[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164513},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method":3,"nav-reference":2755},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2748,"extension":2749,"meta":2750,"navigation":109,"path":2751,"seo":2752,"stem":2753,"__hash__":2754},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2714},"minimark",[9,19,27,33,38,163,169,187,193,200,205,208,224,227,295,299,344,357,361,364,381,384,397,399,489,493,562,565,569,577,580,591,593,719,723,803,809,815,820,940,944,976,979,1089,1096,1103,1107,1110,1219,1223,1284,1287,1290,1301,1313,1316,1333,1335,1436,1440,1516,1519,1542,1548,1553,1570,1572,1704,1708,1742,1746,1751,1759,1769,1772,1850,1853,1924,1934,1937,1970,1973,2012,2019,2026,2029,2123,2127,2211,2217,2220,2223,2334,2337,2340,2463,2467,2470,2539,2543,2580,2586,2590,2597,2603,2610,2617,2624,2627,2667,2673,2676,2680,2710],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-items-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"items()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,26],"p",{},"The ",[15,24,25],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,28,29,30,32],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,31,17],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[34,35,37],"h2",{"id":36},"quick-example","Quick example",[39,40,45],"pre",{"className":41,"code":42,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n","python","",[15,46,47,104,111,142],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49,52,56,60,64,68,72,74,77,80,83,85,88,90,93,95,97,101],"span",{"class":50,"line":51},"line",1,[48,53,55],{"class":54},"su5hD","person ",[48,57,59],{"class":58},"smGrS","=",[48,61,63],{"class":62},"sP7_E"," {",[48,65,67],{"class":66},"sjJ54","\"",[48,69,71],{"class":70},"s_sjI","name",[48,73,67],{"class":66},[48,75,76],{"class":62},":",[48,78,79],{"class":66}," \"",[48,81,82],{"class":70},"Ana",[48,84,67],{"class":66},[48,86,87],{"class":62},",",[48,89,79],{"class":66},[48,91,92],{"class":70},"age",[48,94,67],{"class":66},[48,96,76],{"class":62},[48,98,100],{"class":99},"srdBf"," 25",[48,102,103],{"class":62},"}\n",[48,105,107],{"class":50,"line":106},2,[48,108,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},true,"\n",[48,112,114,118,121,123,126,129,132,135,139],{"class":50,"line":113},3,[48,115,117],{"class":116},"sVHd0","for",[48,119,120],{"class":54}," key",[48,122,87],{"class":62},[48,124,125],{"class":54}," value ",[48,127,128],{"class":116},"in",[48,130,131],{"class":54}," person",[48,133,134],{"class":62},".",[48,136,138],{"class":137},"slqww","items",[48,140,141],{"class":62},"():\n",[48,143,145,149,152,155,157,160],{"class":50,"line":144},4,[48,146,148],{"class":147},"sptTA","    print",[48,150,151],{"class":62},"(",[48,153,154],{"class":137},"key",[48,156,87],{"class":62},[48,158,159],{"class":137}," value",[48,161,162],{"class":62},")\n",[20,164,165],{},[166,167,168],"strong",{},"Output:",[39,170,172],{"className":41,"code":171,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,173,174,179],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,175,176],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,177,178],{"class":54},"name Ana\n",[48,180,181,184],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,182,183],{"class":54},"age ",[48,185,186],{"class":99},"25\n",[20,188,189,190,192],{},"Use ",[15,191,17],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[34,194,196,197,199],{"id":195},"what-items-does","What ",[15,198,17],{}," does",[20,201,202,204],{},[15,203,17],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,206,207],{},"Important points:",[209,210,211,218,221],"ul",{},[212,213,214,215],"li",{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,216,217],{},"(key, value)",[212,219,220],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[212,222,223],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,225,226],{},"Example:",[39,228,230],{"className":41,"code":229,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,231,232,268,272],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,233,234,236,238,240,242,244,246,248,250,252,254,256,258,260,262,264,266],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,235,55],{"class":54},[48,237,59],{"class":58},[48,239,63],{"class":62},[48,241,67],{"class":66},[48,243,71],{"class":70},[48,245,67],{"class":66},[48,247,76],{"class":62},[48,249,79],{"class":66},[48,251,82],{"class":70},[48,253,67],{"class":66},[48,255,87],{"class":62},[48,257,79],{"class":66},[48,259,92],{"class":70},[48,261,67],{"class":66},[48,263,76],{"class":62},[48,265,100],{"class":99},[48,267,103],{"class":62},[48,269,270],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,271,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,273,274,277,279,283,285,288,290,292],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,275,276],{"class":147},"print",[48,278,151],{"class":62},[48,280,282],{"class":281},"sZMiF","list",[48,284,151],{"class":62},[48,286,287],{"class":137},"person",[48,289,134],{"class":62},[48,291,138],{"class":137},[48,293,294],{"class":62},"()))\n",[20,296,297],{},[166,298,168],{},[39,300,302],{"className":41,"code":301,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,303,304],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,305,306,309,312,314,316,318,321,323,325,328,331,333,335,337,339,341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,307,308],{"class":62},"[(",[48,310,311],{"class":66},"'",[48,313,71],{"class":70},[48,315,311],{"class":66},[48,317,87],{"class":62},[48,319,320],{"class":66}," '",[48,322,82],{"class":70},[48,324,311],{"class":66},[48,326,327],{"class":62},"),",[48,329,330],{"class":62}," (",[48,332,311],{"class":66},[48,334,92],{"class":70},[48,336,311],{"class":66},[48,338,87],{"class":62},[48,340,100],{"class":99},[48,342,343],{"class":62},")]\n",[20,345,346,347,352,353,134],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[348,349,351],"a",{"href":350},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained","Python dictionaries explained"," or ",[348,354,356],{"href":355},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python","what is a dictionary in Python",[34,358,360],{"id":359},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,362,363],{},"The syntax is simple:",[39,365,367],{"className":41,"code":366,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,368,369],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,370,371,374,376,378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,372,373],{"class":54},"my_dict",[48,375,134],{"class":62},[48,377,138],{"class":137},[48,379,380],{"class":62},"()\n",[20,382,383],{},"Things to remember:",[209,385,386,391,394],{},[212,387,388,390],{},[15,389,17],{}," does not take any arguments",[212,392,393],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[212,395,396],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,398,226],{},[39,400,402],{"className":41,"code":401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,403,404,441,445,461,465,477],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,405,406,409,411,413,415,418,420,422,425,427,429,432,434,436,439],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,407,408],{"class":54},"scores ",[48,410,59],{"class":58},[48,412,63],{"class":62},[48,414,67],{"class":66},[48,416,417],{"class":70},"Alice",[48,419,67],{"class":66},[48,421,76],{"class":62},[48,423,424],{"class":99}," 90",[48,426,87],{"class":62},[48,428,79],{"class":66},[48,430,431],{"class":70},"Bob",[48,433,67],{"class":66},[48,435,76],{"class":62},[48,437,438],{"class":99}," 85",[48,440,103],{"class":62},[48,442,443],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,444,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,446,447,450,452,455,457,459],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,448,449],{"class":54},"result ",[48,451,59],{"class":58},[48,453,454],{"class":54}," scores",[48,456,134],{"class":62},[48,458,138],{"class":137},[48,460,380],{"class":62},[48,462,463],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,464,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,466,468,470,472,475],{"class":50,"line":467},5,[48,469,276],{"class":147},[48,471,151],{"class":62},[48,473,474],{"class":137},"result",[48,476,162],{"class":62},[48,478,480,482,484,487],{"class":50,"line":479},6,[48,481,276],{"class":147},[48,483,151],{"class":62},[48,485,486],{"class":137},"scores",[48,488,162],{"class":62},[20,490,491],{},[166,492,168],{},[39,494,496],{"className":41,"code":495,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,497,498,533],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,499,500,503,506,508,510,512,514,516,518,520,522,524,526,528,530],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,501,502],{"class":137},"dict_items",[48,504,505],{"class":62},"([(",[48,507,311],{"class":66},[48,509,417],{"class":70},[48,511,311],{"class":66},[48,513,87],{"class":62},[48,515,424],{"class":99},[48,517,327],{"class":62},[48,519,330],{"class":62},[48,521,311],{"class":66},[48,523,431],{"class":70},[48,525,311],{"class":66},[48,527,87],{"class":62},[48,529,438],{"class":99},[48,531,532],{"class":62},")])\n",[48,534,535,538,540,542,544,546,548,550,552,554,556,558,560],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,536,537],{"class":62},"{",[48,539,311],{"class":66},[48,541,417],{"class":70},[48,543,311],{"class":66},[48,545,76],{"class":62},[48,547,424],{"class":99},[48,549,87],{"class":62},[48,551,320],{"class":66},[48,553,431],{"class":70},[48,555,311],{"class":66},[48,557,76],{"class":62},[48,559,438],{"class":99},[48,561,103],{"class":62},[20,563,564],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[34,566,568],{"id":567},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,570,571,573,574,576],{},[15,572,17],{}," returns a ",[15,575,502],{}," view object.",[20,578,579],{},"That means:",[209,581,582,585,588],{},[212,583,584],{},"You can loop over it",[212,586,587],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[212,589,590],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,592,226],{},[39,594,596],{"className":41,"code":595,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,597,598,635,651,655,671,675,699,704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,599,600,603,605,607,609,612,614,616,619,621,623,626,628,630,633],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,601,602],{"class":54},"data ",[48,604,59],{"class":58},[48,606,63],{"class":62},[48,608,67],{"class":66},[48,610,611],{"class":70},"x",[48,613,67],{"class":66},[48,615,76],{"class":62},[48,617,618],{"class":99}," 1",[48,620,87],{"class":62},[48,622,79],{"class":66},[48,624,625],{"class":70},"y",[48,627,67],{"class":66},[48,629,76],{"class":62},[48,631,632],{"class":99}," 2",[48,634,103],{"class":62},[48,636,637,640,642,645,647,649],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,638,639],{"class":54},"pairs ",[48,641,59],{"class":58},[48,643,644],{"class":54}," data",[48,646,134],{"class":62},[48,648,138],{"class":137},[48,650,380],{"class":62},[48,652,653],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,654,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,656,657,659,661,663,665,668],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,658,276],{"class":147},[48,660,151],{"class":62},[48,662,282],{"class":281},[48,664,151],{"class":62},[48,666,667],{"class":137},"pairs",[48,669,670],{"class":62},"))\n",[48,672,673],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,674,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,676,677,680,683,685,688,690,693,696],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,678,679],{"class":54},"data",[48,681,682],{"class":62},"[",[48,684,67],{"class":66},[48,686,687],{"class":70},"z",[48,689,67],{"class":66},[48,691,692],{"class":62},"]",[48,694,695],{"class":58}," =",[48,697,698],{"class":99}," 3\n",[48,700,702],{"class":50,"line":701},7,[48,703,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,705,707,709,711,713,715,717],{"class":50,"line":706},8,[48,708,276],{"class":147},[48,710,151],{"class":62},[48,712,282],{"class":281},[48,714,151],{"class":62},[48,716,667],{"class":137},[48,718,670],{"class":62},[20,720,721],{},[166,722,168],{},[39,724,726],{"className":41,"code":725,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,727,728,758],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,729,730,732,734,736,738,740,742,744,746,748,750,752,754,756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,731,308],{"class":62},[48,733,311],{"class":66},[48,735,611],{"class":70},[48,737,311],{"class":66},[48,739,87],{"class":62},[48,741,618],{"class":99},[48,743,327],{"class":62},[48,745,330],{"class":62},[48,747,311],{"class":66},[48,749,625],{"class":70},[48,751,311],{"class":66},[48,753,87],{"class":62},[48,755,632],{"class":99},[48,757,343],{"class":62},[48,759,760,762,764,766,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,782,784,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,801],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,761,308],{"class":62},[48,763,311],{"class":66},[48,765,611],{"class":70},[48,767,311],{"class":66},[48,769,87],{"class":62},[48,771,618],{"class":99},[48,773,327],{"class":62},[48,775,330],{"class":62},[48,777,311],{"class":66},[48,779,625],{"class":70},[48,781,311],{"class":66},[48,783,87],{"class":62},[48,785,632],{"class":99},[48,787,327],{"class":62},[48,789,330],{"class":62},[48,791,311],{"class":66},[48,793,687],{"class":70},[48,795,311],{"class":66},[48,797,87],{"class":62},[48,799,800],{"class":99}," 3",[48,802,343],{"class":62},[20,804,805,806,808],{},"This happens because ",[15,807,667],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[34,810,812,813],{"id":811},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,814,17],{},[20,816,817,818,76],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,819,17],{},[39,821,823],{"className":41,"code":822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,824,825,882,886,907],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,826,827,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,847,849,851,853,856,858,860,862,865,867,869,871,873,875,877,880],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,828,829],{"class":54},"student ",[48,831,59],{"class":58},[48,833,63],{"class":62},[48,835,67],{"class":66},[48,837,71],{"class":70},[48,839,67],{"class":66},[48,841,76],{"class":62},[48,843,79],{"class":66},[48,845,846],{"class":70},"Mia",[48,848,67],{"class":66},[48,850,87],{"class":62},[48,852,79],{"class":66},[48,854,855],{"class":70},"grade",[48,857,67],{"class":66},[48,859,76],{"class":62},[48,861,79],{"class":66},[48,863,864],{"class":70},"A",[48,866,67],{"class":66},[48,868,87],{"class":62},[48,870,79],{"class":66},[48,872,92],{"class":70},[48,874,67],{"class":66},[48,876,76],{"class":62},[48,878,879],{"class":99}," 14",[48,881,103],{"class":62},[48,883,884],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,885,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,887,888,890,892,894,896,898,901,903,905],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,889,117],{"class":116},[48,891,120],{"class":54},[48,893,87],{"class":62},[48,895,125],{"class":54},[48,897,128],{"class":116},[48,899,900],{"class":54}," student",[48,902,134],{"class":62},[48,904,138],{"class":137},[48,906,141],{"class":62},[48,908,909,911,913,917,919,921,923,926,929,931,934,936,938],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,910,148],{"class":147},[48,912,151],{"class":62},[48,914,916],{"class":915},"sbsja","f",[48,918,67],{"class":70},[48,920,537],{"class":99},[48,922,154],{"class":137},[48,924,925],{"class":99},"}",[48,927,928],{"class":70},": ",[48,930,537],{"class":99},[48,932,933],{"class":137},"value",[48,935,925],{"class":99},[48,937,67],{"class":70},[48,939,162],{"class":62},[20,941,942],{},[166,943,168],{},[39,945,947],{"className":41,"code":946,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,948,949,958,967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,950,951,953,955],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,952,71],{"class":54},[48,954,76],{"class":62},[48,956,957],{"class":54}," Mia\n",[48,959,960,962,964],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,961,855],{"class":54},[48,963,76],{"class":62},[48,965,966],{"class":54}," A\n",[48,968,969,971,973],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,970,92],{"class":54},[48,972,76],{"class":62},[48,974,975],{"class":99}," 14\n",[20,977,978],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[39,980,982],{"className":41,"code":981,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,983,984,1036,1040,1054],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,985,986,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,987,829],{"class":54},[48,989,59],{"class":58},[48,991,63],{"class":62},[48,993,67],{"class":66},[48,995,71],{"class":70},[48,997,67],{"class":66},[48,999,76],{"class":62},[48,1001,79],{"class":66},[48,1003,846],{"class":70},[48,1005,67],{"class":66},[48,1007,87],{"class":62},[48,1009,79],{"class":66},[48,1011,855],{"class":70},[48,1013,67],{"class":66},[48,1015,76],{"class":62},[48,1017,79],{"class":66},[48,1019,864],{"class":70},[48,1021,67],{"class":66},[48,1023,87],{"class":62},[48,1025,79],{"class":66},[48,1027,92],{"class":70},[48,1029,67],{"class":66},[48,1031,76],{"class":62},[48,1033,879],{"class":99},[48,1035,103],{"class":62},[48,1037,1038],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1039,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,1041,1042,1044,1047,1049,1051],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,1043,117],{"class":116},[48,1045,1046],{"class":54}," key ",[48,1048,128],{"class":116},[48,1050,900],{"class":54},[48,1052,1053],{"class":62},":\n",[48,1055,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,1057,148],{"class":147},[48,1059,151],{"class":62},[48,1061,916],{"class":915},[48,1063,67],{"class":70},[48,1065,537],{"class":99},[48,1067,154],{"class":137},[48,1069,925],{"class":99},[48,1071,928],{"class":70},[48,1073,537],{"class":99},[48,1075,1076],{"class":137},"student",[48,1078,682],{"class":62},[48,1080,154],{"class":137},[48,1082,692],{"class":62},[48,1084,925],{"class":99},[48,1086,67],{"class":70},[48,1088,162],{"class":62},[20,1090,1091,1092,1095],{},"Both work, but ",[15,1093,1094],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,1097,1098,1099,134],{},"For a full guide, see ",[348,1100,1102],{"href":1101},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[34,1104,1106],{"id":1105},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,1108,1109],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[39,1111,1113],{"className":41,"code":1112,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,1114,1115,1178,1182,1204,1208],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1116,1117,1120,1122,1124,1126,1129,1131,1133,1135,1138,1140,1142,1144,1147,1149,1151,1153,1156,1158,1160,1162,1165,1167,1169,1171,1174,1176],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1118,1119],{"class":54},"colors ",[48,1121,59],{"class":58},[48,1123,63],{"class":62},[48,1125,67],{"class":66},[48,1127,1128],{"class":70},"apple",[48,1130,67],{"class":66},[48,1132,76],{"class":62},[48,1134,79],{"class":66},[48,1136,1137],{"class":70},"red",[48,1139,67],{"class":66},[48,1141,87],{"class":62},[48,1143,79],{"class":66},[48,1145,1146],{"class":70},"banana",[48,1148,67],{"class":66},[48,1150,76],{"class":62},[48,1152,79],{"class":66},[48,1154,1155],{"class":70},"yellow",[48,1157,67],{"class":66},[48,1159,87],{"class":62},[48,1161,79],{"class":66},[48,1163,1164],{"class":70},"grape",[48,1166,67],{"class":66},[48,1168,76],{"class":62},[48,1170,79],{"class":66},[48,1172,1173],{"class":70},"purple",[48,1175,67],{"class":66},[48,1177,103],{"class":62},[48,1179,1180],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1181,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,1183,1184,1187,1189,1192,1194,1197,1199,1201],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,1185,1186],{"class":54},"pairs_list ",[48,1188,59],{"class":58},[48,1190,1191],{"class":281}," list",[48,1193,151],{"class":62},[48,1195,1196],{"class":137},"colors",[48,1198,134],{"class":62},[48,1200,138],{"class":137},[48,1202,1203],{"class":62},"())\n",[48,1205,1206],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,1207,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,1209,1210,1212,1214,1217],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,1211,276],{"class":147},[48,1213,151],{"class":62},[48,1215,1216],{"class":137},"pairs_list",[48,1218,162],{"class":62},[20,1220,1221],{},[166,1222,168],{},[39,1224,1226],{"className":41,"code":1225,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,1227,1228],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1229,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1231,308],{"class":62},[48,1233,311],{"class":66},[48,1235,1128],{"class":70},[48,1237,311],{"class":66},[48,1239,87],{"class":62},[48,1241,320],{"class":66},[48,1243,1137],{"class":70},[48,1245,311],{"class":66},[48,1247,327],{"class":62},[48,1249,330],{"class":62},[48,1251,311],{"class":66},[48,1253,1146],{"class":70},[48,1255,311],{"class":66},[48,1257,87],{"class":62},[48,1259,320],{"class":66},[48,1261,1155],{"class":70},[48,1263,311],{"class":66},[48,1265,327],{"class":62},[48,1267,330],{"class":62},[48,1269,311],{"class":66},[48,1271,1164],{"class":70},[48,1273,311],{"class":66},[48,1275,87],{"class":62},[48,1277,320],{"class":66},[48,1279,1173],{"class":70},[48,1281,311],{"class":66},[48,1283,343],{"class":62},[20,1285,1286],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,1288,1289],{},"Use this when:",[209,1291,1292,1295,1298],{},[212,1293,1294],{},"You want clearer printed output",[212,1296,1297],{},"You need list behavior",[212,1299,1300],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[34,1302,1304,1306,1307,1306,1310],{"id":1303},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,1305,17],{}," vs ",[15,1308,1309],{},"keys()",[15,1311,1312],{},"values()",[20,1314,1315],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[209,1317,1318,1323,1328],{},[212,1319,1320,1322],{},[15,1321,17],{}," gives both key and value",[212,1324,1325,1327],{},[15,1326,1309],{}," gives only keys",[212,1329,1330,1332],{},[15,1331,1312],{}," gives only values",[20,1334,226],{},[39,1336,1338],{"className":41,"code":1337,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,1339,1340,1376,1380,1399,1418],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1341,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372,1374],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1343,55],{"class":54},[48,1345,59],{"class":58},[48,1347,63],{"class":62},[48,1349,67],{"class":66},[48,1351,71],{"class":70},[48,1353,67],{"class":66},[48,1355,76],{"class":62},[48,1357,79],{"class":66},[48,1359,82],{"class":70},[48,1361,67],{"class":66},[48,1363,87],{"class":62},[48,1365,79],{"class":66},[48,1367,92],{"class":70},[48,1369,67],{"class":66},[48,1371,76],{"class":62},[48,1373,100],{"class":99},[48,1375,103],{"class":62},[48,1377,1378],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1379,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,1381,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1397],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,1383,276],{"class":147},[48,1385,151],{"class":62},[48,1387,282],{"class":281},[48,1389,151],{"class":62},[48,1391,287],{"class":137},[48,1393,134],{"class":62},[48,1395,1396],{"class":137},"keys",[48,1398,294],{"class":62},[48,1400,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1416],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,1402,276],{"class":147},[48,1404,151],{"class":62},[48,1406,282],{"class":281},[48,1408,151],{"class":62},[48,1410,287],{"class":137},[48,1412,134],{"class":62},[48,1414,1415],{"class":137},"values",[48,1417,294],{"class":62},[48,1419,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,1421,276],{"class":147},[48,1423,151],{"class":62},[48,1425,282],{"class":281},[48,1427,151],{"class":62},[48,1429,287],{"class":137},[48,1431,134],{"class":62},[48,1433,138],{"class":137},[48,1435,294],{"class":62},[20,1437,1438],{},[166,1439,168],{},[39,1441,1443],{"className":41,"code":1442,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,1444,1445,1466,1482],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1446,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1448,682],{"class":62},[48,1450,311],{"class":66},[48,1452,71],{"class":70},[48,1454,311],{"class":66},[48,1456,87],{"class":62},[48,1458,320],{"class":66},[48,1460,92],{"class":70},[48,1462,311],{"class":66},[48,1464,1465],{"class":62},"]\n",[48,1467,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1469,682],{"class":62},[48,1471,311],{"class":66},[48,1473,82],{"class":70},[48,1475,311],{"class":66},[48,1477,87],{"class":62},[48,1479,100],{"class":99},[48,1481,1465],{"class":62},[48,1483,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,1485,308],{"class":62},[48,1487,311],{"class":66},[48,1489,71],{"class":70},[48,1491,311],{"class":66},[48,1493,87],{"class":62},[48,1495,320],{"class":66},[48,1497,82],{"class":70},[48,1499,311],{"class":66},[48,1501,327],{"class":62},[48,1503,330],{"class":62},[48,1505,311],{"class":66},[48,1507,92],{"class":70},[48,1509,311],{"class":66},[48,1511,87],{"class":62},[48,1513,100],{"class":99},[48,1515,343],{"class":62},[20,1517,1518],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[209,1520,1521,1529,1537],{},[212,1522,1523,1524],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[348,1525,1527],{"href":1526},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,1528,1309],{},[212,1530,1531,1532],{},"Need just values? Use ",[348,1533,1535],{"href":1534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,1536,1312],{},[212,1538,1539,1540],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,1541,17],{},[34,1543,1545,1546],{"id":1544},"when-to-use-items","When to use ",[15,1547,17],{},[20,1549,1550,1552],{},[15,1551,17],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[209,1554,1555,1558,1561,1564,1567],{},[212,1556,1557],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[212,1559,1560],{},"Building formatted output",[212,1562,1563],{},"Looping through settings and values",[212,1565,1566],{},"Showing names with scores",[212,1568,1569],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,1571,226],{},[39,1573,1575],{"className":41,"code":1574,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,1576,1577,1587,1609,1629,1644,1648,1652,1674],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1578,1579,1582,1584],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1580,1581],{"class":54},"settings ",[48,1583,59],{"class":58},[48,1585,1586],{"class":62}," {\n",[48,1588,1589,1592,1595,1597,1599,1601,1604,1606],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1590,1591],{"class":66},"    \"",[48,1593,1594],{"class":70},"theme",[48,1596,67],{"class":66},[48,1598,76],{"class":62},[48,1600,79],{"class":66},[48,1602,1603],{"class":70},"dark",[48,1605,67],{"class":66},[48,1607,1608],{"class":62},",\n",[48,1610,1611,1613,1616,1618,1620,1622,1625,1627],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,1612,1591],{"class":66},[48,1614,1615],{"class":70},"language",[48,1617,67],{"class":66},[48,1619,76],{"class":62},[48,1621,79],{"class":66},[48,1623,1624],{"class":70},"English",[48,1626,67],{"class":66},[48,1628,1608],{"class":62},[48,1630,1631,1633,1636,1638,1640],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,1632,1591],{"class":66},[48,1634,1635],{"class":70},"notifications",[48,1637,67],{"class":66},[48,1639,76],{"class":62},[48,1641,1643],{"class":1642},"s39Yj"," True\n",[48,1645,1646],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,1647,103],{"class":62},[48,1649,1650],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,1651,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,1653,1654,1656,1659,1661,1663,1665,1668,1670,1672],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,1655,117],{"class":116},[48,1657,1658],{"class":54}," setting",[48,1660,87],{"class":62},[48,1662,125],{"class":54},[48,1664,128],{"class":116},[48,1666,1667],{"class":54}," settings",[48,1669,134],{"class":62},[48,1671,138],{"class":137},[48,1673,141],{"class":62},[48,1675,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1689,1691,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,1677,148],{"class":147},[48,1679,151],{"class":62},[48,1681,916],{"class":915},[48,1683,67],{"class":70},[48,1685,537],{"class":99},[48,1687,1688],{"class":137},"setting",[48,1690,925],{"class":99},[48,1692,1693],{"class":70}," = ",[48,1695,537],{"class":99},[48,1697,933],{"class":137},[48,1699,925],{"class":99},[48,1701,67],{"class":70},[48,1703,162],{"class":62},[20,1705,1706],{},[166,1707,168],{},[39,1709,1711],{"className":41,"code":1710,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,1712,1713,1723,1733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1714,1715,1718,1720],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1716,1717],{"class":54},"theme ",[48,1719,59],{"class":58},[48,1721,1722],{"class":54}," dark\n",[48,1724,1725,1728,1730],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1726,1727],{"class":54},"language ",[48,1729,59],{"class":58},[48,1731,1732],{"class":54}," English\n",[48,1734,1735,1738,1740],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,1736,1737],{"class":54},"notifications ",[48,1739,59],{"class":58},[48,1741,1643],{"class":1642},[34,1743,1745],{"id":1744},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1747,1748,1749,134],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,1750,17],{},[1752,1753,1755,1756,1758],"h3",{"id":1754},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,1757,17],{}," incorrectly",[20,1760,1761,1762,1764,1765,1768],{},"Each result from ",[15,1763,17],{}," has ",[166,1766,1767],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,1770,1771],{},"This works:",[39,1773,1774],{"className":41,"code":42,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,1775,1776,1812,1816,1836],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1777,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1779,55],{"class":54},[48,1781,59],{"class":58},[48,1783,63],{"class":62},[48,1785,67],{"class":66},[48,1787,71],{"class":70},[48,1789,67],{"class":66},[48,1791,76],{"class":62},[48,1793,79],{"class":66},[48,1795,82],{"class":70},[48,1797,67],{"class":66},[48,1799,87],{"class":62},[48,1801,79],{"class":66},[48,1803,92],{"class":70},[48,1805,67],{"class":66},[48,1807,76],{"class":62},[48,1809,100],{"class":99},[48,1811,103],{"class":62},[48,1813,1814],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1815,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,1817,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826,1828,1830,1832,1834],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,1819,117],{"class":116},[48,1821,120],{"class":54},[48,1823,87],{"class":62},[48,1825,125],{"class":54},[48,1827,128],{"class":116},[48,1829,131],{"class":54},[48,1831,134],{"class":62},[48,1833,138],{"class":137},[48,1835,141],{"class":62},[48,1837,1838,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,1839,148],{"class":147},[48,1841,151],{"class":62},[48,1843,154],{"class":137},[48,1845,87],{"class":62},[48,1847,159],{"class":137},[48,1849,162],{"class":62},[20,1851,1852],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[39,1854,1856],{"className":41,"code":1855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,1857,1858,1894,1898,1914],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1859,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868,1870,1872,1874,1876,1878,1880,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1861,55],{"class":54},[48,1863,59],{"class":58},[48,1865,63],{"class":62},[48,1867,67],{"class":66},[48,1869,71],{"class":70},[48,1871,67],{"class":66},[48,1873,76],{"class":62},[48,1875,79],{"class":66},[48,1877,82],{"class":70},[48,1879,67],{"class":66},[48,1881,87],{"class":62},[48,1883,79],{"class":66},[48,1885,92],{"class":70},[48,1887,67],{"class":66},[48,1889,76],{"class":62},[48,1891,100],{"class":99},[48,1893,103],{"class":62},[48,1895,1896],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1897,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,1899,1900,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,1901,117],{"class":116},[48,1903,1046],{"class":54},[48,1905,128],{"class":116},[48,1907,131],{"class":54},[48,1909,134],{"class":62},[48,1911,138],{"class":137},[48,1913,141],{"class":62},[48,1915,1916,1918,1920,1922],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,1917,148],{"class":147},[48,1919,151],{"class":62},[48,1921,154],{"class":137},[48,1923,162],{"class":62},[20,1925,1926,1927,1929,1930,1933],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,1928,154],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,1931,1932],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,1935,1936],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[39,1938,1940],{"className":41,"code":1939,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,1941,1942,1959],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1943,1944,1946,1949,1951,1953,1955,1957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1945,117],{"class":116},[48,1947,1948],{"class":54}," item ",[48,1950,128],{"class":116},[48,1952,131],{"class":54},[48,1954,134],{"class":62},[48,1956,138],{"class":137},[48,1958,141],{"class":62},[48,1960,1961,1963,1965,1968],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,1962,148],{"class":147},[48,1964,151],{"class":62},[48,1966,1967],{"class":137},"item",[48,1969,162],{"class":62},[20,1971,1972],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[39,1974,1976],{"className":41,"code":1975,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,1977,1978,1998],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1979,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1981,117],{"class":116},[48,1983,120],{"class":54},[48,1985,87],{"class":62},[48,1987,125],{"class":54},[48,1989,128],{"class":116},[48,1991,131],{"class":54},[48,1993,134],{"class":62},[48,1995,138],{"class":137},[48,1997,141],{"class":62},[48,1999,2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2001,148],{"class":147},[48,2003,151],{"class":62},[48,2005,154],{"class":137},[48,2007,87],{"class":62},[48,2009,159],{"class":137},[48,2011,162],{"class":62},[1752,2013,2015,2016,2018],{"id":2014},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list","Expecting ",[15,2017,17],{}," to return a regular list",[20,2020,2021,573,2023,2025],{},[15,2022,17],{},[15,2024,502],{}," object, not a list.",[20,2027,2028],{},"Check it:",[39,2030,2032],{"className":41,"code":2031,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,2033,2034,2068,2072,2086,2105],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2035,2036,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2060,2062,2064,2066],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2037,2038],{"class":54},"my_dict ",[48,2040,59],{"class":58},[48,2042,63],{"class":62},[48,2044,67],{"class":66},[48,2046,348],{"class":70},[48,2048,67],{"class":66},[48,2050,76],{"class":62},[48,2052,618],{"class":99},[48,2054,87],{"class":62},[48,2056,79],{"class":66},[48,2058,2059],{"class":70},"b",[48,2061,67],{"class":66},[48,2063,76],{"class":62},[48,2065,632],{"class":99},[48,2067,103],{"class":62},[48,2069,2070],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2071,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,2073,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,2075,276],{"class":147},[48,2077,151],{"class":62},[48,2079,373],{"class":137},[48,2081,134],{"class":62},[48,2083,138],{"class":137},[48,2085,1203],{"class":62},[48,2087,2088,2090,2092,2095,2097,2099,2101,2103],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,2089,276],{"class":147},[48,2091,151],{"class":62},[48,2093,2094],{"class":281},"type",[48,2096,151],{"class":62},[48,2098,373],{"class":137},[48,2100,134],{"class":62},[48,2102,138],{"class":137},[48,2104,294],{"class":62},[48,2106,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119,2121],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,2108,276],{"class":147},[48,2110,151],{"class":62},[48,2112,282],{"class":281},[48,2114,151],{"class":62},[48,2116,373],{"class":137},[48,2118,134],{"class":62},[48,2120,138],{"class":137},[48,2122,294],{"class":62},[20,2124,2125],{},[166,2126,168],{},[39,2128,2130],{"className":41,"code":2129,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,2131,2132,2164,2181],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2133,2134,2136,2138,2140,2142,2144,2146,2148,2150,2152,2154,2156,2158,2160,2162],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2135,502],{"class":137},[48,2137,505],{"class":62},[48,2139,311],{"class":66},[48,2141,348],{"class":70},[48,2143,311],{"class":66},[48,2145,87],{"class":62},[48,2147,618],{"class":99},[48,2149,327],{"class":62},[48,2151,330],{"class":62},[48,2153,311],{"class":66},[48,2155,2059],{"class":70},[48,2157,311],{"class":66},[48,2159,87],{"class":62},[48,2161,632],{"class":99},[48,2163,532],{"class":62},[48,2165,2166,2169,2172,2174,2176,2178],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2167,2168],{"class":58},"\u003C",[48,2170,2171],{"class":915},"class",[48,2173,320],{"class":66},[48,2175,502],{"class":70},[48,2177,311],{"class":66},[48,2179,2180],{"class":58},">\n",[48,2182,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191,2193,2195,2197,2199,2201,2203,2205,2207,2209],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,2184,308],{"class":62},[48,2186,311],{"class":66},[48,2188,348],{"class":70},[48,2190,311],{"class":66},[48,2192,87],{"class":62},[48,2194,618],{"class":99},[48,2196,327],{"class":62},[48,2198,330],{"class":62},[48,2200,311],{"class":66},[48,2202,2059],{"class":70},[48,2204,311],{"class":66},[48,2206,87],{"class":62},[48,2208,632],{"class":99},[48,2210,343],{"class":62},[1752,2212,2214,2215],{"id":2213},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,2216,17],{},[20,2218,2219],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,2221,2222],{},"Problem example:",[39,2224,2226],{"className":41,"code":2225,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,2227,2228,2274,2278,2299,2313],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2229,2230,2233,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2245,2247,2249,2251,2253,2255,2257,2259,2261,2263,2266,2268,2270,2272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2231,2232],{"class":54},"numbers ",[48,2234,59],{"class":58},[48,2236,63],{"class":62},[48,2238,67],{"class":66},[48,2240,348],{"class":70},[48,2242,67],{"class":66},[48,2244,76],{"class":62},[48,2246,618],{"class":99},[48,2248,87],{"class":62},[48,2250,79],{"class":66},[48,2252,2059],{"class":70},[48,2254,67],{"class":66},[48,2256,76],{"class":62},[48,2258,632],{"class":99},[48,2260,87],{"class":62},[48,2262,79],{"class":66},[48,2264,2265],{"class":70},"c",[48,2267,67],{"class":66},[48,2269,76],{"class":62},[48,2271,800],{"class":99},[48,2273,103],{"class":62},[48,2275,2276],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2277,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,2279,2280,2282,2284,2286,2288,2290,2293,2295,2297],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,2281,117],{"class":116},[48,2283,120],{"class":54},[48,2285,87],{"class":62},[48,2287,125],{"class":54},[48,2289,128],{"class":116},[48,2291,2292],{"class":54}," numbers",[48,2294,134],{"class":62},[48,2296,138],{"class":137},[48,2298,141],{"class":62},[48,2300,2301,2304,2306,2309,2311],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,2302,2303],{"class":116},"    if",[48,2305,125],{"class":54},[48,2307,2308],{"class":58},"==",[48,2310,632],{"class":99},[48,2312,1053],{"class":62},[48,2314,2315,2318,2320,2322,2325,2327,2329,2331],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,2316,2317],{"class":54},"        numbers",[48,2319,682],{"class":62},[48,2321,67],{"class":66},[48,2323,2324],{"class":70},"d",[48,2326,67],{"class":66},[48,2328,692],{"class":62},[48,2330,695],{"class":58},[48,2332,2333],{"class":99}," 4\n",[20,2335,2336],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,2338,2339],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[39,2341,2343],{"className":41,"code":2342,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,2344,2345,2389,2393,2419,2431,2449,2453],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2346,2347,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2348,2232],{"class":54},[48,2350,59],{"class":58},[48,2352,63],{"class":62},[48,2354,67],{"class":66},[48,2356,348],{"class":70},[48,2358,67],{"class":66},[48,2360,76],{"class":62},[48,2362,618],{"class":99},[48,2364,87],{"class":62},[48,2366,79],{"class":66},[48,2368,2059],{"class":70},[48,2370,67],{"class":66},[48,2372,76],{"class":62},[48,2374,632],{"class":99},[48,2376,87],{"class":62},[48,2378,79],{"class":66},[48,2380,2265],{"class":70},[48,2382,67],{"class":66},[48,2384,76],{"class":62},[48,2386,800],{"class":99},[48,2388,103],{"class":62},[48,2390,2391],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2392,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,2394,2395,2397,2399,2401,2403,2405,2407,2409,2412,2414,2416],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,2396,117],{"class":116},[48,2398,120],{"class":54},[48,2400,87],{"class":62},[48,2402,125],{"class":54},[48,2404,128],{"class":116},[48,2406,1191],{"class":281},[48,2408,151],{"class":62},[48,2410,2411],{"class":137},"numbers",[48,2413,134],{"class":62},[48,2415,138],{"class":137},[48,2417,2418],{"class":62},"()):\n",[48,2420,2421,2423,2425,2427,2429],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,2422,2303],{"class":116},[48,2424,125],{"class":54},[48,2426,2308],{"class":58},[48,2428,632],{"class":99},[48,2430,1053],{"class":62},[48,2432,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,2434,2317],{"class":54},[48,2436,682],{"class":62},[48,2438,67],{"class":66},[48,2440,2324],{"class":70},[48,2442,67],{"class":66},[48,2444,692],{"class":62},[48,2446,695],{"class":58},[48,2448,2333],{"class":99},[48,2450,2451],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,2452,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,2454,2455,2457,2459,2461],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,2456,276],{"class":147},[48,2458,151],{"class":62},[48,2460,2411],{"class":137},[48,2462,162],{"class":62},[1752,2464,2466],{"id":2465},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,2468,2469],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[39,2471,2473],{"className":41,"code":2472,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,2474,2475,2509,2513,2529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2476,2477,2479,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2507],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2478,602],{"class":54},[48,2480,59],{"class":58},[48,2482,63],{"class":62},[48,2484,67],{"class":66},[48,2486,611],{"class":70},[48,2488,67],{"class":66},[48,2490,76],{"class":62},[48,2492,2493],{"class":99}," 10",[48,2495,87],{"class":62},[48,2497,79],{"class":66},[48,2499,625],{"class":70},[48,2501,67],{"class":66},[48,2503,76],{"class":62},[48,2505,2506],{"class":99}," 20",[48,2508,103],{"class":62},[48,2510,2511],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2512,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,2514,2515,2517,2519,2521,2523,2525,2527],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,2516,117],{"class":116},[48,2518,1948],{"class":54},[48,2520,128],{"class":116},[48,2522,644],{"class":54},[48,2524,134],{"class":62},[48,2526,138],{"class":137},[48,2528,141],{"class":62},[48,2530,2531,2533,2535,2537],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,2532,148],{"class":147},[48,2534,151],{"class":62},[48,2536,1967],{"class":137},[48,2538,162],{"class":62},[20,2540,2541],{},[166,2542,168],{},[39,2544,2546],{"className":41,"code":2545,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,2547,2548,2564],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2549,2550,2552,2554,2556,2558,2560,2562],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2551,151],{"class":62},[48,2553,311],{"class":66},[48,2555,611],{"class":70},[48,2557,311],{"class":66},[48,2559,87],{"class":62},[48,2561,2493],{"class":99},[48,2563,162],{"class":62},[48,2565,2566,2568,2570,2572,2574,2576,2578],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2567,151],{"class":62},[48,2569,311],{"class":66},[48,2571,625],{"class":70},[48,2573,311],{"class":66},[48,2575,87],{"class":62},[48,2577,2506],{"class":99},[48,2579,162],{"class":62},[20,2581,2582,2583,2585],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,2584,217],{}," pair.",[34,2587,2589],{"id":2588},"faq","FAQ",[1752,2591,2593,2594,2596],{"id":2592},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,2595,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,2598,2599,2600,2602],{},"It returns a ",[15,2601,502],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1752,2604,2606,2607,2609],{"id":2605},"does-items-return-a-list","Does ",[15,2608,17],{}," return a list?",[20,2611,2612,2613,2616],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,2614,2615],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1752,2618,2620,2621,2623],{"id":2619},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,2622,17],{},"?",[20,2625,2626],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[39,2628,2630],{"className":41,"code":2629,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,2631,2632,2653],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2633,2634,2636,2638,2640,2642,2644,2647,2649,2651],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2635,117],{"class":116},[48,2637,120],{"class":54},[48,2639,87],{"class":62},[48,2641,125],{"class":54},[48,2643,128],{"class":116},[48,2645,2646],{"class":54}," my_dict",[48,2648,134],{"class":62},[48,2650,138],{"class":137},[48,2652,141],{"class":62},[48,2654,2655,2657,2659,2661,2663,2665],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2656,148],{"class":147},[48,2658,151],{"class":62},[48,2660,154],{"class":137},[48,2662,87],{"class":62},[48,2664,159],{"class":137},[48,2666,162],{"class":62},[1752,2668,2606,2670,2672],{"id":2669},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,2671,17],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,2674,2675],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[34,2677,2679],{"id":2678},"see-also","See also",[209,2681,2682,2690,2696,2701,2705],{},[212,2683,2684],{},[348,2685,2686,2687,2689],{"href":1526},"Python dictionary ",[15,2688,1309],{}," method",[212,2691,2692],{},[348,2693,2686,2694,2689],{"href":1534},[15,2695,1312],{},[212,2697,2698],{},[348,2699,2700],{"href":1101},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[212,2702,2703],{},[348,2704,351],{"href":350},[212,2706,2707],{},[348,2708,2709],{"href":355},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2711,2712,2713],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":2014,"depth":113,"text":2733},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":2213,"depth":113,"text":2735},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":2465,"depth":113,"text":2466},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":2738},[2739,2741,2743,2745],{"id":2592,"depth":113,"text":2740},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":2605,"depth":113,"text":2742},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":2619,"depth":113,"text":2744},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":2669,"depth":113,"text":2746},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":5,"description":2748},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",[2756,4348,6055,7742,9877,12063,13571,15732,17933,20387,22222,24600,26699,28981,30929,32840,34837,36277,38106,40631,42793,44022,45393,47041,49362,51206,53188,54882,56135,57829,59580,61552,63302,65402,66762,68713,70276,72267,74062,75962,78404,80482,83122,85151,87114,89302,91306,93619,95301,96746,97940,99118,100958,103398,105102,107117,108641,109886,111049,112431,114502,116399,118173,120039,122158,123898,125360,126954,128877,130554,132489,133978,136762,138339,139898,141926,143878,145341,146530,148416,149827,151523,153077,154499,155902,157800,160194,162025],{"id":2757,"title":2758,"body":2759,"description":4342,"extension":2749,"meta":4343,"navigation":109,"path":4344,"seo":4345,"stem":4346,"__hash__":4347},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2760,"toc":4314},[2761,2764,2770,2773,2784,2787,2789,2854,2856,2876,2881,2885,2890,2892,2908,2911,2937,2940,2942,2945,2960,2963,2990,2992,3050,3052,3067,3077,3088,3092,3095,3149,3151,3171,3174,3198,3205,3209,3214,3220,3222,3259,3261,3270,3276,3294,3297,3309,3313,3318,3322,3325,3346,3348,3405,3407,3415,3418,3422,3454,3456,3464,3467,3471,3476,3523,3525,3533,3537,3597,3599,3607,3610,3612,3616,3619,3642,3651,3666,3717,3719,3734,3745,3749,3752,3782,3789,3793,3798,3839,3841,3852,3855,3898,3900,3908,3912,3917,3939,3941,3950,3959,3963,3968,3990,3992,4062,4064,4111,4114,4117,4120,4200,4202,4233,4235,4239,4242,4246,4249,4253,4256,4260,4272,4276,4279,4281,4311],[10,2762,2758],{"id":2763},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2765,22,2766,2769],{},[15,2767,2768],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2771,2772],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[209,2774,2775,2778,2781],{},[212,2776,2777],{},"a number without its negative sign",[212,2779,2780],{},"the distance between two numbers",[212,2782,2783],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2785,2786],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[34,2788,37],{"id":36},[39,2790,2792],{"className":41,"code":2791,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2793,2794,2813,2828],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2795,2796,2798,2800,2803,2805,2808,2811],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2797,276],{"class":147},[48,2799,151],{"class":62},[48,2801,2802],{"class":147},"abs",[48,2804,151],{"class":62},[48,2806,2807],{"class":58},"-",[48,2809,2810],{"class":99},"7",[48,2812,670],{"class":62},[48,2814,2815,2817,2819,2821,2823,2826],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2816,276],{"class":147},[48,2818,151],{"class":62},[48,2820,2802],{"class":147},[48,2822,151],{"class":62},[48,2824,2825],{"class":99},"3.5",[48,2827,670],{"class":62},[48,2829,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838,2840,2843,2846,2849,2852],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,2831,276],{"class":147},[48,2833,151],{"class":62},[48,2835,2802],{"class":147},[48,2837,151],{"class":62},[48,2839,2807],{"class":58},[48,2841,2842],{"class":99},"2",[48,2844,2845],{"class":58},"+",[48,2847,2848],{"class":99},"3",[48,2850,2851],{"class":915},"j",[48,2853,670],{"class":62},[20,2855,168],{},[39,2857,2859],{"className":41,"code":2858,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2860,2861,2866,2871],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2862,2863],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2864,2865],{"class":99},"7\n",[48,2867,2868],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,2869,2870],{"class":99},"3.5\n",[48,2872,2873],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,2874,2875],{"class":99},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2877,189,2878,2880],{},[15,2879,2768],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[34,2882,2884],{"id":2883},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2886,2887,2889],{},[15,2888,2768],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2891,579],{},[209,2893,2894,2897,2900],{},[212,2895,2896],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[212,2898,2899],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[212,2901,2902,2905,2906],{},[15,2903,2904],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2907,2904],{},[20,2909,2910],{},"Examples:",[209,2912,2913,2922,2930],{},[212,2914,2915,2918,2919],{},[15,2916,2917],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2920,2921],{},"5",[212,2923,2924,2918,2927],{},[15,2925,2926],{},"abs(9)",[15,2928,2929],{},"9",[212,2931,2932,2918,2935],{},[15,2933,2934],{},"abs(0)",[15,2936,2904],{},[20,2938,2939],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[34,2941,360],{"id":359},[20,2943,2944],{},"The syntax is:",[39,2946,2948],{"className":41,"code":2947,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"abs(x)\n",[15,2949,2950],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2951,2952,2954,2956,2958],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2953,2802],{"class":147},[48,2955,151],{"class":62},[48,2957,611],{"class":137},[48,2959,162],{"class":62},[20,2961,2962],{},"Here:",[209,2964,2965,2982,2987],{},[212,2966,2967,2969,2970,2973,2974,2977,2978,2981],{},[15,2968,611],{}," is usually an ",[15,2971,2972],{},"int",", ",[15,2975,2976],{},"float",", or ",[15,2979,2980],{},"complex"," number",[212,2983,2984,2986],{},[15,2985,2768],{}," returns a new value",[212,2988,2989],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2991,226],{},[39,2993,2995],{"className":41,"code":2994,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2996,2997,3010,3026,3030,3040],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2998,2999,3002,3004,3007],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3000,3001],{"class":54},"number ",[48,3003,59],{"class":58},[48,3005,3006],{"class":58}," -",[48,3008,3009],{"class":99},"12\n",[48,3011,3012,3014,3016,3019,3021,3024],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3013,449],{"class":54},[48,3015,59],{"class":58},[48,3017,3018],{"class":147}," abs",[48,3020,151],{"class":62},[48,3022,3023],{"class":137},"number",[48,3025,162],{"class":62},[48,3027,3028],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,3029,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,3031,3032,3034,3036,3038],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,3033,276],{"class":147},[48,3035,151],{"class":62},[48,3037,3023],{"class":137},[48,3039,162],{"class":62},[48,3041,3042,3044,3046,3048],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,3043,276],{"class":147},[48,3045,151],{"class":62},[48,3047,474],{"class":137},[48,3049,162],{"class":62},[20,3051,168],{},[39,3053,3055],{"className":41,"code":3054,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"-12\n12\n",[15,3056,3057,3063],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3058,3059,3061],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3060,2807],{"class":58},[48,3062,3009],{"class":99},[48,3064,3065],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3066,3009],{"class":99},[20,3068,3069,3070,3072,3073,3076],{},"Notice that ",[15,3071,3023],{}," is still ",[15,3074,3075],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,3078,3079,3080,3087],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[348,3081,3083,3086],{"href":3082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,3084,3085],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[34,3089,3091],{"id":3090},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,3093,3094],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[39,3096,3098],{"className":41,"code":3097,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,3099,3100,3117,3132],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3101,3102,3104,3106,3108,3110,3112,3115],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3103,276],{"class":147},[48,3105,151],{"class":62},[48,3107,2802],{"class":147},[48,3109,151],{"class":62},[48,3111,2807],{"class":58},[48,3113,3114],{"class":99},"10",[48,3116,670],{"class":62},[48,3118,3119,3121,3123,3125,3127,3130],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3120,276],{"class":147},[48,3122,151],{"class":62},[48,3124,2802],{"class":147},[48,3126,151],{"class":62},[48,3128,3129],{"class":99},"8",[48,3131,670],{"class":62},[48,3133,3134,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144,3147],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,3135,276],{"class":147},[48,3137,151],{"class":62},[48,3139,2802],{"class":147},[48,3141,151],{"class":62},[48,3143,2807],{"class":58},[48,3145,3146],{"class":99},"4.2",[48,3148,670],{"class":62},[20,3150,168],{},[39,3152,3154],{"className":41,"code":3153,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,3155,3156,3161,3166],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3157,3158],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3159,3160],{"class":99},"10\n",[48,3162,3163],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3164,3165],{"class":99},"8\n",[48,3167,3168],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,3169,3170],{"class":99},"4.2\n",[20,3172,3173],{},"What each line does:",[209,3175,3176,3184,3191],{},[212,3177,3178,3181,3182],{},[15,3179,3180],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,3183,3114],{},[212,3185,3186,3181,3189],{},[15,3187,3188],{},"abs(8)",[15,3190,3129],{},[212,3192,3193,3181,3196],{},[15,3194,3195],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,3197,3146],{},[20,3199,3200,3201,134],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[348,3202,3204],{"href":3203},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[34,3206,3208],{"id":3207},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,3210,3211,3213],{},[15,3212,2768],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,3215,3216,3217,3219],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,3218,2904],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,3221,226],{},[39,3223,3225],{"className":41,"code":3224,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,3226,3227,3245],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3228,3229,3232,3234,3236,3239,3242],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3230,3231],{"class":54},"value ",[48,3233,59],{"class":58},[48,3235,800],{"class":99},[48,3237,3238],{"class":58}," +",[48,3240,3241],{"class":99}," 4",[48,3243,3244],{"class":915},"j\n",[48,3246,3247,3249,3251,3253,3255,3257],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3248,276],{"class":147},[48,3250,151],{"class":62},[48,3252,2802],{"class":147},[48,3254,151],{"class":62},[48,3256,933],{"class":137},[48,3258,670],{"class":62},[20,3260,168],{},[39,3262,3264],{"className":41,"code":3263,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5.0\n",[15,3265,3266],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3267,3268],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3269,3263],{"class":99},[20,3271,3272,3273,2623],{},"Why ",[15,3274,3275],{},"5.0",[209,3277,3278,3283,3289],{},[212,3279,3280,3281],{},"the real part is ",[15,3282,2848],{},[212,3284,3285,3286],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3287,3288],{},"4",[212,3290,3291,3292],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3293,3275],{},[20,3295,3296],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[209,3298,3299,3306],{},[212,3300,3301,3303,3304],{},[15,3302,2768],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3305,2976],{},[212,3307,3308],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[34,3310,3312],{"id":3311},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3314,3315,3316,134],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3317,2768],{},[1752,3319,3321],{"id":3320},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3323,3324],{},"A very common pattern is:",[39,3326,3328],{"className":41,"code":3327,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3329,3330],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3331,3332,3334,3336,3339,3341,3344],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3333,2802],{"class":147},[48,3335,151],{"class":62},[48,3337,3338],{"class":137},"a ",[48,3340,2807],{"class":58},[48,3342,3343],{"class":137}," b",[48,3345,162],{"class":62},[20,3347,226],{},[39,3349,3351],{"className":41,"code":3350,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3352,3353,3361,3371,3375,3394],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3354,3355,3357,3359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3356,3338],{"class":54},[48,3358,59],{"class":58},[48,3360,698],{"class":99},[48,3362,3363,3366,3368],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3364,3365],{"class":54},"b ",[48,3367,59],{"class":58},[48,3369,3370],{"class":99}," 10\n",[48,3372,3373],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,3374,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,3376,3377,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3390,3392],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,3378,3379],{"class":54},"distance ",[48,3381,59],{"class":58},[48,3383,3018],{"class":147},[48,3385,151],{"class":62},[48,3387,3338],{"class":137},[48,3389,2807],{"class":58},[48,3391,3343],{"class":137},[48,3393,162],{"class":62},[48,3395,3396,3398,3400,3403],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,3397,276],{"class":147},[48,3399,151],{"class":62},[48,3401,3402],{"class":137},"distance",[48,3404,162],{"class":62},[20,3406,168],{},[39,3408,3409],{"className":41,"code":2865,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,3410,3411],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3412,3413],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3414,2865],{"class":99},[20,3416,3417],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1752,3419,3421],{"id":3420},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[39,3423,3425],{"className":41,"code":3424,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3426,3427,3439],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3428,3429,3432,3434,3436],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3430,3431],{"class":54},"temperature_change ",[48,3433,59],{"class":58},[48,3435,3006],{"class":58},[48,3437,3438],{"class":99},"6\n",[48,3440,3441,3443,3445,3447,3449,3452],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3442,276],{"class":147},[48,3444,151],{"class":62},[48,3446,2802],{"class":147},[48,3448,151],{"class":62},[48,3450,3451],{"class":137},"temperature_change",[48,3453,670],{"class":62},[20,3455,168],{},[39,3457,3458],{"className":41,"code":3438,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,3459,3460],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3461,3462],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3463,3438],{"class":99},[20,3465,3466],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1752,3468,3470],{"id":3469},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3472,3473,3474,3087],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3475,2768],{},[39,3477,3479],{"className":41,"code":3478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3480,3481,3492,3508,3512],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3482,3483,3486,3488,3490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3484,3485],{"class":54},"balance_change ",[48,3487,59],{"class":58},[48,3489,3006],{"class":58},[48,3491,186],{"class":99},[48,3493,3494,3497,3499,3501,3503,3506],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3495,3496],{"class":54},"safe_value ",[48,3498,59],{"class":58},[48,3500,3018],{"class":147},[48,3502,151],{"class":62},[48,3504,3505],{"class":137},"balance_change",[48,3507,162],{"class":62},[48,3509,3510],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,3511,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,3513,3514,3516,3518,3521],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,3515,276],{"class":147},[48,3517,151],{"class":62},[48,3519,3520],{"class":137},"safe_value",[48,3522,162],{"class":62},[20,3524,168],{},[39,3526,3527],{"className":41,"code":186,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,3528,3529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3530,3531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3532,186],{"class":99},[1752,3534,3536],{"id":3535},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[39,3538,3540],{"className":41,"code":3539,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3541,3542,3552,3562,3566,3586],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3543,3544,3547,3549],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3545,3546],{"class":54},"guess ",[48,3548,59],{"class":58},[48,3550,3551],{"class":99}," 42\n",[48,3553,3554,3557,3559],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3555,3556],{"class":54},"target ",[48,3558,59],{"class":58},[48,3560,3561],{"class":99}," 50\n",[48,3563,3564],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,3565,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,3567,3568,3571,3573,3575,3577,3579,3581,3584],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,3569,3570],{"class":54},"difference ",[48,3572,59],{"class":58},[48,3574,3018],{"class":147},[48,3576,151],{"class":62},[48,3578,3546],{"class":137},[48,3580,2807],{"class":58},[48,3582,3583],{"class":137}," target",[48,3585,162],{"class":62},[48,3587,3588,3590,3592,3595],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,3589,276],{"class":147},[48,3591,151],{"class":62},[48,3593,3594],{"class":137},"difference",[48,3596,162],{"class":62},[20,3598,168],{},[39,3600,3601],{"className":41,"code":3165,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,3602,3603],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3604,3605],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3606,3165],{"class":99},[20,3608,3609],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[34,3611,1745],{"id":1744},[1752,3613,3615],{"id":3614},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3617,3618],{},"This causes an error:",[39,3620,3622],{"className":41,"code":3621,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3623,3624],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3625,3626,3628,3630,3632,3634,3636,3638,3640],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3627,276],{"class":147},[48,3629,151],{"class":62},[48,3631,2802],{"class":147},[48,3633,151],{"class":62},[48,3635,67],{"class":66},[48,3637,2921],{"class":70},[48,3639,67],{"class":66},[48,3641,670],{"class":62},[20,3643,3644,3647,3648,3650],{},[15,3645,3646],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3649,2768],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3652,3653,3654,352,3660,76],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[348,3655,3657],{"href":3656},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3658,3659],{},"int()",[348,3661,3663],{"href":3662},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3664,3665],{},"float()",[39,3667,3669],{"className":41,"code":3668,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3670,3671,3694],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3672,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681,3683,3685,3687,3689,3691],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3674,276],{"class":147},[48,3676,151],{"class":62},[48,3678,2802],{"class":147},[48,3680,151],{"class":62},[48,3682,2972],{"class":281},[48,3684,151],{"class":62},[48,3686,67],{"class":66},[48,3688,2921],{"class":70},[48,3690,67],{"class":66},[48,3692,3693],{"class":62},")))\n",[48,3695,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3713,3715],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3697,276],{"class":147},[48,3699,151],{"class":62},[48,3701,2802],{"class":147},[48,3703,151],{"class":62},[48,3705,2976],{"class":281},[48,3707,151],{"class":62},[48,3709,67],{"class":66},[48,3711,3712],{"class":70},"-3.2",[48,3714,67],{"class":66},[48,3716,3693],{"class":62},[20,3718,168],{},[39,3720,3722],{"className":41,"code":3721,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3723,3724,3729],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3725,3726],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3727,3728],{"class":99},"5\n",[48,3730,3731],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3732,3733],{"class":99},"3.2\n",[20,3735,3736,3737,3740,3741,134],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3738,3739],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[348,3742,3744],{"href":3743},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1752,3746,3748],{"id":3747},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3750,3751],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[39,3753,3755],{"className":41,"code":3754,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3756,3757],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3758,3759,3761,3763,3765,3768,3771,3773,3775,3777,3779],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3760,276],{"class":147},[48,3762,151],{"class":62},[48,3764,2802],{"class":147},[48,3766,3767],{"class":62},"([",[48,3769,3770],{"class":99},"1",[48,3772,87],{"class":62},[48,3774,632],{"class":99},[48,3776,87],{"class":62},[48,3778,800],{"class":99},[48,3780,3781],{"class":62},"]))\n",[20,3783,3784,3785,3788],{},"This raises a ",[15,3786,3787],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1752,3790,3792],{"id":3791},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3794,3795,3797],{},[15,3796,2768],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[39,3799,3801],{"className":41,"code":3800,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3802,3803,3815,3825,3829],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3804,3805,3808,3810,3812],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3806,3807],{"class":54},"x ",[48,3809,59],{"class":58},[48,3811,3006],{"class":58},[48,3813,3814],{"class":99},"9\n",[48,3816,3817,3819,3821,3823],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3818,2802],{"class":147},[48,3820,151],{"class":62},[48,3822,611],{"class":137},[48,3824,162],{"class":62},[48,3826,3827],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,3828,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,3830,3831,3833,3835,3837],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,3832,276],{"class":147},[48,3834,151],{"class":62},[48,3836,611],{"class":137},[48,3838,162],{"class":62},[20,3840,168],{},[39,3842,3844],{"className":41,"code":3843,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"-9\n",[15,3845,3846],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3847,3848,3850],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3849,2807],{"class":58},[48,3851,3814],{"class":99},[20,3853,3854],{},"If you want to store the result:",[39,3856,3858],{"className":41,"code":3857,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3859,3860,3870,3884,3888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3861,3862,3864,3866,3868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3863,3807],{"class":54},[48,3865,59],{"class":58},[48,3867,3006],{"class":58},[48,3869,3814],{"class":99},[48,3871,3872,3874,3876,3878,3880,3882],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,3873,3807],{"class":54},[48,3875,59],{"class":58},[48,3877,3018],{"class":147},[48,3879,151],{"class":62},[48,3881,611],{"class":137},[48,3883,162],{"class":62},[48,3885,3886],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,3887,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,3889,3890,3892,3894,3896],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,3891,276],{"class":147},[48,3893,151],{"class":62},[48,3895,611],{"class":137},[48,3897,162],{"class":62},[20,3899,168],{},[39,3901,3902],{"className":41,"code":3814,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,3903,3904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3905,3906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3907,3814],{"class":99},[1752,3909,3911],{"id":3910},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3913,3914,3916],{},[15,3915,2768],{}," does not round numbers.",[39,3918,3920],{"className":41,"code":3919,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3921,3922],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3923,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3937],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3925,276],{"class":147},[48,3927,151],{"class":62},[48,3929,2802],{"class":147},[48,3931,151],{"class":62},[48,3933,2807],{"class":58},[48,3935,3936],{"class":99},"4.7",[48,3938,670],{"class":62},[20,3940,168],{},[39,3942,3944],{"className":41,"code":3943,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4.7\n",[15,3945,3946],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3947,3948],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3949,3943],{"class":99},[20,3951,3952,3953,3955,3956,3958],{},"If you expected ",[15,3954,2921],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3957,2768],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[34,3960,3962],{"id":3961},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3964,3965,3967],{},[15,3966,2768],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[209,3969,3970,3977,3984],{},[212,3971,3972,3974,3975],{},[15,3973,2972],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3976,2972],{},[212,3978,3979,3981,3982],{},[15,3980,2976],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3983,2976],{},[212,3985,3986,3981,3988],{},[15,3987,2980],{},[15,3989,2976],{},[20,3991,226],{},[39,3993,3995],{"className":41,"code":3994,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3996,3997,4017,4038],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3998,3999,4001,4003,4005,4007,4009,4011,4013,4015],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4000,276],{"class":147},[48,4002,151],{"class":62},[48,4004,2094],{"class":281},[48,4006,151],{"class":62},[48,4008,2802],{"class":147},[48,4010,151],{"class":62},[48,4012,2807],{"class":58},[48,4014,2921],{"class":99},[48,4016,3693],{"class":62},[48,4018,4019,4021,4023,4025,4027,4029,4031,4033,4036],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4020,276],{"class":147},[48,4022,151],{"class":62},[48,4024,2094],{"class":281},[48,4026,151],{"class":62},[48,4028,2802],{"class":147},[48,4030,151],{"class":62},[48,4032,2807],{"class":58},[48,4034,4035],{"class":99},"3.2",[48,4037,3693],{"class":62},[48,4039,4040,4042,4044,4046,4048,4050,4052,4054,4056,4058,4060],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,4041,276],{"class":147},[48,4043,151],{"class":62},[48,4045,2094],{"class":281},[48,4047,151],{"class":62},[48,4049,2802],{"class":147},[48,4051,151],{"class":62},[48,4053,2848],{"class":99},[48,4055,3238],{"class":58},[48,4057,3241],{"class":99},[48,4059,2851],{"class":915},[48,4061,3693],{"class":62},[20,4063,168],{},[39,4065,4067],{"className":41,"code":4066,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,4068,4069,4083,4097],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4070,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4072,2168],{"class":58},[48,4074,2171],{"class":915},[48,4076,320],{"class":66},[48,4078,2972],{"class":70},[48,4080,311],{"class":66},[48,4082,2180],{"class":58},[48,4084,4085,4087,4089,4091,4093,4095],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4086,2168],{"class":58},[48,4088,2171],{"class":915},[48,4090,320],{"class":66},[48,4092,2976],{"class":70},[48,4094,311],{"class":66},[48,4096,2180],{"class":58},[48,4098,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,4100,2168],{"class":58},[48,4102,2171],{"class":915},[48,4104,320],{"class":66},[48,4106,2976],{"class":70},[48,4108,311],{"class":66},[48,4110,2180],{"class":58},[20,4112,4113],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,4115,4116],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,4118,4119],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[39,4121,4123],{"className":41,"code":4122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,4124,4125,4139,4149,4163,4167,4181],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4126,4127,4129,4131,4133,4136],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4128,3231],{"class":54},[48,4130,59],{"class":58},[48,4132,79],{"class":66},[48,4134,4135],{"class":70},"-5",[48,4137,4138],{"class":66},"\"\n",[48,4140,4141,4143,4145,4147],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4142,276],{"class":147},[48,4144,151],{"class":62},[48,4146,933],{"class":137},[48,4148,162],{"class":62},[48,4150,4151,4153,4155,4157,4159,4161],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,4152,276],{"class":147},[48,4154,151],{"class":62},[48,4156,2094],{"class":281},[48,4158,151],{"class":62},[48,4160,933],{"class":137},[48,4162,670],{"class":62},[48,4164,4165],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,4166,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,4168,4169,4172,4174,4176,4179],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,4170,4171],{"class":54},"user_input ",[48,4173,59],{"class":58},[48,4175,79],{"class":66},[48,4177,4178],{"class":70},"-3.7",[48,4180,4138],{"class":66},[48,4182,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193,4195,4198],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,4184,276],{"class":147},[48,4186,151],{"class":62},[48,4188,2802],{"class":147},[48,4190,151],{"class":62},[48,4192,2976],{"class":281},[48,4194,151],{"class":62},[48,4196,4197],{"class":137},"user_input",[48,4199,3693],{"class":62},[20,4201,168],{},[39,4203,4205],{"className":41,"code":4204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,4206,4207,4213,4228],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4208,4209,4211],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4210,2807],{"class":58},[48,4212,3728],{"class":99},[48,4214,4215,4217,4219,4221,4224,4226],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4216,2168],{"class":58},[48,4218,2171],{"class":915},[48,4220,320],{"class":66},[48,4222,4223],{"class":70},"str",[48,4225,311],{"class":66},[48,4227,2180],{"class":58},[48,4229,4230],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,4231,4232],{"class":99},"3.7\n",[34,4234,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,4236,4238],{"id":4237},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,4240,4241],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1752,4243,4245],{"id":4244},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,4247,4248],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1752,4250,4252],{"id":4251},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,4254,4255],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1752,4257,4259],{"id":4258},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,4261,4262,4264,4265,352,4267,4269,4270,134],{},[15,4263,3739],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,4266,3659],{},[15,4268,3665],{}," before using ",[15,4271,2768],{},[1752,4273,4275],{"id":4274},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4277,4278],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[34,4280,2679],{"id":2678},[209,4282,4283,4290,4296,4302,4307],{},[212,4284,4285],{},[348,4286,4287,4289],{"href":3656},[15,4288,3659],{}," function explained",[212,4291,4292],{},[348,4293,4294,4289],{"href":3662},[15,4295,3665],{},[212,4297,4298],{},[348,4299,4300,4289],{"href":3082},[15,4301,3085],{},[212,4303,4304],{},[348,4305,4306],{"href":3743},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[212,4308,4309],{},[348,4310,3204],{"href":3203},[2711,4312,4313],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":4315},[4316,4317,4318,4319,4320,4321,4327,4333,4334,4341],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":2883,"depth":106,"text":2884},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":3090,"depth":106,"text":3091},{"id":3207,"depth":106,"text":3208},{"id":3311,"depth":106,"text":3312,"children":4322},[4323,4324,4325,4326],{"id":3320,"depth":113,"text":3321},{"id":3420,"depth":113,"text":3421},{"id":3469,"depth":113,"text":3470},{"id":3535,"depth":113,"text":3536},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":4328},[4329,4330,4331,4332],{"id":3614,"depth":113,"text":3615},{"id":3747,"depth":113,"text":3748},{"id":3791,"depth":113,"text":3792},{"id":3910,"depth":113,"text":3911},{"id":3961,"depth":106,"text":3962},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":4335},[4336,4337,4338,4339,4340],{"id":4237,"depth":113,"text":4238},{"id":4244,"depth":113,"text":4245},{"id":4251,"depth":113,"text":4252},{"id":4258,"depth":113,"text":4259},{"id":4274,"depth":113,"text":4275},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2758,"description":4342},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4349,"title":4350,"body":4351,"description":6049,"extension":2749,"meta":6050,"navigation":109,"path":6051,"seo":6052,"stem":6053,"__hash__":6054},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4352,"toc":6013},[4353,4361,4367,4370,4387,4391,4447,4457,4462,4466,4485,4488,4505,4508,4512,4520,4537,4540,4580,4583,4590,4596,4671,4673,4704,4710,4714,4718,4757,4759,4768,4775,4779,4818,4820,4829,4839,4843,4897,4899,4907,4910,4913,4960,4962,4970,4976,4983,4988,4991,4994,5060,5062,5070,5073,5140,5142,5150,5164,5167,5179,5183,5189,5192,5194,5210,5212,5220,5223,5226,5229,5246,5249,5252,5282,5284,5297,5301,5305,5308,5323,5328,5331,5358,5365,5368,5408,5415,5421,5429,5432,5483,5490,5554,5559,5568,5571,5589,5595,5598,5740,5745,5750,5753,5764,5767,5821,5823,5831,5834,5891,5893,5901,5904,5915,5917,5923,5932,5941,5944,5951,5954,5963,5976,5978,6010],[10,4354,4356,4357,4360],{"id":4355},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,4358,4359],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,4362,4363,4364,4366],{},"Python’s ",[15,4365,4359],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4368,4369],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[209,4371,4372,4375,4378],{},[212,4373,4374],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[212,4376,4377],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[212,4379,4380,3181,4383,4386],{},[15,4381,4382],{},"all([])",[15,4384,4385],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[34,4388,4390],{"id":4389},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[39,4392,4394],{"className":41,"code":4393,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4395,4396,4417,4432],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4397,4398,4400,4402,4405,4407,4409,4411,4413,4415],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4399,2232],{"class":54},[48,4401,59],{"class":58},[48,4403,4404],{"class":62}," [",[48,4406,3770],{"class":99},[48,4408,87],{"class":62},[48,4410,632],{"class":99},[48,4412,87],{"class":62},[48,4414,800],{"class":99},[48,4416,1465],{"class":62},[48,4418,4419,4421,4423,4426,4428,4430],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4420,449],{"class":54},[48,4422,59],{"class":58},[48,4424,4425],{"class":147}," all",[48,4427,151],{"class":62},[48,4429,2411],{"class":137},[48,4431,162],{"class":62},[48,4433,4434,4436,4438,4440,4443],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,4435,276],{"class":147},[48,4437,151],{"class":62},[48,4439,474],{"class":137},[48,4441,4442],{"class":62},")",[48,4444,4446],{"class":4445},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,4448,4449,3181,4451,4453,4454,134],{},[15,4450,4359],{},[15,4452,4385],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4455,4456],{},"False",[34,4458,196,4460,199],{"id":4459},"what-all-does",[15,4461,4359],{},[20,4463,4464,76],{},[15,4465,4359],{},[209,4467,4468,4471,4477,4482],{},[212,4469,4470],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[212,4472,4473,4474,4476],{},"returns ",[15,4475,4385],{}," if all items are truthy",[212,4478,4473,4479,4481],{},[15,4480,4456],{}," if any item is falsy",[212,4483,4484],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4486,4487],{},"Basic syntax:",[39,4489,4491],{"className":41,"code":4490,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4492,4493],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4494,4495,4498,4500,4503],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4496,4497],{"class":147},"all",[48,4499,151],{"class":62},[48,4501,4502],{"class":137},"iterable",[48,4504,162],{"class":62},[20,4506,4507],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[34,4509,4511],{"id":4510},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4513,4514,4515,352,4517,4519],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4516,4385],{},[15,4518,4456],{}," in conditions.",[209,4521,4522,4530],{},[212,4523,4524,4527,4528],{},[166,4525,4526],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4529,4385],{},[212,4531,4532,4527,4535],{},[166,4533,4534],{},"Falsy",[15,4536,4456],{},[20,4538,4539],{},"Common falsy values include:",[209,4541,4542,4546,4551,4556,4561,4565,4570,4575],{},[212,4543,4544],{},[15,4545,2904],{},[212,4547,4548],{},[15,4549,4550],{},"0.0",[212,4552,4553],{},[15,4554,4555],{},"''",[212,4557,4558],{},[15,4559,4560],{},"None",[212,4562,4563],{},[15,4564,4456],{},[212,4566,4567],{},[15,4568,4569],{},"[]",[212,4571,4572],{},[15,4573,4574],{},"{}",[212,4576,4577],{},[15,4578,4579],{},"set()",[20,4581,4582],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4584,4585,4586,134],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[348,4587,4589],{"href":4588},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4591,4592,4593,76],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4594,4595],{},"bool()",[39,4597,4599],{"className":41,"code":4598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4600,4601,4638,4642],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4602,4603,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4617,4619,4622,4624,4626,4629,4631,4633,4636],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4604,4605],{"class":54},"values ",[48,4607,59],{"class":58},[48,4609,4404],{"class":62},[48,4611,3770],{"class":99},[48,4613,87],{"class":62},[48,4615,4616],{"class":99}," 0",[48,4618,87],{"class":62},[48,4620,4621],{"class":66}," ''",[48,4623,87],{"class":62},[48,4625,320],{"class":66},[48,4627,4628],{"class":70},"hello",[48,4630,311],{"class":66},[48,4632,87],{"class":62},[48,4634,4635],{"class":1642}," None",[48,4637,1465],{"class":62},[48,4639,4640],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4641,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,4643,4644,4646,4648,4651,4653,4655,4657,4660,4663,4665,4668],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,4645,276],{"class":147},[48,4647,3767],{"class":62},[48,4649,4650],{"class":281},"bool",[48,4652,151],{"class":62},[48,4654,611],{"class":137},[48,4656,4442],{"class":62},[48,4658,4659],{"class":116}," for",[48,4661,4662],{"class":137}," x ",[48,4664,128],{"class":116},[48,4666,4667],{"class":137}," values",[48,4669,4670],{"class":62},"])\n",[20,4672,168],{},[39,4674,4676],{"className":41,"code":4675,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4677,4678],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4679,4680,4682,4684,4686,4689,4691,4693,4695,4698,4700,4702],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4681,682],{"class":62},[48,4683,4385],{"class":1642},[48,4685,87],{"class":62},[48,4687,4688],{"class":1642}," False",[48,4690,87],{"class":62},[48,4692,4688],{"class":1642},[48,4694,87],{"class":62},[48,4696,4697],{"class":1642}," True",[48,4699,87],{"class":62},[48,4701,4688],{"class":1642},[48,4703,1465],{"class":62},[20,4705,4706,4707,4709],{},"This matters because ",[15,4708,4359],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[34,4711,4713],{"id":4712},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1752,4715,4717],{"id":4716},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[39,4719,4721],{"className":41,"code":4720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4722,4723,4743],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4724,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739,4741],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4726,2232],{"class":54},[48,4728,59],{"class":58},[48,4730,4404],{"class":62},[48,4732,3770],{"class":99},[48,4734,87],{"class":62},[48,4736,632],{"class":99},[48,4738,87],{"class":62},[48,4740,800],{"class":99},[48,4742,1465],{"class":62},[48,4744,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4755],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4746,276],{"class":147},[48,4748,151],{"class":62},[48,4750,4497],{"class":147},[48,4752,151],{"class":62},[48,4754,2411],{"class":137},[48,4756,670],{"class":62},[20,4758,168],{},[39,4760,4762],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\n",[15,4763,4764],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4765,4766],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4767,4761],{"class":1642},[20,4769,4770,4771,3181,4773,134],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4772,4359],{},[15,4774,4385],{},[1752,4776,4778],{"id":4777},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[39,4780,4782],{"className":41,"code":4781,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4783,4784,4804],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4785,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4787,2232],{"class":54},[48,4789,59],{"class":58},[48,4791,4404],{"class":62},[48,4793,3770],{"class":99},[48,4795,87],{"class":62},[48,4797,4616],{"class":99},[48,4799,87],{"class":62},[48,4801,800],{"class":99},[48,4803,1465],{"class":62},[48,4805,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4807,276],{"class":147},[48,4809,151],{"class":62},[48,4811,4497],{"class":147},[48,4813,151],{"class":62},[48,4815,2411],{"class":137},[48,4817,670],{"class":62},[20,4819,168],{},[39,4821,4823],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\n",[15,4824,4825],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4826,4827],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4828,4822],{"class":1642},[20,4830,4831,4832,4834,4835,3181,4837,134],{},"The value ",[15,4833,2904],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4836,4359],{},[15,4838,4456],{},[1752,4840,4842],{"id":4841},"example-strings","Example: strings",[39,4844,4846],{"className":41,"code":4845,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4847,4848,4882],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4849,4850,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873,4875,4878,4880],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4851,4852],{"class":54},"words ",[48,4854,59],{"class":58},[48,4856,4404],{"class":62},[48,4858,311],{"class":66},[48,4860,1128],{"class":70},[48,4862,311],{"class":66},[48,4864,87],{"class":62},[48,4866,320],{"class":66},[48,4868,1146],{"class":70},[48,4870,311],{"class":66},[48,4872,87],{"class":62},[48,4874,320],{"class":66},[48,4876,4877],{"class":70},"cherry",[48,4879,311],{"class":66},[48,4881,1465],{"class":62},[48,4883,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4895],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4885,276],{"class":147},[48,4887,151],{"class":62},[48,4889,4497],{"class":147},[48,4891,151],{"class":62},[48,4893,4894],{"class":137},"words",[48,4896,670],{"class":62},[20,4898,168],{},[39,4900,4901],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,4902,4903],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4904,4905],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4906,4761],{"class":1642},[20,4908,4909],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4911,4912],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[39,4914,4916],{"className":41,"code":4915,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4917,4918,4946],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4919,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940,4942,4944],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4921,4852],{"class":54},[48,4923,59],{"class":58},[48,4925,4404],{"class":62},[48,4927,311],{"class":66},[48,4929,1128],{"class":70},[48,4931,311],{"class":66},[48,4933,87],{"class":62},[48,4935,4621],{"class":66},[48,4937,87],{"class":62},[48,4939,320],{"class":66},[48,4941,4877],{"class":70},[48,4943,311],{"class":66},[48,4945,1465],{"class":62},[48,4947,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,4949,276],{"class":147},[48,4951,151],{"class":62},[48,4953,4497],{"class":147},[48,4955,151],{"class":62},[48,4957,4894],{"class":137},[48,4959,670],{"class":62},[20,4961,168],{},[39,4963,4964],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,4965,4966],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4967,4968],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4969,4822],{"class":1642},[20,4971,4972,4973,4975],{},"The empty string ",[15,4974,4555],{}," is falsy.",[34,4977,4979,4980,4982],{"id":4978},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4981,4359],{}," works with conditions",[20,4984,4985,4987],{},[15,4986,4359],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4989,4990],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4992,4993],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[39,4995,4997],{"className":41,"code":4996,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4998,4999,5019,5046,5050],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5000,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015,5017],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5002,2232],{"class":54},[48,5004,59],{"class":58},[48,5006,4404],{"class":62},[48,5008,3770],{"class":99},[48,5010,87],{"class":62},[48,5012,632],{"class":99},[48,5014,87],{"class":62},[48,5016,800],{"class":99},[48,5018,1465],{"class":62},[48,5020,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5022,449],{"class":54},[48,5024,59],{"class":58},[48,5026,4425],{"class":147},[48,5028,151],{"class":62},[48,5030,3807],{"class":137},[48,5032,5033],{"class":58},">",[48,5035,4616],{"class":99},[48,5037,4659],{"class":116},[48,5039,4662],{"class":137},[48,5041,128],{"class":116},[48,5043,2292],{"class":137},[48,5045,162],{"class":62},[48,5047,5048],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,5049,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,5051,5052,5054,5056,5058],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,5053,276],{"class":147},[48,5055,151],{"class":62},[48,5057,474],{"class":137},[48,5059,162],{"class":62},[20,5061,168],{},[39,5063,5064],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5065,5066],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5067,5068],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5069,4761],{"class":1642},[20,5071,5072],{},"Here is one that fails:",[39,5074,5076],{"className":41,"code":5075,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,5077,5078,5100,5126,5130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5079,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5081,2232],{"class":54},[48,5083,59],{"class":58},[48,5085,4404],{"class":62},[48,5087,3770],{"class":99},[48,5089,87],{"class":62},[48,5091,3006],{"class":58},[48,5093,2842],{"class":99},[48,5095,87],{"class":62},[48,5097,800],{"class":99},[48,5099,1465],{"class":62},[48,5101,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120,5122,5124],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5103,449],{"class":54},[48,5105,59],{"class":58},[48,5107,4425],{"class":147},[48,5109,151],{"class":62},[48,5111,3807],{"class":137},[48,5113,5033],{"class":58},[48,5115,4616],{"class":99},[48,5117,4659],{"class":116},[48,5119,4662],{"class":137},[48,5121,128],{"class":116},[48,5123,2292],{"class":137},[48,5125,162],{"class":62},[48,5127,5128],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,5129,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,5131,5132,5134,5136,5138],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,5133,276],{"class":147},[48,5135,151],{"class":62},[48,5137,474],{"class":137},[48,5139,162],{"class":62},[20,5141,168],{},[39,5143,5144],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5145,5146],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5147,5148],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5149,4822],{"class":1642},[20,5151,5152,5153,5156,5157,5159,5160,3181,5162,134],{},"The expression ",[15,5154,5155],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,5158,4385],{},", then ",[15,5161,4359],{},[15,5163,4385],{},[20,5165,5166],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,5168,5169,5170,5174,5175,134],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[348,5171,5173],{"href":5172},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[348,5176,5178],{"href":5177},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[34,5180,5182],{"id":5181},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,5184,5185,3181,5187,134],{},[15,5186,4382],{},[15,5188,4385],{},[20,5190,5191],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,5193,226],{},[39,5195,5197],{"className":41,"code":5196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([]))\n",[15,5198,5199],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5200,5201,5203,5205,5207],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5202,276],{"class":147},[48,5204,151],{"class":62},[48,5206,4497],{"class":147},[48,5208,5209],{"class":62},"([]))\n",[20,5211,168],{},[39,5213,5214],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5215,5216],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5217,5218],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5219,4761],{"class":1642},[20,5221,5222],{},"Why?",[20,5224,5225],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,5227,5228],{},"Think of it this way:",[209,5230,5231,5238,5241],{},[212,5232,5233,3181,5235,5237],{},[15,5234,4359],{},[15,5236,4456],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[212,5239,5240],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[212,5242,5243,5244],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,5245,4456],{},[20,5247,5248],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,5250,5251],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[39,5253,5255],{"className":41,"code":5254,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,5256,5257,5268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5258,5259,5261,5263,5265],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5260,276],{"class":147},[48,5262,151],{"class":62},[48,5264,4497],{"class":147},[48,5266,5267],{"class":62},"(()))\n",[48,5269,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5271,276],{"class":147},[48,5273,151],{"class":62},[48,5275,4497],{"class":147},[48,5277,151],{"class":62},[48,5279,4555],{"class":66},[48,5281,670],{"class":62},[20,5283,168],{},[39,5285,5287],{"className":41,"code":5286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5288,5289,5293],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5290,5291],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5292,4761],{"class":1642},[48,5294,5295],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5296,4761],{"class":1642},[34,5298,5300],{"id":5299},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1752,5302,5304],{"id":5303},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5306,5307],{},"This is wrong:",[39,5309,5311],{"className":41,"code":5310,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5312,5313,5318],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5314,5315],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5316,5317],{"class":4445},"# Wrong\n",[48,5319,5320],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5321,5322],{"class":4445},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5324,5325,5327],{},[15,5326,4359],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5329,5330],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[39,5332,5334],{"className":41,"code":5333,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5335,5336],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5337,5338,5340,5342,5344,5346,5348,5350,5352,5354,5356],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5339,276],{"class":147},[48,5341,151],{"class":62},[48,5343,4497],{"class":147},[48,5345,3767],{"class":62},[48,5347,3770],{"class":99},[48,5349,87],{"class":62},[48,5351,632],{"class":99},[48,5353,87],{"class":62},[48,5355,800],{"class":99},[48,5357,3781],{"class":62},[1752,5359,5361,5362,5364],{"id":5360},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5363,4359],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5366,5367],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[39,5369,5371],{"className":41,"code":5370,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5372,5373,5394],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5374,5375,5377,5379,5381,5383,5385,5388,5390,5392],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5376,2232],{"class":54},[48,5378,59],{"class":58},[48,5380,4404],{"class":62},[48,5382,2921],{"class":99},[48,5384,87],{"class":62},[48,5386,5387],{"class":99}," 5",[48,5389,87],{"class":62},[48,5391,5387],{"class":99},[48,5393,1465],{"class":62},[48,5395,5396,5398,5400,5402,5404,5406],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5397,276],{"class":147},[48,5399,151],{"class":62},[48,5401,4497],{"class":147},[48,5403,151],{"class":62},[48,5405,2411],{"class":137},[48,5407,670],{"class":62},[20,5409,5410,5411,5414],{},"This does ",[166,5412,5413],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5416,5417,5418,5420],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5419,2921],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[39,5422,5423],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5424,5425],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5426,5427],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5428,4761],{"class":1642},[20,5430,5431],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[39,5433,5435],{"className":41,"code":5434,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5436,5437,5457],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5438,5439,5441,5443,5445,5447,5449,5451,5453,5455],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5440,2232],{"class":54},[48,5442,59],{"class":58},[48,5444,4404],{"class":62},[48,5446,2921],{"class":99},[48,5448,87],{"class":62},[48,5450,5387],{"class":99},[48,5452,87],{"class":62},[48,5454,5387],{"class":99},[48,5456,1465],{"class":62},[48,5458,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479,5481],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5460,276],{"class":147},[48,5462,151],{"class":62},[48,5464,4497],{"class":147},[48,5466,151],{"class":62},[48,5468,3807],{"class":137},[48,5470,2308],{"class":58},[48,5472,5387],{"class":99},[48,5474,4659],{"class":116},[48,5476,4662],{"class":137},[48,5478,128],{"class":116},[48,5480,2292],{"class":137},[48,5482,670],{"class":62},[1752,5484,5486,5487,5489],{"id":5485},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5488,2904],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[39,5491,5493],{"className":41,"code":5492,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5494,5495,5521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5496,5497,5499,5501,5503,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515,5518],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5498,276],{"class":147},[48,5500,151],{"class":62},[48,5502,4497],{"class":147},[48,5504,3767],{"class":62},[48,5506,3770],{"class":99},[48,5508,87],{"class":62},[48,5510,632],{"class":99},[48,5512,87],{"class":62},[48,5514,4616],{"class":99},[48,5516,5517],{"class":62},"]))",[48,5519,5520],{"class":4445},"       # False\n",[48,5522,5523,5525,5527,5529,5531,5533,5535,5537,5539,5541,5543,5545,5547,5549,5551],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5524,276],{"class":147},[48,5526,151],{"class":62},[48,5528,4497],{"class":147},[48,5530,3767],{"class":62},[48,5532,311],{"class":66},[48,5534,348],{"class":70},[48,5536,311],{"class":66},[48,5538,87],{"class":62},[48,5540,320],{"class":66},[48,5542,2059],{"class":70},[48,5544,311],{"class":66},[48,5546,87],{"class":62},[48,5548,4621],{"class":66},[48,5550,5517],{"class":62},[48,5552,5553],{"class":4445},"  # False\n",[20,5555,5556,5557,134],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5558,4456],{},[1752,5560,5562,5563,5565,5566],{"id":5561},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5564,4382],{}," is ",[15,5567,4385],{},[20,5569,5570],{},"This is expected behavior:",[39,5572,5574],{"className":41,"code":5573,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5575,5576],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5577,5578,5580,5582,5584,5587],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5579,276],{"class":147},[48,5581,151],{"class":62},[48,5583,4497],{"class":147},[48,5585,5586],{"class":62},"([]))",[48,5588,4446],{"class":4445},[20,5590,5591,5592,5594],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5593,4385],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5596,5597],{},"Useful quick tests:",[39,5599,5601],{"className":41,"code":5600,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5602,5603,5625,5647,5694,5730],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5604,5605,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5606,276],{"class":147},[48,5608,151],{"class":62},[48,5610,4497],{"class":147},[48,5612,3767],{"class":62},[48,5614,3770],{"class":99},[48,5616,87],{"class":62},[48,5618,632],{"class":99},[48,5620,87],{"class":62},[48,5622,800],{"class":99},[48,5624,3781],{"class":62},[48,5626,5627,5629,5631,5633,5635,5637,5639,5641,5643,5645],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5628,276],{"class":147},[48,5630,151],{"class":62},[48,5632,4497],{"class":147},[48,5634,3767],{"class":62},[48,5636,3770],{"class":99},[48,5638,87],{"class":62},[48,5640,4616],{"class":99},[48,5642,87],{"class":62},[48,5644,800],{"class":99},[48,5646,3781],{"class":62},[48,5648,5649,5651,5653,5655,5657,5659,5661,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687,5689,5691],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,5650,276],{"class":147},[48,5652,3767],{"class":62},[48,5654,4650],{"class":281},[48,5656,151],{"class":62},[48,5658,611],{"class":137},[48,5660,4442],{"class":62},[48,5662,4659],{"class":116},[48,5664,4662],{"class":137},[48,5666,128],{"class":116},[48,5668,4404],{"class":62},[48,5670,3770],{"class":99},[48,5672,87],{"class":62},[48,5674,4616],{"class":99},[48,5676,87],{"class":62},[48,5678,4621],{"class":66},[48,5680,87],{"class":62},[48,5682,320],{"class":66},[48,5684,4628],{"class":70},[48,5686,311],{"class":66},[48,5688,87],{"class":62},[48,5690,4635],{"class":1642},[48,5692,5693],{"class":62},"]])\n",[48,5695,5696,5698,5700,5702,5704,5706,5708,5710,5712,5714,5716,5718,5720,5722,5724,5726,5728],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,5697,276],{"class":147},[48,5699,151],{"class":62},[48,5701,4497],{"class":147},[48,5703,151],{"class":62},[48,5705,3807],{"class":137},[48,5707,5033],{"class":58},[48,5709,4616],{"class":99},[48,5711,4659],{"class":116},[48,5713,4662],{"class":137},[48,5715,128],{"class":116},[48,5717,4404],{"class":62},[48,5719,3770],{"class":99},[48,5721,87],{"class":62},[48,5723,632],{"class":99},[48,5725,87],{"class":62},[48,5727,800],{"class":99},[48,5729,3781],{"class":62},[48,5731,5732,5734,5736,5738],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,5733,276],{"class":147},[48,5735,151],{"class":62},[48,5737,4497],{"class":147},[48,5739,5209],{"class":62},[34,5741,1545,5743],{"id":5742},"when-to-use-all",[15,5744,4359],{},[20,5746,5747,5749],{},[15,5748,4359],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5751,5752],{},"Common use cases:",[209,5754,5755,5758,5761],{},[212,5756,5757],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[212,5759,5760],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[212,5762,5763],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5765,5766],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[39,5768,5770],{"className":41,"code":5769,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5771,5772,5806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5773,5774,5777,5779,5781,5783,5785,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5799,5802,5804],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5775,5776],{"class":54},"names ",[48,5778,59],{"class":58},[48,5780,4404],{"class":62},[48,5782,311],{"class":66},[48,5784,417],{"class":70},[48,5786,311],{"class":66},[48,5788,87],{"class":62},[48,5790,320],{"class":66},[48,5792,431],{"class":70},[48,5794,311],{"class":66},[48,5796,87],{"class":62},[48,5798,320],{"class":66},[48,5800,5801],{"class":70},"Charlie",[48,5803,311],{"class":66},[48,5805,1465],{"class":62},[48,5807,5808,5810,5812,5814,5816,5819],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5809,276],{"class":147},[48,5811,151],{"class":62},[48,5813,4497],{"class":147},[48,5815,151],{"class":62},[48,5817,5818],{"class":137},"names",[48,5820,670],{"class":62},[20,5822,168],{},[39,5824,5825],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5826,5827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5828,5829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5830,4761],{"class":1642},[20,5832,5833],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[39,5835,5837],{"className":41,"code":5836,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5838,5839,5862],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5840,5841,5843,5845,5847,5850,5852,5855,5857,5860],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5842,408],{"class":54},[48,5844,59],{"class":58},[48,5846,4404],{"class":62},[48,5848,5849],{"class":99},"75",[48,5851,87],{"class":62},[48,5853,5854],{"class":99}," 80",[48,5856,87],{"class":62},[48,5858,5859],{"class":99}," 50",[48,5861,1465],{"class":62},[48,5863,5864,5866,5868,5870,5872,5875,5878,5880,5882,5885,5887,5889],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,5865,276],{"class":147},[48,5867,151],{"class":62},[48,5869,4497],{"class":147},[48,5871,151],{"class":62},[48,5873,5874],{"class":137},"score ",[48,5876,5877],{"class":58},">=",[48,5879,5859],{"class":99},[48,5881,4659],{"class":116},[48,5883,5884],{"class":137}," score ",[48,5886,128],{"class":116},[48,5888,454],{"class":137},[48,5890,670],{"class":62},[20,5892,168],{},[39,5894,5895],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5896,5897],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5898,5899],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5900,4761],{"class":1642},[20,5902,5903],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5905,5906,5907,5174,5911,134],{},"For related tasks, see ",[348,5908,5910],{"href":5909},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[348,5912,5914],{"href":5913},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[34,5916,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,5918,5920,5921,2596],{"id":5919},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5922,4359],{},[20,5924,5925,5926,5928,5929,5931],{},"It returns ",[15,5927,4385],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5930,4456],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1752,5933,5935,5936,5938,5939,2623],{"id":5934},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5937,4382],{}," return ",[15,5940,4385],{},[20,5942,5943],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1752,5945,5947,5948,5950],{"id":5946},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5949,4359],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5952,5953],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1752,5955,5957,5958,5174,5960,2623],{"id":5956},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5959,4359],{},[15,5961,5962],{},"any()",[20,5964,5965,5967,5968,5970,5971,134],{},[15,5966,4359],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5969,5962],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[348,5972,4356,5974,4289],{"href":5973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5975,5962],{},[34,5977,2679],{"id":2678},[209,5979,5980,5986,5990,5995,6000,6005],{},[212,5981,5982],{},[348,5983,4356,5984,4289],{"href":5973},[15,5985,5962],{},[212,5987,5988],{},[348,5989,4589],{"href":4588},[212,5991,5992],{},[348,5993,5994],{"href":5913},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[212,5996,5997],{},[348,5998,5999],{"href":5909},"How to filter a list in Python",[212,6001,6002],{},[348,6003,6004],{"href":5172},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[212,6006,6007],{},[348,6008,6009],{"href":5177},"What is an iterable in Python",[2711,6011,6012],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":6014},[6015,6016,6018,6019,6024,6026,6027,6036,6038,6048],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":4459,"depth":106,"text":6017},"What all() does",{"id":4510,"depth":106,"text":4511},{"id":4712,"depth":106,"text":4713,"children":6020},[6021,6022,6023],{"id":4716,"depth":113,"text":4717},{"id":4777,"depth":113,"text":4778},{"id":4841,"depth":113,"text":4842},{"id":4978,"depth":106,"text":6025},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":5181,"depth":106,"text":5182},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":6028},[6029,6030,6032,6034],{"id":5303,"depth":113,"text":5304},{"id":5360,"depth":113,"text":6031},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5485,"depth":113,"text":6033},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5561,"depth":113,"text":6035},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5742,"depth":106,"text":6037},"When to use all()",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":6039},[6040,6042,6044,6046],{"id":5919,"depth":113,"text":6041},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5934,"depth":113,"text":6043},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5946,"depth":113,"text":6045},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5956,"depth":113,"text":6047},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4350,"description":6049},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":6056,"title":6057,"body":6058,"description":7737,"extension":2749,"meta":7738,"navigation":109,"path":5973,"seo":7739,"stem":7740,"__hash__":7741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6059,"toc":7715},[6060,6063,6071,6074,6091,6099,6142,6151,6155,6160,6163,6180,6183,6194,6206,6210,6212,6227,6232,6235,6247,6250,6334,6337,6358,6364,6366,6374,6388,6390,6424,6426,6429,6490,6492,6509,6512,6539,6541,6549,6561,6565,6568,6607,6609,6617,6619,6635,6643,6646,6689,6691,6699,6704,6708,6716,6719,6744,6747,6750,6823,6825,6833,6840,6864,6875,6878,6957,6959,6967,6974,6978,6983,6998,7000,7008,7011,7017,7020,7065,7067,7084,7088,7093,7104,7107,7217,7220,7279,7284,7286,7291,7295,7297,7316,7322,7325,7344,7348,7357,7384,7386,7394,7402,7406,7412,7435,7437,7445,7452,7456,7458,7509,7512,7563,7566,7568,7572,7579,7583,7590,7594,7602,7606,7609,7631,7633,7683,7685,7712],[10,6061,6057],{"id":6062},"python-any-function-explained",[20,6064,6065,6067,6068,134],{},[15,6066,5962],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[166,6069,6070],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,6072,6073],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[209,6075,6076,6079,6082,6085,6088],{},[212,6077,6078],{},"lists",[212,6080,6081],{},"tuples",[212,6083,6084],{},"sets",[212,6086,6087],{},"strings",[212,6089,6090],{},"generator expressions",[20,6092,6093,6094,352,6096,6098],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,6095,4385],{},[15,6097,4456],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[39,6100,6102],{"className":41,"code":6101,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,6103,6104,6124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6105,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6107,4605],{"class":54},[48,6109,59],{"class":58},[48,6111,4404],{"class":62},[48,6113,2904],{"class":99},[48,6115,87],{"class":62},[48,6117,4621],{"class":66},[48,6119,87],{"class":62},[48,6121,5387],{"class":99},[48,6123,1465],{"class":62},[48,6125,6126,6128,6130,6133,6135,6137,6140],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6127,276],{"class":147},[48,6129,151],{"class":62},[48,6131,6132],{"class":147},"any",[48,6134,151],{"class":62},[48,6136,1415],{"class":137},[48,6138,6139],{"class":62},"))",[48,6141,4446],{"class":4445},[20,6143,189,6144,6147,6148,6150],{},[15,6145,6146],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,6149,4385],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[34,6152,6154],{"id":6153},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,6156,6157,6159],{},[15,6158,5962],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,6161,6162],{},"It returns:",[209,6164,6165,6170,6175],{},[212,6166,6167,6169],{},[15,6168,4385],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[212,6171,6172,6174],{},[15,6173,4456],{}," if all items are falsy",[212,6176,6177,6179],{},[15,6178,4456],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,6181,6182],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[209,6184,6185,6188,6191],{},[212,6186,6187],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[212,6189,6190],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[212,6192,6193],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,6195,6196,6197,6200,6201,134],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[166,6198,6199],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[348,6202,6204],{"href":6203},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,6205,4359],{},[34,6207,6209],{"id":6208},"syntax","Syntax",[20,6211,363],{},[39,6213,6215],{"className":41,"code":6214,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"any(iterable)\n",[15,6216,6217],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6218,6219,6221,6223,6225],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6220,6132],{"class":147},[48,6222,151],{"class":62},[48,6224,4502],{"class":137},[48,6226,162],{"class":62},[20,6228,6229,6230,134],{},"The argument must be an ",[166,6231,4502],{},[20,6233,6234],{},"Common inputs include:",[209,6236,6237,6239,6241,6243,6245],{},[212,6238,6078],{},[212,6240,6081],{},[212,6242,6084],{},[212,6244,6087],{},[212,6246,6090],{},[20,6248,6249],{},"For example:",[39,6251,6253],{"className":41,"code":6252,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,6254,6255,6277,6296,6316],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6256,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271,6273,6275],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6258,276],{"class":147},[48,6260,151],{"class":62},[48,6262,6132],{"class":147},[48,6264,3767],{"class":62},[48,6266,2904],{"class":99},[48,6268,87],{"class":62},[48,6270,4616],{"class":99},[48,6272,87],{"class":62},[48,6274,618],{"class":99},[48,6276,3781],{"class":62},[48,6278,6279,6281,6283,6285,6288,6290,6292,6294],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6280,276],{"class":147},[48,6282,151],{"class":62},[48,6284,6132],{"class":147},[48,6286,6287],{"class":62},"((",[48,6289,4456],{"class":1642},[48,6291,87],{"class":62},[48,6293,4688],{"class":1642},[48,6295,3693],{"class":62},[48,6297,6298,6300,6302,6304,6307,6309,6311,6313],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,6299,276],{"class":147},[48,6301,151],{"class":62},[48,6303,6132],{"class":147},[48,6305,6306],{"class":62},"({",[48,6308,2904],{"class":99},[48,6310,87],{"class":62},[48,6312,632],{"class":99},[48,6314,6315],{"class":62},"}))\n",[48,6317,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328,6330,6332],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,6319,276],{"class":147},[48,6321,151],{"class":62},[48,6323,6132],{"class":147},[48,6325,151],{"class":62},[48,6327,67],{"class":66},[48,6329,4628],{"class":70},[48,6331,67],{"class":66},[48,6333,670],{"class":62},[20,6335,6336],{},"Expected output:",[39,6338,6340],{"className":41,"code":6339,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6341,6342,6346,6350,6354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6343,6344],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6345,4761],{"class":1642},[48,6347,6348],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6349,4822],{"class":1642},[48,6351,6352],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,6353,4761],{"class":1642},[48,6355,6356],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,6357,4761],{"class":1642},[20,6359,6360,6361,134],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[348,6362,5914],{"href":6363},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[34,6365,4511],{"id":4510},[20,6367,4514,6368,352,6371,4519],{},[166,6369,6370],{},"truthy",[166,6372,6373],{},"falsy",[209,6375,6376,6382],{},[212,6377,6378,4527,6380],{},[166,6379,4526],{},[15,6381,4385],{},[212,6383,6384,4527,6386],{},[166,6385,4534],{},[15,6387,4456],{},[20,6389,4539],{},[209,6391,6392,6396,6400,6404,6408,6412,6416,6420],{},[212,6393,6394],{},[15,6395,4456],{},[212,6397,6398],{},[15,6399,2904],{},[212,6401,6402],{},[15,6403,4550],{},[212,6405,6406],{},[15,6407,4555],{},[212,6409,6410],{},[15,6411,4569],{},[212,6413,6414],{},[15,6415,4574],{},[212,6417,6418],{},[15,6419,4579],{},[212,6421,6422],{},[15,6423,4560],{},[20,6425,4582],{},[20,6427,6428],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[39,6430,6432],{"className":41,"code":6431,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6433,6434,6448,6466],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6435,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6437,276],{"class":147},[48,6439,151],{"class":62},[48,6441,6132],{"class":147},[48,6443,3767],{"class":62},[48,6445,3770],{"class":99},[48,6447,3781],{"class":62},[48,6449,6450,6452,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6451,276],{"class":147},[48,6453,151],{"class":62},[48,6455,6132],{"class":147},[48,6457,3767],{"class":62},[48,6459,311],{"class":66},[48,6461,4628],{"class":70},[48,6463,311],{"class":66},[48,6465,3781],{"class":62},[48,6467,6468,6470,6472,6474,6477,6479,6481,6483,6485,6487],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,6469,276],{"class":147},[48,6471,151],{"class":62},[48,6473,6132],{"class":147},[48,6475,6476],{"class":62},"([[",[48,6478,3770],{"class":99},[48,6480,87],{"class":62},[48,6482,632],{"class":99},[48,6484,87],{"class":62},[48,6486,800],{"class":99},[48,6488,6489],{"class":62},"]]))\n",[20,6491,6336],{},[39,6493,6495],{"className":41,"code":6494,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6496,6497,6501,6505],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6498,6499],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6500,4761],{"class":1642},[48,6502,6503],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6504,4761],{"class":1642},[48,6506,6507],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,6508,4761],{"class":1642},[20,6510,6511],{},"And these are all falsy:",[39,6513,6515],{"className":41,"code":6514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6516,6517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6518,6519,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6520,276],{"class":147},[48,6522,151],{"class":62},[48,6524,6132],{"class":147},[48,6526,3767],{"class":62},[48,6528,2904],{"class":99},[48,6530,87],{"class":62},[48,6532,4621],{"class":66},[48,6534,87],{"class":62},[48,6536,4635],{"class":1642},[48,6538,3781],{"class":62},[20,6540,6336],{},[39,6542,6543],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6544,6545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6546,6547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6548,4822],{"class":1642},[20,6550,6551,6552,5174,6555,134],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[348,6553,4589],{"href":6554},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[348,6556,6558,6560],{"href":6557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6559,4595],{}," explained",[34,6562,6564],{"id":6563},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6566,6567],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[39,6569,6571],{"className":41,"code":6570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6572,6573,6593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6574,6575,6577,6579,6581,6583,6585,6587,6589,6591],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6576,4605],{"class":54},[48,6578,59],{"class":58},[48,6580,4404],{"class":62},[48,6582,2904],{"class":99},[48,6584,87],{"class":62},[48,6586,4621],{"class":66},[48,6588,87],{"class":62},[48,6590,5387],{"class":99},[48,6592,1465],{"class":62},[48,6594,6595,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6596,276],{"class":147},[48,6598,151],{"class":62},[48,6600,6132],{"class":147},[48,6602,151],{"class":62},[48,6604,1415],{"class":137},[48,6606,670],{"class":62},[20,6608,168],{},[39,6610,6611],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6612,6613],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6614,6615],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6616,4761],{"class":1642},[20,6618,5222],{},[209,6620,6621,6626,6630],{},[212,6622,6623,6625],{},[15,6624,2904],{}," is falsy",[212,6627,6628,6625],{},[15,6629,4555],{},[212,6631,6632,6634],{},[15,6633,2921],{}," is truthy",[20,6636,6637,6638,3181,6641,134],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6639,6640],{},"any(values)",[15,6642,4385],{},[20,6644,6645],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[39,6647,6649],{"className":41,"code":6648,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6650,6651,6675],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6652,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669,6671,6673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6654,4605],{"class":54},[48,6656,59],{"class":58},[48,6658,4404],{"class":62},[48,6660,2904],{"class":99},[48,6662,87],{"class":62},[48,6664,4621],{"class":66},[48,6666,87],{"class":62},[48,6668,4635],{"class":1642},[48,6670,87],{"class":62},[48,6672,4688],{"class":1642},[48,6674,1465],{"class":62},[48,6676,6677,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6678,276],{"class":147},[48,6680,151],{"class":62},[48,6682,6132],{"class":147},[48,6684,151],{"class":62},[48,6686,1415],{"class":137},[48,6688,670],{"class":62},[20,6690,168],{},[39,6692,6693],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6694,6695],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6696,6697],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6698,4822],{"class":1642},[20,6700,6701,6702,134],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6703,4456],{},[34,6705,6707],{"id":6706},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6709,6710,6712,6713,134],{},[15,6711,5962],{}," is often used with a ",[166,6714,6715],{},"generator expression",[20,6717,6718],{},"This is a common pattern:",[39,6720,6722],{"className":41,"code":6721,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6723,6724],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6725,6726,6728,6730,6733,6735,6737,6739,6742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6727,6132],{"class":147},[48,6729,151],{"class":62},[48,6731,6732],{"class":137},"condition ",[48,6734,117],{"class":116},[48,6736,1948],{"class":137},[48,6738,128],{"class":116},[48,6740,6741],{"class":137}," items",[48,6743,162],{"class":62},[20,6745,6746],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6748,6749],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[39,6751,6753],{"className":41,"code":6752,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6754,6755,6782,6786,6813],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6756,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6770,6772,6774,6776,6778,6780],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6758,2232],{"class":54},[48,6760,59],{"class":58},[48,6762,4404],{"class":62},[48,6764,3288],{"class":99},[48,6766,87],{"class":62},[48,6768,6769],{"class":99}," 7",[48,6771,87],{"class":62},[48,6773,3006],{"class":58},[48,6775,2842],{"class":99},[48,6777,87],{"class":62},[48,6779,2493],{"class":99},[48,6781,1465],{"class":62},[48,6783,6784],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6785,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,6787,6788,6790,6792,6795,6797,6799,6801,6803,6805,6807,6809,6811],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,6789,449],{"class":54},[48,6791,59],{"class":58},[48,6793,6794],{"class":147}," any",[48,6796,151],{"class":62},[48,6798,3807],{"class":137},[48,6800,2168],{"class":58},[48,6802,4616],{"class":99},[48,6804,4659],{"class":116},[48,6806,4662],{"class":137},[48,6808,128],{"class":116},[48,6810,2292],{"class":137},[48,6812,162],{"class":62},[48,6814,6815,6817,6819,6821],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,6816,276],{"class":147},[48,6818,151],{"class":62},[48,6820,474],{"class":137},[48,6822,162],{"class":62},[20,6824,168],{},[39,6826,6827],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6828,6829],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6830,6831],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6832,4761],{"class":1642},[20,6834,6835,6836,6839],{},"This works because ",[15,6837,6838],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[209,6841,6842,6850,6857],{},[212,6843,6844,6847,6848],{},[15,6845,6846],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6849,4456],{},[212,6851,6852,6847,6855],{},[15,6853,6854],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6856,4456],{},[212,6858,6859,6847,6862],{},[15,6860,6861],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6863,4385],{},[20,6865,6866,6867,6869,6870,6872,6873,134],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6868,4385],{}," result, ",[15,6871,5962],{}," can return ",[15,6874,4385],{},[20,6876,6877],{},"Here is another example:",[39,6879,6881],{"className":41,"code":6880,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6882,6883,6912,6916,6946],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6884,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897,6899,6902,6904,6906,6908,6910],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6886,4852],{"class":54},[48,6888,59],{"class":58},[48,6890,4404],{"class":62},[48,6892,67],{"class":66},[48,6894,1128],{"class":70},[48,6896,67],{"class":66},[48,6898,87],{"class":62},[48,6900,6901],{"class":66}," \"\"",[48,6903,87],{"class":62},[48,6905,79],{"class":66},[48,6907,1146],{"class":70},[48,6909,67],{"class":66},[48,6911,1465],{"class":62},[48,6913,6914],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,6915,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,6917,6918,6921,6923,6925,6927,6930,6932,6934,6936,6939,6941,6944],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,6919,6920],{"class":54},"has_empty_string ",[48,6922,59],{"class":58},[48,6924,6794],{"class":147},[48,6926,151],{"class":62},[48,6928,6929],{"class":137},"word ",[48,6931,2308],{"class":58},[48,6933,6901],{"class":66},[48,6935,4659],{"class":116},[48,6937,6938],{"class":137}," word ",[48,6940,128],{"class":116},[48,6942,6943],{"class":137}," words",[48,6945,162],{"class":62},[48,6947,6948,6950,6952,6955],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,6949,276],{"class":147},[48,6951,151],{"class":62},[48,6953,6954],{"class":137},"has_empty_string",[48,6956,162],{"class":62},[20,6958,168],{},[39,6960,6961],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6962,6963],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6964,6965],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6966,4761],{"class":1642},[20,6968,6969,6970,134],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[348,6971,6973],{"href":6972},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[34,6975,6977],{"id":6976},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6979,6980,6981,76],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6982,4456],{},[39,6984,6986],{"className":41,"code":6985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6987,6988],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6989,6990,6992,6994,6996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6991,276],{"class":147},[48,6993,151],{"class":62},[48,6995,6132],{"class":147},[48,6997,5209],{"class":62},[20,6999,168],{},[39,7001,7002],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7003,7004],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7005,7006],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7007,4822],{"class":1642},[20,7009,7010],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,7012,7013,7014,7016],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,7015,5962],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,7018,7019],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[39,7021,7023],{"className":41,"code":7022,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,7024,7025,7035,7050],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7026,7027,7029,7031,7033],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7028,276],{"class":147},[48,7030,151],{"class":62},[48,7032,6132],{"class":147},[48,7034,5267],{"class":62},[48,7036,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7048],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7038,276],{"class":147},[48,7040,151],{"class":62},[48,7042,6132],{"class":147},[48,7044,151],{"class":62},[48,7046,7047],{"class":66},"\"\"",[48,7049,670],{"class":62},[48,7051,7052,7054,7056,7058,7060,7063],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,7053,276],{"class":147},[48,7055,151],{"class":62},[48,7057,6132],{"class":147},[48,7059,151],{"class":62},[48,7061,7062],{"class":281},"set",[48,7064,294],{"class":62},[20,7066,168],{},[39,7068,7070],{"className":41,"code":7069,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7071,7072,7076,7080],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7073,7074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7075,4822],{"class":1642},[48,7077,7078],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7079,4822],{"class":1642},[48,7081,7082],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,7083,4822],{"class":1642},[34,7085,7087],{"id":7086},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,7089,189,7090,7092],{},[15,7091,5962],{}," when you want to:",[209,7094,7095,7098,7101],{},[212,7096,7097],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[212,7099,7100],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[212,7102,7103],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,7105,7106],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[39,7108,7110],{"className":41,"code":7109,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,7111,7112,7137,7141,7151,7155,7168,7186,7195,7200,7205],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7113,7114,7116,7118,7120,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132,7135],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7115,2232],{"class":54},[48,7117,59],{"class":58},[48,7119,4404],{"class":62},[48,7121,3770],{"class":99},[48,7123,87],{"class":62},[48,7125,800],{"class":99},[48,7127,87],{"class":62},[48,7129,5387],{"class":99},[48,7131,87],{"class":62},[48,7133,7134],{"class":99}," 8",[48,7136,1465],{"class":62},[48,7138,7139],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7140,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,7142,7143,7146,7148],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,7144,7145],{"class":54},"found_even ",[48,7147,59],{"class":58},[48,7149,7150],{"class":1642}," False\n",[48,7152,7153],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,7154,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,7156,7157,7159,7162,7164,7166],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,7158,117],{"class":116},[48,7160,7161],{"class":54}," number ",[48,7163,128],{"class":116},[48,7165,2292],{"class":54},[48,7167,1053],{"class":62},[48,7169,7170,7172,7174,7177,7179,7182,7184],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,7171,2303],{"class":116},[48,7173,7161],{"class":54},[48,7175,7176],{"class":58},"%",[48,7178,632],{"class":99},[48,7180,7181],{"class":58}," ==",[48,7183,4616],{"class":99},[48,7185,1053],{"class":62},[48,7187,7188,7191,7193],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,7189,7190],{"class":54},"        found_even ",[48,7192,59],{"class":58},[48,7194,1643],{"class":1642},[48,7196,7197],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,7198,7199],{"class":116},"        break\n",[48,7201,7203],{"class":50,"line":7202},9,[48,7204,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,7206,7208,7210,7212,7215],{"class":50,"line":7207},10,[48,7209,276],{"class":147},[48,7211,151],{"class":62},[48,7213,7214],{"class":137},"found_even",[48,7216,162],{"class":62},[20,7218,7219],{},"You can write:",[39,7221,7223],{"className":41,"code":7222,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,7224,7225,7249],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7226,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7228,2232],{"class":54},[48,7230,59],{"class":58},[48,7232,4404],{"class":62},[48,7234,3770],{"class":99},[48,7236,87],{"class":62},[48,7238,800],{"class":99},[48,7240,87],{"class":62},[48,7242,5387],{"class":99},[48,7244,87],{"class":62},[48,7246,7134],{"class":99},[48,7248,1465],{"class":62},[48,7250,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269,7271,7273,7275,7277],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7252,276],{"class":147},[48,7254,151],{"class":62},[48,7256,6132],{"class":147},[48,7258,151],{"class":62},[48,7260,3001],{"class":137},[48,7262,7176],{"class":58},[48,7264,632],{"class":99},[48,7266,7181],{"class":58},[48,7268,4616],{"class":99},[48,7270,4659],{"class":116},[48,7272,7161],{"class":137},[48,7274,128],{"class":116},[48,7276,2292],{"class":137},[48,7278,670],{"class":62},[20,7280,1091,7281,7283],{},[15,7282,5962],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[34,7285,5300],{"id":5299},[20,7287,7288,7289,134],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7290,5962],{},[1752,7292,7294],{"id":7293},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7296,5307],{},[39,7298,7300],{"className":41,"code":7299,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7301,7302],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7303,7304,7306,7308,7310,7312,7314],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7305,276],{"class":147},[48,7307,151],{"class":62},[48,7309,6132],{"class":147},[48,7311,151],{"class":62},[48,7313,2921],{"class":99},[48,7315,670],{"class":62},[20,7317,7318,7319,7321],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7320,2921],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7323,7324],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[39,7326,7328],{"className":41,"code":7327,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7329,7330],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7331,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340,7342],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7333,276],{"class":147},[48,7335,151],{"class":62},[48,7337,6132],{"class":147},[48,7339,3767],{"class":62},[48,7341,2921],{"class":99},[48,7343,3781],{"class":62},[1752,7345,7347],{"id":7346},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7349,7350,7352,7353,7356],{},[15,7351,5962],{}," needs only ",[166,7354,7355],{},"one"," truthy item.",[39,7358,7360],{"className":41,"code":7359,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7361,7362],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7363,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7365,276],{"class":147},[48,7367,151],{"class":62},[48,7369,6132],{"class":147},[48,7371,3767],{"class":62},[48,7373,4456],{"class":1642},[48,7375,87],{"class":62},[48,7377,4688],{"class":1642},[48,7379,87],{"class":62},[48,7381,4697],{"class":1642},[48,7383,3781],{"class":62},[20,7385,168],{},[39,7387,7388],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7389,7390],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7391,7392],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7393,4761],{"class":1642},[20,7395,7396,7397,7401],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[348,7398,7399],{"href":6203},[15,7400,4359],{}," instead.",[1752,7403,7405],{"id":7404},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7407,7408,7409,134],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7410,7411],{},"\"True\"",[39,7413,7415],{"className":41,"code":7414,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7416,7417],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7418,7419,7421,7423,7425,7427,7429,7431,7433],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7420,276],{"class":147},[48,7422,151],{"class":62},[48,7424,6132],{"class":147},[48,7426,3767],{"class":62},[48,7428,67],{"class":66},[48,7430,4456],{"class":70},[48,7432,67],{"class":66},[48,7434,3781],{"class":62},[20,7436,168],{},[39,7438,7439],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7440,7441],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7442,7443],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7444,4761],{"class":1642},[20,7446,7447,7448,7451],{},"That is because ",[15,7449,7450],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1752,7453,7455],{"id":7454},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7457,1771],{},[39,7459,7461],{"className":41,"code":7460,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7462,7463,7483],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7464,7465,7467,7469,7471,7473,7475,7477,7479,7481],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7466,2232],{"class":54},[48,7468,59],{"class":58},[48,7470,4404],{"class":62},[48,7472,3770],{"class":99},[48,7474,87],{"class":62},[48,7476,632],{"class":99},[48,7478,87],{"class":62},[48,7480,800],{"class":99},[48,7482,1465],{"class":62},[48,7484,7485,7487,7489,7491,7493,7495,7497,7499,7501,7503,7505,7507],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7486,276],{"class":147},[48,7488,151],{"class":62},[48,7490,6132],{"class":147},[48,7492,3767],{"class":62},[48,7494,3807],{"class":137},[48,7496,5033],{"class":58},[48,7498,632],{"class":99},[48,7500,4659],{"class":116},[48,7502,4662],{"class":137},[48,7504,128],{"class":116},[48,7506,2292],{"class":137},[48,7508,3781],{"class":62},[20,7510,7511],{},"But this is usually better:",[39,7513,7515],{"className":41,"code":7514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7516,7517,7537],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7518,7519,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529,7531,7533,7535],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7520,2232],{"class":54},[48,7522,59],{"class":58},[48,7524,4404],{"class":62},[48,7526,3770],{"class":99},[48,7528,87],{"class":62},[48,7530,632],{"class":99},[48,7532,87],{"class":62},[48,7534,800],{"class":99},[48,7536,1465],{"class":62},[48,7538,7539,7541,7543,7545,7547,7549,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559,7561],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7540,276],{"class":147},[48,7542,151],{"class":62},[48,7544,6132],{"class":147},[48,7546,151],{"class":62},[48,7548,3807],{"class":137},[48,7550,5033],{"class":58},[48,7552,632],{"class":99},[48,7554,4659],{"class":116},[48,7556,4662],{"class":137},[48,7558,128],{"class":116},[48,7560,2292],{"class":137},[48,7562,670],{"class":62},[20,7564,7565],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[34,7567,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,7569,7571],{"id":7570},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7573,5925,7574,7576,7577,134],{},[15,7575,4385],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7578,4456],{},[1752,7580,7582],{"id":7581},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7584,7585,3181,7587,7589],{},[15,7586,5962],{},[15,7588,4456],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1752,7591,7593],{"id":7592},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7595,7596,7598,7599,7601],{},[15,7597,5962],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7600,4359],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1752,7603,7605],{"id":7604},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7607,7608],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[39,7610,7611],{"className":41,"code":6721,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7612,7613],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7614,7615,7617,7619,7621,7623,7625,7627,7629],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7616,6132],{"class":147},[48,7618,151],{"class":62},[48,7620,6732],{"class":137},[48,7622,117],{"class":116},[48,7624,1948],{"class":137},[48,7626,128],{"class":116},[48,7628,6741],{"class":137},[48,7630,162],{"class":62},[20,7632,6249],{},[39,7634,7635],{"className":41,"code":7514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7636,7637,7657],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7638,7639,7641,7643,7645,7647,7649,7651,7653,7655],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7640,2232],{"class":54},[48,7642,59],{"class":58},[48,7644,4404],{"class":62},[48,7646,3770],{"class":99},[48,7648,87],{"class":62},[48,7650,632],{"class":99},[48,7652,87],{"class":62},[48,7654,800],{"class":99},[48,7656,1465],{"class":62},[48,7658,7659,7661,7663,7665,7667,7669,7671,7673,7675,7677,7679,7681],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7660,276],{"class":147},[48,7662,151],{"class":62},[48,7664,6132],{"class":147},[48,7666,151],{"class":62},[48,7668,3807],{"class":137},[48,7670,5033],{"class":58},[48,7672,632],{"class":99},[48,7674,4659],{"class":116},[48,7676,4662],{"class":137},[48,7678,128],{"class":116},[48,7680,2292],{"class":137},[48,7682,670],{"class":62},[34,7684,2679],{"id":2678},[209,7686,7687,7693,7697,7701,7706],{},[212,7688,7689],{},[348,7690,7691,4289],{"href":6203},[15,7692,4359],{},[212,7694,7695],{},[348,7696,4589],{"href":6554},[212,7698,7699],{},[348,7700,5994],{"href":6363},[212,7702,7703],{},[348,7704,7705],{"href":6972},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[212,7707,7708],{},[348,7709,7710,4289],{"href":6557},[15,7711,4595],{},[2711,7713,7714],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":7716},[7717,7718,7719,7720,7721,7722,7723,7724,7730,7736],{"id":6153,"depth":106,"text":6154},{"id":6208,"depth":106,"text":6209},{"id":4510,"depth":106,"text":4511},{"id":6563,"depth":106,"text":6564},{"id":6706,"depth":106,"text":6707},{"id":6976,"depth":106,"text":6977},{"id":7086,"depth":106,"text":7087},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":7725},[7726,7727,7728,7729],{"id":7293,"depth":113,"text":7294},{"id":7346,"depth":113,"text":7347},{"id":7404,"depth":113,"text":7405},{"id":7454,"depth":113,"text":7455},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":7731},[7732,7733,7734,7735],{"id":7570,"depth":113,"text":7571},{"id":7581,"depth":113,"text":7582},{"id":7592,"depth":113,"text":7593},{"id":7604,"depth":113,"text":7605},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":6057,"description":7737},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7743,"title":7744,"body":7745,"description":9871,"extension":2749,"meta":9872,"navigation":109,"path":9873,"seo":9874,"stem":9875,"__hash__":9876},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7746,"toc":9834},[7747,7750,7759,7769,7771,7868,7870,7899,7915,7919,7924,7927,7937,7943,7949,7964,7966,7974,7981,7985,7988,8003,8008,8026,8031,8033,8081,8083,8100,8104,8110,8113,8148,8150,8256,8258,8295,8299,8307,8309,8329,8331,8451,8453,8482,8485,8508,8510,8518,8526,8530,8536,8540,8581,8583,8591,8594,8622,8624,8632,8636,8665,8667,8675,8706,8708,8716,8720,8771,8773,8781,8789,8793,8796,8848,8850,8870,8877,8881,8887,8890,8898,8920,8922,8930,8938,8961,8963,8971,8976,8981,8993,8995,9036,9047,9051,9060,9063,9066,9125,9128,9180,9183,9189,9204,9210,9212,9217,9225,9228,9250,9252,9260,9265,9268,9303,9305,9313,9317,9322,9360,9372,9375,9429,9437,9441,9444,9466,9475,9478,9519,9521,9544,9550,9556,9571,9573,9593,9596,9615,9617,9636,9640,9646,9725,9728,9742,9749,9751,9755,9762,9766,9770,9774,9779,9783,9788,9792,9799,9801,9831],[10,7748,7744],{"id":7749},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7751,22,7752,7754,7755,352,7757,134],{},[15,7753,4595],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7756,4385],{},[15,7758,4456],{},[20,7760,7761,7762,7764,7765,7768],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7763,4595],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7766,7767],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[34,7770,4390],{"id":4389},[39,7772,7774],{"className":41,"code":7773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7775,7776,7790,7804,7818,7836,7846],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7777,7778,7780,7782,7784,7786,7788],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7779,276],{"class":147},[48,7781,151],{"class":62},[48,7783,4650],{"class":281},[48,7785,151],{"class":62},[48,7787,2904],{"class":99},[48,7789,670],{"class":62},[48,7791,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7793,276],{"class":147},[48,7795,151],{"class":62},[48,7797,4650],{"class":281},[48,7799,151],{"class":62},[48,7801,3770],{"class":99},[48,7803,670],{"class":62},[48,7805,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,7807,276],{"class":147},[48,7809,151],{"class":62},[48,7811,4650],{"class":281},[48,7813,151],{"class":62},[48,7815,7047],{"class":66},[48,7817,670],{"class":62},[48,7819,7820,7822,7824,7826,7828,7830,7832,7834],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,7821,276],{"class":147},[48,7823,151],{"class":62},[48,7825,4650],{"class":281},[48,7827,151],{"class":62},[48,7829,67],{"class":66},[48,7831,4628],{"class":70},[48,7833,67],{"class":66},[48,7835,670],{"class":62},[48,7837,7838,7840,7842,7844],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,7839,276],{"class":147},[48,7841,151],{"class":62},[48,7843,4650],{"class":281},[48,7845,5209],{"class":62},[48,7847,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,7849,276],{"class":147},[48,7851,151],{"class":62},[48,7853,4650],{"class":281},[48,7855,3767],{"class":62},[48,7857,3770],{"class":99},[48,7859,87],{"class":62},[48,7861,632],{"class":99},[48,7863,87],{"class":62},[48,7865,800],{"class":99},[48,7867,3781],{"class":62},[20,7869,6336],{},[39,7871,7873],{"className":41,"code":7872,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7874,7875,7879,7883,7887,7891,7895],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7876,7877],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7878,4822],{"class":1642},[48,7880,7881],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,7882,4761],{"class":1642},[48,7884,7885],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,7886,4822],{"class":1642},[48,7888,7889],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,7890,4761],{"class":1642},[48,7892,7893],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,7894,4822],{"class":1642},[48,7896,7897],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,7898,4761],{"class":1642},[20,7900,189,7901,7904,7905,352,7907,7909,7910,7912,7913,134],{},[15,7902,7903],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7906,4385],{},[15,7908,4456],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7911,4456],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7914,4385],{},[34,7916,7918],{"id":7917},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7920,7921,7923],{},[15,7922,4595],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7925,7926],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[209,7928,7929,7933],{},[212,7930,7931],{},[15,7932,4385],{},[212,7934,7935],{},[15,7936,4456],{},[20,7938,7939,7940,7942],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7941,7767],{}," statements.",[20,7944,7945,7946,7948],{},"You can also call ",[15,7947,4595],{}," with no argument:",[39,7950,7952],{"className":41,"code":7951,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool())\n",[15,7953,7954],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7955,7956,7958,7960,7962],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7957,276],{"class":147},[48,7959,151],{"class":62},[48,7961,4650],{"class":281},[48,7963,1203],{"class":62},[20,7965,168],{},[39,7967,7968],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7969,7970],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7971,7972],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7973,4822],{"class":1642},[20,7975,7976,7977,134],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[348,7978,7980],{"href":7979},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[34,7982,7984],{"id":7983},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7986,7987],{},"The basic syntax is:",[39,7989,7991],{"className":41,"code":7990,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bool(value)\n",[15,7992,7993],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7994,7995,7997,7999,8001],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7996,4650],{"class":281},[48,7998,151],{"class":62},[48,8000,933],{"class":137},[48,8002,162],{"class":62},[20,8004,22,8005,8007],{},[15,8006,933],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[209,8009,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018,8021,8023],{},[212,8011,2411],{},[212,8013,6087],{},[212,8015,6078],{},[212,8017,6081],{},[212,8019,8020],{},"dictionaries",[212,8022,6084],{},[212,8024,8025],{},"other objects",[20,8027,8028,8029,134],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,8030,4456],{},[20,8032,226],{},[39,8034,8036],{"className":41,"code":8035,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,8037,8038,8052,8071],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8039,8040,8042,8044,8046,8048,8050],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8041,276],{"class":147},[48,8043,151],{"class":62},[48,8045,4650],{"class":281},[48,8047,151],{"class":62},[48,8049,3114],{"class":99},[48,8051,670],{"class":62},[48,8053,8054,8056,8058,8060,8062,8064,8067,8069],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8055,276],{"class":147},[48,8057,151],{"class":62},[48,8059,4650],{"class":281},[48,8061,151],{"class":62},[48,8063,67],{"class":66},[48,8065,8066],{"class":70},"Python",[48,8068,67],{"class":66},[48,8070,670],{"class":62},[48,8072,8073,8075,8077,8079],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,8074,276],{"class":147},[48,8076,151],{"class":62},[48,8078,4650],{"class":281},[48,8080,1203],{"class":62},[20,8082,168],{},[39,8084,8086],{"className":41,"code":8085,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,8087,8088,8092,8096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8089,8090],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8091,4761],{"class":1642},[48,8093,8094],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8095,4761],{"class":1642},[48,8097,8098],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,8099,4822],{"class":1642},[34,8101,8103],{"id":8102},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,8105,8106,8107,8109],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[166,8108,6373],{}," values.",[20,8111,8112],{},"Common examples:",[209,8114,8115,8119,8123,8127,8131,8136,8140,8144],{},[212,8116,8117],{},[15,8118,2904],{},[212,8120,8121],{},[15,8122,4550],{},[212,8124,8125],{},[15,8126,7047],{},[212,8128,8129],{},[15,8130,4569],{},[212,8132,8133],{},[15,8134,8135],{},"()",[212,8137,8138],{},[15,8139,4574],{},[212,8141,8142],{},[15,8143,4579],{},[212,8145,8146],{},[15,8147,4560],{},[20,8149,226],{},[39,8151,8153],{"className":41,"code":8152,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,8154,8155,8169,8183,8197,8207,8217,8228,8242],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8156,8157,8159,8161,8163,8165,8167],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8158,276],{"class":147},[48,8160,151],{"class":62},[48,8162,4650],{"class":281},[48,8164,151],{"class":62},[48,8166,2904],{"class":99},[48,8168,670],{"class":62},[48,8170,8171,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8172,276],{"class":147},[48,8174,151],{"class":62},[48,8176,4650],{"class":281},[48,8178,151],{"class":62},[48,8180,4550],{"class":99},[48,8182,670],{"class":62},[48,8184,8185,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,8186,276],{"class":147},[48,8188,151],{"class":62},[48,8190,4650],{"class":281},[48,8192,151],{"class":62},[48,8194,7047],{"class":66},[48,8196,670],{"class":62},[48,8198,8199,8201,8203,8205],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,8200,276],{"class":147},[48,8202,151],{"class":62},[48,8204,4650],{"class":281},[48,8206,5209],{"class":62},[48,8208,8209,8211,8213,8215],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,8210,276],{"class":147},[48,8212,151],{"class":62},[48,8214,4650],{"class":281},[48,8216,5267],{"class":62},[48,8218,8219,8221,8223,8225],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,8220,276],{"class":147},[48,8222,151],{"class":62},[48,8224,4650],{"class":281},[48,8226,8227],{"class":62},"({}))\n",[48,8229,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,8231,276],{"class":147},[48,8233,151],{"class":62},[48,8235,4650],{"class":281},[48,8237,151],{"class":62},[48,8239,7062],{"class":281},[48,8241,294],{"class":62},[48,8243,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252,8254],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,8245,276],{"class":147},[48,8247,151],{"class":62},[48,8249,4650],{"class":281},[48,8251,151],{"class":62},[48,8253,4560],{"class":1642},[48,8255,670],{"class":62},[20,8257,168],{},[39,8259,8261],{"className":41,"code":8260,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8262,8263,8267,8271,8275,8279,8283,8287,8291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8264,8265],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8266,4822],{"class":1642},[48,8268,8269],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8270,4822],{"class":1642},[48,8272,8273],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,8274,4822],{"class":1642},[48,8276,8277],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,8278,4822],{"class":1642},[48,8280,8281],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,8282,4822],{"class":1642},[48,8284,8285],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,8286,4822],{"class":1642},[48,8288,8289],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,8290,4822],{"class":1642},[48,8292,8293],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,8294,4822],{"class":1642},[34,8296,8298],{"id":8297},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8300,8301,8302,8304,8305,8109],{},"Many values become ",[15,8303,4385],{},". These are often called ",[166,8306,6370],{},[20,8308,8112],{},[209,8310,8311,8314,8317,8320,8323,8326],{},[212,8312,8313],{},"non-zero numbers",[212,8315,8316],{},"non-empty strings",[212,8318,8319],{},"non-empty lists",[212,8321,8322],{},"non-empty tuples",[212,8324,8325],{},"non-empty sets",[212,8327,8328],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8330,226],{},[39,8332,8334],{"className":41,"code":8333,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8335,8336,8350,8366,8384,8406,8424],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8337,8338,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8339,276],{"class":147},[48,8341,151],{"class":62},[48,8343,4650],{"class":281},[48,8345,151],{"class":62},[48,8347,2921],{"class":99},[48,8349,670],{"class":62},[48,8351,8352,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8353,276],{"class":147},[48,8355,151],{"class":62},[48,8357,4650],{"class":281},[48,8359,151],{"class":62},[48,8361,2807],{"class":58},[48,8363,2842],{"class":99},[48,8365,670],{"class":62},[48,8367,8368,8370,8372,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,8369,276],{"class":147},[48,8371,151],{"class":62},[48,8373,4650],{"class":281},[48,8375,151],{"class":62},[48,8377,67],{"class":66},[48,8379,4628],{"class":70},[48,8381,67],{"class":66},[48,8383,670],{"class":62},[48,8385,8386,8388,8390,8392,8394,8396,8398,8400,8402,8404],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,8387,276],{"class":147},[48,8389,151],{"class":62},[48,8391,4650],{"class":281},[48,8393,3767],{"class":62},[48,8395,3770],{"class":99},[48,8397,87],{"class":62},[48,8399,632],{"class":99},[48,8401,87],{"class":62},[48,8403,800],{"class":99},[48,8405,3781],{"class":62},[48,8407,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416,8418,8420,8422],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,8409,276],{"class":147},[48,8411,151],{"class":62},[48,8413,4650],{"class":281},[48,8415,6287],{"class":62},[48,8417,3770],{"class":99},[48,8419,87],{"class":62},[48,8421,632],{"class":99},[48,8423,3693],{"class":62},[48,8425,8426,8428,8430,8432,8434,8436,8438,8440,8442,8444,8447,8449],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,8427,276],{"class":147},[48,8429,151],{"class":62},[48,8431,4650],{"class":281},[48,8433,6306],{"class":62},[48,8435,67],{"class":66},[48,8437,71],{"class":70},[48,8439,67],{"class":66},[48,8441,76],{"class":62},[48,8443,79],{"class":66},[48,8445,8446],{"class":70},"Sam",[48,8448,67],{"class":66},[48,8450,6315],{"class":62},[20,8452,168],{},[39,8454,8456],{"className":41,"code":8455,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8457,8458,8462,8466,8470,8474,8478],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8459,8460],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8461,4761],{"class":1642},[48,8463,8464],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8465,4761],{"class":1642},[48,8467,8468],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,8469,4761],{"class":1642},[48,8471,8472],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,8473,4761],{"class":1642},[48,8475,8476],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,8477,4761],{"class":1642},[48,8479,8480],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,8481,4761],{"class":1642},[20,8483,8484],{},"One important example is this:",[39,8486,8488],{"className":41,"code":8487,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8489,8490],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8491,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502,8504,8506],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8493,276],{"class":147},[48,8495,151],{"class":62},[48,8497,4650],{"class":281},[48,8499,151],{"class":62},[48,8501,67],{"class":66},[48,8503,4456],{"class":70},[48,8505,67],{"class":66},[48,8507,670],{"class":62},[20,8509,168],{},[39,8511,8512],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8513,8514],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8515,8516],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8517,4761],{"class":1642},[20,8519,8520,8521,8523,8524,134],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8522,7450],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8525,4385],{},[34,8527,8529],{"id":8528},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8531,8532,8533,8535],{},"You can use ",[15,8534,4595],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1752,8537,8539],{"id":8538},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[39,8541,8543],{"className":41,"code":8542,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8544,8545,8567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8546,8547,8550,8552,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562,8565],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8548,8549],{"class":54},"items ",[48,8551,59],{"class":58},[48,8553,4404],{"class":62},[48,8555,3114],{"class":99},[48,8557,87],{"class":62},[48,8559,2506],{"class":99},[48,8561,87],{"class":62},[48,8563,8564],{"class":99}," 30",[48,8566,1465],{"class":62},[48,8568,8569,8571,8573,8575,8577,8579],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8570,276],{"class":147},[48,8572,151],{"class":62},[48,8574,4650],{"class":281},[48,8576,151],{"class":62},[48,8578,138],{"class":137},[48,8580,670],{"class":62},[20,8582,168],{},[39,8584,8585],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8586,8587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8588,8589],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8590,4761],{"class":1642},[20,8592,8593],{},"With an empty list:",[39,8595,8597],{"className":41,"code":8596,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8598,8599,8608],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8600,8601,8603,8605],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8602,8549],{"class":54},[48,8604,59],{"class":58},[48,8606,8607],{"class":62}," []\n",[48,8609,8610,8612,8614,8616,8618,8620],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8611,276],{"class":147},[48,8613,151],{"class":62},[48,8615,4650],{"class":281},[48,8617,151],{"class":62},[48,8619,138],{"class":137},[48,8621,670],{"class":62},[20,8623,168],{},[39,8625,8626],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8627,8628],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8629,8630],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8631,4822],{"class":1642},[1752,8633,8635],{"id":8634},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[39,8637,8639],{"className":41,"code":8638,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8640,8641,8651],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8642,8643,8646,8648],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8644,8645],{"class":54},"name ",[48,8647,59],{"class":58},[48,8649,8650],{"class":66}," \"\"\n",[48,8652,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8654,276],{"class":147},[48,8656,151],{"class":62},[48,8658,4650],{"class":281},[48,8660,151],{"class":62},[48,8662,71],{"class":137},[48,8664,670],{"class":62},[20,8666,168],{},[39,8668,8669],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8670,8671],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8672,8673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8674,4822],{"class":1642},[39,8676,8678],{"className":41,"code":8677,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8679,8680,8692],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8681,8682,8684,8686,8688,8690],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8683,8645],{"class":54},[48,8685,59],{"class":58},[48,8687,79],{"class":66},[48,8689,846],{"class":70},[48,8691,4138],{"class":66},[48,8693,8694,8696,8698,8700,8702,8704],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8695,276],{"class":147},[48,8697,151],{"class":62},[48,8699,4650],{"class":281},[48,8701,151],{"class":62},[48,8703,71],{"class":137},[48,8705,670],{"class":62},[20,8707,168],{},[39,8709,8710],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8711,8712],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8713,8714],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8715,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,8717,8719],{"id":8718},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[39,8721,8723],{"className":41,"code":8722,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8724,8725,8739,8756,8760],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8726,8727,8730,8732,8734,8737],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8728,8729],{"class":54},"username ",[48,8731,59],{"class":58},[48,8733,79],{"class":66},[48,8735,8736],{"class":70},"alex",[48,8738,4138],{"class":66},[48,8740,8741,8744,8746,8749,8751,8754],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8742,8743],{"class":54},"has_name ",[48,8745,59],{"class":58},[48,8747,8748],{"class":281}," bool",[48,8750,151],{"class":62},[48,8752,8753],{"class":137},"username",[48,8755,162],{"class":62},[48,8757,8758],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,8759,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,8761,8762,8764,8766,8769],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,8763,276],{"class":147},[48,8765,151],{"class":62},[48,8767,8768],{"class":137},"has_name",[48,8770,162],{"class":62},[20,8772,168],{},[39,8774,8775],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8776,8777],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8778,8779],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8780,4761],{"class":1642},[20,8782,8783,8784,352,8786,8788],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8785,4385],{},[15,8787,4456],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1752,8790,8792],{"id":8791},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8794,8795],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[39,8797,8799],{"className":41,"code":8798,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8800,8801,8821,8825,8833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8802,8803,8805,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817,8819],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8804,2232],{"class":54},[48,8806,59],{"class":58},[48,8808,4404],{"class":62},[48,8810,3770],{"class":99},[48,8812,87],{"class":62},[48,8814,632],{"class":99},[48,8816,87],{"class":62},[48,8818,800],{"class":99},[48,8820,1465],{"class":62},[48,8822,8823],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,8824,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,8826,8827,8829,8831],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,8828,7767],{"class":116},[48,8830,2292],{"class":54},[48,8832,1053],{"class":62},[48,8834,8835,8837,8839,8841,8844,8846],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,8836,148],{"class":147},[48,8838,151],{"class":62},[48,8840,67],{"class":66},[48,8842,8843],{"class":70},"The list is not empty",[48,8845,67],{"class":66},[48,8847,162],{"class":62},[20,8849,168],{},[39,8851,8853],{"className":41,"code":8852,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8854,8855],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8856,8857,8859,8861,8864,8867],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8858,22],{"class":54},[48,8860,282],{"class":281},[48,8862,8863],{"class":58}," is",[48,8865,8866],{"class":58}," not",[48,8868,8869],{"class":54}," empty\n",[20,8871,8872,8873,134],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[348,8874,8876],{"href":8875},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[34,8878,8880],{"id":8879},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8882,8883,8884,8886],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8885,4595],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8888,8889],{},"It does not do that.",[1752,8891,8893,3181,8896],{"id":8892},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8894,8895],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8897,4385],{},[39,8899,8900],{"className":41,"code":8487,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8901,8902],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8903,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912,8914,8916,8918],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8905,276],{"class":147},[48,8907,151],{"class":62},[48,8909,4650],{"class":281},[48,8911,151],{"class":62},[48,8913,67],{"class":66},[48,8915,4456],{"class":70},[48,8917,67],{"class":66},[48,8919,670],{"class":62},[20,8921,168],{},[39,8923,8924],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8925,8926],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8927,8928],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8929,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,8931,8933,3181,8936],{"id":8932},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8934,8935],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8937,4385],{},[39,8939,8941],{"className":41,"code":8940,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8942,8943],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8944,8945,8947,8949,8951,8953,8955,8957,8959],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8946,276],{"class":147},[48,8948,151],{"class":62},[48,8950,4650],{"class":281},[48,8952,151],{"class":62},[48,8954,67],{"class":66},[48,8956,2904],{"class":70},[48,8958,67],{"class":66},[48,8960,670],{"class":62},[20,8962,168],{},[39,8964,8965],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8966,8967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8968,8969],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8970,4761],{"class":1642},[20,8972,8973,8974,134],{},"This happens because both values are ",[166,8975,8316],{},[20,8977,8978,8980],{},[15,8979,4595],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8982,8983,8984,8989,8990,8992],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[348,8985,8987],{"href":8986},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8988,3739],{},", because ",[15,8991,3739],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8994,226],{},[39,8996,8998],{"className":41,"code":8997,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8999,9000,9021],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9001,9002,9005,9007,9010,9012,9014,9017,9019],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9003,9004],{"class":54},"user_value ",[48,9006,59],{"class":58},[48,9008,9009],{"class":147}," input",[48,9011,151],{"class":62},[48,9013,67],{"class":66},[48,9015,9016],{"class":70},"Enter True or False: ",[48,9018,67],{"class":66},[48,9020,162],{"class":62},[48,9022,9023,9025,9027,9029,9031,9034],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9024,276],{"class":147},[48,9026,151],{"class":62},[48,9028,4650],{"class":281},[48,9030,151],{"class":62},[48,9032,9033],{"class":137},"user_value",[48,9035,670],{"class":62},[20,9037,9038,9039,9041,9042,8989,9044,9046],{},"If the user types ",[15,9040,4456],{},", the result will still be ",[15,9043,4385],{},[15,9045,7450],{}," is not empty.",[34,9048,9050],{"id":9049},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,9052,9053,9054,9056,9057,9059],{},"In many ",[15,9055,7767],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,9058,4595],{}," yourself.",[20,9061,9062],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,9064,9065],{},"Instead of this:",[39,9067,9069],{"className":41,"code":9068,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9070,9071,9092,9096,9110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9072,9073,9076,9078,9080,9082,9084,9086,9088,9090],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9074,9075],{"class":54},"my_list ",[48,9077,59],{"class":58},[48,9079,4404],{"class":62},[48,9081,3770],{"class":99},[48,9083,87],{"class":62},[48,9085,632],{"class":99},[48,9087,87],{"class":62},[48,9089,800],{"class":99},[48,9091,1465],{"class":62},[48,9093,9094],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9095,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,9097,9098,9100,9102,9104,9107],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,9099,7767],{"class":116},[48,9101,8748],{"class":281},[48,9103,151],{"class":62},[48,9105,9106],{"class":137},"my_list",[48,9108,9109],{"class":62},"):\n",[48,9111,9112,9114,9116,9118,9121,9123],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,9113,148],{"class":147},[48,9115,151],{"class":62},[48,9117,67],{"class":66},[48,9119,9120],{"class":70},"List has items",[48,9122,67],{"class":66},[48,9124,162],{"class":62},[20,9126,9127],{},"You can simply write:",[39,9129,9131],{"className":41,"code":9130,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9132,9133,9153,9157,9166],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9134,9135,9137,9139,9141,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9136,9075],{"class":54},[48,9138,59],{"class":58},[48,9140,4404],{"class":62},[48,9142,3770],{"class":99},[48,9144,87],{"class":62},[48,9146,632],{"class":99},[48,9148,87],{"class":62},[48,9150,800],{"class":99},[48,9152,1465],{"class":62},[48,9154,9155],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9156,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,9158,9159,9161,9164],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,9160,7767],{"class":116},[48,9162,9163],{"class":54}," my_list",[48,9165,1053],{"class":62},[48,9167,9168,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,9169,148],{"class":147},[48,9171,151],{"class":62},[48,9173,67],{"class":66},[48,9175,9120],{"class":70},[48,9177,67],{"class":66},[48,9179,162],{"class":62},[20,9181,9182],{},"Both examples work.",[20,9184,9185,9186,9188],{},"Using ",[15,9187,4595],{}," is still helpful when:",[209,9190,9191,9194,9201],{},[212,9192,9193],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[212,9195,9196,9197,352,9199,159],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,9198,4385],{},[15,9200,4456],{},[212,9202,9203],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,9205,9206,9207,134],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[348,9208,9209],{"href":3082},"Python type() function explained",[34,9211,1745],{"id":1744},[20,9213,9214,9215,134],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,9216,4595],{},[1752,9218,2015,9220,9222,9223],{"id":9219},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,9221,8895],{}," to return ",[15,9224,4456],{},[20,9226,9227],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[39,9229,9230],{"className":41,"code":8487,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,9231,9232],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9233,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9248],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9235,276],{"class":147},[48,9237,151],{"class":62},[48,9239,4650],{"class":281},[48,9241,151],{"class":62},[48,9243,67],{"class":66},[48,9245,4456],{"class":70},[48,9247,67],{"class":66},[48,9249,670],{"class":62},[20,9251,168],{},[39,9253,9254],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,9255,9256],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9257,9258],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9259,4761],{"class":1642},[20,9261,9262,9263,7451],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9264,7450],{},[20,9266,9267],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[39,9269,9271],{"className":41,"code":9270,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9272,9273,9285],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9274,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9276,3231],{"class":54},[48,9278,59],{"class":58},[48,9280,79],{"class":66},[48,9282,4456],{"class":70},[48,9284,4138],{"class":66},[48,9286,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9288,276],{"class":147},[48,9290,151],{"class":62},[48,9292,3231],{"class":137},[48,9294,2308],{"class":58},[48,9296,79],{"class":66},[48,9298,4385],{"class":70},[48,9300,67],{"class":66},[48,9302,162],{"class":62},[20,9304,168],{},[39,9306,9307],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,9308,9309],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9310,9311],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9312,4822],{"class":1642},[1752,9314,9316],{"id":9315},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9318,9319,9321],{},[15,9320,3739],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[39,9323,9325],{"className":41,"code":9324,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9326,9327,9346],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9328,9329,9331,9333,9335,9337,9339,9342,9344],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9330,3231],{"class":54},[48,9332,59],{"class":58},[48,9334,9009],{"class":147},[48,9336,151],{"class":62},[48,9338,67],{"class":66},[48,9340,9341],{"class":70},"Enter yes or no: ",[48,9343,67],{"class":66},[48,9345,162],{"class":62},[48,9347,9348,9350,9352,9354,9356,9358],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9349,276],{"class":147},[48,9351,151],{"class":62},[48,9353,4650],{"class":281},[48,9355,151],{"class":62},[48,9357,933],{"class":137},[48,9359,670],{"class":62},[20,9361,9038,9362,9365,9366,9368,9369,9046],{},[15,9363,9364],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9367,4385],{}," because ",[15,9370,9371],{},"\"no\"",[20,9373,9374],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[39,9376,9378],{"className":41,"code":9377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9379,9380,9410],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9381,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9399,9402,9405,9408],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9383,3231],{"class":54},[48,9385,59],{"class":58},[48,9387,9009],{"class":147},[48,9389,151],{"class":62},[48,9391,67],{"class":66},[48,9393,9341],{"class":70},[48,9395,67],{"class":66},[48,9397,9398],{"class":62},").",[48,9400,9401],{"class":137},"strip",[48,9403,9404],{"class":62},"().",[48,9406,9407],{"class":137},"lower",[48,9409,380],{"class":62},[48,9411,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422,9425,9427],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9413,276],{"class":147},[48,9415,151],{"class":62},[48,9417,3231],{"class":137},[48,9419,2308],{"class":58},[48,9421,79],{"class":66},[48,9423,9424],{"class":70},"yes",[48,9426,67],{"class":66},[48,9428,162],{"class":62},[20,9430,9431,9432,9434,9435,134],{},"This gives ",[15,9433,4385],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9436,9424],{},[1752,9438,9440],{"id":9439},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9442,9443],{},"These are different:",[209,9445,9446,9450,9454,9458,9462],{},[212,9447,9448],{},[15,9449,4456],{},[212,9451,9452],{},[15,9453,2904],{},[212,9455,9456],{},[15,9457,7047],{},[212,9459,9460],{},[15,9461,4569],{},[212,9463,9464],{},[15,9465,4560],{},[20,9467,9468,9469,9471,9472,9474],{},"They all become ",[15,9470,4456],{}," with ",[15,9473,4595],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9476,9477],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[39,9479,9481],{"className":41,"code":9480,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9482,9483,9491,9505],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9484,9485,9487,9489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9486,3231],{"class":54},[48,9488,59],{"class":58},[48,9490,8607],{"class":62},[48,9492,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9494,276],{"class":147},[48,9496,151],{"class":62},[48,9498,2094],{"class":281},[48,9500,151],{"class":62},[48,9502,933],{"class":137},[48,9504,670],{"class":62},[48,9506,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9517],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,9508,276],{"class":147},[48,9510,151],{"class":62},[48,9512,4650],{"class":281},[48,9514,151],{"class":62},[48,9516,933],{"class":137},[48,9518,670],{"class":62},[20,9520,168],{},[39,9522,9524],{"className":41,"code":9523,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9525,9526,9540],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9527,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9529,2168],{"class":58},[48,9531,2171],{"class":915},[48,9533,320],{"class":66},[48,9535,282],{"class":70},[48,9537,311],{"class":66},[48,9539,2180],{"class":58},[48,9541,9542],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9543,4822],{"class":1642},[1752,9545,9185,9547,9549],{"id":9546},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9548,4574],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9551,9552,9553,9555],{},"In Python, ",[15,9554,4574],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[39,9557,9559],{"className":41,"code":9558,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9560,9561],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9562,9563,9565,9567,9569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9564,276],{"class":147},[48,9566,151],{"class":62},[48,9568,2094],{"class":281},[48,9570,8227],{"class":62},[20,9572,168],{},[39,9574,9576],{"className":41,"code":9575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9577,9578],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9579,9580,9582,9584,9586,9589,9591],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9581,2168],{"class":58},[48,9583,2171],{"class":915},[48,9585,320],{"class":66},[48,9587,9588],{"class":70},"dict",[48,9590,311],{"class":66},[48,9592,2180],{"class":58},[20,9594,9595],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[39,9597,9599],{"className":41,"code":9598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9600,9601],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9602,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9604,276],{"class":147},[48,9606,151],{"class":62},[48,9608,2094],{"class":281},[48,9610,151],{"class":62},[48,9612,7062],{"class":281},[48,9614,294],{"class":62},[20,9616,168],{},[39,9618,9620],{"className":41,"code":9619,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9621,9622],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9623,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9625,2168],{"class":58},[48,9627,2171],{"class":915},[48,9629,320],{"class":66},[48,9631,7062],{"class":70},[48,9633,311],{"class":66},[48,9635,2180],{"class":58},[34,9637,9639],{"id":9638},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9641,9642,9643,9645],{},"If ",[15,9644,4595],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[39,9647,9649],{"className":41,"code":9648,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9650,9651,9665,9679,9689,9707],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9652,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9654,276],{"class":147},[48,9656,151],{"class":62},[48,9658,4650],{"class":281},[48,9660,151],{"class":62},[48,9662,933],{"class":137},[48,9664,670],{"class":62},[48,9666,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9668,276],{"class":147},[48,9670,151],{"class":62},[48,9672,2094],{"class":281},[48,9674,151],{"class":62},[48,9676,933],{"class":137},[48,9678,670],{"class":62},[48,9680,9681,9683,9685,9687],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,9682,276],{"class":147},[48,9684,151],{"class":62},[48,9686,933],{"class":137},[48,9688,162],{"class":62},[48,9690,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,9692,276],{"class":147},[48,9694,151],{"class":62},[48,9696,3231],{"class":137},[48,9698,2308],{"class":58},[48,9700,79],{"class":66},[48,9702,4385],{"class":70},[48,9704,67],{"class":66},[48,9706,162],{"class":62},[48,9708,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,9710,276],{"class":147},[48,9712,151],{"class":62},[48,9714,933],{"class":137},[48,9716,134],{"class":62},[48,9718,9401],{"class":137},[48,9720,9404],{"class":62},[48,9722,9407],{"class":137},[48,9724,1203],{"class":62},[20,9726,9727],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[209,9729,9730,9733,9736,9739],{},[212,9731,9732],{},"what the value really is",[212,9734,9735],{},"whether it is a string",[212,9737,9738],{},"whether it contains spaces",[212,9740,9741],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9743,9744,9745,134],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[348,9746,9748],{"href":9747},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[34,9750,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,9752,9754],{"id":9753},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9756,9757,9758,352,9760,134],{},"It returns either ",[15,9759,4385],{},[15,9761,4456],{},[1752,9763,9765],{"id":9764},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9767,5925,9768,134],{},[15,9769,4456],{},[1752,9771,9773],{"id":9772},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9775,9776,9777,134],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9778,4385],{},[1752,9780,9782],{"id":9781},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9784,9785,9786,134],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9787,4456],{},[1752,9789,9791],{"id":9790},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9793,9794,9795,352,9797,4519],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9796,4385],{},[15,9798,4456],{},[34,9800,2679],{"id":2678},[209,9802,9803,9808,9812,9817,9821,9826],{},[212,9804,9805],{},[348,9806,9807],{"href":6554},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[212,9809,9810],{},[348,9811,8876],{"href":8875},[212,9813,9814],{},[348,9815,9816],{"href":8986},"Python input() function explained",[212,9818,9819],{},[348,9820,9209],{"href":3082},[212,9822,9823],{},[348,9824,9825],{"href":9747},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[212,9827,9828],{},[348,9829,9830],{"href":7979},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2711,9832,9833],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":9835},[9836,9837,9838,9839,9840,9841,9847,9853,9854,9862,9863,9870],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":7917,"depth":106,"text":7918},{"id":7983,"depth":106,"text":7984},{"id":8102,"depth":106,"text":8103},{"id":8297,"depth":106,"text":8298},{"id":8528,"depth":106,"text":8529,"children":9842},[9843,9844,9845,9846],{"id":8538,"depth":113,"text":8539},{"id":8634,"depth":113,"text":8635},{"id":8718,"depth":113,"text":8719},{"id":8791,"depth":113,"text":8792},{"id":8879,"depth":106,"text":8880,"children":9848},[9849,9851],{"id":8892,"depth":113,"text":9850},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8932,"depth":113,"text":9852},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":9049,"depth":106,"text":9050},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":9855},[9856,9858,9859,9860],{"id":9219,"depth":113,"text":9857},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9315,"depth":113,"text":9316},{"id":9439,"depth":113,"text":9440},{"id":9546,"depth":113,"text":9861},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9638,"depth":106,"text":9639},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":9864},[9865,9866,9867,9868,9869],{"id":9753,"depth":113,"text":9754},{"id":9764,"depth":113,"text":9765},{"id":9772,"depth":113,"text":9773},{"id":9781,"depth":113,"text":9782},{"id":9790,"depth":113,"text":9791},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7744,"description":9871},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9878,"title":9879,"body":9880,"description":12057,"extension":2749,"meta":12058,"navigation":109,"path":12059,"seo":12060,"stem":12061,"__hash__":12062},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9881,"toc":12019},[9882,9888,9894,9901,9906,9917,9923,10025,10029,10094,10099,10104,10109,10112,10123,10128,10131,10142,10149,10151,10156,10160,10185,10189,10198,10202,10265,10269,10302,10306,10351,10355,10392,10396,10399,10454,10458,10503,10506,10511,10550,10554,10577,10580,10594,10607,10611,10616,10683,10687,10723,10726,10734,10737,10801,10805,10837,10843,10845,10905,10912,10915,10993,10997,11030,11034,11037,11081,11085,11121,11124,11141,11144,11147,11200,11203,11214,11221,11230,11233,11290,11294,11335,11342,11350,11356,11364,11376,11381,11392,11464,11467,11479,11493,11497,11502,11506,11508,11551,11557,11560,11623,11627,11630,11639,11644,11681,11685,11688,11696,11699,11738,11742,11745,11796,11800,11821,11828,11830,11836,11863,11866,11921,11924,11935,11937,11944,11952,11958,11963,11970,11973,11980,11987,11989,12016],[10,9883,4356,9885,4360],{"id":9884},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9886,9887],{},"dict()",[20,9889,9890,9891,9893],{},"The built-in ",[15,9892,9887],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9895,9896,9897,9900],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[166,9898,9899],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9902,9903,9905],{},[15,9904,9887],{}," is commonly used to:",[209,9907,9908,9911,9914],{},[212,9909,9910],{},"create an empty dictionary",[212,9912,9913],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[212,9915,9916],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9918,9919,9920,134],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[348,9921,351],{"href":9922},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F",[39,9924,9926],{"className":41,"code":9925,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9927,9928,9962,9972,9976,10011],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9929,9930,9932,9934,9937,9939,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9955,9957,9960],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9931,602],{"class":54},[48,9933,59],{"class":58},[48,9935,9936],{"class":281}," dict",[48,9938,151],{"class":62},[48,9940,71],{"class":9941},"s99_P",[48,9943,59],{"class":58},[48,9945,311],{"class":66},[48,9947,417],{"class":70},[48,9949,311],{"class":66},[48,9951,87],{"class":62},[48,9953,9954],{"class":9941}," age",[48,9956,59],{"class":58},[48,9958,9959],{"class":99},"25",[48,9961,162],{"class":62},[48,9963,9964,9966,9968,9970],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,9965,276],{"class":147},[48,9967,151],{"class":62},[48,9969,679],{"class":137},[48,9971,162],{"class":62},[48,9973,9974],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,9975,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,9977,9978,9980,9982,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,9979,639],{"class":54},[48,9981,59],{"class":58},[48,9983,9984],{"class":62}," [(",[48,9986,311],{"class":66},[48,9988,348],{"class":70},[48,9990,311],{"class":66},[48,9992,87],{"class":62},[48,9994,618],{"class":99},[48,9996,327],{"class":62},[48,9998,330],{"class":62},[48,10000,311],{"class":66},[48,10002,2059],{"class":70},[48,10004,311],{"class":66},[48,10006,87],{"class":62},[48,10008,632],{"class":99},[48,10010,343],{"class":62},[48,10012,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,10014,276],{"class":147},[48,10016,151],{"class":62},[48,10018,9588],{"class":281},[48,10020,151],{"class":62},[48,10022,667],{"class":137},[48,10024,670],{"class":62},[20,10026,10027],{},[166,10028,168],{},[39,10030,10032],{"className":41,"code":10031,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10033,10034,10066],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10035,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10037,537],{"class":62},[48,10039,311],{"class":66},[48,10041,71],{"class":70},[48,10043,311],{"class":66},[48,10045,76],{"class":62},[48,10047,320],{"class":66},[48,10049,417],{"class":70},[48,10051,311],{"class":66},[48,10053,87],{"class":62},[48,10055,320],{"class":66},[48,10057,92],{"class":70},[48,10059,311],{"class":66},[48,10061,76],{"class":62},[48,10063,100],{"class":99},[48,10065,103],{"class":62},[48,10067,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10069,537],{"class":62},[48,10071,311],{"class":66},[48,10073,348],{"class":70},[48,10075,311],{"class":66},[48,10077,76],{"class":62},[48,10079,618],{"class":99},[48,10081,87],{"class":62},[48,10083,320],{"class":66},[48,10085,2059],{"class":70},[48,10087,311],{"class":66},[48,10089,76],{"class":62},[48,10091,632],{"class":99},[48,10093,103],{"class":62},[20,10095,189,10096,10098],{},[15,10097,9887],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[34,10100,196,10102,199],{"id":10101},"what-dict-does",[15,10103,9887],{},[20,10105,10106,10108],{},[15,10107,9887],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,10110,10111],{},"A dictionary:",[209,10113,10114,10117,10120],{},[212,10115,10116],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[212,10118,10119],{},"lets you look up values by key",[212,10121,10122],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,10124,10125,10127],{},[15,10126,9887],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,10129,10130],{},"Common uses include:",[209,10132,10133,10136,10139],{},[212,10134,10135],{},"making an empty dictionary",[212,10137,10138],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[212,10140,10141],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,10143,10144,10145,134],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[348,10146,10148],{"href":10147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[34,10150,360],{"id":359},[20,10152,10153,10155],{},[15,10154,9887],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1752,10157,10159],{"id":10158},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[39,10161,10163],{"className":41,"code":10162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,10164,10165,10175],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10166,10167,10169,10171,10173],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10168,602],{"class":54},[48,10170,59],{"class":58},[48,10172,9936],{"class":281},[48,10174,380],{"class":62},[48,10176,10177,10179,10181,10183],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10178,276],{"class":147},[48,10180,151],{"class":62},[48,10182,679],{"class":137},[48,10184,162],{"class":62},[20,10186,10187],{},[166,10188,168],{},[39,10190,10192],{"className":41,"code":10191,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{}\n",[15,10193,10194],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10195,10196],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10197,10191],{"class":62},[1752,10199,10201],{"id":10200},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[39,10203,10205],{"className":41,"code":10204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10206,10207,10241,10255],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10208,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10210,639],{"class":54},[48,10212,59],{"class":58},[48,10214,9984],{"class":62},[48,10216,311],{"class":66},[48,10218,348],{"class":70},[48,10220,311],{"class":66},[48,10222,87],{"class":62},[48,10224,618],{"class":99},[48,10226,327],{"class":62},[48,10228,330],{"class":62},[48,10230,311],{"class":66},[48,10232,2059],{"class":70},[48,10234,311],{"class":66},[48,10236,87],{"class":62},[48,10238,632],{"class":99},[48,10240,343],{"class":62},[48,10242,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10244,602],{"class":54},[48,10246,59],{"class":58},[48,10248,9936],{"class":281},[48,10250,151],{"class":62},[48,10252,667],{"class":137},[48,10254,162],{"class":62},[48,10256,10257,10259,10261,10263],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,10258,276],{"class":147},[48,10260,151],{"class":62},[48,10262,679],{"class":137},[48,10264,162],{"class":62},[20,10266,10267],{},[166,10268,168],{},[39,10270,10272],{"className":41,"code":10271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10273,10274],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10275,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10277,537],{"class":62},[48,10279,311],{"class":66},[48,10281,348],{"class":70},[48,10283,311],{"class":66},[48,10285,76],{"class":62},[48,10287,618],{"class":99},[48,10289,87],{"class":62},[48,10291,320],{"class":66},[48,10293,2059],{"class":70},[48,10295,311],{"class":66},[48,10297,76],{"class":62},[48,10299,632],{"class":99},[48,10301,103],{"class":62},[1752,10303,10305],{"id":10304},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[39,10307,10309],{"className":41,"code":10308,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10310,10311,10341],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10312,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10314,602],{"class":54},[48,10316,59],{"class":58},[48,10318,9936],{"class":281},[48,10320,151],{"class":62},[48,10322,71],{"class":9941},[48,10324,59],{"class":58},[48,10326,311],{"class":66},[48,10328,417],{"class":70},[48,10330,311],{"class":66},[48,10332,87],{"class":62},[48,10334,9954],{"class":9941},[48,10336,59],{"class":58},[48,10338,9959],{"class":99},[48,10340,162],{"class":62},[48,10342,10343,10345,10347,10349],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10344,276],{"class":147},[48,10346,151],{"class":62},[48,10348,679],{"class":137},[48,10350,162],{"class":62},[20,10352,10353],{},[166,10354,168],{},[39,10356,10358],{"className":41,"code":10357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10359,10360],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10361,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10363,537],{"class":62},[48,10365,311],{"class":66},[48,10367,71],{"class":70},[48,10369,311],{"class":66},[48,10371,76],{"class":62},[48,10373,320],{"class":66},[48,10375,417],{"class":70},[48,10377,311],{"class":66},[48,10379,87],{"class":62},[48,10381,320],{"class":66},[48,10383,92],{"class":70},[48,10385,311],{"class":66},[48,10387,76],{"class":62},[48,10389,100],{"class":99},[48,10391,103],{"class":62},[1752,10393,10395],{"id":10394},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10397,10398],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[39,10400,10402],{"className":41,"code":10401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10403,10404,10444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10405,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10438,10440,10442],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10407,602],{"class":54},[48,10409,59],{"class":58},[48,10411,9936],{"class":281},[48,10413,505],{"class":62},[48,10415,311],{"class":66},[48,10417,348],{"class":70},[48,10419,311],{"class":66},[48,10421,87],{"class":62},[48,10423,618],{"class":99},[48,10425,10426],{"class":62},")],",[48,10428,3343],{"class":9941},[48,10430,59],{"class":58},[48,10432,2842],{"class":99},[48,10434,87],{"class":62},[48,10436,10437],{"class":9941}," c",[48,10439,59],{"class":58},[48,10441,2848],{"class":99},[48,10443,162],{"class":62},[48,10445,10446,10448,10450,10452],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10447,276],{"class":147},[48,10449,151],{"class":62},[48,10451,679],{"class":137},[48,10453,162],{"class":62},[20,10455,10456],{},[166,10457,168],{},[39,10459,10461],{"className":41,"code":10460,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10462,10463],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10464,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10466,537],{"class":62},[48,10468,311],{"class":66},[48,10470,348],{"class":70},[48,10472,311],{"class":66},[48,10474,76],{"class":62},[48,10476,618],{"class":99},[48,10478,87],{"class":62},[48,10480,320],{"class":66},[48,10482,2059],{"class":70},[48,10484,311],{"class":66},[48,10486,76],{"class":62},[48,10488,632],{"class":99},[48,10490,87],{"class":62},[48,10492,320],{"class":66},[48,10494,2265],{"class":70},[48,10496,311],{"class":66},[48,10498,76],{"class":62},[48,10500,800],{"class":99},[48,10502,103],{"class":62},[34,10504,10159],{"id":10505},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10507,189,10508,10510],{},[15,10509,9887],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[39,10512,10514],{"className":41,"code":10513,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10515,10516,10526,10540],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10517,10518,10520,10522,10524],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10519,602],{"class":54},[48,10521,59],{"class":58},[48,10523,9936],{"class":281},[48,10525,380],{"class":62},[48,10527,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10529,276],{"class":147},[48,10531,151],{"class":62},[48,10533,2094],{"class":281},[48,10535,151],{"class":62},[48,10537,679],{"class":137},[48,10539,670],{"class":62},[48,10541,10542,10544,10546,10548],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,10543,276],{"class":147},[48,10545,151],{"class":62},[48,10547,679],{"class":137},[48,10549,162],{"class":62},[20,10551,10552],{},[166,10553,168],{},[39,10555,10557],{"className":41,"code":10556,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10558,10559,10573],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10560,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10562,2168],{"class":58},[48,10564,2171],{"class":915},[48,10566,320],{"class":66},[48,10568,9588],{"class":70},[48,10570,311],{"class":66},[48,10572,2180],{"class":58},[48,10574,10575],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10576,10191],{"class":62},[20,10578,10579],{},"This gives the same result as:",[39,10581,10583],{"className":41,"code":10582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\n",[15,10584,10585],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10586,10587,10589,10591],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10588,602],{"class":54},[48,10590,59],{"class":58},[48,10592,10593],{"class":62}," {}\n",[20,10595,10596,10597,10599,10600,10603,10604,10606],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10598,4574],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10601,10602],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10605,9887],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[34,10608,10610],{"id":10609},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10612,10613,10614,134],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10615,9887],{},[39,10617,10619],{"className":41,"code":10618,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10620,10621,10659,10673],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10622,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10624,639],{"class":54},[48,10626,59],{"class":58},[48,10628,9984],{"class":62},[48,10630,311],{"class":66},[48,10632,71],{"class":70},[48,10634,311],{"class":66},[48,10636,87],{"class":62},[48,10638,320],{"class":66},[48,10640,417],{"class":70},[48,10642,311],{"class":66},[48,10644,327],{"class":62},[48,10646,330],{"class":62},[48,10648,311],{"class":66},[48,10650,92],{"class":70},[48,10652,311],{"class":66},[48,10654,87],{"class":62},[48,10656,100],{"class":99},[48,10658,343],{"class":62},[48,10660,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10662,602],{"class":54},[48,10664,59],{"class":58},[48,10666,9936],{"class":281},[48,10668,151],{"class":62},[48,10670,667],{"class":137},[48,10672,162],{"class":62},[48,10674,10675,10677,10679,10681],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,10676,276],{"class":147},[48,10678,151],{"class":62},[48,10680,679],{"class":137},[48,10682,162],{"class":62},[20,10684,10685],{},[166,10686,168],{},[39,10688,10689],{"className":41,"code":10357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,10690,10691],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10692,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10694,537],{"class":62},[48,10696,311],{"class":66},[48,10698,71],{"class":70},[48,10700,311],{"class":66},[48,10702,76],{"class":62},[48,10704,320],{"class":66},[48,10706,417],{"class":70},[48,10708,311],{"class":66},[48,10710,87],{"class":62},[48,10712,320],{"class":66},[48,10714,92],{"class":70},[48,10716,311],{"class":66},[48,10718,76],{"class":62},[48,10720,100],{"class":99},[48,10722,103],{"class":62},[20,10724,10725],{},"Each pair becomes:",[209,10727,10728,10731],{},[212,10729,10730],{},"the first item as the key",[212,10732,10733],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10735,10736],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[39,10738,10740],{"className":41,"code":10739,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10741,10742,10777,10791],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10743,10744,10746,10748,10751,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10745,639],{"class":54},[48,10747,59],{"class":58},[48,10749,10750],{"class":62}," ((",[48,10752,311],{"class":66},[48,10754,348],{"class":70},[48,10756,311],{"class":66},[48,10758,87],{"class":62},[48,10760,618],{"class":99},[48,10762,327],{"class":62},[48,10764,330],{"class":62},[48,10766,311],{"class":66},[48,10768,2059],{"class":70},[48,10770,311],{"class":66},[48,10772,87],{"class":62},[48,10774,632],{"class":99},[48,10776,670],{"class":62},[48,10778,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10780,602],{"class":54},[48,10782,59],{"class":58},[48,10784,9936],{"class":281},[48,10786,151],{"class":62},[48,10788,667],{"class":137},[48,10790,162],{"class":62},[48,10792,10793,10795,10797,10799],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,10794,276],{"class":147},[48,10796,151],{"class":62},[48,10798,679],{"class":137},[48,10800,162],{"class":62},[20,10802,10803],{},[166,10804,168],{},[39,10806,10807],{"className":41,"code":10271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,10808,10809],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10810,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10812,537],{"class":62},[48,10814,311],{"class":66},[48,10816,348],{"class":70},[48,10818,311],{"class":66},[48,10820,76],{"class":62},[48,10822,618],{"class":99},[48,10824,87],{"class":62},[48,10826,320],{"class":66},[48,10828,2059],{"class":70},[48,10830,311],{"class":66},[48,10832,76],{"class":62},[48,10834,632],{"class":99},[48,10836,103],{"class":62},[20,10838,10839,10840,134],{},"Each item must contain ",[166,10841,10842],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10844,3618],{},[39,10846,10848],{"className":41,"code":10847,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10849,10850,10890],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10851,10852,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10853,10854],{"class":54},"bad_data ",[48,10856,59],{"class":58},[48,10858,9984],{"class":62},[48,10860,311],{"class":66},[48,10862,348],{"class":70},[48,10864,311],{"class":66},[48,10866,87],{"class":62},[48,10868,618],{"class":99},[48,10870,87],{"class":62},[48,10872,10873],{"class":99}," 100",[48,10875,327],{"class":62},[48,10877,330],{"class":62},[48,10879,311],{"class":66},[48,10881,2059],{"class":70},[48,10883,311],{"class":66},[48,10885,87],{"class":62},[48,10887,632],{"class":99},[48,10889,343],{"class":62},[48,10891,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10903],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10893,449],{"class":54},[48,10895,59],{"class":58},[48,10897,9936],{"class":281},[48,10899,151],{"class":62},[48,10901,10902],{"class":137},"bad_data",[48,10904,162],{"class":62},[20,10906,10907,10908,10911],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10909,10910],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10913,10914],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[39,10916,10918],{"className":41,"code":10917,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10919,10920,10969,10983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10921,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946,10948,10950,10953,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10923,639],{"class":54},[48,10925,59],{"class":58},[48,10927,9984],{"class":62},[48,10929,311],{"class":66},[48,10931,348],{"class":70},[48,10933,311],{"class":66},[48,10935,87],{"class":62},[48,10937,618],{"class":99},[48,10939,327],{"class":62},[48,10941,330],{"class":62},[48,10943,311],{"class":66},[48,10945,348],{"class":70},[48,10947,311],{"class":66},[48,10949,87],{"class":62},[48,10951,10952],{"class":99}," 99",[48,10954,327],{"class":62},[48,10956,330],{"class":62},[48,10958,311],{"class":66},[48,10960,2059],{"class":70},[48,10962,311],{"class":66},[48,10964,87],{"class":62},[48,10966,632],{"class":99},[48,10968,343],{"class":62},[48,10970,10971,10973,10975,10977,10979,10981],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,10972,602],{"class":54},[48,10974,59],{"class":58},[48,10976,9936],{"class":281},[48,10978,151],{"class":62},[48,10980,667],{"class":137},[48,10982,162],{"class":62},[48,10984,10985,10987,10989,10991],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,10986,276],{"class":147},[48,10988,151],{"class":62},[48,10990,679],{"class":137},[48,10992,162],{"class":62},[20,10994,10995],{},[166,10996,168],{},[39,10998,11000],{"className":41,"code":10999,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,11001,11002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11003,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11005,537],{"class":62},[48,11007,311],{"class":66},[48,11009,348],{"class":70},[48,11011,311],{"class":66},[48,11013,76],{"class":62},[48,11015,10952],{"class":99},[48,11017,87],{"class":62},[48,11019,320],{"class":66},[48,11021,2059],{"class":70},[48,11023,311],{"class":66},[48,11025,76],{"class":62},[48,11027,632],{"class":99},[48,11029,103],{"class":62},[34,11031,11033],{"id":11032},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,11035,11036],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[39,11038,11039],{"className":41,"code":10308,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,11040,11041,11071],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11042,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11044,602],{"class":54},[48,11046,59],{"class":58},[48,11048,9936],{"class":281},[48,11050,151],{"class":62},[48,11052,71],{"class":9941},[48,11054,59],{"class":58},[48,11056,311],{"class":66},[48,11058,417],{"class":70},[48,11060,311],{"class":66},[48,11062,87],{"class":62},[48,11064,9954],{"class":9941},[48,11066,59],{"class":58},[48,11068,9959],{"class":99},[48,11070,162],{"class":62},[48,11072,11073,11075,11077,11079],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11074,276],{"class":147},[48,11076,151],{"class":62},[48,11078,679],{"class":137},[48,11080,162],{"class":62},[20,11082,11083],{},[166,11084,168],{},[39,11086,11087],{"className":41,"code":10357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,11088,11089],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11090,11091,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11092,537],{"class":62},[48,11094,311],{"class":66},[48,11096,71],{"class":70},[48,11098,311],{"class":66},[48,11100,76],{"class":62},[48,11102,320],{"class":66},[48,11104,417],{"class":70},[48,11106,311],{"class":66},[48,11108,87],{"class":62},[48,11110,320],{"class":66},[48,11112,92],{"class":70},[48,11114,311],{"class":66},[48,11116,76],{"class":62},[48,11118,100],{"class":99},[48,11120,103],{"class":62},[20,11122,11123],{},"In this form:",[209,11125,11126,11134],{},[212,11127,11128,11130,11131],{},[15,11129,71],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,11132,11133],{},"'name'",[212,11135,11136,11130,11138],{},[15,11137,92],{},[15,11139,11140],{},"'age'",[20,11142,11143],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,11145,11146],{},"Valid examples:",[39,11148,11150],{"className":41,"code":11149,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11151,11152,11190],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11153,11154,11156,11158,11160,11162,11165,11167,11169,11172,11174,11176,11179,11181,11183,11186,11188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11155,602],{"class":54},[48,11157,59],{"class":58},[48,11159,9936],{"class":281},[48,11161,151],{"class":62},[48,11163,11164],{"class":9941},"city",[48,11166,59],{"class":58},[48,11168,311],{"class":66},[48,11170,11171],{"class":70},"Paris",[48,11173,311],{"class":66},[48,11175,87],{"class":62},[48,11177,11178],{"class":9941}," country",[48,11180,59],{"class":58},[48,11182,311],{"class":66},[48,11184,11185],{"class":70},"France",[48,11187,311],{"class":66},[48,11189,162],{"class":62},[48,11191,11192,11194,11196,11198],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11193,276],{"class":147},[48,11195,151],{"class":62},[48,11197,679],{"class":137},[48,11199,162],{"class":62},[20,11201,11202],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[209,11204,11205,11208,11211],{},[212,11206,11207],{},"spaces",[212,11209,11210],{},"hyphens",[212,11212,11213],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,11215,11216,11217,11220],{},"For example, this is ",[166,11218,11219],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[39,11222,11224],{"className":41,"code":11223,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,11225,11226],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11227,11228],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11229,11223],{"class":4445},[20,11231,11232],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[39,11234,11236],{"className":41,"code":11235,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11237,11238,11280],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11239,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11241,602],{"class":54},[48,11243,59],{"class":58},[48,11245,63],{"class":62},[48,11247,311],{"class":66},[48,11249,11250],{"class":70},"first-name",[48,11252,311],{"class":66},[48,11254,76],{"class":62},[48,11256,320],{"class":66},[48,11258,8446],{"class":70},[48,11260,311],{"class":66},[48,11262,87],{"class":62},[48,11264,320],{"class":66},[48,11266,11267],{"class":70},"first name",[48,11269,311],{"class":66},[48,11271,76],{"class":62},[48,11273,320],{"class":66},[48,11275,8446],{"class":70},[48,11277,311],{"class":66},[48,11279,103],{"class":62},[48,11281,11282,11284,11286,11288],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11283,276],{"class":147},[48,11285,151],{"class":62},[48,11287,679],{"class":137},[48,11289,162],{"class":62},[20,11291,11292],{},[166,11293,168],{},[39,11295,11297],{"className":41,"code":11296,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11298,11299],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11300,11301,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311,11313,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323,11325,11327,11329,11331,11333],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11302,537],{"class":62},[48,11304,311],{"class":66},[48,11306,11250],{"class":70},[48,11308,311],{"class":66},[48,11310,76],{"class":62},[48,11312,320],{"class":66},[48,11314,8446],{"class":70},[48,11316,311],{"class":66},[48,11318,87],{"class":62},[48,11320,320],{"class":66},[48,11322,11267],{"class":70},[48,11324,311],{"class":66},[48,11326,76],{"class":62},[48,11328,320],{"class":66},[48,11330,8446],{"class":70},[48,11332,311],{"class":66},[48,11334,103],{"class":62},[34,11336,11338,1306,11340],{"id":11337},"dict-vs",[15,11339,9887],{},[15,11341,4574],{},[20,11343,11344,11345,5174,11347,11349],{},"Both ",[15,11346,9887],{},[15,11348,4574],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1752,11351,189,11353,11355],{"id":11352},"use-when",[15,11354,4574],{}," when:",[209,11357,11358,11361],{},[212,11359,11360],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[212,11362,11363],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[39,11365,11366],{"className":41,"code":10582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,11367,11368],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11369,11370,11372,11374],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11371,602],{"class":54},[48,11373,59],{"class":58},[48,11375,10593],{"class":62},[1752,11377,189,11379,11355],{"id":11378},"use-dict-when",[15,11380,9887],{},[209,11382,11383,11386,11389],{},[212,11384,11385],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[212,11387,11388],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[212,11390,11391],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[39,11393,11395],{"className":41,"code":11394,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11396,11397,11433],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11398,11399,11401,11403,11405,11407,11409,11411,11413,11415,11417,11419,11421,11423,11425,11427,11429,11431],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11400,602],{"class":54},[48,11402,59],{"class":58},[48,11404,9936],{"class":281},[48,11406,505],{"class":62},[48,11408,311],{"class":66},[48,11410,348],{"class":70},[48,11412,311],{"class":66},[48,11414,87],{"class":62},[48,11416,618],{"class":99},[48,11418,327],{"class":62},[48,11420,330],{"class":62},[48,11422,311],{"class":66},[48,11424,2059],{"class":70},[48,11426,311],{"class":66},[48,11428,87],{"class":62},[48,11430,632],{"class":99},[48,11432,532],{"class":62},[48,11434,11435,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452,11454,11456,11458,11460,11462],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11436,11437],{"class":54},"info ",[48,11439,59],{"class":58},[48,11441,9936],{"class":281},[48,11443,151],{"class":62},[48,11445,71],{"class":9941},[48,11447,59],{"class":58},[48,11449,311],{"class":66},[48,11451,417],{"class":70},[48,11453,311],{"class":66},[48,11455,87],{"class":62},[48,11457,9954],{"class":9941},[48,11459,59],{"class":58},[48,11461,9959],{"class":99},[48,11463,162],{"class":62},[20,11465,11466],{},"So:",[209,11468,11469,11474],{},[212,11470,11471,11473],{},[15,11472,4574],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[212,11475,11476,11478],{},[15,11477,9887],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11480,11481,11482,11486,11487,134],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[348,11483,11485],{"href":11484},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[348,11488,2686,11490,2689],{"href":11489},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[15,11491,11492],{},"get()",[34,11494,11496],{"id":11495},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11498,11499,11500,134],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11501,9887],{},[1752,11503,11505],{"id":11504},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11507,5307],{},[39,11509,11511],{"className":41,"code":11510,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11512,11513,11537],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11514,11515,11517,11519,11521,11523,11525,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11516,8549],{"class":54},[48,11518,59],{"class":58},[48,11520,4404],{"class":62},[48,11522,311],{"class":66},[48,11524,348],{"class":70},[48,11526,311],{"class":66},[48,11528,87],{"class":62},[48,11530,320],{"class":66},[48,11532,2059],{"class":70},[48,11534,311],{"class":66},[48,11536,1465],{"class":62},[48,11538,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11540,602],{"class":54},[48,11542,59],{"class":58},[48,11544,9936],{"class":281},[48,11546,151],{"class":62},[48,11548,138],{"class":137},[48,11550,162],{"class":62},[20,11552,11553,11554,134],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11555,11556],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11558,11559],{},"Correct version:",[39,11561,11563],{"className":41,"code":11562,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11564,11565,11599,11613],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11566,11567,11569,11571,11573,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11597],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11568,8549],{"class":54},[48,11570,59],{"class":58},[48,11572,9984],{"class":62},[48,11574,311],{"class":66},[48,11576,348],{"class":70},[48,11578,311],{"class":66},[48,11580,87],{"class":62},[48,11582,618],{"class":99},[48,11584,327],{"class":62},[48,11586,330],{"class":62},[48,11588,311],{"class":66},[48,11590,2059],{"class":70},[48,11592,311],{"class":66},[48,11594,87],{"class":62},[48,11596,632],{"class":99},[48,11598,343],{"class":62},[48,11600,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11602,602],{"class":54},[48,11604,59],{"class":58},[48,11606,9936],{"class":281},[48,11608,151],{"class":62},[48,11610,138],{"class":137},[48,11612,162],{"class":62},[48,11614,11615,11617,11619,11621],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,11616,276],{"class":147},[48,11618,151],{"class":62},[48,11620,679],{"class":137},[48,11622,162],{"class":62},[1752,11624,11626],{"id":11625},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11628,11629],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[39,11631,11633],{"className":41,"code":11632,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11634,11635],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11636,11637],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11638,11632],{"class":4445},[20,11640,11641,11642,76],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11643,59],{},[39,11645,11647],{"className":41,"code":11646,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11648,11649,11671],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11650,11651,11653,11655,11657,11659,11661,11663,11665,11667,11669],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11652,602],{"class":54},[48,11654,59],{"class":58},[48,11656,9936],{"class":281},[48,11658,151],{"class":62},[48,11660,71],{"class":9941},[48,11662,59],{"class":58},[48,11664,311],{"class":66},[48,11666,417],{"class":70},[48,11668,311],{"class":66},[48,11670,162],{"class":62},[48,11672,11673,11675,11677,11679],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11674,276],{"class":147},[48,11676,151],{"class":62},[48,11678,679],{"class":137},[48,11680,162],{"class":62},[1752,11682,11684],{"id":11683},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11686,11687],{},"This will not work:",[39,11689,11690],{"className":41,"code":11223,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,11691,11692],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11693,11694],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11695,11223],{"class":4445},[20,11697,11698],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[39,11700,11702],{"className":41,"code":11701,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11703,11704,11728],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11705,11706,11708,11710,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11726],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11707,602],{"class":54},[48,11709,59],{"class":58},[48,11711,63],{"class":62},[48,11713,311],{"class":66},[48,11715,11250],{"class":70},[48,11717,311],{"class":66},[48,11719,76],{"class":62},[48,11721,320],{"class":66},[48,11723,8446],{"class":70},[48,11725,311],{"class":66},[48,11727,103],{"class":62},[48,11729,11730,11732,11734,11736],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11731,276],{"class":147},[48,11733,151],{"class":62},[48,11735,679],{"class":137},[48,11737,162],{"class":62},[1752,11739,11741],{"id":11740},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11743,11744],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[39,11746,11748],{"className":41,"code":11747,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11749,11750,11786],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11751,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11753,602],{"class":54},[48,11755,59],{"class":58},[48,11757,9936],{"class":281},[48,11759,505],{"class":62},[48,11761,311],{"class":66},[48,11763,611],{"class":70},[48,11765,311],{"class":66},[48,11767,87],{"class":62},[48,11769,618],{"class":99},[48,11771,327],{"class":62},[48,11773,330],{"class":62},[48,11775,311],{"class":66},[48,11777,611],{"class":70},[48,11779,311],{"class":66},[48,11781,87],{"class":62},[48,11783,632],{"class":99},[48,11785,532],{"class":62},[48,11787,11788,11790,11792,11794],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11789,276],{"class":147},[48,11791,151],{"class":62},[48,11793,679],{"class":137},[48,11795,162],{"class":62},[20,11797,11798],{},[166,11799,168],{},[39,11801,11803],{"className":41,"code":11802,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11804,11805],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11806,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11808,537],{"class":62},[48,11810,311],{"class":66},[48,11812,611],{"class":70},[48,11814,311],{"class":66},[48,11816,76],{"class":62},[48,11818,632],{"class":99},[48,11820,103],{"class":62},[20,11822,11823,11824,134],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[348,11825,11827],{"href":11826},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[34,11829,1745],{"id":1744},[20,11831,11832,11833,11835],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11834,9887],{}," include:",[209,11837,11838,11848,11854,11857],{},[212,11839,11840,11841,11844,11845],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11842,11843],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11846,11847],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[212,11849,11850,11851],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11852,11853],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[212,11855,11856],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[212,11858,11859,11860,11862],{},"confusing ",[15,11861,9887],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11864,11865],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[39,11867,11869],{"className":41,"code":11868,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11870,11871,11885,11895,11906],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11872,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11874,276],{"class":147},[48,11876,151],{"class":62},[48,11878,2094],{"class":281},[48,11880,151],{"class":62},[48,11882,679],{"class":137},[48,11884,670],{"class":62},[48,11886,11887,11889,11891,11893],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,11888,276],{"class":147},[48,11890,151],{"class":62},[48,11892,679],{"class":137},[48,11894,162],{"class":62},[48,11896,11897,11899,11901,11904],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,11898,276],{"class":147},[48,11900,151],{"class":62},[48,11902,11903],{"class":137},"list_of_pairs",[48,11905,162],{"class":62},[48,11907,11908,11910,11912,11915,11917,11919],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,11909,276],{"class":147},[48,11911,151],{"class":62},[48,11913,11914],{"class":147},"len",[48,11916,151],{"class":62},[48,11918,11903],{"class":137},[48,11920,670],{"class":62},[20,11922,11923],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[209,11925,11926,11929,11932],{},[212,11927,11928],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[212,11930,11931],{},"what data is being passed in",[212,11933,11934],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[34,11936,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,11938,5957,11940,5174,11942,2623],{"id":11939},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11941,9887],{},[15,11943,4574],{},[20,11945,11946,11948,11949,11951],{},[15,11947,4574],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11950,9887],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1752,11953,5947,11955,11957],{"id":11954},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11956,9887],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11959,11960,11961,134],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11962,11847],{},[1752,11964,5935,11966,11969],{"id":11965},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11967,11968],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11971,11972],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1752,11974,11976,11977,11979],{"id":11975},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11978,9887],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11981,11982,11983,11986],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11984,11985],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[34,11988,2679],{"id":2678},[209,11990,11991,11996,12000,12005,12011],{},[212,11992,11993],{},[348,11994,11995],{"href":10147},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[212,11997,11998],{},[348,11999,351],{"href":9922},[212,12001,12002],{},[348,12003,12004],{"href":11484},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[212,12006,12007],{},[348,12008,2686,12009,2689],{"href":11489},[15,12010,11492],{},[212,12012,12013],{},[348,12014,12015],{"href":11826},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2711,12017,12018],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":12020},[12021,12023,12029,12030,12031,12032,12039,12045,12046,12056],{"id":10101,"depth":106,"text":12022},"What dict() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":12024},[12025,12026,12027,12028],{"id":10158,"depth":113,"text":10159},{"id":10200,"depth":113,"text":10201},{"id":10304,"depth":113,"text":10305},{"id":10394,"depth":113,"text":10395},{"id":10505,"depth":106,"text":10159},{"id":10609,"depth":106,"text":10610},{"id":11032,"depth":106,"text":11033},{"id":11337,"depth":106,"text":12033,"children":12034},"dict() vs {}",[12035,12037],{"id":11352,"depth":113,"text":12036},"Use {} when:",{"id":11378,"depth":113,"text":12038},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11495,"depth":106,"text":11496,"children":12040},[12041,12042,12043,12044],{"id":11504,"depth":113,"text":11505},{"id":11625,"depth":113,"text":11626},{"id":11683,"depth":113,"text":11684},{"id":11740,"depth":113,"text":11741},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":12047},[12048,12050,12052,12054],{"id":11939,"depth":113,"text":12049},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11954,"depth":113,"text":12051},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11965,"depth":113,"text":12053},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11975,"depth":113,"text":12055},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9879,"description":12057},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":12064,"title":12065,"body":12066,"description":13565,"extension":2749,"meta":13566,"navigation":109,"path":13567,"seo":13568,"stem":13569,"__hash__":13570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":12067,"toc":13534},[12068,12074,12080,12087,12089,12150,12155,12160,12165,12183,12186,12190,12192,12207,12209,12222,12226,12229,12360,12362,12429,12432,12448,12454,12460,12463,12542,12544,12558,12562,12568,12633,12635,12643,12646,12669,12675,12738,12744,12747,12761,12774,12778,12789,12794,12805,12812,12816,12822,12944,12946,12972,12975,12992,12995,13106,13108,13157,13159,13172,13181,13186,13191,13202,13204,13305,13328,13330,13334,13353,13356,13414,13417,13443,13445,13451,13454,13460,13464,13471,13479,13485,13488,13490,13531],[10,12069,13,12071,18],{"id":12070},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,12072,12073],{},"clear()",[20,12075,12076,12079],{},[15,12077,12078],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,12081,12082,12083,12086],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[166,12084,12085],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[34,12088,37],{"id":36},[39,12090,12092],{"className":41,"code":12091,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,12093,12094,12126,12137],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12095,12096,12098,12100,12102,12104,12106,12108,12110,12112,12114,12116,12118,12120,12122,12124],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12097,602],{"class":54},[48,12099,59],{"class":58},[48,12101,63],{"class":62},[48,12103,67],{"class":66},[48,12105,348],{"class":70},[48,12107,67],{"class":66},[48,12109,76],{"class":62},[48,12111,618],{"class":99},[48,12113,87],{"class":62},[48,12115,79],{"class":66},[48,12117,2059],{"class":70},[48,12119,67],{"class":66},[48,12121,76],{"class":62},[48,12123,632],{"class":99},[48,12125,103],{"class":62},[48,12127,12128,12130,12132,12135],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12129,679],{"class":54},[48,12131,134],{"class":62},[48,12133,12134],{"class":137},"clear",[48,12136,380],{"class":62},[48,12138,12139,12141,12143,12145,12147],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,12140,276],{"class":147},[48,12142,151],{"class":62},[48,12144,679],{"class":137},[48,12146,4442],{"class":62},[48,12148,12149],{"class":4445},"  # {}\n",[20,12151,12152,12154],{},[15,12153,12073],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[34,12156,196,12158,199],{"id":12157},"what-clear-does",[15,12159,12073],{},[20,12161,22,12162,12164],{},[15,12163,12073],{}," method:",[209,12166,12167,12170,12173,12178],{},[212,12168,12169],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[212,12171,12172],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[212,12174,12175,12176],{},"Returns ",[15,12177,4560],{},[212,12179,12180,12181],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,12182,4574],{},[20,12184,12185],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,12187,9919,12188,134],{},[348,12189,351],{"href":9922},[34,12191,360],{"id":359},[39,12193,12195],{"className":41,"code":12194,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,12196,12197],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12198,12199,12201,12203,12205],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12200,373],{"class":54},[48,12202,134],{"class":62},[48,12204,12134],{"class":137},[48,12206,380],{"class":62},[20,12208,207],{},[209,12210,12211,12216,12219],{},[212,12212,12213,12215],{},[15,12214,12073],{}," takes no arguments",[212,12217,12218],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[212,12220,12221],{},"It empties that dictionary",[34,12223,12225],{"id":12224},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,12227,12228],{},"Here is a basic example:",[39,12230,12232],{"className":41,"code":12231,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,12233,12234,12243,12262,12276,12293,12297,12301,12321,12325,12336,12340],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12235,12236,12239,12241],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12237,12238],{"class":54},"user ",[48,12240,59],{"class":58},[48,12242,1586],{"class":62},[48,12244,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255,12258,12260],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12246,1591],{"class":66},[48,12248,71],{"class":70},[48,12250,67],{"class":66},[48,12252,76],{"class":62},[48,12254,79],{"class":66},[48,12256,12257],{"class":70},"Maya",[48,12259,67],{"class":66},[48,12261,1608],{"class":62},[48,12263,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,12265,1591],{"class":66},[48,12267,92],{"class":70},[48,12269,67],{"class":66},[48,12271,76],{"class":62},[48,12273,100],{"class":99},[48,12275,1608],{"class":62},[48,12277,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12291],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,12279,1591],{"class":66},[48,12281,11164],{"class":70},[48,12283,67],{"class":66},[48,12285,76],{"class":62},[48,12287,79],{"class":66},[48,12289,12290],{"class":70},"Berlin",[48,12292,4138],{"class":66},[48,12294,12295],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,12296,103],{"class":62},[48,12298,12299],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,12300,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12302,12303,12305,12307,12309,12312,12314,12316,12319],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,12304,276],{"class":147},[48,12306,151],{"class":62},[48,12308,67],{"class":66},[48,12310,12311],{"class":70},"Before:",[48,12313,67],{"class":66},[48,12315,87],{"class":62},[48,12317,12318],{"class":137}," user",[48,12320,162],{"class":62},[48,12322,12323],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,12324,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12326,12327,12330,12332,12334],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,12328,12329],{"class":54},"user",[48,12331,134],{"class":62},[48,12333,12134],{"class":137},[48,12335,380],{"class":62},[48,12337,12338],{"class":50,"line":7207},[48,12339,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349,12352,12354,12356,12358],{"class":50,"line":12342},11,[48,12344,276],{"class":147},[48,12346,151],{"class":62},[48,12348,67],{"class":66},[48,12350,12351],{"class":70},"After:",[48,12353,67],{"class":66},[48,12355,87],{"class":62},[48,12357,12318],{"class":137},[48,12359,162],{"class":62},[20,12361,6336],{},[39,12363,12365],{"className":41,"code":12364,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12366,12367,12420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12368,12369,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384,12386,12388,12390,12392,12394,12396,12398,12400,12402,12404,12406,12408,12410,12412,12414,12416,12418],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12370,12371],{"class":54},"Before",[48,12373,76],{"class":62},[48,12375,63],{"class":62},[48,12377,311],{"class":66},[48,12379,71],{"class":70},[48,12381,311],{"class":66},[48,12383,76],{"class":62},[48,12385,320],{"class":66},[48,12387,12257],{"class":70},[48,12389,311],{"class":66},[48,12391,87],{"class":62},[48,12393,320],{"class":66},[48,12395,92],{"class":70},[48,12397,311],{"class":66},[48,12399,76],{"class":62},[48,12401,100],{"class":99},[48,12403,87],{"class":62},[48,12405,320],{"class":66},[48,12407,11164],{"class":70},[48,12409,311],{"class":66},[48,12411,76],{"class":62},[48,12413,320],{"class":66},[48,12415,12290],{"class":70},[48,12417,311],{"class":66},[48,12419,103],{"class":62},[48,12421,12422,12425,12427],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12423,12424],{"class":54},"After",[48,12426,76],{"class":62},[48,12428,10593],{"class":62},[20,12430,12431],{},"What happens here:",[209,12433,12434,12439,12445],{},[212,12435,12436,12438],{},[15,12437,12329],{}," starts with three items",[212,12440,12441,12444],{},[15,12442,12443],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[212,12446,12447],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[34,12449,196,12451,12453],{"id":12450},"what-clear-returns",[15,12452,12073],{}," returns",[20,12455,12456,3181,12458,134],{},[15,12457,12073],{},[15,12459,4560],{},[20,12461,12462],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[39,12464,12466],{"className":41,"code":12465,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12467,12468,12500,12504,12518,12522,12532],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12469,12470,12472,12474,12476,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488,12490,12492,12494,12496,12498],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12471,2038],{"class":54},[48,12473,59],{"class":58},[48,12475,63],{"class":62},[48,12477,67],{"class":66},[48,12479,611],{"class":70},[48,12481,67],{"class":66},[48,12483,76],{"class":62},[48,12485,618],{"class":99},[48,12487,87],{"class":62},[48,12489,79],{"class":66},[48,12491,625],{"class":70},[48,12493,67],{"class":66},[48,12495,76],{"class":62},[48,12497,632],{"class":99},[48,12499,103],{"class":62},[48,12501,12502],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12503,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12505,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,12507,449],{"class":54},[48,12509,59],{"class":58},[48,12511,2646],{"class":54},[48,12513,134],{"class":62},[48,12515,12134],{"class":137},[48,12517,380],{"class":62},[48,12519,12520],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,12521,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12523,12524,12526,12528,12530],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,12525,276],{"class":147},[48,12527,151],{"class":62},[48,12529,474],{"class":137},[48,12531,162],{"class":62},[48,12533,12534,12536,12538,12540],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,12535,276],{"class":147},[48,12537,151],{"class":62},[48,12539,373],{"class":137},[48,12541,162],{"class":62},[20,12543,168],{},[39,12545,12547],{"className":41,"code":12546,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n{}\n",[15,12548,12549,12554],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12550,12551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12552,12553],{"class":1642},"None\n",[48,12555,12556],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12557,10191],{"class":62},[1752,12559,12561],{"id":12560},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12563,12564,12565,12567],{},"Do ",[166,12566,5413],{}," do this:",[39,12569,12571],{"className":41,"code":12570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12572,12573,12605,12619,12623],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12574,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591,12593,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12576,2038],{"class":54},[48,12578,59],{"class":58},[48,12580,63],{"class":62},[48,12582,67],{"class":66},[48,12584,611],{"class":70},[48,12586,67],{"class":66},[48,12588,76],{"class":62},[48,12590,618],{"class":99},[48,12592,87],{"class":62},[48,12594,79],{"class":66},[48,12596,625],{"class":70},[48,12598,67],{"class":66},[48,12600,76],{"class":62},[48,12602,632],{"class":99},[48,12604,103],{"class":62},[48,12606,12607,12609,12611,12613,12615,12617],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12608,2038],{"class":54},[48,12610,59],{"class":58},[48,12612,2646],{"class":54},[48,12614,134],{"class":62},[48,12616,12134],{"class":137},[48,12618,380],{"class":62},[48,12620,12621],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,12622,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12624,12625,12627,12629,12631],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,12626,276],{"class":147},[48,12628,151],{"class":62},[48,12630,373],{"class":137},[48,12632,162],{"class":62},[20,12634,168],{},[39,12636,12637],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,12638,12639],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12640,12641],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12642,12553],{"class":1642},[20,12644,12645],{},"Why this happens:",[209,12647,12648,12654,12659],{},[212,12649,12650,12653],{},[15,12651,12652],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[212,12655,12656,12657],{},"The method returns ",[15,12658,4560],{},[212,12660,12661,12662,12665,12666,12668],{},"Then ",[15,12663,12664],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12667,4560],{}," in the variable",[20,12670,12671,12672,12674],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12673,12073],{}," by itself:",[39,12676,12678],{"className":41,"code":12677,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12679,12680,12712,12722,12726],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12681,12682,12684,12686,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12683,2038],{"class":54},[48,12685,59],{"class":58},[48,12687,63],{"class":62},[48,12689,67],{"class":66},[48,12691,611],{"class":70},[48,12693,67],{"class":66},[48,12695,76],{"class":62},[48,12697,618],{"class":99},[48,12699,87],{"class":62},[48,12701,79],{"class":66},[48,12703,625],{"class":70},[48,12705,67],{"class":66},[48,12707,76],{"class":62},[48,12709,632],{"class":99},[48,12711,103],{"class":62},[48,12713,12714,12716,12718,12720],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12715,373],{"class":54},[48,12717,134],{"class":62},[48,12719,12134],{"class":137},[48,12721,380],{"class":62},[48,12723,12724],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,12725,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12727,12728,12730,12732,12734,12736],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,12729,276],{"class":147},[48,12731,151],{"class":62},[48,12733,373],{"class":137},[48,12735,4442],{"class":62},[48,12737,12149],{"class":4445},[34,12739,12741,12743],{"id":12740},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12742,12073],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12745,12746],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[39,12748,12749],{"className":41,"code":12194,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,12750,12751],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12752,12753,12755,12757,12759],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12754,373],{"class":54},[48,12756,134],{"class":62},[48,12758,12134],{"class":137},[48,12760,380],{"class":62},[39,12762,12764],{"className":41,"code":12763,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12765,12766],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12767,12768,12770,12772],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12769,2038],{"class":54},[48,12771,59],{"class":58},[48,12773,10593],{"class":62},[1752,12775,12776],{"id":12134},[15,12777,12073],{},[209,12779,12780,12783,12786],{},[212,12781,12782],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[212,12784,12785],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[212,12787,12788],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1752,12790,12791],{"id":373},[15,12792,12793],{},"my_dict = {}",[209,12795,12796,12799,12802],{},[212,12797,12798],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[212,12800,12801],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[212,12803,12804],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12806,12807,12808,134],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[348,12809,12811],{"href":12810},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[34,12813,12815],{"id":12814},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12817,12818,12819,12821],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12820,12073],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[39,12823,12825],{"className":41,"code":12824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12826,12827,12860,12870,12874,12885,12889,12909,12929],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12828,12829,12832,12834,12836,12838,12840,12842,12844,12846,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12830,12831],{"class":54},"original ",[48,12833,59],{"class":58},[48,12835,63],{"class":62},[48,12837,67],{"class":66},[48,12839,348],{"class":70},[48,12841,67],{"class":66},[48,12843,76],{"class":62},[48,12845,618],{"class":99},[48,12847,87],{"class":62},[48,12849,79],{"class":66},[48,12851,2059],{"class":70},[48,12853,67],{"class":66},[48,12855,76],{"class":62},[48,12857,632],{"class":99},[48,12859,103],{"class":62},[48,12861,12862,12865,12867],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12863,12864],{"class":54},"other_ref ",[48,12866,59],{"class":58},[48,12868,12869],{"class":54}," original\n",[48,12871,12872],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,12873,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12875,12876,12879,12881,12883],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,12877,12878],{"class":54},"original",[48,12880,134],{"class":62},[48,12882,12134],{"class":137},[48,12884,380],{"class":62},[48,12886,12887],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,12888,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,12890,12891,12893,12895,12897,12900,12902,12904,12907],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,12892,276],{"class":147},[48,12894,151],{"class":62},[48,12896,67],{"class":66},[48,12898,12899],{"class":70},"original:",[48,12901,67],{"class":66},[48,12903,87],{"class":62},[48,12905,12906],{"class":137}," original",[48,12908,162],{"class":62},[48,12910,12911,12913,12915,12917,12920,12922,12924,12927],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,12912,276],{"class":147},[48,12914,151],{"class":62},[48,12916,67],{"class":66},[48,12918,12919],{"class":70},"other_ref:",[48,12921,67],{"class":66},[48,12923,87],{"class":62},[48,12925,12926],{"class":137}," other_ref",[48,12928,162],{"class":62},[48,12930,12931,12933,12935,12937,12940,12942],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,12932,276],{"class":147},[48,12934,151],{"class":62},[48,12936,12831],{"class":137},[48,12938,12939],{"class":116},"is",[48,12941,12926],{"class":137},[48,12943,162],{"class":62},[20,12945,168],{},[39,12947,12949],{"className":41,"code":12948,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12950,12951,12959,12968],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12952,12953,12955,12957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12954,12878],{"class":54},[48,12956,76],{"class":62},[48,12958,10593],{"class":62},[48,12960,12961,12964,12966],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,12962,12963],{"class":54},"other_ref",[48,12965,76],{"class":62},[48,12967,10593],{"class":62},[48,12969,12970],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,12971,4761],{"class":1642},[20,12973,12974],{},"This shows:",[209,12976,12977,12984,12989],{},[212,12978,12979,5174,12981,12983],{},[15,12980,12878],{},[15,12982,12963],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[212,12985,12986,12988],{},[15,12987,12073],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[212,12990,12991],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12993,12994],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[39,12996,12998],{"className":41,"code":12997,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12999,13000,13032,13040,13044,13052,13056,13074,13092],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13001,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13003,12831],{"class":54},[48,13005,59],{"class":58},[48,13007,63],{"class":62},[48,13009,67],{"class":66},[48,13011,348],{"class":70},[48,13013,67],{"class":66},[48,13015,76],{"class":62},[48,13017,618],{"class":99},[48,13019,87],{"class":62},[48,13021,79],{"class":66},[48,13023,2059],{"class":70},[48,13025,67],{"class":66},[48,13027,76],{"class":62},[48,13029,632],{"class":99},[48,13031,103],{"class":62},[48,13033,13034,13036,13038],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,13035,12864],{"class":54},[48,13037,59],{"class":58},[48,13039,12869],{"class":54},[48,13041,13042],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,13043,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,13045,13046,13048,13050],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,13047,12831],{"class":54},[48,13049,59],{"class":58},[48,13051,10593],{"class":62},[48,13053,13054],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,13055,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,13057,13058,13060,13062,13064,13066,13068,13070,13072],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,13059,276],{"class":147},[48,13061,151],{"class":62},[48,13063,67],{"class":66},[48,13065,12899],{"class":70},[48,13067,67],{"class":66},[48,13069,87],{"class":62},[48,13071,12906],{"class":137},[48,13073,162],{"class":62},[48,13075,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,13077,276],{"class":147},[48,13079,151],{"class":62},[48,13081,67],{"class":66},[48,13083,12919],{"class":70},[48,13085,67],{"class":66},[48,13087,87],{"class":62},[48,13089,12926],{"class":137},[48,13091,162],{"class":62},[48,13093,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,13095,276],{"class":147},[48,13097,151],{"class":62},[48,13099,12831],{"class":137},[48,13101,12939],{"class":116},[48,13103,12926],{"class":137},[48,13105,162],{"class":62},[20,13107,168],{},[39,13109,13111],{"className":41,"code":13110,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13112,13113,13121,13153],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13114,13115,13117,13119],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13116,12878],{"class":54},[48,13118,76],{"class":62},[48,13120,10593],{"class":62},[48,13122,13123,13125,13127,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149,13151],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,13124,12963],{"class":54},[48,13126,76],{"class":62},[48,13128,63],{"class":62},[48,13130,311],{"class":66},[48,13132,348],{"class":70},[48,13134,311],{"class":66},[48,13136,76],{"class":62},[48,13138,618],{"class":99},[48,13140,87],{"class":62},[48,13142,320],{"class":66},[48,13144,2059],{"class":70},[48,13146,311],{"class":66},[48,13148,76],{"class":62},[48,13150,632],{"class":99},[48,13152,103],{"class":62},[48,13154,13155],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,13156,4822],{"class":1642},[20,13158,2962],{},[209,13160,13161,13167],{},[212,13162,13163,13166],{},[15,13164,13165],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[212,13168,13169,13171],{},[15,13170,12963],{}," still points to the old one",[20,13173,13174,13175,134],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[348,13176,13178],{"href":13177},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,13179,13180],{},"dict.copy()",[34,13182,1545,13184],{"id":13183},"when-to-use-clear",[15,13185,12073],{},[20,13187,13188,13190],{},[15,13189,12073],{}," is useful when you want to:",[209,13192,13193,13196,13199],{},[212,13194,13195],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[212,13197,13198],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[212,13200,13201],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,13203,226],{},[39,13205,13207],{"className":41,"code":13206,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,13208,13209,13218,13234,13252,13265,13269,13273,13278,13289,13293],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13210,13211,13214,13216],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13212,13213],{"class":54},"session_data ",[48,13215,59],{"class":58},[48,13217,1586],{"class":62},[48,13219,13220,13222,13225,13227,13229,13232],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,13221,1591],{"class":66},[48,13223,13224],{"class":70},"user_id",[48,13226,67],{"class":66},[48,13228,76],{"class":62},[48,13230,13231],{"class":99}," 101",[48,13233,1608],{"class":62},[48,13235,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,13237,1591],{"class":66},[48,13239,1594],{"class":70},[48,13241,67],{"class":66},[48,13243,76],{"class":62},[48,13245,79],{"class":66},[48,13247,1603],{"class":70},[48,13249,67],{"class":66},[48,13251,1608],{"class":62},[48,13253,13254,13256,13259,13261,13263],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,13255,1591],{"class":66},[48,13257,13258],{"class":70},"logged_in",[48,13260,67],{"class":66},[48,13262,76],{"class":62},[48,13264,1643],{"class":1642},[48,13266,13267],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,13268,103],{"class":62},[48,13270,13271],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,13272,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,13274,13275],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,13276,13277],{"class":4445},"# Reset for a new session\n",[48,13279,13280,13283,13285,13287],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,13281,13282],{"class":54},"session_data",[48,13284,134],{"class":62},[48,13286,12134],{"class":137},[48,13288,380],{"class":62},[48,13290,13291],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,13292,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,13294,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303],{"class":50,"line":7207},[48,13296,276],{"class":147},[48,13298,151],{"class":62},[48,13300,13282],{"class":137},[48,13302,4442],{"class":62},[48,13304,12149],{"class":4445},[20,13306,13307,13308,13314,13315,134,13319,13321,13322,134],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[348,13309,13311],{"href":13310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13312,13313],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[348,13316,13318],{"href":13317},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10601,13320],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[348,13323,13325],{"href":13324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13326,13327],{},"dict.popitem()",[34,13329,1745],{"id":1744},[20,13331,11499,13332,76],{},[15,13333,12073],{},[209,13335,13336,13342,13347,13350],{},[212,13337,13338,13339,13341],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13340,12073],{}," to a variable",[212,13343,2015,13344,13346],{},[15,13345,12073],{}," to return a new dictionary",[212,13348,13349],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[212,13351,13352],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13354,13355],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[39,13357,13359],{"className":41,"code":13358,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13360,13361,13371,13385,13400],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13362,13363,13365,13367,13369],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13364,276],{"class":147},[48,13366,151],{"class":62},[48,13368,373],{"class":137},[48,13370,162],{"class":62},[48,13372,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,13374,276],{"class":147},[48,13376,151],{"class":62},[48,13378,2094],{"class":281},[48,13380,151],{"class":62},[48,13382,373],{"class":137},[48,13384,670],{"class":62},[48,13386,13387,13389,13391,13394,13396,13398],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,13388,276],{"class":147},[48,13390,151],{"class":62},[48,13392,13393],{"class":147},"id",[48,13395,151],{"class":62},[48,13397,373],{"class":137},[48,13399,670],{"class":62},[48,13401,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410,13412],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,13403,276],{"class":147},[48,13405,151],{"class":62},[48,13407,12864],{"class":137},[48,13409,12939],{"class":116},[48,13411,2646],{"class":137},[48,13413,162],{"class":62},[20,13415,13416],{},"What these show:",[209,13418,13419,13425,13431,13437],{},[212,13420,13421,13424],{},[15,13422,13423],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[212,13426,13427,13430],{},[15,13428,13429],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[212,13432,13433,13436],{},[15,13434,13435],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[212,13438,13439,13442],{},[15,13440,13441],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[34,13444,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,13446,2606,13448,13450],{"id":13447},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13449,12073],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13452,13453],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1752,13455,5920,13457,13459],{"id":13456},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13458,12078],{}," return?",[20,13461,5925,13462,134],{},[15,13463,4560],{},[1752,13465,5957,13467,5174,13469,2623],{"id":13466},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13468,12073],{},[15,13470,4574],{},[20,13472,13473,13475,13476,13478],{},[15,13474,12073],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13477,4574],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1752,13480,2606,13482,13484],{"id":13481},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13483,12073],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13486,13487],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[34,13489,2679],{"id":2678},[209,13491,13492,13496,13500,13507,13514,13521,13526],{},[212,13493,13494],{},[348,13495,351],{"href":9922},[212,13497,13498],{},[348,13499,11995],{"href":10147},[212,13501,13502],{},[348,13503,2686,13504,2689],{"href":13310},[15,13505,13506],{},"pop()",[212,13508,13509],{},[348,13510,2686,13511,2689],{"href":13324},[15,13512,13513],{},"popitem()",[212,13515,13516],{},[348,13517,2686,13518,2689],{"href":13177},[15,13519,13520],{},"copy()",[212,13522,13523],{},[348,13524,13525],{"href":12810},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[212,13527,13528],{},[348,13529,13530],{"href":13317},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2711,13532,13533],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":13535},[13536,13537,13539,13540,13541,13545,13550,13551,13553,13554,13564],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":12157,"depth":106,"text":13538},"What clear() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":12450,"depth":106,"text":13542,"children":13543},"What clear() returns",[13544],{"id":12560,"depth":113,"text":12561},{"id":12740,"depth":106,"text":13546,"children":13547},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13548,13549],{"id":12134,"depth":113,"text":12073},{"id":373,"depth":113,"text":12793},{"id":12814,"depth":106,"text":12815},{"id":13183,"depth":106,"text":13552},"When to use clear()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":13555},[13556,13558,13560,13562],{"id":13447,"depth":113,"text":13557},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13456,"depth":113,"text":13559},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13466,"depth":113,"text":13561},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13481,"depth":113,"text":13563},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":12065,"description":13565},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13572,"title":13573,"body":13574,"description":15726,"extension":2749,"meta":15727,"navigation":109,"path":15728,"seo":15729,"stem":15730,"__hash__":15731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13575,"toc":15698},[13576,13581,13586,13596,13598,13684,13688,13729,13734,13741,13759,13767,13769,13790,13793,13805,13807,13884,13888,13929,13931,13934,14058,14062,14142,14145,14163,14166,14170,14176,14178,14189,14191,14384,14388,14494,14497,14515,14518,14525,14530,14534,14548,14550,14674,14678,14758,14771,14777,14780,14788,14792,14918,14922,14996,15001,15132,15136,15210,15213,15227,15231,15235,15249,15251,15386,15390,15459,15461,15466,15488,15491,15597,15600,15611,15618,15620,15626,15629,15636,15639,15646,15654,15658,15661,15663,15695],[10,13577,13,13579,18],{"id":13578},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13580,13520],{},[20,13582,13583,13585],{},[15,13584,13180],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13587,13588,13589,13591,13592,13595],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13590,13520],{}," makes a ",[166,13593,13594],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[34,13597,37],{"id":36},[39,13599,13601],{"className":41,"code":13600,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13602,13603,13639,13655,13659,13670],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13604,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13606,829],{"class":54},[48,13608,59],{"class":58},[48,13610,63],{"class":62},[48,13612,67],{"class":66},[48,13614,71],{"class":70},[48,13616,67],{"class":66},[48,13618,76],{"class":62},[48,13620,79],{"class":66},[48,13622,82],{"class":70},[48,13624,67],{"class":66},[48,13626,87],{"class":62},[48,13628,79],{"class":66},[48,13630,92],{"class":70},[48,13632,67],{"class":66},[48,13634,76],{"class":62},[48,13636,2506],{"class":99},[48,13638,103],{"class":62},[48,13640,13641,13644,13646,13648,13650,13653],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,13642,13643],{"class":54},"student_copy ",[48,13645,59],{"class":58},[48,13647,900],{"class":54},[48,13649,134],{"class":62},[48,13651,13652],{"class":137},"copy",[48,13654,380],{"class":62},[48,13656,13657],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,13658,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,13660,13661,13663,13665,13668],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,13662,276],{"class":147},[48,13664,151],{"class":62},[48,13666,13667],{"class":137},"student_copy",[48,13669,162],{"class":62},[48,13671,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,13673,276],{"class":147},[48,13675,151],{"class":62},[48,13677,13643],{"class":137},[48,13679,12939],{"class":116},[48,13681,900],{"class":137},[48,13683,162],{"class":62},[20,13685,13686],{},[166,13687,168],{},[39,13689,13691],{"className":41,"code":13690,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13692,13693,13725],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13694,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13696,537],{"class":62},[48,13698,311],{"class":66},[48,13700,71],{"class":70},[48,13702,311],{"class":66},[48,13704,76],{"class":62},[48,13706,320],{"class":66},[48,13708,82],{"class":70},[48,13710,311],{"class":66},[48,13712,87],{"class":62},[48,13714,320],{"class":66},[48,13716,92],{"class":70},[48,13718,311],{"class":66},[48,13720,76],{"class":62},[48,13722,2506],{"class":99},[48,13724,103],{"class":62},[48,13726,13727],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,13728,4822],{"class":1642},[20,13730,189,13731,13733],{},[15,13732,13520],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[34,13735,13737,13738,13740],{"id":13736},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13739,13520],{}," method does",[209,13742,13743,13748,13751,13756],{},[212,13744,13745,13747],{},[15,13746,13180],{}," returns a new dictionary",[212,13749,13750],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[212,13752,13753,13754],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13755,13520],{},[212,13757,13758],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13760,13761,13762,352,13764,134],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[348,13763,351],{"href":350},[348,13765,10148],{"href":13766},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[34,13768,360],{"id":359},[39,13770,13772],{"className":41,"code":13771,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13773,13774],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13775,13776,13779,13781,13784,13786,13788],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13777,13778],{"class":54},"new_dict ",[48,13780,59],{"class":58},[48,13782,13783],{"class":54}," old_dict",[48,13785,134],{"class":62},[48,13787,13652],{"class":137},[48,13789,380],{"class":62},[20,13791,13792],{},"Key points:",[209,13794,13795,13799,13802],{},[212,13796,13797,12215],{},[15,13798,13520],{},[212,13800,13801],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[212,13803,13804],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13806,226],{},[39,13808,13810],{"className":41,"code":13809,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13811,13812,13853,13869,13873],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13813,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13849,13851],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13815,1119],{"class":54},[48,13817,59],{"class":58},[48,13819,63],{"class":62},[48,13821,67],{"class":66},[48,13823,348],{"class":70},[48,13825,67],{"class":66},[48,13827,76],{"class":62},[48,13829,79],{"class":66},[48,13831,1137],{"class":70},[48,13833,67],{"class":66},[48,13835,87],{"class":62},[48,13837,79],{"class":66},[48,13839,2059],{"class":70},[48,13841,67],{"class":66},[48,13843,76],{"class":62},[48,13845,79],{"class":66},[48,13847,13848],{"class":70},"blue",[48,13850,67],{"class":66},[48,13852,103],{"class":62},[48,13854,13855,13858,13860,13863,13865,13867],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,13856,13857],{"class":54},"new_colors ",[48,13859,59],{"class":58},[48,13861,13862],{"class":54}," colors",[48,13864,134],{"class":62},[48,13866,13652],{"class":137},[48,13868,380],{"class":62},[48,13870,13871],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,13872,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,13874,13875,13877,13879,13882],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,13876,276],{"class":147},[48,13878,151],{"class":62},[48,13880,13881],{"class":137},"new_colors",[48,13883,162],{"class":62},[20,13885,13886],{},[166,13887,168],{},[39,13889,13891],{"className":41,"code":13890,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13892,13893],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13894,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13896,537],{"class":62},[48,13898,311],{"class":66},[48,13900,348],{"class":70},[48,13902,311],{"class":66},[48,13904,76],{"class":62},[48,13906,320],{"class":66},[48,13908,1137],{"class":70},[48,13910,311],{"class":66},[48,13912,87],{"class":62},[48,13914,320],{"class":66},[48,13916,2059],{"class":70},[48,13918,311],{"class":66},[48,13920,76],{"class":62},[48,13922,320],{"class":66},[48,13924,13848],{"class":70},[48,13926,311],{"class":66},[48,13928,103],{"class":62},[34,13930,12225],{"id":12224},[20,13932,13933],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[39,13935,13937],{"className":41,"code":13936,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13938,13939,13976,13991,13995,14015,14019,14038],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13940,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13942,55],{"class":54},[48,13944,59],{"class":58},[48,13946,63],{"class":62},[48,13948,67],{"class":66},[48,13950,71],{"class":70},[48,13952,67],{"class":66},[48,13954,76],{"class":62},[48,13956,79],{"class":66},[48,13958,13959],{"class":70},"Liam",[48,13961,67],{"class":66},[48,13963,87],{"class":62},[48,13965,79],{"class":66},[48,13967,92],{"class":70},[48,13969,67],{"class":66},[48,13971,76],{"class":62},[48,13973,100],{"class":99},[48,13975,103],{"class":62},[48,13977,13978,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,13979,13980],{"class":54},"person_copy ",[48,13982,59],{"class":58},[48,13984,131],{"class":54},[48,13986,134],{"class":62},[48,13988,13652],{"class":137},[48,13990,380],{"class":62},[48,13992,13993],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,13994,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,13996,13997,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,13998,13999],{"class":54},"person_copy",[48,14001,682],{"class":62},[48,14003,67],{"class":66},[48,14005,92],{"class":70},[48,14007,67],{"class":66},[48,14009,692],{"class":62},[48,14011,695],{"class":58},[48,14013,14014],{"class":99}," 26\n",[48,14016,14017],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,14018,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,14020,14021,14023,14025,14027,14030,14032,14034,14036],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,14022,276],{"class":147},[48,14024,151],{"class":62},[48,14026,67],{"class":66},[48,14028,14029],{"class":70},"Original:",[48,14031,67],{"class":66},[48,14033,87],{"class":62},[48,14035,131],{"class":137},[48,14037,162],{"class":62},[48,14039,14040,14042,14044,14046,14049,14051,14053,14056],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,14041,276],{"class":147},[48,14043,151],{"class":62},[48,14045,67],{"class":66},[48,14047,14048],{"class":70},"Copy:",[48,14050,67],{"class":66},[48,14052,87],{"class":62},[48,14054,14055],{"class":137}," person_copy",[48,14057,162],{"class":62},[20,14059,14060],{},[166,14061,168],{},[39,14063,14065],{"className":41,"code":14064,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,14066,14067,14104],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14068,14069,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14070,14071],{"class":54},"Original",[48,14073,76],{"class":62},[48,14075,63],{"class":62},[48,14077,311],{"class":66},[48,14079,71],{"class":70},[48,14081,311],{"class":66},[48,14083,76],{"class":62},[48,14085,320],{"class":66},[48,14087,13959],{"class":70},[48,14089,311],{"class":66},[48,14091,87],{"class":62},[48,14093,320],{"class":66},[48,14095,92],{"class":70},[48,14097,311],{"class":66},[48,14099,76],{"class":62},[48,14101,100],{"class":99},[48,14103,103],{"class":62},[48,14105,14106,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14140],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,14107,14108],{"class":54},"Copy",[48,14110,76],{"class":62},[48,14112,63],{"class":62},[48,14114,311],{"class":66},[48,14116,71],{"class":70},[48,14118,311],{"class":66},[48,14120,76],{"class":62},[48,14122,320],{"class":66},[48,14124,13959],{"class":70},[48,14126,311],{"class":66},[48,14128,87],{"class":62},[48,14130,320],{"class":66},[48,14132,92],{"class":70},[48,14134,311],{"class":66},[48,14136,76],{"class":62},[48,14138,14139],{"class":99}," 26",[48,14141,103],{"class":62},[20,14143,14144],{},"What happened here:",[209,14146,14147,14153,14160],{},[212,14148,14149,14152],{},[15,14150,14151],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[212,14154,14155,14156,14159],{},"Changing ",[15,14157,14158],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[212,14161,14162],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,14164,14165],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[34,14167,14169],{"id":14168},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,14171,14172,13591,14174,134],{},[15,14173,13520],{},[166,14175,13594],{},[20,14177,579],{},[209,14179,14180,14183,14186],{},[212,14181,14182],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[212,14184,14185],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[212,14187,14188],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,14190,226],{},[39,14192,14194],{"className":41,"code":14193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,14195,14196,14204,14222,14244,14248,14252,14266,14270,14295,14299,14317,14336,14351],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14197,14198,14200,14202],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14199,829],{"class":54},[48,14201,59],{"class":58},[48,14203,1586],{"class":62},[48,14205,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,14207,1591],{"class":66},[48,14209,71],{"class":70},[48,14211,67],{"class":66},[48,14213,76],{"class":62},[48,14215,79],{"class":66},[48,14217,82],{"class":70},[48,14219,67],{"class":66},[48,14221,1608],{"class":62},[48,14223,14224,14226,14229,14231,14233,14235,14238,14240,14242],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,14225,1591],{"class":66},[48,14227,14228],{"class":70},"grades",[48,14230,67],{"class":66},[48,14232,76],{"class":62},[48,14234,4404],{"class":62},[48,14236,14237],{"class":99},"90",[48,14239,87],{"class":62},[48,14241,438],{"class":99},[48,14243,1465],{"class":62},[48,14245,14246],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,14247,103],{"class":62},[48,14249,14250],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,14251,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,14253,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,14255,13643],{"class":54},[48,14257,59],{"class":58},[48,14259,900],{"class":54},[48,14261,134],{"class":62},[48,14263,13652],{"class":137},[48,14265,380],{"class":62},[48,14267,14268],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,14269,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,14271,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14285,14288,14290,14293],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,14273,13667],{"class":54},[48,14275,682],{"class":62},[48,14277,67],{"class":66},[48,14279,14228],{"class":70},[48,14281,67],{"class":66},[48,14283,14284],{"class":62},"].",[48,14286,14287],{"class":137},"append",[48,14289,151],{"class":62},[48,14291,14292],{"class":99},"100",[48,14294,162],{"class":62},[48,14296,14297],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,14298,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,14300,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315],{"class":50,"line":7207},[48,14302,276],{"class":147},[48,14304,151],{"class":62},[48,14306,67],{"class":66},[48,14308,14029],{"class":70},[48,14310,67],{"class":66},[48,14312,87],{"class":62},[48,14314,900],{"class":137},[48,14316,162],{"class":62},[48,14318,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14334],{"class":50,"line":12342},[48,14320,276],{"class":147},[48,14322,151],{"class":62},[48,14324,67],{"class":66},[48,14326,14048],{"class":70},[48,14328,67],{"class":66},[48,14330,87],{"class":62},[48,14332,14333],{"class":137}," student_copy",[48,14335,162],{"class":62},[48,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349],{"class":50,"line":14338},12,[48,14340,276],{"class":147},[48,14342,151],{"class":62},[48,14344,829],{"class":137},[48,14346,12939],{"class":116},[48,14348,14333],{"class":137},[48,14350,162],{"class":62},[48,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382],{"class":50,"line":14353},13,[48,14355,276],{"class":147},[48,14357,151],{"class":62},[48,14359,1076],{"class":137},[48,14361,682],{"class":62},[48,14363,67],{"class":66},[48,14365,14228],{"class":70},[48,14367,67],{"class":66},[48,14369,692],{"class":62},[48,14371,8863],{"class":116},[48,14373,14333],{"class":137},[48,14375,682],{"class":62},[48,14377,67],{"class":66},[48,14379,14228],{"class":70},[48,14381,67],{"class":66},[48,14383,4670],{"class":62},[20,14385,14386],{},[166,14387,168],{},[39,14389,14391],{"className":41,"code":14390,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14392,14393,14440,14486,14490],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14394,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14396,14071],{"class":54},[48,14398,76],{"class":62},[48,14400,63],{"class":62},[48,14402,311],{"class":66},[48,14404,71],{"class":70},[48,14406,311],{"class":66},[48,14408,76],{"class":62},[48,14410,320],{"class":66},[48,14412,82],{"class":70},[48,14414,311],{"class":66},[48,14416,87],{"class":62},[48,14418,320],{"class":66},[48,14420,14228],{"class":70},[48,14422,311],{"class":66},[48,14424,76],{"class":62},[48,14426,4404],{"class":62},[48,14428,14237],{"class":99},[48,14430,87],{"class":62},[48,14432,438],{"class":99},[48,14434,87],{"class":62},[48,14436,10873],{"class":99},[48,14438,14439],{"class":62},"]}\n",[48,14441,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,14443,14108],{"class":54},[48,14445,76],{"class":62},[48,14447,63],{"class":62},[48,14449,311],{"class":66},[48,14451,71],{"class":70},[48,14453,311],{"class":66},[48,14455,76],{"class":62},[48,14457,320],{"class":66},[48,14459,82],{"class":70},[48,14461,311],{"class":66},[48,14463,87],{"class":62},[48,14465,320],{"class":66},[48,14467,14228],{"class":70},[48,14469,311],{"class":66},[48,14471,76],{"class":62},[48,14473,4404],{"class":62},[48,14475,14237],{"class":99},[48,14477,87],{"class":62},[48,14479,438],{"class":99},[48,14481,87],{"class":62},[48,14483,10873],{"class":99},[48,14485,14439],{"class":62},[48,14487,14488],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,14489,4822],{"class":1642},[48,14491,14492],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,14493,4761],{"class":1642},[20,14495,14496],{},"Notice the difference:",[209,14498,14499,14507],{},[212,14500,14501,5565,14504,14506],{},[15,14502,14503],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14505,4456],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[212,14508,14509,5565,14512,14514],{},[15,14510,14511],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14513,4385],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14516,14517],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14519,14520,14521,134],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[348,14522,14524],{"href":14523},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[34,14526,1545,14528],{"id":14527},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14529,13520],{},[20,14531,189,14532,11355],{},[15,14533,13520],{},[209,14535,14536,14539,14542,14545],{},[212,14537,14538],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[212,14540,14541],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[212,14543,14544],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[212,14546,14547],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14549,226],{},[39,14551,14553],{"className":41,"code":14552,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14554,14555,14592,14607,14611,14631,14635,14654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14556,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14584,14586,14588,14590],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14558,1581],{"class":54},[48,14560,59],{"class":58},[48,14562,63],{"class":62},[48,14564,67],{"class":66},[48,14566,1594],{"class":70},[48,14568,67],{"class":66},[48,14570,76],{"class":62},[48,14572,79],{"class":66},[48,14574,1603],{"class":70},[48,14576,67],{"class":66},[48,14578,87],{"class":62},[48,14580,79],{"class":66},[48,14582,14583],{"class":70},"font_size",[48,14585,67],{"class":66},[48,14587,76],{"class":62},[48,14589,879],{"class":99},[48,14591,103],{"class":62},[48,14593,14594,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,14595,14596],{"class":54},"settings_backup ",[48,14598,59],{"class":58},[48,14600,1667],{"class":54},[48,14602,134],{"class":62},[48,14604,13652],{"class":137},[48,14606,380],{"class":62},[48,14608,14609],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,14610,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,14612,14613,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,14614,14615],{"class":54},"settings",[48,14617,682],{"class":62},[48,14619,67],{"class":66},[48,14621,14583],{"class":70},[48,14623,67],{"class":66},[48,14625,692],{"class":62},[48,14627,695],{"class":58},[48,14629,14630],{"class":99}," 16\n",[48,14632,14633],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,14634,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,14636,14637,14639,14641,14643,14646,14648,14650,14652],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,14638,276],{"class":147},[48,14640,151],{"class":62},[48,14642,67],{"class":66},[48,14644,14645],{"class":70},"Current:",[48,14647,67],{"class":66},[48,14649,87],{"class":62},[48,14651,1667],{"class":137},[48,14653,162],{"class":62},[48,14655,14656,14658,14660,14662,14665,14667,14669,14672],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,14657,276],{"class":147},[48,14659,151],{"class":62},[48,14661,67],{"class":66},[48,14663,14664],{"class":70},"Backup:",[48,14666,67],{"class":66},[48,14668,87],{"class":62},[48,14670,14671],{"class":137}," settings_backup",[48,14673,162],{"class":62},[20,14675,14676],{},[166,14677,168],{},[39,14679,14681],{"className":41,"code":14680,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14682,14683,14721],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14684,14685,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14719],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14686,14687],{"class":54},"Current",[48,14689,76],{"class":62},[48,14691,63],{"class":62},[48,14693,311],{"class":66},[48,14695,1594],{"class":70},[48,14697,311],{"class":66},[48,14699,76],{"class":62},[48,14701,320],{"class":66},[48,14703,1603],{"class":70},[48,14705,311],{"class":66},[48,14707,87],{"class":62},[48,14709,320],{"class":66},[48,14711,14583],{"class":70},[48,14713,311],{"class":66},[48,14715,76],{"class":62},[48,14717,14718],{"class":99}," 16",[48,14720,103],{"class":62},[48,14722,14723,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,14724,14725],{"class":54},"Backup",[48,14727,76],{"class":62},[48,14729,63],{"class":62},[48,14731,311],{"class":66},[48,14733,1594],{"class":70},[48,14735,311],{"class":66},[48,14737,76],{"class":62},[48,14739,320],{"class":66},[48,14741,1603],{"class":70},[48,14743,311],{"class":66},[48,14745,87],{"class":62},[48,14747,320],{"class":66},[48,14749,14583],{"class":70},[48,14751,311],{"class":66},[48,14753,76],{"class":62},[48,14755,879],{"class":99},[48,14757,103],{"class":62},[20,14759,14760,14761,352,14767,134],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[348,14762,14764],{"href":14763},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14765,14766],{},"dict.update()",[348,14768,14769],{"href":13567},[15,14770,12078],{},[34,14772,14774,14776],{"id":14773},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14775,13520],{}," vs assignment",[20,14778,14779],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14781,9185,14782,14784,14785,14787],{},[15,14783,59],{}," does ",[166,14786,5413],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1752,14789,14791],{"id":14790},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[39,14793,14795],{"className":41,"code":14794,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14796,14797,14829,14838,14842,14862,14866,14884,14904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14798,14799,14801,14803,14805,14807,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14800,12831],{"class":54},[48,14802,59],{"class":58},[48,14804,63],{"class":62},[48,14806,67],{"class":66},[48,14808,611],{"class":70},[48,14810,67],{"class":66},[48,14812,76],{"class":62},[48,14814,618],{"class":99},[48,14816,87],{"class":62},[48,14818,79],{"class":66},[48,14820,625],{"class":70},[48,14822,67],{"class":66},[48,14824,76],{"class":62},[48,14826,632],{"class":99},[48,14828,103],{"class":62},[48,14830,14831,14834,14836],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,14832,14833],{"class":54},"assigned ",[48,14835,59],{"class":58},[48,14837,12869],{"class":54},[48,14839,14840],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,14841,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,14843,14844,14847,14849,14851,14853,14855,14857,14859],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,14845,14846],{"class":54},"assigned",[48,14848,682],{"class":62},[48,14850,67],{"class":66},[48,14852,611],{"class":70},[48,14854,67],{"class":66},[48,14856,692],{"class":62},[48,14858,695],{"class":58},[48,14860,14861],{"class":99}," 99\n",[48,14863,14864],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,14865,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,14867,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,14869,276],{"class":147},[48,14871,151],{"class":62},[48,14873,67],{"class":66},[48,14875,14029],{"class":70},[48,14877,67],{"class":66},[48,14879,87],{"class":62},[48,14881,12906],{"class":137},[48,14883,162],{"class":62},[48,14885,14886,14888,14890,14892,14895,14897,14899,14902],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,14887,276],{"class":147},[48,14889,151],{"class":62},[48,14891,67],{"class":66},[48,14893,14894],{"class":70},"Assigned:",[48,14896,67],{"class":66},[48,14898,87],{"class":62},[48,14900,14901],{"class":137}," assigned",[48,14903,162],{"class":62},[48,14905,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,14907,276],{"class":147},[48,14909,151],{"class":62},[48,14911,12831],{"class":137},[48,14913,12939],{"class":116},[48,14915,14901],{"class":137},[48,14917,162],{"class":62},[20,14919,14920],{},[166,14921,168],{},[39,14923,14925],{"className":41,"code":14924,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14926,14927,14959,14992],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14928,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14930,14071],{"class":54},[48,14932,76],{"class":62},[48,14934,63],{"class":62},[48,14936,311],{"class":66},[48,14938,611],{"class":70},[48,14940,311],{"class":66},[48,14942,76],{"class":62},[48,14944,10952],{"class":99},[48,14946,87],{"class":62},[48,14948,320],{"class":66},[48,14950,625],{"class":70},[48,14952,311],{"class":66},[48,14954,76],{"class":62},[48,14956,632],{"class":99},[48,14958,103],{"class":62},[48,14960,14961,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,14962,14963],{"class":54},"Assigned",[48,14965,76],{"class":62},[48,14967,63],{"class":62},[48,14969,311],{"class":66},[48,14971,611],{"class":70},[48,14973,311],{"class":66},[48,14975,76],{"class":62},[48,14977,10952],{"class":99},[48,14979,87],{"class":62},[48,14981,320],{"class":66},[48,14983,625],{"class":70},[48,14985,311],{"class":66},[48,14987,76],{"class":62},[48,14989,632],{"class":99},[48,14991,103],{"class":62},[48,14993,14994],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,14995,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,14997,9185,14999],{"id":14998},"using-copy",[15,15000,13520],{},[39,15002,15004],{"className":41,"code":15003,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,15005,15006,15038,15053,15057,15076,15080,15098,15118],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15007,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15009,12831],{"class":54},[48,15011,59],{"class":58},[48,15013,63],{"class":62},[48,15015,67],{"class":66},[48,15017,611],{"class":70},[48,15019,67],{"class":66},[48,15021,76],{"class":62},[48,15023,618],{"class":99},[48,15025,87],{"class":62},[48,15027,79],{"class":66},[48,15029,625],{"class":70},[48,15031,67],{"class":66},[48,15033,76],{"class":62},[48,15035,632],{"class":99},[48,15037,103],{"class":62},[48,15039,15040,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,15041,15042],{"class":54},"copied ",[48,15044,59],{"class":58},[48,15046,12906],{"class":54},[48,15048,134],{"class":62},[48,15050,13652],{"class":137},[48,15052,380],{"class":62},[48,15054,15055],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,15056,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,15058,15059,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,15060,15061],{"class":54},"copied",[48,15063,682],{"class":62},[48,15065,67],{"class":66},[48,15067,611],{"class":70},[48,15069,67],{"class":66},[48,15071,692],{"class":62},[48,15073,695],{"class":58},[48,15075,14861],{"class":99},[48,15077,15078],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,15079,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,15081,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,15083,276],{"class":147},[48,15085,151],{"class":62},[48,15087,67],{"class":66},[48,15089,14029],{"class":70},[48,15091,67],{"class":66},[48,15093,87],{"class":62},[48,15095,12906],{"class":137},[48,15097,162],{"class":62},[48,15099,15100,15102,15104,15106,15109,15111,15113,15116],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,15101,276],{"class":147},[48,15103,151],{"class":62},[48,15105,67],{"class":66},[48,15107,15108],{"class":70},"Copied:",[48,15110,67],{"class":66},[48,15112,87],{"class":62},[48,15114,15115],{"class":137}," copied",[48,15117,162],{"class":62},[48,15119,15120,15122,15124,15126,15128,15130],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,15121,276],{"class":147},[48,15123,151],{"class":62},[48,15125,12831],{"class":137},[48,15127,12939],{"class":116},[48,15129,15115],{"class":137},[48,15131,162],{"class":62},[20,15133,15134],{},[166,15135,168],{},[39,15137,15139],{"className":41,"code":15138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,15140,15141,15173,15206],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15142,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15144,14071],{"class":54},[48,15146,76],{"class":62},[48,15148,63],{"class":62},[48,15150,311],{"class":66},[48,15152,611],{"class":70},[48,15154,311],{"class":66},[48,15156,76],{"class":62},[48,15158,618],{"class":99},[48,15160,87],{"class":62},[48,15162,320],{"class":66},[48,15164,625],{"class":70},[48,15166,311],{"class":66},[48,15168,76],{"class":62},[48,15170,632],{"class":99},[48,15172,103],{"class":62},[48,15174,15175,15178,15180,15182,15184,15186,15188,15190,15192,15194,15196,15198,15200,15202,15204],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,15176,15177],{"class":54},"Copied",[48,15179,76],{"class":62},[48,15181,63],{"class":62},[48,15183,311],{"class":66},[48,15185,611],{"class":70},[48,15187,311],{"class":66},[48,15189,76],{"class":62},[48,15191,10952],{"class":99},[48,15193,87],{"class":62},[48,15195,320],{"class":66},[48,15197,625],{"class":70},[48,15199,311],{"class":66},[48,15201,76],{"class":62},[48,15203,632],{"class":99},[48,15205,103],{"class":62},[48,15207,15208],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,15209,4822],{"class":1642},[20,15211,15212],{},"Summary:",[209,15214,15215,15221],{},[212,15216,15217,15220],{},[15,15218,15219],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[212,15222,15223,15226],{},[15,15224,15225],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[34,15228,15230],{"id":15229},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15232,15233,76],{},[15,15234,13520],{},[209,15236,15237,15240,15243,15246],{},[212,15238,15239],{},"Returns a dictionary",[212,15241,15242],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[212,15244,15245],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[212,15247,15248],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15250,226],{},[39,15252,15254],{"className":41,"code":15253,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15255,15256,15288,15303,15307,15325,15345,15349,15367],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15257,15258,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15259,602],{"class":54},[48,15261,59],{"class":58},[48,15263,63],{"class":62},[48,15265,67],{"class":66},[48,15267,348],{"class":70},[48,15269,67],{"class":66},[48,15271,76],{"class":62},[48,15273,618],{"class":99},[48,15275,87],{"class":62},[48,15277,79],{"class":66},[48,15279,2059],{"class":70},[48,15281,67],{"class":66},[48,15283,76],{"class":62},[48,15285,632],{"class":99},[48,15287,103],{"class":62},[48,15289,15290,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,15291,15292],{"class":54},"data_copy ",[48,15294,59],{"class":58},[48,15296,644],{"class":54},[48,15298,134],{"class":62},[48,15300,13652],{"class":137},[48,15302,380],{"class":62},[48,15304,15305],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,15306,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,15308,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,15310,679],{"class":54},[48,15312,682],{"class":62},[48,15314,67],{"class":66},[48,15316,348],{"class":70},[48,15318,67],{"class":66},[48,15320,692],{"class":62},[48,15322,695],{"class":58},[48,15324,3370],{"class":99},[48,15326,15327,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,15328,15329],{"class":54},"data_copy",[48,15331,682],{"class":62},[48,15333,67],{"class":66},[48,15335,2059],{"class":70},[48,15337,67],{"class":66},[48,15339,692],{"class":62},[48,15341,695],{"class":58},[48,15343,15344],{"class":99}," 20\n",[48,15346,15347],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,15348,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,15350,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,15352,276],{"class":147},[48,15354,151],{"class":62},[48,15356,67],{"class":66},[48,15358,14029],{"class":70},[48,15360,67],{"class":66},[48,15362,87],{"class":62},[48,15364,644],{"class":137},[48,15366,162],{"class":62},[48,15368,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15384],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,15370,276],{"class":147},[48,15372,151],{"class":62},[48,15374,67],{"class":66},[48,15376,14048],{"class":70},[48,15378,67],{"class":66},[48,15380,87],{"class":62},[48,15382,15383],{"class":137}," data_copy",[48,15385,162],{"class":62},[20,15387,15388],{},[166,15389,168],{},[39,15391,15393],{"className":41,"code":15392,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15394,15395,15427],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15396,15397,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15398,14071],{"class":54},[48,15400,76],{"class":62},[48,15402,63],{"class":62},[48,15404,311],{"class":66},[48,15406,348],{"class":70},[48,15408,311],{"class":66},[48,15410,76],{"class":62},[48,15412,2493],{"class":99},[48,15414,87],{"class":62},[48,15416,320],{"class":66},[48,15418,2059],{"class":70},[48,15420,311],{"class":66},[48,15422,76],{"class":62},[48,15424,632],{"class":99},[48,15426,103],{"class":62},[48,15428,15429,15431,15433,15435,15437,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,15430,14108],{"class":54},[48,15432,76],{"class":62},[48,15434,63],{"class":62},[48,15436,311],{"class":66},[48,15438,348],{"class":70},[48,15440,311],{"class":66},[48,15442,76],{"class":62},[48,15444,618],{"class":99},[48,15446,87],{"class":62},[48,15448,320],{"class":66},[48,15450,2059],{"class":70},[48,15452,311],{"class":66},[48,15454,76],{"class":62},[48,15456,2506],{"class":99},[48,15458,103],{"class":62},[34,15460,1745],{"id":1744},[20,15462,15463,15464,76],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15465,13180],{},[209,15467,15468,15475,15480,15485],{},[212,15469,9185,15470,11844,15472,15474],{},[15,15471,59],{},[15,15473,13520],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[212,15476,5361,15477,15479],{},[15,15478,13520],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[212,15481,15482,15483],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15484,13520],{},[212,15486,15487],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15489,15490],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[39,15492,15494],{"className":41,"code":15493,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15495,15496,15506,15516,15530,15553,15575],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15497,15498,15500,15502,15504],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15499,276],{"class":147},[48,15501,151],{"class":62},[48,15503,12878],{"class":137},[48,15505,162],{"class":62},[48,15507,15508,15510,15512,15514],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,15509,276],{"class":147},[48,15511,151],{"class":62},[48,15513,15061],{"class":137},[48,15515,162],{"class":62},[48,15517,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,15519,276],{"class":147},[48,15521,151],{"class":62},[48,15523,12831],{"class":137},[48,15525,12939],{"class":116},[48,15527,15115],{"class":137},[48,15529,162],{"class":62},[48,15531,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15544,15547,15549,15551],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,15533,276],{"class":147},[48,15535,151],{"class":62},[48,15537,13393],{"class":147},[48,15539,151],{"class":62},[48,15541,12878],{"class":137},[48,15543,327],{"class":62},[48,15545,15546],{"class":147}," id",[48,15548,151],{"class":62},[48,15550,15061],{"class":137},[48,15552,670],{"class":62},[48,15554,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,15556,276],{"class":147},[48,15558,151],{"class":62},[48,15560,13393],{"class":147},[48,15562,151],{"class":62},[48,15564,12878],{"class":137},[48,15566,682],{"class":62},[48,15568,67],{"class":66},[48,15570,154],{"class":70},[48,15572,67],{"class":66},[48,15574,3781],{"class":62},[48,15576,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,15578,276],{"class":147},[48,15580,151],{"class":62},[48,15582,13393],{"class":147},[48,15584,151],{"class":62},[48,15586,15061],{"class":137},[48,15588,682],{"class":62},[48,15590,67],{"class":66},[48,15592,154],{"class":70},[48,15594,67],{"class":66},[48,15596,3781],{"class":62},[20,15598,15599],{},"What these help you check:",[209,15601,15602,15605,15608],{},[212,15603,15604],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[212,15606,15607],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[212,15609,15610],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15612,15613,15614,134],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[348,15615,15617],{"href":15616},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[34,15619,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,15621,2606,15623,15625],{"id":15622},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15624,13180],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15627,15628],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1752,15630,15632,15633,15635],{"id":15631},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15634,13180],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15637,15638],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1752,15640,5957,15642,5174,15644,2623],{"id":15641},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15643,13520],{},[15,15645,59],{},[20,15647,15648,15650,15651,15653],{},[15,15649,13520],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15652,59],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1752,15655,15657],{"id":15656},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15659,15660],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[34,15662,2679],{"id":2678},[209,15664,15665,15669,15673,15677,15684,15690],{},[212,15666,15667],{},[348,15668,11995],{"href":13766},[212,15670,15671],{},[348,15672,351],{"href":350},[212,15674,15675],{},[348,15676,14524],{"href":14523},[212,15678,15679],{},[348,15680,2686,15681,2689],{"href":14763},[15,15682,15683],{},"update()",[212,15685,15686],{},[348,15687,2686,15688,2689],{"href":13567},[15,15689,12073],{},[212,15691,15692],{},[348,15693,15694],{"href":15616},"How to copy a list in Python",[2711,15696,15697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":15699},[15700,15701,15703,15704,15705,15706,15708,15714,15715,15716,15725],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":13736,"depth":106,"text":15702},"What the copy() method does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":14168,"depth":106,"text":14169},{"id":14527,"depth":106,"text":15707},"When to use copy()",{"id":14773,"depth":106,"text":15709,"children":15710},"copy() vs assignment",[15711,15712],{"id":14790,"depth":113,"text":14791},{"id":14998,"depth":113,"text":15713},"Using copy()",{"id":15229,"depth":106,"text":15230},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":15717},[15718,15720,15722,15724],{"id":15622,"depth":113,"text":15719},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15631,"depth":113,"text":15721},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15641,"depth":113,"text":15723},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15656,"depth":113,"text":15657},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13573,"description":15726},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15733,"title":15734,"body":15735,"description":17928,"extension":2749,"meta":17929,"navigation":109,"path":13766,"seo":17930,"stem":17931,"__hash__":17932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15736,"toc":17890},[15737,15740,15746,15754,15756,15832,15836,15885,15888,15892,15906,15909,15913,15926,15929,15962,15976,15979,15991,15995,15998,16006,16086,16090,16143,16147,16165,16167,16249,16252,16254,16257,16260,16283,16307,16311,16319,16322,16326,16335,16340,16398,16402,16435,16441,16447,16450,16505,16509,16559,16562,16568,16571,16579,16581,16626,16631,16640,16643,16646,16693,16695,16700,16703,16797,16801,16854,16857,16913,16916,16920,16923,16937,16941,17007,17011,17036,17039,17043,17120,17124,17127,17130,17150,17153,17206,17210,17213,17216,17229,17231,17320,17327,17330,17341,17343,17346,17366,17370,17373,17382,17385,17424,17428,17430,17439,17448,17450,17488,17492,17539,17543,17564,17568,17571,17682,17687,17785,17804,17806,17810,17817,17821,17827,17831,17834,17838,17841,17848,17856,17858,17884,17887],[10,15738,15734],{"id":15739},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15741,15742,15743,15745],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[166,15744,9899],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15747,15748,15749,352,15751,134],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[348,15750,351],{"href":9922},[348,15752,356],{"href":15753},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[34,15755,37],{"id":36},[39,15757,15759],{"className":41,"code":15758,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15760,15761,15769,15787,15801,15814,15818,15822],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15762,15763,15765,15767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15764,829],{"class":54},[48,15766,59],{"class":58},[48,15768,1586],{"class":62},[48,15770,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781,15783,15785],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,15772,1591],{"class":66},[48,15774,71],{"class":70},[48,15776,67],{"class":66},[48,15778,76],{"class":62},[48,15780,79],{"class":66},[48,15782,82],{"class":70},[48,15784,67],{"class":66},[48,15786,1608],{"class":62},[48,15788,15789,15791,15793,15795,15797,15799],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,15790,1591],{"class":66},[48,15792,92],{"class":70},[48,15794,67],{"class":66},[48,15796,76],{"class":62},[48,15798,2506],{"class":99},[48,15800,1608],{"class":62},[48,15802,15803,15805,15808,15810,15812],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,15804,1591],{"class":66},[48,15806,15807],{"class":70},"is_active",[48,15809,67],{"class":66},[48,15811,76],{"class":62},[48,15813,1643],{"class":1642},[48,15815,15816],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,15817,103],{"class":62},[48,15819,15820],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,15821,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,15823,15824,15826,15828,15830],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,15825,276],{"class":147},[48,15827,151],{"class":62},[48,15829,1076],{"class":137},[48,15831,162],{"class":62},[20,15833,15834],{},[166,15835,168],{},[39,15837,15839],{"className":41,"code":15838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15840,15841],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15842,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15844,537],{"class":62},[48,15846,311],{"class":66},[48,15848,71],{"class":70},[48,15850,311],{"class":66},[48,15852,76],{"class":62},[48,15854,320],{"class":66},[48,15856,82],{"class":70},[48,15858,311],{"class":66},[48,15860,87],{"class":62},[48,15862,320],{"class":66},[48,15864,92],{"class":70},[48,15866,311],{"class":66},[48,15868,76],{"class":62},[48,15870,2506],{"class":99},[48,15872,87],{"class":62},[48,15874,320],{"class":66},[48,15876,15807],{"class":70},[48,15878,311],{"class":66},[48,15880,76],{"class":62},[48,15882,4697],{"class":1642},[48,15884,103],{"class":62},[20,15886,15887],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[34,15889,15891],{"id":15890},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[209,15893,15894,15897,15900,15903],{},[212,15895,15896],{},"What a dictionary is",[212,15898,15899],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[212,15901,15902],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[212,15904,15905],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[34,15907,15896],{"id":15908},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15910,9896,15911,134],{},[166,15912,9899],{},[209,15914,15915,15921],{},[212,15916,15917,15918,15920],{},"A ",[166,15919,154],{}," is the label",[212,15922,15917,15923,15925],{},[166,15924,933],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15927,15928],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[39,15930,15932],{"className":41,"code":15931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15933,15934,15942,15958],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15935,15936,15938,15940],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15937,829],{"class":54},[48,15939,59],{"class":58},[48,15941,1586],{"class":62},[48,15943,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,15945,1591],{"class":66},[48,15947,71],{"class":70},[48,15949,67],{"class":66},[48,15951,76],{"class":62},[48,15953,79],{"class":66},[48,15955,82],{"class":70},[48,15957,4138],{"class":66},[48,15959,15960],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,15961,103],{"class":62},[209,15963,15964,15970],{},[212,15965,15966,15969],{},[15,15967,15968],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[212,15971,15972,15975],{},[15,15973,15974],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15977,15978],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[209,15980,15981,15983,15985,15988],{},[212,15982,71],{},[212,15984,92],{},[212,15986,15987],{},"email",[212,15989,15990],{},"country",[34,15992,15994],{"id":15993},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15996,15997],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15999,189,16000,16002,16003,134],{},[15,16001,4574],{}," and write each item as ",[15,16004,16005],{},"key: value",[39,16007,16009],{"className":41,"code":16008,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16010,16011,16019,16037,16051,16068,16072,16076],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16012,16013,16015,16017],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16014,829],{"class":54},[48,16016,59],{"class":58},[48,16018,1586],{"class":62},[48,16020,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16022,1591],{"class":66},[48,16024,71],{"class":70},[48,16026,67],{"class":66},[48,16028,76],{"class":62},[48,16030,79],{"class":66},[48,16032,82],{"class":70},[48,16034,67],{"class":66},[48,16036,1608],{"class":62},[48,16038,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,16040,1591],{"class":66},[48,16042,92],{"class":70},[48,16044,67],{"class":66},[48,16046,76],{"class":62},[48,16048,2506],{"class":99},[48,16050,1608],{"class":62},[48,16052,16053,16055,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,16054,1591],{"class":66},[48,16056,16057],{"class":70},"course",[48,16059,67],{"class":66},[48,16061,76],{"class":62},[48,16063,79],{"class":66},[48,16065,8066],{"class":70},[48,16067,4138],{"class":66},[48,16069,16070],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,16071,103],{"class":62},[48,16073,16074],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,16075,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,16077,16078,16080,16082,16084],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,16079,276],{"class":147},[48,16081,151],{"class":62},[48,16083,1076],{"class":137},[48,16085,162],{"class":62},[20,16087,16088],{},[166,16089,168],{},[39,16091,16093],{"className":41,"code":16092,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,16094,16095],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16096,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16098,537],{"class":62},[48,16100,311],{"class":66},[48,16102,71],{"class":70},[48,16104,311],{"class":66},[48,16106,76],{"class":62},[48,16108,320],{"class":66},[48,16110,82],{"class":70},[48,16112,311],{"class":66},[48,16114,87],{"class":62},[48,16116,320],{"class":66},[48,16118,92],{"class":70},[48,16120,311],{"class":66},[48,16122,76],{"class":62},[48,16124,2506],{"class":99},[48,16126,87],{"class":62},[48,16128,320],{"class":66},[48,16130,16057],{"class":70},[48,16132,311],{"class":66},[48,16134,76],{"class":62},[48,16136,320],{"class":66},[48,16138,8066],{"class":70},[48,16140,311],{"class":66},[48,16142,103],{"class":62},[1752,16144,16146],{"id":16145},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[209,16148,16149,16154,16159,16162],{},[212,16150,189,16151,16153],{},[15,16152,4574],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[212,16155,16156,16157],{},"Write each item as ",[15,16158,16005],{},[212,16160,16161],{},"Separate items with commas",[212,16163,16164],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,16166,226],{},[39,16168,16170],{"className":41,"code":16169,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,16171,16172,16181,16201,16217,16230,16234,16238],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16173,16174,16177,16179],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16175,16176],{"class":54},"book ",[48,16178,59],{"class":58},[48,16180,1586],{"class":62},[48,16182,16183,16185,16188,16190,16192,16194,16197,16199],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16184,1591],{"class":66},[48,16186,16187],{"class":70},"title",[48,16189,67],{"class":66},[48,16191,76],{"class":62},[48,16193,79],{"class":66},[48,16195,16196],{"class":70},"Python Basics",[48,16198,67],{"class":66},[48,16200,1608],{"class":62},[48,16202,16203,16205,16208,16210,16212,16215],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,16204,1591],{"class":66},[48,16206,16207],{"class":70},"pages",[48,16209,67],{"class":66},[48,16211,76],{"class":62},[48,16213,16214],{"class":99}," 150",[48,16216,1608],{"class":62},[48,16218,16219,16221,16224,16226,16228],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,16220,1591],{"class":66},[48,16222,16223],{"class":70},"available",[48,16225,67],{"class":66},[48,16227,76],{"class":62},[48,16229,1643],{"class":1642},[48,16231,16232],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,16233,103],{"class":62},[48,16235,16236],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,16237,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,16239,16240,16242,16244,16247],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,16241,276],{"class":147},[48,16243,151],{"class":62},[48,16245,16246],{"class":137},"book",[48,16248,162],{"class":62},[20,16250,16251],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[34,16253,10159],{"id":10158},[20,16255,16256],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16258,16259],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[39,16261,16263],{"className":41,"code":16262,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16264,16265,16273],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16266,16267,16269,16271],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16268,602],{"class":54},[48,16270,59],{"class":58},[48,16272,10593],{"class":62},[48,16274,16275,16277,16279,16281],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16276,276],{"class":147},[48,16278,151],{"class":62},[48,16280,679],{"class":137},[48,16282,162],{"class":62},[39,16284,16285],{"className":41,"code":10162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,16286,16287,16297],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16288,16289,16291,16293,16295],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16290,602],{"class":54},[48,16292,59],{"class":58},[48,16294,9936],{"class":281},[48,16296,380],{"class":62},[48,16298,16299,16301,16303,16305],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16300,276],{"class":147},[48,16302,151],{"class":62},[48,16304,679],{"class":137},[48,16306,162],{"class":62},[20,16308,16309],{},[166,16310,168],{},[39,16312,16313],{"className":41,"code":10191,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,16314,16315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16316,16317],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16318,10191],{"class":62},[20,16320,16321],{},"Both are correct.",[1752,16323,16325],{"id":16324},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16327,16328,16330,16331,16334],{},[15,16329,4574],{}," creates an empty ",[166,16332,16333],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16336,16337,16338,134],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16339,4579],{},[39,16341,16343],{"className":41,"code":16342,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16344,16345,16353,16365,16369,16383],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16346,16347,16349,16351],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16348,2038],{"class":54},[48,16350,59],{"class":58},[48,16352,10593],{"class":62},[48,16354,16355,16358,16360,16363],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16356,16357],{"class":54},"my_set ",[48,16359,59],{"class":58},[48,16361,16362],{"class":281}," set",[48,16364,380],{"class":62},[48,16366,16367],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,16368,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,16370,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,16372,276],{"class":147},[48,16374,151],{"class":62},[48,16376,2094],{"class":281},[48,16378,151],{"class":62},[48,16380,373],{"class":137},[48,16382,670],{"class":62},[48,16384,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16396],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,16386,276],{"class":147},[48,16388,151],{"class":62},[48,16390,2094],{"class":281},[48,16392,151],{"class":62},[48,16394,16395],{"class":137},"my_set",[48,16397,670],{"class":62},[20,16399,16400],{},[166,16401,168],{},[39,16403,16405],{"className":41,"code":16404,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16406,16407,16421],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16408,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16410,2168],{"class":58},[48,16412,2171],{"class":915},[48,16414,320],{"class":66},[48,16416,9588],{"class":70},[48,16418,311],{"class":66},[48,16420,2180],{"class":58},[48,16422,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16424,2168],{"class":58},[48,16426,2171],{"class":915},[48,16428,320],{"class":66},[48,16430,7062],{"class":70},[48,16432,311],{"class":66},[48,16434,2180],{"class":58},[34,16436,16438,16439],{"id":16437},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16440,9887],{},[20,16442,16443,16444,16446],{},"You can also use ",[15,16445,9887],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16448,16449],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[39,16451,16453],{"className":41,"code":16452,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16454,16455,16495],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16456,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481,16484,16486,16489,16491,16493],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16458,829],{"class":54},[48,16460,59],{"class":58},[48,16462,9936],{"class":281},[48,16464,151],{"class":62},[48,16466,71],{"class":9941},[48,16468,59],{"class":58},[48,16470,67],{"class":66},[48,16472,82],{"class":70},[48,16474,67],{"class":66},[48,16476,87],{"class":62},[48,16478,9954],{"class":9941},[48,16480,59],{"class":58},[48,16482,16483],{"class":99},"20",[48,16485,87],{"class":62},[48,16487,16488],{"class":9941}," active",[48,16490,59],{"class":58},[48,16492,4385],{"class":1642},[48,16494,162],{"class":62},[48,16496,16497,16499,16501,16503],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16498,276],{"class":147},[48,16500,151],{"class":62},[48,16502,1076],{"class":137},[48,16504,162],{"class":62},[20,16506,16507],{},[166,16508,168],{},[39,16510,16512],{"className":41,"code":16511,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16513,16514],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16515,16516,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548,16551,16553,16555,16557],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16517,537],{"class":62},[48,16519,311],{"class":66},[48,16521,71],{"class":70},[48,16523,311],{"class":66},[48,16525,76],{"class":62},[48,16527,320],{"class":66},[48,16529,82],{"class":70},[48,16531,311],{"class":66},[48,16533,87],{"class":62},[48,16535,320],{"class":66},[48,16537,92],{"class":70},[48,16539,311],{"class":66},[48,16541,76],{"class":62},[48,16543,2506],{"class":99},[48,16545,87],{"class":62},[48,16547,320],{"class":66},[48,16549,16550],{"class":70},"active",[48,16552,311],{"class":66},[48,16554,76],{"class":62},[48,16556,4697],{"class":1642},[48,16558,103],{"class":62},[20,16560,16561],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1752,16563,16565,16566],{"id":16564},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16567,9887],{},[20,16569,16570],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[209,16572,16573,16576],{},[212,16574,16575],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[212,16577,16578],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16580,1771],{},[39,16582,16584],{"className":41,"code":16583,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16585,16586,16616],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16587,16588,16590,16592,16594,16596,16598,16600,16602,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612,16614],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16589,12238],{"class":54},[48,16591,59],{"class":58},[48,16593,9936],{"class":281},[48,16595,151],{"class":62},[48,16597,71],{"class":9941},[48,16599,59],{"class":58},[48,16601,67],{"class":66},[48,16603,8446],{"class":70},[48,16605,67],{"class":66},[48,16607,87],{"class":62},[48,16609,9954],{"class":9941},[48,16611,59],{"class":58},[48,16613,9959],{"class":99},[48,16615,162],{"class":62},[48,16617,16618,16620,16622,16624],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16619,276],{"class":147},[48,16621,151],{"class":62},[48,16623,12329],{"class":137},[48,16625,162],{"class":62},[20,16627,5410,16628,16630],{},[166,16629,5413],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[39,16632,16634],{"className":41,"code":16633,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16635,16636],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16637,16638],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16639,16633],{"class":4445},[20,16641,16642],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16644,16645],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[39,16647,16649],{"className":41,"code":16648,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16650,16651,16659,16675,16679,16683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16652,16653,16655,16657],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16654,12238],{"class":54},[48,16656,59],{"class":58},[48,16658,1586],{"class":62},[48,16660,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16662,1591],{"class":66},[48,16664,11250],{"class":70},[48,16666,67],{"class":66},[48,16668,76],{"class":62},[48,16670,79],{"class":66},[48,16672,8446],{"class":70},[48,16674,4138],{"class":66},[48,16676,16677],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,16678,103],{"class":62},[48,16680,16681],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,16682,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,16684,16685,16687,16689,16691],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,16686,276],{"class":147},[48,16688,151],{"class":62},[48,16690,12329],{"class":137},[48,16692,162],{"class":62},[34,16694,10201],{"id":10200},[20,16696,16697,16699],{},[15,16698,9887],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16701,16702],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[39,16704,16706],{"className":41,"code":16705,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16707,16708,16765,16769,16783,16787],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16709,16710,16712,16714,16716,16718,16720,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758,16761,16763],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16711,639],{"class":54},[48,16713,59],{"class":58},[48,16715,9984],{"class":62},[48,16717,67],{"class":66},[48,16719,71],{"class":70},[48,16721,67],{"class":66},[48,16723,87],{"class":62},[48,16725,79],{"class":66},[48,16727,82],{"class":70},[48,16729,67],{"class":66},[48,16731,327],{"class":62},[48,16733,330],{"class":62},[48,16735,67],{"class":66},[48,16737,92],{"class":70},[48,16739,67],{"class":66},[48,16741,87],{"class":62},[48,16743,2506],{"class":99},[48,16745,327],{"class":62},[48,16747,330],{"class":62},[48,16749,67],{"class":66},[48,16751,11164],{"class":70},[48,16753,67],{"class":66},[48,16755,87],{"class":62},[48,16757,79],{"class":66},[48,16759,16760],{"class":70},"Lima",[48,16762,67],{"class":66},[48,16764,343],{"class":62},[48,16766,16767],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16768,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,16770,16771,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,16772,829],{"class":54},[48,16774,59],{"class":58},[48,16776,9936],{"class":281},[48,16778,151],{"class":62},[48,16780,667],{"class":137},[48,16782,162],{"class":62},[48,16784,16785],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,16786,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,16788,16789,16791,16793,16795],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,16790,276],{"class":147},[48,16792,151],{"class":62},[48,16794,1076],{"class":137},[48,16796,162],{"class":62},[20,16798,16799],{},[166,16800,168],{},[39,16802,16804],{"className":41,"code":16803,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16805,16806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16807,16808,16810,16812,16814,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834,16836,16838,16840,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850,16852],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16809,537],{"class":62},[48,16811,311],{"class":66},[48,16813,71],{"class":70},[48,16815,311],{"class":66},[48,16817,76],{"class":62},[48,16819,320],{"class":66},[48,16821,82],{"class":70},[48,16823,311],{"class":66},[48,16825,87],{"class":62},[48,16827,320],{"class":66},[48,16829,92],{"class":70},[48,16831,311],{"class":66},[48,16833,76],{"class":62},[48,16835,2506],{"class":99},[48,16837,87],{"class":62},[48,16839,320],{"class":66},[48,16841,11164],{"class":70},[48,16843,311],{"class":66},[48,16845,76],{"class":62},[48,16847,320],{"class":66},[48,16849,16760],{"class":70},[48,16851,311],{"class":66},[48,16853,103],{"class":62},[20,16855,16856],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[39,16858,16860],{"className":41,"code":16859,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16861,16862,16903],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16863,16864,16866,16868,16870,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887,16889,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16865,829],{"class":54},[48,16867,59],{"class":58},[48,16869,9936],{"class":281},[48,16871,16872],{"class":62},"(((",[48,16874,67],{"class":66},[48,16876,71],{"class":70},[48,16878,67],{"class":66},[48,16880,87],{"class":62},[48,16882,79],{"class":66},[48,16884,82],{"class":70},[48,16886,67],{"class":66},[48,16888,327],{"class":62},[48,16890,330],{"class":62},[48,16892,67],{"class":66},[48,16894,92],{"class":70},[48,16896,67],{"class":66},[48,16898,87],{"class":62},[48,16900,2506],{"class":99},[48,16902,3693],{"class":62},[48,16904,16905,16907,16909,16911],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16906,276],{"class":147},[48,16908,151],{"class":62},[48,16910,1076],{"class":137},[48,16912,162],{"class":62},[20,16914,16915],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[34,16917,16919],{"id":16918},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16921,16922],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[209,16924,16925,16928,16931,16934],{},[212,16926,16927],{},"Keys must be unique",[212,16929,16930],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[212,16932,16933],{},"Values can repeat",[212,16935,16936],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1752,16938,16940],{"id":16939},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[39,16942,16944],{"className":41,"code":16943,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16945,16946,16954,16972,16989,16993,16997],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16947,16948,16950,16952],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16949,602],{"class":54},[48,16951,59],{"class":58},[48,16953,1586],{"class":62},[48,16955,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,16957,1591],{"class":66},[48,16959,71],{"class":70},[48,16961,67],{"class":66},[48,16963,76],{"class":62},[48,16965,79],{"class":66},[48,16967,82],{"class":70},[48,16969,67],{"class":66},[48,16971,1608],{"class":62},[48,16973,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16987],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,16975,1591],{"class":66},[48,16977,71],{"class":70},[48,16979,67],{"class":66},[48,16981,76],{"class":62},[48,16983,79],{"class":66},[48,16985,16986],{"class":70},"Maria",[48,16988,4138],{"class":66},[48,16990,16991],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,16992,103],{"class":62},[48,16994,16995],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,16996,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,16998,16999,17001,17003,17005],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,17000,276],{"class":147},[48,17002,151],{"class":62},[48,17004,679],{"class":137},[48,17006,162],{"class":62},[20,17008,17009],{},[166,17010,168],{},[39,17012,17014],{"className":41,"code":17013,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,17015,17016],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17017,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17019,537],{"class":62},[48,17021,311],{"class":66},[48,17023,71],{"class":70},[48,17025,311],{"class":66},[48,17027,76],{"class":62},[48,17029,320],{"class":66},[48,17031,16986],{"class":70},[48,17033,311],{"class":66},[48,17035,103],{"class":62},[20,17037,17038],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1752,17040,17042],{"id":17041},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[39,17044,17046],{"className":41,"code":17045,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17047,17048,17056,17072,17088,17102,17106,17110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17049,17050,17052,17054],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17051,408],{"class":54},[48,17053,59],{"class":58},[48,17055,1586],{"class":62},[48,17057,17058,17061,17063,17065,17068,17070],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17059,17060],{"class":99},"    1",[48,17062,76],{"class":62},[48,17064,79],{"class":66},[48,17066,17067],{"class":70},"low",[48,17069,67],{"class":66},[48,17071,1608],{"class":62},[48,17073,17074,17077,17079,17081,17084,17086],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,17075,17076],{"class":99},"    2",[48,17078,76],{"class":62},[48,17080,79],{"class":66},[48,17082,17083],{"class":70},"medium",[48,17085,67],{"class":66},[48,17087,1608],{"class":62},[48,17089,17090,17093,17095,17097,17100],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,17091,17092],{"class":99},"    3",[48,17094,76],{"class":62},[48,17096,79],{"class":66},[48,17098,17099],{"class":70},"high",[48,17101,4138],{"class":66},[48,17103,17104],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,17105,103],{"class":62},[48,17107,17108],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,17109,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,17111,17112,17114,17116,17118],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,17113,276],{"class":147},[48,17115,151],{"class":62},[48,17117,486],{"class":137},[48,17119,162],{"class":62},[1752,17121,17123],{"id":17122},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,17125,17126],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,17128,17129],{},"This will cause an error:",[39,17131,17133],{"className":41,"code":17132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,17134,17135,17140,17145],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17136,17137],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17138,17139],{"class":4445},"# bad = {\n",[48,17141,17142],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17143,17144],{"class":4445},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[48,17146,17147],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,17148,17149],{"class":4445},"# }\n",[20,17151,17152],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[39,17154,17156],{"className":41,"code":17155,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,17157,17158,17167,17187,17191,17195],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17159,17160,17163,17165],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17161,17162],{"class":54},"good ",[48,17164,59],{"class":58},[48,17166,1586],{"class":62},[48,17168,17169,17172,17174,17176,17178,17181,17183,17185],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17170,17171],{"class":62},"    (",[48,17173,3770],{"class":99},[48,17175,87],{"class":62},[48,17177,632],{"class":99},[48,17179,17180],{"class":62},"):",[48,17182,79],{"class":66},[48,17184,2411],{"class":70},[48,17186,4138],{"class":66},[48,17188,17189],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,17190,103],{"class":62},[48,17192,17193],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,17194,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,17196,17197,17199,17201,17204],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,17198,276],{"class":147},[48,17200,151],{"class":62},[48,17202,17203],{"class":137},"good",[48,17205,162],{"class":62},[34,17207,17209],{"id":17208},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,17211,17212],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,17214,17215],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[209,17217,17218,17221,17223,17226],{},[212,17219,17220],{},"user data",[212,17222,14615],{},[212,17224,17225],{},"counters",[212,17227,17228],{},"lookups",[20,17230,226],{},[39,17232,17234],{"className":41,"code":17233,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17235,17236,17244,17263,17282,17294,17298,17302],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17237,17238,17240,17242],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17239,12238],{"class":54},[48,17241,59],{"class":58},[48,17243,1586],{"class":62},[48,17245,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17259,17261],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17247,1591],{"class":66},[48,17249,8753],{"class":70},[48,17251,67],{"class":66},[48,17253,76],{"class":62},[48,17255,79],{"class":66},[48,17257,17258],{"class":70},"ana123",[48,17260,67],{"class":66},[48,17262,1608],{"class":62},[48,17264,17265,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17278,17280],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,17266,1591],{"class":66},[48,17268,15987],{"class":70},[48,17270,67],{"class":66},[48,17272,76],{"class":62},[48,17274,79],{"class":66},[48,17276,17277],{"class":70},"ana@example.com",[48,17279,67],{"class":66},[48,17281,1608],{"class":62},[48,17283,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,17285,1591],{"class":66},[48,17287,13258],{"class":70},[48,17289,67],{"class":66},[48,17291,76],{"class":62},[48,17293,1643],{"class":1642},[48,17295,17296],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,17297,103],{"class":62},[48,17299,17300],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,17301,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,17303,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,17305,276],{"class":147},[48,17307,151],{"class":62},[48,17309,12329],{"class":137},[48,17311,682],{"class":62},[48,17313,67],{"class":66},[48,17315,15987],{"class":70},[48,17317,67],{"class":66},[48,17319,4670],{"class":62},[20,17321,17322,17323,134],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[348,17324,17326],{"href":17325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17328,17329],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[209,17331,17332,17335,17338],{},[212,17333,17334],{},"labels are not needed",[212,17336,17337],{},"you mostly care about position",[212,17339,17340],{},"order matters more than named fields",[34,17342,1745],{"id":1744},[20,17344,17345],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[209,17347,17348,17351,17354,17357,17360],{},[212,17349,17350],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[212,17352,17353],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[212,17355,17356],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[212,17358,17359],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[212,17361,17362,17363,17365],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17364,4574],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1752,17367,17369],{"id":17368},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17371,17372],{},"Wrong:",[39,17374,17376],{"className":41,"code":17375,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17377,17378],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17379,17380],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17381,17375],{"class":4445},[20,17383,17384],{},"Correct:",[39,17386,17388],{"className":41,"code":17387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17389,17390,17414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17391,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17393,829],{"class":54},[48,17395,59],{"class":58},[48,17397,63],{"class":62},[48,17399,67],{"class":66},[48,17401,71],{"class":70},[48,17403,67],{"class":66},[48,17405,76],{"class":62},[48,17407,79],{"class":66},[48,17409,82],{"class":70},[48,17411,67],{"class":66},[48,17413,103],{"class":62},[48,17415,17416,17418,17420,17422],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17417,276],{"class":147},[48,17419,151],{"class":62},[48,17421,1076],{"class":137},[48,17423,162],{"class":62},[1752,17425,17427],{"id":17426},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17429,17372],{},[39,17431,17433],{"className":41,"code":17432,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17434,17435],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17436,17437],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17438,17432],{"class":4445},[20,17440,17441,17442,17444,17445,17447],{},"This only works if ",[15,17443,71],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17446,15968],{},", use quotes.",[20,17449,17384],{},[39,17451,17452],{"className":41,"code":17387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,17453,17454,17478],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17455,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17457,829],{"class":54},[48,17459,59],{"class":58},[48,17461,63],{"class":62},[48,17463,67],{"class":66},[48,17465,71],{"class":70},[48,17467,67],{"class":66},[48,17469,76],{"class":62},[48,17471,79],{"class":66},[48,17473,82],{"class":70},[48,17475,67],{"class":66},[48,17477,103],{"class":62},[48,17479,17480,17482,17484,17486],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17481,276],{"class":147},[48,17483,151],{"class":62},[48,17485,1076],{"class":137},[48,17487,162],{"class":62},[1752,17489,17491],{"id":17490},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[39,17493,17495],{"className":41,"code":17494,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17496,17497,17529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17498,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17500,602],{"class":54},[48,17502,59],{"class":58},[48,17504,63],{"class":62},[48,17506,67],{"class":66},[48,17508,92],{"class":70},[48,17510,67],{"class":66},[48,17512,76],{"class":62},[48,17514,2506],{"class":99},[48,17516,87],{"class":62},[48,17518,79],{"class":66},[48,17520,92],{"class":70},[48,17522,67],{"class":66},[48,17524,76],{"class":62},[48,17526,8564],{"class":99},[48,17528,103],{"class":62},[48,17530,17531,17533,17535,17537],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17532,276],{"class":147},[48,17534,151],{"class":62},[48,17536,679],{"class":137},[48,17538,162],{"class":62},[20,17540,17541],{},[166,17542,168],{},[39,17544,17546],{"className":41,"code":17545,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17547,17548],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17549,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17551,537],{"class":62},[48,17553,311],{"class":66},[48,17555,92],{"class":70},[48,17557,311],{"class":66},[48,17559,76],{"class":62},[48,17561,8564],{"class":99},[48,17563,103],{"class":62},[34,17565,17567],{"id":17566},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17569,17570],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[39,17572,17574],{"className":41,"code":17573,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17575,17576,17612,17616,17626,17640,17654,17668],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17577,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17579,2038],{"class":54},[48,17581,59],{"class":58},[48,17583,63],{"class":62},[48,17585,67],{"class":66},[48,17587,71],{"class":70},[48,17589,67],{"class":66},[48,17591,76],{"class":62},[48,17593,79],{"class":66},[48,17595,82],{"class":70},[48,17597,67],{"class":66},[48,17599,87],{"class":62},[48,17601,79],{"class":66},[48,17603,92],{"class":70},[48,17605,67],{"class":66},[48,17607,76],{"class":62},[48,17609,2506],{"class":99},[48,17611,103],{"class":62},[48,17613,17614],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17615,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,17617,17618,17620,17622,17624],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,17619,276],{"class":147},[48,17621,151],{"class":62},[48,17623,373],{"class":137},[48,17625,162],{"class":62},[48,17627,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,17629,276],{"class":147},[48,17631,151],{"class":62},[48,17633,2094],{"class":281},[48,17635,151],{"class":62},[48,17637,373],{"class":137},[48,17639,670],{"class":62},[48,17641,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,17643,276],{"class":147},[48,17645,151],{"class":62},[48,17647,373],{"class":137},[48,17649,134],{"class":62},[48,17651,1396],{"class":137},[48,17653,1203],{"class":62},[48,17655,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,17657,276],{"class":147},[48,17659,151],{"class":62},[48,17661,373],{"class":137},[48,17663,134],{"class":62},[48,17665,1415],{"class":137},[48,17667,1203],{"class":62},[48,17669,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,17671,276],{"class":147},[48,17673,151],{"class":62},[48,17675,11914],{"class":147},[48,17677,151],{"class":62},[48,17679,373],{"class":137},[48,17681,670],{"class":62},[20,17683,17684],{},[166,17685,17686],{},"Example output:",[39,17688,17690],{"className":41,"code":17689,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17691,17692,17724,17738,17761,17780],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17693,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17695,537],{"class":62},[48,17697,311],{"class":66},[48,17699,71],{"class":70},[48,17701,311],{"class":66},[48,17703,76],{"class":62},[48,17705,320],{"class":66},[48,17707,82],{"class":70},[48,17709,311],{"class":66},[48,17711,87],{"class":62},[48,17713,320],{"class":66},[48,17715,92],{"class":70},[48,17717,311],{"class":66},[48,17719,76],{"class":62},[48,17721,2506],{"class":99},[48,17723,103],{"class":62},[48,17725,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17727,2168],{"class":58},[48,17729,2171],{"class":915},[48,17731,320],{"class":66},[48,17733,9588],{"class":70},[48,17735,311],{"class":66},[48,17737,2180],{"class":58},[48,17739,17740,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17757,17759],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,17741,17742],{"class":137},"dict_keys",[48,17744,3767],{"class":62},[48,17746,311],{"class":66},[48,17748,71],{"class":70},[48,17750,311],{"class":66},[48,17752,87],{"class":62},[48,17754,320],{"class":66},[48,17756,92],{"class":70},[48,17758,311],{"class":66},[48,17760,4670],{"class":62},[48,17762,17763,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,17764,17765],{"class":137},"dict_values",[48,17767,3767],{"class":62},[48,17769,311],{"class":66},[48,17771,82],{"class":70},[48,17773,311],{"class":66},[48,17775,87],{"class":62},[48,17777,2506],{"class":99},[48,17779,4670],{"class":62},[48,17781,17782],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,17783,17784],{"class":99},"2\n",[20,17786,17787,17788,2973,17793,17798,17799,134],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[348,17789,2686,17791],{"href":17790},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17792,1309],{},[348,17794,2686,17796],{"href":17795},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17797,1312],{},", and ",[348,17800,2686,17802],{"href":17801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17803,17],{},[34,17805,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,17807,17809],{"id":17808},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17811,189,17812,352,17814,17816],{},[15,17813,4574],{},[15,17815,9887],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1752,17818,17820],{"id":17819},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17822,17823,17824,134],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17825,17826],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1752,17828,17830],{"id":17829},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17832,17833],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1752,17835,17837],{"id":17836},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17839,17840],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1752,17842,5957,17844,5174,17846,2623],{"id":17843},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17845,4574],{},[15,17847,9887],{},[20,17849,17850,17852,17853,17855],{},[15,17851,4574],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17854,9887],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[34,17857,2679],{"id":2678},[209,17859,17860,17864,17870,17874,17880],{},[212,17861,17862],{},[348,17863,351],{"href":9922},[212,17865,17866],{},[348,17867,2686,17868,2689],{"href":11489},[15,17869,11492],{},[212,17871,17872],{},[348,17873,12004],{"href":11484},[212,17875,17876],{},[348,17877,17879],{"href":17878},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[212,17881,17882],{},[348,17883,12015],{"href":11826},[20,17885,17886],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2711,17888,17889],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":17891},[17892,17893,17894,17895,17898,17901,17906,17907,17912,17913,17918,17919,17927],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":15890,"depth":106,"text":15891},{"id":15908,"depth":106,"text":15896},{"id":15993,"depth":106,"text":15994,"children":17896},[17897],{"id":16145,"depth":113,"text":16146},{"id":10158,"depth":106,"text":10159,"children":17899},[17900],{"id":16324,"depth":113,"text":16325},{"id":16437,"depth":106,"text":17902,"children":17903},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17904],{"id":16564,"depth":113,"text":17905},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10200,"depth":106,"text":10201},{"id":16918,"depth":106,"text":16919,"children":17908},[17909,17910,17911],{"id":16939,"depth":113,"text":16940},{"id":17041,"depth":113,"text":17042},{"id":17122,"depth":113,"text":17123},{"id":17208,"depth":106,"text":17209},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":17914},[17915,17916,17917],{"id":17368,"depth":113,"text":17369},{"id":17426,"depth":113,"text":17427},{"id":17490,"depth":113,"text":17491},{"id":17566,"depth":106,"text":17567},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":17920},[17921,17922,17923,17924,17925],{"id":17808,"depth":113,"text":17809},{"id":17819,"depth":113,"text":17820},{"id":17829,"depth":113,"text":17830},{"id":17836,"depth":113,"text":17837},{"id":17843,"depth":113,"text":17926},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15734,"description":17928},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17934,"title":17935,"body":17936,"description":20381,"extension":2749,"meta":20382,"navigation":109,"path":20383,"seo":20384,"stem":20385,"__hash__":20386},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17937,"toc":20337},[17938,17944,17950,17953,17956,17958,18039,18045,18050,18054,18072,18084,18089,18093,18116,18120,18132,18140,18144,18149,18151,18154,18228,18230,18275,18277,18294,18299,18305,18310,18384,18386,18431,18434,18445,18447,18566,18568,18621,18628,18632,18635,18652,18658,18662,18760,18762,18814,18821,18825,18831,18834,18837,18864,18869,18873,18876,18979,18981,19026,19029,19032,19037,19042,19053,19055,19116,19176,19182,19190,19196,19201,19206,19265,19269,19336,19339,19343,19414,19417,19430,19437,19439,19443,19447,19517,19519,19556,19559,19562,19625,19632,19635,19677,19687,19690,19759,19765,19770,19854,19856,19905,19912,19918,19963,19965,19998,20003,20007,20013,20052,20096,20164,20207,20209,20215,20218,20222,20227,20231,20234,20238,20240,20301,20303,20329,20334],[10,17939,13,17941,18],{"id":17940},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17942,17943],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17945,17946,17949],{},[15,17947,17948],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17951,17952],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17954,17955],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[34,17957,37],{"id":36},[39,17959,17961],{"className":41,"code":17960,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17962,17963,17996,18024,18034],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17964,17965,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17966,17967],{"class":54},"keys ",[48,17969,59],{"class":58},[48,17971,4404],{"class":62},[48,17973,67],{"class":66},[48,17975,71],{"class":70},[48,17977,67],{"class":66},[48,17979,87],{"class":62},[48,17981,79],{"class":66},[48,17983,92],{"class":70},[48,17985,67],{"class":66},[48,17987,87],{"class":62},[48,17989,79],{"class":66},[48,17991,11164],{"class":70},[48,17993,67],{"class":66},[48,17995,1465],{"class":62},[48,17997,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18020,18022],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,17999,55],{"class":54},[48,18001,59],{"class":58},[48,18003,9936],{"class":281},[48,18005,134],{"class":62},[48,18007,18008],{"class":137},"fromkeys",[48,18010,151],{"class":62},[48,18012,1396],{"class":137},[48,18014,87],{"class":62},[48,18016,79],{"class":66},[48,18018,18019],{"class":70},"unknown",[48,18021,67],{"class":66},[48,18023,162],{"class":62},[48,18025,18026,18028,18030,18032],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,18027,276],{"class":147},[48,18029,151],{"class":62},[48,18031,287],{"class":137},[48,18033,162],{"class":62},[48,18035,18036],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,18037,18038],{"class":4445},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,18040,189,18041,18044],{},[15,18042,18043],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[34,18046,196,18048,199],{"id":18047},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,18049,17948],{},[20,18051,18052,76],{},[15,18053,17948],{},[209,18055,18056,18059,18062,18065],{},[212,18057,18058],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[212,18060,18061],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[212,18063,18064],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[212,18066,18067,18068,18071],{},"Is called as ",[15,18069,18070],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,18073,18074,18075,18077,18078,18080,18081,134],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,18076,9588],{},", so you write ",[15,18079,18070],{}," instead of something like ",[15,18082,18083],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,18085,18086,18087,134],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[348,18088,351],{"href":350},[34,18090,18092],{"id":18091},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[39,18094,18096],{"className":41,"code":18095,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,18097,18098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18099,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18101,9588],{"class":281},[48,18103,134],{"class":62},[48,18105,18008],{"class":137},[48,18107,151],{"class":62},[48,18109,4502],{"class":137},[48,18111,87],{"class":62},[48,18113,159],{"class":137},[48,18115,162],{"class":62},[1752,18117,18119],{"id":18118},"parameters","Parameters",[209,18121,18122,18127],{},[212,18123,18124,18126],{},[15,18125,4502],{},": the keys to use",[212,18128,18129,18131],{},[15,18130,933],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,18133,18134,18135,18137,18138,134],{},"If you leave out ",[15,18136,933],{},", each key gets ",[15,18139,4560],{},[1752,18141,18143],{"id":18142},"return-value","Return value",[20,18145,2599,18146,134],{},[166,18147,18148],{},"new dictionary",[34,18150,6564],{"id":6563},[20,18152,18153],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[39,18155,18157],{"className":41,"code":18156,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,18158,18159,18192,18214,18218],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18160,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18162,17967],{"class":54},[48,18164,59],{"class":58},[48,18166,4404],{"class":62},[48,18168,67],{"class":66},[48,18170,1137],{"class":70},[48,18172,67],{"class":66},[48,18174,87],{"class":62},[48,18176,79],{"class":66},[48,18178,18179],{"class":70},"green",[48,18181,67],{"class":66},[48,18183,87],{"class":62},[48,18185,79],{"class":66},[48,18187,13848],{"class":70},[48,18189,67],{"class":66},[48,18191,1465],{"class":62},[48,18193,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,18195,1119],{"class":54},[48,18197,59],{"class":58},[48,18199,9936],{"class":281},[48,18201,134],{"class":62},[48,18203,18008],{"class":137},[48,18205,151],{"class":62},[48,18207,1396],{"class":137},[48,18209,87],{"class":62},[48,18211,4616],{"class":99},[48,18213,162],{"class":62},[48,18215,18216],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,18217,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,18219,18220,18222,18224,18226],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,18221,276],{"class":147},[48,18223,151],{"class":62},[48,18225,1196],{"class":137},[48,18227,162],{"class":62},[20,18229,168],{},[39,18231,18233],{"className":41,"code":18232,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,18234,18235],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18236,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18238,537],{"class":62},[48,18240,311],{"class":66},[48,18242,1137],{"class":70},[48,18244,311],{"class":66},[48,18246,76],{"class":62},[48,18248,4616],{"class":99},[48,18250,87],{"class":62},[48,18252,320],{"class":66},[48,18254,18179],{"class":70},[48,18256,311],{"class":66},[48,18258,76],{"class":62},[48,18260,4616],{"class":99},[48,18262,87],{"class":62},[48,18264,320],{"class":66},[48,18266,13848],{"class":70},[48,18268,311],{"class":66},[48,18270,76],{"class":62},[48,18272,4616],{"class":99},[48,18274,103],{"class":62},[20,18276,12431],{},[209,18278,18279,18284,18289],{},[212,18280,18281,18283],{},[15,18282,1396],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[212,18285,18286,18288],{},[15,18287,2904],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[212,18290,18291,18293],{},[15,18292,17948],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18295,18296,18297,134],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[348,18298,10148],{"href":13766},[34,18300,9185,18302,18304],{"id":18301},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18303,17943],{}," without a value",[20,18306,18307,18308,134],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18309,4560],{},[39,18311,18313],{"className":41,"code":18312,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18314,18315,18349,18369,18373],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18316,18317,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18345,18347],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18318,18319],{"class":54},"fields ",[48,18321,59],{"class":58},[48,18323,4404],{"class":62},[48,18325,67],{"class":66},[48,18327,8753],{"class":70},[48,18329,67],{"class":66},[48,18331,87],{"class":62},[48,18333,79],{"class":66},[48,18335,15987],{"class":70},[48,18337,67],{"class":66},[48,18339,87],{"class":62},[48,18341,79],{"class":66},[48,18343,18344],{"class":70},"password",[48,18346,67],{"class":66},[48,18348,1465],{"class":62},[48,18350,18351,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18367],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,18352,18353],{"class":54},"user_data ",[48,18355,59],{"class":58},[48,18357,9936],{"class":281},[48,18359,134],{"class":62},[48,18361,18008],{"class":137},[48,18363,151],{"class":62},[48,18365,18366],{"class":137},"fields",[48,18368,162],{"class":62},[48,18370,18371],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,18372,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,18374,18375,18377,18379,18382],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,18376,276],{"class":147},[48,18378,151],{"class":62},[48,18380,18381],{"class":137},"user_data",[48,18383,162],{"class":62},[20,18385,168],{},[39,18387,18389],{"className":41,"code":18388,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18390,18391],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18392,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18394,537],{"class":62},[48,18396,311],{"class":66},[48,18398,8753],{"class":70},[48,18400,311],{"class":66},[48,18402,76],{"class":62},[48,18404,4635],{"class":1642},[48,18406,87],{"class":62},[48,18408,320],{"class":66},[48,18410,15987],{"class":70},[48,18412,311],{"class":66},[48,18414,76],{"class":62},[48,18416,4635],{"class":1642},[48,18418,87],{"class":62},[48,18420,320],{"class":66},[48,18422,18344],{"class":70},[48,18424,311],{"class":66},[48,18426,76],{"class":62},[48,18428,4635],{"class":1642},[48,18430,103],{"class":62},[20,18432,18433],{},"This is useful when:",[209,18435,18436,18439,18442],{},[212,18437,18438],{},"You want to create the keys first",[212,18440,18441],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[212,18443,18444],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18446,226],{},[39,18448,18450],{"className":41,"code":18449,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18451,18452,18484,18502,18506,18529,18552,18556],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18453,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18455,18319],{"class":54},[48,18457,59],{"class":58},[48,18459,4404],{"class":62},[48,18461,67],{"class":66},[48,18463,8753],{"class":70},[48,18465,67],{"class":66},[48,18467,87],{"class":62},[48,18469,79],{"class":66},[48,18471,15987],{"class":70},[48,18473,67],{"class":66},[48,18475,87],{"class":62},[48,18477,79],{"class":66},[48,18479,18344],{"class":70},[48,18481,67],{"class":66},[48,18483,1465],{"class":62},[48,18485,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,18487,18353],{"class":54},[48,18489,59],{"class":58},[48,18491,9936],{"class":281},[48,18493,134],{"class":62},[48,18495,18008],{"class":137},[48,18497,151],{"class":62},[48,18499,18366],{"class":137},[48,18501,162],{"class":62},[48,18503,18504],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,18505,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,18507,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18527],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,18509,18381],{"class":54},[48,18511,682],{"class":62},[48,18513,67],{"class":66},[48,18515,8753],{"class":70},[48,18517,67],{"class":66},[48,18519,692],{"class":62},[48,18521,695],{"class":58},[48,18523,79],{"class":66},[48,18525,18526],{"class":70},"alice",[48,18528,4138],{"class":66},[48,18530,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18550],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,18532,18381],{"class":54},[48,18534,682],{"class":62},[48,18536,67],{"class":66},[48,18538,15987],{"class":70},[48,18540,67],{"class":66},[48,18542,692],{"class":62},[48,18544,695],{"class":58},[48,18546,79],{"class":66},[48,18548,18549],{"class":70},"alice@example.com",[48,18551,4138],{"class":66},[48,18553,18554],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,18555,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,18557,18558,18560,18562,18564],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,18559,276],{"class":147},[48,18561,151],{"class":62},[48,18563,18381],{"class":137},[48,18565,162],{"class":62},[20,18567,168],{},[39,18569,18571],{"className":41,"code":18570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18572,18573],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18574,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18576,537],{"class":62},[48,18578,311],{"class":66},[48,18580,8753],{"class":70},[48,18582,311],{"class":66},[48,18584,76],{"class":62},[48,18586,320],{"class":66},[48,18588,18526],{"class":70},[48,18590,311],{"class":66},[48,18592,87],{"class":62},[48,18594,320],{"class":66},[48,18596,15987],{"class":70},[48,18598,311],{"class":66},[48,18600,76],{"class":62},[48,18602,320],{"class":66},[48,18604,18549],{"class":70},[48,18606,311],{"class":66},[48,18608,87],{"class":62},[48,18610,320],{"class":66},[48,18612,18344],{"class":70},[48,18614,311],{"class":66},[48,18616,76],{"class":62},[48,18618,4635],{"class":1642},[48,18620,103],{"class":62},[20,18622,18623,18624,134],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[348,18625,18627],{"href":18626},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[34,18629,18631],{"id":18630},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18633,18634],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[209,18636,18637,18642,18647],{},[212,18638,18639,18641],{},[15,18640,4569],{}," (list)",[212,18643,18644,18646],{},[15,18645,4574],{}," (dictionary)",[212,18648,18649,18651],{},[15,18650,4579],{}," (set)",[20,18653,18654,18655,134],{},"All keys will point to the ",[166,18656,18657],{},"same object",[1752,18659,18661],{"id":18660},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[39,18663,18665],{"className":41,"code":18664,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18666,18667,18699,18720,18724,18746,18750],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18668,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18670,17967],{"class":54},[48,18672,59],{"class":58},[48,18674,4404],{"class":62},[48,18676,67],{"class":66},[48,18678,348],{"class":70},[48,18680,67],{"class":66},[48,18682,87],{"class":62},[48,18684,79],{"class":66},[48,18686,2059],{"class":70},[48,18688,67],{"class":66},[48,18690,87],{"class":62},[48,18692,79],{"class":66},[48,18694,2265],{"class":70},[48,18696,67],{"class":66},[48,18698,1465],{"class":62},[48,18700,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,18702,602],{"class":54},[48,18704,59],{"class":58},[48,18706,9936],{"class":281},[48,18708,134],{"class":62},[48,18710,18008],{"class":137},[48,18712,151],{"class":62},[48,18714,1396],{"class":137},[48,18716,87],{"class":62},[48,18718,18719],{"class":62}," [])\n",[48,18721,18722],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,18723,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,18725,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,18727,679],{"class":54},[48,18729,682],{"class":62},[48,18731,67],{"class":66},[48,18733,348],{"class":70},[48,18735,67],{"class":66},[48,18737,14284],{"class":62},[48,18739,14287],{"class":137},[48,18741,151],{"class":62},[48,18743,3770],{"class":99},[48,18745,162],{"class":62},[48,18747,18748],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,18749,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,18751,18752,18754,18756,18758],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,18753,276],{"class":147},[48,18755,151],{"class":62},[48,18757,679],{"class":137},[48,18759,162],{"class":62},[20,18761,168],{},[39,18763,18765],{"className":41,"code":18764,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18766,18767],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18768,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18770,537],{"class":62},[48,18772,311],{"class":66},[48,18774,348],{"class":70},[48,18776,311],{"class":66},[48,18778,76],{"class":62},[48,18780,4404],{"class":62},[48,18782,3770],{"class":99},[48,18784,18785],{"class":62},"],",[48,18787,320],{"class":66},[48,18789,2059],{"class":70},[48,18791,311],{"class":66},[48,18793,76],{"class":62},[48,18795,4404],{"class":62},[48,18797,3770],{"class":99},[48,18799,18785],{"class":62},[48,18801,320],{"class":66},[48,18803,2265],{"class":70},[48,18805,311],{"class":66},[48,18807,76],{"class":62},[48,18809,4404],{"class":62},[48,18811,3770],{"class":99},[48,18813,14439],{"class":62},[20,18815,18816,18817,18820],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18818,18819],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1752,18822,18824],{"id":18823},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18826,18827,18830],{},[15,18828,18829],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18832,18833],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18835,18836],{},"So this:",[39,18838,18840],{"className":41,"code":18839,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18841,18842],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18843,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18845,679],{"class":54},[48,18847,682],{"class":62},[48,18849,67],{"class":66},[48,18851,348],{"class":70},[48,18853,67],{"class":66},[48,18855,14284],{"class":62},[48,18857,14287],{"class":137},[48,18859,151],{"class":62},[48,18861,3770],{"class":99},[48,18863,162],{"class":62},[20,18865,18866,18867,134],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18868,18819],{},[1752,18870,18872],{"id":18871},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18874,18875],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[39,18877,18879],{"className":41,"code":18878,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18880,18881,18913,18939,18943,18965,18969],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18882,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18884,17967],{"class":54},[48,18886,59],{"class":58},[48,18888,4404],{"class":62},[48,18890,67],{"class":66},[48,18892,348],{"class":70},[48,18894,67],{"class":66},[48,18896,87],{"class":62},[48,18898,79],{"class":66},[48,18900,2059],{"class":70},[48,18902,67],{"class":66},[48,18904,87],{"class":62},[48,18906,79],{"class":66},[48,18908,2265],{"class":70},[48,18910,67],{"class":66},[48,18912,1465],{"class":62},[48,18914,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18928,18930,18932,18934,18937],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,18916,602],{"class":54},[48,18918,59],{"class":58},[48,18920,63],{"class":62},[48,18922,154],{"class":54},[48,18924,76],{"class":62},[48,18926,18927],{"class":62}," []",[48,18929,4659],{"class":116},[48,18931,1046],{"class":54},[48,18933,128],{"class":116},[48,18935,18936],{"class":54}," keys",[48,18938,103],{"class":62},[48,18940,18941],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,18942,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,18944,18945,18947,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,18946,679],{"class":54},[48,18948,682],{"class":62},[48,18950,67],{"class":66},[48,18952,348],{"class":70},[48,18954,67],{"class":66},[48,18956,14284],{"class":62},[48,18958,14287],{"class":137},[48,18960,151],{"class":62},[48,18962,3770],{"class":99},[48,18964,162],{"class":62},[48,18966,18967],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,18968,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,18970,18971,18973,18975,18977],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,18972,276],{"class":147},[48,18974,151],{"class":62},[48,18976,679],{"class":137},[48,18978,162],{"class":62},[20,18980,168],{},[39,18982,18984],{"className":41,"code":18983,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18985,18986],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18987,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18989,537],{"class":62},[48,18991,311],{"class":66},[48,18993,348],{"class":70},[48,18995,311],{"class":66},[48,18997,76],{"class":62},[48,18999,4404],{"class":62},[48,19001,3770],{"class":99},[48,19003,18785],{"class":62},[48,19005,320],{"class":66},[48,19007,2059],{"class":70},[48,19009,311],{"class":66},[48,19011,76],{"class":62},[48,19013,19014],{"class":62}," [],",[48,19016,320],{"class":66},[48,19018,2265],{"class":70},[48,19020,311],{"class":66},[48,19022,76],{"class":62},[48,19024,19025],{"class":62}," []}\n",[20,19027,19028],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,19030,19031],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[34,19033,1545,19035],{"id":19034},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,19036,17943],{},[20,19038,19039,19041],{},[15,19040,17948],{}," is a good choice when:",[209,19043,19044,19047,19050],{},[212,19045,19046],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[212,19048,19049],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[212,19051,19052],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,19054,2910],{},[39,19056,19058],{"className":41,"code":19057,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,19059,19060,19105],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19061,19062,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19097,19099,19101,19103],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19063,19064],{"class":54},"flags ",[48,19066,59],{"class":58},[48,19068,9936],{"class":281},[48,19070,134],{"class":62},[48,19072,18008],{"class":137},[48,19074,3767],{"class":62},[48,19076,67],{"class":66},[48,19078,19079],{"class":70},"is_admin",[48,19081,67],{"class":66},[48,19083,87],{"class":62},[48,19085,79],{"class":66},[48,19087,15807],{"class":70},[48,19089,67],{"class":66},[48,19091,87],{"class":62},[48,19093,79],{"class":66},[48,19095,19096],{"class":70},"is_verified",[48,19098,67],{"class":66},[48,19100,18785],{"class":62},[48,19102,4688],{"class":1642},[48,19104,162],{"class":62},[48,19106,19107,19109,19111,19114],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19108,276],{"class":147},[48,19110,151],{"class":62},[48,19112,19113],{"class":137},"flags",[48,19115,162],{"class":62},[39,19117,19119],{"className":41,"code":19118,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,19120,19121,19166],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19122,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19140,19142,19144,19146,19149,19151,19153,19155,19158,19160,19162,19164],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19124,408],{"class":54},[48,19126,59],{"class":58},[48,19128,9936],{"class":281},[48,19130,134],{"class":62},[48,19132,18008],{"class":137},[48,19134,3767],{"class":62},[48,19136,67],{"class":66},[48,19138,19139],{"class":70},"math",[48,19141,67],{"class":66},[48,19143,87],{"class":62},[48,19145,79],{"class":66},[48,19147,19148],{"class":70},"science",[48,19150,67],{"class":66},[48,19152,87],{"class":62},[48,19154,79],{"class":66},[48,19156,19157],{"class":70},"history",[48,19159,67],{"class":66},[48,19161,18785],{"class":62},[48,19163,4616],{"class":99},[48,19165,162],{"class":62},[48,19167,19168,19170,19172,19174],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19169,276],{"class":147},[48,19171,151],{"class":62},[48,19173,486],{"class":137},[48,19175,162],{"class":62},[20,19177,19178,19179,19181],{},"It is ",[166,19180,5413],{}," the best choice when:",[209,19183,19184,19187],{},[212,19185,19186],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[212,19188,19189],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[34,19191,19193,19195],{"id":19192},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,19194,17943],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,19197,19198,19200],{},[15,19199,17943],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1752,19202,9185,19204],{"id":19203},"using-fromkeys",[15,19205,17943],{},[39,19207,19209],{"className":41,"code":19208,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19210,19211,19255],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19212,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19230,19232,19234,19236,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19214,1581],{"class":54},[48,19216,59],{"class":58},[48,19218,9936],{"class":281},[48,19220,134],{"class":62},[48,19222,18008],{"class":137},[48,19224,3767],{"class":62},[48,19226,67],{"class":66},[48,19228,19229],{"class":70},"sound",[48,19231,67],{"class":66},[48,19233,87],{"class":62},[48,19235,79],{"class":66},[48,19237,19238],{"class":70},"music",[48,19240,67],{"class":66},[48,19242,87],{"class":62},[48,19244,79],{"class":66},[48,19246,1635],{"class":70},[48,19248,67],{"class":66},[48,19250,18785],{"class":62},[48,19252,4697],{"class":1642},[48,19254,162],{"class":62},[48,19256,19257,19259,19261,19263],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19258,276],{"class":147},[48,19260,151],{"class":62},[48,19262,14615],{"class":137},[48,19264,162],{"class":62},[1752,19266,19268],{"id":19267},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[39,19270,19272],{"className":41,"code":19271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19273,19274,19282,19296,19310,19322,19326],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19275,19276,19278,19280],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19277,1581],{"class":54},[48,19279,59],{"class":58},[48,19281,1586],{"class":62},[48,19283,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19285,1591],{"class":66},[48,19287,19229],{"class":70},[48,19289,67],{"class":66},[48,19291,76],{"class":62},[48,19293,4697],{"class":1642},[48,19295,1608],{"class":62},[48,19297,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,19299,1591],{"class":66},[48,19301,19238],{"class":70},[48,19303,67],{"class":66},[48,19305,76],{"class":62},[48,19307,4688],{"class":1642},[48,19309,1608],{"class":62},[48,19311,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,19313,1591],{"class":66},[48,19315,1635],{"class":70},[48,19317,67],{"class":66},[48,19319,76],{"class":62},[48,19321,1643],{"class":1642},[48,19323,19324],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,19325,103],{"class":62},[48,19327,19328,19330,19332,19334],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,19329,276],{"class":147},[48,19331,151],{"class":62},[48,19333,14615],{"class":137},[48,19335,162],{"class":62},[20,19337,19338],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1752,19340,19342],{"id":19341},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[39,19344,19346],{"className":41,"code":19345,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19347,19348,19380,19404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19349,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19351,17967],{"class":54},[48,19353,59],{"class":58},[48,19355,4404],{"class":62},[48,19357,67],{"class":66},[48,19359,348],{"class":70},[48,19361,67],{"class":66},[48,19363,87],{"class":62},[48,19365,79],{"class":66},[48,19367,2059],{"class":70},[48,19369,67],{"class":66},[48,19371,87],{"class":62},[48,19373,79],{"class":66},[48,19375,2265],{"class":70},[48,19377,67],{"class":66},[48,19379,1465],{"class":62},[48,19381,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19383,602],{"class":54},[48,19385,59],{"class":58},[48,19387,63],{"class":62},[48,19389,154],{"class":54},[48,19391,76],{"class":62},[48,19393,18927],{"class":62},[48,19395,4659],{"class":116},[48,19397,1046],{"class":54},[48,19399,128],{"class":116},[48,19401,18936],{"class":54},[48,19403,103],{"class":62},[48,19405,19406,19408,19410,19412],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,19407,276],{"class":147},[48,19409,151],{"class":62},[48,19411,679],{"class":137},[48,19413,162],{"class":62},[20,19415,19416],{},"Use:",[209,19418,19419,19424,19427],{},[212,19420,19421,19423],{},[15,19422,17943],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[212,19425,19426],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[212,19428,19429],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19431,19432,19433,134],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[348,19434,2686,19435,2689],{"href":14763},[15,19436,15683],{},[34,19438,1745],{"id":1744},[20,19440,15463,19441,134],{},[15,19442,17948],{},[1752,19444,19446],{"id":19445},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[39,19448,19450],{"className":41,"code":19449,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19451,19452,19485,19507],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19453,19454,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19455,19456],{"class":54},"d ",[48,19458,59],{"class":58},[48,19460,9936],{"class":281},[48,19462,134],{"class":62},[48,19464,18008],{"class":137},[48,19466,3767],{"class":62},[48,19468,67],{"class":66},[48,19470,348],{"class":70},[48,19472,67],{"class":66},[48,19474,87],{"class":62},[48,19476,79],{"class":66},[48,19478,2059],{"class":70},[48,19480,67],{"class":66},[48,19482,18785],{"class":62},[48,19484,18719],{"class":62},[48,19486,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19488,2324],{"class":54},[48,19490,682],{"class":62},[48,19492,67],{"class":66},[48,19494,348],{"class":70},[48,19496,67],{"class":66},[48,19498,14284],{"class":62},[48,19500,14287],{"class":137},[48,19502,151],{"class":62},[48,19504,3770],{"class":99},[48,19506,162],{"class":62},[48,19508,19509,19511,19513,19515],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,19510,276],{"class":147},[48,19512,151],{"class":62},[48,19514,2324],{"class":137},[48,19516,162],{"class":62},[20,19518,168],{},[39,19520,19522],{"className":41,"code":19521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19523,19524],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19525,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19527,537],{"class":62},[48,19529,311],{"class":66},[48,19531,348],{"class":70},[48,19533,311],{"class":66},[48,19535,76],{"class":62},[48,19537,4404],{"class":62},[48,19539,3770],{"class":99},[48,19541,18785],{"class":62},[48,19543,320],{"class":66},[48,19545,2059],{"class":70},[48,19547,311],{"class":66},[48,19549,76],{"class":62},[48,19551,4404],{"class":62},[48,19553,3770],{"class":99},[48,19555,14439],{"class":62},[20,19557,19558],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19560,19561],{},"Use this instead:",[39,19563,19565],{"className":41,"code":19564,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19566,19567,19591,19615],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19568,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19570,17967],{"class":54},[48,19572,59],{"class":58},[48,19574,4404],{"class":62},[48,19576,67],{"class":66},[48,19578,348],{"class":70},[48,19580,67],{"class":66},[48,19582,87],{"class":62},[48,19584,79],{"class":66},[48,19586,2059],{"class":70},[48,19588,67],{"class":66},[48,19590,1465],{"class":62},[48,19592,19593,19595,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19594,19456],{"class":54},[48,19596,59],{"class":58},[48,19598,63],{"class":62},[48,19600,154],{"class":54},[48,19602,76],{"class":62},[48,19604,18927],{"class":62},[48,19606,4659],{"class":116},[48,19608,1046],{"class":54},[48,19610,128],{"class":116},[48,19612,18936],{"class":54},[48,19614,103],{"class":62},[48,19616,19617,19619,19621,19623],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,19618,276],{"class":147},[48,19620,151],{"class":62},[48,19622,2324],{"class":137},[48,19624,162],{"class":62},[1752,19626,19628,19629,19631],{"id":19627},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19630,17943],{}," on a list",[20,19633,19634],{},"Wrong idea:",[39,19636,19638],{"className":41,"code":19637,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19639,19640,19672],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19641,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19643,17967],{"class":54},[48,19645,59],{"class":58},[48,19647,4404],{"class":62},[48,19649,67],{"class":66},[48,19651,348],{"class":70},[48,19653,67],{"class":66},[48,19655,87],{"class":62},[48,19657,79],{"class":66},[48,19659,2059],{"class":70},[48,19661,67],{"class":66},[48,19663,87],{"class":62},[48,19665,79],{"class":66},[48,19667,2265],{"class":70},[48,19669,67],{"class":66},[48,19671,1465],{"class":62},[48,19673,19674],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19675,19676],{"class":4445},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19678,19679,19681,19682,19684,19685,134],{},[15,19680,17943],{}," belongs to ",[15,19683,9588],{},", not ",[15,19686,282],{},[20,19688,19689],{},"Correct usage:",[39,19691,19693],{"className":41,"code":19692,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19694,19695,19727,19749],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19696,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19698,17967],{"class":54},[48,19700,59],{"class":58},[48,19702,4404],{"class":62},[48,19704,67],{"class":66},[48,19706,348],{"class":70},[48,19708,67],{"class":66},[48,19710,87],{"class":62},[48,19712,79],{"class":66},[48,19714,2059],{"class":70},[48,19716,67],{"class":66},[48,19718,87],{"class":62},[48,19720,79],{"class":66},[48,19722,2265],{"class":70},[48,19724,67],{"class":66},[48,19726,1465],{"class":62},[48,19728,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19730,19456],{"class":54},[48,19732,59],{"class":58},[48,19734,9936],{"class":281},[48,19736,134],{"class":62},[48,19738,18008],{"class":137},[48,19740,151],{"class":62},[48,19742,1396],{"class":137},[48,19744,87],{"class":62},[48,19746,4616],{"class":99},[48,19748,162],{"class":62},[48,19750,19751,19753,19755,19757],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,19752,276],{"class":147},[48,19754,151],{"class":62},[48,19756,2324],{"class":137},[48,19758,162],{"class":62},[1752,19760,2015,19762,19764],{"id":19761},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19763,17943],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19766,19767,19769],{},[15,19768,17948],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[39,19771,19773],{"className":41,"code":19772,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19774,19775,19795,19829,19833,19843],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19776,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19778,12831],{"class":54},[48,19780,59],{"class":58},[48,19782,63],{"class":62},[48,19784,67],{"class":66},[48,19786,611],{"class":70},[48,19788,67],{"class":66},[48,19790,76],{"class":62},[48,19792,618],{"class":99},[48,19794,103],{"class":62},[48,19796,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19798,13778],{"class":54},[48,19800,59],{"class":58},[48,19802,9936],{"class":281},[48,19804,134],{"class":62},[48,19806,18008],{"class":137},[48,19808,3767],{"class":62},[48,19810,67],{"class":66},[48,19812,348],{"class":70},[48,19814,67],{"class":66},[48,19816,87],{"class":62},[48,19818,79],{"class":66},[48,19820,2059],{"class":70},[48,19822,67],{"class":66},[48,19824,18785],{"class":62},[48,19826,4616],{"class":99},[48,19828,162],{"class":62},[48,19830,19831],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,19832,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,19834,19835,19837,19839,19841],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,19836,276],{"class":147},[48,19838,151],{"class":62},[48,19840,12878],{"class":137},[48,19842,162],{"class":62},[48,19844,19845,19847,19849,19852],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,19846,276],{"class":147},[48,19848,151],{"class":62},[48,19850,19851],{"class":137},"new_dict",[48,19853,162],{"class":62},[20,19855,168],{},[39,19857,19859],{"className":41,"code":19858,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19860,19861,19877],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19862,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19864,537],{"class":62},[48,19866,311],{"class":66},[48,19868,611],{"class":70},[48,19870,311],{"class":66},[48,19872,76],{"class":62},[48,19874,618],{"class":99},[48,19876,103],{"class":62},[48,19878,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19880,537],{"class":62},[48,19882,311],{"class":66},[48,19884,348],{"class":70},[48,19886,311],{"class":66},[48,19888,76],{"class":62},[48,19890,4616],{"class":99},[48,19892,87],{"class":62},[48,19894,320],{"class":66},[48,19896,2059],{"class":70},[48,19898,311],{"class":66},[48,19900,76],{"class":62},[48,19902,4616],{"class":99},[48,19904,103],{"class":62},[20,19906,19907,19908,134],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[348,19909,2686,19910,2689],{"href":14763},[15,19911,15683],{},[1752,19913,19915,19916],{"id":19914},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19917,4560],{},[39,19919,19921],{"className":41,"code":19920,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19922,19923,19953],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19924,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19926,19456],{"class":54},[48,19928,59],{"class":58},[48,19930,9936],{"class":281},[48,19932,134],{"class":62},[48,19934,18008],{"class":137},[48,19936,3767],{"class":62},[48,19938,67],{"class":66},[48,19940,611],{"class":70},[48,19942,67],{"class":66},[48,19944,87],{"class":62},[48,19946,79],{"class":66},[48,19948,625],{"class":70},[48,19950,67],{"class":66},[48,19952,4670],{"class":62},[48,19954,19955,19957,19959,19961],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,19956,276],{"class":147},[48,19958,151],{"class":62},[48,19960,2324],{"class":137},[48,19962,162],{"class":62},[20,19964,168],{},[39,19966,19968],{"className":41,"code":19967,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19969,19970],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19971,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19973,537],{"class":62},[48,19975,311],{"class":66},[48,19977,611],{"class":70},[48,19979,311],{"class":66},[48,19981,76],{"class":62},[48,19983,4635],{"class":1642},[48,19985,87],{"class":62},[48,19987,320],{"class":66},[48,19989,625],{"class":70},[48,19991,311],{"class":66},[48,19993,76],{"class":62},[48,19995,4635],{"class":1642},[48,19997,103],{"class":62},[20,19999,20000,20001,134],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,20002,4560],{},[34,20004,20006],{"id":20005},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,20008,20009,20010,20012],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,20011,17943],{}," works.",[39,20014,20016],{"className":41,"code":20015,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,20017,20018],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20019,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20021,276],{"class":147},[48,20023,151],{"class":62},[48,20025,9588],{"class":281},[48,20027,134],{"class":62},[48,20029,18008],{"class":137},[48,20031,3767],{"class":62},[48,20033,67],{"class":66},[48,20035,348],{"class":70},[48,20037,67],{"class":66},[48,20039,87],{"class":62},[48,20041,79],{"class":66},[48,20043,2059],{"class":70},[48,20045,67],{"class":66},[48,20047,18785],{"class":62},[48,20049,4616],{"class":99},[48,20051,670],{"class":62},[39,20053,20054],{"className":41,"code":19920,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,20055,20056,20086],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20057,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20059,19456],{"class":54},[48,20061,59],{"class":58},[48,20063,9936],{"class":281},[48,20065,134],{"class":62},[48,20067,18008],{"class":137},[48,20069,3767],{"class":62},[48,20071,67],{"class":66},[48,20073,611],{"class":70},[48,20075,67],{"class":66},[48,20077,87],{"class":62},[48,20079,79],{"class":66},[48,20081,625],{"class":70},[48,20083,67],{"class":66},[48,20085,4670],{"class":62},[48,20087,20088,20090,20092,20094],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,20089,276],{"class":147},[48,20091,151],{"class":62},[48,20093,2324],{"class":137},[48,20095,162],{"class":62},[39,20097,20098],{"className":41,"code":19449,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,20099,20100,20132,20154],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20101,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20103,19456],{"class":54},[48,20105,59],{"class":58},[48,20107,9936],{"class":281},[48,20109,134],{"class":62},[48,20111,18008],{"class":137},[48,20113,3767],{"class":62},[48,20115,67],{"class":66},[48,20117,348],{"class":70},[48,20119,67],{"class":66},[48,20121,87],{"class":62},[48,20123,79],{"class":66},[48,20125,2059],{"class":70},[48,20127,67],{"class":66},[48,20129,18785],{"class":62},[48,20131,18719],{"class":62},[48,20133,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,20135,2324],{"class":54},[48,20137,682],{"class":62},[48,20139,67],{"class":66},[48,20141,348],{"class":70},[48,20143,67],{"class":66},[48,20145,14284],{"class":62},[48,20147,14287],{"class":137},[48,20149,151],{"class":62},[48,20151,3770],{"class":99},[48,20153,162],{"class":62},[48,20155,20156,20158,20160,20162],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,20157,276],{"class":147},[48,20159,151],{"class":62},[48,20161,2324],{"class":137},[48,20163,162],{"class":62},[39,20165,20167],{"className":41,"code":20166,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,20168,20169],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20170,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20172,276],{"class":147},[48,20174,151],{"class":62},[48,20176,2094],{"class":281},[48,20178,151],{"class":62},[48,20180,9588],{"class":281},[48,20182,134],{"class":62},[48,20184,18008],{"class":137},[48,20186,3767],{"class":62},[48,20188,3770],{"class":99},[48,20190,87],{"class":62},[48,20192,632],{"class":99},[48,20194,87],{"class":62},[48,20196,800],{"class":99},[48,20198,18785],{"class":62},[48,20200,79],{"class":66},[48,20202,933],{"class":70},[48,20204,67],{"class":66},[48,20206,3693],{"class":62},[34,20208,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,20210,2606,20212,20214],{"id":20211},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20213,17943],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,20216,20217],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1752,20219,20221],{"id":20220},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,20223,20224,20225,134],{},"Each key gets ",[15,20226,4560],{},[1752,20228,20230],{"id":20229},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,20232,20233],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1752,20235,20237],{"id":20236},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,20239,18875],{},[39,20241,20243],{"className":41,"code":20242,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,20244,20245,20277],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20246,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20248,17967],{"class":54},[48,20250,59],{"class":58},[48,20252,4404],{"class":62},[48,20254,67],{"class":66},[48,20256,348],{"class":70},[48,20258,67],{"class":66},[48,20260,87],{"class":62},[48,20262,79],{"class":66},[48,20264,2059],{"class":70},[48,20266,67],{"class":66},[48,20268,87],{"class":62},[48,20270,79],{"class":66},[48,20272,2265],{"class":70},[48,20274,67],{"class":66},[48,20276,1465],{"class":62},[48,20278,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,20280,602],{"class":54},[48,20282,59],{"class":58},[48,20284,63],{"class":62},[48,20286,154],{"class":54},[48,20288,76],{"class":62},[48,20290,18927],{"class":62},[48,20292,4659],{"class":116},[48,20294,1046],{"class":54},[48,20296,128],{"class":116},[48,20298,18936],{"class":54},[48,20300,103],{"class":62},[34,20302,2679],{"id":2678},[209,20304,20305,20309,20313,20317,20323],{},[212,20306,20307],{},[348,20308,11995],{"href":13766},[212,20310,20311],{},[348,20312,351],{"href":350},[212,20314,20315],{},[348,20316,12004],{"href":18626},[212,20318,20319],{},[348,20320,2686,20321,2689],{"href":14763},[15,20322,15683],{},[212,20324,20325],{},[348,20326,2686,20327,2689],{"href":15728},[15,20328,13520],{},[20,20330,189,20331,20333],{},[15,20332,17948],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2711,20335,20336],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":20338},[20339,20340,20342,20346,20347,20349,20354,20356,20363,20372,20373,20380],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":18047,"depth":106,"text":20341},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":18091,"depth":106,"text":18092,"children":20343},[20344,20345],{"id":18118,"depth":113,"text":18119},{"id":18142,"depth":113,"text":18143},{"id":6563,"depth":106,"text":6564},{"id":18301,"depth":106,"text":20348},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18630,"depth":106,"text":18631,"children":20350},[20351,20352,20353],{"id":18660,"depth":113,"text":18661},{"id":18823,"depth":113,"text":18824},{"id":18871,"depth":113,"text":18872},{"id":19034,"depth":106,"text":20355},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19192,"depth":106,"text":20357,"children":20358},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20359,20361,20362],{"id":19203,"depth":113,"text":20360},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19267,"depth":113,"text":19268},{"id":19341,"depth":113,"text":19342},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":20364},[20365,20366,20368,20370],{"id":19445,"depth":113,"text":19446},{"id":19627,"depth":113,"text":20367},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19761,"depth":113,"text":20369},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19914,"depth":113,"text":20371},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":20005,"depth":106,"text":20006},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":20374},[20375,20377,20378,20379],{"id":20211,"depth":113,"text":20376},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20220,"depth":113,"text":20221},{"id":20229,"depth":113,"text":20230},{"id":20236,"depth":113,"text":20237},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17935,"description":20381},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20388,"title":20389,"body":20390,"description":22216,"extension":2749,"meta":22217,"navigation":109,"path":22218,"seo":22219,"stem":22220,"__hash__":22221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20391,"toc":22183},[20392,20397,20403,20414,20544,20551,20556,20560,20576,20578,20674,20677,20694,20698,20700,20705,20743,20746,20764,20766,20883,20888,20892,20908,20911,21047,21050,21055,21061,21064,21101,21104,21108,21113,21189,21193,21198,21280,21282,21298,21303,21307,21313,21382,21385,21402,21405,21487,21493,21496,21516,21520,21525,21531,21537,21608,21610,21616,21619,21693,21700,21706,21714,21724,21726,21821,21827,21832,21919,21925,21927,21932,21954,21957,22052,22055,22086,22099,22101,22109,22115,22121,22124,22130,22135,22142,22147,22149,22180],[10,20393,13,20395,18],{"id":20394},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20396,11492],{},[20,20398,20399,20400,20402],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20401,11492],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20404,20405,20406,2973,20409,3181,20411,20413],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20407,20408],{},"KeyError",[15,20410,11492],{},[15,20412,4560],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[39,20415,20417],{"className":41,"code":20416,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20418,20419,20455,20459,20485,20510],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20420,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20422,55],{"class":54},[48,20424,59],{"class":58},[48,20426,63],{"class":62},[48,20428,67],{"class":66},[48,20430,71],{"class":70},[48,20432,67],{"class":66},[48,20434,76],{"class":62},[48,20436,79],{"class":66},[48,20438,82],{"class":70},[48,20440,67],{"class":66},[48,20442,87],{"class":62},[48,20444,79],{"class":66},[48,20446,92],{"class":70},[48,20448,67],{"class":66},[48,20450,76],{"class":62},[48,20452,100],{"class":99},[48,20454,103],{"class":62},[48,20456,20457],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,20458,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,20460,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,20462,276],{"class":147},[48,20464,151],{"class":62},[48,20466,287],{"class":137},[48,20468,134],{"class":62},[48,20470,20471],{"class":137},"get",[48,20473,151],{"class":62},[48,20475,67],{"class":66},[48,20477,71],{"class":70},[48,20479,67],{"class":66},[48,20481,6139],{"class":62},[48,20483,20484],{"class":4445},"           # Ana\n",[48,20486,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,20488,276],{"class":147},[48,20490,151],{"class":62},[48,20492,287],{"class":137},[48,20494,134],{"class":62},[48,20496,20471],{"class":137},[48,20498,151],{"class":62},[48,20500,67],{"class":66},[48,20502,11164],{"class":70},[48,20504,67],{"class":66},[48,20506,6139],{"class":62},[48,20508,20509],{"class":4445},"           # None\n",[48,20511,20512,20514,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20537,20539,20541],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,20513,276],{"class":147},[48,20515,151],{"class":62},[48,20517,287],{"class":137},[48,20519,134],{"class":62},[48,20521,20471],{"class":137},[48,20523,151],{"class":62},[48,20525,67],{"class":66},[48,20527,11164],{"class":70},[48,20529,67],{"class":66},[48,20531,87],{"class":62},[48,20533,79],{"class":66},[48,20535,20536],{"class":70},"N\u002FA",[48,20538,67],{"class":66},[48,20540,6139],{"class":62},[48,20542,20543],{"class":4445},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20545,189,20546,20548,20549,134],{},[15,20547,11492],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20550,20408],{},[34,20552,196,20554,199],{"id":20553},"what-get-does",[15,20555,11492],{},[20,20557,22,20558,12164],{},[15,20559,11492],{},[209,20561,20562,20565,20570,20573],{},[212,20563,20564],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[212,20566,12175,20567,20569],{},[15,20568,4560],{}," if the key does not exist",[212,20571,20572],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[212,20574,20575],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20577,226],{},[39,20579,20581],{"className":41,"code":20580,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20582,20583,20620,20624,20649],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20584,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20586,829],{"class":54},[48,20588,59],{"class":58},[48,20590,63],{"class":62},[48,20592,67],{"class":66},[48,20594,71],{"class":70},[48,20596,67],{"class":66},[48,20598,76],{"class":62},[48,20600,79],{"class":66},[48,20602,20603],{"class":70},"Lina",[48,20605,67],{"class":66},[48,20607,87],{"class":62},[48,20609,79],{"class":66},[48,20611,855],{"class":70},[48,20613,67],{"class":66},[48,20615,76],{"class":62},[48,20617,424],{"class":99},[48,20619,103],{"class":62},[48,20621,20622],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,20623,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,20625,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,20627,276],{"class":147},[48,20629,151],{"class":62},[48,20631,1076],{"class":137},[48,20633,134],{"class":62},[48,20635,20471],{"class":137},[48,20637,151],{"class":62},[48,20639,67],{"class":66},[48,20641,71],{"class":70},[48,20643,67],{"class":66},[48,20645,6139],{"class":62},[48,20647,20648],{"class":4445},"     # Lina\n",[48,20650,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,20652,276],{"class":147},[48,20654,151],{"class":62},[48,20656,1076],{"class":137},[48,20658,134],{"class":62},[48,20660,20471],{"class":137},[48,20662,151],{"class":62},[48,20664,67],{"class":66},[48,20666,15987],{"class":70},[48,20668,67],{"class":66},[48,20670,6139],{"class":62},[48,20672,20673],{"class":4445},"    # None\n",[20,20675,20676],{},"In this example:",[209,20678,20679,20684],{},[212,20680,20681,20683],{},[15,20682,15968],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[212,20685,20686,20689,20690,3181,20692],{},[15,20687,20688],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20691,11492],{},[15,20693,4560],{},[20,20695,13761,20696,134],{},[348,20697,351],{"href":9922},[34,20699,360],{"id":359},[20,20701,20702,20703,76],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20704,11492],{},[39,20706,20708],{"className":41,"code":20707,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20709,20710,20724],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20711,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20713,16333],{"class":54},[48,20715,134],{"class":62},[48,20717,20471],{"class":137},[48,20719,151],{"class":62},[48,20721,154],{"class":137},[48,20723,162],{"class":62},[48,20725,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20741],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,20727,16333],{"class":54},[48,20729,134],{"class":62},[48,20731,20471],{"class":137},[48,20733,151],{"class":62},[48,20735,154],{"class":137},[48,20737,87],{"class":62},[48,20739,20740],{"class":137}," default_value",[48,20742,162],{"class":62},[20,20744,20745],{},"What each part means:",[209,20747,20748,20753,20759],{},[212,20749,20750,20752],{},[15,20751,154],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[212,20754,20755,20758],{},[15,20756,20757],{},"default_value"," is optional",[212,20760,20761,20762],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20763,4560],{},[20,20765,226],{},[39,20767,20769],{"className":41,"code":20768,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20770,20771,20795,20799,20824,20849],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20772,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20774,1581],{"class":54},[48,20776,59],{"class":58},[48,20778,63],{"class":62},[48,20780,67],{"class":66},[48,20782,1594],{"class":70},[48,20784,67],{"class":66},[48,20786,76],{"class":62},[48,20788,79],{"class":66},[48,20790,1603],{"class":70},[48,20792,67],{"class":66},[48,20794,103],{"class":62},[48,20796,20797],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,20798,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,20800,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,20802,276],{"class":147},[48,20804,151],{"class":62},[48,20806,14615],{"class":137},[48,20808,134],{"class":62},[48,20810,20471],{"class":137},[48,20812,151],{"class":62},[48,20814,67],{"class":66},[48,20816,1594],{"class":70},[48,20818,67],{"class":66},[48,20820,6139],{"class":62},[48,20822,20823],{"class":4445},"            # dark\n",[48,20825,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840,20842,20844,20846],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,20827,276],{"class":147},[48,20829,151],{"class":62},[48,20831,14615],{"class":137},[48,20833,134],{"class":62},[48,20835,20471],{"class":137},[48,20837,151],{"class":62},[48,20839,67],{"class":66},[48,20841,1615],{"class":70},[48,20843,67],{"class":66},[48,20845,6139],{"class":62},[48,20847,20848],{"class":4445},"         # None\n",[48,20850,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20876,20878,20880],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,20852,276],{"class":147},[48,20854,151],{"class":62},[48,20856,14615],{"class":137},[48,20858,134],{"class":62},[48,20860,20471],{"class":137},[48,20862,151],{"class":62},[48,20864,67],{"class":66},[48,20866,1615],{"class":70},[48,20868,67],{"class":66},[48,20870,87],{"class":62},[48,20872,79],{"class":66},[48,20874,20875],{"class":70},"en",[48,20877,67],{"class":66},[48,20879,6139],{"class":62},[48,20881,20882],{"class":4445},"   # en\n",[34,20884,1545,20886],{"id":20885},"when-to-use-get",[15,20887,11492],{},[20,20889,189,20890,11355],{},[15,20891,11492],{},[209,20893,20894,20897,20902,20905],{},[212,20895,20896],{},"A key might not exist",[212,20898,20899,20900],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20901,20408],{},[212,20903,20904],{},"You are reading optional data",[212,20906,20907],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20909,20910],{},"Example with optional user data:",[39,20912,20914],{"className":41,"code":20913,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20915,20916,20958,20962,20987,21013],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20917,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20954,20956],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20919,12238],{"class":54},[48,20921,59],{"class":58},[48,20923,63],{"class":62},[48,20925,67],{"class":66},[48,20927,8753],{"class":70},[48,20929,67],{"class":66},[48,20931,76],{"class":62},[48,20933,79],{"class":66},[48,20935,20936],{"class":70},"sam",[48,20938,67],{"class":66},[48,20940,87],{"class":62},[48,20942,79],{"class":66},[48,20944,15987],{"class":70},[48,20946,67],{"class":66},[48,20948,76],{"class":62},[48,20950,79],{"class":66},[48,20952,20953],{"class":70},"sam@example.com",[48,20955,67],{"class":66},[48,20957,103],{"class":62},[48,20959,20960],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,20961,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,20963,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,20965,276],{"class":147},[48,20967,151],{"class":62},[48,20969,12329],{"class":137},[48,20971,134],{"class":62},[48,20973,20471],{"class":137},[48,20975,151],{"class":62},[48,20977,67],{"class":66},[48,20979,8753],{"class":70},[48,20981,67],{"class":66},[48,20983,6139],{"class":62},[48,20985,20986],{"class":4445},"              # sam\n",[48,20988,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003,21006,21008,21010],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,20990,276],{"class":147},[48,20992,151],{"class":62},[48,20994,12329],{"class":137},[48,20996,134],{"class":62},[48,20998,20471],{"class":137},[48,21000,151],{"class":62},[48,21002,67],{"class":66},[48,21004,21005],{"class":70},"phone",[48,21007,67],{"class":66},[48,21009,6139],{"class":62},[48,21011,21012],{"class":4445},"                 # None\n",[48,21014,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21040,21042,21044],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,21016,276],{"class":147},[48,21018,151],{"class":62},[48,21020,12329],{"class":137},[48,21022,134],{"class":62},[48,21024,20471],{"class":137},[48,21026,151],{"class":62},[48,21028,67],{"class":66},[48,21030,21005],{"class":70},[48,21032,67],{"class":66},[48,21034,87],{"class":62},[48,21036,79],{"class":66},[48,21038,21039],{"class":70},"Not provided",[48,21041,67],{"class":66},[48,21043,6139],{"class":62},[48,21045,21046],{"class":4445}," # Not provided\n",[20,21048,21049],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,21051,21052,21053,134],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[348,21054,17326],{"href":17325},[34,21056,21058,21060],{"id":21057},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,21059,11492],{}," vs square brackets",[20,21062,21063],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[39,21065,21067],{"className":41,"code":21066,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,21068,21069,21083],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21070,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21072,679],{"class":54},[48,21074,682],{"class":62},[48,21076,67],{"class":66},[48,21078,154],{"class":70},[48,21080,67],{"class":66},[48,21082,1465],{"class":62},[48,21084,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21086,679],{"class":54},[48,21088,134],{"class":62},[48,21090,20471],{"class":137},[48,21092,151],{"class":62},[48,21094,67],{"class":66},[48,21096,154],{"class":70},[48,21098,67],{"class":66},[48,21100,162],{"class":62},[20,21102,21103],{},"The difference is important.",[1752,21105,21107],{"id":21106},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,21109,21110,21111,134],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,21112,20408],{},[39,21114,21116],{"className":41,"code":21115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,21117,21118,21142,21146,21168],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21119,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21121,602],{"class":54},[48,21123,59],{"class":58},[48,21125,63],{"class":62},[48,21127,67],{"class":66},[48,21129,71],{"class":70},[48,21131,67],{"class":66},[48,21133,76],{"class":62},[48,21135,79],{"class":66},[48,21137,82],{"class":70},[48,21139,67],{"class":66},[48,21141,103],{"class":62},[48,21143,21144],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21145,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,21147,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21165],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21149,276],{"class":147},[48,21151,151],{"class":62},[48,21153,679],{"class":137},[48,21155,682],{"class":62},[48,21157,67],{"class":66},[48,21159,71],{"class":70},[48,21161,67],{"class":66},[48,21163,21164],{"class":62},"])",[48,21166,21167],{"class":4445},"   # Ana\n",[48,21169,21170,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,21171,276],{"class":147},[48,21173,151],{"class":62},[48,21175,679],{"class":137},[48,21177,682],{"class":62},[48,21179,67],{"class":66},[48,21181,11164],{"class":70},[48,21183,67],{"class":66},[48,21185,21164],{"class":62},[48,21187,21188],{"class":4445},"   # KeyError\n",[1752,21190,21191],{"id":20471},[15,21192,11492],{},[20,21194,21195,21197],{},[15,21196,11492],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[39,21199,21201],{"className":41,"code":21200,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,21202,21203,21227,21231,21255],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21204,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21206,602],{"class":54},[48,21208,59],{"class":58},[48,21210,63],{"class":62},[48,21212,67],{"class":66},[48,21214,71],{"class":70},[48,21216,67],{"class":66},[48,21218,76],{"class":62},[48,21220,79],{"class":66},[48,21222,82],{"class":70},[48,21224,67],{"class":66},[48,21226,103],{"class":62},[48,21228,21229],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21230,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,21232,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21234,276],{"class":147},[48,21236,151],{"class":62},[48,21238,679],{"class":137},[48,21240,134],{"class":62},[48,21242,20471],{"class":137},[48,21244,151],{"class":62},[48,21246,67],{"class":66},[48,21248,71],{"class":70},[48,21250,67],{"class":66},[48,21252,6139],{"class":62},[48,21254,21167],{"class":4445},[48,21256,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,21258,276],{"class":147},[48,21260,151],{"class":62},[48,21262,679],{"class":137},[48,21264,134],{"class":62},[48,21266,20471],{"class":137},[48,21268,151],{"class":62},[48,21270,67],{"class":66},[48,21272,11164],{"class":70},[48,21274,67],{"class":66},[48,21276,6139],{"class":62},[48,21278,21279],{"class":4445},"   # None\n",[20,21281,19416],{},[209,21283,21284,21290],{},[212,21285,21286,21287],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[166,21288,21289],{},"must exist",[212,21291,21292,21294,21295],{},[15,21293,11492],{}," when the key is ",[166,21296,21297],{},"optional",[20,21299,21300,21301,134],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[348,21302,12015],{"href":11826},[34,21304,21306],{"id":21305},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21308,21309,21310,21312],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21311,11492],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[39,21314,21316],{"className":41,"code":21315,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21317,21318,21343,21347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21319,21320,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21321,21322],{"class":54},"profile ",[48,21324,59],{"class":58},[48,21326,63],{"class":62},[48,21328,67],{"class":66},[48,21330,71],{"class":70},[48,21332,67],{"class":66},[48,21334,76],{"class":62},[48,21336,79],{"class":66},[48,21338,846],{"class":70},[48,21340,67],{"class":66},[48,21342,103],{"class":62},[48,21344,21345],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21346,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,21348,21349,21351,21353,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21375,21377,21379],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21350,276],{"class":147},[48,21352,151],{"class":62},[48,21354,21355],{"class":137},"profile",[48,21357,134],{"class":62},[48,21359,20471],{"class":137},[48,21361,151],{"class":62},[48,21363,67],{"class":66},[48,21365,15990],{"class":70},[48,21367,67],{"class":66},[48,21369,87],{"class":62},[48,21371,79],{"class":66},[48,21373,21374],{"class":70},"Unknown",[48,21376,67],{"class":66},[48,21378,6139],{"class":62},[48,21380,21381],{"class":4445},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21383,21384],{},"This is useful for display text:",[209,21386,21387,21392,21397],{},[212,21388,21389],{},[15,21390,21391],{},"\"Unknown\"",[212,21393,21394],{},[15,21395,21396],{},"\"Not set\"",[212,21398,21399],{},[15,21400,21401],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21403,21404],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[39,21406,21408],{"className":41,"code":21407,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21409,21410,21442,21446,21473],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21411,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21413,408],{"class":54},[48,21415,59],{"class":58},[48,21417,63],{"class":62},[48,21419,67],{"class":66},[48,21421,19139],{"class":70},[48,21423,67],{"class":66},[48,21425,76],{"class":62},[48,21427,2493],{"class":99},[48,21429,87],{"class":62},[48,21431,79],{"class":66},[48,21433,19148],{"class":70},[48,21435,67],{"class":66},[48,21437,76],{"class":62},[48,21439,7134],{"class":99},[48,21441,103],{"class":62},[48,21443,21444],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21445,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,21447,21448,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21449,21450],{"class":54},"total_history ",[48,21452,59],{"class":58},[48,21454,454],{"class":54},[48,21456,134],{"class":62},[48,21458,20471],{"class":137},[48,21460,151],{"class":62},[48,21462,67],{"class":66},[48,21464,19157],{"class":70},[48,21466,67],{"class":66},[48,21468,87],{"class":62},[48,21470,4616],{"class":99},[48,21472,162],{"class":62},[48,21474,21475,21477,21479,21482,21484],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,21476,276],{"class":147},[48,21478,151],{"class":62},[48,21480,21481],{"class":137},"total_history",[48,21483,4442],{"class":62},[48,21485,21486],{"class":4445},"   # 0\n",[20,21488,21489,21490,21492],{},"Here, ",[15,21491,2904],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21494,21495],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[209,21497,21498,21501,21506,21511],{},[212,21499,21500],{},"Use a string for text",[212,21502,189,21503,21505],{},[15,21504,2904],{}," for numbers",[212,21507,189,21508,21510],{},[15,21509,4569],{}," for lists if needed",[212,21512,189,21513,21515],{},[15,21514,4574],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[34,21517,21519],{"id":21518},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21521,21522,21523,134],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21524,11492],{},[1752,21526,21528,21530],{"id":21527},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21529,11492],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21532,21533,21534,21536],{},"This code does ",[166,21535,5413],{}," create a new key:",[39,21538,21540],{"className":41,"code":21539,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21541,21542,21566,21570,21595],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21543,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21545,55],{"class":54},[48,21547,59],{"class":58},[48,21549,63],{"class":62},[48,21551,67],{"class":66},[48,21553,71],{"class":70},[48,21555,67],{"class":66},[48,21557,76],{"class":62},[48,21559,79],{"class":66},[48,21561,82],{"class":70},[48,21563,67],{"class":66},[48,21565,103],{"class":62},[48,21567,21568],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21569,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,21571,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590,21592],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21573,276],{"class":147},[48,21575,151],{"class":62},[48,21577,287],{"class":137},[48,21579,134],{"class":62},[48,21581,20471],{"class":137},[48,21583,151],{"class":62},[48,21585,67],{"class":66},[48,21587,11164],{"class":70},[48,21589,67],{"class":66},[48,21591,6139],{"class":62},[48,21593,21594],{"class":4445},"  # None\n",[48,21596,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,21598,276],{"class":147},[48,21600,151],{"class":62},[48,21602,287],{"class":137},[48,21604,4442],{"class":62},[48,21606,21607],{"class":4445},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21609,564],{},[1752,21611,21613,21615],{"id":21612},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21614,11492],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21617,21618],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[39,21620,21622],{"className":41,"code":21621,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21623,21624,21650,21654,21680],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21625,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21637,21639,21641,21643,21646,21648],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21627,1581],{"class":54},[48,21629,59],{"class":58},[48,21631,63],{"class":62},[48,21633,67],{"class":66},[48,21635,21636],{"class":70},"mode",[48,21638,67],{"class":66},[48,21640,76],{"class":62},[48,21642,79],{"class":66},[48,21644,21645],{"class":70},"light",[48,21647,67],{"class":66},[48,21649,103],{"class":62},[48,21651,21652],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21653,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,21655,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21657,14615],{"class":54},[48,21659,134],{"class":62},[48,21661,20471],{"class":137},[48,21663,151],{"class":62},[48,21665,67],{"class":66},[48,21667,1594],{"class":70},[48,21669,67],{"class":66},[48,21671,87],{"class":62},[48,21673,79],{"class":66},[48,21675,1603],{"class":70},[48,21677,67],{"class":66},[48,21679,162],{"class":62},[48,21681,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,21683,276],{"class":147},[48,21685,151],{"class":62},[48,21687,14615],{"class":137},[48,21689,4442],{"class":62},[48,21691,21692],{"class":4445},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21694,21695,21696,21699],{},"Even though ",[15,21697,21698],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1752,21701,21703,21704],{"id":21702},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21705,4560],{},[20,21707,21708,21709,3181,21711,21713],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21710,11492],{},[15,21712,4560],{}," because:",[209,21715,21716,21719],{},[212,21717,21718],{},"The key is missing, or",[212,21720,21721,21722],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21723,4560],{},[20,21725,226],{},[39,21727,21729],{"className":41,"code":21728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21730,21731,21768,21772,21796],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21732,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21760,21762,21764,21766],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21734,602],{"class":54},[48,21736,59],{"class":58},[48,21738,63],{"class":62},[48,21740,67],{"class":66},[48,21742,71],{"class":70},[48,21744,67],{"class":66},[48,21746,76],{"class":62},[48,21748,79],{"class":66},[48,21750,82],{"class":70},[48,21752,67],{"class":66},[48,21754,87],{"class":62},[48,21756,79],{"class":66},[48,21758,21759],{"class":70},"nickname",[48,21761,67],{"class":66},[48,21763,76],{"class":62},[48,21765,4635],{"class":1642},[48,21767,103],{"class":62},[48,21769,21770],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21771,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,21773,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21775,276],{"class":147},[48,21777,151],{"class":62},[48,21779,679],{"class":137},[48,21781,134],{"class":62},[48,21783,20471],{"class":137},[48,21785,151],{"class":62},[48,21787,67],{"class":66},[48,21789,21759],{"class":70},[48,21791,67],{"class":66},[48,21793,6139],{"class":62},[48,21795,21594],{"class":4445},[48,21797,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,21799,276],{"class":147},[48,21801,151],{"class":62},[48,21803,679],{"class":137},[48,21805,134],{"class":62},[48,21807,20471],{"class":137},[48,21809,151],{"class":62},[48,21811,67],{"class":66},[48,21813,11164],{"class":70},[48,21815,67],{"class":66},[48,21817,6139],{"class":62},[48,21819,21820],{"class":4445},"      # None\n",[20,21822,21823,21824,21826],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21825,4560],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21828,21829,21830,76],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21831,128],{},[39,21833,21835],{"className":41,"code":21834,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21836,21837,21873,21877,21898],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21838,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21840,602],{"class":54},[48,21842,59],{"class":58},[48,21844,63],{"class":62},[48,21846,67],{"class":66},[48,21848,71],{"class":70},[48,21850,67],{"class":66},[48,21852,76],{"class":62},[48,21854,79],{"class":66},[48,21856,82],{"class":70},[48,21858,67],{"class":66},[48,21860,87],{"class":62},[48,21862,79],{"class":66},[48,21864,21759],{"class":70},[48,21866,67],{"class":66},[48,21868,76],{"class":62},[48,21870,4635],{"class":1642},[48,21872,103],{"class":62},[48,21874,21875],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21876,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,21878,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21892,21894,21896],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21880,276],{"class":147},[48,21882,151],{"class":62},[48,21884,67],{"class":66},[48,21886,21759],{"class":70},[48,21888,67],{"class":66},[48,21890,21891],{"class":116}," in",[48,21893,644],{"class":137},[48,21895,4442],{"class":62},[48,21897,4446],{"class":4445},[48,21899,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,21901,276],{"class":147},[48,21903,151],{"class":62},[48,21905,67],{"class":66},[48,21907,11164],{"class":70},[48,21909,67],{"class":66},[48,21911,21891],{"class":116},[48,21913,644],{"class":137},[48,21915,4442],{"class":62},[48,21917,21918],{"class":4445},"      # False\n",[20,21920,21921,21922,134],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[348,21923,21924],{"href":17878},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[34,21926,1745],{"id":1744},[20,21928,21929,21930,76],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21931,11492],{},[209,21933,21934,21939,21946,21951],{},[212,21935,21936,21937],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21938,20408],{},[212,21940,5486,21941,3181,21943,21945],{},[15,21942,11492],{},[15,21944,4560],{}," if no default is provided",[212,21947,5361,21948,21950],{},[15,21949,11492],{}," creates a key automatically",[212,21952,21953],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21955,21956],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[39,21958,21960],{"className":41,"code":21959,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21961,21962,21972,21986,22004,22026],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21963,21964,21966,21968,21970],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21965,276],{"class":147},[48,21967,151],{"class":62},[48,21969,373],{"class":137},[48,21971,162],{"class":62},[48,21973,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,21975,276],{"class":147},[48,21977,151],{"class":62},[48,21979,373],{"class":137},[48,21981,134],{"class":62},[48,21983,1396],{"class":137},[48,21985,1203],{"class":62},[48,21987,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,21989,276],{"class":147},[48,21991,151],{"class":62},[48,21993,311],{"class":66},[48,21995,71],{"class":70},[48,21997,311],{"class":66},[48,21999,21891],{"class":116},[48,22001,2646],{"class":137},[48,22003,162],{"class":62},[48,22005,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,22007,276],{"class":147},[48,22009,151],{"class":62},[48,22011,373],{"class":137},[48,22013,134],{"class":62},[48,22015,20471],{"class":137},[48,22017,151],{"class":62},[48,22019,311],{"class":66},[48,22021,71],{"class":70},[48,22023,311],{"class":66},[48,22025,670],{"class":62},[48,22027,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,22029,276],{"class":147},[48,22031,151],{"class":62},[48,22033,2094],{"class":281},[48,22035,151],{"class":62},[48,22037,373],{"class":137},[48,22039,134],{"class":62},[48,22041,20471],{"class":137},[48,22043,151],{"class":62},[48,22045,311],{"class":66},[48,22047,71],{"class":70},[48,22049,311],{"class":66},[48,22051,3693],{"class":62},[20,22053,22054],{},"What these checks tell you:",[209,22056,22057,22062,22068,22074,22080],{},[212,22058,22059,22061],{},[15,22060,13423],{}," shows the full dictionary",[212,22063,22064,22067],{},[15,22065,22066],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[212,22069,22070,22073],{},[15,22071,22072],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[212,22075,22076,22079],{},[15,22077,22078],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[212,22081,22082,22085],{},[15,22083,22084],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,22087,22088,22089,5174,22094,22098],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[348,22090,22091,22092,2689],{"href":17790},"the dictionary ",[15,22093,1309],{},[348,22095,22091,22096,2689],{"href":17801},[15,22097,17],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[34,22100,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,22102,2606,22104,22106,22107,2623],{"id":22103},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,22105,11492],{}," raise ",[15,22108,20408],{},[20,22110,22111,22112,22114],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,22113,4560],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1752,22116,2606,22118,22120],{"id":22117},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,22119,11492],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,22122,22123],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1752,22125,22127,22128,2623],{"id":22126},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,22129,11492],{},[20,22131,22132,22134],{},[15,22133,4560],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1752,22136,22138,22139,22141],{"id":22137},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,22140,11492],{}," or square brackets?",[20,22143,189,22144,22146],{},[15,22145,11492],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[34,22148,2679],{"id":2678},[209,22150,22151,22155,22161,22167,22171,22176],{},[212,22152,22153],{},[348,22154,351],{"href":9922},[212,22156,22157],{},[348,22158,2686,22159,2689],{"href":17790},[15,22160,1309],{},[212,22162,22163],{},[348,22164,2686,22165,2689],{"href":17801},[15,22166,17],{},[212,22168,22169],{},[348,22170,17879],{"href":17878},[212,22172,22173],{},[348,22174,22175],{"href":17325},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[212,22177,22178],{},[348,22179,12015],{"href":11826},[2711,22181,22182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[22193,22194],{"id":21106,"depth":113,"text":21107},{"id":20471,"depth":113,"text":11492},{"id":21305,"depth":106,"text":21306},{"id":21518,"depth":106,"text":21519,"children":22197},[22198,22200,22202],{"id":21527,"depth":113,"text":22199},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21612,"depth":113,"text":22201},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21702,"depth":113,"text":22203},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":22206},[22207,22209,22211,22213],{"id":22103,"depth":113,"text":22208},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":22117,"depth":113,"text":22210},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":22126,"depth":113,"text":22212},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":22137,"depth":113,"text":22214},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24604,"toc":26660},[24605,24610,24616,24619,24630,24637,24639,24722,24726,24773,24778,24783,24788,24790,24806,24808,24907,24911,24968,24971,24973,24976,25069,25073,25136,25139,25155,25160,25162,25164,25179,25181,25192,25194,25237,25240,25284,25287,25289,25296,25299,25316,25318,25411,25415,25456,25468,25472,25475,25563,25567,25587,25590,25617,25624,25629,25633,25644,25646,25750,25754,25780,25783,25850,25855,25858,25881,25886,25890,25895,25901,25906,25908,25963,25967,25994,26001,26007,26010,26035,26041,26067,26070,26145,26152,26157,26159,26198,26216,26220,26223,26266,26269,26271,26290,26292,26297,26322,26325,26395,26398,26471,26475,26477,26538,26541,26557,26559,26564,26569,26576,26585,26591,26597,26604,26610,26614,26619,26621,26657],[10,24606,13,24608,18],{"id":24607},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24609,1309],{},[20,24611,24612,24613,24615],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24614,1309],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24617,24618],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[209,24620,24621,24624,24627],{},[212,24622,24623],{},"view the available keys",[212,24625,24626],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[212,24628,24629],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24631,24632,24634,24635,134],{},[15,24633,1309],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24636,17742],{},[34,24638,37],{"id":36},[39,24640,24642],{"className":41,"code":24641,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24643,24644,24680,24694,24698,24708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24645,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24647,829],{"class":54},[48,24649,59],{"class":58},[48,24651,63],{"class":62},[48,24653,67],{"class":66},[48,24655,71],{"class":70},[48,24657,67],{"class":66},[48,24659,76],{"class":62},[48,24661,79],{"class":66},[48,24663,82],{"class":70},[48,24665,67],{"class":66},[48,24667,87],{"class":62},[48,24669,79],{"class":66},[48,24671,92],{"class":70},[48,24673,67],{"class":66},[48,24675,76],{"class":62},[48,24677,2506],{"class":99},[48,24679,103],{"class":62},[48,24681,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,24683,17967],{"class":54},[48,24685,59],{"class":58},[48,24687,900],{"class":54},[48,24689,134],{"class":62},[48,24691,1396],{"class":137},[48,24693,380],{"class":62},[48,24695,24696],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,24697,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,24699,24700,24702,24704,24706],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,24701,276],{"class":147},[48,24703,151],{"class":62},[48,24705,1396],{"class":137},[48,24707,162],{"class":62},[48,24709,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,24711,276],{"class":147},[48,24713,151],{"class":62},[48,24715,282],{"class":281},[48,24717,151],{"class":62},[48,24719,1396],{"class":137},[48,24721,670],{"class":62},[20,24723,24724],{},[166,24725,168],{},[39,24727,24729],{"className":41,"code":24728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24730,24731,24753],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24732,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24734,17742],{"class":137},[48,24736,3767],{"class":62},[48,24738,311],{"class":66},[48,24740,71],{"class":70},[48,24742,311],{"class":66},[48,24744,87],{"class":62},[48,24746,320],{"class":66},[48,24748,92],{"class":70},[48,24750,311],{"class":66},[48,24752,4670],{"class":62},[48,24754,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,24756,682],{"class":62},[48,24758,311],{"class":66},[48,24760,71],{"class":70},[48,24762,311],{"class":66},[48,24764,87],{"class":62},[48,24766,320],{"class":66},[48,24768,92],{"class":70},[48,24770,311],{"class":66},[48,24772,1465],{"class":62},[20,24774,189,24775,24777],{},[15,24776,1309],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[34,24779,196,24781,199],{"id":24780},"what-keys-does",[15,24782,1309],{},[20,24784,24785,24787],{},[15,24786,1309],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24789,207],{},[209,24791,24792,24795,24798,24803],{},[212,24793,24794],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[212,24796,24797],{},"It does not need any arguments",[212,24799,2599,24800,24802],{},[15,24801,17742],{}," view object, not a list",[212,24804,24805],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24807,226],{},[39,24809,24811],{"className":41,"code":24810,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24812,24813,24849,24853,24867,24871,24893],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24814,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24816,55],{"class":54},[48,24818,59],{"class":58},[48,24820,63],{"class":62},[48,24822,67],{"class":66},[48,24824,71],{"class":70},[48,24826,67],{"class":66},[48,24828,76],{"class":62},[48,24830,79],{"class":66},[48,24832,13959],{"class":70},[48,24834,67],{"class":66},[48,24836,87],{"class":62},[48,24838,79],{"class":66},[48,24840,92],{"class":70},[48,24842,67],{"class":66},[48,24844,76],{"class":62},[48,24846,100],{"class":99},[48,24848,103],{"class":62},[48,24850,24851],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,24852,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,24854,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863,24865],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,24856,276],{"class":147},[48,24858,151],{"class":62},[48,24860,287],{"class":137},[48,24862,134],{"class":62},[48,24864,1396],{"class":137},[48,24866,1203],{"class":62},[48,24868,24869],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,24870,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,24872,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,24874,287],{"class":54},[48,24876,682],{"class":62},[48,24878,67],{"class":66},[48,24880,11164],{"class":70},[48,24882,67],{"class":66},[48,24884,692],{"class":62},[48,24886,695],{"class":58},[48,24888,79],{"class":66},[48,24890,11171],{"class":70},[48,24892,4138],{"class":66},[48,24894,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,24896,276],{"class":147},[48,24898,151],{"class":62},[48,24900,287],{"class":137},[48,24902,134],{"class":62},[48,24904,1396],{"class":137},[48,24906,1203],{"class":62},[20,24908,24909],{},[166,24910,168],{},[39,24912,24914],{"className":41,"code":24913,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24915,24916,24938],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24917,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24919,17742],{"class":137},[48,24921,3767],{"class":62},[48,24923,311],{"class":66},[48,24925,71],{"class":70},[48,24927,311],{"class":66},[48,24929,87],{"class":62},[48,24931,320],{"class":66},[48,24933,92],{"class":70},[48,24935,311],{"class":66},[48,24937,4670],{"class":62},[48,24939,24940,24942,24944,24946,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,24941,17742],{"class":137},[48,24943,3767],{"class":62},[48,24945,311],{"class":66},[48,24947,71],{"class":70},[48,24949,311],{"class":66},[48,24951,87],{"class":62},[48,24953,320],{"class":66},[48,24955,92],{"class":70},[48,24957,311],{"class":66},[48,24959,87],{"class":62},[48,24961,320],{"class":66},[48,24963,11164],{"class":70},[48,24965,311],{"class":66},[48,24967,4670],{"class":62},[20,24969,24970],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[34,24972,6564],{"id":6563},[20,24974,24975],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[39,24977,24979],{"className":41,"code":24978,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24980,24981,25033,25037,25051],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24982,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24984,602],{"class":54},[48,24986,59],{"class":58},[48,24988,63],{"class":62},[48,24990,67],{"class":66},[48,24992,71],{"class":70},[48,24994,67],{"class":66},[48,24996,76],{"class":62},[48,24998,79],{"class":66},[48,25000,82],{"class":70},[48,25002,67],{"class":66},[48,25004,87],{"class":62},[48,25006,79],{"class":66},[48,25008,92],{"class":70},[48,25010,67],{"class":66},[48,25012,76],{"class":62},[48,25014,2506],{"class":99},[48,25016,87],{"class":62},[48,25018,79],{"class":66},[48,25020,855],{"class":70},[48,25022,67],{"class":66},[48,25024,76],{"class":62},[48,25026,79],{"class":66},[48,25028,864],{"class":70},[48,25030,67],{"class":66},[48,25032,103],{"class":62},[48,25034,25035],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25036,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,25038,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,25040,276],{"class":147},[48,25042,151],{"class":62},[48,25044,679],{"class":137},[48,25046,134],{"class":62},[48,25048,1396],{"class":137},[48,25050,1203],{"class":62},[48,25052,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,25054,276],{"class":147},[48,25056,151],{"class":62},[48,25058,282],{"class":281},[48,25060,151],{"class":62},[48,25062,679],{"class":137},[48,25064,134],{"class":62},[48,25066,1396],{"class":137},[48,25068,294],{"class":62},[20,25070,25071],{},[166,25072,168],{},[39,25074,25076],{"className":41,"code":25075,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,25077,25078,25108],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25079,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25081,17742],{"class":137},[48,25083,3767],{"class":62},[48,25085,311],{"class":66},[48,25087,71],{"class":70},[48,25089,311],{"class":66},[48,25091,87],{"class":62},[48,25093,320],{"class":66},[48,25095,92],{"class":70},[48,25097,311],{"class":66},[48,25099,87],{"class":62},[48,25101,320],{"class":66},[48,25103,855],{"class":70},[48,25105,311],{"class":66},[48,25107,4670],{"class":62},[48,25109,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25111,682],{"class":62},[48,25113,311],{"class":66},[48,25115,71],{"class":70},[48,25117,311],{"class":66},[48,25119,87],{"class":62},[48,25121,320],{"class":66},[48,25123,92],{"class":70},[48,25125,311],{"class":66},[48,25127,87],{"class":62},[48,25129,320],{"class":66},[48,25131,855],{"class":70},[48,25133,311],{"class":66},[48,25135,1465],{"class":62},[20,25137,25138],{},"This shows two things:",[209,25140,25141,25149],{},[212,25142,25143,573,25146,25148],{},[15,25144,25145],{},"data.keys()",[15,25147,17742],{}," object",[212,25150,25151,25154],{},[15,25152,25153],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25156,9919,25157,134],{},[348,25158,25159],{"href":10147},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[34,25161,6209],{"id":6208},[20,25163,2944],{},[39,25165,25167],{"className":41,"code":25166,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25168,25169],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25170,25171,25173,25175,25177],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25172,373],{"class":54},[48,25174,134],{"class":62},[48,25176,1396],{"class":137},[48,25178,380],{"class":62},[20,25180,383],{},[209,25182,25183,25186,25189],{},[212,25184,25185],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[212,25187,25188],{},"It takes no parameters",[212,25190,25191],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25193,17384],{},[39,25195,25197],{"className":41,"code":25196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25198,25199,25223],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25200,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25202,829],{"class":54},[48,25204,59],{"class":58},[48,25206,63],{"class":62},[48,25208,67],{"class":66},[48,25210,71],{"class":70},[48,25212,67],{"class":66},[48,25214,76],{"class":62},[48,25216,79],{"class":66},[48,25218,82],{"class":70},[48,25220,67],{"class":66},[48,25222,103],{"class":62},[48,25224,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25226,276],{"class":147},[48,25228,151],{"class":62},[48,25230,1076],{"class":137},[48,25232,134],{"class":62},[48,25234,1396],{"class":137},[48,25236,1203],{"class":62},[20,25238,25239],{},"Incorrect:",[39,25241,25243],{"className":41,"code":25242,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25244,25245,25269],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25246,25247,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25248,829],{"class":54},[48,25250,59],{"class":58},[48,25252,63],{"class":62},[48,25254,67],{"class":66},[48,25256,71],{"class":70},[48,25258,67],{"class":66},[48,25260,76],{"class":62},[48,25262,79],{"class":66},[48,25264,82],{"class":70},[48,25266,67],{"class":66},[48,25268,103],{"class":62},[48,25270,25271,25273,25275,25277,25279,25282],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25272,276],{"class":147},[48,25274,151],{"class":62},[48,25276,1076],{"class":137},[48,25278,134],{"class":62},[48,25280,1396],{"class":25281},"skxfh",[48,25283,162],{"class":62},[20,25285,25286],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[34,25288,18143],{"id":18142},[20,25290,25291,573,25293,25295],{},[15,25292,1309],{},[15,25294,17742],{}," object.",[20,25297,25298],{},"This object:",[209,25300,25301,25304,25307,25313],{},[212,25302,25303],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[212,25305,25306],{},"can be used in a loop",[212,25308,25309,25310],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25311,25312],{},"list()",[212,25314,25315],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25317,226],{},[39,25319,25321],{"className":41,"code":25320,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25322,25323,25364,25368,25383,25387,25397],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25324,25325,25328,25330,25332,25334,25337,25339,25341,25343,25346,25348,25350,25352,25355,25357,25359,25362],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25326,25327],{"class":54},"car ",[48,25329,59],{"class":58},[48,25331,63],{"class":62},[48,25333,67],{"class":66},[48,25335,25336],{"class":70},"brand",[48,25338,67],{"class":66},[48,25340,76],{"class":62},[48,25342,79],{"class":66},[48,25344,25345],{"class":70},"Toyota",[48,25347,67],{"class":66},[48,25349,87],{"class":62},[48,25351,79],{"class":66},[48,25353,25354],{"class":70},"year",[48,25356,67],{"class":66},[48,25358,76],{"class":62},[48,25360,25361],{"class":99}," 2020",[48,25363,103],{"class":62},[48,25365,25366],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25367,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,25369,25370,25372,25374,25377,25379,25381],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,25371,449],{"class":54},[48,25373,59],{"class":58},[48,25375,25376],{"class":54}," car",[48,25378,134],{"class":62},[48,25380,1396],{"class":137},[48,25382,380],{"class":62},[48,25384,25385],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,25386,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,25388,25389,25391,25393,25395],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,25390,276],{"class":147},[48,25392,151],{"class":62},[48,25394,474],{"class":137},[48,25396,162],{"class":62},[48,25398,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,25400,276],{"class":147},[48,25402,151],{"class":62},[48,25404,2094],{"class":281},[48,25406,151],{"class":62},[48,25408,474],{"class":137},[48,25410,670],{"class":62},[20,25412,25413],{},[166,25414,168],{},[39,25416,25418],{"className":41,"code":25417,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25419,25420,25442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25421,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25423,17742],{"class":137},[48,25425,3767],{"class":62},[48,25427,311],{"class":66},[48,25429,25336],{"class":70},[48,25431,311],{"class":66},[48,25433,87],{"class":62},[48,25435,320],{"class":66},[48,25437,25354],{"class":70},[48,25439,311],{"class":66},[48,25441,4670],{"class":62},[48,25443,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25445,2168],{"class":58},[48,25447,2171],{"class":915},[48,25449,320],{"class":66},[48,25451,17742],{"class":70},[48,25453,311],{"class":66},[48,25455,2180],{"class":58},[20,25457,25458,25459,25463,25464,134],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[348,25460,2686,25461,2689],{"href":17795},[15,25462,1312],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[348,25465,2686,25466,2689],{"href":17801},[15,25467,17],{},[34,25469,25471],{"id":25470},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25473,25474],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[39,25476,25478],{"className":41,"code":25477,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25479,25480,25533,25537,25553],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25481,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25529,25531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25483,829],{"class":54},[48,25485,59],{"class":58},[48,25487,63],{"class":62},[48,25489,67],{"class":66},[48,25491,71],{"class":70},[48,25493,67],{"class":66},[48,25495,76],{"class":62},[48,25497,79],{"class":66},[48,25499,82],{"class":70},[48,25501,67],{"class":66},[48,25503,87],{"class":62},[48,25505,79],{"class":66},[48,25507,92],{"class":70},[48,25509,67],{"class":66},[48,25511,76],{"class":62},[48,25513,2506],{"class":99},[48,25515,87],{"class":62},[48,25517,79],{"class":66},[48,25519,16057],{"class":70},[48,25521,67],{"class":66},[48,25523,76],{"class":62},[48,25525,79],{"class":66},[48,25527,25528],{"class":70},"Math",[48,25530,67],{"class":66},[48,25532,103],{"class":62},[48,25534,25535],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25536,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,25538,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,25540,117],{"class":116},[48,25542,1046],{"class":54},[48,25544,128],{"class":116},[48,25546,900],{"class":54},[48,25548,134],{"class":62},[48,25550,1396],{"class":137},[48,25552,141],{"class":62},[48,25554,25555,25557,25559,25561],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,25556,148],{"class":147},[48,25558,151],{"class":62},[48,25560,154],{"class":137},[48,25562,162],{"class":62},[20,25564,25565],{},[166,25566,168],{},[39,25568,25570],{"className":41,"code":25569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25571,25572,25577,25582],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25573,25574],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25575,25576],{"class":54},"name\n",[48,25578,25579],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25580,25581],{"class":54},"age\n",[48,25583,25584],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,25585,25586],{"class":54},"course\n",[20,25588,25589],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[39,25591,25593],{"className":41,"code":25592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25594,25595,25607],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25596,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25598,117],{"class":116},[48,25600,1046],{"class":54},[48,25602,128],{"class":116},[48,25604,900],{"class":54},[48,25606,1053],{"class":62},[48,25608,25609,25611,25613,25615],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25610,148],{"class":147},[48,25612,151],{"class":62},[48,25614,154],{"class":137},[48,25616,162],{"class":62},[20,25618,25619,25620,25623],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25621,25622],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[34,25625,1545,25627],{"id":25626},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25628,1309],{},[20,25630,189,25631,11355],{},[15,25632,1309],{},[209,25634,25635,25638,25641],{},[212,25636,25637],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[212,25639,25640],{},"you want to display available fields",[212,25642,25643],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25645,226],{},[39,25647,25649],{"className":41,"code":25648,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25650,25651,25704,25708,25723,25740],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25652,25653,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25673,25675,25677,25679,25682,25684,25686,25689,25691,25693,25696,25698,25700,25702],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25654,25655],{"class":54},"product ",[48,25657,59],{"class":58},[48,25659,63],{"class":62},[48,25661,67],{"class":66},[48,25663,71],{"class":70},[48,25665,67],{"class":66},[48,25667,76],{"class":62},[48,25669,79],{"class":66},[48,25671,25672],{"class":70},"Book",[48,25674,67],{"class":66},[48,25676,87],{"class":62},[48,25678,79],{"class":66},[48,25680,25681],{"class":70},"price",[48,25683,67],{"class":66},[48,25685,76],{"class":62},[48,25687,25688],{"class":99}," 12.99",[48,25690,87],{"class":62},[48,25692,79],{"class":66},[48,25694,25695],{"class":70},"stock",[48,25697,67],{"class":66},[48,25699,76],{"class":62},[48,25701,5387],{"class":99},[48,25703,103],{"class":62},[48,25705,25706],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25707,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,25709,25710,25712,25714,25716,25719,25721],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,25711,276],{"class":147},[48,25713,151],{"class":62},[48,25715,67],{"class":66},[48,25717,25718],{"class":70},"Available fields:",[48,25720,67],{"class":66},[48,25722,162],{"class":62},[48,25724,25725,25727,25729,25731,25734,25736,25738],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,25726,117],{"class":116},[48,25728,1046],{"class":54},[48,25730,128],{"class":116},[48,25732,25733],{"class":54}," product",[48,25735,134],{"class":62},[48,25737,1396],{"class":137},[48,25739,141],{"class":62},[48,25741,25742,25744,25746,25748],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,25743,148],{"class":147},[48,25745,151],{"class":62},[48,25747,154],{"class":137},[48,25749,162],{"class":62},[20,25751,25752],{},[166,25753,168],{},[39,25755,25757],{"className":41,"code":25756,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25758,25759,25766,25770,25775],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25760,25761,25764],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25762,25763],{"class":54},"Available fields",[48,25765,1053],{"class":62},[48,25767,25768],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25769,25576],{"class":54},[48,25771,25772],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,25773,25774],{"class":54},"price\n",[48,25776,25777],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,25778,25779],{"class":54},"stock\n",[20,25781,25782],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[39,25784,25786],{"className":41,"code":25785,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25787,25788,25824,25828],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25789,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25791,25655],{"class":54},[48,25793,59],{"class":58},[48,25795,63],{"class":62},[48,25797,67],{"class":66},[48,25799,71],{"class":70},[48,25801,67],{"class":66},[48,25803,76],{"class":62},[48,25805,79],{"class":66},[48,25807,25672],{"class":70},[48,25809,67],{"class":66},[48,25811,87],{"class":62},[48,25813,79],{"class":66},[48,25815,25681],{"class":70},[48,25817,67],{"class":66},[48,25819,76],{"class":62},[48,25821,25688],{"class":99},[48,25823,103],{"class":62},[48,25825,25826],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25827,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,25829,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,25831,276],{"class":147},[48,25833,151],{"class":62},[48,25835,67],{"class":66},[48,25837,71],{"class":70},[48,25839,67],{"class":66},[48,25841,21891],{"class":116},[48,25843,25733],{"class":137},[48,25845,134],{"class":62},[48,25847,1396],{"class":137},[48,25849,1203],{"class":62},[20,25851,25852,25853,134],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25854,4385],{},[20,25856,25857],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[39,25859,25861],{"className":41,"code":25860,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25862,25863],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25864,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25866,276],{"class":147},[48,25868,151],{"class":62},[48,25870,67],{"class":66},[48,25872,71],{"class":70},[48,25874,67],{"class":66},[48,25876,21891],{"class":116},[48,25878,25733],{"class":137},[48,25880,162],{"class":62},[20,25882,25883,25884,134],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[348,25885,21924],{"href":17878},[34,25887,25889],{"id":25888},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25891,25892,25893,134],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25894,1309],{},[1752,25896,2015,25898,25900],{"id":25897},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25899,1309],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25902,25903,25905],{},[15,25904,1309],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25907,226],{},[39,25909,25911],{"className":41,"code":25910,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25912,25913,25949],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25914,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25916,602],{"class":54},[48,25918,59],{"class":58},[48,25920,63],{"class":62},[48,25922,67],{"class":66},[48,25924,71],{"class":70},[48,25926,67],{"class":66},[48,25928,76],{"class":62},[48,25930,79],{"class":66},[48,25932,82],{"class":70},[48,25934,67],{"class":66},[48,25936,87],{"class":62},[48,25938,79],{"class":66},[48,25940,92],{"class":70},[48,25942,67],{"class":66},[48,25944,76],{"class":62},[48,25946,2506],{"class":99},[48,25948,103],{"class":62},[48,25950,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,25952,276],{"class":147},[48,25954,151],{"class":62},[48,25956,679],{"class":137},[48,25958,134],{"class":62},[48,25960,1396],{"class":137},[48,25962,1203],{"class":62},[20,25964,25965],{},[166,25966,168],{},[39,25968,25970],{"className":41,"code":25969,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25971,25972],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25973,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25975,17742],{"class":137},[48,25977,3767],{"class":62},[48,25979,311],{"class":66},[48,25981,71],{"class":70},[48,25983,311],{"class":66},[48,25985,87],{"class":62},[48,25987,320],{"class":66},[48,25989,92],{"class":70},[48,25991,311],{"class":66},[48,25993,4670],{"class":62},[20,25995,25996,25997,134],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[348,25998,25999],{"href":17801},[15,26000,17],{},[1752,26002,26004,26005],{"id":26003},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,26006,17742],{},[20,26008,26009],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[39,26011,26013],{"className":41,"code":26012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,26014,26015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26016,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26018,682],{"class":62},[48,26020,311],{"class":66},[48,26022,71],{"class":70},[48,26024,311],{"class":66},[48,26026,87],{"class":62},[48,26028,320],{"class":66},[48,26030,92],{"class":70},[48,26032,311],{"class":66},[48,26034,1465],{"class":62},[20,26036,26037,26038,26040],{},"But ",[15,26039,1309],{}," returns:",[39,26042,26043],{"className":41,"code":25969,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,26044,26045],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26046,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063,26065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26048,17742],{"class":137},[48,26050,3767],{"class":62},[48,26052,311],{"class":66},[48,26054,71],{"class":70},[48,26056,311],{"class":66},[48,26058,87],{"class":62},[48,26060,320],{"class":66},[48,26062,92],{"class":70},[48,26064,311],{"class":66},[48,26066,4670],{"class":62},[20,26068,26069],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[39,26071,26073],{"className":41,"code":26072,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,26074,26075,26111,26130,26134],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26076,26077,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26078,602],{"class":54},[48,26080,59],{"class":58},[48,26082,63],{"class":62},[48,26084,67],{"class":66},[48,26086,71],{"class":70},[48,26088,67],{"class":66},[48,26090,76],{"class":62},[48,26092,79],{"class":66},[48,26094,82],{"class":70},[48,26096,67],{"class":66},[48,26098,87],{"class":62},[48,26100,79],{"class":66},[48,26102,92],{"class":70},[48,26104,67],{"class":66},[48,26106,76],{"class":62},[48,26108,2506],{"class":99},[48,26110,103],{"class":62},[48,26112,26113,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,26114,26115],{"class":54},"key_list ",[48,26117,59],{"class":58},[48,26119,1191],{"class":281},[48,26121,151],{"class":62},[48,26123,679],{"class":137},[48,26125,134],{"class":62},[48,26127,1396],{"class":137},[48,26129,1203],{"class":62},[48,26131,26132],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,26133,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,26135,26136,26138,26140,26143],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,26137,276],{"class":147},[48,26139,151],{"class":62},[48,26141,26142],{"class":137},"key_list",[48,26144,162],{"class":62},[1752,26146,26148,26149,26151],{"id":26147},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26150,1309],{}," on a list or string",[20,26153,26154,26156],{},[15,26155,1309],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26158,3618],{},[39,26160,26162],{"className":41,"code":26161,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26163,26164,26184],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26165,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26167,2232],{"class":54},[48,26169,59],{"class":58},[48,26171,4404],{"class":62},[48,26173,3770],{"class":99},[48,26175,87],{"class":62},[48,26177,632],{"class":99},[48,26179,87],{"class":62},[48,26181,800],{"class":99},[48,26183,1465],{"class":62},[48,26185,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26196],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,26187,276],{"class":147},[48,26189,151],{"class":62},[48,26191,2411],{"class":137},[48,26193,134],{"class":62},[48,26195,1396],{"class":137},[48,26197,1203],{"class":62},[20,26199,26200,26201,26204,26205,26207,26208,134],{},"You may get an ",[15,26202,26203],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26206,1309],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[348,26209,26211,26212,26215],{"href":26210},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26213,26214],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1752,26217,26219],{"id":26218},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26221,26222],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[39,26224,26226],{"className":41,"code":26225,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26227,26228,26252],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26229,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26231,602],{"class":54},[48,26233,59],{"class":58},[48,26235,63],{"class":62},[48,26237,67],{"class":66},[48,26239,71],{"class":70},[48,26241,67],{"class":66},[48,26243,76],{"class":62},[48,26245,79],{"class":66},[48,26247,82],{"class":70},[48,26249,67],{"class":66},[48,26251,103],{"class":62},[48,26253,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,26255,276],{"class":147},[48,26257,151],{"class":62},[48,26259,679],{"class":137},[48,26261,134],{"class":62},[48,26263,1396],{"class":25281},[48,26265,162],{"class":62},[20,26267,26268],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26270,19416],{},[39,26272,26274],{"className":41,"code":26273,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26275,26276],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26277,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26279,276],{"class":147},[48,26281,151],{"class":62},[48,26283,679],{"class":137},[48,26285,134],{"class":62},[48,26287,1396],{"class":137},[48,26289,1203],{"class":62},[34,26291,1745],{"id":1744},[20,26293,26294,26295,76],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26296,1309],{},[209,26298,26299,26304,26310,26316],{},[212,26300,9185,26301,26303],{},[15,26302,1309],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[212,26305,26306,26307,26309],{},"Thinking ",[15,26308,1309],{}," returns values too",[212,26311,26312,26313,26315],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26314,17742],{}," like a normal list",[212,26317,26318,26319,26321],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26320,17742],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26323,26324],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[39,26326,26328],{"className":41,"code":26327,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26329,26330,26362,26376,26380,26390],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26331,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26333,602],{"class":54},[48,26335,59],{"class":58},[48,26337,63],{"class":62},[48,26339,67],{"class":66},[48,26341,348],{"class":70},[48,26343,67],{"class":66},[48,26345,76],{"class":62},[48,26347,618],{"class":99},[48,26349,87],{"class":62},[48,26351,79],{"class":66},[48,26353,2059],{"class":70},[48,26355,67],{"class":66},[48,26357,76],{"class":62},[48,26359,632],{"class":99},[48,26361,103],{"class":62},[48,26363,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,26365,17967],{"class":54},[48,26367,59],{"class":58},[48,26369,644],{"class":54},[48,26371,134],{"class":62},[48,26373,1396],{"class":137},[48,26375,380],{"class":62},[48,26377,26378],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,26379,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,26381,26382,26384,26386,26388],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,26383,276],{"class":147},[48,26385,151],{"class":62},[48,26387,1396],{"class":137},[48,26389,162],{"class":62},[48,26391,26392],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,26393,26394],{"class":4445},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26396,26397],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[39,26399,26401],{"className":41,"code":26400,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26402,26403,26435,26453,26457],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26404,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26406,602],{"class":54},[48,26408,59],{"class":58},[48,26410,63],{"class":62},[48,26412,67],{"class":66},[48,26414,348],{"class":70},[48,26416,67],{"class":66},[48,26418,76],{"class":62},[48,26420,618],{"class":99},[48,26422,87],{"class":62},[48,26424,79],{"class":66},[48,26426,2059],{"class":70},[48,26428,67],{"class":66},[48,26430,76],{"class":62},[48,26432,632],{"class":99},[48,26434,103],{"class":62},[48,26436,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449,26451],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,26438,17967],{"class":54},[48,26440,59],{"class":58},[48,26442,1191],{"class":281},[48,26444,151],{"class":62},[48,26446,679],{"class":137},[48,26448,134],{"class":62},[48,26450,1396],{"class":137},[48,26452,1203],{"class":62},[48,26454,26455],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,26456,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,26458,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,26460,276],{"class":147},[48,26462,151],{"class":62},[48,26464,1396],{"class":137},[48,26466,682],{"class":62},[48,26468,2904],{"class":99},[48,26470,4670],{"class":62},[34,26472,26474],{"id":26473},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26476,11865],{},[39,26478,26480],{"className":41,"code":26479,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26481,26482,26496,26506,26520],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26483,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26485,276],{"class":147},[48,26487,151],{"class":62},[48,26489,2094],{"class":281},[48,26491,151],{"class":62},[48,26493,373],{"class":137},[48,26495,670],{"class":62},[48,26497,26498,26500,26502,26504],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,26499,276],{"class":147},[48,26501,151],{"class":62},[48,26503,373],{"class":137},[48,26505,162],{"class":62},[48,26507,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,26509,276],{"class":147},[48,26511,151],{"class":62},[48,26513,373],{"class":137},[48,26515,134],{"class":62},[48,26517,1396],{"class":137},[48,26519,1203],{"class":62},[48,26521,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,26523,276],{"class":147},[48,26525,151],{"class":62},[48,26527,282],{"class":281},[48,26529,151],{"class":62},[48,26531,373],{"class":137},[48,26533,134],{"class":62},[48,26535,1396],{"class":137},[48,26537,294],{"class":62},[20,26539,26540],{},"These help you confirm:",[209,26542,26543,26546,26549,26554],{},[212,26544,26545],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[212,26547,26548],{},"what data it contains",[212,26550,26551,26552,12453],{},"what ",[15,26553,1309],{},[212,26555,26556],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[34,26558,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,26560,2593,26562,2596],{"id":26561},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26563,1309],{},[20,26565,2599,26566,26568],{},[15,26567,17742],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1752,26570,15632,26572,26575],{"id":26571},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26573,26574],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26577,26578,26579,26581,26582,134],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26580,17742],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26583,26584],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1752,26586,26588,26589,2623],{"id":26587},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26590,26574],{},[20,26592,26593,26594,26596],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26595,117],{}," loop.",[1752,26598,26600,26601,26603],{"id":26599},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26602,1309],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26605,26606,26607,26609],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26608,1309],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1752,26611,26613],{"id":26612},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26615,189,26616,134],{},[15,26617,26618],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[34,26620,2679],{"id":2678},[209,26622,26623,26628,26634,26640,26646,26650],{},[212,26624,26625],{},[348,26626,26627],{"href":10147},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[212,26629,26630],{},[348,26631,2686,26632,2689],{"href":17795},[15,26633,1312],{},[212,26635,26636],{},[348,26637,2686,26638,2689],{"href":17801},[15,26639,17],{},[212,26641,26642],{},[348,26643,26645],{"href":26644},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[212,26647,26648],{},[348,26649,17879],{"href":17878},[212,26651,26652],{},[348,26653,26654,26655,26215],{"href":26210},"How to fix ",[15,26656,26214],{},[2711,26658,26659],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":26661},[26662,26663,26665,26666,26667,26668,26669,26671,26680,26681,26682,26693],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":24780,"depth":106,"text":26664},"What keys() does",{"id":6563,"depth":106,"text":6564},{"id":6208,"depth":106,"text":6209},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":25470,"depth":106,"text":25471},{"id":25626,"depth":106,"text":26670},"When to use keys()",{"id":25888,"depth":106,"text":25889,"children":26672},[26673,26675,26677,26679],{"id":25897,"depth":113,"text":26674},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26003,"depth":113,"text":26676},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26147,"depth":113,"text":26678},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26218,"depth":113,"text":26219},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":26473,"depth":106,"text":26474},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":26683},[26684,26686,26688,26690,26692],{"id":26561,"depth":113,"text":26685},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26571,"depth":113,"text":26687},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26587,"depth":113,"text":26689},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26599,"depth":113,"text":26691},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26612,"depth":113,"text":26613},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24602,"description":26694},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26700,"title":26701,"body":26702,"description":28975,"extension":2749,"meta":28976,"navigation":109,"path":28977,"seo":28978,"stem":28979,"__hash__":28980},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26703,"toc":28928},[26704,26709,26714,26717,26719,26865,26878,26883,26887,26901,26903,27006,27015,27017,27020,27058,27083,27085,27192,27194,27201,27204,27212,27214,27355,27363,27368,27372,27383,27385,27547,27550,27558,27565,27571,27668,27674,27751,27754,27766,27771,27777,27780,27784,27873,27876,27880,27984,27991,28078,28087,28089,28094,28100,28103,28149,28152,28218,28227,28233,28326,28332,28338,28381,28384,28449,28455,28547,28550,28554,28560,28585,28588,28684,28691,28693,28698,28789,28791,28819,28824,28826,28833,28836,28840,28850,28855,28858,28865,28875,28882,28890,28892,28925],[10,26705,13,26707,18],{"id":26706},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26708,13506],{},[20,26710,26711,26713],{},[15,26712,13313],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26715,26716],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[34,26718,4390],{"id":4389},[39,26720,26722],{"className":41,"code":26721,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26723,26724,26760,26784,26798,26811,26815,26820,26852],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26725,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26727,55],{"class":54},[48,26729,59],{"class":58},[48,26731,63],{"class":62},[48,26733,67],{"class":66},[48,26735,71],{"class":70},[48,26737,67],{"class":66},[48,26739,76],{"class":62},[48,26741,79],{"class":66},[48,26743,82],{"class":70},[48,26745,67],{"class":66},[48,26747,87],{"class":62},[48,26749,79],{"class":66},[48,26751,92],{"class":70},[48,26753,67],{"class":66},[48,26755,76],{"class":62},[48,26757,100],{"class":99},[48,26759,103],{"class":62},[48,26761,26762,26765,26767,26769,26771,26774,26776,26778,26780,26782],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,26763,26764],{"class":54},"removed_age ",[48,26766,59],{"class":58},[48,26768,131],{"class":54},[48,26770,134],{"class":62},[48,26772,26773],{"class":137},"pop",[48,26775,151],{"class":62},[48,26777,67],{"class":66},[48,26779,92],{"class":70},[48,26781,67],{"class":66},[48,26783,162],{"class":62},[48,26785,26786,26788,26790,26793,26795],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,26787,276],{"class":147},[48,26789,151],{"class":62},[48,26791,26792],{"class":137},"removed_age",[48,26794,4442],{"class":62},[48,26796,26797],{"class":4445},"   # 25\n",[48,26799,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,26801,276],{"class":147},[48,26803,151],{"class":62},[48,26805,287],{"class":137},[48,26807,4442],{"class":62},[48,26809,26810],{"class":4445},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[48,26812,26813],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,26814,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,26816,26817],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,26818,26819],{"class":4445},"# Safe version with default value\n",[48,26821,26822,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26848,26850],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,26823,26824],{"class":54},"country ",[48,26826,59],{"class":58},[48,26828,131],{"class":54},[48,26830,134],{"class":62},[48,26832,26773],{"class":137},[48,26834,151],{"class":62},[48,26836,67],{"class":66},[48,26838,15990],{"class":70},[48,26840,67],{"class":66},[48,26842,87],{"class":62},[48,26844,79],{"class":66},[48,26846,26847],{"class":70},"Not found",[48,26849,67],{"class":66},[48,26851,162],{"class":62},[48,26853,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,26855,276],{"class":147},[48,26857,151],{"class":62},[48,26859,15990],{"class":137},[48,26861,4442],{"class":62},[48,26863,26864],{"class":4445},"       # Not found\n",[20,26866,189,26867,26870,26871,26874,26875,26877],{},[15,26868,26869],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26872,26873],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26876,20408],{}," when the key might not exist.",[34,26879,196,26881,199],{"id":26880},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26882,13313],{},[20,26884,26885,76],{},[15,26886,13313],{},[209,26888,26889,26892,26895,26898],{},[212,26890,26891],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[212,26893,26894],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[212,26896,26897],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[212,26899,26900],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26902,226],{},[39,26904,26906],{"className":41,"code":26905,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26907,26908,26948,26952,26975,26979,26993],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26909,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26911,12238],{"class":54},[48,26913,59],{"class":58},[48,26915,63],{"class":62},[48,26917,67],{"class":66},[48,26919,71],{"class":70},[48,26921,67],{"class":66},[48,26923,76],{"class":62},[48,26925,79],{"class":66},[48,26927,13959],{"class":70},[48,26929,67],{"class":66},[48,26931,87],{"class":62},[48,26933,79],{"class":66},[48,26935,11164],{"class":70},[48,26937,67],{"class":66},[48,26939,76],{"class":62},[48,26941,79],{"class":66},[48,26943,11171],{"class":70},[48,26945,67],{"class":66},[48,26947,103],{"class":62},[48,26949,26950],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,26951,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,26953,26954,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,26955,26956],{"class":54},"removed_city ",[48,26958,59],{"class":58},[48,26960,12318],{"class":54},[48,26962,134],{"class":62},[48,26964,26773],{"class":137},[48,26966,151],{"class":62},[48,26968,67],{"class":66},[48,26970,11164],{"class":70},[48,26972,67],{"class":66},[48,26974,162],{"class":62},[48,26976,26977],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,26978,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,26980,26981,26983,26985,26988,26990],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,26982,276],{"class":147},[48,26984,151],{"class":62},[48,26986,26987],{"class":137},"removed_city",[48,26989,4442],{"class":62},[48,26991,26992],{"class":4445},"  # Paris\n",[48,26994,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,26996,276],{"class":147},[48,26998,151],{"class":62},[48,27000,12329],{"class":137},[48,27002,4442],{"class":62},[48,27004,27005],{"class":4445},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,27007,21489,27008,27011,27012,134],{},[15,27009,27010],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,27013,27014],{},"\"Paris\"",[34,27016,360],{"id":359},[20,27018,27019],{},"There are two common forms:",[39,27021,27023],{"className":41,"code":27022,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,27024,27025,27039],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27026,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27028,373],{"class":54},[48,27030,134],{"class":62},[48,27032,26773],{"class":137},[48,27034,151],{"class":62},[48,27036,154],{"class":137},[48,27038,162],{"class":62},[48,27040,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27056],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,27042,373],{"class":54},[48,27044,134],{"class":62},[48,27046,26773],{"class":137},[48,27048,151],{"class":62},[48,27050,154],{"class":137},[48,27052,87],{"class":62},[48,27054,27055],{"class":137}," default",[48,27057,162],{"class":62},[209,27059,27060,27066,27074,27080],{},[212,27061,27062,27065],{},[15,27063,27064],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[212,27067,27068,27070,27071,27073],{},[15,27069,27064],{}," raises ",[15,27072,20408],{}," if the key is missing",[212,27075,27076,27079],{},[15,27077,27078],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[212,27081,27082],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,27084,226],{},[39,27086,27088],{"className":41,"code":27087,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,27089,27090,27122,27126,27151,27179],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27091,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27093,408],{"class":54},[48,27095,59],{"class":58},[48,27097,63],{"class":62},[48,27099,67],{"class":66},[48,27101,19139],{"class":70},[48,27103,67],{"class":66},[48,27105,76],{"class":62},[48,27107,424],{"class":99},[48,27109,87],{"class":62},[48,27111,79],{"class":66},[48,27113,19148],{"class":70},[48,27115,67],{"class":66},[48,27117,76],{"class":62},[48,27119,438],{"class":99},[48,27121,103],{"class":62},[48,27123,27124],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,27125,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27127,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,27129,276],{"class":147},[48,27131,151],{"class":62},[48,27133,486],{"class":137},[48,27135,134],{"class":62},[48,27137,26773],{"class":137},[48,27139,151],{"class":62},[48,27141,67],{"class":66},[48,27143,19139],{"class":70},[48,27145,67],{"class":66},[48,27147,6139],{"class":62},[48,27149,27150],{"class":4445},"         # 90\n",[48,27152,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173,27175,27177],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,27154,276],{"class":147},[48,27156,151],{"class":62},[48,27158,486],{"class":137},[48,27160,134],{"class":62},[48,27162,26773],{"class":137},[48,27164,151],{"class":62},[48,27166,67],{"class":66},[48,27168,19157],{"class":70},[48,27170,67],{"class":66},[48,27172,87],{"class":62},[48,27174,4616],{"class":99},[48,27176,6139],{"class":62},[48,27178,21486],{"class":4445},[48,27180,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,27182,276],{"class":147},[48,27184,151],{"class":62},[48,27186,486],{"class":137},[48,27188,4442],{"class":62},[48,27190,27191],{"class":4445},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[34,27193,18143],{"id":18142},[20,27195,27196,14784,27198,27200],{},[15,27197,13506],{},[166,27199,5413],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27202,27203],{},"Instead, it returns:",[209,27205,27206,27209],{},[212,27207,27208],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[212,27210,27211],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27213,226],{},[39,27215,27217],{"className":41,"code":27216,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27218,27219,27251,27255,27278,27310,27314,27328,27342],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27220,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27222,602],{"class":54},[48,27224,59],{"class":58},[48,27226,63],{"class":62},[48,27228,67],{"class":66},[48,27230,348],{"class":70},[48,27232,67],{"class":66},[48,27234,76],{"class":62},[48,27236,2493],{"class":99},[48,27238,87],{"class":62},[48,27240,79],{"class":66},[48,27242,2059],{"class":70},[48,27244,67],{"class":66},[48,27246,76],{"class":62},[48,27248,2506],{"class":99},[48,27250,103],{"class":62},[48,27252,27253],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,27254,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27256,27257,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,27258,27259],{"class":54},"result1 ",[48,27261,59],{"class":58},[48,27263,644],{"class":54},[48,27265,134],{"class":62},[48,27267,26773],{"class":137},[48,27269,151],{"class":62},[48,27271,67],{"class":66},[48,27273,348],{"class":70},[48,27275,67],{"class":66},[48,27277,162],{"class":62},[48,27279,27280,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27306,27308],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,27281,27282],{"class":54},"result2 ",[48,27284,59],{"class":58},[48,27286,644],{"class":54},[48,27288,134],{"class":62},[48,27290,26773],{"class":137},[48,27292,151],{"class":62},[48,27294,67],{"class":66},[48,27296,2265],{"class":70},[48,27298,67],{"class":66},[48,27300,87],{"class":62},[48,27302,79],{"class":66},[48,27304,27305],{"class":70},"missing",[48,27307,67],{"class":66},[48,27309,162],{"class":62},[48,27311,27312],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,27313,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27315,27316,27318,27320,27323,27325],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,27317,276],{"class":147},[48,27319,151],{"class":62},[48,27321,27322],{"class":137},"result1",[48,27324,4442],{"class":62},[48,27326,27327],{"class":4445},"  # 10\n",[48,27329,27330,27332,27334,27337,27339],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,27331,276],{"class":147},[48,27333,151],{"class":62},[48,27335,27336],{"class":137},"result2",[48,27338,4442],{"class":62},[48,27340,27341],{"class":4445},"  # missing\n",[48,27343,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,27345,276],{"class":147},[48,27347,151],{"class":62},[48,27349,679],{"class":137},[48,27351,4442],{"class":62},[48,27353,27354],{"class":4445},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27356,27357,27358,7401],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[348,27359,27360],{"href":11489},[15,27361,27362],{},"dict.get()",[34,27364,1545,27366],{"id":27365},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27367,13506],{},[20,27369,189,27370,11355],{},[15,27371,13506],{},[209,27373,27374,27377,27380],{},[212,27375,27376],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[212,27378,27379],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[212,27381,27382],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27384,226],{},[39,27386,27388],{"className":41,"code":27387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27389,27390,27442,27446,27473,27477,27501,27505,27519,27533],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27391,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27426,27428,27430,27433,27435,27437,27440],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27393,25655],{"class":54},[48,27395,59],{"class":58},[48,27397,63],{"class":62},[48,27399,67],{"class":66},[48,27401,71],{"class":70},[48,27403,67],{"class":66},[48,27405,76],{"class":62},[48,27407,79],{"class":66},[48,27409,27410],{"class":70},"Laptop",[48,27412,67],{"class":66},[48,27414,87],{"class":62},[48,27416,79],{"class":66},[48,27418,25681],{"class":70},[48,27420,67],{"class":66},[48,27422,76],{"class":62},[48,27424,27425],{"class":99}," 1200",[48,27427,87],{"class":62},[48,27429,79],{"class":66},[48,27431,27432],{"class":70},"discount",[48,27434,67],{"class":66},[48,27436,76],{"class":62},[48,27438,27439],{"class":99}," 200",[48,27441,103],{"class":62},[48,27443,27444],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,27445,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27447,27448,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,27449,27450],{"class":54},"discount_amount ",[48,27452,59],{"class":58},[48,27454,25733],{"class":54},[48,27456,134],{"class":62},[48,27458,26773],{"class":137},[48,27460,151],{"class":62},[48,27462,67],{"class":66},[48,27464,27432],{"class":70},[48,27466,67],{"class":66},[48,27468,87],{"class":62},[48,27470,4616],{"class":99},[48,27472,162],{"class":62},[48,27474,27475],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,27476,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27478,27479,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,27480,27481],{"class":54},"final_price ",[48,27483,59],{"class":58},[48,27485,25733],{"class":54},[48,27487,682],{"class":62},[48,27489,67],{"class":66},[48,27491,25681],{"class":70},[48,27493,67],{"class":66},[48,27495,692],{"class":62},[48,27497,3006],{"class":58},[48,27499,27500],{"class":54}," discount_amount\n",[48,27502,27503],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,27504,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27506,27507,27509,27511,27514,27516],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,27508,276],{"class":147},[48,27510,151],{"class":62},[48,27512,27513],{"class":137},"discount_amount",[48,27515,4442],{"class":62},[48,27517,27518],{"class":4445},"  # 200\n",[48,27520,27521,27523,27525,27528,27530],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,27522,276],{"class":147},[48,27524,151],{"class":62},[48,27526,27527],{"class":137},"final_price",[48,27529,4442],{"class":62},[48,27531,27532],{"class":4445},"      # 1000\n",[48,27534,27535,27537,27539,27542,27544],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,27536,276],{"class":147},[48,27538,151],{"class":62},[48,27540,27541],{"class":137},"product",[48,27543,4442],{"class":62},[48,27545,27546],{"class":4445},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27548,27549],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[34,27551,27553,1306,27555],{"id":27552},"pop-vs-del",[15,27554,13506],{},[15,27556,27557],{},"del",[20,27559,11344,27560,5174,27562,27564],{},[15,27561,13506],{},[15,27563,27557],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1752,27566,189,27568,27570],{"id":27567},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27569,13506],{}," when you need the removed value",[39,27572,27574],{"className":41,"code":27573,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27575,27576,27612,27616,27638,27642,27655],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27577,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27579,55],{"class":54},[48,27581,59],{"class":58},[48,27583,63],{"class":62},[48,27585,67],{"class":66},[48,27587,71],{"class":70},[48,27589,67],{"class":66},[48,27591,76],{"class":62},[48,27593,79],{"class":66},[48,27595,82],{"class":70},[48,27597,67],{"class":66},[48,27599,87],{"class":62},[48,27601,79],{"class":66},[48,27603,92],{"class":70},[48,27605,67],{"class":66},[48,27607,76],{"class":62},[48,27609,100],{"class":99},[48,27611,103],{"class":62},[48,27613,27614],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,27615,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27617,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,27619,183],{"class":54},[48,27621,59],{"class":58},[48,27623,131],{"class":54},[48,27625,134],{"class":62},[48,27627,26773],{"class":137},[48,27629,151],{"class":62},[48,27631,67],{"class":66},[48,27633,92],{"class":70},[48,27635,67],{"class":66},[48,27637,162],{"class":62},[48,27639,27640],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,27641,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27643,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,27645,276],{"class":147},[48,27647,151],{"class":62},[48,27649,92],{"class":137},[48,27651,4442],{"class":62},[48,27653,27654],{"class":4445},"     # 25\n",[48,27656,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,27658,276],{"class":147},[48,27660,151],{"class":62},[48,27662,287],{"class":137},[48,27664,4442],{"class":62},[48,27666,27667],{"class":4445},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1752,27669,189,27671,27673],{"id":27670},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27672,27557],{}," when you only want deletion",[39,27675,27677],{"className":41,"code":27676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27678,27679,27715,27719,27735,27739],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27680,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27682,55],{"class":54},[48,27684,59],{"class":58},[48,27686,63],{"class":62},[48,27688,67],{"class":66},[48,27690,71],{"class":70},[48,27692,67],{"class":66},[48,27694,76],{"class":62},[48,27696,79],{"class":66},[48,27698,82],{"class":70},[48,27700,67],{"class":66},[48,27702,87],{"class":62},[48,27704,79],{"class":66},[48,27706,92],{"class":70},[48,27708,67],{"class":66},[48,27710,76],{"class":62},[48,27712,100],{"class":99},[48,27714,103],{"class":62},[48,27716,27717],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,27718,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27720,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,27722,27557],{"class":116},[48,27724,131],{"class":54},[48,27726,682],{"class":62},[48,27728,67],{"class":66},[48,27730,92],{"class":70},[48,27732,67],{"class":66},[48,27734,1465],{"class":62},[48,27736,27737],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,27738,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27740,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,27742,276],{"class":147},[48,27744,151],{"class":62},[48,27746,287],{"class":137},[48,27748,4442],{"class":62},[48,27750,27667],{"class":4445},[20,27752,27753],{},"Difference:",[209,27755,27756,27761],{},[212,27757,27758,27760],{},[15,27759,13506],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[212,27762,27763,27765],{},[15,27764,27557],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27767,27768,27769,134],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[348,27770,13318],{"href":13317},[34,27772,27774,27775],{"id":27773},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27776,20408],{},[20,27778,27779],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1752,27781,27783],{"id":27782},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[39,27785,27787],{"className":41,"code":27786,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27788,27789,27814,27818,27844,27848,27860],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27790,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27810,27812],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27792,2038],{"class":54},[48,27794,59],{"class":58},[48,27796,63],{"class":62},[48,27798,67],{"class":66},[48,27800,71],{"class":70},[48,27802,67],{"class":66},[48,27804,76],{"class":62},[48,27806,79],{"class":66},[48,27808,27809],{"class":70},"Sara",[48,27811,67],{"class":66},[48,27813,103],{"class":62},[48,27815,27816],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,27817,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27819,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,27821,3231],{"class":54},[48,27823,59],{"class":58},[48,27825,2646],{"class":54},[48,27827,134],{"class":62},[48,27829,26773],{"class":137},[48,27831,151],{"class":62},[48,27833,67],{"class":66},[48,27835,92],{"class":70},[48,27837,67],{"class":66},[48,27839,87],{"class":62},[48,27841,4635],{"class":1642},[48,27843,162],{"class":62},[48,27845,27846],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,27847,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27849,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,27851,276],{"class":147},[48,27853,151],{"class":62},[48,27855,933],{"class":137},[48,27857,4442],{"class":62},[48,27859,21279],{"class":4445},[48,27861,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,27863,276],{"class":147},[48,27865,151],{"class":62},[48,27867,373],{"class":137},[48,27869,4442],{"class":62},[48,27871,27872],{"class":4445}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27874,27875],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1752,27877,27879],{"id":27878},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[39,27881,27883],{"className":41,"code":27882,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27884,27885,27909,27913,27929,27952,27962,27969],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27886,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27888,2038],{"class":54},[48,27890,59],{"class":58},[48,27892,63],{"class":62},[48,27894,67],{"class":66},[48,27896,71],{"class":70},[48,27898,67],{"class":66},[48,27900,76],{"class":62},[48,27902,79],{"class":66},[48,27904,27809],{"class":70},[48,27906,67],{"class":66},[48,27908,103],{"class":62},[48,27910,27911],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,27912,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,27914,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,27916,7767],{"class":116},[48,27918,79],{"class":66},[48,27920,92],{"class":70},[48,27922,67],{"class":66},[48,27924,21891],{"class":58},[48,27926,2646],{"class":54},[48,27928,1053],{"class":62},[48,27930,27931,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,27932,27933],{"class":54},"    value ",[48,27935,59],{"class":58},[48,27937,2646],{"class":54},[48,27939,134],{"class":62},[48,27941,26773],{"class":137},[48,27943,151],{"class":62},[48,27945,67],{"class":66},[48,27947,92],{"class":70},[48,27949,67],{"class":66},[48,27951,162],{"class":62},[48,27953,27954,27956,27958,27960],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,27955,148],{"class":147},[48,27957,151],{"class":62},[48,27959,933],{"class":137},[48,27961,162],{"class":62},[48,27963,27964,27967],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,27965,27966],{"class":116},"else",[48,27968,1053],{"class":62},[48,27970,27971,27973,27975,27977,27980,27982],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,27972,148],{"class":147},[48,27974,151],{"class":62},[48,27976,67],{"class":66},[48,27978,27979],{"class":70},"Key not found",[48,27981,67],{"class":66},[48,27983,162],{"class":62},[1752,27985,27987,27988,27990],{"id":27986},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27989,11492],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[39,27992,27994],{"className":41,"code":27993,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27995,27996,28020,28024,28050,28054,28066],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27997,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27999,2038],{"class":54},[48,28001,59],{"class":58},[48,28003,63],{"class":62},[48,28005,67],{"class":66},[48,28007,71],{"class":70},[48,28009,67],{"class":66},[48,28011,76],{"class":62},[48,28013,79],{"class":66},[48,28015,27809],{"class":70},[48,28017,67],{"class":66},[48,28019,103],{"class":62},[48,28021,28022],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28023,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28025,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,28027,3231],{"class":54},[48,28029,59],{"class":58},[48,28031,2646],{"class":54},[48,28033,134],{"class":62},[48,28035,20471],{"class":137},[48,28037,151],{"class":62},[48,28039,67],{"class":66},[48,28041,92],{"class":70},[48,28043,67],{"class":66},[48,28045,87],{"class":62},[48,28047,4635],{"class":1642},[48,28049,162],{"class":62},[48,28051,28052],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,28053,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28055,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,28057,276],{"class":147},[48,28059,151],{"class":62},[48,28061,933],{"class":137},[48,28063,4442],{"class":62},[48,28065,21279],{"class":4445},[48,28067,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,28069,276],{"class":147},[48,28071,151],{"class":62},[48,28073,373],{"class":137},[48,28075,4442],{"class":62},[48,28077,27872],{"class":4445},[20,28079,189,28080,28084,28085,134],{},[348,28081,28082],{"href":11489},[15,28083,27362],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[348,28086,12015],{"href":11826},[34,28088,5300],{"id":5299},[20,28090,28091,28092,134],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,28093,13313],{},[1752,28095,26306,28097,28099],{"id":28096},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,28098,13506],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,28101,28102],{},"Lists use indexes:",[39,28104,28106],{"className":41,"code":28105,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,28107,28108,28128],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28109,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28111,2232],{"class":54},[48,28113,59],{"class":58},[48,28115,4404],{"class":62},[48,28117,3114],{"class":99},[48,28119,87],{"class":62},[48,28121,2506],{"class":99},[48,28123,87],{"class":62},[48,28125,8564],{"class":99},[48,28127,1465],{"class":62},[48,28129,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144,28146],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28131,276],{"class":147},[48,28133,151],{"class":62},[48,28135,2411],{"class":137},[48,28137,134],{"class":62},[48,28139,26773],{"class":137},[48,28141,151],{"class":62},[48,28143,3770],{"class":99},[48,28145,6139],{"class":62},[48,28147,28148],{"class":4445},"  # 20\n",[20,28150,28151],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[39,28153,28155],{"className":41,"code":28154,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28156,28157,28193],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28158,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28160,55],{"class":54},[48,28162,59],{"class":58},[48,28164,63],{"class":62},[48,28166,67],{"class":66},[48,28168,71],{"class":70},[48,28170,67],{"class":66},[48,28172,76],{"class":62},[48,28174,79],{"class":66},[48,28176,82],{"class":70},[48,28178,67],{"class":66},[48,28180,87],{"class":62},[48,28182,79],{"class":66},[48,28184,92],{"class":70},[48,28186,67],{"class":66},[48,28188,76],{"class":62},[48,28190,100],{"class":99},[48,28192,103],{"class":62},[48,28194,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28196,276],{"class":147},[48,28198,151],{"class":62},[48,28200,287],{"class":137},[48,28202,134],{"class":62},[48,28204,26773],{"class":137},[48,28206,151],{"class":62},[48,28208,67],{"class":66},[48,28210,92],{"class":70},[48,28212,67],{"class":66},[48,28214,6139],{"class":62},[48,28216,28217],{"class":4445},"  # 25\n",[20,28219,28220,28221,28223,28224,28226],{},"A dictionary does ",[166,28222,5413],{}," use positions with ",[15,28225,13506],{},". It uses keys.",[1752,28228,5486,28230,28232],{"id":28229},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28231,13506],{}," changes the original dictionary",[39,28234,28236],{"className":41,"code":28235,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28237,28238,28270,28274,28296,28300,28313],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28239,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28241,602],{"class":54},[48,28243,59],{"class":58},[48,28245,63],{"class":62},[48,28247,67],{"class":66},[48,28249,611],{"class":70},[48,28251,67],{"class":66},[48,28253,76],{"class":62},[48,28255,618],{"class":99},[48,28257,87],{"class":62},[48,28259,79],{"class":66},[48,28261,625],{"class":70},[48,28263,67],{"class":66},[48,28265,76],{"class":62},[48,28267,632],{"class":99},[48,28269,103],{"class":62},[48,28271,28272],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28273,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28275,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,28277,3231],{"class":54},[48,28279,59],{"class":58},[48,28281,644],{"class":54},[48,28283,134],{"class":62},[48,28285,26773],{"class":137},[48,28287,151],{"class":62},[48,28289,67],{"class":66},[48,28291,611],{"class":70},[48,28293,67],{"class":66},[48,28295,162],{"class":62},[48,28297,28298],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,28299,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28301,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,28303,276],{"class":147},[48,28305,151],{"class":62},[48,28307,933],{"class":137},[48,28309,4442],{"class":62},[48,28311,28312],{"class":4445},"  # 1\n",[48,28314,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,28316,276],{"class":147},[48,28318,151],{"class":62},[48,28320,679],{"class":137},[48,28322,4442],{"class":62},[48,28324,28325],{"class":4445},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28327,28328,28329,28331],{},"After ",[15,28330,13506],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1752,28333,9185,28335,28337],{"id":28334},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28336,13506],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[39,28339,28341],{"className":41,"code":28340,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28342,28343,28367,28371,28376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28344,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28346,602],{"class":54},[48,28348,59],{"class":58},[48,28350,63],{"class":62},[48,28352,67],{"class":66},[48,28354,71],{"class":70},[48,28356,67],{"class":66},[48,28358,76],{"class":62},[48,28360,79],{"class":66},[48,28362,846],{"class":70},[48,28364,67],{"class":66},[48,28366,103],{"class":62},[48,28368,28369],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28370,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28372,28373],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,28374,28375],{"class":4445},"# This causes an error\n",[48,28377,28378],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,28379,28380],{"class":4445},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28382,28383],{},"Safer version:",[39,28385,28387],{"className":41,"code":28386,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28388,28389,28413,28417],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28390,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28392,602],{"class":54},[48,28394,59],{"class":58},[48,28396,63],{"class":62},[48,28398,67],{"class":66},[48,28400,71],{"class":70},[48,28402,67],{"class":66},[48,28404,76],{"class":62},[48,28406,79],{"class":66},[48,28408,846],{"class":70},[48,28410,67],{"class":66},[48,28412,103],{"class":62},[48,28414,28415],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28416,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28418,28419,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437,28439,28441,28443,28445,28447],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,28420,276],{"class":147},[48,28422,151],{"class":62},[48,28424,679],{"class":137},[48,28426,134],{"class":62},[48,28428,26773],{"class":137},[48,28430,151],{"class":62},[48,28432,67],{"class":66},[48,28434,92],{"class":70},[48,28436,67],{"class":66},[48,28438,87],{"class":62},[48,28440,79],{"class":66},[48,28442,27305],{"class":70},[48,28444,67],{"class":66},[48,28446,6139],{"class":62},[48,28448,27341],{"class":4445},[1752,28450,2015,28452,28454],{"id":28451},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28453,13506],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[39,28456,28458],{"className":41,"code":28457,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28459,28460,28492,28496,28518,28522,28534],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28461,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474,28476,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486,28488,28490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28463,602],{"class":54},[48,28465,59],{"class":58},[48,28467,63],{"class":62},[48,28469,67],{"class":66},[48,28471,348],{"class":70},[48,28473,67],{"class":66},[48,28475,76],{"class":62},[48,28477,618],{"class":99},[48,28479,87],{"class":62},[48,28481,79],{"class":66},[48,28483,2059],{"class":70},[48,28485,67],{"class":66},[48,28487,76],{"class":62},[48,28489,632],{"class":99},[48,28491,103],{"class":62},[48,28493,28494],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28495,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28497,28498,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,28499,449],{"class":54},[48,28501,59],{"class":58},[48,28503,644],{"class":54},[48,28505,134],{"class":62},[48,28507,26773],{"class":137},[48,28509,151],{"class":62},[48,28511,67],{"class":66},[48,28513,348],{"class":70},[48,28515,67],{"class":66},[48,28517,162],{"class":62},[48,28519,28520],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,28521,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28523,28524,28526,28528,28530,28532],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,28525,276],{"class":147},[48,28527,151],{"class":62},[48,28529,474],{"class":137},[48,28531,4442],{"class":62},[48,28533,28312],{"class":4445},[48,28535,28536,28538,28540,28542,28544],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,28537,276],{"class":147},[48,28539,151],{"class":62},[48,28541,679],{"class":137},[48,28543,4442],{"class":62},[48,28545,28546],{"class":4445},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28548,28549],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[34,28551,28553],{"id":28552},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28555,28556,28557,28559],{},"Problems with ",[15,28558,13313],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[209,28561,28562,28565,28574,28577],{},[212,28563,28564],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[212,28566,28567,28568,28571,28572],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28569,28570],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28573,26869],{},[212,28575,28576],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[212,28578,28579,28580,11844,28582],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28581,3770],{},[15,28583,28584],{},"\"1\"",[20,28586,28587],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[39,28589,28591],{"className":41,"code":28590,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28592,28593,28617,28621,28651],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28594,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28596,602],{"class":54},[48,28598,59],{"class":58},[48,28600,63],{"class":62},[48,28602,67],{"class":66},[48,28604,3770],{"class":70},[48,28606,67],{"class":66},[48,28608,76],{"class":62},[48,28610,79],{"class":66},[48,28612,7355],{"class":70},[48,28614,67],{"class":66},[48,28616,103],{"class":62},[48,28618,28619],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28620,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,28622,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28644,28646,28648],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,28624,276],{"class":147},[48,28626,151],{"class":62},[48,28628,679],{"class":137},[48,28630,134],{"class":62},[48,28632,26773],{"class":137},[48,28634,151],{"class":62},[48,28636,3770],{"class":99},[48,28638,87],{"class":62},[48,28640,79],{"class":66},[48,28642,28643],{"class":70},"not found",[48,28645,67],{"class":66},[48,28647,6139],{"class":62},[48,28649,28650],{"class":4445},"    # not found\n",[48,28652,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,28654,276],{"class":147},[48,28656,151],{"class":62},[48,28658,679],{"class":137},[48,28660,134],{"class":62},[48,28662,26773],{"class":137},[48,28664,151],{"class":62},[48,28666,67],{"class":66},[48,28668,3770],{"class":70},[48,28670,67],{"class":66},[48,28672,87],{"class":62},[48,28674,79],{"class":66},[48,28676,28643],{"class":70},[48,28678,67],{"class":66},[48,28680,6139],{"class":62},[48,28682,28683],{"class":4445},"  # one\n",[20,28685,28686,5174,28688,28690],{},[15,28687,3770],{},[15,28689,28584],{}," are different keys.",[34,28692,9639],{"id":9638},[20,28694,9642,28695,28697],{},[15,28696,13506],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[39,28699,28701],{"className":41,"code":28700,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28702,28703,28713,28727,28745,28775],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28704,28705,28707,28709,28711],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28706,276],{"class":147},[48,28708,151],{"class":62},[48,28710,373],{"class":137},[48,28712,162],{"class":62},[48,28714,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,28716,276],{"class":147},[48,28718,151],{"class":62},[48,28720,373],{"class":137},[48,28722,134],{"class":62},[48,28724,1396],{"class":137},[48,28726,1203],{"class":62},[48,28728,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,28730,276],{"class":147},[48,28732,151],{"class":62},[48,28734,311],{"class":66},[48,28736,71],{"class":70},[48,28738,311],{"class":66},[48,28740,21891],{"class":116},[48,28742,2646],{"class":137},[48,28744,162],{"class":62},[48,28746,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771,28773],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,28748,276],{"class":147},[48,28750,151],{"class":62},[48,28752,373],{"class":137},[48,28754,134],{"class":62},[48,28756,26773],{"class":137},[48,28758,151],{"class":62},[48,28760,311],{"class":66},[48,28762,71],{"class":70},[48,28764,311],{"class":66},[48,28766,87],{"class":62},[48,28768,320],{"class":66},[48,28770,27305],{"class":70},[48,28772,311],{"class":66},[48,28774,670],{"class":62},[48,28776,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,28778,276],{"class":147},[48,28780,151],{"class":62},[48,28782,2094],{"class":281},[48,28784,151],{"class":62},[48,28786,373],{"class":137},[48,28788,670],{"class":62},[20,28790,22054],{},[209,28792,28793,28798,28803,28808,28814],{},[212,28794,28795,28797],{},[15,28796,13423],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[212,28799,28800,28802],{},[15,28801,22066],{}," shows all available keys",[212,28804,28805,28807],{},[15,28806,22072],{}," checks whether a key exists",[212,28809,28810,28813],{},[15,28811,28812],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[212,28815,28816,28818],{},[15,28817,13429],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28820,28821,28822,134],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[348,28823,10148],{"href":10147},[34,28825,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,28827,28829,28830,28832],{"id":28828},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28831,13506],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28834,28835],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1752,28837,28839],{"id":28838},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28841,28842,27070,28844,28846,28847,28849],{},[15,28843,26869],{},[15,28845,20408],{},". ",[15,28848,26873],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1752,28851,2606,28853,15625],{"id":28852},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28854,13506],{},[20,28856,28857],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1752,28859,28861,28862,28864],{"id":28860},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28863,13506],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28866,28867,28868,28870,28871,134],{},"Not with ",[15,28869,13313],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[348,28872,28873],{"href":13324},[15,28874,13513],{},[1752,28876,5957,28878,5174,28880,2623],{"id":28877},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28879,11492],{},[15,28881,13506],{},[20,28883,28884,28886,28887,28889],{},[15,28885,11492],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28888,13506],{}," reads and removes it.",[34,28891,2679],{"id":2678},[209,28893,28894,28900,28907,28911,28915,28919],{},[212,28895,28896],{},[348,28897,28898],{"href":11489},[15,28899,20389],{},[212,28901,28902],{},[348,28903,28904],{"href":13324},[15,28905,28906],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[212,28908,28909],{},[348,28910,13530],{"href":13317},[212,28912,28913],{},[348,28914,22175],{"href":17325},[212,28916,28917],{},[348,28918,12015],{"href":11826},[212,28920,28921],{},[348,28922,28924],{"href":28923},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2711,28926,28927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":28929},[28930,28931,28933,28934,28935,28937,28944,28951,28961,28962,28963,28974],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":26880,"depth":106,"text":28932},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":27365,"depth":106,"text":28936},"When to use pop()",{"id":27552,"depth":106,"text":28938,"children":28939},"pop() vs del",[28940,28942],{"id":27567,"depth":113,"text":28941},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27670,"depth":113,"text":28943},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27773,"depth":106,"text":28945,"children":28946},"How to avoid KeyError",[28947,28948,28949],{"id":27782,"depth":113,"text":27783},{"id":27878,"depth":113,"text":27879},{"id":27986,"depth":113,"text":28950},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":28952},[28953,28955,28957,28959],{"id":28096,"depth":113,"text":28954},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28229,"depth":113,"text":28956},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28334,"depth":113,"text":28958},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28451,"depth":113,"text":28960},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28552,"depth":106,"text":28553},{"id":9638,"depth":106,"text":9639},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":28964},[28965,28967,28968,28970,28972],{"id":28828,"depth":113,"text":28966},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28838,"depth":113,"text":28839},{"id":28852,"depth":113,"text":28969},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28860,"depth":113,"text":28971},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28877,"depth":113,"text":28973},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26701,"description":28975},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28982,"title":28906,"body":28983,"description":30923,"extension":2749,"meta":30924,"navigation":109,"path":30925,"seo":30926,"stem":30927,"__hash__":30928},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28984,"toc":30887},[28985,28990,28995,28998,29006,29016,29018,29107,29111,29160,29165,29170,29174,29190,29193,29195,29210,29212,29228,29235,29239,29245,29254,29256,29325,29329,29350,29353,29372,29375,29398,29400,29403,29518,29522,29581,29588,29592,29598,29723,29727,29777,29780,29784,29791,29793,29856,29860,29881,29884,29893,29908,29916,29923,29927,29939,29943,29954,29956,30102,30106,30165,30172,30177,30181,30187,30210,30215,30234,30238,30309,30316,30389,30398,30403,30408,30419,30422,30559,30564,30596,30601,30603,30607,30667,30670,30727,30730,30773,30775,30780,30786,30792,30795,30802,30810,30815,30818,30825,30833,30835,30884],[10,28986,13,28988,18],{"id":28987},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28989,13513],{},[20,28991,22,28992,28994],{},[15,28993,13513],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28996,28997],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[209,28999,29000,29003],{},[212,29001,29002],{},"remove an item",[212,29004,29005],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,29007,29008,29009,29011,29012,29015],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,29010,13513],{}," removes the ",[166,29013,29014],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[34,29017,37],{"id":36},[39,29019,29021],{"className":41,"code":29020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,29022,29023,29067,29083,29087,29097],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29024,29025,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29026,602],{"class":54},[48,29028,59],{"class":58},[48,29030,63],{"class":62},[48,29032,67],{"class":66},[48,29034,348],{"class":70},[48,29036,67],{"class":66},[48,29038,76],{"class":62},[48,29040,618],{"class":99},[48,29042,87],{"class":62},[48,29044,79],{"class":66},[48,29046,2059],{"class":70},[48,29048,67],{"class":66},[48,29050,76],{"class":62},[48,29052,632],{"class":99},[48,29054,87],{"class":62},[48,29056,79],{"class":66},[48,29058,2265],{"class":70},[48,29060,67],{"class":66},[48,29062,76],{"class":62},[48,29064,800],{"class":99},[48,29066,103],{"class":62},[48,29068,29069,29072,29074,29076,29078,29081],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,29070,29071],{"class":54},"item ",[48,29073,59],{"class":58},[48,29075,644],{"class":54},[48,29077,134],{"class":62},[48,29079,29080],{"class":137},"popitem",[48,29082,380],{"class":62},[48,29084,29085],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,29086,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,29088,29089,29091,29093,29095],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,29090,276],{"class":147},[48,29092,151],{"class":62},[48,29094,1967],{"class":137},[48,29096,162],{"class":62},[48,29098,29099,29101,29103,29105],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,29100,276],{"class":147},[48,29102,151],{"class":62},[48,29104,679],{"class":137},[48,29106,162],{"class":62},[20,29108,29109],{},[166,29110,168],{},[39,29112,29114],{"className":41,"code":29113,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,29115,29116,29132],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29117,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128,29130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29119,151],{"class":62},[48,29121,311],{"class":66},[48,29123,2265],{"class":70},[48,29125,311],{"class":66},[48,29127,87],{"class":62},[48,29129,800],{"class":99},[48,29131,162],{"class":62},[48,29133,29134,29136,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,29135,537],{"class":62},[48,29137,311],{"class":66},[48,29139,348],{"class":70},[48,29141,311],{"class":66},[48,29143,76],{"class":62},[48,29145,618],{"class":99},[48,29147,87],{"class":62},[48,29149,320],{"class":66},[48,29151,2059],{"class":70},[48,29153,311],{"class":66},[48,29155,76],{"class":62},[48,29157,632],{"class":99},[48,29159,103],{"class":62},[20,29161,29162,29164],{},[15,29163,13513],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[34,29166,196,29168,199],{"id":29167},"what-popitem-does",[15,29169,13513],{},[20,29171,29172,76],{},[15,29173,13513],{},[209,29175,29176,29179,29184,29187],{},[212,29177,29178],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[212,29180,29181,29182],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29183,217],{},[212,29185,29186],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[212,29188,29189],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29191,29192],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[34,29194,360],{"id":359},[39,29196,29198],{"className":41,"code":29197,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29199,29200],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29201,29202,29204,29206,29208],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29203,16333],{"class":54},[48,29205,134],{"class":62},[48,29207,29080],{"class":137},[48,29209,380],{"class":62},[20,29211,207],{},[209,29213,29214,29222,29225],{},[212,29215,29216,29218,29219],{},[15,29217,13513],{}," takes ",[166,29220,29221],{},"no arguments",[212,29223,29224],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[212,29226,29227],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29229,29230,29231,7401],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[348,29232,29233],{"href":13310},[15,29234,13506],{},[34,29236,29238],{"id":29237},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29240,29241,29242,29244],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29243,13513],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29246,29247,29248,29251],"ol",{},[212,29249,29250],{},"the key",[212,29252,29253],{},"the value",[20,29255,226],{},[39,29257,29259],{"className":41,"code":29258,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29260,29261,29297,29311,29315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29262,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29289,29291,29293,29295],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29264,55],{"class":54},[48,29266,59],{"class":58},[48,29268,63],{"class":62},[48,29270,67],{"class":66},[48,29272,71],{"class":70},[48,29274,67],{"class":66},[48,29276,76],{"class":62},[48,29278,79],{"class":66},[48,29280,417],{"class":70},[48,29282,67],{"class":66},[48,29284,87],{"class":62},[48,29286,79],{"class":66},[48,29288,92],{"class":70},[48,29290,67],{"class":66},[48,29292,76],{"class":62},[48,29294,100],{"class":99},[48,29296,103],{"class":62},[48,29298,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307,29309],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,29300,449],{"class":54},[48,29302,59],{"class":58},[48,29304,131],{"class":54},[48,29306,134],{"class":62},[48,29308,29080],{"class":137},[48,29310,380],{"class":62},[48,29312,29313],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,29314,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,29316,29317,29319,29321,29323],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,29318,276],{"class":147},[48,29320,151],{"class":62},[48,29322,474],{"class":137},[48,29324,162],{"class":62},[20,29326,29327],{},[166,29328,168],{},[39,29330,29332],{"className":41,"code":29331,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29333,29334],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29335,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346,29348],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29337,151],{"class":62},[48,29339,311],{"class":66},[48,29341,92],{"class":70},[48,29343,311],{"class":66},[48,29345,87],{"class":62},[48,29347,100],{"class":99},[48,29349,162],{"class":62},[20,29351,29352],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[39,29354,29356],{"className":41,"code":29355,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29357,29358],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29359,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29361,449],{"class":54},[48,29363,59],{"class":58},[48,29365,131],{"class":54},[48,29367,134],{"class":62},[48,29369,29080],{"class":137},[48,29371,380],{"class":62},[20,29373,29374],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[39,29376,29378],{"className":41,"code":29377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29379,29380],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29381,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29383,154],{"class":54},[48,29385,87],{"class":62},[48,29387,125],{"class":54},[48,29389,59],{"class":58},[48,29391,131],{"class":54},[48,29393,134],{"class":62},[48,29395,29080],{"class":137},[48,29397,380],{"class":62},[34,29399,12225],{"id":12224},[20,29401,29402],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[39,29404,29406],{"className":41,"code":29405,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29407,29408,29456,29460,29475,29479,29499],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29409,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29440,29442,29444,29447,29449,29451,29454],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29411,408],{"class":54},[48,29413,59],{"class":58},[48,29415,63],{"class":62},[48,29417,67],{"class":66},[48,29419,29420],{"class":70},"Tom",[48,29422,67],{"class":66},[48,29424,76],{"class":62},[48,29426,5854],{"class":99},[48,29428,87],{"class":62},[48,29430,79],{"class":66},[48,29432,82],{"class":70},[48,29434,67],{"class":66},[48,29436,76],{"class":62},[48,29438,29439],{"class":99}," 95",[48,29441,87],{"class":62},[48,29443,79],{"class":66},[48,29445,29446],{"class":70},"Leo",[48,29448,67],{"class":66},[48,29450,76],{"class":62},[48,29452,29453],{"class":99}," 88",[48,29455,103],{"class":62},[48,29457,29458],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,29459,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,29461,29462,29465,29467,29469,29471,29473],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,29463,29464],{"class":54},"removed_pair ",[48,29466,59],{"class":58},[48,29468,454],{"class":54},[48,29470,134],{"class":62},[48,29472,29080],{"class":137},[48,29474,380],{"class":62},[48,29476,29477],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,29478,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,29480,29481,29483,29485,29487,29490,29492,29494,29497],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,29482,276],{"class":147},[48,29484,151],{"class":62},[48,29486,67],{"class":66},[48,29488,29489],{"class":70},"Removed:",[48,29491,67],{"class":66},[48,29493,87],{"class":62},[48,29495,29496],{"class":137}," removed_pair",[48,29498,162],{"class":62},[48,29500,29501,29503,29505,29507,29510,29512,29514,29516],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,29502,276],{"class":147},[48,29504,151],{"class":62},[48,29506,67],{"class":66},[48,29508,29509],{"class":70},"After removal:",[48,29511,67],{"class":66},[48,29513,87],{"class":62},[48,29515,454],{"class":137},[48,29517,162],{"class":62},[20,29519,29520],{},[166,29521,168],{},[39,29523,29525],{"className":41,"code":29524,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29526,29527,29548],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29528,29529,29532,29534,29536,29538,29540,29542,29544,29546],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29530,29531],{"class":54},"Removed",[48,29533,76],{"class":62},[48,29535,330],{"class":62},[48,29537,311],{"class":66},[48,29539,29446],{"class":70},[48,29541,311],{"class":66},[48,29543,87],{"class":62},[48,29545,29453],{"class":99},[48,29547,162],{"class":62},[48,29549,29550,29553,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,29551,29552],{"class":54},"After removal",[48,29554,76],{"class":62},[48,29556,63],{"class":62},[48,29558,311],{"class":66},[48,29560,29420],{"class":70},[48,29562,311],{"class":66},[48,29564,76],{"class":62},[48,29566,5854],{"class":99},[48,29568,87],{"class":62},[48,29570,320],{"class":66},[48,29572,82],{"class":70},[48,29574,311],{"class":66},[48,29576,76],{"class":62},[48,29578,29439],{"class":99},[48,29580,103],{"class":62},[20,29582,29583,29584,29587],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29585,29586],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[34,29589,29591],{"id":29590},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29593,29594,29595,29597],{},"Because ",[15,29596,13513],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[39,29599,29601],{"className":41,"code":29600,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29602,29603,29639,29643,29662,29666,29685,29704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29604,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29606,16176],{"class":54},[48,29608,59],{"class":58},[48,29610,63],{"class":62},[48,29612,67],{"class":66},[48,29614,16187],{"class":70},[48,29616,67],{"class":66},[48,29618,76],{"class":62},[48,29620,79],{"class":66},[48,29622,16196],{"class":70},[48,29624,67],{"class":66},[48,29626,87],{"class":62},[48,29628,79],{"class":66},[48,29630,16207],{"class":70},[48,29632,67],{"class":66},[48,29634,76],{"class":62},[48,29636,27439],{"class":99},[48,29638,103],{"class":62},[48,29640,29641],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,29642,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,29644,29645,29647,29649,29651,29653,29656,29658,29660],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,29646,154],{"class":54},[48,29648,87],{"class":62},[48,29650,125],{"class":54},[48,29652,59],{"class":58},[48,29654,29655],{"class":54}," book",[48,29657,134],{"class":62},[48,29659,29080],{"class":137},[48,29661,380],{"class":62},[48,29663,29664],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,29665,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,29667,29668,29670,29672,29674,29677,29679,29681,29683],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,29669,276],{"class":147},[48,29671,151],{"class":62},[48,29673,67],{"class":66},[48,29675,29676],{"class":70},"Key:",[48,29678,67],{"class":66},[48,29680,87],{"class":62},[48,29682,120],{"class":137},[48,29684,162],{"class":62},[48,29686,29687,29689,29691,29693,29696,29698,29700,29702],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,29688,276],{"class":147},[48,29690,151],{"class":62},[48,29692,67],{"class":66},[48,29694,29695],{"class":70},"Value:",[48,29697,67],{"class":66},[48,29699,87],{"class":62},[48,29701,159],{"class":137},[48,29703,162],{"class":62},[48,29705,29706,29708,29710,29712,29715,29717,29719,29721],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,29707,276],{"class":147},[48,29709,151],{"class":62},[48,29711,67],{"class":66},[48,29713,29714],{"class":70},"Dictionary:",[48,29716,67],{"class":66},[48,29718,87],{"class":62},[48,29720,29655],{"class":137},[48,29722,162],{"class":62},[20,29724,29725],{},[166,29726,168],{},[39,29728,29730],{"className":41,"code":29729,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29731,29732,29742,29752],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29733,29734,29737,29739],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29735,29736],{"class":54},"Key",[48,29738,76],{"class":62},[48,29740,29741],{"class":54}," pages\n",[48,29743,29744,29747,29749],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,29745,29746],{"class":54},"Value",[48,29748,76],{"class":62},[48,29750,29751],{"class":99}," 200\n",[48,29753,29754,29757,29759,29761,29763,29765,29767,29769,29771,29773,29775],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,29755,29756],{"class":54},"Dictionary",[48,29758,76],{"class":62},[48,29760,63],{"class":62},[48,29762,311],{"class":66},[48,29764,16187],{"class":70},[48,29766,311],{"class":66},[48,29768,76],{"class":62},[48,29770,320],{"class":66},[48,29772,16196],{"class":70},[48,29774,311],{"class":66},[48,29776,103],{"class":62},[20,29778,29779],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[34,29781,29783],{"id":29782},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29785,29786,29787,29011,29789,134],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29788,13513],{},[166,29790,29014],{},[20,29792,226],{},[39,29794,29796],{"className":41,"code":29795,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29797,29798,29842],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29799,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808,29810,29812,29814,29816,29818,29820,29822,29824,29826,29828,29830,29832,29834,29836,29838,29840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29801,602],{"class":54},[48,29803,59],{"class":58},[48,29805,63],{"class":62},[48,29807,67],{"class":66},[48,29809,611],{"class":70},[48,29811,67],{"class":66},[48,29813,76],{"class":62},[48,29815,618],{"class":99},[48,29817,87],{"class":62},[48,29819,79],{"class":66},[48,29821,625],{"class":70},[48,29823,67],{"class":66},[48,29825,76],{"class":62},[48,29827,632],{"class":99},[48,29829,87],{"class":62},[48,29831,79],{"class":66},[48,29833,687],{"class":70},[48,29835,67],{"class":66},[48,29837,76],{"class":62},[48,29839,800],{"class":99},[48,29841,103],{"class":62},[48,29843,29844,29846,29848,29850,29852,29854],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,29845,276],{"class":147},[48,29847,151],{"class":62},[48,29849,679],{"class":137},[48,29851,134],{"class":62},[48,29853,29080],{"class":137},[48,29855,1203],{"class":62},[20,29857,29858],{},[166,29859,168],{},[39,29861,29863],{"className":41,"code":29862,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29864,29865],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29866,29867,29869,29871,29873,29875,29877,29879],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29868,151],{"class":62},[48,29870,311],{"class":66},[48,29872,687],{"class":70},[48,29874,311],{"class":66},[48,29876,87],{"class":62},[48,29878,800],{"class":99},[48,29880,162],{"class":62},[20,29882,29883],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29885,29886,29887,29889,29890,29892],{},"As a beginner, do ",[166,29888,5413],{}," think of ",[15,29891,13513],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29894,29895,29896,2973,29900,17798,29904,134],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[348,29897,29898],{"href":17801},[15,29899,17],{},[348,29901,29902],{"href":17790},[15,29903,1309],{},[348,29905,29906],{"href":17795},[15,29907,1312],{},[34,29909,29911,29912,5174,29914],{"id":29910},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29913,13513],{},[15,29915,13506],{},[20,29917,29918,5174,29920,29922],{},[15,29919,13513],{},[15,29921,13506],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1752,29924,29925],{"id":29080},[15,29926,13513],{},[209,29928,29929,29932,29935],{},[212,29930,29931],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[212,29933,29934],{},"does not need a key argument",[212,29936,4473,29937],{},[15,29938,217],{},[1752,29940,29941],{"id":26773},[15,29942,13506],{},[209,29944,29945,29948,29951],{},[212,29946,29947],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[212,29949,29950],{},"needs the key name",[212,29952,29953],{},"returns only the value",[20,29955,226],{},[39,29957,29959],{"className":41,"code":29958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29960,29961,30005,30009,30023,30043,30047,30069,30088,30092],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29962,29963,29965,29967,29969,29971,29973,29975,29977,29979,29981,29983,29985,29987,29989,29991,29993,29995,29997,29999,30001,30003],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29964,602],{"class":54},[48,29966,59],{"class":58},[48,29968,63],{"class":62},[48,29970,67],{"class":66},[48,29972,348],{"class":70},[48,29974,67],{"class":66},[48,29976,76],{"class":62},[48,29978,618],{"class":99},[48,29980,87],{"class":62},[48,29982,79],{"class":66},[48,29984,2059],{"class":70},[48,29986,67],{"class":66},[48,29988,76],{"class":62},[48,29990,632],{"class":99},[48,29992,87],{"class":62},[48,29994,79],{"class":66},[48,29996,2265],{"class":70},[48,29998,67],{"class":66},[48,30000,76],{"class":62},[48,30002,800],{"class":99},[48,30004,103],{"class":62},[48,30006,30007],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30008,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,30010,30011,30013,30015,30017,30019,30021],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,30012,29071],{"class":54},[48,30014,59],{"class":58},[48,30016,644],{"class":54},[48,30018,134],{"class":62},[48,30020,29080],{"class":137},[48,30022,380],{"class":62},[48,30024,30025,30027,30029,30031,30034,30036,30038,30041],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,30026,276],{"class":147},[48,30028,151],{"class":62},[48,30030,67],{"class":66},[48,30032,30033],{"class":70},"popitem():",[48,30035,67],{"class":66},[48,30037,87],{"class":62},[48,30039,30040],{"class":137}," item",[48,30042,162],{"class":62},[48,30044,30045],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,30046,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,30048,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,30050,3231],{"class":54},[48,30052,59],{"class":58},[48,30054,644],{"class":54},[48,30056,134],{"class":62},[48,30058,26773],{"class":137},[48,30060,151],{"class":62},[48,30062,67],{"class":66},[48,30064,348],{"class":70},[48,30066,67],{"class":66},[48,30068,162],{"class":62},[48,30070,30071,30073,30075,30077,30080,30082,30084,30086],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,30072,276],{"class":147},[48,30074,151],{"class":62},[48,30076,67],{"class":66},[48,30078,30079],{"class":70},"pop('a'):",[48,30081,67],{"class":66},[48,30083,87],{"class":62},[48,30085,159],{"class":137},[48,30087,162],{"class":62},[48,30089,30090],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,30091,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,30093,30094,30096,30098,30100],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,30095,276],{"class":147},[48,30097,151],{"class":62},[48,30099,679],{"class":137},[48,30101,162],{"class":62},[20,30103,30104],{},[166,30105,168],{},[39,30107,30109],{"className":41,"code":30108,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,30110,30111,30132,30149],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30112,30113,30115,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30114,29080],{"class":137},[48,30116,30117],{"class":62},"():",[48,30119,330],{"class":62},[48,30121,311],{"class":66},[48,30123,2265],{"class":70},[48,30125,311],{"class":66},[48,30127,87],{"class":62},[48,30129,800],{"class":99},[48,30131,162],{"class":62},[48,30133,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30135,26773],{"class":137},[48,30137,151],{"class":62},[48,30139,311],{"class":66},[48,30141,348],{"class":70},[48,30143,311],{"class":66},[48,30145,17180],{"class":62},[48,30147,30148],{"class":99}," 1\n",[48,30150,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,30152,537],{"class":62},[48,30154,311],{"class":66},[48,30156,2059],{"class":70},[48,30158,311],{"class":66},[48,30160,76],{"class":62},[48,30162,632],{"class":99},[48,30164,103],{"class":62},[20,30166,189,30167,30171],{},[348,30168,30169],{"href":13310},[15,30170,13506],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30173,189,30174,30176],{},[15,30175,13513],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[34,30178,30180],{"id":30179},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30182,30183,30184,30186],{},"Calling ",[15,30185,13513],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[39,30188,30190],{"className":41,"code":30189,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30191,30192,30200],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30193,30194,30196,30198],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30195,602],{"class":54},[48,30197,59],{"class":58},[48,30199,10593],{"class":62},[48,30201,30202,30204,30206,30208],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30203,679],{"class":54},[48,30205,134],{"class":62},[48,30207,29080],{"class":137},[48,30209,380],{"class":62},[20,30211,30212],{},[166,30213,30214],{},"Error:",[39,30216,30218],{"className":41,"code":30217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30219,30220],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30221,30222,30224,30226,30228,30231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30223,20408],{"class":281},[48,30225,76],{"class":62},[48,30227,320],{"class":66},[48,30229,30230],{"class":70},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[48,30232,30233],{"class":66},"'\n",[1752,30235,30237],{"id":30236},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[39,30239,30241],{"className":41,"code":30240,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30242,30243,30251,30255,30263,30278,30288,30294],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30244,30245,30247,30249],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30246,602],{"class":54},[48,30248,59],{"class":58},[48,30250,10593],{"class":62},[48,30252,30253],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30254,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,30256,30257,30259,30261],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,30258,7767],{"class":116},[48,30260,644],{"class":54},[48,30262,1053],{"class":62},[48,30264,30265,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,30266,30267],{"class":54},"    item ",[48,30269,59],{"class":58},[48,30271,644],{"class":54},[48,30273,134],{"class":62},[48,30275,29080],{"class":137},[48,30277,380],{"class":62},[48,30279,30280,30282,30284,30286],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,30281,148],{"class":147},[48,30283,151],{"class":62},[48,30285,1967],{"class":137},[48,30287,162],{"class":62},[48,30289,30290,30292],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,30291,27966],{"class":116},[48,30293,1053],{"class":62},[48,30295,30296,30298,30300,30302,30305,30307],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,30297,148],{"class":147},[48,30299,151],{"class":62},[48,30301,67],{"class":66},[48,30303,30304],{"class":70},"Dictionary is empty",[48,30306,67],{"class":66},[48,30308,162],{"class":62},[1752,30310,30312,30313],{"id":30311},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30314,30315],{},"try-except",[39,30317,30319],{"className":41,"code":30318,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30320,30321,30329,30333,30340,30354,30364,30374],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30322,30323,30325,30327],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30324,602],{"class":54},[48,30326,59],{"class":58},[48,30328,10593],{"class":62},[48,30330,30331],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30332,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,30334,30335,30338],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,30336,30337],{"class":116},"try",[48,30339,1053],{"class":62},[48,30341,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30352],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,30343,30267],{"class":54},[48,30345,59],{"class":58},[48,30347,644],{"class":54},[48,30349,134],{"class":62},[48,30351,29080],{"class":137},[48,30353,380],{"class":62},[48,30355,30356,30358,30360,30362],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,30357,148],{"class":147},[48,30359,151],{"class":62},[48,30361,1967],{"class":137},[48,30363,162],{"class":62},[48,30365,30366,30369,30372],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,30367,30368],{"class":116},"except",[48,30370,30371],{"class":281}," KeyError",[48,30373,1053],{"class":62},[48,30375,30376,30378,30380,30382,30385,30387],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,30377,148],{"class":147},[48,30379,151],{"class":62},[48,30381,67],{"class":66},[48,30383,30384],{"class":70},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[48,30386,67],{"class":66},[48,30388,162],{"class":62},[20,30390,30391,30392,134],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[348,30393,26211,30395],{"href":30394},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30396,30397],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[34,30399,1545,30401],{"id":30400},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30402,13513],{},[20,30404,30405,30407],{},[15,30406,13513],{}," is useful when:",[209,30409,30410,30413,30416],{},[212,30411,30412],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[212,30414,30415],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[212,30417,30418],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30420,30421],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[39,30423,30425],{"className":41,"code":30424,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30426,30427,30436,30456,30476,30494,30498,30502,30512,30531],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30428,30429,30432,30434],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30430,30431],{"class":54},"tasks ",[48,30433,59],{"class":58},[48,30435,1586],{"class":62},[48,30437,30438,30440,30443,30445,30447,30449,30452,30454],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30439,1591],{"class":66},[48,30441,30442],{"class":70},"first",[48,30444,67],{"class":66},[48,30446,76],{"class":62},[48,30448,79],{"class":66},[48,30450,30451],{"class":70},"wash dishes",[48,30453,67],{"class":66},[48,30455,1608],{"class":62},[48,30457,30458,30460,30463,30465,30467,30469,30472,30474],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,30459,1591],{"class":66},[48,30461,30462],{"class":70},"second",[48,30464,67],{"class":66},[48,30466,76],{"class":62},[48,30468,79],{"class":66},[48,30470,30471],{"class":70},"do homework",[48,30473,67],{"class":66},[48,30475,1608],{"class":62},[48,30477,30478,30480,30483,30485,30487,30489,30492],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,30479,1591],{"class":66},[48,30481,30482],{"class":70},"third",[48,30484,67],{"class":66},[48,30486,76],{"class":62},[48,30488,79],{"class":66},[48,30490,30491],{"class":70},"read book",[48,30493,4138],{"class":66},[48,30495,30496],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,30497,103],{"class":62},[48,30499,30500],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,30501,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,30503,30504,30507,30510],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,30505,30506],{"class":116},"while",[48,30508,30509],{"class":54}," tasks",[48,30511,1053],{"class":62},[48,30513,30514,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,30515,30516],{"class":54},"    key",[48,30518,87],{"class":62},[48,30520,125],{"class":54},[48,30522,59],{"class":58},[48,30524,30509],{"class":54},[48,30526,134],{"class":62},[48,30528,29080],{"class":137},[48,30530,380],{"class":62},[48,30532,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,30534,148],{"class":147},[48,30536,151],{"class":62},[48,30538,916],{"class":915},[48,30540,67],{"class":70},[48,30542,537],{"class":99},[48,30544,154],{"class":137},[48,30546,925],{"class":99},[48,30548,928],{"class":70},[48,30550,537],{"class":99},[48,30552,933],{"class":137},[48,30554,925],{"class":99},[48,30556,67],{"class":70},[48,30558,162],{"class":62},[20,30560,30561],{},[166,30562,30563],{},"Possible output:",[39,30565,30567],{"className":41,"code":30566,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30568,30569,30578,30587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30570,30571,30573,30575],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30572,30482],{"class":54},[48,30574,76],{"class":62},[48,30576,30577],{"class":54}," read book\n",[48,30579,30580,30582,30584],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30581,30462],{"class":54},[48,30583,76],{"class":62},[48,30585,30586],{"class":54}," do homework\n",[48,30588,30589,30591,30593],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,30590,30442],{"class":54},[48,30592,76],{"class":62},[48,30594,30595],{"class":54}," wash dishes\n",[20,30597,29594,30598,30600],{},[15,30599,13513],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[34,30602,1745],{"id":1744},[20,30604,15463,30605,76],{},[15,30606,13513],{},[209,30608,30609,30623,30642,30653],{},[212,30610,30611,30616],{},[166,30612,30183,30613,30615],{},[15,30614,13513],{}," on an empty dictionary",[209,30617,30618],{},[212,30619,30620,30621,134],{},"This raises ",[15,30622,20408],{},[212,30624,30625,30630],{},[166,30626,2015,30627,30629],{},[15,30628,13513],{}," to remove a specific key",[209,30631,30632,30635],{},[212,30633,30634],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[212,30636,189,30637,30641],{},[348,30638,30639],{"href":13310},[15,30640,13506],{}," if you need that.",[212,30643,30644,30648],{},[166,30645,5486,30646,28232],{},[15,30647,13513],{},[209,30649,30650],{},[212,30651,30652],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[212,30654,30655,30658],{},[166,30656,30657],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[209,30659,30660],{},[212,30661,30662,573,30664,30666],{},[15,30663,13513],{},[15,30665,217],{}," tuple.",[20,30668,30669],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[39,30671,30673],{"className":41,"code":30672,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30674,30675,30685,30699,30703,30717],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30676,30677,30679,30681,30683],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30678,276],{"class":147},[48,30680,151],{"class":62},[48,30682,373],{"class":137},[48,30684,162],{"class":62},[48,30686,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30688,276],{"class":147},[48,30690,151],{"class":62},[48,30692,11914],{"class":147},[48,30694,151],{"class":62},[48,30696,373],{"class":137},[48,30698,670],{"class":62},[48,30700,30701],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,30702,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,30704,30705,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,30706,29071],{"class":54},[48,30708,59],{"class":58},[48,30710,2646],{"class":54},[48,30712,134],{"class":62},[48,30714,29080],{"class":137},[48,30716,380],{"class":62},[48,30718,30719,30721,30723,30725],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,30720,276],{"class":147},[48,30722,151],{"class":62},[48,30724,1967],{"class":137},[48,30726,162],{"class":62},[20,30728,30729],{},"Or with unpacking:",[39,30731,30733],{"className":41,"code":30732,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30734,30735,30753,30763],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30736,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30738,154],{"class":54},[48,30740,87],{"class":62},[48,30742,125],{"class":54},[48,30744,59],{"class":58},[48,30746,2646],{"class":54},[48,30748,134],{"class":62},[48,30750,29080],{"class":137},[48,30752,380],{"class":62},[48,30754,30755,30757,30759,30761],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30756,276],{"class":147},[48,30758,151],{"class":62},[48,30760,154],{"class":137},[48,30762,162],{"class":62},[48,30764,30765,30767,30769,30771],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,30766,276],{"class":147},[48,30768,151],{"class":62},[48,30770,933],{"class":137},[48,30772,162],{"class":62},[34,30774,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,30776,5920,30778,2596],{"id":30777},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30779,13513],{},[20,30781,30782,30783,134],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30784,30785],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1752,30787,2606,30789,30791],{"id":30788},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30790,13513],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30793,30794],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1752,30796,30798,30799,30801],{"id":30797},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30800,13513],{}," removes?",[20,30803,30804,30805,30809],{},"No. Use ",[348,30806,30807],{"href":13310},[15,30808,13506],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1752,30811,2606,30813,15625],{"id":30812},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30814,13513],{},[20,30816,30817],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1752,30819,30821,30822,30824],{"id":30820},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30823,13513],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30826,30827,30828,30830,30831,134],{},"It raises ",[15,30829,20408],{}," with the message ",[15,30832,30230],{},[34,30834,2679],{"id":2678},[209,30836,30837,30844,30850,30856,30862,30869,30873,30877],{},[212,30838,30839],{},[348,30840,30841,30843],{"href":13310},[15,30842,13506],{}," method for dictionaries",[212,30845,30846],{},[348,30847,30848,30843],{"href":17801},[15,30849,17],{},[212,30851,30852],{},[348,30853,30854,30843],{"href":17790},[15,30855,1309],{},[212,30857,30858],{},[348,30859,30860,30843],{"href":17795},[15,30861,1312],{},[212,30863,30864],{},[348,30865,30867,30843],{"href":30866},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30868,12073],{},[212,30870,30871],{},[348,30872,13530],{"href":13317},[212,30874,30875],{},[348,30876,22175],{"href":17325},[212,30878,30879],{},[348,30880,30881,30882],{"href":30394},"Fix ",[15,30883,30397],{},[2711,30885,30886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":30888},[30889,30890,30892,30893,30894,30895,30896,30897,30902,30907,30909,30910,30922],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":29167,"depth":106,"text":30891},"What popitem() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":29237,"depth":106,"text":29238},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":29590,"depth":106,"text":29591},{"id":29782,"depth":106,"text":29783},{"id":29910,"depth":106,"text":30898,"children":30899},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30900,30901],{"id":29080,"depth":113,"text":13513},{"id":26773,"depth":113,"text":13506},{"id":30179,"depth":106,"text":30180,"children":30903},[30904,30905],{"id":30236,"depth":113,"text":30237},{"id":30311,"depth":113,"text":30906},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30400,"depth":106,"text":30908},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":30911},[30912,30914,30916,30918,30920],{"id":30777,"depth":113,"text":30913},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30788,"depth":113,"text":30915},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30797,"depth":113,"text":30917},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30812,"depth":113,"text":30919},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30820,"depth":113,"text":30921},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28906,"description":30923},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30930,"title":30931,"body":30932,"description":32835,"extension":2749,"meta":32836,"navigation":109,"path":14763,"seo":32837,"stem":32838,"__hash__":32839},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30933,"toc":32807},[30934,30939,30944,30947,30949,31046,31051,31056,31061,31064,31072,31075,31090,31092,31192,31194,31251,31255,31257,31260,31280,31285,31296,31299,31326,31329,31331,31388,31390,31411,31417,31422,31425,31436,31438,31546,31548,31601,31603,31615,31622,31628,31633,31636,31724,31726,31771,31774,31782,31785,31788,31857,31860,31863,31867,31870,31941,31943,31996,31999,32002,32005,32020,32023,32035,32038,32101,32103,32109,32111,32113,32192,32194,32235,32237,32302,32304,32341,32346,32351,32355,32369,32372,32495,32497,32582,32587,32589,32593,32615,32618,32698,32701,32720,32725,32727,32733,32738,32744,32747,32753,32756,32762,32767,32773,32779,32781,32804],[10,30935,13,30937,18],{"id":30936},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30938,15683],{},[20,30940,22,30941,30943],{},[15,30942,15683],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30945,30946],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[34,30948,37],{"id":36},[39,30950,30952],{"className":41,"code":30951,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30953,30954,30990,31031,31041],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30955,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30957,55],{"class":54},[48,30959,59],{"class":58},[48,30961,63],{"class":62},[48,30963,67],{"class":66},[48,30965,71],{"class":70},[48,30967,67],{"class":66},[48,30969,76],{"class":62},[48,30971,79],{"class":66},[48,30973,82],{"class":70},[48,30975,67],{"class":66},[48,30977,87],{"class":62},[48,30979,79],{"class":66},[48,30981,92],{"class":70},[48,30983,67],{"class":66},[48,30985,76],{"class":62},[48,30987,2506],{"class":99},[48,30989,103],{"class":62},[48,30991,30992,30994,30996,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,30993,287],{"class":54},[48,30995,134],{"class":62},[48,30997,30998],{"class":137},"update",[48,31000,6306],{"class":62},[48,31002,67],{"class":66},[48,31004,92],{"class":70},[48,31006,67],{"class":66},[48,31008,76],{"class":62},[48,31010,31011],{"class":99}," 21",[48,31013,87],{"class":62},[48,31015,79],{"class":66},[48,31017,11164],{"class":70},[48,31019,67],{"class":66},[48,31021,76],{"class":62},[48,31023,79],{"class":66},[48,31025,16760],{"class":70},[48,31027,67],{"class":66},[48,31029,31030],{"class":62},"})\n",[48,31032,31033,31035,31037,31039],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,31034,276],{"class":147},[48,31036,151],{"class":62},[48,31038,287],{"class":137},[48,31040,162],{"class":62},[48,31042,31043],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,31044,31045],{"class":4445},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,31047,189,31048,31050],{},[15,31049,15683],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[34,31052,196,31054,199],{"id":31053},"what-update-does",[15,31055,15683],{},[20,31057,31058,31060],{},[15,31059,15683],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,31062,31063],{},"It can do two main things:",[209,31065,31066,31069],{},[212,31067,31068],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[212,31070,31071],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,31073,31074],{},"Important things to know:",[209,31076,31077,31080,31083,31087],{},[212,31078,31079],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[212,31081,31082],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[212,31084,5925,31085],{},[15,31086,4560],{},[212,31088,31089],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,31091,226],{},[39,31093,31095],{"className":41,"code":31094,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,31096,31097,31139,31182],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31098,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31135,31137],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31100,829],{"class":54},[48,31102,59],{"class":58},[48,31104,63],{"class":62},[48,31106,67],{"class":66},[48,31108,71],{"class":70},[48,31110,67],{"class":66},[48,31112,76],{"class":62},[48,31114,79],{"class":66},[48,31116,31117],{"class":70},"Mira",[48,31119,67],{"class":66},[48,31121,87],{"class":62},[48,31123,79],{"class":66},[48,31125,855],{"class":70},[48,31127,67],{"class":66},[48,31129,76],{"class":62},[48,31131,79],{"class":66},[48,31133,31134],{"class":70},"B",[48,31136,67],{"class":66},[48,31138,103],{"class":62},[48,31140,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31178,31180],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,31142,1076],{"class":54},[48,31144,134],{"class":62},[48,31146,30998],{"class":137},[48,31148,6306],{"class":62},[48,31150,67],{"class":66},[48,31152,855],{"class":70},[48,31154,67],{"class":66},[48,31156,76],{"class":62},[48,31158,79],{"class":66},[48,31160,864],{"class":70},[48,31162,67],{"class":66},[48,31164,87],{"class":62},[48,31166,79],{"class":66},[48,31168,11164],{"class":70},[48,31170,67],{"class":66},[48,31172,76],{"class":62},[48,31174,79],{"class":66},[48,31176,31177],{"class":70},"Quito",[48,31179,67],{"class":66},[48,31181,31030],{"class":62},[48,31183,31184,31186,31188,31190],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,31185,276],{"class":147},[48,31187,151],{"class":62},[48,31189,1076],{"class":137},[48,31191,162],{"class":62},[20,31193,168],{},[39,31195,31197],{"className":41,"code":31196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31198,31199],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31200,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31202,537],{"class":62},[48,31204,311],{"class":66},[48,31206,71],{"class":70},[48,31208,311],{"class":66},[48,31210,76],{"class":62},[48,31212,320],{"class":66},[48,31214,31117],{"class":70},[48,31216,311],{"class":66},[48,31218,87],{"class":62},[48,31220,320],{"class":66},[48,31222,855],{"class":70},[48,31224,311],{"class":66},[48,31226,76],{"class":62},[48,31228,320],{"class":66},[48,31230,864],{"class":70},[48,31232,311],{"class":66},[48,31234,87],{"class":62},[48,31236,320],{"class":66},[48,31238,11164],{"class":70},[48,31240,311],{"class":66},[48,31242,76],{"class":62},[48,31244,320],{"class":66},[48,31246,31177],{"class":70},[48,31248,311],{"class":66},[48,31250,103],{"class":62},[20,31252,9919,31253,134],{},[348,31254,25159],{"href":10147},[34,31256,360],{"id":359},[20,31258,31259],{},"The basic form is:",[39,31261,31263],{"className":41,"code":31262,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31264,31265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31266,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31278],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31268,16333],{"class":54},[48,31270,134],{"class":62},[48,31272,30998],{"class":137},[48,31274,151],{"class":62},[48,31276,31277],{"class":137},"other",[48,31279,162],{"class":62},[20,31281,31282,31284],{},[15,31283,31277],{}," can be:",[209,31286,31287,31290,31293],{},[212,31288,31289],{},"Another dictionary",[212,31291,31292],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[212,31294,31295],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31297,31298],{},"You can also use:",[39,31300,31302],{"className":41,"code":31301,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31303,31304],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31305,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31307,16333],{"class":54},[48,31309,134],{"class":62},[48,31311,30998],{"class":137},[48,31313,151],{"class":62},[48,31315,71],{"class":9941},[48,31317,59],{"class":58},[48,31319,67],{"class":66},[48,31321,8446],{"class":70},[48,31323,67],{"class":66},[48,31325,162],{"class":62},[20,31327,31328],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31330,226],{},[39,31332,31334],{"className":41,"code":31333,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31335,31336,31356,31378],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31337,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31339,602],{"class":54},[48,31341,59],{"class":58},[48,31343,63],{"class":62},[48,31345,67],{"class":66},[48,31347,348],{"class":70},[48,31349,67],{"class":66},[48,31351,76],{"class":62},[48,31353,618],{"class":99},[48,31355,103],{"class":62},[48,31357,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,31359,679],{"class":54},[48,31361,134],{"class":62},[48,31363,30998],{"class":137},[48,31365,6306],{"class":62},[48,31367,67],{"class":66},[48,31369,348],{"class":70},[48,31371,67],{"class":66},[48,31373,76],{"class":62},[48,31375,2493],{"class":99},[48,31377,31030],{"class":62},[48,31379,31380,31382,31384,31386],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,31381,276],{"class":147},[48,31383,151],{"class":62},[48,31385,679],{"class":137},[48,31387,162],{"class":62},[20,31389,168],{},[39,31391,31393],{"className":41,"code":31392,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31394,31395],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31396,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31398,537],{"class":62},[48,31400,311],{"class":66},[48,31402,348],{"class":70},[48,31404,311],{"class":66},[48,31406,76],{"class":62},[48,31408,2493],{"class":99},[48,31410,103],{"class":62},[34,31412,9185,31414,31416],{"id":31413},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31415,15683],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31418,31419,31420,134],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31421,15683],{},[20,31423,31424],{},"It is useful when:",[209,31426,31427,31430,31433],{},[212,31428,31429],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[212,31431,31432],{},"Adding extra settings",[212,31434,31435],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31437,226],{},[39,31439,31441],{"className":41,"code":31440,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31442,31443,31480,31517,31521,31536],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31444,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475,31478],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31446,1581],{"class":54},[48,31448,59],{"class":58},[48,31450,63],{"class":62},[48,31452,67],{"class":66},[48,31454,1594],{"class":70},[48,31456,67],{"class":66},[48,31458,76],{"class":62},[48,31460,79],{"class":66},[48,31462,21645],{"class":70},[48,31464,67],{"class":66},[48,31466,87],{"class":62},[48,31468,79],{"class":66},[48,31470,14583],{"class":70},[48,31472,67],{"class":66},[48,31474,76],{"class":62},[48,31476,31477],{"class":99}," 12",[48,31479,103],{"class":62},[48,31481,31482,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,31483,31484],{"class":54},"new_settings ",[48,31486,59],{"class":58},[48,31488,63],{"class":62},[48,31490,67],{"class":66},[48,31492,14583],{"class":70},[48,31494,67],{"class":66},[48,31496,76],{"class":62},[48,31498,879],{"class":99},[48,31500,87],{"class":62},[48,31502,79],{"class":66},[48,31504,1615],{"class":70},[48,31506,67],{"class":66},[48,31508,76],{"class":62},[48,31510,79],{"class":66},[48,31512,20875],{"class":70},[48,31514,67],{"class":66},[48,31516,103],{"class":62},[48,31518,31519],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,31520,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,31522,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31534],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,31524,14615],{"class":54},[48,31526,134],{"class":62},[48,31528,30998],{"class":137},[48,31530,151],{"class":62},[48,31532,31533],{"class":137},"new_settings",[48,31535,162],{"class":62},[48,31537,31538,31540,31542,31544],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,31539,276],{"class":147},[48,31541,151],{"class":62},[48,31543,14615],{"class":137},[48,31545,162],{"class":62},[20,31547,168],{},[39,31549,31551],{"className":41,"code":31550,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31552,31553],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31554,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31556,537],{"class":62},[48,31558,311],{"class":66},[48,31560,1594],{"class":70},[48,31562,311],{"class":66},[48,31564,76],{"class":62},[48,31566,320],{"class":66},[48,31568,21645],{"class":70},[48,31570,311],{"class":66},[48,31572,87],{"class":62},[48,31574,320],{"class":66},[48,31576,14583],{"class":70},[48,31578,311],{"class":66},[48,31580,76],{"class":62},[48,31582,879],{"class":99},[48,31584,87],{"class":62},[48,31586,320],{"class":66},[48,31588,1615],{"class":70},[48,31590,311],{"class":66},[48,31592,76],{"class":62},[48,31594,320],{"class":66},[48,31596,20875],{"class":70},[48,31598,311],{"class":66},[48,31600,103],{"class":62},[20,31602,14144],{},[209,31604,31605,31610],{},[212,31606,31607,31609],{},[15,31608,14583],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[212,31611,31612,31614],{},[15,31613,1615],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31616,31617,31618,134],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[348,31619,31621],{"href":31620},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[34,31623,9185,31625,31627],{"id":31624},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31626,15683],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31629,31630,31632],{},[15,31631,15683],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31634,31635],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[39,31637,31639],{"className":41,"code":31638,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31640,31641,31661,31696,31700,31714],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31642,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31644,408],{"class":54},[48,31646,59],{"class":58},[48,31648,63],{"class":62},[48,31650,67],{"class":66},[48,31652,19139],{"class":70},[48,31654,67],{"class":66},[48,31656,76],{"class":62},[48,31658,424],{"class":99},[48,31660,103],{"class":62},[48,31662,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31688,31690,31692,31694],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,31664,639],{"class":54},[48,31666,59],{"class":58},[48,31668,9984],{"class":62},[48,31670,67],{"class":66},[48,31672,19148],{"class":70},[48,31674,67],{"class":66},[48,31676,87],{"class":62},[48,31678,438],{"class":99},[48,31680,327],{"class":62},[48,31682,330],{"class":62},[48,31684,67],{"class":66},[48,31686,31687],{"class":70},"english",[48,31689,67],{"class":66},[48,31691,87],{"class":62},[48,31693,29453],{"class":99},[48,31695,343],{"class":62},[48,31697,31698],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,31699,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,31701,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,31703,486],{"class":54},[48,31705,134],{"class":62},[48,31707,30998],{"class":137},[48,31709,151],{"class":62},[48,31711,667],{"class":137},[48,31713,162],{"class":62},[48,31715,31716,31718,31720,31722],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,31717,276],{"class":147},[48,31719,151],{"class":62},[48,31721,486],{"class":137},[48,31723,162],{"class":62},[20,31725,168],{},[39,31727,31729],{"className":41,"code":31728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31730,31731],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31732,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31734,537],{"class":62},[48,31736,311],{"class":66},[48,31738,19139],{"class":70},[48,31740,311],{"class":66},[48,31742,76],{"class":62},[48,31744,424],{"class":99},[48,31746,87],{"class":62},[48,31748,320],{"class":66},[48,31750,19148],{"class":70},[48,31752,311],{"class":66},[48,31754,76],{"class":62},[48,31756,438],{"class":99},[48,31758,87],{"class":62},[48,31760,320],{"class":66},[48,31762,31687],{"class":70},[48,31764,311],{"class":66},[48,31766,76],{"class":62},[48,31768,29453],{"class":99},[48,31770,103],{"class":62},[20,31772,31773],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[209,31775,31776,31779],{},[212,31777,31778],{},"The key",[212,31780,31781],{},"The value",[20,31783,31784],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31786,31787],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[39,31789,31791],{"className":41,"code":31790,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31792,31793,31813,31838,31842],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31794,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31796,602],{"class":54},[48,31798,59],{"class":58},[48,31800,63],{"class":62},[48,31802,67],{"class":66},[48,31804,348],{"class":70},[48,31806,67],{"class":66},[48,31808,76],{"class":62},[48,31810,618],{"class":99},[48,31812,103],{"class":62},[48,31814,31815,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,31816,31817],{"class":54},"bad_pairs ",[48,31819,59],{"class":58},[48,31821,9984],{"class":62},[48,31823,67],{"class":66},[48,31825,2059],{"class":70},[48,31827,67],{"class":66},[48,31829,87],{"class":62},[48,31831,632],{"class":99},[48,31833,87],{"class":62},[48,31835,800],{"class":99},[48,31837,343],{"class":62},[48,31839,31840],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,31841,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,31843,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31855],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,31845,679],{"class":54},[48,31847,134],{"class":62},[48,31849,30998],{"class":137},[48,31851,151],{"class":62},[48,31853,31854],{"class":137},"bad_pairs",[48,31856,162],{"class":62},[20,31858,31859],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31861,31862],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[34,31864,31866],{"id":31865},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31868,31869],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[39,31871,31873],{"className":41,"code":31872,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31874,31875,31899,31931],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31876,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31878,12238],{"class":54},[48,31880,59],{"class":58},[48,31882,63],{"class":62},[48,31884,67],{"class":66},[48,31886,71],{"class":70},[48,31888,67],{"class":66},[48,31890,76],{"class":62},[48,31892,79],{"class":66},[48,31894,29446],{"class":70},[48,31896,67],{"class":66},[48,31898,103],{"class":62},[48,31900,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31920,31922,31924,31927,31929],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,31902,12329],{"class":54},[48,31904,134],{"class":62},[48,31906,30998],{"class":137},[48,31908,151],{"class":62},[48,31910,92],{"class":9941},[48,31912,59],{"class":58},[48,31914,9959],{"class":99},[48,31916,87],{"class":62},[48,31918,31919],{"class":9941}," city",[48,31921,59],{"class":58},[48,31923,67],{"class":66},[48,31925,31926],{"class":70},"Madrid",[48,31928,67],{"class":66},[48,31930,162],{"class":62},[48,31932,31933,31935,31937,31939],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,31934,276],{"class":147},[48,31936,151],{"class":62},[48,31938,12329],{"class":137},[48,31940,162],{"class":62},[20,31942,168],{},[39,31944,31946],{"className":41,"code":31945,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31947,31948],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31949,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31951,537],{"class":62},[48,31953,311],{"class":66},[48,31955,71],{"class":70},[48,31957,311],{"class":66},[48,31959,76],{"class":62},[48,31961,320],{"class":66},[48,31963,29446],{"class":70},[48,31965,311],{"class":66},[48,31967,87],{"class":62},[48,31969,320],{"class":66},[48,31971,92],{"class":70},[48,31973,311],{"class":66},[48,31975,76],{"class":62},[48,31977,100],{"class":99},[48,31979,87],{"class":62},[48,31981,320],{"class":66},[48,31983,11164],{"class":70},[48,31985,311],{"class":66},[48,31987,76],{"class":62},[48,31989,320],{"class":66},[48,31991,31926],{"class":70},[48,31993,311],{"class":66},[48,31995,103],{"class":62},[20,31997,31998],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,32000,32001],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,32003,32004],{},"These work:",[209,32006,32007,32011,32015],{},[212,32008,32009],{},[15,32010,92],{},[212,32012,32013],{},[15,32014,11164],{},[212,32016,32017],{},[15,32018,32019],{},"first_name",[20,32021,32022],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[209,32024,32025,32030],{},[212,32026,32027],{},[15,32028,32029],{},"\"first name\"",[212,32031,32032],{},[15,32033,32034],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,32036,32037],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[39,32039,32041],{"className":41,"code":32040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,32042,32043,32051,32091],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32044,32045,32047,32049],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32046,12238],{"class":54},[48,32048,59],{"class":58},[48,32050,10593],{"class":62},[48,32052,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32082,32084,32086,32089],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32054,12329],{"class":54},[48,32056,134],{"class":62},[48,32058,30998],{"class":137},[48,32060,6306],{"class":62},[48,32062,67],{"class":66},[48,32064,11267],{"class":70},[48,32066,67],{"class":66},[48,32068,76],{"class":62},[48,32070,79],{"class":66},[48,32072,29446],{"class":70},[48,32074,67],{"class":66},[48,32076,87],{"class":62},[48,32078,79],{"class":66},[48,32080,32081],{"class":70},"user-id",[48,32083,67],{"class":66},[48,32085,76],{"class":62},[48,32087,32088],{"class":99}," 1001",[48,32090,31030],{"class":62},[48,32092,32093,32095,32097,32099],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,32094,276],{"class":147},[48,32096,151],{"class":62},[48,32098,12329],{"class":137},[48,32100,162],{"class":62},[34,32102,18143],{"id":18142},[20,32104,32105,3181,32107,134],{},[15,32106,15683],{},[15,32108,4560],{},[20,32110,14779],{},[20,32112,25239],{},[39,32114,32116],{"className":41,"code":32115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,32117,32118,32142,32168,32172,32182],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32119,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32121,55],{"class":54},[48,32123,59],{"class":58},[48,32125,63],{"class":62},[48,32127,67],{"class":66},[48,32129,71],{"class":70},[48,32131,67],{"class":66},[48,32133,76],{"class":62},[48,32135,79],{"class":66},[48,32137,82],{"class":70},[48,32139,67],{"class":66},[48,32141,103],{"class":62},[48,32143,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32145,449],{"class":54},[48,32147,59],{"class":58},[48,32149,131],{"class":54},[48,32151,134],{"class":62},[48,32153,30998],{"class":137},[48,32155,6306],{"class":62},[48,32157,67],{"class":66},[48,32159,92],{"class":70},[48,32161,67],{"class":66},[48,32163,76],{"class":62},[48,32165,2506],{"class":99},[48,32167,31030],{"class":62},[48,32169,32170],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,32171,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,32173,32174,32176,32178,32180],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,32175,276],{"class":147},[48,32177,151],{"class":62},[48,32179,474],{"class":137},[48,32181,162],{"class":62},[48,32183,32184,32186,32188,32190],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,32185,276],{"class":147},[48,32187,151],{"class":62},[48,32189,287],{"class":137},[48,32191,162],{"class":62},[20,32193,168],{},[39,32195,32197],{"className":41,"code":32196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32198,32199,32203],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32200,32201],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32202,12553],{"class":1642},[48,32204,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32206,537],{"class":62},[48,32208,311],{"class":66},[48,32210,71],{"class":70},[48,32212,311],{"class":66},[48,32214,76],{"class":62},[48,32216,320],{"class":66},[48,32218,82],{"class":70},[48,32220,311],{"class":66},[48,32222,87],{"class":62},[48,32224,320],{"class":66},[48,32226,92],{"class":70},[48,32228,311],{"class":66},[48,32230,76],{"class":62},[48,32232,2506],{"class":99},[48,32234,103],{"class":62},[20,32236,17384],{},[39,32238,32240],{"className":41,"code":32239,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32241,32242,32266,32288,32292],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32243,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32245,55],{"class":54},[48,32247,59],{"class":58},[48,32249,63],{"class":62},[48,32251,67],{"class":66},[48,32253,71],{"class":70},[48,32255,67],{"class":66},[48,32257,76],{"class":62},[48,32259,79],{"class":66},[48,32261,82],{"class":70},[48,32263,67],{"class":66},[48,32265,103],{"class":62},[48,32267,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32269,287],{"class":54},[48,32271,134],{"class":62},[48,32273,30998],{"class":137},[48,32275,6306],{"class":62},[48,32277,67],{"class":66},[48,32279,92],{"class":70},[48,32281,67],{"class":66},[48,32283,76],{"class":62},[48,32285,2506],{"class":99},[48,32287,31030],{"class":62},[48,32289,32290],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,32291,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,32293,32294,32296,32298,32300],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,32295,276],{"class":147},[48,32297,151],{"class":62},[48,32299,287],{"class":137},[48,32301,162],{"class":62},[20,32303,168],{},[39,32305,32307],{"className":41,"code":32306,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32308,32309],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32310,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32312,537],{"class":62},[48,32314,311],{"class":66},[48,32316,71],{"class":70},[48,32318,311],{"class":66},[48,32320,76],{"class":62},[48,32322,320],{"class":66},[48,32324,82],{"class":70},[48,32326,311],{"class":66},[48,32328,87],{"class":62},[48,32330,320],{"class":66},[48,32332,92],{"class":70},[48,32334,311],{"class":66},[48,32336,76],{"class":62},[48,32338,2506],{"class":99},[48,32340,103],{"class":62},[20,32342,32343,32344,134],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[348,32345,18627],{"href":11484},[34,32347,1545,32349],{"id":32348},"when-to-use-update",[15,32350,15683],{},[20,32352,189,32353,11355],{},[15,32354,15683],{},[209,32356,32357,32360,32363,32366],{},[212,32358,32359],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[212,32361,32362],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[212,32364,32365],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[212,32367,32368],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32370,32371],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[39,32373,32375],{"className":41,"code":32374,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32376,32377,32413,32428,32432,32471,32475,32485],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32378,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32380,12831],{"class":54},[48,32382,59],{"class":58},[48,32384,63],{"class":62},[48,32386,67],{"class":66},[48,32388,71],{"class":70},[48,32390,67],{"class":66},[48,32392,76],{"class":62},[48,32394,79],{"class":66},[48,32396,82],{"class":70},[48,32398,67],{"class":66},[48,32400,87],{"class":62},[48,32402,79],{"class":66},[48,32404,92],{"class":70},[48,32406,67],{"class":66},[48,32408,76],{"class":62},[48,32410,2506],{"class":99},[48,32412,103],{"class":62},[48,32414,32415,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32416,32417],{"class":54},"updated ",[48,32419,59],{"class":58},[48,32421,12906],{"class":54},[48,32423,134],{"class":62},[48,32425,13652],{"class":137},[48,32427,380],{"class":62},[48,32429,32430],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,32431,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,32433,32434,32437,32439,32441,32443,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,32435,32436],{"class":54},"updated",[48,32438,134],{"class":62},[48,32440,30998],{"class":137},[48,32442,6306],{"class":62},[48,32444,67],{"class":66},[48,32446,92],{"class":70},[48,32448,67],{"class":66},[48,32450,76],{"class":62},[48,32452,31011],{"class":99},[48,32454,87],{"class":62},[48,32456,79],{"class":66},[48,32458,11164],{"class":70},[48,32460,67],{"class":66},[48,32462,76],{"class":62},[48,32464,79],{"class":66},[48,32466,16760],{"class":70},[48,32468,67],{"class":66},[48,32470,31030],{"class":62},[48,32472,32473],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,32474,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,32476,32477,32479,32481,32483],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,32478,276],{"class":147},[48,32480,151],{"class":62},[48,32482,12878],{"class":137},[48,32484,162],{"class":62},[48,32486,32487,32489,32491,32493],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,32488,276],{"class":147},[48,32490,151],{"class":62},[48,32492,32436],{"class":137},[48,32494,162],{"class":62},[20,32496,168],{},[39,32498,32500],{"className":41,"code":32499,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32501,32502,32534],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32503,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32505,537],{"class":62},[48,32507,311],{"class":66},[48,32509,71],{"class":70},[48,32511,311],{"class":66},[48,32513,76],{"class":62},[48,32515,320],{"class":66},[48,32517,82],{"class":70},[48,32519,311],{"class":66},[48,32521,87],{"class":62},[48,32523,320],{"class":66},[48,32525,92],{"class":70},[48,32527,311],{"class":66},[48,32529,76],{"class":62},[48,32531,2506],{"class":99},[48,32533,103],{"class":62},[48,32535,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32537,537],{"class":62},[48,32539,311],{"class":66},[48,32541,71],{"class":70},[48,32543,311],{"class":66},[48,32545,76],{"class":62},[48,32547,320],{"class":66},[48,32549,82],{"class":70},[48,32551,311],{"class":66},[48,32553,87],{"class":62},[48,32555,320],{"class":66},[48,32557,92],{"class":70},[48,32559,311],{"class":66},[48,32561,76],{"class":62},[48,32563,31011],{"class":99},[48,32565,87],{"class":62},[48,32567,320],{"class":66},[48,32569,11164],{"class":70},[48,32571,311],{"class":66},[48,32573,76],{"class":62},[48,32575,320],{"class":66},[48,32577,16760],{"class":70},[48,32579,311],{"class":66},[48,32581,103],{"class":62},[20,32583,32584,32585,134],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[348,32586,17326],{"href":17325},[34,32588,1745],{"id":1744},[20,32590,11499,32591,76],{},[15,32592,15683],{},[209,32594,32595,32602,32606,32609,32612],{},[212,32596,13338,32597,32599,32600],{},[15,32598,15683],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32601,4560],{},[212,32603,2015,32604,13346],{},[15,32605,15683],{},[212,32607,32608],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[212,32610,32611],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[212,32613,32614],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32616,32617],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[39,32619,32621],{"className":41,"code":32620,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32622,32623,32633,32647,32661,32683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32624,32625,32627,32629,32631],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32626,276],{"class":147},[48,32628,151],{"class":62},[48,32630,373],{"class":137},[48,32632,162],{"class":62},[48,32634,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32636,276],{"class":147},[48,32638,151],{"class":62},[48,32640,2094],{"class":281},[48,32642,151],{"class":62},[48,32644,679],{"class":137},[48,32646,670],{"class":62},[48,32648,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657,32659],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,32650,276],{"class":147},[48,32652,151],{"class":62},[48,32654,282],{"class":281},[48,32656,151],{"class":62},[48,32658,679],{"class":137},[48,32660,670],{"class":62},[48,32662,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,32664,276],{"class":147},[48,32666,151],{"class":62},[48,32668,373],{"class":137},[48,32670,134],{"class":62},[48,32672,20471],{"class":137},[48,32674,151],{"class":62},[48,32676,311],{"class":66},[48,32678,154],{"class":70},[48,32680,311],{"class":66},[48,32682,670],{"class":62},[48,32684,32685,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,32686,32687],{"class":147},"help",[48,32689,151],{"class":62},[48,32691,9588],{"class":281},[48,32693,134],{"class":62},[48,32695,30998],{"class":25281},[48,32697,162],{"class":62},[20,32699,32700],{},"These can help you check:",[209,32702,32703,32706,32711,32714,32717],{},[212,32704,32705],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[212,32707,32708,32709],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32710,15683],{},[212,32712,32713],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[212,32715,32716],{},"Whether a key exists",[212,32718,32719],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32721,32722,32723,134],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[348,32724,12015],{"href":11826},[34,32726,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,32728,2606,32730,32732],{"id":32729},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32731,15683],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32734,32735,32736,134],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32737,4560],{},[1752,32739,2606,32741,32743],{"id":32740},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32742,15683],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32745,32746],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1752,32748,5947,32750,32752],{"id":32749},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32751,15683],{}," add new keys?",[20,32754,32755],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1752,32757,28861,32759,32761],{"id":32758},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32760,15683],{}," with a list?",[20,32763,32764,32765,134],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32766,11847],{},[1752,32768,5957,32770,32772],{"id":32769},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32771,15683],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32774,32775,32776,32778],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32777,15683],{}," can change many keys at once.",[34,32780,2679],{"id":2678},[209,32782,32783,32787,32791,32796,32800],{},[212,32784,32785],{},[348,32786,26627],{"href":10147},[212,32788,32789],{},[348,32790,12004],{"href":11484},[212,32792,32793],{},[348,32794,32795],{"href":31620},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[212,32797,32798],{},[348,32799,22175],{"href":17325},[212,32801,32802],{},[348,32803,12015],{"href":11826},[2711,32805,32806],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":32808},[32809,32810,32812,32813,32815,32817,32818,32819,32821,32822,32834],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":31053,"depth":106,"text":32811},"What update() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":31413,"depth":106,"text":32814},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31624,"depth":106,"text":32816},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31865,"depth":106,"text":31866},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":32348,"depth":106,"text":32820},"When to use update()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":32823},[32824,32826,32828,32830,32832],{"id":32729,"depth":113,"text":32825},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32740,"depth":113,"text":32827},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32749,"depth":113,"text":32829},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32758,"depth":113,"text":32831},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32769,"depth":113,"text":32833},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30931,"description":32835},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32841,"title":32842,"body":32843,"description":34832,"extension":2749,"meta":34833,"navigation":109,"path":1534,"seo":34834,"stem":34835,"__hash__":34836},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32844,"toc":34795},[32845,32850,32857,32860,32862,32961,32963,33018,33023,33028,33042,33047,33049,33064,33066,33080,33093,33098,33104,33111,33113,33220,33222,33271,33277,33352,33354,33375,33377,33380,33485,33487,33542,33544,33572,33576,33581,33660,33662,33682,33684,33695,33705,33709,33714,33818,33820,33845,33848,33859,33864,33873,33876,33893,33895,33982,33984,34047,34049,34072,34074,34079,34085,34090,34092,34131,34137,34140,34159,34170,34176,34179,34252,34254,34273,34278,34281,34304,34310,34313,34377,34380,34457,34464,34467,34526,34532,34534,34553,34557,34560,34611,34614,34634,34636,34697,34699,34704,34709,34714,34719,34724,34729,34735,34738,34747,34755,34757,34792],[10,32846,13,32848,18],{"id":32847},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32849,1312],{},[20,32851,32852,32853,32856],{},"The Python ",[15,32854,32855],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32858,32859],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[34,32861,37],{"id":36},[39,32863,32865],{"className":41,"code":32864,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32866,32867,32919,32933,32937,32947],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32868,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32870,829],{"class":54},[48,32872,59],{"class":58},[48,32874,63],{"class":62},[48,32876,67],{"class":66},[48,32878,71],{"class":70},[48,32880,67],{"class":66},[48,32882,76],{"class":62},[48,32884,79],{"class":66},[48,32886,82],{"class":70},[48,32888,67],{"class":66},[48,32890,87],{"class":62},[48,32892,79],{"class":66},[48,32894,92],{"class":70},[48,32896,67],{"class":66},[48,32898,76],{"class":62},[48,32900,2506],{"class":99},[48,32902,87],{"class":62},[48,32904,79],{"class":66},[48,32906,11164],{"class":70},[48,32908,67],{"class":66},[48,32910,76],{"class":62},[48,32912,79],{"class":66},[48,32914,16760],{"class":70},[48,32916,67],{"class":66},[48,32918,103],{"class":62},[48,32920,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32922,4605],{"class":54},[48,32924,59],{"class":58},[48,32926,900],{"class":54},[48,32928,134],{"class":62},[48,32930,1415],{"class":137},[48,32932,380],{"class":62},[48,32934,32935],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,32936,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,32938,32939,32941,32943,32945],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,32940,276],{"class":147},[48,32942,151],{"class":62},[48,32944,1415],{"class":137},[48,32946,162],{"class":62},[48,32948,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,32950,276],{"class":147},[48,32952,151],{"class":62},[48,32954,282],{"class":281},[48,32956,151],{"class":62},[48,32958,1415],{"class":137},[48,32960,670],{"class":62},[20,32962,168],{},[39,32964,32966],{"className":41,"code":32965,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32967,32968,32994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32969,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32971,17765],{"class":137},[48,32973,3767],{"class":62},[48,32975,311],{"class":66},[48,32977,82],{"class":70},[48,32979,311],{"class":66},[48,32981,87],{"class":62},[48,32983,2506],{"class":99},[48,32985,87],{"class":62},[48,32987,320],{"class":66},[48,32989,16760],{"class":70},[48,32991,311],{"class":66},[48,32993,4670],{"class":62},[48,32995,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,32997,682],{"class":62},[48,32999,311],{"class":66},[48,33001,82],{"class":70},[48,33003,311],{"class":66},[48,33005,87],{"class":62},[48,33007,2506],{"class":99},[48,33009,87],{"class":62},[48,33011,320],{"class":66},[48,33013,16760],{"class":70},[48,33015,311],{"class":66},[48,33017,1465],{"class":62},[20,33019,33020,33022],{},[15,33021,1312],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[34,33024,196,33026,199],{"id":33025},"what-values-does",[15,33027,1312],{},[209,33029,33030,33033,33036,33039],{},[212,33031,33032],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[212,33034,33035],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[212,33037,33038],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[212,33040,33041],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,33043,33044,33045,134],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[348,33046,10148],{"href":10147},[34,33048,360],{"id":359},[39,33050,33052],{"className":41,"code":33051,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,33053,33054],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33055,33056,33058,33060,33062],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33057,373],{"class":54},[48,33059,134],{"class":62},[48,33061,1415],{"class":137},[48,33063,380],{"class":62},[20,33065,13792],{},[209,33067,33068,33072,33075],{},[212,33069,33070,12215],{},[15,33071,1312],{},[212,33073,33074],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[212,33076,33077,33078],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,33079,1312],{},[20,33081,33082,33083,5174,33088,134],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[348,33084,33085,33087],{"href":17790},[15,33086,1309],{}," for dictionary keys",[348,33089,33090,33092],{"href":17801},[15,33091,17],{}," for key-value pairs",[34,33094,196,33096,12453],{"id":33095},"what-values-returns",[15,33097,1312],{},[20,33099,33100,573,33102,25295],{},[15,33101,1312],{},[15,33103,17765],{},[20,33105,33106,33107,33110],{},"This object is a ",[166,33108,33109],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,33112,226],{},[39,33114,33116],{"className":41,"code":33115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,33117,33118,33154,33158,33173,33184,33188,33210],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33119,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33121,55],{"class":54},[48,33123,59],{"class":58},[48,33125,63],{"class":62},[48,33127,67],{"class":66},[48,33129,71],{"class":70},[48,33131,67],{"class":66},[48,33133,76],{"class":62},[48,33135,79],{"class":66},[48,33137,846],{"class":70},[48,33139,67],{"class":66},[48,33141,87],{"class":62},[48,33143,79],{"class":66},[48,33145,92],{"class":70},[48,33147,67],{"class":66},[48,33149,76],{"class":62},[48,33151,100],{"class":99},[48,33153,103],{"class":62},[48,33155,33156],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33157,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33159,33160,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,33161,33162],{"class":54},"values_view ",[48,33164,59],{"class":58},[48,33166,131],{"class":54},[48,33168,134],{"class":62},[48,33170,1415],{"class":137},[48,33172,380],{"class":62},[48,33174,33175,33177,33179,33182],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,33176,276],{"class":147},[48,33178,151],{"class":62},[48,33180,33181],{"class":137},"values_view",[48,33183,162],{"class":62},[48,33185,33186],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,33187,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33189,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206,33208],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,33191,287],{"class":54},[48,33193,682],{"class":62},[48,33195,67],{"class":66},[48,33197,11164],{"class":70},[48,33199,67],{"class":66},[48,33201,692],{"class":62},[48,33203,695],{"class":58},[48,33205,79],{"class":66},[48,33207,31177],{"class":70},[48,33209,4138],{"class":66},[48,33211,33212,33214,33216,33218],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,33213,276],{"class":147},[48,33215,151],{"class":62},[48,33217,33181],{"class":137},[48,33219,162],{"class":62},[20,33221,168],{},[39,33223,33225],{"className":41,"code":33224,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33226,33227,33245],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33228,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33230,17765],{"class":137},[48,33232,3767],{"class":62},[48,33234,311],{"class":66},[48,33236,846],{"class":70},[48,33238,311],{"class":66},[48,33240,87],{"class":62},[48,33242,100],{"class":99},[48,33244,4670],{"class":62},[48,33246,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33248,17765],{"class":137},[48,33250,3767],{"class":62},[48,33252,311],{"class":66},[48,33254,846],{"class":70},[48,33256,311],{"class":66},[48,33258,87],{"class":62},[48,33260,100],{"class":99},[48,33262,87],{"class":62},[48,33264,320],{"class":66},[48,33266,31177],{"class":70},[48,33268,311],{"class":66},[48,33270,4670],{"class":62},[20,33272,33273,33274,134],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33275,33276],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[39,33278,33280],{"className":41,"code":33279,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33281,33282,33318,33337,33341],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33283,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33285,55],{"class":54},[48,33287,59],{"class":58},[48,33289,63],{"class":62},[48,33291,67],{"class":66},[48,33293,71],{"class":70},[48,33295,67],{"class":66},[48,33297,76],{"class":62},[48,33299,79],{"class":66},[48,33301,846],{"class":70},[48,33303,67],{"class":66},[48,33305,87],{"class":62},[48,33307,79],{"class":66},[48,33309,92],{"class":70},[48,33311,67],{"class":66},[48,33313,76],{"class":62},[48,33315,100],{"class":99},[48,33317,103],{"class":62},[48,33319,33320,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33321,33322],{"class":54},"values_list ",[48,33324,59],{"class":58},[48,33326,1191],{"class":281},[48,33328,151],{"class":62},[48,33330,287],{"class":137},[48,33332,134],{"class":62},[48,33334,1415],{"class":137},[48,33336,1203],{"class":62},[48,33338,33339],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,33340,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33342,33343,33345,33347,33350],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,33344,276],{"class":147},[48,33346,151],{"class":62},[48,33348,33349],{"class":137},"values_list",[48,33351,162],{"class":62},[20,33353,168],{},[39,33355,33357],{"className":41,"code":33356,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33358,33359],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33360,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33362,682],{"class":62},[48,33364,311],{"class":66},[48,33366,846],{"class":70},[48,33368,311],{"class":66},[48,33370,87],{"class":62},[48,33372,100],{"class":99},[48,33374,1465],{"class":62},[34,33376,12225],{"id":12224},[20,33378,33379],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[39,33381,33383],{"className":41,"code":33382,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33384,33385,33439,33443,33457,33461,33471],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33386,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417,33420,33422,33424,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33388,25327],{"class":54},[48,33390,59],{"class":58},[48,33392,63],{"class":62},[48,33394,67],{"class":66},[48,33396,25336],{"class":70},[48,33398,67],{"class":66},[48,33400,76],{"class":62},[48,33402,79],{"class":66},[48,33404,25345],{"class":70},[48,33406,67],{"class":66},[48,33408,87],{"class":62},[48,33410,79],{"class":66},[48,33412,25354],{"class":70},[48,33414,67],{"class":66},[48,33416,76],{"class":62},[48,33418,33419],{"class":99}," 2022",[48,33421,87],{"class":62},[48,33423,79],{"class":66},[48,33425,33426],{"class":70},"color",[48,33428,67],{"class":66},[48,33430,76],{"class":62},[48,33432,79],{"class":66},[48,33434,13848],{"class":70},[48,33436,67],{"class":66},[48,33438,103],{"class":62},[48,33440,33441],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33442,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33444,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,33446,449],{"class":54},[48,33448,59],{"class":58},[48,33450,25376],{"class":54},[48,33452,134],{"class":62},[48,33454,1415],{"class":137},[48,33456,380],{"class":62},[48,33458,33459],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,33460,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33462,33463,33465,33467,33469],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,33464,276],{"class":147},[48,33466,151],{"class":62},[48,33468,474],{"class":137},[48,33470,162],{"class":62},[48,33472,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,33474,276],{"class":147},[48,33476,151],{"class":62},[48,33478,282],{"class":281},[48,33480,151],{"class":62},[48,33482,474],{"class":137},[48,33484,670],{"class":62},[20,33486,168],{},[39,33488,33490],{"className":41,"code":33489,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33491,33492,33518],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33493,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506,33508,33510,33512,33514,33516],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33495,17765],{"class":137},[48,33497,3767],{"class":62},[48,33499,311],{"class":66},[48,33501,25345],{"class":70},[48,33503,311],{"class":66},[48,33505,87],{"class":62},[48,33507,33419],{"class":99},[48,33509,87],{"class":62},[48,33511,320],{"class":66},[48,33513,13848],{"class":70},[48,33515,311],{"class":66},[48,33517,4670],{"class":62},[48,33519,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33521,682],{"class":62},[48,33523,311],{"class":66},[48,33525,25345],{"class":70},[48,33527,311],{"class":66},[48,33529,87],{"class":62},[48,33531,33419],{"class":99},[48,33533,87],{"class":62},[48,33535,320],{"class":66},[48,33537,13848],{"class":70},[48,33539,311],{"class":66},[48,33541,1465],{"class":62},[20,33543,12431],{},[209,33545,33546,33552,33558,33566],{},[212,33547,33548,33551],{},[15,33549,33550],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[212,33553,33554,33557],{},[15,33555,33556],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[212,33559,33560,33563,33564,25148],{},[15,33561,33562],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33565,17765],{},[212,33567,33568,33571],{},[15,33569,33570],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[34,33573,33575],{"id":33574},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33577,33578,33579,26596],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33580,117],{},[39,33582,33584],{"className":41,"code":33583,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33585,33586,33630,33634,33650],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33587,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33589,408],{"class":54},[48,33591,59],{"class":58},[48,33593,63],{"class":62},[48,33595,67],{"class":66},[48,33597,19139],{"class":70},[48,33599,67],{"class":66},[48,33601,76],{"class":62},[48,33603,424],{"class":99},[48,33605,87],{"class":62},[48,33607,79],{"class":66},[48,33609,31687],{"class":70},[48,33611,67],{"class":66},[48,33613,76],{"class":62},[48,33615,438],{"class":99},[48,33617,87],{"class":62},[48,33619,79],{"class":66},[48,33621,19148],{"class":70},[48,33623,67],{"class":66},[48,33625,76],{"class":62},[48,33627,29453],{"class":99},[48,33629,103],{"class":62},[48,33631,33632],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33633,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33635,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,33637,117],{"class":116},[48,33639,125],{"class":54},[48,33641,128],{"class":116},[48,33643,454],{"class":54},[48,33645,134],{"class":62},[48,33647,1415],{"class":137},[48,33649,141],{"class":62},[48,33651,33652,33654,33656,33658],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,33653,148],{"class":147},[48,33655,151],{"class":62},[48,33657,933],{"class":137},[48,33659,162],{"class":62},[20,33661,168],{},[39,33663,33665],{"className":41,"code":33664,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33666,33667,33672,33677],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33668,33669],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33670,33671],{"class":99},"90\n",[48,33673,33674],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33675,33676],{"class":99},"85\n",[48,33678,33679],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,33680,33681],{"class":99},"88\n",[20,33683,18433],{},[209,33685,33686,33689,33692],{},[212,33687,33688],{},"You only need the values",[212,33690,33691],{},"You do not care about the keys",[212,33693,33694],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33696,33697,33698,352,33702,134],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[348,33699,2686,33700,2689],{"href":17801},[15,33701,17],{},[348,33703,1102],{"href":33704},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[34,33706,33708],{"id":33707},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33710,189,33711,33713],{},[15,33712,33276],{}," when you need a list.",[39,33715,33717],{"className":41,"code":33716,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33718,33719,33765,33769,33789,33793,33804],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33720,33721,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33757,33759,33761,33763],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33722,33723],{"class":54},"fruit_prices ",[48,33725,59],{"class":58},[48,33727,63],{"class":62},[48,33729,67],{"class":66},[48,33731,1128],{"class":70},[48,33733,67],{"class":66},[48,33735,76],{"class":62},[48,33737,632],{"class":99},[48,33739,87],{"class":62},[48,33741,79],{"class":66},[48,33743,1146],{"class":70},[48,33745,67],{"class":66},[48,33747,76],{"class":62},[48,33749,618],{"class":99},[48,33751,87],{"class":62},[48,33753,79],{"class":66},[48,33755,33756],{"class":70},"orange",[48,33758,67],{"class":66},[48,33760,76],{"class":62},[48,33762,800],{"class":99},[48,33764,103],{"class":62},[48,33766,33767],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33768,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33770,33771,33774,33776,33778,33780,33783,33785,33787],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,33772,33773],{"class":54},"price_list ",[48,33775,59],{"class":58},[48,33777,1191],{"class":281},[48,33779,151],{"class":62},[48,33781,33782],{"class":137},"fruit_prices",[48,33784,134],{"class":62},[48,33786,1415],{"class":137},[48,33788,1203],{"class":62},[48,33790,33791],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,33792,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33794,33795,33797,33799,33802],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,33796,276],{"class":147},[48,33798,151],{"class":62},[48,33800,33801],{"class":137},"price_list",[48,33803,162],{"class":62},[48,33805,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,33807,276],{"class":147},[48,33809,151],{"class":62},[48,33811,33801],{"class":137},[48,33813,682],{"class":62},[48,33815,2904],{"class":99},[48,33817,4670],{"class":62},[20,33819,168],{},[39,33821,33823],{"className":41,"code":33822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33824,33825,33841],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33826,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33828,682],{"class":62},[48,33830,2842],{"class":99},[48,33832,87],{"class":62},[48,33834,618],{"class":99},[48,33836,87],{"class":62},[48,33838,800],{"class":99},[48,33840,1465],{"class":62},[48,33842,33843],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33844,17784],{"class":99},[20,33846,33847],{},"This is helpful for:",[209,33849,33850,33853,33856],{},[212,33851,33852],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[212,33854,33855],{},"Accessing values by index",[212,33857,33858],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33860,4706,33861,33863],{},[15,33862,17765],{}," is not the same as a list.",[34,33865,33867,1306,33869,1306,33871],{"id":33866},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33868,1312],{},[15,33870,1309],{},[15,33872,17],{},[20,33874,33875],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[209,33877,33878,33883,33888],{},[212,33879,33880,33882],{},[15,33881,1312],{}," returns only the values",[212,33884,33885,33887],{},[15,33886,1309],{}," returns only the keys",[212,33889,33890,33892],{},[15,33891,17],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33894,2910],{},[39,33896,33898],{"className":41,"code":33897,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33899,33900,33936,33940,33954,33968],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33901,33902,33904,33906,33908,33910,33912,33914,33916,33918,33920,33922,33924,33926,33928,33930,33932,33934],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33903,829],{"class":54},[48,33905,59],{"class":58},[48,33907,63],{"class":62},[48,33909,67],{"class":66},[48,33911,71],{"class":70},[48,33913,67],{"class":66},[48,33915,76],{"class":62},[48,33917,79],{"class":66},[48,33919,82],{"class":70},[48,33921,67],{"class":66},[48,33923,87],{"class":62},[48,33925,79],{"class":66},[48,33927,92],{"class":70},[48,33929,67],{"class":66},[48,33931,76],{"class":62},[48,33933,2506],{"class":99},[48,33935,103],{"class":62},[48,33937,33938],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,33939,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,33941,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,33943,276],{"class":147},[48,33945,151],{"class":62},[48,33947,1076],{"class":137},[48,33949,134],{"class":62},[48,33951,1396],{"class":137},[48,33953,1203],{"class":62},[48,33955,33956,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,33957,276],{"class":147},[48,33959,151],{"class":62},[48,33961,1076],{"class":137},[48,33963,134],{"class":62},[48,33965,1415],{"class":137},[48,33967,1203],{"class":62},[48,33969,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,33971,276],{"class":147},[48,33973,151],{"class":62},[48,33975,1076],{"class":137},[48,33977,134],{"class":62},[48,33979,138],{"class":137},[48,33981,1203],{"class":62},[20,33983,168],{},[39,33985,33987],{"className":41,"code":33986,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33988,33989,34011,34029],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33990,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005,34007,34009],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33992,17742],{"class":137},[48,33994,3767],{"class":62},[48,33996,311],{"class":66},[48,33998,71],{"class":70},[48,34000,311],{"class":66},[48,34002,87],{"class":62},[48,34004,320],{"class":66},[48,34006,92],{"class":70},[48,34008,311],{"class":66},[48,34010,4670],{"class":62},[48,34012,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34014,17765],{"class":137},[48,34016,3767],{"class":62},[48,34018,311],{"class":66},[48,34020,82],{"class":70},[48,34022,311],{"class":66},[48,34024,87],{"class":62},[48,34026,2506],{"class":99},[48,34028,4670],{"class":62},[48,34030,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,34032,502],{"class":137},[48,34034,505],{"class":62},[48,34036,311],{"class":66},[48,34038,71],{"class":70},[48,34040,311],{"class":66},[48,34042,87],{"class":62},[48,34044,2506],{"class":99},[48,34046,532],{"class":62},[20,34048,19416],{},[209,34050,34051,34058,34065],{},[212,34052,34053,34057],{},[348,34054,34055],{"href":17790},[15,34056,1309],{}," when you need just the keys",[212,34059,34060,34064],{},[348,34061,34062],{"href":17795},[15,34063,1312],{}," when you need just the values",[212,34066,34067,34071],{},[348,34068,34069],{"href":17801},[15,34070,17],{}," when you need both",[34,34073,5300],{"id":5299},[20,34075,34076,34077,134],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,34078,1312],{},[1752,34080,30183,34082,34084],{"id":34081},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,34083,1312],{}," on the wrong type",[20,34086,34087,34089],{},[15,34088,1312],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,34091,17372],{},[39,34093,34095],{"className":41,"code":34094,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,34096,34097,34117],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34098,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34100,9075],{"class":54},[48,34102,59],{"class":58},[48,34104,4404],{"class":62},[48,34106,3770],{"class":99},[48,34108,87],{"class":62},[48,34110,632],{"class":99},[48,34112,87],{"class":62},[48,34114,800],{"class":99},[48,34116,1465],{"class":62},[48,34118,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34120,276],{"class":147},[48,34122,151],{"class":62},[48,34124,9106],{"class":137},[48,34126,134],{"class":62},[48,34128,1415],{"class":137},[48,34130,1203],{"class":62},[20,34132,34133,34134,34136],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34135,1312],{}," method.",[20,34138,34139],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[39,34141,34143],{"className":41,"code":34142,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34144,34145],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34146,34147,34149,34151,34153,34155,34157],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34148,276],{"class":147},[48,34150,151],{"class":62},[48,34152,2094],{"class":281},[48,34154,151],{"class":62},[48,34156,9106],{"class":137},[48,34158,670],{"class":62},[20,34160,34161,34162,34164,34165,134],{},"If you get an ",[15,34163,26203],{},", see ",[348,34166,26211,34167,34169],{"href":26210},[15,34168,26214],{}," errors",[1752,34171,5361,34173,34175],{"id":34172},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34174,1312],{}," returns a list",[20,34177,34178],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[39,34180,34182],{"className":41,"code":34181,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34183,34184,34220,34234,34238],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34185,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212,34214,34216,34218],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34187,829],{"class":54},[48,34189,59],{"class":58},[48,34191,63],{"class":62},[48,34193,67],{"class":66},[48,34195,71],{"class":70},[48,34197,67],{"class":66},[48,34199,76],{"class":62},[48,34201,79],{"class":66},[48,34203,82],{"class":70},[48,34205,67],{"class":66},[48,34207,87],{"class":62},[48,34209,79],{"class":66},[48,34211,92],{"class":70},[48,34213,67],{"class":66},[48,34215,76],{"class":62},[48,34217,2506],{"class":99},[48,34219,103],{"class":62},[48,34221,34222,34224,34226,34228,34230,34232],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34223,4605],{"class":54},[48,34225,59],{"class":58},[48,34227,900],{"class":54},[48,34229,134],{"class":62},[48,34231,1415],{"class":137},[48,34233,380],{"class":62},[48,34235,34236],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,34237,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,34239,34240,34242,34244,34246,34248,34250],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,34241,276],{"class":147},[48,34243,151],{"class":62},[48,34245,2094],{"class":281},[48,34247,151],{"class":62},[48,34249,1415],{"class":137},[48,34251,670],{"class":62},[20,34253,168],{},[39,34255,34257],{"className":41,"code":34256,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34258,34259],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34260,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34262,2168],{"class":58},[48,34264,2171],{"class":915},[48,34266,320],{"class":66},[48,34268,17765],{"class":70},[48,34270,311],{"class":66},[48,34272,2180],{"class":58},[20,34274,5925,34275,34277],{},[15,34276,17765],{},", not a list.",[20,34279,34280],{},"If you need a list:",[39,34282,34284],{"className":41,"code":34283,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34285,34286],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34287,34288,34290,34292,34294,34296,34298,34300,34302],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34289,4605],{"class":54},[48,34291,59],{"class":58},[48,34293,1191],{"class":281},[48,34295,151],{"class":62},[48,34297,1076],{"class":137},[48,34299,134],{"class":62},[48,34301,1415],{"class":137},[48,34303,1203],{"class":62},[1752,34305,34307,34308],{"id":34306},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34309,17765],{},[20,34311,34312],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[39,34314,34316],{"className":41,"code":34315,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34317,34318,34354,34368,34372],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34319,34320,34322,34324,34326,34328,34330,34332,34334,34336,34338,34340,34342,34344,34346,34348,34350,34352],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34321,829],{"class":54},[48,34323,59],{"class":58},[48,34325,63],{"class":62},[48,34327,67],{"class":66},[48,34329,71],{"class":70},[48,34331,67],{"class":66},[48,34333,76],{"class":62},[48,34335,79],{"class":66},[48,34337,82],{"class":70},[48,34339,67],{"class":66},[48,34341,87],{"class":62},[48,34343,79],{"class":66},[48,34345,92],{"class":70},[48,34347,67],{"class":66},[48,34349,76],{"class":62},[48,34351,2506],{"class":99},[48,34353,103],{"class":62},[48,34355,34356,34358,34360,34362,34364,34366],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34357,4605],{"class":54},[48,34359,59],{"class":58},[48,34361,900],{"class":54},[48,34363,134],{"class":62},[48,34365,1415],{"class":137},[48,34367,380],{"class":62},[48,34369,34370],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,34371,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,34373,34374],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,34375,34376],{"class":4445},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34378,34379],{},"Convert to a list first:",[39,34381,34383],{"className":41,"code":34382,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34384,34385,34421,34439,34443],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34386,34387,34389,34391,34393,34395,34397,34399,34401,34403,34405,34407,34409,34411,34413,34415,34417,34419],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34388,829],{"class":54},[48,34390,59],{"class":58},[48,34392,63],{"class":62},[48,34394,67],{"class":66},[48,34396,71],{"class":70},[48,34398,67],{"class":66},[48,34400,76],{"class":62},[48,34402,79],{"class":66},[48,34404,82],{"class":70},[48,34406,67],{"class":66},[48,34408,87],{"class":62},[48,34410,79],{"class":66},[48,34412,92],{"class":70},[48,34414,67],{"class":66},[48,34416,76],{"class":62},[48,34418,2506],{"class":99},[48,34420,103],{"class":62},[48,34422,34423,34425,34427,34429,34431,34433,34435,34437],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34424,4605],{"class":54},[48,34426,59],{"class":58},[48,34428,1191],{"class":281},[48,34430,151],{"class":62},[48,34432,1076],{"class":137},[48,34434,134],{"class":62},[48,34436,1415],{"class":137},[48,34438,1203],{"class":62},[48,34440,34441],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,34442,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,34444,34445,34447,34449,34451,34453,34455],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,34446,276],{"class":147},[48,34448,151],{"class":62},[48,34450,1415],{"class":137},[48,34452,682],{"class":62},[48,34454,2904],{"class":99},[48,34456,4670],{"class":62},[1752,34458,9185,34460,11844,34462],{"id":34459},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34461,1415],{},[15,34463,1312],{},[20,34465,34466],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[39,34468,34470],{"className":41,"code":34469,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34471,34472,34508,34512],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34473,34474,34476,34478,34480,34482,34484,34486,34488,34490,34492,34494,34496,34498,34500,34502,34504,34506],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34475,829],{"class":54},[48,34477,59],{"class":58},[48,34479,63],{"class":62},[48,34481,67],{"class":66},[48,34483,71],{"class":70},[48,34485,67],{"class":66},[48,34487,76],{"class":62},[48,34489,79],{"class":66},[48,34491,82],{"class":70},[48,34493,67],{"class":66},[48,34495,87],{"class":62},[48,34497,79],{"class":66},[48,34499,92],{"class":70},[48,34501,67],{"class":66},[48,34503,76],{"class":62},[48,34505,2506],{"class":99},[48,34507,103],{"class":62},[48,34509,34510],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34511,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,34513,34514,34516,34518,34520,34522,34524],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,34515,276],{"class":147},[48,34517,151],{"class":62},[48,34519,1076],{"class":137},[48,34521,134],{"class":62},[48,34523,1415],{"class":25281},[48,34525,162],{"class":62},[20,34527,34528,34531],{},[15,34529,34530],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34533,19416],{},[39,34535,34537],{"className":41,"code":34536,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34538,34539],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34540,34541,34543,34545,34547,34549,34551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34542,276],{"class":147},[48,34544,151],{"class":62},[48,34546,1076],{"class":137},[48,34548,134],{"class":62},[48,34550,1415],{"class":137},[48,34552,1203],{"class":62},[1752,34554,34556],{"id":34555},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34558,34559],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[39,34561,34563],{"className":41,"code":34562,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34564,34565,34597],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34566,34567,34569,34571,34573,34575,34577,34579,34581,34583,34585,34587,34589,34591,34593,34595],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34568,602],{"class":54},[48,34570,59],{"class":58},[48,34572,63],{"class":62},[48,34574,67],{"class":66},[48,34576,348],{"class":70},[48,34578,67],{"class":66},[48,34580,76],{"class":62},[48,34582,618],{"class":99},[48,34584,87],{"class":62},[48,34586,79],{"class":66},[48,34588,2059],{"class":70},[48,34590,67],{"class":66},[48,34592,76],{"class":62},[48,34594,632],{"class":99},[48,34596,103],{"class":62},[48,34598,34599,34601,34603,34605,34607,34609],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34600,276],{"class":147},[48,34602,151],{"class":62},[48,34604,679],{"class":137},[48,34606,134],{"class":62},[48,34608,1415],{"class":137},[48,34610,1203],{"class":62},[20,34612,34613],{},"Not like this:",[39,34615,34617],{"className":41,"code":34616,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34618,34619,34624,34629],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34620,34621],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34622,34623],{"class":4445},"# Wrong examples:\n",[48,34625,34626],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34627,34628],{"class":4445},"# data().values()\n",[48,34630,34631],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,34632,34633],{"class":4445},"# values(data)\n",[20,34635,4119],{},[39,34637,34639],{"className":41,"code":34638,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34640,34641,34655,34665,34679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34642,34643,34645,34647,34649,34651,34653],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34644,276],{"class":147},[48,34646,151],{"class":62},[48,34648,2094],{"class":281},[48,34650,151],{"class":62},[48,34652,373],{"class":137},[48,34654,670],{"class":62},[48,34656,34657,34659,34661,34663],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34658,276],{"class":147},[48,34660,151],{"class":62},[48,34662,373],{"class":137},[48,34664,162],{"class":62},[48,34666,34667,34669,34671,34673,34675,34677],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,34668,276],{"class":147},[48,34670,151],{"class":62},[48,34672,373],{"class":137},[48,34674,134],{"class":62},[48,34676,1415],{"class":137},[48,34678,1203],{"class":62},[48,34680,34681,34683,34685,34687,34689,34691,34693,34695],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,34682,276],{"class":147},[48,34684,151],{"class":62},[48,34686,282],{"class":281},[48,34688,151],{"class":62},[48,34690,373],{"class":137},[48,34692,134],{"class":62},[48,34694,1415],{"class":137},[48,34696,294],{"class":62},[34,34698,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,34700,5920,34702,2596],{"id":34701},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34703,32855],{},[20,34705,2599,34706,34708],{},[15,34707,17765],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1752,34710,2606,34712,2609],{"id":34711},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34713,1312],{},[20,34715,2612,34716,2616],{},[15,34717,34718],{},"list(...)",[1752,34720,26588,34722,2623],{"id":34721},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34723,32855],{},[20,34725,34726,34727,26596],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34728,117],{},[1752,34730,2606,34732,34734],{"id":34731},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34733,32855],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34736,34737],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1752,34739,34741,34742,34744,34745,2623],{"id":34740},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34743,1312],{}," different from ",[15,34746,17],{},[20,34748,34749,34751,34752,34754],{},[15,34750,1312],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34753,17],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[34,34756,2679],{"id":2678},[209,34758,34759,34765,34771,34775,34781,34785],{},[212,34760,34761],{},[348,34762,2686,34763,2689],{"href":17790},[15,34764,1309],{},[212,34766,34767],{},[348,34768,2686,34769,2689],{"href":17801},[15,34770,17],{},[212,34772,34773],{},[348,34774,11995],{"href":10147},[212,34776,34777],{},[348,34778,34780],{"href":34779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[212,34782,34783],{},[348,34784,2700],{"href":33704},[212,34786,34787],{},[348,34788,30881,34789],{"href":26210},[15,34790,34791],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2711,34793,34794],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":34796},[34797,34798,34800,34801,34803,34804,34805,34806,34808,34819,34831],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":33025,"depth":106,"text":34799},"What values() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":33095,"depth":106,"text":34802},"What values() returns",{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":33574,"depth":106,"text":33575},{"id":33707,"depth":106,"text":33708},{"id":33866,"depth":106,"text":34807},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":34809},[34810,34812,34814,34816,34818],{"id":34081,"depth":113,"text":34811},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34172,"depth":113,"text":34813},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34306,"depth":113,"text":34815},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34459,"depth":113,"text":34817},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34555,"depth":113,"text":34556},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":34820},[34821,34823,34825,34827,34829],{"id":34701,"depth":113,"text":34822},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34711,"depth":113,"text":34824},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34721,"depth":113,"text":34826},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34731,"depth":113,"text":34828},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34740,"depth":113,"text":34830},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32842,"description":34832},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34838,"title":34839,"body":34840,"description":36271,"extension":2749,"meta":36272,"navigation":109,"path":36273,"seo":36274,"stem":36275,"__hash__":36276},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34841,"toc":36223},[34842,34848,34853,34856,34872,34881,34883,34915,34921,34924,35019,35022,35027,35032,35035,35046,35048,35062,35068,35070,35075,35081,35084,35123,35131,35136,35139,35184,35187,35199,35205,35211,35215,35248,35251,35269,35272,35276,35315,35317,35337,35340,35352,35357,35363,35366,35421,35424,35435,35438,35449,35452,35456,35462,35464,35494,35497,35512,35515,35518,35537,35540,35556,35565,35567,35598,35604,35609,35612,35619,35650,35653,35675,35678,35681,35695,35699,35730,35745,35752,35759,35763,35771,35775,35783,35786,35835,35846,35848,35851,35857,35862,35872,35876,35879,35882,35886,35889,35891,35912,35916,35922,35933,35939,35941,35947,35971,35974,36037,36040,36068,36071,36133,36135,36140,36143,36150,36158,36165,36168,36176,36182,36184,36211,36220],[10,34843,4356,34845,4360],{"id":34844},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34846,34847],{},"dir()",[20,34849,32852,34850,34852],{},[15,34851,34847],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34854,34855],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[209,34857,34858,34861,34864,34869],{},[212,34859,34860],{},"learning Python",[212,34862,34863],{},"exploring a new object",[212,34865,34866,34867],{},"debugging an ",[15,34868,26203],{},[212,34870,34871],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34873,34874,34875,34877,34878],{},"In short, ",[15,34876,34847],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[166,34879,34880],{},"“What can I use here?”",[34,34882,37],{"id":36},[39,34884,34886],{"className":41,"code":34885,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34887,34888,34900],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34889,34890,34892,34894,34896,34898],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34891,8645],{"class":54},[48,34893,59],{"class":58},[48,34895,79],{"class":66},[48,34897,4628],{"class":70},[48,34899,4138],{"class":66},[48,34901,34902,34904,34906,34909,34911,34913],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,34903,276],{"class":147},[48,34905,151],{"class":62},[48,34907,34908],{"class":147},"dir",[48,34910,151],{"class":62},[48,34912,71],{"class":137},[48,34914,670],{"class":62},[20,34916,189,34917,34920],{},[15,34918,34919],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34922,34923],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[39,34925,34927],{"className":41,"code":34926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34928,34929],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34930,34931,34933,34935,34938,34940,34942,34944,34947,34949,34951,34953,34956,34958,34960,34962,34965,34967,34969,34971,34974,34976,34978,34980,34983,34985,34987,34991,34993,34995,34997,34999,35001,35003,35006,35008,35010,35012,35015,35017],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34932,682],{"class":62},[48,34934,311],{"class":66},[48,34936,34937],{"class":70},"__add__",[48,34939,311],{"class":66},[48,34941,87],{"class":62},[48,34943,320],{"class":66},[48,34945,34946],{"class":70},"__class__",[48,34948,311],{"class":66},[48,34950,87],{"class":62},[48,34952,320],{"class":66},[48,34954,34955],{"class":70},"__contains__",[48,34957,311],{"class":66},[48,34959,87],{"class":62},[48,34961,320],{"class":66},[48,34963,34964],{"class":70},"__delattr__",[48,34966,311],{"class":66},[48,34968,87],{"class":62},[48,34970,320],{"class":66},[48,34972,34973],{"class":70},"__dir__",[48,34975,311],{"class":66},[48,34977,87],{"class":62},[48,34979,320],{"class":66},[48,34981,34982],{"class":70},"__doc__",[48,34984,311],{"class":66},[48,34986,87],{"class":62},[48,34988,34990],{"class":34989},"s_hVV"," ...",[48,34992,87],{"class":62},[48,34994,320],{"class":66},[48,34996,9407],{"class":70},[48,34998,311],{"class":66},[48,35000,87],{"class":62},[48,35002,320],{"class":66},[48,35004,35005],{"class":70},"split",[48,35007,311],{"class":66},[48,35009,87],{"class":62},[48,35011,320],{"class":66},[48,35013,35014],{"class":70},"upper",[48,35016,311],{"class":66},[48,35018,1465],{"class":62},[20,35020,35021],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[34,35023,196,35025,199],{"id":35024},"what-dir-does",[15,35026,34847],{},[20,35028,35029,35031],{},[15,35030,34847],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,35033,35034],{},"It usually includes:",[209,35036,35037,35040,35043],{},[212,35038,35039],{},"attributes",[212,35041,35042],{},"methods",[212,35044,35045],{},"special Python names",[20,35047,207],{},[209,35049,35050,35056,35059],{},[212,35051,35052,35053],{},"The result is a ",[166,35054,35055],{},"list of strings",[212,35057,35058],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[212,35060,35061],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,35063,35064,35065,35067],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,35066,34847],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[34,35069,360],{"id":359},[20,35071,35072,35074],{},[15,35073,34847],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1752,35076,35078,35080],{"id":35077},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,35079,34847],{}," with no argument",[20,35082,35083],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[39,35085,35087],{"className":41,"code":35086,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35088,35089,35097,35109,35113],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35090,35091,35093,35095],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35092,3807],{"class":54},[48,35094,59],{"class":58},[48,35096,3370],{"class":99},[48,35098,35099,35101,35103,35105,35107],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35100,8645],{"class":54},[48,35102,59],{"class":58},[48,35104,79],{"class":66},[48,35106,8446],{"class":70},[48,35108,4138],{"class":66},[48,35110,35111],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,35112,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,35114,35115,35117,35119,35121],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,35116,276],{"class":147},[48,35118,151],{"class":62},[48,35120,34908],{"class":147},[48,35122,1203],{"class":62},[20,35124,35125,35126,5174,35128,35130],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,35127,611],{},[15,35129,71],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1752,35132,35134],{"id":35133},"dirobject",[15,35135,34919],{},[20,35137,35138],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[39,35140,35142],{"className":41,"code":35141,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35143,35144,35162],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35145,35146,35148,35150,35152,35154,35156,35158,35160],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35147,276],{"class":147},[48,35149,151],{"class":62},[48,35151,34908],{"class":147},[48,35153,151],{"class":62},[48,35155,67],{"class":66},[48,35157,4628],{"class":70},[48,35159,67],{"class":66},[48,35161,670],{"class":62},[48,35163,35164,35166,35168,35170,35172,35174,35176,35178,35180,35182],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35165,276],{"class":147},[48,35167,151],{"class":62},[48,35169,34908],{"class":147},[48,35171,3767],{"class":62},[48,35173,3770],{"class":99},[48,35175,87],{"class":62},[48,35177,632],{"class":99},[48,35179,87],{"class":62},[48,35181,800],{"class":99},[48,35183,3781],{"class":62},[20,35185,35186],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[209,35188,35189,35191,35193,35196],{},[212,35190,6087],{},[212,35192,6078],{},[212,35194,35195],{},"modules",[212,35197,35198],{},"custom objects",[34,35200,9185,35202,35204],{"id":35201},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35203,34847],{}," with a value",[20,35206,35207,35208,35210],{},"A common use of ",[15,35209,34847],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1752,35212,35214],{"id":35213},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[39,35216,35218],{"className":41,"code":35217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35219,35220,35233],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35221,35222,35225,35227,35229,35231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35223,35224],{"class":54},"text ",[48,35226,59],{"class":58},[48,35228,79],{"class":66},[48,35230,4628],{"class":70},[48,35232,4138],{"class":66},[48,35234,35235,35237,35239,35241,35243,35246],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35236,276],{"class":147},[48,35238,151],{"class":62},[48,35240,34908],{"class":147},[48,35242,151],{"class":62},[48,35244,35245],{"class":137},"text",[48,35247,670],{"class":62},[20,35249,35250],{},"You will see method names like:",[209,35252,35253,35257,35261,35265],{},[212,35254,35255],{},[15,35256,9407],{},[212,35258,35259],{},[15,35260,35014],{},[212,35262,35263],{},[15,35264,35005],{},[212,35266,35267],{},[15,35268,9401],{},[20,35270,35271],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1752,35273,35275],{"id":35274},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[39,35277,35279],{"className":41,"code":35278,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35280,35281,35301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35282,35283,35285,35287,35289,35291,35293,35295,35297,35299],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35284,2232],{"class":54},[48,35286,59],{"class":58},[48,35288,4404],{"class":62},[48,35290,3770],{"class":99},[48,35292,87],{"class":62},[48,35294,632],{"class":99},[48,35296,87],{"class":62},[48,35298,800],{"class":99},[48,35300,1465],{"class":62},[48,35302,35303,35305,35307,35309,35311,35313],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35304,276],{"class":147},[48,35306,151],{"class":62},[48,35308,34908],{"class":147},[48,35310,151],{"class":62},[48,35312,2411],{"class":137},[48,35314,670],{"class":62},[20,35316,35250],{},[209,35318,35319,35323,35327,35332],{},[212,35320,35321],{},[15,35322,14287],{},[212,35324,35325],{},[15,35326,26773],{},[212,35328,35329],{},[15,35330,35331],{},"remove",[212,35333,35334],{},[15,35335,35336],{},"sort",[20,35338,35339],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35341,35342,35343,35348,35349,35351],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[348,35344,35346],{"href":35345},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35347,3085],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35350,34847],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[34,35353,9185,35355,35080],{"id":35354},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35356,34847],{},[20,35358,35359,35360,35362],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35361,34847],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35364,35365],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[39,35367,35369],{"className":41,"code":35368,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35370,35371,35380,35384,35395,35407,35411],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35372,35373,35375,35377],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35374,3807],{"class":54},[48,35376,59],{"class":58},[48,35378,35379],{"class":99}," 5\n",[48,35381,35382],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35383,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,35385,35386,35389,35393],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,35387,35388],{"class":915},"def",[48,35390,35392],{"class":35391},"sGLFI"," greet",[48,35394,141],{"class":62},[48,35396,35397,35400,35402,35405],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,35398,35399],{"class":116},"    return",[48,35401,79],{"class":66},[48,35403,35404],{"class":70},"Hello",[48,35406,4138],{"class":66},[48,35408,35409],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,35410,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,35412,35413,35415,35417,35419],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,35414,276],{"class":147},[48,35416,151],{"class":62},[48,35418,34908],{"class":147},[48,35420,1203],{"class":62},[20,35422,35423],{},"The output will include names like:",[209,35425,35426,35430],{},[212,35427,35428],{},[15,35429,611],{},[212,35431,35432],{},[15,35433,35434],{},"greet",[20,35436,35437],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[209,35439,35440,35443,35446],{},[212,35441,35442],{},"what variables exist",[212,35444,35445],{},"what functions you have defined",[212,35447,35448],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35450,35451],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[34,35453,35455],{"id":35454},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35457,35458,35459,35461],{},"When you first use ",[15,35460,34847],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35463,226],{},[39,35465,35466],{"className":41,"code":35217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,35467,35468,35480],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35469,35470,35472,35474,35476,35478],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35471,35224],{"class":54},[48,35473,59],{"class":58},[48,35475,79],{"class":66},[48,35477,4628],{"class":70},[48,35479,4138],{"class":66},[48,35481,35482,35484,35486,35488,35490,35492],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35483,276],{"class":147},[48,35485,151],{"class":62},[48,35487,34908],{"class":147},[48,35489,151],{"class":62},[48,35491,35245],{"class":137},[48,35493,670],{"class":62},[20,35495,35496],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[209,35498,35499,35503,35507],{},[212,35500,35501],{},[15,35502,34946],{},[212,35504,35505],{},[15,35506,34982],{},[212,35508,35509],{},[15,35510,35511],{},"__len__",[20,35513,35514],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35516,35517],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[209,35519,35520,35524,35528,35532],{},[212,35521,35522],{},[15,35523,35014],{},[212,35525,35526],{},[15,35527,9407],{},[212,35529,35530],{},[15,35531,35005],{},[212,35533,35534],{},[15,35535,35536],{},"replace",[20,35538,35539],{},"A key point to remember:",[209,35541,35542,35550],{},[212,35543,35544,35546,35547],{},[15,35545,34847],{}," lists ",[166,35548,35549],{},"names only",[212,35551,35552,35553,35555],{},"it does ",[166,35554,5413],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35557,35558,35559,134],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[348,35560,35562],{"href":35561},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35563,35564],{},"help()",[20,35566,6249],{},[39,35568,35570],{"className":41,"code":35569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35571,35572,35584],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35573,35574,35576,35578,35580,35582],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35575,8645],{"class":54},[48,35577,59],{"class":58},[48,35579,79],{"class":66},[48,35581,4628],{"class":70},[48,35583,4138],{"class":66},[48,35585,35586,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35587,32687],{"class":147},[48,35589,151],{"class":62},[48,35591,71],{"class":137},[48,35593,134],{"class":62},[48,35595,35014],{"class":25281},[48,35597,162],{"class":62},[34,35599,35601,35603],{"id":35600},"dir-on-modules",[15,35602,34847],{}," on modules",[20,35605,16443,35606,35608],{},[15,35607,34847],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35610,35611],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1752,35613,35615,35616,35618],{"id":35614},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35617,19139],{}," module",[39,35620,35622],{"className":41,"code":35621,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35623,35624,35632,35636],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35625,35626,35629],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35627,35628],{"class":116},"import",[48,35630,35631],{"class":54}," math\n",[48,35633,35634],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35635,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,35637,35638,35640,35642,35644,35646,35648],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,35639,276],{"class":147},[48,35641,151],{"class":62},[48,35643,34908],{"class":147},[48,35645,151],{"class":62},[48,35647,19139],{"class":137},[48,35649,670],{"class":62},[20,35651,35652],{},"You may see names like:",[209,35654,35655,35660,35665,35670],{},[212,35656,35657],{},[15,35658,35659],{},"sqrt",[212,35661,35662],{},[15,35663,35664],{},"ceil",[212,35666,35667],{},[15,35668,35669],{},"floor",[212,35671,35672],{},[15,35673,35674],{},"pi",[20,35676,35677],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35679,35680],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[209,35682,35683,35689],{},[212,35684,35685],{},[348,35686,35688],{"href":35687},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[212,35690,35691],{},[348,35692,35694],{"href":35693},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1752,35696,35698],{"id":35697},"another-example","Another example",[39,35700,35702],{"className":41,"code":35701,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35703,35704,35711,35715],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35705,35706,35708],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35707,35628],{"class":116},[48,35709,35710],{"class":54}," json\n",[48,35712,35713],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35714,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,35716,35717,35719,35721,35723,35725,35728],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,35718,276],{"class":147},[48,35720,151],{"class":62},[48,35722,34908],{"class":147},[48,35724,151],{"class":62},[48,35726,35727],{"class":137},"json",[48,35729,670],{"class":62},[20,35731,35732,35733,2973,35736,2973,35739,17798,35742,134],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35734,35735],{},"dump",[15,35737,35738],{},"dumps",[15,35740,35741],{},"load",[15,35743,35744],{},"loads",[34,35746,35748,1306,35750],{"id":35747},"dir-vs-help",[15,35749,34847],{},[15,35751,35564],{},[20,35753,35754,5174,35756,35758],{},[15,35755,34847],{},[15,35757,35564],{}," are often used together.",[1752,35760,35761],{"id":34908},[15,35762,34847],{},[209,35764,35765,35768],{},[212,35766,35767],{},"shows available names",[212,35769,35770],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1752,35772,35773],{"id":32687},[15,35774,35564],{},[209,35776,35777,35780],{},[212,35778,35779],{},"explains what an object or function does",[212,35781,35782],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35784,35785],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[39,35787,35789],{"className":41,"code":35788,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35790,35791,35803,35807,35821],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35792,35793,35795,35797,35799,35801],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35794,8645],{"class":54},[48,35796,59],{"class":58},[48,35798,79],{"class":66},[48,35800,4628],{"class":70},[48,35802,4138],{"class":66},[48,35804,35805],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35806,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,35808,35809,35811,35813,35815,35817,35819],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,35810,276],{"class":147},[48,35812,151],{"class":62},[48,35814,34908],{"class":147},[48,35816,151],{"class":62},[48,35818,71],{"class":137},[48,35820,670],{"class":62},[48,35822,35823,35825,35827,35829,35831,35833],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,35824,32687],{"class":147},[48,35826,151],{"class":62},[48,35828,71],{"class":137},[48,35830,134],{"class":62},[48,35832,35014],{"class":25281},[48,35834,162],{"class":62},[20,35836,189,35837,35839,35840,35842,35843,35845],{},[15,35838,34847],{}," first to find a method name.",[10601,35841],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35844,35564],{}," to understand how to use it.",[34,35847,25889],{"id":25888},[20,35849,35850],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1752,35852,35854,35856],{"id":35853},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35855,34847],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35858,35859,35861],{},[15,35860,34847],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35863,35864,35865,35867,35868,35871],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35866,35014],{}," in ",[15,35869,35870],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1752,35873,35875],{"id":35874},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35877,35878],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35880,35881],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1752,35883,35885],{"id":35884},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35887,35888],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35890,6249],{},[209,35892,35893,35898,35904],{},[212,35894,35895,35897],{},[15,35896,35870],{}," shows string-related names",[212,35899,35900,35903],{},[15,35901,35902],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[212,35905,35906,35909,35910,35618],{},[15,35907,35908],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35911,19139],{},[1752,35913,35915],{"id":35914},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35917,35918,35919,35921],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35920,34847],{}," does not mean you already know:",[209,35923,35924,35927,35930],{},[212,35925,35926],{},"what it does",[212,35928,35929],{},"what arguments it needs",[212,35931,35932],{},"what it returns",[20,35934,35935,35936,35938],{},"That is why ",[15,35937,35564],{}," is the natural next step.",[34,35940,1745],{"id":1744},[20,35942,35943,35944,35946],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35945,34847],{}," in these situations:",[209,35948,35949,35952,35961,35964],{},[212,35950,35951],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[212,35953,35954,35955,35960],{},"Seeing an ",[348,35956,35958],{"href":35957},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35959,26203],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[212,35962,35963],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[212,35965,9185,35966,35968,35969],{},[15,35967,34847],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35970,35564],{},[20,35972,35973],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[39,35975,35977],{"className":41,"code":35976,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35978,35979,35991,35995,36009,36023],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35980,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35982,8645],{"class":54},[48,35984,59],{"class":58},[48,35986,79],{"class":66},[48,35988,4628],{"class":70},[48,35990,4138],{"class":66},[48,35992,35993],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,35994,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,35996,35997,35999,36001,36003,36005,36007],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,35998,276],{"class":147},[48,36000,151],{"class":62},[48,36002,2094],{"class":281},[48,36004,151],{"class":62},[48,36006,71],{"class":137},[48,36008,670],{"class":62},[48,36010,36011,36013,36015,36017,36019,36021],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,36012,276],{"class":147},[48,36014,151],{"class":62},[48,36016,34908],{"class":147},[48,36018,151],{"class":62},[48,36020,71],{"class":137},[48,36022,670],{"class":62},[48,36024,36025,36027,36029,36031,36033,36035],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,36026,32687],{"class":147},[48,36028,151],{"class":62},[48,36030,71],{"class":137},[48,36032,134],{"class":62},[48,36034,35014],{"class":25281},[48,36036,162],{"class":62},[20,36038,36039],{},"And for modules:",[39,36041,36042],{"className":41,"code":35621,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,36043,36044,36050,36054],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36045,36046,36048],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36047,35628],{"class":116},[48,36049,35631],{"class":54},[48,36051,36052],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36053,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,36055,36056,36058,36060,36062,36064,36066],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36057,276],{"class":147},[48,36059,151],{"class":62},[48,36061,34908],{"class":147},[48,36063,151],{"class":62},[48,36065,19139],{"class":137},[48,36067,670],{"class":62},[20,36069,36070],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[39,36072,36074],{"className":41,"code":36073,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,36075,36076,36081,36093,36103,36117,36123],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36077,36078],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36079,36080],{"class":54},"python\n",[48,36082,36083,36085,36087,36089,36091],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36084,8645],{"class":54},[48,36086,59],{"class":58},[48,36088,79],{"class":66},[48,36090,4628],{"class":70},[48,36092,4138],{"class":66},[48,36094,36095,36097,36099,36101],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36096,34908],{"class":147},[48,36098,151],{"class":62},[48,36100,71],{"class":137},[48,36102,162],{"class":62},[48,36104,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,36106,32687],{"class":147},[48,36108,151],{"class":62},[48,36110,71],{"class":137},[48,36112,134],{"class":62},[48,36114,35014],{"class":25281},[48,36116,162],{"class":62},[48,36118,36119,36121],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,36120,35628],{"class":116},[48,36122,35631],{"class":54},[48,36124,36125,36127,36129,36131],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,36126,34908],{"class":147},[48,36128,151],{"class":62},[48,36130,19139],{"class":137},[48,36132,162],{"class":62},[34,36134,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,36136,5920,36138,2596],{"id":36137},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36139,34847],{},[20,36141,36142],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1752,36144,5957,36146,5174,36148,2623],{"id":36145},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36147,34847],{},[15,36149,35564],{},[20,36151,36152,36154,36155,36157],{},[15,36153,34847],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36156,35564],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1752,36159,36161,36162,36164],{"id":36160},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36163,34847],{}," output?",[20,36166,36167],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1752,36169,5947,36171,36173,36174,2623],{"id":36170},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36172,34847],{}," help fix ",[15,36175,26203],{},[20,36177,36178,36179,134],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[348,36180,36181],{"href":35957},"object has no attribute",[34,36183,2679],{"id":2678},[209,36185,36186,36192,36197,36201,36205],{},[212,36187,36188],{},[348,36189,4356,36190,4289],{"href":35561},[15,36191,35564],{},[212,36193,36194],{},[348,36195,36196],{"href":35957},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[212,36198,36199],{},[348,36200,35688],{"href":35687},[212,36202,36203],{},[348,36204,35694],{"href":35693},[212,36206,36207],{},[348,36208,4356,36209,4289],{"href":35345},[15,36210,3085],{},[20,36212,36213,36214,36216,36217,36219],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36215,34847],{}," together with ",[15,36218,35564],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2711,36221,36222],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":36224},[36225,36226,36228,36233,36238,36240,36241,36247,36252,36259,36260,36270],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":35024,"depth":106,"text":36227},"What dir() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":36229},[36230,36232],{"id":35077,"depth":113,"text":36231},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35133,"depth":113,"text":34919},{"id":35201,"depth":106,"text":36234,"children":36235},"Using dir() with a value",[36236,36237],{"id":35213,"depth":113,"text":35214},{"id":35274,"depth":113,"text":35275},{"id":35354,"depth":106,"text":36239},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35454,"depth":106,"text":35455},{"id":35600,"depth":106,"text":36242,"children":36243},"dir() on modules",[36244,36246],{"id":35614,"depth":113,"text":36245},"Example: math module",{"id":35697,"depth":113,"text":35698},{"id":35747,"depth":106,"text":36248,"children":36249},"dir() vs help()",[36250,36251],{"id":34908,"depth":113,"text":34847},{"id":32687,"depth":113,"text":35564},{"id":25888,"depth":106,"text":25889,"children":36253},[36254,36256,36257,36258],{"id":35853,"depth":113,"text":36255},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35874,"depth":113,"text":35875},{"id":35884,"depth":113,"text":35885},{"id":35914,"depth":113,"text":35915},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":36261},[36262,36264,36266,36268],{"id":36137,"depth":113,"text":36263},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36145,"depth":113,"text":36265},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36160,"depth":113,"text":36267},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36170,"depth":113,"text":36269},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34839,"description":36271},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36278,"title":36279,"body":36280,"description":38100,"extension":2749,"meta":38101,"navigation":109,"path":38102,"seo":38103,"stem":38104,"__hash__":38105},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36281,"toc":38069},[36282,36288,36293,36296,36304,36310,36312,36392,36394,36420,36425,36430,36435,36438,36449,36452,36454,36533,36535,36561,36568,36570,36572,36597,36600,36613,36618,36620,36701,36703,36729,36738,36743,36751,36757,36764,36767,36769,36848,36851,36908,36910,36947,36953,36958,36963,36966,36980,36982,37085,37087,37130,37139,37149,37156,37162,37169,37252,37254,37277,37280,37283,37285,37289,37293,37296,37359,37382,37385,37389,37395,37397,37464,37467,37544,37549,37555,37558,37561,37607,37609,37633,37638,37642,37647,37653,37716,37719,37721,37724,37749,37752,37887,37889,37990,37992,37997,38000,38006,38016,38024,38029,38035,38041,38043,38066],[10,36283,4356,36285,4360],{"id":36284},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36286,36287],{},"enumerate()",[20,36289,36290,36292],{},[15,36291,36287],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36294,36295],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[209,36297,36298,36301],{},[212,36299,36300],{},"the item itself",[212,36302,36303],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36305,36306,36307,36309],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36308,36287],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[34,36311,37],{"id":36},[39,36313,36315],{"className":41,"code":36314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36316,36317,36349,36353,36376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36318,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36320,1119],{"class":54},[48,36322,59],{"class":58},[48,36324,4404],{"class":62},[48,36326,67],{"class":66},[48,36328,1137],{"class":70},[48,36330,67],{"class":66},[48,36332,87],{"class":62},[48,36334,79],{"class":66},[48,36336,18179],{"class":70},[48,36338,67],{"class":66},[48,36340,87],{"class":62},[48,36342,79],{"class":66},[48,36344,13848],{"class":70},[48,36346,67],{"class":66},[48,36348,1465],{"class":62},[48,36350,36351],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36352,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,36354,36355,36357,36360,36362,36365,36367,36370,36372,36374],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36356,117],{"class":116},[48,36358,36359],{"class":54}," index",[48,36361,87],{"class":62},[48,36363,36364],{"class":54}," color ",[48,36366,128],{"class":116},[48,36368,36369],{"class":147}," enumerate",[48,36371,151],{"class":62},[48,36373,1196],{"class":137},[48,36375,9109],{"class":62},[48,36377,36378,36380,36382,36385,36387,36390],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,36379,148],{"class":147},[48,36381,151],{"class":62},[48,36383,36384],{"class":137},"index",[48,36386,87],{"class":62},[48,36388,36389],{"class":137}," color",[48,36391,162],{"class":62},[20,36393,168],{},[39,36395,36397],{"className":41,"code":36396,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36398,36399,36406,36413],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36400,36401,36403],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36402,2904],{"class":99},[48,36404,36405],{"class":54}," red\n",[48,36407,36408,36410],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36409,3770],{"class":99},[48,36411,36412],{"class":54}," green\n",[48,36414,36415,36417],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36416,2842],{"class":99},[48,36418,36419],{"class":54}," blue\n",[20,36421,189,36422,36424],{},[15,36423,36287],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[34,36426,196,36428,199],{"id":36427},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36429,36287],{},[20,36431,36432,36434],{},[15,36433,36287],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36436,36437],{},"It is commonly used with:",[209,36439,36440,36442,36444,36446],{},[212,36441,6078],{},[212,36443,6081],{},[212,36445,6087],{},[212,36447,36448],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36450,36451],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36453,226],{},[39,36455,36457],{"className":41,"code":36456,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36458,36459,36493,36497,36518],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36460,36461,36463,36465,36467,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477,36480,36482,36484,36486,36489,36491],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36462,5776],{"class":54},[48,36464,59],{"class":58},[48,36466,4404],{"class":62},[48,36468,67],{"class":66},[48,36470,82],{"class":70},[48,36472,67],{"class":66},[48,36474,87],{"class":62},[48,36476,79],{"class":66},[48,36478,36479],{"class":70},"Ben",[48,36481,67],{"class":66},[48,36483,87],{"class":62},[48,36485,79],{"class":66},[48,36487,36488],{"class":70},"Cara",[48,36490,67],{"class":66},[48,36492,1465],{"class":62},[48,36494,36495],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36496,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,36498,36499,36501,36503,36505,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36500,117],{"class":116},[48,36502,36359],{"class":54},[48,36504,87],{"class":62},[48,36506,36507],{"class":54}," name ",[48,36509,128],{"class":116},[48,36511,36369],{"class":147},[48,36513,151],{"class":62},[48,36515,5818],{"class":137},[48,36517,9109],{"class":62},[48,36519,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36531],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,36521,148],{"class":147},[48,36523,151],{"class":62},[48,36525,36384],{"class":137},[48,36527,87],{"class":62},[48,36529,36530],{"class":137}," name",[48,36532,162],{"class":62},[20,36534,168],{},[39,36536,36538],{"className":41,"code":36537,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36539,36540,36547,36554],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36541,36542,36544],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36543,2904],{"class":99},[48,36545,36546],{"class":54}," Ana\n",[48,36548,36549,36551],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36550,3770],{"class":99},[48,36552,36553],{"class":54}," Ben\n",[48,36555,36556,36558],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36557,2842],{"class":99},[48,36559,36560],{"class":54}," Cara\n",[20,36562,36563,36564,134],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[348,36565,36567],{"href":36566},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[34,36569,360],{"id":359},[20,36571,2944],{},[39,36573,36575],{"className":41,"code":36574,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36576,36577],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36578,36579,36582,36584,36586,36588,36591,36593,36595],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36580,36581],{"class":147},"enumerate",[48,36583,151],{"class":62},[48,36585,4502],{"class":137},[48,36587,87],{"class":62},[48,36589,36590],{"class":9941}," start",[48,36592,59],{"class":58},[48,36594,2904],{"class":99},[48,36596,162],{"class":62},[20,36598,36599],{},"It has two parts:",[209,36601,36602,36607],{},[212,36603,36604,36606],{},[15,36605,4502],{},": the object you want to loop through",[212,36608,36609,36612],{},[15,36610,36611],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36614,36615,36616,134],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36617,2904],{},[20,36619,226],{},[39,36621,36623],{"className":41,"code":36622,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36624,36625,36658,36662,36685],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36626,36627,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36628,36629],{"class":54},"letters ",[48,36631,59],{"class":58},[48,36633,4404],{"class":62},[48,36635,67],{"class":66},[48,36637,348],{"class":70},[48,36639,67],{"class":66},[48,36641,87],{"class":62},[48,36643,79],{"class":66},[48,36645,2059],{"class":70},[48,36647,67],{"class":66},[48,36649,87],{"class":62},[48,36651,79],{"class":66},[48,36653,2265],{"class":70},[48,36655,67],{"class":66},[48,36657,1465],{"class":62},[48,36659,36660],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36661,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,36663,36664,36666,36669,36671,36674,36676,36678,36680,36683],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36665,117],{"class":116},[48,36667,36668],{"class":54}," i",[48,36670,87],{"class":62},[48,36672,36673],{"class":54}," letter ",[48,36675,128],{"class":116},[48,36677,36369],{"class":147},[48,36679,151],{"class":62},[48,36681,36682],{"class":137},"letters",[48,36684,9109],{"class":62},[48,36686,36687,36689,36691,36694,36696,36699],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,36688,148],{"class":147},[48,36690,151],{"class":62},[48,36692,36693],{"class":137},"i",[48,36695,87],{"class":62},[48,36697,36698],{"class":137}," letter",[48,36700,162],{"class":62},[20,36702,168],{},[39,36704,36706],{"className":41,"code":36705,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36707,36708,36715,36722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36709,36710,36712],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36711,2904],{"class":99},[48,36713,36714],{"class":54}," a\n",[48,36716,36717,36719],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36718,3770],{"class":99},[48,36720,36721],{"class":54}," b\n",[48,36723,36724,36726],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36725,2842],{"class":99},[48,36727,36728],{"class":54}," c\n",[20,36730,36731,36732,134],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[348,36733,4356,36735,4289],{"href":36734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36736,36737],{},"range()",[34,36739,196,36741,12453],{"id":36740},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36742,36287],{},[20,36744,36745,36747,36748,134],{},[15,36746,36287],{}," returns an ",[166,36749,36750],{},"enumerate object",[20,36752,36753,36754,36756],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36755,117],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[209,36758,36759],{},[212,36760,36761],{},[15,36762,36763],{},"(index, item)",[20,36765,36766],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36768,226],{},[39,36770,36772],{"className":41,"code":36771,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36773,36774,36807,36811,36833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36775,36776,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36777,36778],{"class":54},"fruits ",[48,36780,59],{"class":58},[48,36782,4404],{"class":62},[48,36784,67],{"class":66},[48,36786,1128],{"class":70},[48,36788,67],{"class":66},[48,36790,87],{"class":62},[48,36792,79],{"class":66},[48,36794,1146],{"class":70},[48,36796,67],{"class":66},[48,36798,87],{"class":62},[48,36800,79],{"class":66},[48,36802,33756],{"class":70},[48,36804,67],{"class":66},[48,36806,1465],{"class":62},[48,36808,36809],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36810,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,36812,36813,36815,36817,36819,36822,36824,36826,36828,36831],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36814,117],{"class":116},[48,36816,36359],{"class":54},[48,36818,87],{"class":62},[48,36820,36821],{"class":54}," fruit ",[48,36823,128],{"class":116},[48,36825,36369],{"class":147},[48,36827,151],{"class":62},[48,36829,36830],{"class":137},"fruits",[48,36832,9109],{"class":62},[48,36834,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843,36846],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,36836,148],{"class":147},[48,36838,151],{"class":62},[48,36840,36384],{"class":137},[48,36842,87],{"class":62},[48,36844,36845],{"class":137}," fruit",[48,36847,162],{"class":62},[20,36849,36850],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[39,36852,36854],{"className":41,"code":36853,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36855,36856,36876,36880,36898],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36857,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36859,2232],{"class":54},[48,36861,59],{"class":58},[48,36863,4404],{"class":62},[48,36865,3114],{"class":99},[48,36867,87],{"class":62},[48,36869,2506],{"class":99},[48,36871,87],{"class":62},[48,36873,8564],{"class":99},[48,36875,1465],{"class":62},[48,36877,36878],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,36879,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,36881,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,36883,449],{"class":54},[48,36885,59],{"class":58},[48,36887,1191],{"class":281},[48,36889,151],{"class":62},[48,36891,36581],{"class":147},[48,36893,151],{"class":62},[48,36895,2411],{"class":137},[48,36897,670],{"class":62},[48,36899,36900,36902,36904,36906],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,36901,276],{"class":147},[48,36903,151],{"class":62},[48,36905,474],{"class":137},[48,36907,162],{"class":62},[20,36909,168],{},[39,36911,36913],{"className":41,"code":36912,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36914,36915],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36916,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36918,308],{"class":62},[48,36920,2904],{"class":99},[48,36922,87],{"class":62},[48,36924,2493],{"class":99},[48,36926,327],{"class":62},[48,36928,330],{"class":62},[48,36930,3770],{"class":99},[48,36932,87],{"class":62},[48,36934,2506],{"class":99},[48,36936,327],{"class":62},[48,36938,330],{"class":62},[48,36940,2842],{"class":99},[48,36942,87],{"class":62},[48,36944,8564],{"class":99},[48,36946,343],{"class":62},[20,36948,36949,36950,36952],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36951,36287],{}," produces.",[34,36954,1545,36956],{"id":36955},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36957,36287],{},[20,36959,189,36960,36962],{},[15,36961,36287],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36964,36965],{},"Common cases:",[209,36967,36968,36971,36974,36977],{},[212,36969,36970],{},"printing numbered output",[212,36972,36973],{},"building menus",[212,36975,36976],{},"showing positions in a list",[212,36978,36979],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36981,226],{},[39,36983,36985],{"className":41,"code":36984,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36986,36987,37022,37026,37056],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36988,36989,36991,36993,36995,36997,37000,37002,37004,37006,37009,37011,37013,37015,37018,37020],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36990,30431],{"class":54},[48,36992,59],{"class":58},[48,36994,4404],{"class":62},[48,36996,67],{"class":66},[48,36998,36999],{"class":70},"Wash dishes",[48,37001,67],{"class":66},[48,37003,87],{"class":62},[48,37005,79],{"class":66},[48,37007,37008],{"class":70},"Study Python",[48,37010,67],{"class":66},[48,37012,87],{"class":62},[48,37014,79],{"class":66},[48,37016,37017],{"class":70},"Go for a walk",[48,37019,67],{"class":66},[48,37021,1465],{"class":62},[48,37023,37024],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37025,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,37027,37028,37030,37032,37034,37037,37039,37041,37043,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37029,117],{"class":116},[48,37031,2981],{"class":54},[48,37033,87],{"class":62},[48,37035,37036],{"class":54}," task ",[48,37038,128],{"class":116},[48,37040,36369],{"class":147},[48,37042,151],{"class":62},[48,37044,37045],{"class":137},"tasks",[48,37047,87],{"class":62},[48,37049,36590],{"class":9941},[48,37051,59],{"class":58},[48,37053,3770],{"class":99},[48,37055,9109],{"class":62},[48,37057,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076,37079,37081,37083],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,37059,148],{"class":147},[48,37061,151],{"class":62},[48,37063,916],{"class":915},[48,37065,67],{"class":70},[48,37067,537],{"class":99},[48,37069,3023],{"class":137},[48,37071,925],{"class":99},[48,37073,28846],{"class":70},[48,37075,537],{"class":99},[48,37077,37078],{"class":137},"task",[48,37080,925],{"class":99},[48,37082,67],{"class":70},[48,37084,162],{"class":62},[20,37086,168],{},[39,37088,37090],{"className":41,"code":37089,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,37091,37092,37104,37116],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37093,37094,37096,37098,37101],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37095,3770],{"class":99},[48,37097,134],{"class":62},[48,37099,37100],{"class":25281}," Wash",[48,37102,37103],{"class":54}," dishes\n",[48,37105,37106,37108,37110,37113],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37107,2842],{"class":99},[48,37109,134],{"class":62},[48,37111,37112],{"class":25281}," Study",[48,37114,37115],{"class":54}," Python\n",[48,37117,37118,37120,37122,37125,37127],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37119,2848],{"class":99},[48,37121,134],{"class":62},[48,37123,37124],{"class":25281}," Go",[48,37126,4659],{"class":116},[48,37128,37129],{"class":54}," a walk\n",[20,37131,37132,37133,37135,37136,134],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,37134,36287],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37137,37138],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37140,37141,37142,134],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[348,37143,37145,37146,37148],{"href":37144},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,37147,36287],{}," in Python",[34,37150,37152,37153,37155],{"id":37151},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37154,36611],{}," argument",[20,37157,37158,37159,37161],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37160,36611],{}," argument.",[20,37163,37164,37165,11844,37167,76],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37166,3770],{},[15,37168,2904],{},[39,37170,37172],{"className":41,"code":37171,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37173,37174,37206,37210,37238],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37175,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37177,1119],{"class":54},[48,37179,59],{"class":58},[48,37181,4404],{"class":62},[48,37183,67],{"class":66},[48,37185,1137],{"class":70},[48,37187,67],{"class":66},[48,37189,87],{"class":62},[48,37191,79],{"class":66},[48,37193,18179],{"class":70},[48,37195,67],{"class":66},[48,37197,87],{"class":62},[48,37199,79],{"class":66},[48,37201,13848],{"class":70},[48,37203,67],{"class":66},[48,37205,1465],{"class":62},[48,37207,37208],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37209,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,37211,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37213,117],{"class":116},[48,37215,36359],{"class":54},[48,37217,87],{"class":62},[48,37219,36364],{"class":54},[48,37221,128],{"class":116},[48,37223,36369],{"class":147},[48,37225,151],{"class":62},[48,37227,1196],{"class":137},[48,37229,87],{"class":62},[48,37231,36590],{"class":9941},[48,37233,59],{"class":58},[48,37235,3770],{"class":99},[48,37237,9109],{"class":62},[48,37239,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,37241,148],{"class":147},[48,37243,151],{"class":62},[48,37245,36384],{"class":137},[48,37247,87],{"class":62},[48,37249,36389],{"class":137},[48,37251,162],{"class":62},[20,37253,168],{},[39,37255,37257],{"className":41,"code":37256,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37258,37259,37265,37271],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37260,37261,37263],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37262,3770],{"class":99},[48,37264,36405],{"class":54},[48,37266,37267,37269],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37268,2842],{"class":99},[48,37270,36412],{"class":54},[48,37272,37273,37275],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37274,2848],{"class":99},[48,37276,36419],{"class":54},[20,37278,37279],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37281,37282],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[34,37284,25889],{"id":25888},[20,37286,25892,37287,134],{},[15,37288,36287],{},[1752,37290,37292],{"id":37291},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37294,37295],{},"In this loop:",[39,37297,37299],{"className":41,"code":37298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37300,37301,37321,37325,37345],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37302,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37304,2232],{"class":54},[48,37306,59],{"class":58},[48,37308,4404],{"class":62},[48,37310,3114],{"class":99},[48,37312,87],{"class":62},[48,37314,2506],{"class":99},[48,37316,87],{"class":62},[48,37318,8564],{"class":99},[48,37320,1465],{"class":62},[48,37322,37323],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37324,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,37326,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37328,117],{"class":116},[48,37330,36359],{"class":54},[48,37332,87],{"class":62},[48,37334,125],{"class":54},[48,37336,128],{"class":116},[48,37338,36369],{"class":147},[48,37340,151],{"class":62},[48,37342,2411],{"class":137},[48,37344,9109],{"class":62},[48,37346,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,37348,148],{"class":147},[48,37350,151],{"class":62},[48,37352,36384],{"class":137},[48,37354,87],{"class":62},[48,37356,159],{"class":137},[48,37358,162],{"class":62},[209,37360,37361,37371],{},[212,37362,37363,5565,37365,2973,37367,2973,37369],{},[15,37364,36384],{},[15,37366,2904],{},[15,37368,3770],{},[15,37370,2842],{},[212,37372,37373,5565,37375,2973,37377,2973,37379],{},[15,37374,933],{},[15,37376,3114],{},[15,37378,16483],{},[15,37380,37381],{},"30",[20,37383,37384],{},"These are different things.",[1752,37386,37388],{"id":37387},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37390,37391,37392,37394],{},"Each item from ",[15,37393,36287],{}," is a pair.",[20,37396,1771],{},[39,37398,37400],{"className":41,"code":37399,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37401,37402,37426,37430,37450],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37403,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37405,8549],{"class":54},[48,37407,59],{"class":58},[48,37409,4404],{"class":62},[48,37411,67],{"class":66},[48,37413,611],{"class":70},[48,37415,67],{"class":66},[48,37417,87],{"class":62},[48,37419,79],{"class":66},[48,37421,625],{"class":70},[48,37423,67],{"class":66},[48,37425,1465],{"class":62},[48,37427,37428],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37429,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,37431,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37433,117],{"class":116},[48,37435,36668],{"class":54},[48,37437,87],{"class":62},[48,37439,1948],{"class":54},[48,37441,128],{"class":116},[48,37443,36369],{"class":147},[48,37445,151],{"class":62},[48,37447,138],{"class":137},[48,37449,9109],{"class":62},[48,37451,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,37453,148],{"class":147},[48,37455,151],{"class":62},[48,37457,36693],{"class":137},[48,37459,87],{"class":62},[48,37461,30040],{"class":137},[48,37463,162],{"class":62},[20,37465,37466],{},"But this causes an error:",[39,37468,37470],{"className":41,"code":37469,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37471,37472,37496,37500,37525],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37473,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37475,8549],{"class":54},[48,37477,59],{"class":58},[48,37479,4404],{"class":62},[48,37481,67],{"class":66},[48,37483,611],{"class":70},[48,37485,67],{"class":66},[48,37487,87],{"class":62},[48,37489,79],{"class":66},[48,37491,625],{"class":70},[48,37493,67],{"class":66},[48,37495,1465],{"class":62},[48,37497,37498],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37499,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,37501,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37503,117],{"class":116},[48,37505,36668],{"class":54},[48,37507,87],{"class":62},[48,37509,30040],{"class":54},[48,37511,87],{"class":62},[48,37513,37514],{"class":54}," extra ",[48,37516,128],{"class":116},[48,37518,36369],{"class":147},[48,37520,151],{"class":62},[48,37522,138],{"class":137},[48,37524,9109],{"class":62},[48,37526,37527,37529,37531,37533,37535,37537,37539,37542],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,37528,148],{"class":147},[48,37530,151],{"class":62},[48,37532,36693],{"class":137},[48,37534,87],{"class":62},[48,37536,30040],{"class":137},[48,37538,87],{"class":62},[48,37540,37541],{"class":137}," extra",[48,37543,162],{"class":62},[20,37545,29594,37546,37548],{},[15,37547,36287],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1752,37550,37552,37554],{"id":37551},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37553,36287],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37556,37557],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37559,37560],{},"Example with a string:",[39,37562,37564],{"className":41,"code":37563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37565,37566,37592],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37567,37568,37570,37572,37574,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585,37588,37590],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37569,117],{"class":116},[48,37571,36359],{"class":54},[48,37573,87],{"class":62},[48,37575,37576],{"class":54}," char ",[48,37578,128],{"class":116},[48,37580,36369],{"class":147},[48,37582,151],{"class":62},[48,37584,67],{"class":66},[48,37586,37587],{"class":70},"cat",[48,37589,67],{"class":66},[48,37591,9109],{"class":62},[48,37593,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37605],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37595,148],{"class":147},[48,37597,151],{"class":62},[48,37599,36384],{"class":137},[48,37601,87],{"class":62},[48,37603,37604],{"class":137}," char",[48,37606,162],{"class":62},[20,37608,168],{},[39,37610,37612],{"className":41,"code":37611,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37613,37614,37620,37626],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37615,37616,37618],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37617,2904],{"class":99},[48,37619,36728],{"class":54},[48,37621,37622,37624],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37623,3770],{"class":99},[48,37625,36714],{"class":54},[48,37627,37628,37630],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37629,2842],{"class":99},[48,37631,37632],{"class":54}," t\n",[20,37634,37635,37636,134],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[348,37637,5914],{"href":6363},[1752,37639,37641],{"id":37640},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37643,37644,37645,134],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37646,36287],{},[20,37648,37649,37650,37652],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37651,117],{}," loop:",[39,37654,37656],{"className":41,"code":37655,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37657,37658,37690,37694,37706],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37659,37660,37662,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37661,1119],{"class":54},[48,37663,59],{"class":58},[48,37665,4404],{"class":62},[48,37667,67],{"class":66},[48,37669,1137],{"class":70},[48,37671,67],{"class":66},[48,37673,87],{"class":62},[48,37675,79],{"class":66},[48,37677,18179],{"class":70},[48,37679,67],{"class":66},[48,37681,87],{"class":62},[48,37683,79],{"class":66},[48,37685,13848],{"class":70},[48,37687,67],{"class":66},[48,37689,1465],{"class":62},[48,37691,37692],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37693,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,37695,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37697,117],{"class":116},[48,37699,36364],{"class":54},[48,37701,128],{"class":116},[48,37703,13862],{"class":54},[48,37705,1053],{"class":62},[48,37707,37708,37710,37712,37714],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,37709,148],{"class":147},[48,37711,151],{"class":62},[48,37713,33426],{"class":137},[48,37715,162],{"class":62},[20,37717,37718],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[34,37720,1745],{"id":1744},[20,37722,37723],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[209,37725,37726,37731,37737,37742],{},[212,37727,1755,37728,37730],{},[15,37729,36287],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[212,37732,37733,37734,37736],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37735,2904],{}," by default",[212,37738,9185,37739,37741],{},[15,37740,36287],{}," when only values are needed",[212,37743,37744,37745,9471,37747],{},"Confusing ",[15,37746,36287],{},[15,37748,36737],{},[20,37750,37751],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[39,37753,37755],{"className":41,"code":37754,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37756,37757,37779,37806,37840,37873],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37758,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775,37777],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37760,276],{"class":147},[48,37762,151],{"class":62},[48,37764,36581],{"class":147},[48,37766,3767],{"class":62},[48,37768,3114],{"class":99},[48,37770,87],{"class":62},[48,37772,2506],{"class":99},[48,37774,87],{"class":62},[48,37776,8564],{"class":99},[48,37778,3781],{"class":62},[48,37780,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37782,276],{"class":147},[48,37784,151],{"class":62},[48,37786,282],{"class":281},[48,37788,151],{"class":62},[48,37790,36581],{"class":147},[48,37792,3767],{"class":62},[48,37794,3114],{"class":99},[48,37796,87],{"class":62},[48,37798,2506],{"class":99},[48,37800,87],{"class":62},[48,37802,8564],{"class":99},[48,37804,37805],{"class":62},"])))\n",[48,37807,37808,37810,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37809,276],{"class":147},[48,37811,151],{"class":62},[48,37813,282],{"class":281},[48,37815,151],{"class":62},[48,37817,36581],{"class":147},[48,37819,3767],{"class":62},[48,37821,3114],{"class":99},[48,37823,87],{"class":62},[48,37825,2506],{"class":99},[48,37827,87],{"class":62},[48,37829,8564],{"class":99},[48,37831,18785],{"class":62},[48,37833,36590],{"class":9941},[48,37835,59],{"class":58},[48,37837,3770],{"class":99},[48,37839,3693],{"class":62},[48,37841,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,37843,117],{"class":116},[48,37845,36668],{"class":54},[48,37847,87],{"class":62},[48,37849,125],{"class":54},[48,37851,128],{"class":116},[48,37853,36369],{"class":147},[48,37855,3767],{"class":62},[48,37857,311],{"class":66},[48,37859,348],{"class":70},[48,37861,311],{"class":66},[48,37863,87],{"class":62},[48,37865,320],{"class":66},[48,37867,2059],{"class":70},[48,37869,311],{"class":66},[48,37871,37872],{"class":62},"]):\n",[48,37874,37875,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,37876,148],{"class":147},[48,37878,151],{"class":62},[48,37880,36693],{"class":137},[48,37882,87],{"class":62},[48,37884,159],{"class":137},[48,37886,162],{"class":62},[20,37888,17686],{},[39,37890,37892],{"className":41,"code":37891,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37893,37894,37914,37946,37978,37984],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37895,37896,37898,37900,37902,37905,37909,37912],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37897,2168],{"class":58},[48,37899,36581],{"class":147},[48,37901,25148],{"class":281},[48,37903,37904],{"class":54}," at ",[48,37906,37908],{"class":37907},"srjyR","0x",[48,37910,37911],{"class":34989},"...",[48,37913,2180],{"class":58},[48,37915,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,37917,308],{"class":62},[48,37919,2904],{"class":99},[48,37921,87],{"class":62},[48,37923,2493],{"class":99},[48,37925,327],{"class":62},[48,37927,330],{"class":62},[48,37929,3770],{"class":99},[48,37931,87],{"class":62},[48,37933,2506],{"class":99},[48,37935,327],{"class":62},[48,37937,330],{"class":62},[48,37939,2842],{"class":99},[48,37941,87],{"class":62},[48,37943,8564],{"class":99},[48,37945,343],{"class":62},[48,37947,37948,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,37949,308],{"class":62},[48,37951,3770],{"class":99},[48,37953,87],{"class":62},[48,37955,2493],{"class":99},[48,37957,327],{"class":62},[48,37959,330],{"class":62},[48,37961,2842],{"class":99},[48,37963,87],{"class":62},[48,37965,2506],{"class":99},[48,37967,327],{"class":62},[48,37969,330],{"class":62},[48,37971,2848],{"class":99},[48,37973,87],{"class":62},[48,37975,8564],{"class":99},[48,37977,343],{"class":62},[48,37979,37980,37982],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,37981,2904],{"class":99},[48,37983,36714],{"class":54},[48,37985,37986,37988],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,37987,3770],{"class":99},[48,37989,36721],{"class":54},[34,37991,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,37993,5920,37995,2596],{"id":37994},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37996,36287],{},[20,37998,37999],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1752,38001,2606,38003,38005],{"id":38002},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,38004,36287],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,38007,38008,38009,38011,38012,38015],{},"It starts at ",[15,38010,2904],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,38013,38014],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1752,38017,22138,38019,11844,38021,2623],{"id":38018},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,38020,36287],{},[15,38022,38023],{},"range(len(list))",[20,38025,37132,38026,38028],{},[15,38027,36287],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1752,38030,5947,38032,38034],{"id":38031},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,38033,36287],{}," be used with strings?",[20,38036,38037,38038,38040],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,38039,36287],{}," can return each character with its index.",[34,38042,2679],{"id":2678},[209,38044,38045,38049,38055,38062],{},[212,38046,38047],{},[348,38048,36567],{"href":36566},[212,38050,38051],{},[348,38052,4356,38053,4289],{"href":36734},[15,38054,36737],{},[212,38056,38057],{},[348,38058,38059,38060,37148],{"href":37144},"How to use ",[15,38061,36287],{},[212,38063,38064],{},[348,38065,5994],{"href":6363},[2711,38067,38068],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":38070},[38071,38072,38074,38075,38077,38079,38081,38088,38089,38099],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":36427,"depth":106,"text":38073},"What enumerate() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":36740,"depth":106,"text":38076},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36955,"depth":106,"text":38078},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37151,"depth":106,"text":38080},"Using the start argument",{"id":25888,"depth":106,"text":25889,"children":38082},[38083,38084,38085,38087],{"id":37291,"depth":113,"text":37292},{"id":37387,"depth":113,"text":37388},{"id":37551,"depth":113,"text":38086},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37640,"depth":113,"text":37641},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":38090},[38091,38093,38095,38097],{"id":37994,"depth":113,"text":38092},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":38002,"depth":113,"text":38094},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":38018,"depth":113,"text":38096},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38031,"depth":113,"text":38098},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36279,"description":38100},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38107,"title":38108,"body":38109,"description":40625,"extension":2749,"meta":40626,"navigation":109,"path":40627,"seo":40628,"stem":40629,"__hash__":40630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38110,"toc":40582},[38111,38117,38122,38125,38133,38147,38149,38240,38248,38253,38258,38260,38276,38278,38357,38359,38376,38382,38386,38388,38409,38413,38416,38428,38432,38435,38438,38455,38458,38534,38536,38553,38558,38562,38570,38573,38588,38590,38679,38681,38726,38729,38733,38736,38815,38817,38839,38842,38849,38854,38857,38960,38962,38987,38990,38997,39003,39008,39011,39022,39128,39130,39151,39159,39166,39172,39191,39196,39199,39218,39220,39305,39307,39336,39339,39344,39349,39352,39363,39365,39454,39456,39476,39482,39588,39590,39610,39613,39697,39699,39719,39726,39728,39732,39738,39741,39798,39801,39804,39865,39874,39877,39880,39908,39911,39971,39973,39990,39994,39997,40075,40077,40097,40100,40175,40179,40182,40184,40193,40198,40200,40251,40259,40271,40276,40337,40339,40356,40360,40423,40425,40450,40458,40460,40466,40472,40479,40487,40493,40496,40503,40513,40519,40525,40528,40545,40551,40553,40579],[10,38112,4356,38114,4360],{"id":38113},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,38115,38116],{},"filter()",[20,38118,38119,38121],{},[15,38120,38116],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,38123,38124],{},"It takes:",[209,38126,38127,38130],{},[212,38128,38129],{},"a function that checks each item",[212,38131,38132],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,38134,38135,38136,38139,38140,38143,38144,38146],{},"The result is ",[166,38137,38138],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,38141,38142],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,38145,25312],{}," to see the values.",[34,38148,37],{"id":36},[39,38150,38152],{"className":41,"code":38151,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38153,38154,38187,38223],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38155,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166,38168,38170,38172,38174,38176,38178,38180,38182,38185],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38157,2232],{"class":54},[48,38159,59],{"class":58},[48,38161,4404],{"class":62},[48,38163,3770],{"class":99},[48,38165,87],{"class":62},[48,38167,632],{"class":99},[48,38169,87],{"class":62},[48,38171,800],{"class":99},[48,38173,87],{"class":62},[48,38175,3241],{"class":99},[48,38177,87],{"class":62},[48,38179,5387],{"class":99},[48,38181,87],{"class":62},[48,38183,38184],{"class":99}," 6",[48,38186,1465],{"class":62},[48,38188,38189,38191,38193,38196,38198,38201,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,38190,449],{"class":54},[48,38192,59],{"class":58},[48,38194,38195],{"class":147}," filter",[48,38197,151],{"class":62},[48,38199,38200],{"class":915},"lambda",[48,38202,38204],{"class":38203},"sFwrP"," x",[48,38206,76],{"class":62},[48,38208,4662],{"class":137},[48,38210,7176],{"class":58},[48,38212,632],{"class":99},[48,38214,7181],{"class":58},[48,38216,4616],{"class":99},[48,38218,87],{"class":62},[48,38220,2292],{"class":137},[48,38222,162],{"class":62},[48,38224,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,38226,276],{"class":147},[48,38228,151],{"class":62},[48,38230,282],{"class":281},[48,38232,151],{"class":62},[48,38234,474],{"class":137},[48,38236,6139],{"class":62},[48,38238,38239],{"class":4445},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,38241,38242,38244,38245,38247],{},[15,38243,38116],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38246,25312],{}," to see the results.",[34,38249,196,38251,199],{"id":38250},"what-filter-does",[15,38252,38116],{},[20,38254,38255,38257],{},[15,38256,38116],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,38259,579],{},[209,38261,38262,38265,38271],{},[212,38263,38264],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[212,38266,38267,38268,38270],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38269,4385],{},", the item is kept",[212,38272,38267,38273,38275],{},[15,38274,4456],{},", the item is removed",[20,38277,226],{},[39,38279,38281],{"className":41,"code":38280,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38282,38283,38311,38315,38343],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38284,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38286,2232],{"class":54},[48,38288,59],{"class":58},[48,38290,4404],{"class":62},[48,38292,3770],{"class":99},[48,38294,87],{"class":62},[48,38296,632],{"class":99},[48,38298,87],{"class":62},[48,38300,800],{"class":99},[48,38302,87],{"class":62},[48,38304,3241],{"class":99},[48,38306,87],{"class":62},[48,38308,5387],{"class":99},[48,38310,1465],{"class":62},[48,38312,38313],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,38314,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,38316,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,38318,449],{"class":54},[48,38320,59],{"class":58},[48,38322,38195],{"class":147},[48,38324,151],{"class":62},[48,38326,38200],{"class":915},[48,38328,38204],{"class":38203},[48,38330,76],{"class":62},[48,38332,4662],{"class":137},[48,38334,5033],{"class":58},[48,38336,800],{"class":99},[48,38338,87],{"class":62},[48,38340,2292],{"class":137},[48,38342,162],{"class":62},[48,38344,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,38346,276],{"class":147},[48,38348,151],{"class":62},[48,38350,282],{"class":281},[48,38352,151],{"class":62},[48,38354,474],{"class":137},[48,38356,670],{"class":62},[20,38358,168],{},[39,38360,38362],{"className":41,"code":38361,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38363,38364],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38365,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38367,682],{"class":62},[48,38369,3288],{"class":99},[48,38371,87],{"class":62},[48,38373,5387],{"class":99},[48,38375,1465],{"class":62},[20,38377,38378,38379,38381],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38380,2848],{}," are kept.",[34,38383,38385],{"id":38384},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38387,2944],{},[39,38389,38391],{"className":41,"code":38390,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38392,38393],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38394,38395,38397,38399,38402,38404,38407],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38396,38142],{"class":147},[48,38398,151],{"class":62},[48,38400,38401],{"class":137},"function",[48,38403,87],{"class":62},[48,38405,38406],{"class":137}," iterable",[48,38408,162],{"class":62},[1752,38410,38411],{"id":38401},[15,38412,38401],{},[20,38414,38415],{},"This is the test function.",[209,38417,38418,38421],{},[212,38419,38420],{},"It receives one item at a time",[212,38422,38423,38424,352,38426],{},"It should return ",[15,38425,4385],{},[15,38427,4456],{},[1752,38429,38430],{"id":4502},[15,38431,4502],{},[20,38433,38434],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38436,38437],{},"It can be:",[209,38439,38440,38443,38446,38449,38452],{},[212,38441,38442],{},"a list",[212,38444,38445],{},"a tuple",[212,38447,38448],{},"a string",[212,38450,38451],{},"a set",[212,38453,38454],{},"another iterable object",[20,38456,38457],{},"Example with a tuple:",[39,38459,38461],{"className":41,"code":38460,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38462,38463,38488,38492,38520],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38464,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38466,2232],{"class":54},[48,38468,59],{"class":58},[48,38470,330],{"class":62},[48,38472,3114],{"class":99},[48,38474,87],{"class":62},[48,38476,38477],{"class":99}," 15",[48,38479,87],{"class":62},[48,38481,2506],{"class":99},[48,38483,87],{"class":62},[48,38485,100],{"class":99},[48,38487,162],{"class":62},[48,38489,38490],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,38491,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,38493,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,38495,449],{"class":54},[48,38497,59],{"class":58},[48,38499,38195],{"class":147},[48,38501,151],{"class":62},[48,38503,38200],{"class":915},[48,38505,38204],{"class":38203},[48,38507,76],{"class":62},[48,38509,4662],{"class":137},[48,38511,5877],{"class":58},[48,38513,2506],{"class":99},[48,38515,87],{"class":62},[48,38517,2292],{"class":137},[48,38519,162],{"class":62},[48,38521,38522,38524,38526,38528,38530,38532],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,38523,276],{"class":147},[48,38525,151],{"class":62},[48,38527,282],{"class":281},[48,38529,151],{"class":62},[48,38531,474],{"class":137},[48,38533,670],{"class":62},[20,38535,168],{},[39,38537,38539],{"className":41,"code":38538,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38540,38541],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38542,38543,38545,38547,38549,38551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38544,682],{"class":62},[48,38546,16483],{"class":99},[48,38548,87],{"class":62},[48,38550,100],{"class":99},[48,38552,1465],{"class":62},[20,38554,38555,38556,134],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[348,38557,5914],{"href":6363},[34,38559,38561],{"id":38560},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38563,38564,38565,573,38567,134],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38566,38116],{},[166,38568,38569],{},"filter object",[20,38571,38572],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[209,38574,38575,38578,38583],{},[212,38576,38577],{},"loop through it",[212,38579,38580,38581],{},"convert it with ",[15,38582,25312],{},[212,38584,38580,38585],{},[15,38586,38587],{},"tuple()",[20,38589,226],{},[39,38591,38593],{"className":41,"code":38592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38594,38595,38637,38641,38651,38665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38596,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38598,449],{"class":54},[48,38600,59],{"class":58},[48,38602,38195],{"class":147},[48,38604,151],{"class":62},[48,38606,38200],{"class":915},[48,38608,38204],{"class":38203},[48,38610,76],{"class":62},[48,38612,4662],{"class":137},[48,38614,5033],{"class":58},[48,38616,632],{"class":99},[48,38618,87],{"class":62},[48,38620,4404],{"class":62},[48,38622,3770],{"class":99},[48,38624,87],{"class":62},[48,38626,632],{"class":99},[48,38628,87],{"class":62},[48,38630,800],{"class":99},[48,38632,87],{"class":62},[48,38634,3241],{"class":99},[48,38636,4670],{"class":62},[48,38638,38639],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,38640,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,38642,38643,38645,38647,38649],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,38644,276],{"class":147},[48,38646,151],{"class":62},[48,38648,474],{"class":137},[48,38650,162],{"class":62},[48,38652,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,38654,276],{"class":147},[48,38656,151],{"class":62},[48,38658,2094],{"class":281},[48,38660,151],{"class":62},[48,38662,474],{"class":137},[48,38664,670],{"class":62},[48,38666,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,38668,276],{"class":147},[48,38670,151],{"class":62},[48,38672,282],{"class":281},[48,38674,151],{"class":62},[48,38676,474],{"class":137},[48,38678,670],{"class":62},[20,38680,168],{},[39,38682,38684],{"className":41,"code":38683,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38685,38686,38700,38714],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38687,38688,38690,38692,38694,38696,38698],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38689,2168],{"class":58},[48,38691,38142],{"class":147},[48,38693,25148],{"class":281},[48,38695,37904],{"class":54},[48,38697,37911],{"class":34989},[48,38699,2180],{"class":58},[48,38701,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,38703,2168],{"class":58},[48,38705,2171],{"class":915},[48,38707,320],{"class":66},[48,38709,38142],{"class":70},[48,38711,311],{"class":66},[48,38713,2180],{"class":58},[48,38715,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,38717,682],{"class":62},[48,38719,2848],{"class":99},[48,38721,87],{"class":62},[48,38723,3241],{"class":99},[48,38725,1465],{"class":62},[20,38727,38728],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1752,38730,38732],{"id":38731},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38734,38735],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[39,38737,38739],{"className":41,"code":38738,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38740,38741,38783,38787,38801],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38742,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38744,449],{"class":54},[48,38746,59],{"class":58},[48,38748,38195],{"class":147},[48,38750,151],{"class":62},[48,38752,38200],{"class":915},[48,38754,38204],{"class":38203},[48,38756,76],{"class":62},[48,38758,4662],{"class":137},[48,38760,5033],{"class":58},[48,38762,632],{"class":99},[48,38764,87],{"class":62},[48,38766,4404],{"class":62},[48,38768,3770],{"class":99},[48,38770,87],{"class":62},[48,38772,632],{"class":99},[48,38774,87],{"class":62},[48,38776,800],{"class":99},[48,38778,87],{"class":62},[48,38780,3241],{"class":99},[48,38782,4670],{"class":62},[48,38784,38785],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,38786,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,38788,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,38790,276],{"class":147},[48,38792,151],{"class":62},[48,38794,282],{"class":281},[48,38796,151],{"class":62},[48,38798,474],{"class":137},[48,38800,670],{"class":62},[48,38802,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,38804,276],{"class":147},[48,38806,151],{"class":62},[48,38808,282],{"class":281},[48,38810,151],{"class":62},[48,38812,474],{"class":137},[48,38814,670],{"class":62},[20,38816,168],{},[39,38818,38820],{"className":41,"code":38819,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38821,38822,38834],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38823,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38825,682],{"class":62},[48,38827,2848],{"class":99},[48,38829,87],{"class":62},[48,38831,3241],{"class":99},[48,38833,1465],{"class":62},[48,38835,38836],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,38837,38838],{"class":62},"[]\n",[20,38840,38841],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[34,38843,9185,38845,9471,38847],{"id":38844},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38846,38116],{},[15,38848,38200],{},[20,38850,15917,38851,38853],{},[15,38852,38200],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38855,38856],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[39,38858,38860],{"className":41,"code":38859,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38861,38862,38904,38908,38946],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38863,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38900,38902],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38865,4852],{"class":54},[48,38867,59],{"class":58},[48,38869,4404],{"class":62},[48,38871,67],{"class":66},[48,38873,1128],{"class":70},[48,38875,67],{"class":66},[48,38877,87],{"class":62},[48,38879,79],{"class":66},[48,38881,38882],{"class":70},"kiwi",[48,38884,67],{"class":66},[48,38886,87],{"class":62},[48,38888,79],{"class":66},[48,38890,1146],{"class":70},[48,38892,67],{"class":66},[48,38894,87],{"class":62},[48,38896,79],{"class":66},[48,38898,38899],{"class":70},"fig",[48,38901,67],{"class":66},[48,38903,1465],{"class":62},[48,38905,38906],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,38907,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,38909,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38923,38925,38928,38930,38933,38935,38938,38940,38942,38944],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,38911,449],{"class":54},[48,38913,59],{"class":58},[48,38915,38195],{"class":147},[48,38917,151],{"class":62},[48,38919,38200],{"class":915},[48,38921,38922],{"class":38203}," word",[48,38924,76],{"class":62},[48,38926,38927],{"class":147}," len",[48,38929,151],{"class":62},[48,38931,38932],{"class":137},"word",[48,38934,4442],{"class":62},[48,38936,38937],{"class":58}," >",[48,38939,3241],{"class":99},[48,38941,87],{"class":62},[48,38943,6943],{"class":137},[48,38945,162],{"class":62},[48,38947,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,38949,276],{"class":147},[48,38951,151],{"class":62},[48,38953,282],{"class":281},[48,38955,151],{"class":62},[48,38957,474],{"class":137},[48,38959,670],{"class":62},[20,38961,168],{},[39,38963,38965],{"className":41,"code":38964,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38966,38967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38968,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983,38985],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38970,682],{"class":62},[48,38972,311],{"class":66},[48,38974,1128],{"class":70},[48,38976,311],{"class":66},[48,38978,87],{"class":62},[48,38980,320],{"class":66},[48,38982,1146],{"class":70},[48,38984,311],{"class":66},[48,38986,1465],{"class":62},[20,38988,38989],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38991,38992,38993,134],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[348,38994,38996],{"href":38995},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[34,38998,9185,39000,39002],{"id":38999},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,39001,38116],{}," with a named function",[20,39004,39005,39006,134],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,39007,38200],{},[20,39009,39010],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[209,39012,39013,39016,39019],{},[212,39014,39015],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[212,39017,39018],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[212,39020,39021],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[39,39023,39025],{"className":41,"code":39024,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39026,39027,39040,39055,39059,39091,39110,39114],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39028,39029,39031,39034,39036,39038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39030,35388],{"class":915},[48,39032,39033],{"class":35391}," is_even",[48,39035,151],{"class":62},[48,39037,3023],{"class":38203},[48,39039,9109],{"class":62},[48,39041,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39043,35399],{"class":116},[48,39045,7161],{"class":54},[48,39047,7176],{"class":58},[48,39049,632],{"class":99},[48,39051,7181],{"class":58},[48,39053,39054],{"class":99}," 0\n",[48,39056,39057],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,39058,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,39060,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,39062,2232],{"class":54},[48,39064,59],{"class":58},[48,39066,4404],{"class":62},[48,39068,3770],{"class":99},[48,39070,87],{"class":62},[48,39072,632],{"class":99},[48,39074,87],{"class":62},[48,39076,800],{"class":99},[48,39078,87],{"class":62},[48,39080,3241],{"class":99},[48,39082,87],{"class":62},[48,39084,5387],{"class":99},[48,39086,87],{"class":62},[48,39088,38184],{"class":99},[48,39090,1465],{"class":62},[48,39092,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39104,39106,39108],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,39094,449],{"class":54},[48,39096,59],{"class":58},[48,39098,38195],{"class":147},[48,39100,151],{"class":62},[48,39102,39103],{"class":137},"is_even",[48,39105,87],{"class":62},[48,39107,2292],{"class":137},[48,39109,162],{"class":62},[48,39111,39112],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,39113,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,39115,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,39117,276],{"class":147},[48,39119,151],{"class":62},[48,39121,282],{"class":281},[48,39123,151],{"class":62},[48,39125,474],{"class":137},[48,39127,670],{"class":62},[20,39129,168],{},[39,39131,39133],{"className":41,"code":39132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,39134,39135],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39136,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39138,682],{"class":62},[48,39140,2842],{"class":99},[48,39142,87],{"class":62},[48,39144,3241],{"class":99},[48,39146,87],{"class":62},[48,39148,38184],{"class":99},[48,39150,1465],{"class":62},[20,39152,21489,39153,3181,39156,39158],{},[15,39154,39155],{},"is_even()",[15,39157,4385],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[34,39160,9185,39162,9471,39164],{"id":39161},"using-none-with-filter",[15,39163,4560],{},[15,39165,38116],{},[20,39167,39168,39169,39171],{},"You can pass ",[15,39170,4560],{}," as the first argument:",[39,39173,39175],{"className":41,"code":39174,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,39176,39177],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39178,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39180,38142],{"class":147},[48,39182,151],{"class":62},[48,39184,4560],{"class":1642},[48,39186,87],{"class":62},[48,39188,38406],{"class":137},[48,39190,162],{"class":62},[20,39192,39193,39194,8109],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[166,39195,6373],{},[20,39197,39198],{},"Falsy values include:",[209,39200,39201,39205,39210,39214],{},[212,39202,39203],{},[15,39204,2904],{},[212,39206,39207,39209],{},[15,39208,4555],{}," (empty string)",[212,39211,39212],{},[15,39213,4560],{},[212,39215,39216],{},[15,39217,4456],{},[20,39219,226],{},[39,39221,39223],{"className":41,"code":39222,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39224,39225,39269,39273,39291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39226,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265,39267],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39228,8549],{"class":54},[48,39230,59],{"class":58},[48,39232,4404],{"class":62},[48,39234,2904],{"class":99},[48,39236,87],{"class":62},[48,39238,618],{"class":99},[48,39240,87],{"class":62},[48,39242,6901],{"class":66},[48,39244,87],{"class":62},[48,39246,79],{"class":66},[48,39248,4628],{"class":70},[48,39250,67],{"class":66},[48,39252,87],{"class":62},[48,39254,4635],{"class":1642},[48,39256,87],{"class":62},[48,39258,4697],{"class":1642},[48,39260,87],{"class":62},[48,39262,4688],{"class":1642},[48,39264,87],{"class":62},[48,39266,5387],{"class":99},[48,39268,1465],{"class":62},[48,39270,39271],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39272,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,39274,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,39276,449],{"class":54},[48,39278,59],{"class":58},[48,39280,38195],{"class":147},[48,39282,151],{"class":62},[48,39284,4560],{"class":1642},[48,39286,87],{"class":62},[48,39288,6741],{"class":137},[48,39290,162],{"class":62},[48,39292,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,39294,276],{"class":147},[48,39296,151],{"class":62},[48,39298,282],{"class":281},[48,39300,151],{"class":62},[48,39302,474],{"class":137},[48,39304,670],{"class":62},[20,39306,168],{},[39,39308,39310],{"className":41,"code":39309,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39311,39312],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39313,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39315,682],{"class":62},[48,39317,3770],{"class":99},[48,39319,87],{"class":62},[48,39321,320],{"class":66},[48,39323,4628],{"class":70},[48,39325,311],{"class":66},[48,39327,87],{"class":62},[48,39329,4697],{"class":1642},[48,39331,87],{"class":62},[48,39333,5387],{"class":99},[48,39335,1465],{"class":62},[20,39337,39338],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[34,39340,1545,39342],{"id":39341},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39343,38116],{},[20,39345,189,39346,39348],{},[15,39347,38116],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39350,39351],{},"It works well for:",[209,39353,39354,39357,39360],{},[212,39355,39356],{},"simple filtering rules",[212,39358,39359],{},"quick data cleaning",[212,39361,39362],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39364,226],{},[39,39366,39368],{"className":41,"code":39367,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39369,39370,39402,39435,39439],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39371,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39373,2232],{"class":54},[48,39375,59],{"class":58},[48,39377,4404],{"class":62},[48,39379,3770],{"class":99},[48,39381,87],{"class":62},[48,39383,632],{"class":99},[48,39385,87],{"class":62},[48,39387,800],{"class":99},[48,39389,87],{"class":62},[48,39391,3241],{"class":99},[48,39393,87],{"class":62},[48,39395,5387],{"class":99},[48,39397,87],{"class":62},[48,39399,38184],{"class":99},[48,39401,1465],{"class":62},[48,39403,39404,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39405,39406],{"class":54},"evens ",[48,39408,59],{"class":58},[48,39410,38195],{"class":147},[48,39412,151],{"class":62},[48,39414,38200],{"class":915},[48,39416,38204],{"class":38203},[48,39418,76],{"class":62},[48,39420,4662],{"class":137},[48,39422,7176],{"class":58},[48,39424,632],{"class":99},[48,39426,7181],{"class":58},[48,39428,4616],{"class":99},[48,39430,87],{"class":62},[48,39432,2292],{"class":137},[48,39434,162],{"class":62},[48,39436,39437],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,39438,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,39440,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39452],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,39442,276],{"class":147},[48,39444,151],{"class":62},[48,39446,282],{"class":281},[48,39448,151],{"class":62},[48,39450,39451],{"class":137},"evens",[48,39453,670],{"class":62},[20,39455,168],{},[39,39457,39458],{"className":41,"code":39132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,39459,39460],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39461,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39463,682],{"class":62},[48,39465,2842],{"class":99},[48,39467,87],{"class":62},[48,39469,3241],{"class":99},[48,39471,87],{"class":62},[48,39473,38184],{"class":99},[48,39475,1465],{"class":62},[20,39477,39478,39479,39481],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39480,117],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[39,39483,39485],{"className":41,"code":39484,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39486,39487,39519,39527,39531,39543,39559,39574,39578],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39488,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39490,2232],{"class":54},[48,39492,59],{"class":58},[48,39494,4404],{"class":62},[48,39496,3770],{"class":99},[48,39498,87],{"class":62},[48,39500,632],{"class":99},[48,39502,87],{"class":62},[48,39504,800],{"class":99},[48,39506,87],{"class":62},[48,39508,3241],{"class":99},[48,39510,87],{"class":62},[48,39512,5387],{"class":99},[48,39514,87],{"class":62},[48,39516,38184],{"class":99},[48,39518,1465],{"class":62},[48,39520,39521,39523,39525],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39522,39406],{"class":54},[48,39524,59],{"class":58},[48,39526,8607],{"class":62},[48,39528,39529],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,39530,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,39532,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,39534,117],{"class":116},[48,39536,7161],{"class":54},[48,39538,128],{"class":116},[48,39540,2292],{"class":54},[48,39542,1053],{"class":62},[48,39544,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,39546,2303],{"class":116},[48,39548,7161],{"class":54},[48,39550,7176],{"class":58},[48,39552,632],{"class":99},[48,39554,7181],{"class":58},[48,39556,4616],{"class":99},[48,39558,1053],{"class":62},[48,39560,39561,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,39562,39563],{"class":54},"        evens",[48,39565,134],{"class":62},[48,39567,14287],{"class":137},[48,39569,151],{"class":62},[48,39571,3023],{"class":137},[48,39573,162],{"class":62},[48,39575,39576],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,39577,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,39579,39580,39582,39584,39586],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,39581,276],{"class":147},[48,39583,151],{"class":62},[48,39585,39451],{"class":137},[48,39587,162],{"class":62},[20,39589,168],{},[39,39591,39592],{"className":41,"code":39132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,39593,39594],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39595,39596,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39597,682],{"class":62},[48,39599,2842],{"class":99},[48,39601,87],{"class":62},[48,39603,3241],{"class":99},[48,39605,87],{"class":62},[48,39607,38184],{"class":99},[48,39609,1465],{"class":62},[20,39611,39612],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[39,39614,39616],{"className":41,"code":39615,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39617,39618,39650,39683,39687],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39619,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39621,2232],{"class":54},[48,39623,59],{"class":58},[48,39625,4404],{"class":62},[48,39627,3770],{"class":99},[48,39629,87],{"class":62},[48,39631,632],{"class":99},[48,39633,87],{"class":62},[48,39635,800],{"class":99},[48,39637,87],{"class":62},[48,39639,3241],{"class":99},[48,39641,87],{"class":62},[48,39643,5387],{"class":99},[48,39645,87],{"class":62},[48,39647,38184],{"class":99},[48,39649,1465],{"class":62},[48,39651,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39653,39406],{"class":54},[48,39655,59],{"class":58},[48,39657,4404],{"class":62},[48,39659,3001],{"class":54},[48,39661,117],{"class":116},[48,39663,7161],{"class":54},[48,39665,128],{"class":116},[48,39667,39668],{"class":54}," numbers ",[48,39670,7767],{"class":116},[48,39672,7161],{"class":54},[48,39674,7176],{"class":58},[48,39676,632],{"class":99},[48,39678,7181],{"class":58},[48,39680,4616],{"class":99},[48,39682,1465],{"class":62},[48,39684,39685],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,39686,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,39688,39689,39691,39693,39695],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,39690,276],{"class":147},[48,39692,151],{"class":62},[48,39694,39451],{"class":137},[48,39696,162],{"class":62},[20,39698,168],{},[39,39700,39701],{"className":41,"code":39132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,39702,39703],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39704,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39706,682],{"class":62},[48,39708,2842],{"class":99},[48,39710,87],{"class":62},[48,39712,3241],{"class":99},[48,39714,87],{"class":62},[48,39716,38184],{"class":99},[48,39718,1465],{"class":62},[20,39720,39721,39722,134],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[348,39723,39725],{"href":39724},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[34,39727,1745],{"id":1744},[20,39729,15463,39730,134],{},[15,39731,38116],{},[1752,39733,2015,39735,39737],{"id":39734},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39736,38116],{}," to return a list",[20,39739,39740],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[39,39742,39744],{"className":41,"code":39743,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39745,39746,39788],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39747,39748,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39749,449],{"class":54},[48,39751,59],{"class":58},[48,39753,38195],{"class":147},[48,39755,151],{"class":62},[48,39757,38200],{"class":915},[48,39759,38204],{"class":38203},[48,39761,76],{"class":62},[48,39763,4662],{"class":137},[48,39765,5033],{"class":58},[48,39767,632],{"class":99},[48,39769,87],{"class":62},[48,39771,4404],{"class":62},[48,39773,3770],{"class":99},[48,39775,87],{"class":62},[48,39777,632],{"class":99},[48,39779,87],{"class":62},[48,39781,800],{"class":99},[48,39783,87],{"class":62},[48,39785,3241],{"class":99},[48,39787,4670],{"class":62},[48,39789,39790,39792,39794,39796],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39791,276],{"class":147},[48,39793,151],{"class":62},[48,39795,474],{"class":137},[48,39797,162],{"class":62},[20,39799,39800],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39802,39803],{},"Fix:",[39,39805,39807],{"className":41,"code":39806,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39808,39809,39851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39810,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39812,449],{"class":54},[48,39814,59],{"class":58},[48,39816,38195],{"class":147},[48,39818,151],{"class":62},[48,39820,38200],{"class":915},[48,39822,38204],{"class":38203},[48,39824,76],{"class":62},[48,39826,4662],{"class":137},[48,39828,5033],{"class":58},[48,39830,632],{"class":99},[48,39832,87],{"class":62},[48,39834,4404],{"class":62},[48,39836,3770],{"class":99},[48,39838,87],{"class":62},[48,39840,632],{"class":99},[48,39842,87],{"class":62},[48,39844,800],{"class":99},[48,39846,87],{"class":62},[48,39848,3241],{"class":99},[48,39850,4670],{"class":62},[48,39852,39853,39855,39857,39859,39861,39863],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39854,276],{"class":147},[48,39856,151],{"class":62},[48,39858,282],{"class":281},[48,39860,151],{"class":62},[48,39862,474],{"class":137},[48,39864,670],{"class":62},[1752,39866,39868,39869,352,39871,39873],{"id":39867},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39870,4385],{},[15,39872,4456],{}," clearly",[20,39875,39876],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39878,39879],{},"Good example:",[39,39881,39883],{"className":41,"code":39882,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39884,39885,39898],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39886,39887,39889,39892,39894,39896],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39888,35388],{"class":915},[48,39890,39891],{"class":35391}," is_positive",[48,39893,151],{"class":62},[48,39895,3023],{"class":38203},[48,39897,9109],{"class":62},[48,39899,39900,39902,39904,39906],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39901,35399],{"class":116},[48,39903,7161],{"class":54},[48,39905,5033],{"class":58},[48,39907,39054],{"class":99},[20,39909,39910],{},"Then use it with:",[39,39912,39914],{"className":41,"code":39913,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39915,39916,39948],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39917,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39919,2232],{"class":54},[48,39921,59],{"class":58},[48,39923,4404],{"class":62},[48,39925,2807],{"class":58},[48,39927,2842],{"class":99},[48,39929,87],{"class":62},[48,39931,3006],{"class":58},[48,39933,3770],{"class":99},[48,39935,87],{"class":62},[48,39937,4616],{"class":99},[48,39939,87],{"class":62},[48,39941,618],{"class":99},[48,39943,87],{"class":62},[48,39945,632],{"class":99},[48,39947,1465],{"class":62},[48,39949,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39965,39967,39969],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,39951,276],{"class":147},[48,39953,151],{"class":62},[48,39955,282],{"class":281},[48,39957,151],{"class":62},[48,39959,38142],{"class":147},[48,39961,151],{"class":62},[48,39963,39964],{"class":137},"is_positive",[48,39966,87],{"class":62},[48,39968,2292],{"class":137},[48,39970,3693],{"class":62},[20,39972,168],{},[39,39974,39976],{"className":41,"code":39975,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39977,39978],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39979,39980,39982,39984,39986,39988],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39981,682],{"class":62},[48,39983,3770],{"class":99},[48,39985,87],{"class":62},[48,39987,632],{"class":99},[48,39989,1465],{"class":62},[1752,39991,39993],{"id":39992},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39995,39996],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[39,39998,39999],{"className":41,"code":38738,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,40000,40001,40043,40047,40061],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40002,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011,40013,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023,40025,40027,40029,40031,40033,40035,40037,40039,40041],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40004,449],{"class":54},[48,40006,59],{"class":58},[48,40008,38195],{"class":147},[48,40010,151],{"class":62},[48,40012,38200],{"class":915},[48,40014,38204],{"class":38203},[48,40016,76],{"class":62},[48,40018,4662],{"class":137},[48,40020,5033],{"class":58},[48,40022,632],{"class":99},[48,40024,87],{"class":62},[48,40026,4404],{"class":62},[48,40028,3770],{"class":99},[48,40030,87],{"class":62},[48,40032,632],{"class":99},[48,40034,87],{"class":62},[48,40036,800],{"class":99},[48,40038,87],{"class":62},[48,40040,3241],{"class":99},[48,40042,4670],{"class":62},[48,40044,40045],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40046,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,40048,40049,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,40050,276],{"class":147},[48,40052,151],{"class":62},[48,40054,282],{"class":281},[48,40056,151],{"class":62},[48,40058,474],{"class":137},[48,40060,670],{"class":62},[48,40062,40063,40065,40067,40069,40071,40073],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,40064,276],{"class":147},[48,40066,151],{"class":62},[48,40068,282],{"class":281},[48,40070,151],{"class":62},[48,40072,474],{"class":137},[48,40074,670],{"class":62},[20,40076,168],{},[39,40078,40079],{"className":41,"code":38819,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,40080,40081,40093],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40082,40083,40085,40087,40089,40091],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40084,682],{"class":62},[48,40086,2848],{"class":99},[48,40088,87],{"class":62},[48,40090,3241],{"class":99},[48,40092,1465],{"class":62},[48,40094,40095],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40096,38838],{"class":62},[20,40098,40099],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[39,40101,40103],{"className":41,"code":40102,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,40104,40105,40151,40155,40165],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40106,40107,40109,40111,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129,40131,40133,40135,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145,40147,40149],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40108,449],{"class":54},[48,40110,59],{"class":58},[48,40112,1191],{"class":281},[48,40114,151],{"class":62},[48,40116,38142],{"class":147},[48,40118,151],{"class":62},[48,40120,38200],{"class":915},[48,40122,38204],{"class":38203},[48,40124,76],{"class":62},[48,40126,4662],{"class":137},[48,40128,5033],{"class":58},[48,40130,632],{"class":99},[48,40132,87],{"class":62},[48,40134,4404],{"class":62},[48,40136,3770],{"class":99},[48,40138,87],{"class":62},[48,40140,632],{"class":99},[48,40142,87],{"class":62},[48,40144,800],{"class":99},[48,40146,87],{"class":62},[48,40148,3241],{"class":99},[48,40150,3781],{"class":62},[48,40152,40153],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40154,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,40156,40157,40159,40161,40163],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,40158,276],{"class":147},[48,40160,151],{"class":62},[48,40162,474],{"class":137},[48,40164,162],{"class":62},[48,40166,40167,40169,40171,40173],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,40168,276],{"class":147},[48,40170,151],{"class":62},[48,40172,474],{"class":137},[48,40174,162],{"class":62},[1752,40176,40178],{"id":40177},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,40180,40181],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,40183,17372],{},[39,40185,40187],{"className":41,"code":40186,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,40188,40189],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40190,40191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40192,40186],{"class":4445},[20,40194,40195,40196,7321],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,40197,3114],{},[20,40199,17384],{},[39,40201,40203],{"className":41,"code":40202,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,40204,40205],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40206,40207,40209,40211,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235,40237,40239,40241,40243,40245,40247,40249],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40208,276],{"class":147},[48,40210,151],{"class":62},[48,40212,282],{"class":281},[48,40214,151],{"class":62},[48,40216,38142],{"class":147},[48,40218,151],{"class":62},[48,40220,38200],{"class":915},[48,40222,38204],{"class":38203},[48,40224,76],{"class":62},[48,40226,4662],{"class":137},[48,40228,5033],{"class":58},[48,40230,632],{"class":99},[48,40232,87],{"class":62},[48,40234,4404],{"class":62},[48,40236,3770],{"class":99},[48,40238,87],{"class":62},[48,40240,632],{"class":99},[48,40242,87],{"class":62},[48,40244,800],{"class":99},[48,40246,87],{"class":62},[48,40248,3241],{"class":99},[48,40250,37805],{"class":62},[1752,40252,37744,40254,9471,40256],{"id":40253},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40255,38116],{},[15,40257,40258],{},"map()",[209,40260,40261,40266],{},[212,40262,40263,40265],{},[15,40264,38116],{}," keeps or removes items",[212,40267,40268,40270],{},[15,40269,40258],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40272,40273,40274,76],{},"Example of ",[15,40275,38116],{},[39,40277,40279],{"className":41,"code":40278,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40280,40281,40305],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40282,40283,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40301,40303],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40284,2232],{"class":54},[48,40286,59],{"class":58},[48,40288,4404],{"class":62},[48,40290,3770],{"class":99},[48,40292,87],{"class":62},[48,40294,632],{"class":99},[48,40296,87],{"class":62},[48,40298,800],{"class":99},[48,40300,87],{"class":62},[48,40302,3241],{"class":99},[48,40304,1465],{"class":62},[48,40306,40307,40309,40311,40313,40315,40317,40319,40321,40323,40325,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40308,276],{"class":147},[48,40310,151],{"class":62},[48,40312,282],{"class":281},[48,40314,151],{"class":62},[48,40316,38142],{"class":147},[48,40318,151],{"class":62},[48,40320,38200],{"class":915},[48,40322,38204],{"class":38203},[48,40324,76],{"class":62},[48,40326,4662],{"class":137},[48,40328,5033],{"class":58},[48,40330,632],{"class":99},[48,40332,87],{"class":62},[48,40334,2292],{"class":137},[48,40336,3693],{"class":62},[20,40338,168],{},[39,40340,40342],{"className":41,"code":40341,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40343,40344],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40345,40346,40348,40350,40352,40354],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40347,682],{"class":62},[48,40349,2848],{"class":99},[48,40351,87],{"class":62},[48,40353,3241],{"class":99},[48,40355,1465],{"class":62},[20,40357,40273,40358,76],{},[15,40359,40258],{},[39,40361,40363],{"className":41,"code":40362,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40364,40365,40389],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40366,40367,40369,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40368,2232],{"class":54},[48,40370,59],{"class":58},[48,40372,4404],{"class":62},[48,40374,3770],{"class":99},[48,40376,87],{"class":62},[48,40378,632],{"class":99},[48,40380,87],{"class":62},[48,40382,800],{"class":99},[48,40384,87],{"class":62},[48,40386,3241],{"class":99},[48,40388,1465],{"class":62},[48,40390,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399,40402,40404,40406,40408,40410,40412,40415,40417,40419,40421],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40392,276],{"class":147},[48,40394,151],{"class":62},[48,40396,282],{"class":281},[48,40398,151],{"class":62},[48,40400,40401],{"class":147},"map",[48,40403,151],{"class":62},[48,40405,38200],{"class":915},[48,40407,38204],{"class":38203},[48,40409,76],{"class":62},[48,40411,4662],{"class":137},[48,40413,40414],{"class":58},"*",[48,40416,632],{"class":99},[48,40418,87],{"class":62},[48,40420,2292],{"class":137},[48,40422,3693],{"class":62},[20,40424,168],{},[39,40426,40428],{"className":41,"code":40427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40429,40430],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40431,40432,40434,40436,40438,40440,40442,40444,40446,40448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40433,682],{"class":62},[48,40435,2842],{"class":99},[48,40437,87],{"class":62},[48,40439,3241],{"class":99},[48,40441,87],{"class":62},[48,40443,38184],{"class":99},[48,40445,87],{"class":62},[48,40447,7134],{"class":99},[48,40449,1465],{"class":62},[20,40451,40452,40453,134],{},"For the related function, see ",[348,40454,4356,40456,4289],{"href":40455},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40457,40258],{},[34,40459,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,40461,2606,40463,40465],{"id":40462},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40464,38116],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40467,40468,40469,40471],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40470,25312],{}," if needed.",[1752,40473,40475,40476,40478],{"id":40474},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40477,38116],{}," need to return?",[20,40480,38423,40481,40483,40484,40486],{},[15,40482,4385],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40485,4456],{}," to remove it.",[1752,40488,28861,40490,40492],{"id":40489},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40491,38116],{}," without lambda?",[20,40494,40495],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1752,40497,5920,40499,40502],{"id":40498},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40500,40501],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40504,40505,40506,40508,40509,17798,40511,134],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40507,2904],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40510,4560],{},[15,40512,4456],{},[1752,40514,22138,40516,40518],{"id":40515},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40517,38116],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40520,40521,40522,40524],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40523,117],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40526,40527],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[209,40529,40530,40536,40542],{},[212,40531,40532,40533,40535],{},"use ",[15,40534,38116],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[212,40537,40538,40539,40541],{},"use a ",[15,40540,117],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[212,40543,40544],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40546,40547,40548,134],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[348,40549,5910],{"href":40550},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[34,40552,2679],{"id":2678},[209,40554,40555,40560,40564,40569,40575],{},[212,40556,40557],{},[348,40558,40559],{"href":38995},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[212,40561,40562],{},[348,40563,5999],{"href":40550},[212,40565,40566],{},[348,40567,40568],{"href":39724},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[212,40570,40571],{},[348,40572,4356,40573,4289],{"href":40455},[15,40574,40258],{},[212,40576,40577],{},[348,40578,5994],{"href":6363},[2711,40580,40581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":40583},[40584,40585,40587,40591,40594,40596,40598,40600,40602,40612,40624],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":38250,"depth":106,"text":40586},"What filter() does",{"id":38384,"depth":106,"text":38385,"children":40588},[40589,40590],{"id":38401,"depth":113,"text":38401},{"id":4502,"depth":113,"text":4502},{"id":38560,"depth":106,"text":38561,"children":40592},[40593],{"id":38731,"depth":113,"text":38732},{"id":38844,"depth":106,"text":40595},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38999,"depth":106,"text":40597},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39161,"depth":106,"text":40599},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39341,"depth":106,"text":40601},"When to use filter()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":40603},[40604,40606,40608,40609,40610],{"id":39734,"depth":113,"text":40605},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39867,"depth":113,"text":40607},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39992,"depth":113,"text":39993},{"id":40177,"depth":113,"text":40178},{"id":40253,"depth":113,"text":40611},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":40613},[40614,40616,40618,40620,40622],{"id":40462,"depth":113,"text":40615},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40474,"depth":113,"text":40617},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40489,"depth":113,"text":40619},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40498,"depth":113,"text":40621},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40515,"depth":113,"text":40623},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":38108,"description":40625},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40632,"title":40633,"body":40634,"description":42787,"extension":2749,"meta":42788,"navigation":109,"path":42789,"seo":42790,"stem":42791,"__hash__":42792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40635,"toc":42741},[40636,40639,40644,40650,40652,40704,40706,40725,40730,40734,40739,40742,40757,40760,40782,40784,40833,40835,40859,40861,40863,40878,40883,40891,40906,40908,40917,40920,40955,40959,40964,40968,40975,41010,41012,41028,41032,41035,41076,41078,41092,41096,41099,41123,41125,41134,41138,41141,41174,41176,41189,41193,41199,41218,41220,41228,41232,41237,41241,41247,41270,41272,41301,41304,41323,41327,41330,41357,41359,41393,41397,41400,41424,41428,41439,41441,41446,41452,41454,41538,41540,41582,41585,41589,41596,41605,41661,41668,41677,41682,41686,41757,41759,41768,41772,41775,41819,41821,41830,41834,41840,41890,41894,41899,41903,41927,41929,41938,41942,41966,41968,41979,41983,42007,42009,42018,42021,42038,42044,42048,42054,42057,42062,42065,42086,42088,42120,42123,42128,42130,42141,42143,42187,42191,42198,42250,42252,42261,42265,42268,42361,42364,42388,42392,42395,42487,42492,42496,42503,42508,42532,42534,42543,42548,42571,42573,42581,42588,42611,42619,42621,42634,42644,42646,42650,42657,42661,42670,42674,42681,42685,42689,42693,42706,42708,42738],[10,40637,40633],{"id":40638},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40640,9890,40641,40643],{},[15,40642,3665],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40645,40646,40647,40649],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40648,3665],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[34,40651,37],{"id":36},[39,40653,40655],{"className":41,"code":40654,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40656,40657,40671,40690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40658,40659,40661,40663,40665,40667,40669],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40660,276],{"class":147},[48,40662,151],{"class":62},[48,40664,2976],{"class":281},[48,40666,151],{"class":62},[48,40668,2921],{"class":99},[48,40670,670],{"class":62},[48,40672,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683,40686,40688],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40674,276],{"class":147},[48,40676,151],{"class":62},[48,40678,2976],{"class":281},[48,40680,151],{"class":62},[48,40682,67],{"class":66},[48,40684,40685],{"class":70},"3.14",[48,40687,67],{"class":66},[48,40689,670],{"class":62},[48,40691,40692,40694,40696,40698,40700,40702],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,40693,276],{"class":147},[48,40695,151],{"class":62},[48,40697,2976],{"class":281},[48,40699,151],{"class":62},[48,40701,4385],{"class":1642},[48,40703,670],{"class":62},[20,40705,168],{},[39,40707,40709],{"className":41,"code":40708,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40710,40711,40715,40720],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40712,40713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40714,3263],{"class":99},[48,40716,40717],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40718,40719],{"class":99},"3.14\n",[48,40721,40722],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,40723,40724],{"class":99},"1.0\n",[20,40726,189,40727,40729],{},[15,40728,3665],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[34,40731,40733],{"id":40732},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40735,40736,40738],{},[15,40737,3665],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40740,40741],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[209,40743,40744,40748,40752],{},[212,40745,40746],{},[15,40747,3275],{},[212,40749,40750],{},[15,40751,40685],{},[212,40753,40754],{},[15,40755,40756],{},"0.5",[20,40758,40759],{},"A few key points:",[209,40761,40762,40769,40772,40775],{},[212,40763,40764,40766,40767],{},[15,40765,3665],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40768,2976],{},[212,40770,40771],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[212,40773,40774],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[212,40776,40777,40778],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[348,40779,40780],{"href":8986},[15,40781,3739],{},[20,40783,226],{},[39,40785,40787],{"className":41,"code":40786,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40788,40789,40809,40819],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40790,40791,40793,40795,40798,40800,40802,40805,40807],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40792,3001],{"class":54},[48,40794,59],{"class":58},[48,40796,40797],{"class":281}," float",[48,40799,151],{"class":62},[48,40801,67],{"class":66},[48,40803,40804],{"class":70},"2.75",[48,40806,67],{"class":66},[48,40808,162],{"class":62},[48,40810,40811,40813,40815,40817],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40812,276],{"class":147},[48,40814,151],{"class":62},[48,40816,3023],{"class":137},[48,40818,162],{"class":62},[48,40820,40821,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,40822,276],{"class":147},[48,40824,151],{"class":62},[48,40826,2094],{"class":281},[48,40828,151],{"class":62},[48,40830,3023],{"class":137},[48,40832,670],{"class":62},[20,40834,168],{},[39,40836,40838],{"className":41,"code":40837,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40839,40840,40845],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40841,40842],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40843,40844],{"class":99},"2.75\n",[48,40846,40847,40849,40851,40853,40855,40857],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40848,2168],{"class":58},[48,40850,2171],{"class":915},[48,40852,320],{"class":66},[48,40854,2976],{"class":70},[48,40856,311],{"class":66},[48,40858,2180],{"class":58},[34,40860,360],{"id":359},[20,40862,7987],{},[39,40864,40866],{"className":41,"code":40865,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"float(value)\n",[15,40867,40868],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40869,40870,40872,40874,40876],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40871,2976],{"class":281},[48,40873,151],{"class":62},[48,40875,933],{"class":137},[48,40877,162],{"class":62},[20,40879,40880,40881,134],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40882,3665],{},[20,40884,40885,40886,40888,40889,76],{},"If you call ",[15,40887,3665],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40890,4550],{},[39,40892,40894],{"className":41,"code":40893,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float())\n",[15,40895,40896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40897,40898,40900,40902,40904],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40899,276],{"class":147},[48,40901,151],{"class":62},[48,40903,2976],{"class":281},[48,40905,1203],{"class":62},[20,40907,168],{},[39,40909,40911],{"className":41,"code":40910,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0.0\n",[15,40912,40913],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40914,40915],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40916,40910],{"class":99},[20,40918,40919],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[39,40921,40923],{"className":41,"code":40922,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40924,40925,40945],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40926,40927,40930,40932,40934,40936,40938,40941,40943],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40928,40929],{"class":54},"price ",[48,40931,59],{"class":58},[48,40933,40797],{"class":281},[48,40935,151],{"class":62},[48,40937,67],{"class":66},[48,40939,40940],{"class":70},"19.99",[48,40942,67],{"class":66},[48,40944,162],{"class":62},[48,40946,40947,40949,40951,40953],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40948,276],{"class":147},[48,40950,151],{"class":62},[48,40952,25681],{"class":137},[48,40954,162],{"class":62},[34,40956,40958],{"id":40957},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40960,40961,40963],{},[15,40962,3665],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1752,40965,40967],{"id":40966},"integers","Integers",[20,40969,40970,40971,40974],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40972,40973],{},".0"," added:",[39,40976,40978],{"className":41,"code":40977,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40979,40980,40994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40981,40982,40984,40986,40988,40990,40992],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40983,276],{"class":147},[48,40985,151],{"class":62},[48,40987,2976],{"class":281},[48,40989,151],{"class":62},[48,40991,2921],{"class":99},[48,40993,670],{"class":62},[48,40995,40996,40998,41000,41002,41004,41006,41008],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,40997,276],{"class":147},[48,40999,151],{"class":62},[48,41001,2976],{"class":281},[48,41003,151],{"class":62},[48,41005,2807],{"class":58},[48,41007,2842],{"class":99},[48,41009,670],{"class":62},[20,41011,168],{},[39,41013,41015],{"className":41,"code":41014,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,41016,41017,41021],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41018,41019],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41020,3263],{"class":99},[48,41022,41023,41025],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41024,2807],{"class":58},[48,41026,41027],{"class":99},"2.0\n",[1752,41029,41031],{"id":41030},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,41033,41034],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[39,41036,41038],{"className":41,"code":41037,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,41039,41040,41058],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41041,41042,41044,41046,41048,41050,41052,41054,41056],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41043,276],{"class":147},[48,41045,151],{"class":62},[48,41047,2976],{"class":281},[48,41049,151],{"class":62},[48,41051,67],{"class":66},[48,41053,40685],{"class":70},[48,41055,67],{"class":66},[48,41057,670],{"class":62},[48,41059,41060,41062,41064,41066,41068,41070,41072,41074],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41061,276],{"class":147},[48,41063,151],{"class":62},[48,41065,2976],{"class":281},[48,41067,151],{"class":62},[48,41069,67],{"class":66},[48,41071,3114],{"class":70},[48,41073,67],{"class":66},[48,41075,670],{"class":62},[20,41077,168],{},[39,41079,41081],{"className":41,"code":41080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,41082,41083,41087],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41084,41085],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41086,40719],{"class":99},[48,41088,41089],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41090,41091],{"class":99},"10.0\n",[1752,41093,41095],{"id":41094},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,41097,41098],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[39,41100,41102],{"className":41,"code":41101,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,41103,41104],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41105,41106,41108,41110,41112,41114,41116,41119,41121],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41107,276],{"class":147},[48,41109,151],{"class":62},[48,41111,2976],{"class":281},[48,41113,151],{"class":62},[48,41115,67],{"class":66},[48,41117,41118],{"class":70},"  8.5  ",[48,41120,67],{"class":66},[48,41122,670],{"class":62},[20,41124,168],{},[39,41126,41128],{"className":41,"code":41127,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"8.5\n",[15,41129,41130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41131,41132],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41133,41127],{"class":99},[1752,41135,41137],{"id":41136},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41139,41140],{},"Boolean values also work:",[39,41142,41144],{"className":41,"code":41143,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41145,41146,41160],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41147,41148,41150,41152,41154,41156,41158],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41149,276],{"class":147},[48,41151,151],{"class":62},[48,41153,2976],{"class":281},[48,41155,151],{"class":62},[48,41157,4385],{"class":1642},[48,41159,670],{"class":62},[48,41161,41162,41164,41166,41168,41170,41172],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41163,276],{"class":147},[48,41165,151],{"class":62},[48,41167,2976],{"class":281},[48,41169,151],{"class":62},[48,41171,4456],{"class":1642},[48,41173,670],{"class":62},[20,41175,168],{},[39,41177,41179],{"className":41,"code":41178,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41180,41181,41185],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41182,41183],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41184,40724],{"class":99},[48,41186,41187],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41188,40910],{"class":99},[1752,41190,41192],{"id":41191},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41194,41195,41196,41198],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41197,3665],{}," returns a float version of it:",[39,41200,41202],{"className":41,"code":41201,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41203,41204],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41205,41206,41208,41210,41212,41214,41216],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41207,276],{"class":147},[48,41209,151],{"class":62},[48,41211,2976],{"class":281},[48,41213,151],{"class":62},[48,41215,3146],{"class":99},[48,41217,670],{"class":62},[20,41219,168],{},[39,41221,41222],{"className":41,"code":3170,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,41223,41224],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41225,41226],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41227,3170],{"class":99},[34,41229,41231],{"id":41230},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41233,41234,41235,134],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41236,3665],{},[1752,41238,41240],{"id":41239},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41242,41243,41244,76],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41245,41246],{},"ValueError",[39,41248,41250],{"className":41,"code":41249,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41251,41252],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41253,41254,41256,41258,41260,41262,41264,41266,41268],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41255,276],{"class":147},[48,41257,151],{"class":62},[48,41259,2976],{"class":281},[48,41261,151],{"class":62},[48,41263,67],{"class":66},[48,41265,4628],{"class":70},[48,41267,67],{"class":66},[48,41269,670],{"class":62},[20,41271,30214],{},[39,41273,41275],{"className":41,"code":41274,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41276,41277],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41278,41279,41281,41283,41286,41288,41291,41293,41295,41297,41299],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41280,41246],{"class":281},[48,41282,76],{"class":62},[48,41284,41285],{"class":54}," could ",[48,41287,5413],{"class":58},[48,41289,41290],{"class":54}," convert string to ",[48,41292,2976],{"class":281},[48,41294,76],{"class":62},[48,41296,320],{"class":66},[48,41298,4628],{"class":70},[48,41300,30233],{"class":66},[20,41302,41303],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[39,41305,41307],{"className":41,"code":41306,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41308,41309],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41310,41311,41313,41315,41317,41319,41321],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41312,276],{"class":147},[48,41314,151],{"class":62},[48,41316,2976],{"class":281},[48,41318,151],{"class":62},[48,41320,7047],{"class":66},[48,41322,670],{"class":62},[1752,41324,41326],{"id":41325},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41328,41329],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[39,41331,41333],{"className":41,"code":41332,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41334,41335],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41336,41337,41339,41341,41343,41345,41347,41349,41351,41353,41355],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41338,276],{"class":147},[48,41340,151],{"class":62},[48,41342,2976],{"class":281},[48,41344,3767],{"class":62},[48,41346,3770],{"class":99},[48,41348,87],{"class":62},[48,41350,632],{"class":99},[48,41352,87],{"class":62},[48,41354,800],{"class":99},[48,41356,3781],{"class":62},[20,41358,30214],{},[39,41360,41362],{"className":41,"code":41361,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41363,41364],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41365,41366,41368,41370,41372,41374,41377,41380,41383,41385,41387,41389,41391],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41367,3787],{"class":281},[48,41369,76],{"class":62},[48,41371,40797],{"class":281},[48,41373,8135],{"class":62},[48,41375,41376],{"class":54}," argument must be a string ",[48,41378,41379],{"class":58},"or",[48,41381,41382],{"class":54}," a real number",[48,41384,87],{"class":62},[48,41386,8866],{"class":58},[48,41388,320],{"class":66},[48,41390,282],{"class":70},[48,41392,30233],{"class":66},[1752,41394,41396],{"id":41395},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41398,41399],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[39,41401,41403],{"className":41,"code":41402,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41404,41405],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41406,41407,41409,41411,41413,41415,41417,41420,41422],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41408,276],{"class":147},[48,41410,151],{"class":62},[48,41412,2976],{"class":281},[48,41414,151],{"class":62},[48,41416,67],{"class":66},[48,41418,41419],{"class":70},"3,14",[48,41421,67],{"class":66},[48,41423,670],{"class":62},[20,41425,3784,41426,134],{},[15,41427,41246],{},[20,41429,41430,41431,5174,41435,134],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[348,41432,41434],{"href":41433},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[348,41436,41438],{"href":41437},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[34,41440,18143],{"id":18142},[20,41442,41443,41445],{},[15,41444,3665],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41447,41448,41449,41451],{},"It does ",[166,41450,5413],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41453,226],{},[39,41455,41457],{"className":41,"code":41456,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41458,41459,41472,41486,41490,41500,41510,41524],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41460,41461,41463,41465,41467,41470],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41462,35224],{"class":54},[48,41464,59],{"class":58},[48,41466,79],{"class":66},[48,41468,41469],{"class":70},"6.5",[48,41471,4138],{"class":66},[48,41473,41474,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41475,3001],{"class":54},[48,41477,59],{"class":58},[48,41479,40797],{"class":281},[48,41481,151],{"class":62},[48,41483,35245],{"class":137},[48,41485,162],{"class":62},[48,41487,41488],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,41489,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,41491,41492,41494,41496,41498],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,41493,276],{"class":147},[48,41495,151],{"class":62},[48,41497,35245],{"class":137},[48,41499,162],{"class":62},[48,41501,41502,41504,41506,41508],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,41503,276],{"class":147},[48,41505,151],{"class":62},[48,41507,3023],{"class":137},[48,41509,162],{"class":62},[48,41511,41512,41514,41516,41518,41520,41522],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,41513,276],{"class":147},[48,41515,151],{"class":62},[48,41517,2094],{"class":281},[48,41519,151],{"class":62},[48,41521,35245],{"class":137},[48,41523,670],{"class":62},[48,41525,41526,41528,41530,41532,41534,41536],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,41527,276],{"class":147},[48,41529,151],{"class":62},[48,41531,2094],{"class":281},[48,41533,151],{"class":62},[48,41535,3023],{"class":137},[48,41537,670],{"class":62},[20,41539,168],{},[39,41541,41543],{"className":41,"code":41542,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41544,41545,41550,41554,41568],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41546,41547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41548,41549],{"class":99},"6.5\n",[48,41551,41552],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41553,41549],{"class":99},[48,41555,41556,41558,41560,41562,41564,41566],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,41557,2168],{"class":58},[48,41559,2171],{"class":915},[48,41561,320],{"class":66},[48,41563,4223],{"class":70},[48,41565,311],{"class":66},[48,41567,2180],{"class":58},[48,41569,41570,41572,41574,41576,41578,41580],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,41571,2168],{"class":58},[48,41573,2171],{"class":915},[48,41575,320],{"class":66},[48,41577,2976],{"class":70},[48,41579,311],{"class":66},[48,41581,2180],{"class":58},[20,41583,41584],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[34,41586,41588],{"id":41587},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1752,41590,41592,41593,41595],{"id":41591},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41594,3739],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41597,22,41598,41602,41603,134],{},[348,41599,41600,3086],{"href":8986},[15,41601,3739],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41604,3665],{},[39,41606,41608],{"className":41,"code":41607,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41609,41610,41629,41643,41647],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41611,41612,41614,41616,41618,41620,41622,41625,41627],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41613,9004],{"class":54},[48,41615,59],{"class":58},[48,41617,9009],{"class":147},[48,41619,151],{"class":62},[48,41621,67],{"class":66},[48,41623,41624],{"class":70},"Enter a price: ",[48,41626,67],{"class":66},[48,41628,162],{"class":62},[48,41630,41631,41633,41635,41637,41639,41641],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41632,40929],{"class":54},[48,41634,59],{"class":58},[48,41636,40797],{"class":281},[48,41638,151],{"class":62},[48,41640,9033],{"class":137},[48,41642,162],{"class":62},[48,41644,41645],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,41646,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,41648,41649,41651,41653,41655,41657,41659],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,41650,276],{"class":147},[48,41652,151],{"class":62},[48,41654,40929],{"class":137},[48,41656,40414],{"class":58},[48,41658,632],{"class":99},[48,41660,162],{"class":62},[20,41662,41663,41664,41667],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41665,41666],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[39,41669,41671],{"className":41,"code":41670,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"9.0\n",[15,41672,41673],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41674,41675],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41676,41670],{"class":99},[20,41678,41679,41680,134],{},"For more help with this, see ",[348,41681,9748],{"href":9747},[1752,41683,41685],{"id":41684},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[39,41687,41689],{"className":41,"code":41688,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41690,41691,41704,41717,41721,41746],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41692,41693,41695,41697,41699,41702],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41694,3338],{"class":54},[48,41696,59],{"class":58},[48,41698,79],{"class":66},[48,41700,41701],{"class":70},"2.5",[48,41703,4138],{"class":66},[48,41705,41706,41708,41710,41712,41715],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41707,3365],{"class":54},[48,41709,59],{"class":58},[48,41711,79],{"class":66},[48,41713,41714],{"class":70},"1.5",[48,41716,4138],{"class":66},[48,41718,41719],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,41720,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,41722,41723,41726,41728,41730,41732,41734,41736,41738,41740,41742,41744],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,41724,41725],{"class":54},"total ",[48,41727,59],{"class":58},[48,41729,40797],{"class":281},[48,41731,151],{"class":62},[48,41733,348],{"class":137},[48,41735,4442],{"class":62},[48,41737,3238],{"class":58},[48,41739,40797],{"class":281},[48,41741,151],{"class":62},[48,41743,2059],{"class":137},[48,41745,162],{"class":62},[48,41747,41748,41750,41752,41755],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,41749,276],{"class":147},[48,41751,151],{"class":62},[48,41753,41754],{"class":137},"total",[48,41756,162],{"class":62},[20,41758,168],{},[39,41760,41762],{"className":41,"code":41761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4.0\n",[15,41763,41764],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41765,41766],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41767,41761],{"class":99},[1752,41769,41771],{"id":41770},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41773,41774],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[39,41776,41778],{"className":41,"code":41777,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41779,41780,41790,41805,41809],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41781,41782,41785,41787],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41783,41784],{"class":54},"count ",[48,41786,59],{"class":58},[48,41788,41789],{"class":99}," 7\n",[48,41791,41792,41794,41796,41798,41800,41803],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41793,449],{"class":54},[48,41795,59],{"class":58},[48,41797,40797],{"class":281},[48,41799,151],{"class":62},[48,41801,41802],{"class":137},"count",[48,41804,162],{"class":62},[48,41806,41807],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,41808,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,41810,41811,41813,41815,41817],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,41812,276],{"class":147},[48,41814,151],{"class":62},[48,41816,474],{"class":137},[48,41818,162],{"class":62},[20,41820,168],{},[39,41822,41824],{"className":41,"code":41823,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"7.0\n",[15,41825,41826],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41827,41828],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41829,41823],{"class":99},[1752,41831,41833],{"id":41832},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41835,41836,41837,41839],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41838,3665],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[39,41841,41843],{"className":41,"code":41842,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41844,41845,41859,41875,41879],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41846,41847,41850,41852,41854,41857],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41848,41849],{"class":54},"temperature_text ",[48,41851,59],{"class":58},[48,41853,79],{"class":66},[48,41855,41856],{"class":70},"21.8",[48,41858,4138],{"class":66},[48,41860,41861,41864,41866,41868,41870,41873],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,41862,41863],{"class":54},"temperature ",[48,41865,59],{"class":58},[48,41867,40797],{"class":281},[48,41869,151],{"class":62},[48,41871,41872],{"class":137},"temperature_text",[48,41874,162],{"class":62},[48,41876,41877],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,41878,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,41880,41881,41883,41885,41888],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,41882,276],{"class":147},[48,41884,151],{"class":62},[48,41886,41887],{"class":137},"temperature",[48,41889,162],{"class":62},[34,41891,41893],{"id":41892},"special-values","Special values",[20,41895,41896,41898],{},[15,41897,3665],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1752,41900,41902],{"id":41901},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[39,41904,41906],{"className":41,"code":41905,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41907,41908],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41909,41910,41912,41914,41916,41918,41920,41923,41925],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41911,276],{"class":147},[48,41913,151],{"class":62},[48,41915,2976],{"class":281},[48,41917,151],{"class":62},[48,41919,67],{"class":66},[48,41921,41922],{"class":70},"inf",[48,41924,67],{"class":66},[48,41926,670],{"class":62},[20,41928,168],{},[39,41930,41932],{"className":41,"code":41931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"inf\n",[15,41933,41934],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41935,41936],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41937,41931],{"class":54},[1752,41939,41941],{"id":41940},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[39,41943,41945],{"className":41,"code":41944,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41946,41947],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41948,41949,41951,41953,41955,41957,41959,41962,41964],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41950,276],{"class":147},[48,41952,151],{"class":62},[48,41954,2976],{"class":281},[48,41956,151],{"class":62},[48,41958,67],{"class":66},[48,41960,41961],{"class":70},"-inf",[48,41963,67],{"class":66},[48,41965,670],{"class":62},[20,41967,168],{},[39,41969,41971],{"className":41,"code":41970,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"-inf\n",[15,41972,41973],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41974,41975,41977],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41976,2807],{"class":58},[48,41978,41931],{"class":54},[1752,41980,41982],{"id":41981},"not-a-number","Not a number",[39,41984,41986],{"className":41,"code":41985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41987,41988],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41989,41990,41992,41994,41996,41998,42000,42003,42005],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41991,276],{"class":147},[48,41993,151],{"class":62},[48,41995,2976],{"class":281},[48,41997,151],{"class":62},[48,41999,67],{"class":66},[48,42001,42002],{"class":70},"nan",[48,42004,67],{"class":66},[48,42006,670],{"class":62},[20,42008,168],{},[39,42010,42012],{"className":41,"code":42011,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nan\n",[15,42013,42014],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42015,42016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42017,42011],{"class":54},[20,42019,42020],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[209,42022,42023,42028,42033],{},[212,42024,42025,42027],{},[15,42026,41922],{}," means positive infinity",[212,42029,42030,42032],{},[15,42031,41961],{}," means negative infinity",[212,42034,42035,42037],{},[15,42036,42002],{}," means “not a number”",[20,42039,42040,42041,42043],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,42042,3665],{}," accepts them.",[34,42045,42047],{"id":42046},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,42049,42050,42051,42053],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,42052,3665],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1752,42055,41246],{"id":42056},"valueerror",[20,42058,15917,42059,42061],{},[15,42060,41246],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,42063,42064],{},"Common causes:",[209,42066,42067,42073,42076,42079],{},[212,42068,42069,42070],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,42071,42072],{},"\"abc\"",[212,42074,42075],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[212,42077,42078],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[212,42080,5486,42081],{},[348,42082,42083,42085],{"href":8986},[15,42084,3739],{}," returns a string",[20,42087,226],{},[39,42089,42091],{"className":41,"code":42090,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42092,42093,42106],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42094,42095,42097,42099,42101,42104],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42096,3231],{"class":54},[48,42098,59],{"class":58},[48,42100,79],{"class":66},[48,42102,42103],{"class":70},"abc",[48,42105,4138],{"class":66},[48,42107,42108,42110,42112,42114,42116,42118],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,42109,276],{"class":147},[48,42111,151],{"class":62},[48,42113,2976],{"class":281},[48,42115,151],{"class":62},[48,42117,933],{"class":137},[48,42119,670],{"class":62},[1752,42121,3787],{"id":42122},"typeerror",[20,42124,15917,42125,42127],{},[15,42126,3787],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42129,42064],{},[209,42131,42132,42135,42138],{},[212,42133,42134],{},"Passing a list",[212,42136,42137],{},"Passing a dictionary",[212,42139,42140],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42142,226],{},[39,42144,42146],{"className":41,"code":42145,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42147,42148,42173],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42149,42150,42152,42154,42156,42158,42160,42162,42164,42166,42169,42171],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42151,3231],{"class":54},[48,42153,59],{"class":58},[48,42155,63],{"class":62},[48,42157,67],{"class":66},[48,42159,25681],{"class":70},[48,42161,67],{"class":66},[48,42163,76],{"class":62},[48,42165,79],{"class":66},[48,42167,42168],{"class":70},"9.99",[48,42170,67],{"class":66},[48,42172,103],{"class":62},[48,42174,42175,42177,42179,42181,42183,42185],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,42176,276],{"class":147},[48,42178,151],{"class":62},[48,42180,2976],{"class":281},[48,42182,151],{"class":62},[48,42184,933],{"class":137},[48,42186,670],{"class":62},[1752,42188,42190],{"id":42189},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42192,42193,42194,42197],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42195,42196],{},"strip()"," can help:",[39,42199,42201],{"className":41,"code":42200,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42202,42203,42216,42231,42235],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42204,42205,42207,42209,42211,42214],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42206,3231],{"class":54},[48,42208,59],{"class":58},[48,42210,79],{"class":66},[48,42212,42213],{"class":70},"  7.25  ",[48,42215,4138],{"class":66},[48,42217,42218,42221,42223,42225,42227,42229],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,42219,42220],{"class":54},"clean_value ",[48,42222,59],{"class":58},[48,42224,159],{"class":54},[48,42226,134],{"class":62},[48,42228,9401],{"class":137},[48,42230,380],{"class":62},[48,42232,42233],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,42234,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,42236,42237,42239,42241,42243,42245,42248],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,42238,276],{"class":147},[48,42240,151],{"class":62},[48,42242,2976],{"class":281},[48,42244,151],{"class":62},[48,42246,42247],{"class":137},"clean_value",[48,42249,670],{"class":62},[20,42251,168],{},[39,42253,42255],{"className":41,"code":42254,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"7.25\n",[15,42256,42257],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42258,42259],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42260,42254],{"class":99},[1752,42262,42264],{"id":42263},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42266,42267],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[39,42269,42271],{"className":41,"code":42270,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42272,42273,42286,42290,42300,42314,42329,42333,42347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42274,42275,42277,42279,42281,42284],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42276,3231],{"class":54},[48,42278,59],{"class":58},[48,42280,79],{"class":66},[48,42282,42283],{"class":70}," 3.5 ",[48,42285,4138],{"class":66},[48,42287,42288],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,42289,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,42291,42292,42294,42296,42298],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,42293,276],{"class":147},[48,42295,151],{"class":62},[48,42297,933],{"class":137},[48,42299,162],{"class":62},[48,42301,42302,42304,42306,42308,42310,42312],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,42303,276],{"class":147},[48,42305,151],{"class":62},[48,42307,2094],{"class":281},[48,42309,151],{"class":62},[48,42311,933],{"class":137},[48,42313,670],{"class":62},[48,42315,42316,42318,42320,42323,42325,42327],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,42317,276],{"class":147},[48,42319,151],{"class":62},[48,42321,42322],{"class":147},"repr",[48,42324,151],{"class":62},[48,42326,933],{"class":137},[48,42328,670],{"class":62},[48,42330,42331],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,42332,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,42334,42335,42337,42339,42341,42343,42345],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,42336,42220],{"class":54},[48,42338,59],{"class":58},[48,42340,159],{"class":54},[48,42342,134],{"class":62},[48,42344,9401],{"class":137},[48,42346,380],{"class":62},[48,42348,42349,42351,42353,42355,42357,42359],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,42350,276],{"class":147},[48,42352,151],{"class":62},[48,42354,2976],{"class":281},[48,42356,151],{"class":62},[48,42358,42247],{"class":137},[48,42360,670],{"class":62},[20,42362,42363],{},"Why this helps:",[209,42365,42366,42372,42377,42383],{},[212,42367,42368,42371],{},[15,42369,42370],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[212,42373,42374,22085],{},[15,42375,42376],{},"print(type(value))",[212,42378,42379,42382],{},[15,42380,42381],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[212,42384,42385,42387],{},[15,42386,42196],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1752,42389,42391],{"id":42390},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42393,42394],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[39,42396,42398],{"className":41,"code":42397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42399,42400,42419,42423,42429,42444,42463,42472],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42401,42402,42404,42406,42408,42410,42412,42415,42417],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42403,3231],{"class":54},[48,42405,59],{"class":58},[48,42407,9009],{"class":147},[48,42409,151],{"class":62},[48,42411,67],{"class":66},[48,42413,42414],{"class":70},"Enter a number: ",[48,42416,67],{"class":66},[48,42418,162],{"class":62},[48,42420,42421],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,42422,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,42424,42425,42427],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,42426,30337],{"class":116},[48,42428,1053],{"class":62},[48,42430,42431,42434,42436,42438,42440,42442],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,42432,42433],{"class":54},"    number ",[48,42435,59],{"class":58},[48,42437,40797],{"class":281},[48,42439,151],{"class":62},[48,42441,933],{"class":137},[48,42443,162],{"class":62},[48,42445,42446,42448,42450,42452,42455,42457,42459,42461],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,42447,148],{"class":147},[48,42449,151],{"class":62},[48,42451,67],{"class":66},[48,42453,42454],{"class":70},"Converted:",[48,42456,67],{"class":66},[48,42458,87],{"class":62},[48,42460,2981],{"class":137},[48,42462,162],{"class":62},[48,42464,42465,42467,42470],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,42466,30368],{"class":116},[48,42468,42469],{"class":281}," ValueError",[48,42471,1053],{"class":62},[48,42473,42474,42476,42478,42480,42483,42485],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,42475,148],{"class":147},[48,42477,151],{"class":62},[48,42479,67],{"class":66},[48,42481,42482],{"class":70},"That is not a valid number.",[48,42484,67],{"class":66},[48,42486,162],{"class":62},[20,42488,42489,42490,134],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[348,42491,41438],{"href":41437},[34,42493,42495],{"id":42494},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42497,11344,42498,5174,42500,42502],{},[15,42499,3665],{},[15,42501,3659],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42504,42505,42507],{},[15,42506,3665],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[39,42509,42511],{"className":41,"code":42510,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42512,42513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42514,42515,42517,42519,42521,42523,42525,42528,42530],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42516,276],{"class":147},[48,42518,151],{"class":62},[48,42520,2976],{"class":281},[48,42522,151],{"class":62},[48,42524,67],{"class":66},[48,42526,42527],{"class":70},"3.9",[48,42529,67],{"class":66},[48,42531,670],{"class":62},[20,42533,168],{},[39,42535,42537],{"className":41,"code":42536,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.9\n",[15,42538,42539],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42540,42541],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42542,42536],{"class":99},[20,42544,42545,42547],{},[15,42546,3659],{}," creates whole numbers:",[39,42549,42551],{"className":41,"code":42550,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42552,42553],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42554,42555,42557,42559,42561,42563,42565,42567,42569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42556,276],{"class":147},[48,42558,151],{"class":62},[48,42560,2972],{"class":281},[48,42562,151],{"class":62},[48,42564,67],{"class":66},[48,42566,3114],{"class":70},[48,42568,67],{"class":66},[48,42570,670],{"class":62},[20,42572,168],{},[39,42574,42575],{"className":41,"code":3160,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,42576,42577],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42578,42579],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42580,3160],{"class":99},[20,42582,42583,42584,42587],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42585,42586],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[39,42589,42591],{"className":41,"code":42590,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42592,42593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42594,42595,42597,42599,42601,42603,42605,42607,42609],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42596,276],{"class":147},[48,42598,151],{"class":62},[48,42600,2972],{"class":281},[48,42602,151],{"class":62},[48,42604,67],{"class":66},[48,42606,42527],{"class":70},[48,42608,67],{"class":66},[48,42610,670],{"class":62},[20,42612,3784,42613,9368,42615,42618],{},[15,42614,41246],{},[15,42616,42617],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42620,11466],{},[209,42622,42623,42629],{},[212,42624,42625,42628],{},[15,42626,42627],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[212,42630,42631,42633],{},[15,42632,42586],{}," fails",[20,42635,42636,42637,42640,42641,42643],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[348,42638,42639],{"href":3656},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[348,42642,3204],{"href":3203}," helpful.",[34,42645,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,42647,42649],{"id":42648},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42651,42652,42653,352,42655,134],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42654,3275],{},[15,42656,40685],{},[1752,42658,42660],{"id":42659},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42662,42663,42664,352,42667,134],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42665,42666],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42668,42669],{},"\"10\"",[1752,42671,42673],{"id":42672},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42675,29594,42676,42678,42679,134],{},[15,42677,42072],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42680,41246],{},[1752,42682,42684],{"id":42683},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42686,5925,42687,134],{},[15,42688,4550],{},[1752,42690,42692],{"id":42691},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42694,42695,42696,42698,42699,5174,42702,42698,42704,134],{},"Yes. ",[15,42697,4385],{}," becomes ",[15,42700,42701],{},"1.0",[15,42703,4456],{},[15,42705,4550],{},[34,42707,2679],{"id":2678},[209,42709,42710,42714,42720,42725,42729,42733],{},[212,42711,42712],{},[348,42713,42639],{"href":3656},[212,42715,42716],{},[348,42717,42719],{"href":42718},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[212,42721,42722],{},[348,42723,42724],{"href":41433},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[212,42726,42727],{},[348,42728,9825],{"href":9747},[212,42730,42731],{},[348,42732,41438],{"href":41437},[212,42734,42735],{},[348,42736,42737],{"href":8986},"Python input() Function Explained",[2711,42739,42740],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":42742},[42743,42744,42745,42746,42753,42758,42759,42766,42771,42778,42779,42786],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":40732,"depth":106,"text":40733},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":40957,"depth":106,"text":40958,"children":42747},[42748,42749,42750,42751,42752],{"id":40966,"depth":113,"text":40967},{"id":41030,"depth":113,"text":41031},{"id":41094,"depth":113,"text":41095},{"id":41136,"depth":113,"text":41137},{"id":41191,"depth":113,"text":41192},{"id":41230,"depth":106,"text":41231,"children":42754},[42755,42756,42757],{"id":41239,"depth":113,"text":41240},{"id":41325,"depth":113,"text":41326},{"id":41395,"depth":113,"text":41396},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":41587,"depth":106,"text":41588,"children":42760},[42761,42763,42764,42765],{"id":41591,"depth":113,"text":42762},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41684,"depth":113,"text":41685},{"id":41770,"depth":113,"text":41771},{"id":41832,"depth":113,"text":41833},{"id":41892,"depth":106,"text":41893,"children":42767},[42768,42769,42770],{"id":41901,"depth":113,"text":41902},{"id":41940,"depth":113,"text":41941},{"id":41981,"depth":113,"text":41982},{"id":42046,"depth":106,"text":42047,"children":42772},[42773,42774,42775,42776,42777],{"id":42056,"depth":113,"text":41246},{"id":42122,"depth":113,"text":3787},{"id":42189,"depth":113,"text":42190},{"id":42263,"depth":113,"text":42264},{"id":42390,"depth":113,"text":42391},{"id":42494,"depth":106,"text":42495},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":42780},[42781,42782,42783,42784,42785],{"id":42648,"depth":113,"text":42649},{"id":42659,"depth":113,"text":42660},{"id":42672,"depth":113,"text":42673},{"id":42683,"depth":113,"text":42684},{"id":42691,"depth":113,"text":42692},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40633,"description":42787},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42794,"title":42795,"body":42796,"description":44017,"extension":2749,"meta":44018,"navigation":109,"path":35561,"seo":44019,"stem":44020,"__hash__":44021},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42797,"toc":43983},[42798,42801,42806,42809,42811,42850,42864,42868,42873,42876,42893,42896,42906,42921,42924,42926,42929,42945,42948,42951,42971,42975,42986,42989,42993,42997,43011,43046,43050,43061,43096,43099,43101,43109,43142,43158,43160,43170,43191,43202,43204,43209,43212,43226,43228,43247,43250,43263,43266,43270,43274,43288,43291,43309,43312,43327,43331,43336,43350,43356,43358,43415,43417,43450,43453,43469,43473,43480,43484,43489,43492,43503,43507,43512,43527,43536,43541,43560,43563,43575,43577,43582,43592,43595,43624,43629,43638,43642,43647,43650,43654,43659,43661,43691,43694,43701,43706,43711,43715,43718,43726,43729,43807,43810,43832,43834,43838,43841,43845,43851,43914,43918,43926,43930,43933,43935,43960,43980],[10,42799,42795],{"id":42800},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42802,4363,42803,42805],{},[15,42804,35564],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42807,42808],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[34,42810,37],{"id":36},[39,42812,42814],{"className":41,"code":42813,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42815,42816,42826,42836],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42817,42818,42820,42822,42824],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42819,32687],{"class":147},[48,42821,151],{"class":62},[48,42823,11914],{"class":147},[48,42825,162],{"class":62},[48,42827,42828,42830,42832,42834],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,42829,32687],{"class":147},[48,42831,151],{"class":62},[48,42833,4223],{"class":281},[48,42835,162],{"class":62},[48,42837,42838,42840,42842,42844,42846,42848],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,42839,32687],{"class":147},[48,42841,151],{"class":62},[48,42843,311],{"class":66},[48,42845,35195],{"class":70},[48,42847,311],{"class":66},[48,42849,162],{"class":62},[20,42851,189,42852,42854,42855,352,42857,42859,42860,42863],{},[15,42853,35564],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42856,11914],{},[15,42858,4223],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42861,42862],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[34,42865,42867],{"id":42866},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42869,42870,42872],{},[15,42871,35564],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42874,42875],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[209,42877,42878,42881,42884,42887,42890],{},[212,42879,42880],{},"Functions",[212,42882,42883],{},"Classes",[212,42885,42886],{},"Methods",[212,42888,42889],{},"Modules",[212,42891,42892],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42894,42895],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42897,42898,42899,42905],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[348,42900,42902],{"href":42901},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42903,42904],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[39,42907,42909],{"className":41,"code":42908,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\n",[15,42910,42911],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42912,42913,42915,42917,42919],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42914,32687],{"class":147},[48,42916,151],{"class":62},[48,42918,11914],{"class":147},[48,42920,162],{"class":62},[20,42922,42923],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[34,42925,360],{"id":359},[20,42927,42928],{},"The main form is:",[39,42930,42932],{"className":41,"code":42931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(object)\n",[15,42933,42934],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42935,42936,42938,42940,42943],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42937,32687],{"class":147},[48,42939,151],{"class":62},[48,42941,42942],{"class":281},"object",[48,42944,162],{"class":62},[20,42946,42947],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42949,42950],{},"Common examples include:",[209,42952,42953,42957,42962,42966],{},[212,42954,42955],{},[15,42956,11914],{},[212,42958,42959],{},[15,42960,42961],{},"list.append",[212,42963,42964],{},[15,42965,4223],{},[212,42967,42968],{},[15,42969,42970],{},"open",[20,42972,7945,42973,7948],{},[15,42974,35564],{},[39,42976,42978],{"className":41,"code":42977,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help()\n",[15,42979,42980],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42981,42982,42984],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42983,32687],{"class":147},[48,42985,380],{"class":62},[20,42987,42988],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[34,42990,42992],{"id":42991},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1752,42994,42996],{"id":42995},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42998,42999,43000,2973,43002,2973,43004,17798,43007,134],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,43001,11914],{},[15,43003,276],{},[15,43005,43006],{},"input",[348,43008,43009],{"href":3082},[15,43010,3085],{},[39,43012,43014],{"className":41,"code":43013,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,43015,43016,43026,43036],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43017,43018,43020,43022,43024],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43019,32687],{"class":147},[48,43021,151],{"class":62},[48,43023,276],{"class":147},[48,43025,162],{"class":62},[48,43027,43028,43030,43032,43034],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43029,32687],{"class":147},[48,43031,151],{"class":62},[48,43033,43006],{"class":147},[48,43035,162],{"class":62},[48,43037,43038,43040,43042,43044],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,43039,32687],{"class":147},[48,43041,151],{"class":62},[48,43043,2094],{"class":281},[48,43045,162],{"class":62},[1752,43047,43049],{"id":43048},"data-types","Data types",[20,43051,43052,43053,2973,43055,2973,43057,17798,43059,134],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,43054,4223],{},[15,43056,282],{},[15,43058,9588],{},[15,43060,7062],{},[39,43062,43064],{"className":41,"code":43063,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,43065,43066,43076,43086],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43067,43068,43070,43072,43074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43069,32687],{"class":147},[48,43071,151],{"class":62},[48,43073,4223],{"class":281},[48,43075,162],{"class":62},[48,43077,43078,43080,43082,43084],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43079,32687],{"class":147},[48,43081,151],{"class":62},[48,43083,282],{"class":281},[48,43085,162],{"class":62},[48,43087,43088,43090,43092,43094],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,43089,32687],{"class":147},[48,43091,151],{"class":62},[48,43093,9588],{"class":281},[48,43095,162],{"class":62},[20,43097,43098],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1752,43100,42886],{"id":35042},[20,43102,43103,43104,5174,43107,134],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,43105,43106],{},"str.split",[15,43108,42961],{},[39,43110,43112],{"className":41,"code":43111,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,43113,43114,43128],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43115,43116,43118,43120,43122,43124,43126],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43117,32687],{"class":147},[48,43119,151],{"class":62},[48,43121,4223],{"class":281},[48,43123,134],{"class":62},[48,43125,35005],{"class":25281},[48,43127,162],{"class":62},[48,43129,43130,43132,43134,43136,43138,43140],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43131,32687],{"class":147},[48,43133,151],{"class":62},[48,43135,282],{"class":281},[48,43137,134],{"class":62},[48,43139,14287],{"class":25281},[48,43141,162],{"class":62},[20,43143,43144,43145,9471,43147,28846,43152,43154,43155,43157],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43146,35564],{},[348,43148,43150],{"href":43149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43151,34847],{},[15,43153,34847],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43156,35564],{}," explains one of them.",[1752,43159,42889],{"id":35195},[20,43161,43162,43163,2973,43165,17798,43167,134],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43164,19139],{},[15,43166,35727],{},[15,43168,43169],{},"os",[39,43171,43173],{"className":41,"code":43172,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43174,43175,43181],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43176,43177,43179],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43178,35628],{"class":116},[48,43180,35631],{"class":54},[48,43182,43183,43185,43187,43189],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43184,32687],{"class":147},[48,43186,151],{"class":62},[48,43188,19139],{"class":137},[48,43190,162],{"class":62},[20,43192,43193,43194,43198,43199,134],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[348,43195,43197],{"href":43196},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[348,43200,35694],{"href":43201},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[34,43203,35455],{"id":35454},[20,43205,43206,43208],{},[15,43207,35564],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43210,43211],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[209,43213,43214,43217,43220,43223],{},[212,43215,43216],{},"The function signature",[212,43218,43219],{},"The short description",[212,43221,43222],{},"Parameter names",[212,43224,43225],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43227,6249],{},[39,43229,43231],{"className":41,"code":43230,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43232,43233],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43234,43235,43237,43239,43241,43243,43245],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43236,32687],{"class":147},[48,43238,151],{"class":62},[48,43240,4223],{"class":281},[48,43242,134],{"class":62},[48,43244,35005],{"class":25281},[48,43246,162],{"class":62},[20,43248,43249],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[209,43251,43252,43255,43258,43260],{},[212,43253,43254],{},"What object this is",[212,43256,43257],{},"What arguments it accepts",[212,43259,568],{},[212,43261,43262],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43264,43265],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[34,43267,43269],{"id":43268},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43271,43272,30407],{},[15,43273,35564],{},[209,43275,43276,43279,43282,43285],{},[212,43277,43278],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[212,43280,43281],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[212,43283,43284],{},"You are exploring a new module",[212,43286,43287],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43289,43290],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[39,43292,43293],{"className":41,"code":43230,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,43294,43295],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43296,43297,43299,43301,43303,43305,43307],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43298,32687],{"class":147},[48,43300,151],{"class":62},[48,43302,4223],{"class":281},[48,43304,134],{"class":62},[48,43306,35005],{"class":25281},[48,43308,162],{"class":62},[20,43310,43311],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[39,43313,43315],{"className":41,"code":43314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(open)\n",[15,43316,43317],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43318,43319,43321,43323,43325],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43320,32687],{"class":147},[48,43322,151],{"class":62},[48,43324,42970],{"class":147},[48,43326,162],{"class":62},[34,43328,43330],{"id":43329},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43332,43333,43335],{},[15,43334,35564],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[209,43337,43338,43341,43344,43347],{},[212,43339,43340],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[212,43342,43343],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[212,43345,43346],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[212,43348,43349],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43351,43352,43353,43355],{},"So, ",[15,43354,35564],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43357,6249],{},[39,43359,43361],{"className":41,"code":43360,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43362,43363,43376,43400,43404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43364,43365,43367,43369,43371,43374],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43366,35224],{"class":54},[48,43368,59],{"class":58},[48,43370,79],{"class":66},[48,43372,43373],{"class":70},"a,b,c",[48,43375,4138],{"class":66},[48,43377,43378,43381,43383,43386,43388,43390,43392,43394,43396,43398],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43379,43380],{"class":54},"parts ",[48,43382,59],{"class":58},[48,43384,43385],{"class":54}," text",[48,43387,134],{"class":62},[48,43389,35005],{"class":137},[48,43391,151],{"class":62},[48,43393,67],{"class":66},[48,43395,87],{"class":70},[48,43397,67],{"class":66},[48,43399,162],{"class":62},[48,43401,43402],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,43403,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,43405,43406,43408,43410,43413],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,43407,276],{"class":147},[48,43409,151],{"class":62},[48,43411,43412],{"class":137},"parts",[48,43414,162],{"class":62},[20,43416,6336],{},[39,43418,43420],{"className":41,"code":43419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43421,43422],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43423,43424,43426,43428,43430,43432,43434,43436,43438,43440,43442,43444,43446,43448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43425,682],{"class":62},[48,43427,311],{"class":66},[48,43429,348],{"class":70},[48,43431,311],{"class":66},[48,43433,87],{"class":62},[48,43435,320],{"class":66},[48,43437,2059],{"class":70},[48,43439,311],{"class":66},[48,43441,87],{"class":62},[48,43443,320],{"class":66},[48,43445,2265],{"class":70},[48,43447,311],{"class":66},[48,43449,1465],{"class":62},[20,43451,43452],{},"A good workflow is:",[29246,43454,43455,43460,43463,43466],{},[212,43456,189,43457,43459],{},[15,43458,35564],{}," to inspect something",[212,43461,43462],{},"Write a tiny example",[212,43464,43465],{},"Check the result",[212,43467,43468],{},"Repeat",[34,43470,43472],{"id":43471},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43474,43475,5174,43477,43479],{},[15,43476,35564],{},[15,43478,34847],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1752,43481,43482],{"id":32687},[15,43483,35564],{},[20,43485,189,43486,43488],{},[15,43487,35564],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43490,43491],{},"It tells you:",[209,43493,43494,43497,43500],{},[212,43495,43496],{},"What something is",[212,43498,43499],{},"How to use it",[212,43501,43502],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1752,43504,43505],{"id":34908},[15,43506,34847],{},[20,43508,189,43509,43511],{},[15,43510,34847],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[39,43513,43515],{"className":41,"code":43514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dir(str)\n",[15,43516,43517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43518,43519,43521,43523,43525],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43520,34908],{"class":147},[48,43522,151],{"class":62},[48,43524,4223],{"class":281},[48,43526,162],{"class":62},[20,43528,43529,43530,2973,43532,17798,43534,134],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43531,35005],{},[15,43533,9401],{},[15,43535,9407],{},[20,43537,43538,43539,76],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43540,35564],{},[39,43542,43544],{"className":41,"code":43543,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43545,43546],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43547,43548,43550,43552,43554,43556,43558],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43549,32687],{"class":147},[48,43551,151],{"class":62},[48,43553,4223],{"class":281},[48,43555,134],{"class":62},[48,43557,9407],{"class":25281},[48,43559,162],{"class":62},[20,43561,43562],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[209,43564,43565,43570],{},[212,43566,189,43567,43569],{},[15,43568,34847],{}," to discover options",[212,43571,189,43572,43574],{},[15,43573,35564],{}," to understand one option",[34,43576,1745],{"id":1744},[20,43578,43579,43580,134],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43581,35564],{},[1752,43583,9185,43585,43588,43589],{"id":43584},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43586,43587],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43590,43591],{},"help(len)",[20,43593,43594],{},"These are not always the same.",[39,43596,43598],{"className":41,"code":43597,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43599,43600,43610],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43601,43602,43604,43606,43608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43603,32687],{"class":147},[48,43605,151],{"class":62},[48,43607,11914],{"class":147},[48,43609,162],{"class":62},[48,43611,43612,43614,43616,43618,43620,43622],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43613,32687],{"class":147},[48,43615,151],{"class":62},[48,43617,311],{"class":66},[48,43619,11914],{"class":70},[48,43621,311],{"class":66},[48,43623,162],{"class":62},[20,43625,43626,43628],{},[15,43627,43591],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43630,43631,43633,43634,43637],{},[15,43632,43587],{}," treats ",[15,43635,43636],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1752,43639,43641],{"id":43640},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43643,43644,43646],{},[15,43645,35564],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43648,43649],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1752,43651,43653],{"id":43652},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43655,40885,43656,43658],{},[15,43657,35564],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43660,226],{},[39,43662,43664],{"className":41,"code":43663,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43665,43666,43676],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43667,43668,43670,43672,43674],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43669,32687],{"class":147},[48,43671,151],{"class":62},[48,43673,11914],{"class":147},[48,43675,162],{"class":62},[48,43677,43678,43680,43682,43684,43687,43689],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43679,276],{"class":147},[48,43681,151],{"class":62},[48,43683,67],{"class":66},[48,43685,43686],{"class":70},"Done",[48,43688,67],{"class":66},[48,43690,162],{"class":62},[20,43692,43693],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1752,43695,37744,43697,9471,43699],{"id":43696},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43698,35564],{},[15,43700,34847],{},[20,43702,43703,43704,134],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43705,34847],{},[20,43707,43708,43709,134],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43710,35564],{},[34,43712,43714],{"id":43713},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43716,43717],{},"Open Python:",[39,43719,43720],{"className":41,"code":36080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,43721,43722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43723,43724],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43725,36080],{"class":54},[20,43727,43728],{},"Then test these commands:",[39,43730,43732],{"className":41,"code":43731,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43733,43734,43744,43758,43772,43782,43797],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43735,43736,43738,43740,43742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43737,32687],{"class":147},[48,43739,151],{"class":62},[48,43741,11914],{"class":147},[48,43743,162],{"class":62},[48,43745,43746,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43747,32687],{"class":147},[48,43749,151],{"class":62},[48,43751,4223],{"class":281},[48,43753,134],{"class":62},[48,43755,35005],{"class":25281},[48,43757,162],{"class":62},[48,43759,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,43761,32687],{"class":147},[48,43763,151],{"class":62},[48,43765,282],{"class":281},[48,43767,134],{"class":62},[48,43769,14287],{"class":25281},[48,43771,162],{"class":62},[48,43773,43774,43776,43778,43780],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,43775,32687],{"class":147},[48,43777,151],{"class":62},[48,43779,42970],{"class":147},[48,43781,162],{"class":62},[48,43783,43784,43786,43788,43790,43793,43795],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,43785,32687],{"class":147},[48,43787,151],{"class":62},[48,43789,311],{"class":66},[48,43791,43792],{"class":70},"keywords",[48,43794,311],{"class":66},[48,43796,162],{"class":62},[48,43798,43799,43801,43803,43805],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,43800,34908],{"class":147},[48,43802,151],{"class":62},[48,43804,4223],{"class":281},[48,43806,162],{"class":62},[20,43808,43809],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[209,43811,43812,43815,43818,43821,43824,43827],{},[212,43813,43814],{},"A built-in function",[212,43816,43817],{},"A string method",[212,43819,43820],{},"A list method",[212,43822,43823],{},"A built-in file function",[212,43825,43826],{},"A special help topic",[212,43828,15917,43829,43831],{},[15,43830,34847],{}," example for comparison",[34,43833,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,43835,43837],{"id":43836},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43839,43840],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1752,43842,43844],{"id":43843},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43846,43847,43848,43850],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43849,35564],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[39,43852,43854],{"className":41,"code":43853,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43855,43856,43868,43881,43900,43904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43857,43858,43860,43862,43864,43866],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43859,35388],{"class":915},[48,43861,35392],{"class":35391},[48,43863,151],{"class":62},[48,43865,71],{"class":38203},[48,43867,9109],{"class":62},[48,43869,43870,43874,43878],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,43871,43873],{"class":43872},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[48,43875,43877],{"class":43876},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[48,43879,43880],{"class":43872},"\"\"\"\n",[48,43882,43883,43885,43888,43891,43893,43895,43897],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,43884,35399],{"class":116},[48,43886,43887],{"class":915}," f",[48,43889,43890],{"class":70},"\"Hello, ",[48,43892,537],{"class":99},[48,43894,71],{"class":54},[48,43896,925],{"class":99},[48,43898,43899],{"class":70},"!\"\n",[48,43901,43902],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,43903,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,43905,43906,43908,43910,43912],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,43907,32687],{"class":147},[48,43909,151],{"class":62},[48,43911,35434],{"class":137},[48,43913,162],{"class":62},[1752,43915,43917],{"id":43916},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43919,43920,43922,43923,43925],{},[15,43921,43591],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43924,43587],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1752,43927,43929],{"id":43928},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43931,43932],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[34,43934,2679],{"id":2678},[209,43936,43937,43942,43946,43951,43956],{},[212,43938,43939],{},[348,43940,43941],{"href":43149},"Python dir() function explained",[212,43943,43944],{},[348,43945,9209],{"href":3082},[212,43947,43948],{},[348,43949,43950],{"href":42901},"Python len() function explained",[212,43952,43953],{},[348,43954,43955],{"href":43196},"How import works in Python",[212,43957,43958],{},[348,43959,35694],{"href":43201},[20,43961,43962,43963,43965,43966,2973,43968,17798,43970,43972,43973,352,43976,43979],{},"Try ",[15,43964,35564],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43967,11914],{},[15,43969,276],{},[15,43971,43006],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43974,43975],{},"dir(str)",[15,43977,43978],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2711,43981,43982],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":43984},[43985,43986,43987,43988,43994,43995,43996,43997,44001,44009,44010,44016],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":42866,"depth":106,"text":42867},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":42991,"depth":106,"text":42992,"children":43989},[43990,43991,43992,43993],{"id":42995,"depth":113,"text":42996},{"id":43048,"depth":113,"text":43049},{"id":35042,"depth":113,"text":42886},{"id":35195,"depth":113,"text":42889},{"id":35454,"depth":106,"text":35455},{"id":43268,"depth":106,"text":43269},{"id":43329,"depth":106,"text":43330},{"id":43471,"depth":106,"text":43472,"children":43998},[43999,44000],{"id":32687,"depth":113,"text":35564},{"id":34908,"depth":113,"text":34847},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":44002},[44003,44005,44006,44007],{"id":43584,"depth":113,"text":44004},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43640,"depth":113,"text":43641},{"id":43652,"depth":113,"text":43653},{"id":43696,"depth":113,"text":44008},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43713,"depth":106,"text":43714},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":44011},[44012,44013,44014,44015],{"id":43836,"depth":113,"text":43837},{"id":43843,"depth":113,"text":43844},{"id":43916,"depth":113,"text":43917},{"id":43928,"depth":113,"text":43929},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42795,"description":44017},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":44023,"title":44024,"body":44025,"description":45387,"extension":2749,"meta":45388,"navigation":109,"path":45389,"seo":45390,"stem":45391,"__hash__":45392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":44026,"toc":45360},[44027,44033,44038,44044,44054,44113,44123,44134,44139,44145,44147,44165,44173,44175,44177,44192,44195,44206,44208,44299,44302,44306,44311,44332,44334,44445,44447,44474,44485,44489,44492,44575,44577,44585,44591,44597,44601,44604,44714,44716,44729,44732,44746,44754,44761,44766,44780,44786,44899,44901,44962,44965,44971,44977,44980,45002,45005,45075,45078,45110,45117,45119,45122,45140,45143,45155,45161,45163,45168,45194,45197,45269,45271,45277,45280,45286,45289,45295,45305,45311,45314,45321,45324,45326,45357],[10,44028,4356,44030,4360],{"id":44029},"python-id-function-explained",[15,44031,44032],{},"id()",[20,44034,32852,44035,44037],{},[15,44036,44032],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,44039,44040,44041,44043],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,44042,44032],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,44045,189,44046,44048,44049,44051,44052,134],{},[15,44047,44032],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[166,44050,5413],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,44053,2308],{},[39,44055,44057],{"className":41,"code":44056,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,44058,44059,44071,44085,44089,44099],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44060,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44062,8645],{"class":54},[48,44064,59],{"class":58},[48,44066,79],{"class":66},[48,44068,8066],{"class":70},[48,44070,4138],{"class":66},[48,44072,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081,44083],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,44074,276],{"class":147},[48,44076,151],{"class":62},[48,44078,13393],{"class":147},[48,44080,151],{"class":62},[48,44082,71],{"class":137},[48,44084,670],{"class":62},[48,44086,44087],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,44088,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,44090,44091,44094,44096],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,44092,44093],{"class":54},"other ",[48,44095,59],{"class":58},[48,44097,44098],{"class":54}," name\n",[48,44100,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,44102,276],{"class":147},[48,44104,151],{"class":62},[48,44106,13393],{"class":147},[48,44108,151],{"class":62},[48,44110,31277],{"class":137},[48,44112,670],{"class":62},[20,44114,44115,44116,44119,44120,44122],{},"In this example, ",[15,44117,44118],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,44121,44032],{}," values match.",[44124,44125,44126],"blockquote",{},[20,44127,189,44128,44130,44131,44133],{},[15,44129,44032],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44132,2308],{}," for value comparison.",[34,44135,196,44137,199],{"id":44136},"what-id-does",[15,44138,44032],{},[20,44140,44141,44144],{},[15,44142,44143],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44146,13792],{},[209,44148,44149,44152,44159,44162],{},[212,44150,44151],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[212,44153,44154,44155,44158],{},"It shows ",[166,44156,44157],{},"object identity",", not object value",[212,44160,44161],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[212,44163,44164],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44166,44167,44168,44172],{},"This is closely related to how ",[348,44169,44171],{"href":44170},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[34,44174,360],{"id":359},[20,44176,363],{},[39,44178,44180],{"className":41,"code":44179,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"id(object)\n",[15,44181,44182],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44183,44184,44186,44188,44190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44185,13393],{"class":147},[48,44187,151],{"class":62},[48,44189,42942],{"class":281},[48,44191,162],{"class":62},[20,44193,44194],{},"Important details:",[209,44196,44197,44200,44203],{},[212,44198,44199],{},"It takes one argument",[212,44201,44202],{},"It returns an integer",[212,44204,44205],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44207,226],{},[39,44209,44211],{"className":41,"code":44210,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44212,44213,44225,44233,44253,44257,44271,44285],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44214,44215,44217,44219,44221,44223],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44216,35224],{"class":54},[48,44218,59],{"class":58},[48,44220,79],{"class":66},[48,44222,4628],{"class":70},[48,44224,4138],{"class":66},[48,44226,44227,44229,44231],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,44228,3001],{"class":54},[48,44230,59],{"class":58},[48,44232,3551],{"class":99},[48,44234,44235,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247,44249,44251],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,44236,8549],{"class":54},[48,44238,59],{"class":58},[48,44240,4404],{"class":62},[48,44242,3770],{"class":99},[48,44244,87],{"class":62},[48,44246,632],{"class":99},[48,44248,87],{"class":62},[48,44250,800],{"class":99},[48,44252,1465],{"class":62},[48,44254,44255],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,44256,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,44258,44259,44261,44263,44265,44267,44269],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,44260,276],{"class":147},[48,44262,151],{"class":62},[48,44264,13393],{"class":147},[48,44266,151],{"class":62},[48,44268,35245],{"class":137},[48,44270,670],{"class":62},[48,44272,44273,44275,44277,44279,44281,44283],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,44274,276],{"class":147},[48,44276,151],{"class":62},[48,44278,13393],{"class":147},[48,44280,151],{"class":62},[48,44282,3023],{"class":137},[48,44284,670],{"class":62},[48,44286,44287,44289,44291,44293,44295,44297],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,44288,276],{"class":147},[48,44290,151],{"class":62},[48,44292,13393],{"class":147},[48,44294,151],{"class":62},[48,44296,138],{"class":137},[48,44298,670],{"class":62},[20,44300,44301],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[34,44303,44305],{"id":44304},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44307,44308,44309,134],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44310,44032],{},[209,44312,44313,44320,44327],{},[212,44314,44315,44317,44318],{},[15,44316,2308],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[166,44319,933],{},[212,44321,44322,44324,44325],{},[15,44323,12939],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[166,44326,42942],{},[212,44328,44329,44331],{},[15,44330,44032],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44333,226],{},[39,44335,44337],{"className":41,"code":44336,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44338,44339,44359,44379,44383,44400,44417,44431],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44340,44341,44343,44345,44347,44349,44351,44353,44355,44357],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44342,3338],{"class":54},[48,44344,59],{"class":58},[48,44346,4404],{"class":62},[48,44348,3770],{"class":99},[48,44350,87],{"class":62},[48,44352,632],{"class":99},[48,44354,87],{"class":62},[48,44356,800],{"class":99},[48,44358,1465],{"class":62},[48,44360,44361,44363,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375,44377],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,44362,3365],{"class":54},[48,44364,59],{"class":58},[48,44366,4404],{"class":62},[48,44368,3770],{"class":99},[48,44370,87],{"class":62},[48,44372,632],{"class":99},[48,44374,87],{"class":62},[48,44376,800],{"class":99},[48,44378,1465],{"class":62},[48,44380,44381],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,44382,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,44384,44385,44387,44389,44391,44393,44395,44397],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,44386,276],{"class":147},[48,44388,151],{"class":62},[48,44390,3338],{"class":137},[48,44392,2308],{"class":58},[48,44394,3343],{"class":137},[48,44396,4442],{"class":62},[48,44398,44399],{"class":4445},"   # True\n",[48,44401,44402,44404,44406,44408,44410,44412,44414],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,44403,276],{"class":147},[48,44405,151],{"class":62},[48,44407,3338],{"class":137},[48,44409,12939],{"class":116},[48,44411,3343],{"class":137},[48,44413,4442],{"class":62},[48,44415,44416],{"class":4445},"   # False\n",[48,44418,44419,44421,44423,44425,44427,44429],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,44420,276],{"class":147},[48,44422,151],{"class":62},[48,44424,13393],{"class":147},[48,44426,151],{"class":62},[48,44428,348],{"class":137},[48,44430,670],{"class":62},[48,44432,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441,44443],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,44434,276],{"class":147},[48,44436,151],{"class":62},[48,44438,13393],{"class":147},[48,44440,151],{"class":62},[48,44442,2059],{"class":137},[48,44444,670],{"class":62},[20,44446,2962],{},[209,44448,44449,44457,44465],{},[212,44450,44451,5565,44454,44456],{},[15,44452,44453],{},"a == b",[15,44455,4385],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[212,44458,44459,5565,44462,44464],{},[15,44460,44461],{},"a is b",[15,44463,4456],{}," because they are different list objects",[212,44466,44467,5174,44470,44473],{},[15,44468,44469],{},"id(a)",[15,44471,44472],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44475,44476,44477,5174,44481,134],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[348,44478,44480],{"href":44479},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[348,44482,44484],{"href":44483},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[34,44486,44488],{"id":44487},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44490,44491],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[39,44493,44495],{"className":41,"code":44494,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44496,44497,44517,44527,44531,44545,44560],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44498,44499,44501,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511,44513,44515],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44500,2232],{"class":54},[48,44502,59],{"class":58},[48,44504,4404],{"class":62},[48,44506,3114],{"class":99},[48,44508,87],{"class":62},[48,44510,2506],{"class":99},[48,44512,87],{"class":62},[48,44514,8564],{"class":99},[48,44516,1465],{"class":62},[48,44518,44519,44522,44524],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,44520,44521],{"class":54},"other_numbers ",[48,44523,59],{"class":58},[48,44525,44526],{"class":54}," numbers\n",[48,44528,44529],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,44530,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,44532,44533,44535,44537,44539,44541,44543],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,44534,276],{"class":147},[48,44536,151],{"class":62},[48,44538,13393],{"class":147},[48,44540,151],{"class":62},[48,44542,2411],{"class":137},[48,44544,670],{"class":62},[48,44546,44547,44549,44551,44553,44555,44558],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,44548,276],{"class":147},[48,44550,151],{"class":62},[48,44552,13393],{"class":147},[48,44554,151],{"class":62},[48,44556,44557],{"class":137},"other_numbers",[48,44559,670],{"class":62},[48,44561,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570,44573],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,44563,276],{"class":147},[48,44565,151],{"class":62},[48,44567,2232],{"class":137},[48,44569,12939],{"class":116},[48,44571,44572],{"class":137}," other_numbers",[48,44574,162],{"class":62},[20,44576,6336],{},[39,44578,44579],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,44580,44581],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44582,44583],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44584,4761],{"class":1642},[20,44586,44587,44588,44590],{},"The two ",[15,44589,44032],{}," values will also match.",[20,44592,805,44593,44596],{},[15,44594,44595],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[34,44598,44600],{"id":44599},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44602,44603],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[39,44605,44607],{"className":41,"code":44606,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44608,44609,44630,44651,44655,44670,44684,44699],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44610,44611,44614,44616,44618,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44612,44613],{"class":54},"list_a ",[48,44615,59],{"class":58},[48,44617,4404],{"class":62},[48,44619,3770],{"class":99},[48,44621,87],{"class":62},[48,44623,632],{"class":99},[48,44625,87],{"class":62},[48,44627,800],{"class":99},[48,44629,1465],{"class":62},[48,44631,44632,44635,44637,44639,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,44633,44634],{"class":54},"list_b ",[48,44636,59],{"class":58},[48,44638,4404],{"class":62},[48,44640,3770],{"class":99},[48,44642,87],{"class":62},[48,44644,632],{"class":99},[48,44646,87],{"class":62},[48,44648,800],{"class":99},[48,44650,1465],{"class":62},[48,44652,44653],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,44654,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,44656,44657,44659,44661,44663,44665,44668],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,44658,276],{"class":147},[48,44660,151],{"class":62},[48,44662,44613],{"class":137},[48,44664,2308],{"class":58},[48,44666,44667],{"class":137}," list_b",[48,44669,162],{"class":62},[48,44671,44672,44674,44676,44678,44680,44682],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,44673,276],{"class":147},[48,44675,151],{"class":62},[48,44677,44613],{"class":137},[48,44679,12939],{"class":116},[48,44681,44667],{"class":137},[48,44683,162],{"class":62},[48,44685,44686,44688,44690,44692,44694,44697],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,44687,276],{"class":147},[48,44689,151],{"class":62},[48,44691,13393],{"class":147},[48,44693,151],{"class":62},[48,44695,44696],{"class":137},"list_a",[48,44698,670],{"class":62},[48,44700,44701,44703,44705,44707,44709,44712],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,44702,276],{"class":147},[48,44704,151],{"class":62},[48,44706,13393],{"class":147},[48,44708,151],{"class":62},[48,44710,44711],{"class":137},"list_b",[48,44713,670],{"class":62},[20,44715,6336],{},[39,44717,44719],{"className":41,"code":44718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44720,44721,44725],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44722,44723],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44724,4761],{"class":1642},[48,44726,44727],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,44728,4822],{"class":1642},[20,44730,44731],{},"What this means:",[209,44733,44734,44737,44740],{},[212,44735,44736],{},"The lists are equal in value",[212,44738,44739],{},"They are not the same object",[212,44741,44742,44743,44745],{},"Their ",[15,44744,44032],{}," values are usually different",[20,44747,44748,44749,44751,44752,134],{},"This is why ",[15,44750,44032],{}," should not replace ",[15,44753,2308],{},[34,44755,44757,44758,44760],{"id":44756},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44759,44032],{}," is useful",[20,44762,44763,44765],{},[15,44764,44032],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[209,44767,44768,44771,44774,44777],{},[212,44769,44770],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[212,44772,44773],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[212,44775,44776],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[212,44778,44779],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44781,44782,44783,44785],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44784,44032],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[39,44787,44789],{"className":41,"code":44788,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44790,44791,44815,44824,44828,44847,44851,44861,44871,44885],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44792,44793,44795,44797,44799,44801,44803,44805,44807,44809,44811,44813],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44794,12831],{"class":54},[48,44796,59],{"class":58},[48,44798,4404],{"class":62},[48,44800,67],{"class":66},[48,44802,348],{"class":70},[48,44804,67],{"class":66},[48,44806,87],{"class":62},[48,44808,79],{"class":66},[48,44810,2059],{"class":70},[48,44812,67],{"class":66},[48,44814,1465],{"class":62},[48,44816,44817,44820,44822],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,44818,44819],{"class":54},"copy_ref ",[48,44821,59],{"class":58},[48,44823,12869],{"class":54},[48,44825,44826],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,44827,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,44829,44830,44833,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843,44845],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,44831,44832],{"class":54},"copy_ref",[48,44834,134],{"class":62},[48,44836,14287],{"class":137},[48,44838,151],{"class":62},[48,44840,67],{"class":66},[48,44842,2265],{"class":70},[48,44844,67],{"class":66},[48,44846,162],{"class":62},[48,44848,44849],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,44850,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,44852,44853,44855,44857,44859],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,44854,276],{"class":147},[48,44856,151],{"class":62},[48,44858,12878],{"class":137},[48,44860,162],{"class":62},[48,44862,44863,44865,44867,44869],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,44864,276],{"class":147},[48,44866,151],{"class":62},[48,44868,44832],{"class":137},[48,44870,162],{"class":62},[48,44872,44873,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,44874,276],{"class":147},[48,44876,151],{"class":62},[48,44878,13393],{"class":147},[48,44880,151],{"class":62},[48,44882,12878],{"class":137},[48,44884,670],{"class":62},[48,44886,44887,44889,44891,44893,44895,44897],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,44888,276],{"class":147},[48,44890,151],{"class":62},[48,44892,13393],{"class":147},[48,44894,151],{"class":62},[48,44896,44832],{"class":137},[48,44898,670],{"class":62},[20,44900,6336],{},[39,44902,44904],{"className":41,"code":44903,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44905,44906,44934],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44907,44908,44910,44912,44914,44916,44918,44920,44922,44924,44926,44928,44930,44932],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44909,682],{"class":62},[48,44911,311],{"class":66},[48,44913,348],{"class":70},[48,44915,311],{"class":66},[48,44917,87],{"class":62},[48,44919,320],{"class":66},[48,44921,2059],{"class":70},[48,44923,311],{"class":66},[48,44925,87],{"class":62},[48,44927,320],{"class":66},[48,44929,2265],{"class":70},[48,44931,311],{"class":66},[48,44933,1465],{"class":62},[48,44935,44936,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948,44950,44952,44954,44956,44958,44960],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,44937,682],{"class":62},[48,44939,311],{"class":66},[48,44941,348],{"class":70},[48,44943,311],{"class":66},[48,44945,87],{"class":62},[48,44947,320],{"class":66},[48,44949,2059],{"class":70},[48,44951,311],{"class":66},[48,44953,87],{"class":62},[48,44955,320],{"class":66},[48,44957,2265],{"class":70},[48,44959,311],{"class":66},[48,44961,1465],{"class":62},[20,44963,44964],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[34,44966,44968,44969],{"id":44967},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44970,44032],{},[20,44972,44973,44974,44976],{},"Do not use ",[15,44975,44032],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44978,44979],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[209,44981,44982,44988,44994,44997],{},[212,44983,44984,44985,44987],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44986,2308],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[212,44989,44990,44991,44993],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44992,44032],{}," values across program runs",[212,44995,44996],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[212,44998,44999,45000],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,45001,44032],{},[20,45003,45004],{},"Bad example:",[39,45006,45008],{"className":41,"code":45007,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45009,45010,45022,45034,45038,45060],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45011,45012,45014,45016,45018,45020],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45013,3338],{"class":54},[48,45015,59],{"class":58},[48,45017,79],{"class":66},[48,45019,37587],{"class":70},[48,45021,4138],{"class":66},[48,45023,45024,45026,45028,45030,45032],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45025,3365],{"class":54},[48,45027,59],{"class":58},[48,45029,79],{"class":66},[48,45031,37587],{"class":70},[48,45033,4138],{"class":66},[48,45035,45036],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,45037,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,45039,45040,45042,45044,45046,45048,45050,45052,45054,45056,45058],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,45041,7767],{"class":116},[48,45043,15546],{"class":147},[48,45045,151],{"class":62},[48,45047,348],{"class":137},[48,45049,4442],{"class":62},[48,45051,7181],{"class":58},[48,45053,15546],{"class":147},[48,45055,151],{"class":62},[48,45057,2059],{"class":137},[48,45059,9109],{"class":62},[48,45061,45062,45064,45066,45068,45071,45073],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,45063,148],{"class":147},[48,45065,151],{"class":62},[48,45067,67],{"class":66},[48,45069,45070],{"class":70},"The values are equal",[48,45072,67],{"class":66},[48,45074,162],{"class":62},[20,45076,45077],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[39,45079,45081],{"className":41,"code":45080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45082,45083,45096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45084,45085,45087,45090,45092,45094],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45086,7767],{"class":116},[48,45088,45089],{"class":54}," a ",[48,45091,2308],{"class":58},[48,45093,3343],{"class":54},[48,45095,1053],{"class":62},[48,45097,45098,45100,45102,45104,45106,45108],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45099,148],{"class":147},[48,45101,151],{"class":62},[48,45103,67],{"class":66},[48,45105,45070],{"class":70},[48,45107,67],{"class":66},[48,45109,162],{"class":62},[20,45111,189,45112,352,45114,45116],{},[15,45113,12939],{},[15,45115,44032],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[34,45118,21519],{"id":21518},[20,45120,45121],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[209,45123,45124,45127,45130,45135],{},[212,45125,45126],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[212,45128,45129],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[212,45131,45132,45133],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45134,44032],{},[212,45136,45137,45138],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45139,44032],{},[20,45141,45142],{},"The important rule is:",[209,45144,45145,45150],{},[212,45146,189,45147,45149],{},[15,45148,2308],{}," to check value",[212,45151,189,45152,45154],{},[15,45153,12939],{}," to check identity",[20,45156,45157,45158,45160],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45159,44032],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[34,45162,1745],{"id":1744},[20,45164,45165,45166,76],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45167,44032],{},[209,45169,45170,45178,45181,45184,45189],{},[212,45171,9185,45172,45174,45175,45177],{},[15,45173,44032],{}," when ",[15,45176,2308],{}," should be used",[212,45179,45180],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[212,45182,45183],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[212,45185,45186,45187],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45188,44032],{},[212,45190,9185,45191,45193],{},[15,45192,44032],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45195,45196],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[39,45198,45200],{"className":41,"code":45199,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45201,45202,45217,45231,45245,45259],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45203,45204,45206,45208,45210,45212,45215],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45205,276],{"class":147},[48,45207,151],{"class":62},[48,45209,13393],{"class":147},[48,45211,151],{"class":62},[48,45213,45214],{"class":137},"my_object",[48,45216,670],{"class":62},[48,45218,45219,45221,45223,45225,45227,45229],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45220,276],{"class":147},[48,45222,151],{"class":62},[48,45224,3338],{"class":137},[48,45226,2308],{"class":58},[48,45228,3343],{"class":137},[48,45230,162],{"class":62},[48,45232,45233,45235,45237,45239,45241,45243],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,45234,276],{"class":147},[48,45236,151],{"class":62},[48,45238,3338],{"class":137},[48,45240,12939],{"class":116},[48,45242,3343],{"class":137},[48,45244,162],{"class":62},[48,45246,45247,45249,45251,45253,45255,45257],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,45248,276],{"class":147},[48,45250,151],{"class":62},[48,45252,2094],{"class":281},[48,45254,151],{"class":62},[48,45256,45214],{"class":137},[48,45258,670],{"class":62},[48,45260,45261,45263,45265,45267],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,45262,32687],{"class":147},[48,45264,151],{"class":62},[48,45266,13393],{"class":147},[48,45268,162],{"class":62},[34,45270,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,45272,45274,45275,13459],{"id":45273},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45276,44032],{},[20,45278,45279],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1752,45281,15632,45283,45285],{"id":45282},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45284,44032],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45287,45288],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1752,45290,22138,45292,45294],{"id":45291},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45293,44032],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45296,30804,45297,45299,45300,352,45302,45304],{},[15,45298,2308],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45301,44032],{},[15,45303,12939],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1752,45306,45308,45309,2623],{"id":45307},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45310,44032],{},[20,45312,45313],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1752,45315,45317,45318,45320],{"id":45316},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45319,44032],{}," values?",[20,45322,45323],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[34,45325,2679],{"id":2678},[209,45327,45328,45333,45338,45343,45351],{},[212,45329,45330],{},[348,45331,45332],{"href":44170},"Python variables explained for beginners",[212,45334,45335],{},[348,45336,45337],{"href":44479},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[212,45339,45340],{},[348,45341,45342],{"href":44483},"Python data types overview",[212,45344,45345],{},[348,45346,4356,45348,4289],{"href":45347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45349,45350],{},"isinstance()",[212,45352,45353],{},[348,45354,45356],{"href":45355},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2711,45358,45359],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":45361},[45362,45364,45365,45366,45367,45368,45370,45372,45373,45374,45386],{"id":44136,"depth":106,"text":45363},"What id() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":44304,"depth":106,"text":44305},{"id":44487,"depth":106,"text":44488},{"id":44599,"depth":106,"text":44600},{"id":44756,"depth":106,"text":45369},"When id() is useful",{"id":44967,"depth":106,"text":45371},"When not to use id()",{"id":21518,"depth":106,"text":21519},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":45375},[45376,45378,45380,45382,45384],{"id":45273,"depth":113,"text":45377},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45282,"depth":113,"text":45379},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45291,"depth":113,"text":45381},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45307,"depth":113,"text":45383},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45316,"depth":113,"text":45385},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":44024,"description":45387},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45394,"title":42737,"body":45395,"description":47035,"extension":2749,"meta":47036,"navigation":109,"path":47037,"seo":47038,"stem":47039,"__hash__":47040},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45396,"toc":47001},[45397,45402,45407,45410,45412,45455,45460,45463,45468,45473,45476,45492,45494,45538,45540,45567,45569,45584,45586,45588,45590,45606,45608,45620,45623,45657,45660,45685,45690,45692,45697,45701,45704,45706,45754,45756,45789,45795,45806,45808,45860,45862,45893,45895,45899,45903,45946,45952,45958,46010,46018,46023,46027,46118,46120,46153,46156,46158,46218,46220,46246,46256,46258,46262,46267,46272,46274,46311,46313,46332,46335,46339,46342,46398,46410,46419,46421,46448,46456,46463,46467,46470,46507,46510,46516,46553,46555,46559,46565,46583,46588,46636,46640,46729,46732,46739,46741,46743,46748,46766,46768,46811,46817,46834,46836,46898,46900,46902,46908,46916,46922,46928,46937,46947,46951,46959,46961,46963,46998],[10,45398,4356,45400,4360],{"id":45399},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45401,3739],{},[20,45403,22,45404,45406],{},[15,45405,3739],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45408,45409],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[34,45411,37],{"id":36},[39,45413,45415],{"className":41,"code":45414,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45416,45417,45436],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45418,45419,45421,45423,45425,45427,45429,45432,45434],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45420,8645],{"class":54},[48,45422,59],{"class":58},[48,45424,9009],{"class":147},[48,45426,151],{"class":62},[48,45428,67],{"class":66},[48,45430,45431],{"class":70},"Enter your name: ",[48,45433,67],{"class":66},[48,45435,162],{"class":62},[48,45437,45438,45440,45442,45444,45447,45449,45451,45453],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45439,276],{"class":147},[48,45441,151],{"class":62},[48,45443,67],{"class":66},[48,45445,45446],{"class":70},"Hello, ",[48,45448,67],{"class":66},[48,45450,3238],{"class":58},[48,45452,36530],{"class":137},[48,45454,162],{"class":62},[20,45456,189,45457,45459],{},[15,45458,3739],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45461,45462],"hr",{},[34,45464,196,45466,199],{"id":45465},"what-input-does",[15,45467,3739],{},[20,45469,45470,45472],{},[15,45471,3739],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45474,45475],{},"Here is what happens:",[209,45477,45478,45483,45486,45489],{},[212,45479,45480,45482],{},[15,45481,3739],{}," waits for the user to type",[212,45484,45485],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[212,45487,45488],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[212,45490,45491],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45493,226],{},[39,45495,45497],{"className":41,"code":45496,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45498,45499,45519],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45500,45501,45504,45506,45508,45510,45512,45515,45517],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45502,45503],{"class":54},"color ",[48,45505,59],{"class":58},[48,45507,9009],{"class":147},[48,45509,151],{"class":62},[48,45511,67],{"class":66},[48,45513,45514],{"class":70},"What is your favorite color? ",[48,45516,67],{"class":66},[48,45518,162],{"class":62},[48,45520,45521,45523,45525,45527,45530,45532,45534,45536],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45522,276],{"class":147},[48,45524,151],{"class":62},[48,45526,67],{"class":66},[48,45528,45529],{"class":70},"Your favorite color is",[48,45531,67],{"class":66},[48,45533,87],{"class":62},[48,45535,36389],{"class":137},[48,45537,162],{"class":62},[20,45539,30563],{},[39,45541,45543],{"className":41,"code":45542,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45544,45545,45558],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45546,45547,45549,45551,45554,45556],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45548,196],{"class":54},[48,45550,12939],{"class":58},[48,45552,45553],{"class":54}," your favorite color",[48,45555,2623],{"class":37907},[48,45557,36419],{"class":54},[48,45559,45560,45563,45565],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45561,45562],{"class":54},"Your favorite color ",[48,45564,12939],{"class":58},[48,45566,36419],{"class":54},[20,45568,20676],{},[209,45570,45571,45576,45581],{},[212,45572,45573,45574],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45575,45514],{},[212,45577,45578,45579],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45580,33426],{},[212,45582,45583],{},"That value is then printed",[45461,45585],{},[34,45587,360],{"id":359},[20,45589,7987],{},[39,45591,45593],{"className":41,"code":45592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45594,45595],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45596,45597,45599,45601,45604],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45598,43006],{"class":147},[48,45600,151],{"class":62},[48,45602,45603],{"class":137},"prompt",[48,45605,162],{"class":62},[20,45607,207],{},[209,45609,45610,45614,45617],{},[212,45611,22,45612,20758],{},[15,45613,45603],{},[212,45615,45616],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[212,45618,45619],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45621,45622],{},"Example with a prompt:",[39,45624,45626],{"className":41,"code":45625,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45627,45628,45647],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45629,45630,45632,45634,45636,45638,45640,45643,45645],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45631,8729],{"class":54},[48,45633,59],{"class":58},[48,45635,9009],{"class":147},[48,45637,151],{"class":62},[48,45639,67],{"class":66},[48,45641,45642],{"class":70},"Enter your username: ",[48,45644,67],{"class":66},[48,45646,162],{"class":62},[48,45648,45649,45651,45653,45655],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45650,276],{"class":147},[48,45652,151],{"class":62},[48,45654,8753],{"class":137},[48,45656,162],{"class":62},[20,45658,45659],{},"Example without a prompt:",[39,45661,45663],{"className":41,"code":45662,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45664,45665,45675],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45666,45667,45669,45671,45673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45668,3231],{"class":54},[48,45670,59],{"class":58},[48,45672,9009],{"class":147},[48,45674,380],{"class":62},[48,45676,45677,45679,45681,45683],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45678,276],{"class":147},[48,45680,151],{"class":62},[48,45682,933],{"class":137},[48,45684,162],{"class":62},[20,45686,8532,45687,45689],{},[15,45688,3739],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45461,45691],{},[34,45693,196,45695,12453],{"id":45694},"what-input-returns",[15,45696,3739],{},[20,45698,45699,8992],{},[15,45700,3739],{},[20,45702,45703],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45705,226],{},[39,45707,45709],{"className":41,"code":45708,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45710,45711,45730,45740],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45712,45713,45715,45717,45719,45721,45723,45726,45728],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45714,183],{"class":54},[48,45716,59],{"class":58},[48,45718,9009],{"class":147},[48,45720,151],{"class":62},[48,45722,67],{"class":66},[48,45724,45725],{"class":70},"Enter your age: ",[48,45727,67],{"class":66},[48,45729,162],{"class":62},[48,45731,45732,45734,45736,45738],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45733,276],{"class":147},[48,45735,151],{"class":62},[48,45737,92],{"class":137},[48,45739,162],{"class":62},[48,45741,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750,45752],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,45743,276],{"class":147},[48,45745,151],{"class":62},[48,45747,2094],{"class":281},[48,45749,151],{"class":62},[48,45751,92],{"class":137},[48,45753,670],{"class":62},[20,45755,30563],{},[39,45757,45759],{"className":41,"code":45758,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45760,45761,45771,45775],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45762,45763,45766,45768],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45764,45765],{"class":54},"Enter your age",[48,45767,76],{"class":62},[48,45769,45770],{"class":99}," 25\n",[48,45772,45773],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45774,186],{"class":99},[48,45776,45777,45779,45781,45783,45785,45787],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,45778,2168],{"class":58},[48,45780,2171],{"class":915},[48,45782,320],{"class":66},[48,45784,4223],{"class":70},[48,45786,311],{"class":66},[48,45788,2180],{"class":58},[20,45790,45791,45792,45794],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45793,9959],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45796,45797,45798,352,45802,134],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[348,45799,45800],{"href":3656},[15,45801,3659],{},[348,45803,45804],{"href":3662},[15,45805,3665],{},[20,45807,226],{},[39,45809,45811],{"className":41,"code":45810,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45812,45813,45836,45846],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45814,45815,45817,45819,45822,45824,45826,45828,45830,45832,45834],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45816,183],{"class":54},[48,45818,59],{"class":58},[48,45820,45821],{"class":281}," int",[48,45823,151],{"class":62},[48,45825,43006],{"class":147},[48,45827,151],{"class":62},[48,45829,67],{"class":66},[48,45831,45725],{"class":70},[48,45833,67],{"class":66},[48,45835,670],{"class":62},[48,45837,45838,45840,45842,45844],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45839,276],{"class":147},[48,45841,151],{"class":62},[48,45843,92],{"class":137},[48,45845,162],{"class":62},[48,45847,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856,45858],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,45849,276],{"class":147},[48,45851,151],{"class":62},[48,45853,2094],{"class":281},[48,45855,151],{"class":62},[48,45857,92],{"class":137},[48,45859,670],{"class":62},[20,45861,30563],{},[39,45863,45865],{"className":41,"code":45864,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45866,45867,45875,45879],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45868,45869,45871,45873],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45870,45765],{"class":54},[48,45872,76],{"class":62},[48,45874,45770],{"class":99},[48,45876,45877],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45878,186],{"class":99},[48,45880,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,45882,2168],{"class":58},[48,45884,2171],{"class":915},[48,45886,320],{"class":66},[48,45888,2972],{"class":70},[48,45890,311],{"class":66},[48,45892,2180],{"class":58},[45461,45894],{},[34,45896,45898],{"id":45897},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1752,45900,45902],{"id":45901},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[39,45904,45906],{"className":41,"code":45905,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45907,45908,45927],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45909,45910,45912,45914,45916,45918,45920,45923,45925],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45911,8645],{"class":54},[48,45913,59],{"class":58},[48,45915,9009],{"class":147},[48,45917,151],{"class":62},[48,45919,67],{"class":66},[48,45921,45922],{"class":70},"What is your name? ",[48,45924,67],{"class":66},[48,45926,162],{"class":62},[48,45928,45929,45931,45933,45935,45938,45940,45942,45944],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45930,276],{"class":147},[48,45932,151],{"class":62},[48,45934,67],{"class":66},[48,45936,45937],{"class":70},"Hello,",[48,45939,67],{"class":66},[48,45941,87],{"class":62},[48,45943,36530],{"class":137},[48,45945,162],{"class":62},[20,45947,45948,45949,45951],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45950,71],{}," and prints it.",[1752,45953,45955,45956],{"id":45954},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45957,3659],{},[39,45959,45961],{"className":41,"code":45960,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45962,45963,45986],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45964,45965,45967,45969,45971,45973,45975,45977,45979,45982,45984],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45966,183],{"class":54},[48,45968,59],{"class":58},[48,45970,45821],{"class":281},[48,45972,151],{"class":62},[48,45974,43006],{"class":147},[48,45976,151],{"class":62},[48,45978,67],{"class":66},[48,45980,45981],{"class":70},"How old are you? ",[48,45983,67],{"class":66},[48,45985,670],{"class":62},[48,45987,45988,45990,45992,45994,45997,45999,46001,46004,46006,46008],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,45989,276],{"class":147},[48,45991,151],{"class":62},[48,45993,67],{"class":66},[48,45995,45996],{"class":70},"Next year you will be",[48,45998,67],{"class":66},[48,46000,87],{"class":62},[48,46002,46003],{"class":137}," age ",[48,46005,2845],{"class":58},[48,46007,618],{"class":99},[48,46009,162],{"class":62},[20,46011,6835,46012,46014,46015,46017],{},[15,46013,3659],{}," converts the text from ",[15,46016,3739],{}," into a whole number.",[20,46019,46020,46021,134],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[348,46022,9748],{"href":9747},[1752,46024,46026],{"id":46025},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[39,46028,46030],{"className":41,"code":46029,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,46031,46032,46056,46080,46094,46098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46033,46034,46037,46039,46041,46043,46045,46047,46049,46052,46054],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46035,46036],{"class":54},"num1 ",[48,46038,59],{"class":58},[48,46040,45821],{"class":281},[48,46042,151],{"class":62},[48,46044,43006],{"class":147},[48,46046,151],{"class":62},[48,46048,67],{"class":66},[48,46050,46051],{"class":70},"Enter the first number: ",[48,46053,67],{"class":66},[48,46055,670],{"class":62},[48,46057,46058,46061,46063,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46076,46078],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46059,46060],{"class":54},"num2 ",[48,46062,59],{"class":58},[48,46064,45821],{"class":281},[48,46066,151],{"class":62},[48,46068,43006],{"class":147},[48,46070,151],{"class":62},[48,46072,67],{"class":66},[48,46074,46075],{"class":70},"Enter the second number: ",[48,46077,67],{"class":66},[48,46079,670],{"class":62},[48,46081,46082,46084,46086,46089,46091],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,46083,41725],{"class":54},[48,46085,59],{"class":58},[48,46087,46088],{"class":54}," num1 ",[48,46090,2845],{"class":58},[48,46092,46093],{"class":54}," num2\n",[48,46095,46096],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,46097,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,46099,46100,46102,46104,46106,46109,46111,46113,46116],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,46101,276],{"class":147},[48,46103,151],{"class":62},[48,46105,67],{"class":66},[48,46107,46108],{"class":70},"Total:",[48,46110,67],{"class":66},[48,46112,87],{"class":62},[48,46114,46115],{"class":137}," total",[48,46117,162],{"class":62},[20,46119,30563],{},[39,46121,46123],{"className":41,"code":46122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,46124,46125,46135,46144],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46126,46127,46130,46132],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46128,46129],{"class":54},"Enter the first number",[48,46131,76],{"class":62},[48,46133,46134],{"class":99}," 2\n",[48,46136,46137,46140,46142],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46138,46139],{"class":54},"Enter the second number",[48,46141,76],{"class":62},[48,46143,698],{"class":99},[48,46145,46146,46149,46151],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,46147,46148],{"class":54},"Total",[48,46150,76],{"class":62},[48,46152,35379],{"class":99},[20,46154,46155],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46157,226],{},[39,46159,46161],{"className":41,"code":46160,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46162,46163,46181,46199,46203],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46164,46165,46167,46169,46171,46173,46175,46177,46179],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46166,46036],{"class":54},[48,46168,59],{"class":58},[48,46170,9009],{"class":147},[48,46172,151],{"class":62},[48,46174,67],{"class":66},[48,46176,46051],{"class":70},[48,46178,67],{"class":66},[48,46180,162],{"class":62},[48,46182,46183,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193,46195,46197],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46184,46060],{"class":54},[48,46186,59],{"class":58},[48,46188,9009],{"class":147},[48,46190,151],{"class":62},[48,46192,67],{"class":66},[48,46194,46075],{"class":70},[48,46196,67],{"class":66},[48,46198,162],{"class":62},[48,46200,46201],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,46202,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,46204,46205,46207,46209,46211,46213,46216],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,46206,276],{"class":147},[48,46208,151],{"class":62},[48,46210,46036],{"class":137},[48,46212,2845],{"class":58},[48,46214,46215],{"class":137}," num2",[48,46217,162],{"class":62},[20,46219,30563],{},[39,46221,46223],{"className":41,"code":46222,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46224,46225,46233,46241],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46226,46227,46229,46231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46228,46129],{"class":54},[48,46230,76],{"class":62},[48,46232,46134],{"class":99},[48,46234,46235,46237,46239],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46236,46139],{"class":54},[48,46238,76],{"class":62},[48,46240,698],{"class":99},[48,46242,46243],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,46244,46245],{"class":99},"23\n",[20,46247,46248,46249,46252,46253,134],{},"That happens because ",[15,46250,46251],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46254,46255],{},"\"23\"",[45461,46257],{},[34,46259,46261],{"id":46260},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46263,46264,46265,134],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46266,3739],{},[1752,46268,5486,46270,42085],{"id":46269},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46271,3739],{},[20,46273,39740],{},[39,46275,46277],{"className":41,"code":46276,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46278,46279,46297],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46280,46281,46283,46285,46287,46289,46291,46293,46295],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46282,3231],{"class":54},[48,46284,59],{"class":58},[48,46286,9009],{"class":147},[48,46288,151],{"class":62},[48,46290,67],{"class":66},[48,46292,42414],{"class":70},[48,46294,67],{"class":66},[48,46296,162],{"class":62},[48,46298,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307,46309],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46300,276],{"class":147},[48,46302,151],{"class":62},[48,46304,2094],{"class":281},[48,46306,151],{"class":62},[48,46308,933],{"class":137},[48,46310,670],{"class":62},[20,46312,168],{},[39,46314,46316],{"className":41,"code":46315,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46317,46318],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46319,46320,46322,46324,46326,46328,46330],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46321,2168],{"class":58},[48,46323,2171],{"class":915},[48,46325,320],{"class":66},[48,46327,4223],{"class":70},[48,46329,311],{"class":66},[48,46331,2180],{"class":58},[20,46333,46334],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1752,46336,46338],{"id":46337},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46340,46341],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[39,46343,46345],{"className":41,"code":46344,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46346,46347,46365,46384],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46348,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359,46361,46363],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46350,3338],{"class":54},[48,46352,59],{"class":58},[48,46354,9009],{"class":147},[48,46356,151],{"class":62},[48,46358,67],{"class":66},[48,46360,42414],{"class":70},[48,46362,67],{"class":66},[48,46364,162],{"class":62},[48,46366,46367,46369,46371,46373,46375,46377,46380,46382],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46368,3365],{"class":54},[48,46370,59],{"class":58},[48,46372,9009],{"class":147},[48,46374,151],{"class":62},[48,46376,67],{"class":66},[48,46378,46379],{"class":70},"Enter another number: ",[48,46381,67],{"class":66},[48,46383,162],{"class":62},[48,46385,46386,46388,46390,46392,46394,46396],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,46387,276],{"class":147},[48,46389,151],{"class":62},[48,46391,3338],{"class":137},[48,46393,2845],{"class":58},[48,46395,3343],{"class":137},[48,46397,162],{"class":62},[20,46399,41663,46400,5174,46402,46404,46405,19684,46408,134],{},[15,46401,3288],{},[15,46403,2921],{},", the result is ",[15,46406,46407],{},"45",[15,46409,2929],{},[1752,46411,46413,46414,46416,46417],{"id":46412},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46415,41246],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46418,3659],{},[20,46420,226],{},[39,46422,46424],{"className":41,"code":46423,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46425,46426],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46427,46428,46430,46432,46434,46436,46438,46440,46442,46444,46446],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46429,183],{"class":54},[48,46431,59],{"class":58},[48,46433,45821],{"class":281},[48,46435,151],{"class":62},[48,46437,43006],{"class":147},[48,46439,151],{"class":62},[48,46441,67],{"class":66},[48,46443,45725],{"class":70},[48,46445,67],{"class":66},[48,46447,670],{"class":62},[20,46449,9038,46450,46453,46454,134],{},[15,46451,46452],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46455,41246],{},[20,46457,46458,46459,134],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[348,46460,46462],{"href":46461},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1752,46464,46466],{"id":46465},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46468,46469],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[39,46471,46473],{"className":41,"code":46472,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46474,46475,46493],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46476,46477,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46478,8645],{"class":54},[48,46480,59],{"class":58},[48,46482,9009],{"class":147},[48,46484,151],{"class":62},[48,46486,67],{"class":66},[48,46488,45431],{"class":70},[48,46490,67],{"class":66},[48,46492,162],{"class":62},[48,46494,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503,46505],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46496,276],{"class":147},[48,46498,151],{"class":62},[48,46500,42322],{"class":147},[48,46502,151],{"class":62},[48,46504,71],{"class":137},[48,46506,670],{"class":62},[20,46508,46509],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46511,46512,46513,76],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46514,46515],{},".strip()",[39,46517,46519],{"className":41,"code":46518,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46520,46521,46543],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46522,46523,46525,46527,46529,46531,46533,46535,46537,46539,46541],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46524,8645],{"class":54},[48,46526,59],{"class":58},[48,46528,9009],{"class":147},[48,46530,151],{"class":62},[48,46532,67],{"class":66},[48,46534,45431],{"class":70},[48,46536,67],{"class":66},[48,46538,9398],{"class":62},[48,46540,9401],{"class":137},[48,46542,380],{"class":62},[48,46544,46545,46547,46549,46551],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46546,276],{"class":147},[48,46548,151],{"class":62},[48,46550,71],{"class":137},[48,46552,162],{"class":62},[45461,46554],{},[34,46556,46558],{"id":46557},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46560,46561,46562,46564],{},"These habits make ",[15,46563,3739],{}," easier and safer to use.",[209,46566,46567,46570,46575,46578],{},[212,46568,46569],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[212,46571,189,46572,46574],{},[15,46573,46515],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[212,46576,46577],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[212,46579,189,46580,46582],{},[15,46581,30315],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46584,46585,46586,76],{},"Example with ",[15,46587,46515],{},[39,46589,46591],{"className":41,"code":46590,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46592,46593,46617],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46594,46595,46598,46600,46602,46604,46606,46609,46611,46613,46615],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46596,46597],{"class":54},"city ",[48,46599,59],{"class":58},[48,46601,9009],{"class":147},[48,46603,151],{"class":62},[48,46605,67],{"class":66},[48,46607,46608],{"class":70},"Enter your city: ",[48,46610,67],{"class":66},[48,46612,9398],{"class":62},[48,46614,9401],{"class":137},[48,46616,380],{"class":62},[48,46618,46619,46621,46623,46625,46628,46630,46632,46634],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46620,276],{"class":147},[48,46622,151],{"class":62},[48,46624,67],{"class":66},[48,46626,46627],{"class":70},"City:",[48,46629,67],{"class":66},[48,46631,87],{"class":62},[48,46633,31919],{"class":137},[48,46635,162],{"class":62},[20,46637,46585,46638,76],{},[15,46639,30315],{},[39,46641,46643],{"className":41,"code":46642,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46644,46645,46651,46674,46706,46714],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46646,46647,46649],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46648,30337],{"class":116},[48,46650,1053],{"class":62},[48,46652,46653,46656,46658,46660,46662,46664,46666,46668,46670,46672],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46654,46655],{"class":54},"    age ",[48,46657,59],{"class":58},[48,46659,45821],{"class":281},[48,46661,151],{"class":62},[48,46663,43006],{"class":147},[48,46665,151],{"class":62},[48,46667,67],{"class":66},[48,46669,45725],{"class":70},[48,46671,67],{"class":66},[48,46673,670],{"class":62},[48,46675,46676,46678,46680,46682,46685,46687,46689,46691,46693,46695,46697,46699,46702,46704],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,46677,148],{"class":147},[48,46679,151],{"class":62},[48,46681,67],{"class":66},[48,46683,46684],{"class":70},"You will be",[48,46686,67],{"class":66},[48,46688,87],{"class":62},[48,46690,46003],{"class":137},[48,46692,2845],{"class":58},[48,46694,618],{"class":99},[48,46696,87],{"class":62},[48,46698,79],{"class":66},[48,46700,46701],{"class":70},"next year",[48,46703,67],{"class":66},[48,46705,162],{"class":62},[48,46707,46708,46710,46712],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,46709,30368],{"class":116},[48,46711,42469],{"class":281},[48,46713,1053],{"class":62},[48,46715,46716,46718,46720,46722,46725,46727],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,46717,148],{"class":147},[48,46719,151],{"class":62},[48,46721,67],{"class":66},[48,46723,46724],{"class":70},"Please enter a whole number.",[48,46726,67],{"class":66},[48,46728,162],{"class":62},[20,46730,46731],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46733,46734,46735,134],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[348,46736,46738],{"href":46737},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45461,46740],{},[34,46742,1745],{"id":1744},[20,46744,46745,46746,76],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46747,3739],{},[209,46749,46750,46757,46760,46763],{},[212,46751,46752,46753,352,46755],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46754,3659],{},[15,46756,3665],{},[212,46758,46759],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[212,46761,46762],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[212,46764,46765],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46767,32617],{},[39,46769,46771],{"className":41,"code":46770,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46772,46773,46783,46797],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46774,46775,46777,46779,46781],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46776,276],{"class":147},[48,46778,151],{"class":62},[48,46780,933],{"class":137},[48,46782,162],{"class":62},[48,46784,46785,46787,46789,46791,46793,46795],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46786,276],{"class":147},[48,46788,151],{"class":62},[48,46790,2094],{"class":281},[48,46792,151],{"class":62},[48,46794,933],{"class":137},[48,46796,670],{"class":62},[48,46798,46799,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,46800,276],{"class":147},[48,46802,151],{"class":62},[48,46804,42322],{"class":147},[48,46806,151],{"class":62},[48,46808,933],{"class":137},[48,46810,670],{"class":62},[20,46812,46813,46814,46816],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46815,3739],{}," actually returned:",[209,46818,46819,46824,46829],{},[212,46820,46821,46823],{},[15,46822,42370],{}," shows the value",[212,46825,46826,46828],{},[15,46827,42376],{}," shows the data type",[212,46830,46831,46833],{},[15,46832,42381],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46835,226],{},[39,46837,46839],{"className":41,"code":46838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46840,46841,46860,46870,46884],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46842,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853,46856,46858],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46844,3231],{"class":54},[48,46846,59],{"class":58},[48,46848,9009],{"class":147},[48,46850,151],{"class":62},[48,46852,67],{"class":66},[48,46854,46855],{"class":70},"Enter something: ",[48,46857,67],{"class":66},[48,46859,162],{"class":62},[48,46861,46862,46864,46866,46868],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,46863,276],{"class":147},[48,46865,151],{"class":62},[48,46867,933],{"class":137},[48,46869,162],{"class":62},[48,46871,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880,46882],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,46873,276],{"class":147},[48,46875,151],{"class":62},[48,46877,2094],{"class":281},[48,46879,151],{"class":62},[48,46881,933],{"class":137},[48,46883,670],{"class":62},[48,46885,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,46887,276],{"class":147},[48,46889,151],{"class":62},[48,46891,42322],{"class":147},[48,46893,151],{"class":62},[48,46895,933],{"class":137},[48,46897,670],{"class":62},[45461,46899],{},[34,46901,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,46903,2606,46905,46907],{"id":46904},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46906,3739],{}," return an integer?",[20,46909,46910,46911,46913,46914,40471],{},"No. ",[15,46912,3739],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46915,3659],{},[1752,46917,46919,46920,2623],{"id":46918},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46921,3739],{},[20,46923,46924,46925,46927],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46926,3739],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1752,46929,5935,46931,46934,46935,2623],{"id":46930},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46932,46933],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46936,3739],{},[20,46938,29594,46939,46941,46942,42698,46944,46946],{},[15,46940,3739],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46943,46251],{},[15,46945,46255],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1752,46948,46950],{"id":46949},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46952,189,46953,46955,46956,134],{},[15,46954,46515],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46957,46958],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45461,46960],{},[34,46962,2679],{"id":2678},[209,46964,46965,46970,46974,46980,46986,46990],{},[212,46966,46967],{},[348,46968,46969],{"href":46737},"How to get user input in Python",[212,46971,46972],{},[348,46973,9825],{"href":9747},[212,46975,46976],{},[348,46977,4356,46978,4289],{"href":3656},[15,46979,3659],{},[212,46981,46982],{},[348,46983,4356,46984,4289],{"href":3662},[15,46985,3665],{},[212,46987,46988],{},[348,46989,46462],{"href":46461},[212,46991,46992],{},[348,46993,4356,46995,4289],{"href":46994},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46996,46997],{},"print()",[2711,46999,47000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":47002},[47003,47004,47006,47007,47009,47015,47023,47024,47025,47034],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":45465,"depth":106,"text":47005},"What input() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":45694,"depth":106,"text":47008},"What input() returns",{"id":45897,"depth":106,"text":45898,"children":47010},[47011,47012,47014],{"id":45901,"depth":113,"text":45902},{"id":45954,"depth":113,"text":47013},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":46025,"depth":113,"text":46026},{"id":46260,"depth":106,"text":46261,"children":47016},[47017,47019,47020,47022],{"id":46269,"depth":113,"text":47018},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46337,"depth":113,"text":46338},{"id":46412,"depth":113,"text":47021},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46465,"depth":113,"text":46466},{"id":46557,"depth":106,"text":46558},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":47026},[47027,47029,47031,47033],{"id":46904,"depth":113,"text":47028},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46918,"depth":113,"text":47030},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46930,"depth":113,"text":47032},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46949,"depth":113,"text":46950},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42737,"description":47035},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":47042,"title":42639,"body":47043,"description":49356,"extension":2749,"meta":49357,"navigation":109,"path":49358,"seo":49359,"stem":49360,"__hash__":49361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":47044,"toc":49308},[47045,47050,47055,47060,47081,47084,47086,47146,47148,47167,47172,47177,47182,47184,47197,47199,47282,47284,47325,47331,47333,47363,47369,47372,47389,47391,47443,47445,47463,47469,47475,47478,47496,47498,47571,47573,47592,47599,47605,47610,47613,47673,47675,47694,47697,47700,47715,47721,47725,47786,47788,47809,47813,47942,47944,48074,48084,48090,48096,48104,48170,48172,48197,48200,48217,48230,48236,48239,48272,48274,48287,48290,48333,48335,48343,48350,48354,48361,48365,48392,48394,48402,48408,48425,48430,48434,48461,48463,48471,48475,48480,48483,48509,48512,48521,48529,48533,48543,48547,48550,48552,48603,48605,48635,48645,48672,48674,48682,48692,48696,48699,48701,48749,48751,48795,48801,48852,48854,48873,48878,48883,48886,48905,48908,48960,48962,48971,48973,48977,48981,48984,48993,49000,49002,49029,49033,49035,49044,49047,49054,49060,49120,49124,49126,49134,49137,49163,49169,49172,49192,49194,49203,49211,49213,49219,49224,49231,49241,49247,49255,49259,49262,49264,49305],[10,47046,4356,47048,4360],{"id":47047},"python-int-function-explained",[15,47049,3659],{},[20,47051,32852,47052,47054],{},[15,47053,3659],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,47056,35943,47057,47059],{},[15,47058,3659],{}," when they want to:",[209,47061,47062,47072,47075,47078],{},[212,47063,47064,47065,47068,47069],{},"turn text like ",[15,47066,47067],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,47070,47071],{},"42",[212,47073,47074],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[212,47076,47077],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[212,47079,47080],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,47082,47083],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[34,47085,37],{"id":36},[39,47087,47089],{"className":41,"code":47088,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47090,47091,47109,47123],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47092,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47094,276],{"class":147},[48,47096,151],{"class":62},[48,47098,2972],{"class":281},[48,47100,151],{"class":62},[48,47102,67],{"class":66},[48,47104,47071],{"class":70},[48,47106,67],{"class":66},[48,47108,670],{"class":62},[48,47110,47111,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47112,276],{"class":147},[48,47114,151],{"class":62},[48,47116,2972],{"class":281},[48,47118,151],{"class":62},[48,47120,42527],{"class":99},[48,47122,670],{"class":62},[48,47124,47125,47127,47129,47131,47133,47135,47138,47140,47142,47144],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47126,276],{"class":147},[48,47128,151],{"class":62},[48,47130,2972],{"class":281},[48,47132,151],{"class":62},[48,47134,67],{"class":66},[48,47136,47137],{"class":70},"101",[48,47139,67],{"class":66},[48,47141,87],{"class":62},[48,47143,632],{"class":99},[48,47145,670],{"class":62},[20,47147,168],{},[39,47149,47151],{"className":41,"code":47150,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,47152,47153,47158,47163],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47154,47155],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47156,47157],{"class":99},"42\n",[48,47159,47160],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47161,47162],{"class":99},"3\n",[48,47164,47165],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47166,3728],{"class":99},[20,47168,189,47169,47171],{},[15,47170,3659],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[34,47173,196,47175,199],{"id":47174},"what-int-does",[15,47176,3659],{},[20,47178,47179,47181],{},[15,47180,3659],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,47183,13792],{},[209,47185,47186,47191,47194],{},[212,47187,47188,47189,8109],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,47190,2972],{},[212,47192,47193],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[212,47195,47196],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,47198,226],{},[39,47200,47202],{"className":41,"code":47201,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,47203,47204,47216,47230,47234,47244,47254,47268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47205,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47207,35224],{"class":54},[48,47209,59],{"class":58},[48,47211,79],{"class":66},[48,47213,9959],{"class":70},[48,47215,4138],{"class":66},[48,47217,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47219,3001],{"class":54},[48,47221,59],{"class":58},[48,47223,45821],{"class":281},[48,47225,151],{"class":62},[48,47227,35245],{"class":137},[48,47229,162],{"class":62},[48,47231,47232],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47233,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,47235,47236,47238,47240,47242],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,47237,276],{"class":147},[48,47239,151],{"class":62},[48,47241,35245],{"class":137},[48,47243,162],{"class":62},[48,47245,47246,47248,47250,47252],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,47247,276],{"class":147},[48,47249,151],{"class":62},[48,47251,3023],{"class":137},[48,47253,162],{"class":62},[48,47255,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,47257,276],{"class":147},[48,47259,151],{"class":62},[48,47261,2094],{"class":281},[48,47263,151],{"class":62},[48,47265,35245],{"class":137},[48,47267,670],{"class":62},[48,47269,47270,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,47271,276],{"class":147},[48,47273,151],{"class":62},[48,47275,2094],{"class":281},[48,47277,151],{"class":62},[48,47279,3023],{"class":137},[48,47281,670],{"class":62},[20,47283,168],{},[39,47285,47287],{"className":41,"code":47286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47288,47289,47293,47297,47311],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47290,47291],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47292,186],{"class":99},[48,47294,47295],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47296,186],{"class":99},[48,47298,47299,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47300,2168],{"class":58},[48,47302,2171],{"class":915},[48,47304,320],{"class":66},[48,47306,4223],{"class":70},[48,47308,311],{"class":66},[48,47310,2180],{"class":58},[48,47312,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321,47323],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,47314,2168],{"class":58},[48,47316,2171],{"class":915},[48,47318,320],{"class":66},[48,47320,2972],{"class":70},[48,47322,311],{"class":66},[48,47324,2180],{"class":58},[20,47326,47327,47328,47330],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47329,3659],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[34,47332,360],{"id":359},[39,47334,47336],{"className":41,"code":47335,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47337,47338,47348],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47339,47340,47342,47344,47346],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47341,2972],{"class":281},[48,47343,151],{"class":62},[48,47345,611],{"class":137},[48,47347,162],{"class":62},[48,47349,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47361],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47351,2972],{"class":281},[48,47353,151],{"class":62},[48,47355,611],{"class":137},[48,47357,87],{"class":62},[48,47359,47360],{"class":137}," base",[48,47362,162],{"class":62},[1752,47364,47366],{"id":47365},"intx",[15,47367,47368],{},"int(x)",[20,47370,47371],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[209,47373,47374,47379,47384],{},[212,47375,47376,47377],{},"a string such as ",[15,47378,42669],{},[212,47380,47381,47382],{},"a float such as ",[15,47383,42527],{},[212,47385,47386,47387],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47388,4385],{},[20,47390,226],{},[39,47392,47394],{"className":41,"code":47393,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47395,47396,47414,47429],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47397,47398,47400,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410,47412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47399,276],{"class":147},[48,47401,151],{"class":62},[48,47403,2972],{"class":281},[48,47405,151],{"class":62},[48,47407,67],{"class":66},[48,47409,3114],{"class":70},[48,47411,67],{"class":66},[48,47413,670],{"class":62},[48,47415,47416,47418,47420,47422,47424,47427],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47417,276],{"class":147},[48,47419,151],{"class":62},[48,47421,2972],{"class":281},[48,47423,151],{"class":62},[48,47425,47426],{"class":99},"8.7",[48,47428,670],{"class":62},[48,47430,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47432,276],{"class":147},[48,47434,151],{"class":62},[48,47436,2972],{"class":281},[48,47438,151],{"class":62},[48,47440,4385],{"class":1642},[48,47442,670],{"class":62},[20,47444,168],{},[39,47446,47448],{"className":41,"code":47447,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47449,47450,47454,47458],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47451,47452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47453,3160],{"class":99},[48,47455,47456],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47457,3165],{"class":99},[48,47459,47460],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47461,47462],{"class":99},"1\n",[1752,47464,47466],{"id":47465},"intx-base",[15,47467,47468],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47470,47471,47472,47474],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47473,611],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47476,47477],{},"Common bases:",[209,47479,47480,47485,47490],{},[212,47481,47482,47484],{},[15,47483,2842],{}," for binary",[212,47486,47487,47489],{},[15,47488,3129],{}," for octal",[212,47491,47492,47495],{},[15,47493,47494],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47497,226],{},[39,47499,47501],{"className":41,"code":47500,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47502,47503,47525,47548],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47504,47505,47507,47509,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47506,276],{"class":147},[48,47508,151],{"class":62},[48,47510,2972],{"class":281},[48,47512,151],{"class":62},[48,47514,67],{"class":66},[48,47516,47137],{"class":70},[48,47518,67],{"class":66},[48,47520,87],{"class":62},[48,47522,632],{"class":99},[48,47524,670],{"class":62},[48,47526,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537,47540,47542,47544,47546],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47528,276],{"class":147},[48,47530,151],{"class":62},[48,47532,2972],{"class":281},[48,47534,151],{"class":62},[48,47536,67],{"class":66},[48,47538,47539],{"class":70},"17",[48,47541,67],{"class":66},[48,47543,87],{"class":62},[48,47545,7134],{"class":99},[48,47547,670],{"class":62},[48,47549,47550,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560,47563,47565,47567,47569],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47551,276],{"class":147},[48,47553,151],{"class":62},[48,47555,2972],{"class":281},[48,47557,151],{"class":62},[48,47559,67],{"class":66},[48,47561,47562],{"class":70},"1A",[48,47564,67],{"class":66},[48,47566,87],{"class":62},[48,47568,14718],{"class":99},[48,47570,670],{"class":62},[20,47572,168],{},[39,47574,47576],{"className":41,"code":47575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47577,47578,47582,47587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47579,47580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47581,3728],{"class":99},[48,47583,47584],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47585,47586],{"class":99},"15\n",[48,47588,47589],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47590,47591],{"class":99},"26\n",[20,47593,47594,47595,134],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[348,47596,47597,3086],{"href":3662},[15,47598,3665],{},[34,47600,9185,47602,47604],{"id":47601},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47603,3659],{}," with strings",[20,47606,47607,47609],{},[15,47608,3659],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47611,47612],{},"Examples that work:",[39,47614,47616],{"className":41,"code":47615,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47617,47618,47636,47654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47619,47620,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630,47632,47634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47621,276],{"class":147},[48,47623,151],{"class":62},[48,47625,2972],{"class":281},[48,47627,151],{"class":62},[48,47629,67],{"class":66},[48,47631,2921],{"class":70},[48,47633,67],{"class":66},[48,47635,670],{"class":62},[48,47637,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47639,276],{"class":147},[48,47641,151],{"class":62},[48,47643,2972],{"class":281},[48,47645,151],{"class":62},[48,47647,67],{"class":66},[48,47649,3075],{"class":70},[48,47651,67],{"class":66},[48,47653,670],{"class":62},[48,47655,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47669,47671],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47657,276],{"class":147},[48,47659,151],{"class":62},[48,47661,2972],{"class":281},[48,47663,151],{"class":62},[48,47665,67],{"class":66},[48,47667,47668],{"class":70},"  42  ",[48,47670,67],{"class":66},[48,47672,670],{"class":62},[20,47674,168],{},[39,47676,47678],{"className":41,"code":47677,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47679,47680,47684,47690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47681,47682],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47683,3728],{"class":99},[48,47685,47686,47688],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47687,2807],{"class":58},[48,47689,3009],{"class":99},[48,47691,47692],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47693,47157],{"class":99},[20,47695,47696],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47698,47699],{},"Examples that fail:",[39,47701,47703],{"className":41,"code":47702,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47704,47705,47710],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47706,47707],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47708,47709],{"class":4445},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[48,47711,47712],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47713,47714],{"class":4445},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47716,47717,47718,47720],{},"These raise ",[15,47719,41246],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1752,47722,47724],{"id":47723},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[39,47726,47728],{"className":41,"code":47727,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47729,47730,47748,47767],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47731,47732,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47733,276],{"class":147},[48,47735,151],{"class":62},[48,47737,2972],{"class":281},[48,47739,151],{"class":62},[48,47741,67],{"class":66},[48,47743,2904],{"class":70},[48,47745,67],{"class":66},[48,47747,670],{"class":62},[48,47749,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760,47763,47765],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47751,276],{"class":147},[48,47753,151],{"class":62},[48,47755,2972],{"class":281},[48,47757,151],{"class":62},[48,47759,67],{"class":66},[48,47761,47762],{"class":70},"+7",[48,47764,67],{"class":66},[48,47766,670],{"class":62},[48,47768,47769,47771,47773,47775,47777,47779,47782,47784],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47770,276],{"class":147},[48,47772,151],{"class":62},[48,47774,2972],{"class":281},[48,47776,151],{"class":62},[48,47778,67],{"class":66},[48,47780,47781],{"class":70},"-100",[48,47783,67],{"class":66},[48,47785,670],{"class":62},[20,47787,168],{},[39,47789,47791],{"className":41,"code":47790,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47792,47793,47798,47802],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47794,47795],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47796,47797],{"class":99},"0\n",[48,47799,47800],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47801,2865],{"class":99},[48,47803,47804,47806],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47805,2807],{"class":58},[48,47807,47808],{"class":99},"100\n",[1752,47810,47812],{"id":47811},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[39,47814,47816],{"className":41,"code":47815,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47817,47818,47856,47860,47872,47879,47894,47909],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47819,47820,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836,47839,47841,47843,47845,47847,47849,47852,47854],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47821,4605],{"class":54},[48,47823,59],{"class":58},[48,47825,4404],{"class":62},[48,47827,67],{"class":66},[48,47829,40685],{"class":70},[48,47831,67],{"class":66},[48,47833,87],{"class":62},[48,47835,79],{"class":66},[48,47837,47838],{"class":70},"12abc",[48,47840,67],{"class":66},[48,47842,87],{"class":62},[48,47844,6901],{"class":66},[48,47846,87],{"class":62},[48,47848,79],{"class":66},[48,47850,47851],{"class":70},"seven",[48,47853,67],{"class":66},[48,47855,1465],{"class":62},[48,47857,47858],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47859,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,47861,47862,47864,47866,47868,47870],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,47863,117],{"class":116},[48,47865,125],{"class":54},[48,47867,128],{"class":116},[48,47869,4667],{"class":54},[48,47871,1053],{"class":62},[48,47873,47874,47877],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,47875,47876],{"class":116},"    try",[48,47878,1053],{"class":62},[48,47880,47881,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,47882,47883],{"class":147},"        print",[48,47885,151],{"class":62},[48,47887,2972],{"class":281},[48,47889,151],{"class":62},[48,47891,933],{"class":137},[48,47893,670],{"class":62},[48,47895,47896,47899,47901,47904,47907],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,47897,47898],{"class":116},"    except",[48,47900,42469],{"class":281},[48,47902,47903],{"class":116}," as",[48,47905,47906],{"class":54}," error",[48,47908,1053],{"class":62},[48,47910,47911,47913,47915,47917,47919,47921,47923,47926,47928,47931,47933,47936,47938,47940],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,47912,47883],{"class":147},[48,47914,151],{"class":62},[48,47916,916],{"class":915},[48,47918,67],{"class":70},[48,47920,537],{"class":99},[48,47922,933],{"class":137},[48,47924,47925],{"class":915},"!r",[48,47927,925],{"class":99},[48,47929,47930],{"class":70}," -> ",[48,47932,537],{"class":99},[48,47934,47935],{"class":137},"error",[48,47937,925],{"class":99},[48,47939,67],{"class":70},[48,47941,162],{"class":62},[20,47943,168],{},[39,47945,47947],{"className":41,"code":47946,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47948,47949,47985,48017,48042],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47950,47951,47953,47955,47957,47960,47963,47965,47967,47969,47972,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47952,311],{"class":43872},[48,47954,40685],{"class":43876},[48,47956,311],{"class":43872},[48,47958,47959],{"class":37907}," ->",[48,47961,47962],{"class":54}," invalid literal ",[48,47964,117],{"class":116},[48,47966,45821],{"class":281},[48,47968,8135],{"class":62},[48,47970,47971],{"class":116}," with",[48,47973,47974],{"class":54}," base ",[48,47976,3114],{"class":99},[48,47978,76],{"class":62},[48,47980,320],{"class":66},[48,47982,40685],{"class":70},[48,47984,30233],{"class":66},[48,47986,47987,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,47988,311],{"class":66},[48,47990,47838],{"class":70},[48,47992,311],{"class":66},[48,47994,47959],{"class":37907},[48,47996,47962],{"class":54},[48,47998,117],{"class":116},[48,48000,45821],{"class":281},[48,48002,8135],{"class":62},[48,48004,47971],{"class":116},[48,48006,47974],{"class":54},[48,48008,3114],{"class":99},[48,48010,76],{"class":62},[48,48012,320],{"class":66},[48,48014,47838],{"class":70},[48,48016,30233],{"class":66},[48,48018,48019,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029,48031,48033,48035,48037,48039],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,48020,4555],{"class":66},[48,48022,47959],{"class":37907},[48,48024,47962],{"class":54},[48,48026,117],{"class":116},[48,48028,45821],{"class":281},[48,48030,8135],{"class":62},[48,48032,47971],{"class":116},[48,48034,47974],{"class":54},[48,48036,3114],{"class":99},[48,48038,76],{"class":62},[48,48040,48041],{"class":66}," ''\n",[48,48043,48044,48046,48048,48050,48052,48054,48056,48058,48060,48062,48064,48066,48068,48070,48072],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,48045,311],{"class":66},[48,48047,47851],{"class":70},[48,48049,311],{"class":66},[48,48051,47959],{"class":37907},[48,48053,47962],{"class":54},[48,48055,117],{"class":116},[48,48057,45821],{"class":281},[48,48059,8135],{"class":62},[48,48061,47971],{"class":116},[48,48063,47974],{"class":54},[48,48065,3114],{"class":99},[48,48067,76],{"class":62},[48,48069,320],{"class":66},[48,48071,47851],{"class":70},[48,48073,30233],{"class":66},[20,48075,48076,48077,48079,48080,134],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[348,48078,9748],{"href":9747}," and the ",[348,48081,48082,3086],{"href":8986},[15,48083,3739],{},[34,48085,9185,48087,48089],{"id":48086},"using-int-with-floats",[15,48088,3659],{}," with floats",[20,48091,48092,48093,48095],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,48094,3659],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,48097,48098,48099,14784,48101,48103],{},"Important: ",[15,48100,3659],{},[166,48102,5413],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[39,48105,48107],{"className":41,"code":48106,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,48108,48109,48123,48138,48154],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48110,48111,48113,48115,48117,48119,48121],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48112,276],{"class":147},[48,48114,151],{"class":62},[48,48116,2972],{"class":281},[48,48118,151],{"class":62},[48,48120,42527],{"class":99},[48,48122,670],{"class":62},[48,48124,48125,48127,48129,48131,48133,48136],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48126,276],{"class":147},[48,48128,151],{"class":62},[48,48130,2972],{"class":281},[48,48132,151],{"class":62},[48,48134,48135],{"class":99},"3.1",[48,48137,670],{"class":62},[48,48139,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148,48150,48152],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,48141,276],{"class":147},[48,48143,151],{"class":62},[48,48145,2972],{"class":281},[48,48147,151],{"class":62},[48,48149,2807],{"class":58},[48,48151,42527],{"class":99},[48,48153,670],{"class":62},[48,48155,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164,48166,48168],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,48157,276],{"class":147},[48,48159,151],{"class":62},[48,48161,2972],{"class":281},[48,48163,151],{"class":62},[48,48165,2807],{"class":58},[48,48167,48135],{"class":99},[48,48169,670],{"class":62},[20,48171,168],{},[39,48173,48175],{"className":41,"code":48174,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,48176,48177,48181,48185,48191],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48178,48179],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48180,47162],{"class":99},[48,48182,48183],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48184,47162],{"class":99},[48,48186,48187,48189],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,48188,2807],{"class":58},[48,48190,47162],{"class":99},[48,48192,48193,48195],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,48194,2807],{"class":58},[48,48196,47162],{"class":99},[20,48198,48199],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[209,48201,48202,48209],{},[212,48203,48204,42698,48207],{},[15,48205,48206],{},"int(3.9)",[15,48208,2848],{},[212,48210,48211,42698,48214],{},[15,48212,48213],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48215,48216],{},"-3",[20,48218,48219,48220,48224,48225,134],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[348,48221,48222],{"href":3662},[15,48223,3665],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[348,48226,48227],{"href":42718},[15,48228,48229],{},"str()",[34,48231,9185,48233,48235],{"id":48232},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48234,3659],{}," with booleans",[20,48237,48238],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[39,48240,48242],{"className":41,"code":48241,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48243,48244,48258],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48245,48246,48248,48250,48252,48254,48256],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48247,276],{"class":147},[48,48249,151],{"class":62},[48,48251,2972],{"class":281},[48,48253,151],{"class":62},[48,48255,4385],{"class":1642},[48,48257,670],{"class":62},[48,48259,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268,48270],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48261,276],{"class":147},[48,48263,151],{"class":62},[48,48265,2972],{"class":281},[48,48267,151],{"class":62},[48,48269,4456],{"class":1642},[48,48271,670],{"class":62},[20,48273,168],{},[39,48275,48277],{"className":41,"code":48276,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1\n0\n",[15,48278,48279,48283],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48280,48281],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48282,47462],{"class":99},[48,48284,48285],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48286,47797],{"class":99},[20,48288,48289],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[39,48291,48293],{"className":41,"code":48292,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48294,48295,48304,48319,48323],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48296,48297,48300,48302],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48298,48299],{"class":54},"passed ",[48,48301,59],{"class":58},[48,48303,1643],{"class":1642},[48,48305,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314,48317],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48307,41725],{"class":54},[48,48309,59],{"class":58},[48,48311,45821],{"class":281},[48,48313,151],{"class":62},[48,48315,48316],{"class":137},"passed",[48,48318,162],{"class":62},[48,48320,48321],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,48322,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,48324,48325,48327,48329,48331],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,48326,276],{"class":147},[48,48328,151],{"class":62},[48,48330,41754],{"class":137},[48,48332,162],{"class":62},[20,48334,168],{},[39,48336,48337],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48338,48339],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48340,48341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48342,47462],{"class":99},[20,48344,48345,48346,134],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[348,48347,48348,3086],{"href":6557},[15,48349,4595],{},[34,48351,48353],{"id":48352},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48355,48356,48357,48360],{},"Use the ",[15,48358,48359],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1752,48362,48364],{"id":48363},"binary-example","Binary example",[39,48366,48368],{"className":41,"code":48367,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48369,48370],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48371,48372,48374,48376,48378,48380,48382,48384,48386,48388,48390],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48373,276],{"class":147},[48,48375,151],{"class":62},[48,48377,2972],{"class":281},[48,48379,151],{"class":62},[48,48381,67],{"class":66},[48,48383,47137],{"class":70},[48,48385,67],{"class":66},[48,48387,87],{"class":62},[48,48389,632],{"class":99},[48,48391,670],{"class":62},[20,48393,168],{},[39,48395,48396],{"className":41,"code":3728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48397,48398],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48399,48400],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48401,3728],{"class":99},[20,48403,48404,48407],{},[15,48405,48406],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[209,48409,48410,48415,48420],{},[212,48411,48412],{},[15,48413,48414],{},"1 × 4",[212,48416,48417],{},[15,48418,48419],{},"0 × 2",[212,48421,48422],{},[15,48423,48424],{},"1 × 1",[20,48426,48427,48428,134],{},"So the result is ",[15,48429,2921],{},[1752,48431,48433],{"id":48432},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[39,48435,48437],{"className":41,"code":48436,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48438,48439],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48440,48441,48443,48445,48447,48449,48451,48453,48455,48457,48459],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48442,276],{"class":147},[48,48444,151],{"class":62},[48,48446,2972],{"class":281},[48,48448,151],{"class":62},[48,48450,67],{"class":66},[48,48452,47562],{"class":70},[48,48454,67],{"class":66},[48,48456,87],{"class":62},[48,48458,14718],{"class":99},[48,48460,670],{"class":62},[20,48462,168],{},[39,48464,48465],{"className":41,"code":47591,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48466,48467],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48468,48469],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48470,47591],{"class":99},[1752,48472,48474],{"id":48473},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48476,22,48477,48479],{},[15,48478,48359],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48481,48482],{},"Good:",[39,48484,48485],{"className":41,"code":48367,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48486,48487],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48488,48489,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48501,48503,48505,48507],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48490,276],{"class":147},[48,48492,151],{"class":62},[48,48494,2972],{"class":281},[48,48496,151],{"class":62},[48,48498,67],{"class":66},[48,48500,47137],{"class":70},[48,48502,67],{"class":66},[48,48504,87],{"class":62},[48,48506,632],{"class":99},[48,48508,670],{"class":62},[20,48510,48511],{},"Not correct:",[39,48513,48515],{"className":41,"code":48514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48516,48517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48518,48519],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48520,48514],{"class":4445},[20,48522,48523,48524,9368,48526,48528],{},"That causes a ",[15,48525,3787],{},[15,48527,48359],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[34,48530,48532],{"id":48531},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48534,48535,48536,48538,48539,5174,48541,134],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48537,3659],{}," are ",[15,48540,41246],{},[15,48542,3787],{},[1752,48544,48545],{"id":42056},[15,48546,41246],{},[20,48548,48549],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48551,226],{},[39,48553,48555],{"className":41,"code":48554,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48556,48557,48563,48581,48593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48558,48559,48561],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48560,30337],{"class":116},[48,48562,1053],{"class":62},[48,48564,48565,48567,48569,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48566,148],{"class":147},[48,48568,151],{"class":62},[48,48570,2972],{"class":281},[48,48572,151],{"class":62},[48,48574,67],{"class":66},[48,48576,40685],{"class":70},[48,48578,67],{"class":66},[48,48580,670],{"class":62},[48,48582,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,48584,30368],{"class":116},[48,48586,42469],{"class":281},[48,48588,47903],{"class":116},[48,48590,47906],{"class":54},[48,48592,1053],{"class":62},[48,48594,48595,48597,48599,48601],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,48596,148],{"class":147},[48,48598,151],{"class":62},[48,48600,47935],{"class":137},[48,48602,162],{"class":62},[20,48604,168],{},[39,48606,48608],{"className":41,"code":48607,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48609,48610],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48611,48612,48615,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629,48631,48633],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48613,48614],{"class":54},"invalid literal ",[48,48616,117],{"class":116},[48,48618,45821],{"class":281},[48,48620,8135],{"class":62},[48,48622,47971],{"class":116},[48,48624,47974],{"class":54},[48,48626,3114],{"class":99},[48,48628,76],{"class":62},[48,48630,320],{"class":66},[48,48632,40685],{"class":70},[48,48634,30233],{"class":66},[20,48636,48637,48638,48641,48642,48644],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48639,48640],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48643,3659],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[39,48646,48648],{"className":41,"code":48647,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48649,48650],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48651,48652,48654,48656,48658,48660,48662,48664,48666,48668,48670],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48653,276],{"class":147},[48,48655,151],{"class":62},[48,48657,2972],{"class":281},[48,48659,151],{"class":62},[48,48661,2976],{"class":281},[48,48663,151],{"class":62},[48,48665,67],{"class":66},[48,48667,40685],{"class":70},[48,48669,67],{"class":66},[48,48671,3693],{"class":62},[20,48673,168],{},[39,48675,48676],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48677,48678],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48679,48680],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48681,47162],{"class":99},[20,48683,48684,48685,5174,48688,134],{},"If you see this often, read ",[348,48686,48687],{"href":3743},"how to convert string to int in Python",[348,48689,26211,48690],{"href":46461},[15,48691,46462],{},[1752,48693,48694],{"id":42122},[15,48695,3787],{},[20,48697,48698],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48700,226],{},[39,48702,48704],{"className":41,"code":48703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48705,48706,48712,48726,48739],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48707,48708,48710],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48709,30337],{"class":116},[48,48711,1053],{"class":62},[48,48713,48714,48716,48718,48720,48722,48724],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48715,148],{"class":147},[48,48717,151],{"class":62},[48,48719,2972],{"class":281},[48,48721,151],{"class":62},[48,48723,4560],{"class":1642},[48,48725,670],{"class":62},[48,48727,48728,48730,48733,48735,48737],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,48729,30368],{"class":116},[48,48731,48732],{"class":281}," TypeError",[48,48734,47903],{"class":116},[48,48736,47906],{"class":54},[48,48738,1053],{"class":62},[48,48740,48741,48743,48745,48747],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,48742,148],{"class":147},[48,48744,151],{"class":62},[48,48746,47935],{"class":137},[48,48748,162],{"class":62},[20,48750,168],{},[39,48752,48754],{"className":41,"code":48753,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48755,48756],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48757,48758,48760,48762,48765,48767,48769,48772,48774,48777,48779,48782,48784,48786,48788,48790,48793],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48759,2972],{"class":281},[48,48761,8135],{"class":62},[48,48763,48764],{"class":54}," argument must be a string",[48,48766,87],{"class":62},[48,48768,45089],{"class":54},[48,48770,48771],{"class":281},"bytes",[48,48773,2807],{"class":58},[48,48775,48776],{"class":54},"like ",[48,48778,42942],{"class":281},[48,48780,48781],{"class":58}," or",[48,48783,41382],{"class":54},[48,48785,87],{"class":62},[48,48787,8866],{"class":58},[48,48789,320],{"class":66},[48,48791,48792],{"class":70},"NoneType",[48,48794,30233],{"class":66},[20,48796,48797,48798,48800],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48799,48359],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[39,48802,48804],{"className":41,"code":48803,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48805,48806,48812,48830,48842],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48807,48808,48810],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48809,30337],{"class":116},[48,48811,1053],{"class":62},[48,48813,48814,48816,48818,48820,48822,48824,48826,48828],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48815,148],{"class":147},[48,48817,151],{"class":62},[48,48819,2972],{"class":281},[48,48821,151],{"class":62},[48,48823,47137],{"class":99},[48,48825,87],{"class":62},[48,48827,632],{"class":99},[48,48829,670],{"class":62},[48,48831,48832,48834,48836,48838,48840],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,48833,30368],{"class":116},[48,48835,48732],{"class":281},[48,48837,47903],{"class":116},[48,48839,47906],{"class":54},[48,48841,1053],{"class":62},[48,48843,48844,48846,48848,48850],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,48845,148],{"class":147},[48,48847,151],{"class":62},[48,48849,47935],{"class":137},[48,48851,162],{"class":62},[20,48853,168],{},[39,48855,48857],{"className":41,"code":48856,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48858,48859],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48860,48861,48863,48865,48868,48870],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48862,2972],{"class":281},[48,48864,8135],{"class":62},[48,48866,48867],{"class":54}," can",[48,48869,311],{"class":66},[48,48871,48872],{"class":70},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[34,48874,1545,48876],{"id":48875},"when-to-use-int",[15,48877,3659],{},[20,48879,189,48880,48882],{},[15,48881,3659],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48884,48885],{},"Common uses:",[209,48887,48888,48894,48897,48900],{},[212,48889,48890,48891,48893],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48892,3739],{}," into integers",[212,48895,48896],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[212,48898,48899],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[212,48901,48902,48903,37155],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48904,48359],{},[20,48906,48907],{},"Example with user input:",[39,48909,48911],{"className":41,"code":48910,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48912,48913,48927,48942,48946],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48914,48915,48918,48920,48922,48925],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48916,48917],{"class":54},"age_text ",[48,48919,59],{"class":58},[48,48921,79],{"class":66},[48,48923,48924],{"class":70},"18",[48,48926,4138],{"class":66},[48,48928,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937,48940],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,48930,183],{"class":54},[48,48932,59],{"class":58},[48,48934,45821],{"class":281},[48,48936,151],{"class":62},[48,48938,48939],{"class":137},"age_text",[48,48941,162],{"class":62},[48,48943,48944],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,48945,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,48947,48948,48950,48952,48954,48956,48958],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,48949,276],{"class":147},[48,48951,151],{"class":62},[48,48953,183],{"class":137},[48,48955,2845],{"class":58},[48,48957,618],{"class":99},[48,48959,162],{"class":62},[20,48961,168],{},[39,48963,48965],{"className":41,"code":48964,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"19\n",[15,48966,48967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48968,48969],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48970,48964],{"class":99},[34,48972,1745],{"id":1744},[20,48974,15463,48975,134],{},[15,48976,3659],{},[1752,48978,48980],{"id":48979},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48982,48983],{},"This fails:",[39,48985,48987],{"className":41,"code":48986,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48988,48989],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48990,48991],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48992,48986],{"class":4445},[20,48994,48995,48996,48999],{},"Why: ",[15,48997,48998],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,49001,19561],{},[39,49003,49005],{"className":41,"code":49004,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,49006,49007],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49008,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019,49021,49023,49025,49027],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49010,276],{"class":147},[48,49012,151],{"class":62},[48,49014,2972],{"class":281},[48,49016,151],{"class":62},[48,49018,2976],{"class":281},[48,49020,151],{"class":62},[48,49022,67],{"class":66},[48,49024,41666],{"class":70},[48,49026,67],{"class":66},[48,49028,3693],{"class":62},[1752,49030,49032],{"id":49031},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,49034,48983],{},[39,49036,49038],{"className":41,"code":49037,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,49039,49040],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49041,49042],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49043,49037],{"class":4445},[20,49045,49046],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1752,49048,49050,49051],{"id":49049},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,49052,49053],{},"int(None)",[20,49055,49056,49057,49059],{},"This fails because ",[15,49058,4560],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[39,49061,49063],{"className":41,"code":49062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49064,49065,49074,49078,49084,49098,49110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49066,49067,49069,49071],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49068,3231],{"class":54},[48,49070,59],{"class":58},[48,49072,49073],{"class":1642}," None\n",[48,49075,49076],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49077,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,49079,49080,49082],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,49081,30337],{"class":116},[48,49083,1053],{"class":62},[48,49085,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,49087,148],{"class":147},[48,49089,151],{"class":62},[48,49091,2972],{"class":281},[48,49093,151],{"class":62},[48,49095,933],{"class":137},[48,49097,670],{"class":62},[48,49099,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,49101,30368],{"class":116},[48,49103,48732],{"class":281},[48,49105,47903],{"class":116},[48,49107,47906],{"class":54},[48,49109,1053],{"class":62},[48,49111,49112,49114,49116,49118],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,49113,148],{"class":147},[48,49115,151],{"class":62},[48,49117,47935],{"class":137},[48,49119,162],{"class":62},[1752,49121,49123],{"id":49122},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,49125,48983],{},[39,49127,49128],{"className":41,"code":48514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49129,49130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49131,49132],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49133,48514],{"class":4445},[20,49135,49136],{},"Use a string instead:",[39,49138,49139],{"className":41,"code":48367,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49140,49141],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49142,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49144,276],{"class":147},[48,49146,151],{"class":62},[48,49148,2972],{"class":281},[48,49150,151],{"class":62},[48,49152,67],{"class":66},[48,49154,47137],{"class":70},[48,49156,67],{"class":66},[48,49158,87],{"class":62},[48,49160,632],{"class":99},[48,49162,670],{"class":62},[1752,49164,2015,49166,49168],{"id":49165},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,49167,3659],{}," to round",[20,49170,49171],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[39,49173,49175],{"className":41,"code":49174,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,49176,49177],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49178,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187,49190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49180,276],{"class":147},[48,49182,151],{"class":62},[48,49184,2972],{"class":281},[48,49186,151],{"class":62},[48,49188,49189],{"class":99},"4.9",[48,49191,670],{"class":62},[20,49193,168],{},[39,49195,49197],{"className":41,"code":49196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4\n",[15,49198,49199],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49200,49201],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49202,49196],{"class":99},[20,49204,3952,49205,49207,49208,49210],{},[15,49206,2921],{},", remember that ",[15,49209,3659],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[34,49212,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,49214,2606,49216,49218],{"id":49215},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49217,3659],{}," round numbers?",[20,49220,46910,49221,49223],{},[15,49222,3659],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1752,49225,5935,49227,49230],{"id":49226},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49228,49229],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,49232,29594,49233,49235,49236,49238,49239,40471],{},[15,49234,48640],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49237,3665],{}," first, then use ",[15,49240,3659],{},[1752,49242,5920,49244,13459],{"id":49243},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49245,49246],{},"int(True)",[20,49248,5925,49249,28846,49251,42698,49253,134],{},[15,49250,3770],{},[15,49252,4456],{},[15,49254,2904],{},[1752,49256,49258],{"id":49257},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,49260,49261],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[34,49263,2679],{"id":2678},[209,49265,49266,49272,49278,49284,49289,49293,49299],{},[212,49267,49268],{},[348,49269,49270,4289],{"href":3662},[15,49271,3665],{},[212,49273,49274],{},[348,49275,49276,4289],{"href":42718},[15,49277,48229],{},[212,49279,49280],{},[348,49281,49282,4289],{"href":6557},[15,49283,4595],{},[212,49285,49286],{},[348,49287,49288],{"href":3743},"How to convert string to int in Python",[212,49290,49291],{},[348,49292,9825],{"href":9747},[212,49294,49295],{},[348,49296,49297,4289],{"href":8986},[15,49298,3739],{},[212,49300,49301],{},[348,49302,30881,49303],{"href":46461},[15,49304,46462],{},[2711,49306,49307],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":49309},[49310,49311,49313,49317,49322,49324,49326,49331,49335,49337,49346,49355],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":47174,"depth":106,"text":49312},"What int() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":49314},[49315,49316],{"id":47365,"depth":113,"text":47368},{"id":47465,"depth":113,"text":47468},{"id":47601,"depth":106,"text":49318,"children":49319},"Using int() with strings",[49320,49321],{"id":47723,"depth":113,"text":47724},{"id":47811,"depth":113,"text":47812},{"id":48086,"depth":106,"text":49323},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48232,"depth":106,"text":49325},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48352,"depth":106,"text":48353,"children":49327},[49328,49329,49330],{"id":48363,"depth":113,"text":48364},{"id":48432,"depth":113,"text":48433},{"id":48473,"depth":113,"text":48474},{"id":48531,"depth":106,"text":48532,"children":49332},[49333,49334],{"id":42056,"depth":113,"text":41246},{"id":42122,"depth":113,"text":3787},{"id":48875,"depth":106,"text":49336},"When to use int()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":49338},[49339,49340,49341,49343,49344],{"id":48979,"depth":113,"text":48980},{"id":49031,"depth":113,"text":49032},{"id":49049,"depth":113,"text":49342},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49122,"depth":113,"text":49123},{"id":49165,"depth":113,"text":49345},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":49347},[49348,49350,49352,49354],{"id":49215,"depth":113,"text":49349},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49226,"depth":113,"text":49351},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49243,"depth":113,"text":49353},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49257,"depth":113,"text":49258},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42639,"description":49356},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49363,"title":49364,"body":49365,"description":51201,"extension":2749,"meta":51202,"navigation":109,"path":45347,"seo":51203,"stem":51204,"__hash__":51205},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49366,"toc":51157},[49367,49372,49377,49385,49394,49396,49455,49461,49466,49471,49474,49502,49505,49508,49519,49529,49531,49533,49553,49557,49585,49587,49626,49628,49636,49638,49641,49645,49698,49700,49712,49716,49773,49775,49787,49793,49799,49803,49806,49809,49875,49877,49889,49895,49897,49949,49952,49993,49996,50003,50012,50018,50021,50054,50060,50063,50094,50100,50103,50115,50119,50124,50128,50286,50288,50303,50306,50310,50414,50416,50433,50437,50498,50500,50508,50511,50515,50582,50584,50593,50599,50601,50610,50612,50647,50652,50654,50684,50688,50690,50727,50730,50732,50769,50775,50777,50827,50829,50837,50847,50853,50857,50862,50911,50913,50926,50929,50931,50934,51009,51012,51031,51034,51064,51074,51076,51081,51088,51094,51100,51107,51115,51121,51124,51126,51154],[10,49368,4356,49370,4360],{"id":49369},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49371,45350],{},[20,49373,49374,49376],{},[15,49375,45350],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49378,49379,49380,352,49382,49384],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49381,4385],{},[15,49383,4456],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49386,49387,49388,49390,49391,49393],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49389,45350],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49392,3085],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[34,49395,4390],{"id":4389},[39,49397,49399],{"className":41,"code":49398,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49400,49401,49409,49413,49434],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49402,49403,49405,49407],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49404,3231],{"class":54},[48,49406,59],{"class":58},[48,49408,3370],{"class":99},[48,49410,49411],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49412,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,49414,49415,49417,49419,49422,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,49416,276],{"class":147},[48,49418,151],{"class":62},[48,49420,49421],{"class":147},"isinstance",[48,49423,151],{"class":62},[48,49425,933],{"class":137},[48,49427,87],{"class":62},[48,49429,45821],{"class":281},[48,49431,6139],{"class":62},[48,49433,44399],{"class":4445},[48,49435,49436,49438,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448,49451,49453],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,49437,276],{"class":147},[48,49439,151],{"class":62},[48,49441,49421],{"class":147},[48,49443,151],{"class":62},[48,49445,933],{"class":137},[48,49447,87],{"class":62},[48,49449,49450],{"class":281}," str",[48,49452,6139],{"class":62},[48,49454,44416],{"class":4445},[20,49456,189,49457,49460],{},[15,49458,49459],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[34,49462,196,49464,199],{"id":49463},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49465,45350],{},[20,49467,49468,49470],{},[15,49469,45350],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49472,49473],{},"It:",[209,49475,49476,49479,49485,49488],{},[212,49477,49478],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[212,49480,12175,49481,352,49483],{},[15,49482,4385],{},[15,49484,4456],{},[212,49486,49487],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[212,49489,49490,49491,2973,49493,2973,49495,2973,49497,17798,49500],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49492,4223],{},[15,49494,2972],{},[15,49496,282],{},[15,49498,49499],{},"tuple",[15,49501,9588],{},[20,49503,49504],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49506,49507],{},"For example, you might want to:",[209,49509,49510,49513,49516],{},[212,49511,49512],{},"loop through a list",[212,49514,49515],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[212,49517,49518],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49520,49521,49522,352,49525,134],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[348,49523,45342],{"href":49524},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[348,49526,49528],{"href":49527},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[34,49530,360],{"id":359},[20,49532,2944],{},[39,49534,49536],{"className":41,"code":49535,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49537,49538],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49539,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548,49551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49541,49421],{"class":147},[48,49543,151],{"class":62},[48,49545,42942],{"class":281},[48,49547,87],{"class":62},[48,49549,49550],{"class":137}," classinfo",[48,49552,162],{"class":62},[1752,49554,49556],{"id":49555},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[209,49558,49559,49564,49578],{},[212,49560,49561,49563],{},[15,49562,42942],{}," is the value you want to test",[212,49565,49566,49569,49570,2973,49572,2973,49574,2977,49576],{},[15,49567,49568],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49571,2972],{},[15,49573,4223],{},[15,49575,282],{},[15,49577,9588],{},[212,49579,49580,49581,352,49583],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49582,4385],{},[15,49584,4456],{},[20,49586,226],{},[39,49588,49590],{"className":41,"code":49589,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49591,49592,49604,49608],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49593,49594,49596,49598,49600,49602],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49595,8645],{"class":54},[48,49597,59],{"class":58},[48,49599,79],{"class":66},[48,49601,12257],{"class":70},[48,49603,4138],{"class":66},[48,49605,49606],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49607,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,49609,49610,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,49611,276],{"class":147},[48,49613,151],{"class":62},[48,49615,49421],{"class":147},[48,49617,151],{"class":62},[48,49619,71],{"class":137},[48,49621,87],{"class":62},[48,49623,49450],{"class":281},[48,49625,670],{"class":62},[20,49627,168],{},[39,49629,49630],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49631,49632],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49633,49634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49635,4761],{"class":1642},[34,49637,12225],{"id":12224},[20,49639,49640],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1752,49642,49644],{"id":49643},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[39,49646,49648],{"className":41,"code":49647,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49649,49650,49658,49662,49680],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49651,49652,49654,49656],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49653,3231],{"class":54},[48,49655,59],{"class":58},[48,49657,45770],{"class":99},[48,49659,49660],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49661,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,49663,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,49665,276],{"class":147},[48,49667,151],{"class":62},[48,49669,49421],{"class":147},[48,49671,151],{"class":62},[48,49673,933],{"class":137},[48,49675,87],{"class":62},[48,49677,45821],{"class":281},[48,49679,670],{"class":62},[48,49681,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,49683,276],{"class":147},[48,49685,151],{"class":62},[48,49687,49421],{"class":147},[48,49689,151],{"class":62},[48,49691,933],{"class":137},[48,49693,87],{"class":62},[48,49695,49450],{"class":281},[48,49697,670],{"class":62},[20,49699,168],{},[39,49701,49702],{"className":41,"code":44718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49703,49704,49708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49705,49706],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49707,4761],{"class":1642},[48,49709,49710],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49711,4822],{"class":1642},[1752,49713,49715],{"id":49714},"check-text","Check text",[39,49717,49719],{"className":41,"code":49718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49720,49721,49733,49737,49755],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49722,49723,49725,49727,49729,49731],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49724,35224],{"class":54},[48,49726,59],{"class":58},[48,49728,79],{"class":66},[48,49730,4628],{"class":70},[48,49732,4138],{"class":66},[48,49734,49735],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49736,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,49738,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,49740,276],{"class":147},[48,49742,151],{"class":62},[48,49744,49421],{"class":147},[48,49746,151],{"class":62},[48,49748,35245],{"class":137},[48,49750,87],{"class":62},[48,49752,49450],{"class":281},[48,49754,670],{"class":62},[48,49756,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769,49771],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,49758,276],{"class":147},[48,49760,151],{"class":62},[48,49762,49421],{"class":147},[48,49764,151],{"class":62},[48,49766,35245],{"class":137},[48,49768,87],{"class":62},[48,49770,45821],{"class":281},[48,49772,670],{"class":62},[20,49774,168],{},[39,49776,49777],{"className":41,"code":44718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49778,49779,49783],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49780,49781],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49782,4761],{"class":1642},[48,49784,49785],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49786,4822],{"class":1642},[20,49788,49789,49790,49792],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49791,45350],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49794,49795,49796,134],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[348,49797,49798],{"href":3743},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[34,49800,49802],{"id":49801},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49804,49805],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49807,49808],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[39,49810,49812],{"className":41,"code":49811,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49813,49814,49823,49827,49851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49815,49816,49818,49820],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49817,3231],{"class":54},[48,49819,59],{"class":58},[48,49821,49822],{"class":99}," 3.5\n",[48,49824,49825],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49826,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,49828,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,49830,276],{"class":147},[48,49832,151],{"class":62},[48,49834,49421],{"class":147},[48,49836,151],{"class":62},[48,49838,933],{"class":137},[48,49840,87],{"class":62},[48,49842,330],{"class":62},[48,49844,2972],{"class":281},[48,49846,87],{"class":62},[48,49848,40797],{"class":281},[48,49850,3693],{"class":62},[48,49852,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,49854,276],{"class":147},[48,49856,151],{"class":62},[48,49858,49421],{"class":147},[48,49860,151],{"class":62},[48,49862,933],{"class":137},[48,49864,87],{"class":62},[48,49866,330],{"class":62},[48,49868,4223],{"class":281},[48,49870,87],{"class":62},[48,49872,1191],{"class":281},[48,49874,3693],{"class":62},[20,49876,168],{},[39,49878,49879],{"className":41,"code":44718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49880,49881,49885],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49882,49883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49884,4761],{"class":1642},[48,49886,49887],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49888,4822],{"class":1642},[20,49890,49891,49892,49894],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49893,41379],{}," conditions.",[20,49896,9065],{},[39,49898,49900],{"className":41,"code":49899,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49901,49902,49910,49914],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49903,49904,49906,49908],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49905,3231],{"class":54},[48,49907,59],{"class":58},[48,49909,49822],{"class":99},[48,49911,49912],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49913,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,49915,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,49917,276],{"class":147},[48,49919,151],{"class":62},[48,49921,2094],{"class":281},[48,49923,151],{"class":62},[48,49925,933],{"class":137},[48,49927,4442],{"class":62},[48,49929,7181],{"class":58},[48,49931,45821],{"class":281},[48,49933,48781],{"class":116},[48,49935,49936],{"class":281}," type",[48,49938,151],{"class":62},[48,49940,933],{"class":137},[48,49942,4442],{"class":62},[48,49944,7181],{"class":58},[48,49946,40797],{"class":281},[48,49948,162],{"class":62},[20,49950,49951],{},"you can write this:",[39,49953,49955],{"className":41,"code":49954,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49956,49957,49965,49969],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49958,49959,49961,49963],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49960,3231],{"class":54},[48,49962,59],{"class":58},[48,49964,49822],{"class":99},[48,49966,49967],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,49968,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,49970,49971,49973,49975,49977,49979,49981,49983,49985,49987,49989,49991],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,49972,276],{"class":147},[48,49974,151],{"class":62},[48,49976,49421],{"class":147},[48,49978,151],{"class":62},[48,49980,933],{"class":137},[48,49982,87],{"class":62},[48,49984,330],{"class":62},[48,49986,2972],{"class":281},[48,49988,87],{"class":62},[48,49990,40797],{"class":281},[48,49992,3693],{"class":62},[20,49994,49995],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[34,49997,49999,1306,50001],{"id":49998},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,50000,45350],{},[15,50002,3085],{},[20,50004,11344,50005,5174,50007,50011],{},[15,50006,45350],{},[348,50008,50009],{"href":3082},[15,50010,3085],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1752,50013,50015],{"id":50014},"typevalue-int",[15,50016,50017],{},"type(value) == int",[20,50019,50020],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[39,50022,50024],{"className":41,"code":50023,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,50025,50026,50034],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50027,50028,50030,50032],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50029,3231],{"class":54},[48,50031,59],{"class":58},[48,50033,3370],{"class":99},[48,50035,50036,50038,50040,50042,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50037,276],{"class":147},[48,50039,151],{"class":62},[48,50041,2094],{"class":281},[48,50043,151],{"class":62},[48,50045,933],{"class":137},[48,50047,4442],{"class":62},[48,50049,7181],{"class":58},[48,50051,45821],{"class":281},[48,50053,162],{"class":62},[1752,50055,50057],{"id":50056},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,50058,50059],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,50061,50062],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[39,50064,50066],{"className":41,"code":50065,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,50067,50068,50076],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50069,50070,50072,50074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50071,3231],{"class":54},[48,50073,59],{"class":58},[48,50075,3370],{"class":99},[48,50077,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50079,276],{"class":147},[48,50081,151],{"class":62},[48,50083,49421],{"class":147},[48,50085,151],{"class":62},[48,50087,933],{"class":137},[48,50089,87],{"class":62},[48,50091,45821],{"class":281},[48,50093,670],{"class":62},[20,50095,50096,50097,50099],{},"For beginners, ",[15,50098,45350],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,50101,50102],{},"In everyday code:",[209,50104,50105,50110],{},[212,50106,40532,50107,50109],{},[15,50108,3085],{}," when you need the exact type",[212,50111,40532,50112,50114],{},[15,50113,45350],{}," when you want a practical type check",[34,50116,50118],{"id":50117},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,50120,50121,50122,134],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,50123,45350],{},[1752,50125,50127],{"id":50126},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[39,50129,50131],{"className":41,"code":50130,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,50132,50133,50151,50170,50182,50187,50205,50216,50220,50232,50236,50260],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50134,50135,50137,50140,50142,50144,50146,50149],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50136,35388],{"class":915},[48,50138,50139],{"class":35391}," repeat_text",[48,50141,151],{"class":62},[48,50143,35245],{"class":38203},[48,50145,87],{"class":62},[48,50147,50148],{"class":38203}," count",[48,50150,9109],{"class":62},[48,50152,50153,50155,50157,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50154,2303],{"class":116},[48,50156,8866],{"class":58},[48,50158,50159],{"class":147}," isinstance",[48,50161,151],{"class":62},[48,50163,35245],{"class":137},[48,50165,87],{"class":62},[48,50167,49450],{"class":281},[48,50169,9109],{"class":62},[48,50171,50172,50175,50177,50180],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,50173,50174],{"class":116},"        return",[48,50176,79],{"class":66},[48,50178,50179],{"class":70},"text must be a string",[48,50181,4138],{"class":66},[48,50183,50184],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,50185,50186],{"class":54},"    \n",[48,50188,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,50190,2303],{"class":116},[48,50192,8866],{"class":58},[48,50194,50159],{"class":147},[48,50196,151],{"class":62},[48,50198,41802],{"class":137},[48,50200,87],{"class":62},[48,50202,45821],{"class":281},[48,50204,9109],{"class":62},[48,50206,50207,50209,50211,50214],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,50208,50174],{"class":116},[48,50210,79],{"class":66},[48,50212,50213],{"class":70},"count must be an integer",[48,50215,4138],{"class":66},[48,50217,50218],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,50219,50186],{"class":54},[48,50221,50222,50224,50227,50229],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,50223,35399],{"class":116},[48,50225,50226],{"class":54}," text ",[48,50228,40414],{"class":58},[48,50230,50231],{"class":54}," count\n",[48,50233,50234],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,50235,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,50237,50238,50240,50242,50245,50247,50249,50252,50254,50256,50258],{"class":50,"line":7207},[48,50239,276],{"class":147},[48,50241,151],{"class":62},[48,50243,50244],{"class":137},"repeat_text",[48,50246,151],{"class":62},[48,50248,67],{"class":66},[48,50250,50251],{"class":70},"Hi ",[48,50253,67],{"class":66},[48,50255,87],{"class":62},[48,50257,800],{"class":99},[48,50259,670],{"class":62},[48,50261,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284],{"class":50,"line":12342},[48,50263,276],{"class":147},[48,50265,151],{"class":62},[48,50267,50244],{"class":137},[48,50269,151],{"class":62},[48,50271,67],{"class":66},[48,50273,50251],{"class":70},[48,50275,67],{"class":66},[48,50277,87],{"class":62},[48,50279,79],{"class":66},[48,50281,2848],{"class":70},[48,50283,67],{"class":66},[48,50285,670],{"class":62},[20,50287,168],{},[39,50289,50291],{"className":41,"code":50290,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50292,50293,50298],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50294,50295],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50296,50297],{"class":54},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[48,50299,50300],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50301,50302],{"class":54},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50304,50305],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1752,50307,50309],{"id":50308},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[39,50311,50313],{"className":41,"code":50312,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50314,50315,50347,50351,50367,50382,50399],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50316,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50318,3231],{"class":54},[48,50320,59],{"class":58},[48,50322,4404],{"class":62},[48,50324,67],{"class":66},[48,50326,348],{"class":70},[48,50328,67],{"class":66},[48,50330,87],{"class":62},[48,50332,79],{"class":66},[48,50334,2059],{"class":70},[48,50336,67],{"class":66},[48,50338,87],{"class":62},[48,50340,79],{"class":66},[48,50342,2265],{"class":70},[48,50344,67],{"class":66},[48,50346,1465],{"class":62},[48,50348,50349],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50350,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,50352,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,50354,7767],{"class":116},[48,50356,50159],{"class":147},[48,50358,151],{"class":62},[48,50360,933],{"class":137},[48,50362,87],{"class":62},[48,50364,49450],{"class":281},[48,50366,9109],{"class":62},[48,50368,50369,50371,50373,50375,50378,50380],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,50370,148],{"class":147},[48,50372,151],{"class":62},[48,50374,67],{"class":66},[48,50376,50377],{"class":70},"This is text",[48,50379,67],{"class":66},[48,50381,162],{"class":62},[48,50383,50384,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,50385,50386],{"class":116},"elif",[48,50388,50159],{"class":147},[48,50390,151],{"class":62},[48,50392,933],{"class":137},[48,50394,87],{"class":62},[48,50396,1191],{"class":281},[48,50398,9109],{"class":62},[48,50400,50401,50403,50405,50407,50410,50412],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,50402,148],{"class":147},[48,50404,151],{"class":62},[48,50406,67],{"class":66},[48,50408,50409],{"class":70},"This is a list",[48,50411,67],{"class":66},[48,50413,162],{"class":62},[20,50415,168],{},[39,50417,50419],{"className":41,"code":50418,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"This is a list\n",[15,50420,50421],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50422,50423,50426,50428,50430],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50424,50425],{"class":54},"This ",[48,50427,12939],{"class":58},[48,50429,45089],{"class":54},[48,50431,50432],{"class":281},"list\n",[1752,50434,50436],{"id":50435},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[39,50438,50440],{"className":41,"code":50439,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50441,50442,50454,50458,50474,50488],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50443,50444,50446,50448,50450,50452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50445,3231],{"class":54},[48,50447,59],{"class":58},[48,50449,79],{"class":66},[48,50451,47071],{"class":70},[48,50453,4138],{"class":66},[48,50455,50456],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50457,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,50459,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,50461,7767],{"class":116},[48,50463,50159],{"class":147},[48,50465,151],{"class":62},[48,50467,933],{"class":137},[48,50469,87],{"class":62},[48,50471,49450],{"class":281},[48,50473,9109],{"class":62},[48,50475,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,50477,42433],{"class":54},[48,50479,59],{"class":58},[48,50481,45821],{"class":281},[48,50483,151],{"class":62},[48,50485,933],{"class":137},[48,50487,162],{"class":62},[48,50489,50490,50492,50494,50496],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,50491,148],{"class":147},[48,50493,151],{"class":62},[48,50495,3023],{"class":137},[48,50497,162],{"class":62},[20,50499,168],{},[39,50501,50502],{"className":41,"code":47157,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,50503,50504],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50505,50506],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50507,47157],{"class":99},[20,50509,50510],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1752,50512,50514],{"id":50513},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[39,50516,50518],{"className":41,"code":50517,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50519,50520,50544,50548,50564],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50521,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50523,3231],{"class":54},[48,50525,59],{"class":58},[48,50527,63],{"class":62},[48,50529,67],{"class":66},[48,50531,71],{"class":70},[48,50533,67],{"class":66},[48,50535,76],{"class":62},[48,50537,79],{"class":66},[48,50539,82],{"class":70},[48,50541,67],{"class":66},[48,50543,103],{"class":62},[48,50545,50546],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50547,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,50549,50550,50552,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,50551,7767],{"class":116},[48,50553,50159],{"class":147},[48,50555,151],{"class":62},[48,50557,933],{"class":137},[48,50559,87],{"class":62},[48,50561,9936],{"class":281},[48,50563,9109],{"class":62},[48,50565,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576,50578,50580],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,50567,148],{"class":147},[48,50569,151],{"class":62},[48,50571,933],{"class":137},[48,50573,682],{"class":62},[48,50575,67],{"class":66},[48,50577,71],{"class":70},[48,50579,67],{"class":66},[48,50581,4670],{"class":62},[20,50583,168],{},[39,50585,50587],{"className":41,"code":50586,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana\n",[15,50588,50589],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50590,50591],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50592,50586],{"class":54},[20,50594,50595,50596,50598],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50597,3787],{}," messages later.",[34,50600,5300],{"id":5299},[1752,50602,50604,50605,11844,50608],{"id":50603},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50606,50607],{},"\"int\"",[15,50609,2972],{},[20,50611,17372],{},[39,50613,50615],{"className":41,"code":50614,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50616,50617,50625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50618,50619,50621,50623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50620,3231],{"class":54},[48,50622,59],{"class":58},[48,50624,3370],{"class":99},[48,50626,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637,50639,50641,50643,50645],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50628,276],{"class":147},[48,50630,151],{"class":62},[48,50632,49421],{"class":147},[48,50634,151],{"class":62},[48,50636,933],{"class":137},[48,50638,87],{"class":62},[48,50640,79],{"class":66},[48,50642,2972],{"class":70},[48,50644,67],{"class":66},[48,50646,670],{"class":62},[20,50648,50649,50651],{},[15,50650,50607],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50653,17384],{},[39,50655,50656],{"className":41,"code":50065,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,50657,50658,50666],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50659,50660,50662,50664],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50661,3231],{"class":54},[48,50663,59],{"class":58},[48,50665,3370],{"class":99},[48,50667,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50669,276],{"class":147},[48,50671,151],{"class":62},[48,50673,49421],{"class":147},[48,50675,151],{"class":62},[48,50677,933],{"class":137},[48,50679,87],{"class":62},[48,50681,45821],{"class":281},[48,50683,670],{"class":62},[1752,50685,50687],{"id":50686},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50689,17372],{},[39,50691,50693],{"className":41,"code":50692,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50694,50695,50703],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50696,50697,50699,50701],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50698,3231],{"class":54},[48,50700,59],{"class":58},[48,50702,35379],{"class":99},[48,50704,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50706,276],{"class":147},[48,50708,151],{"class":62},[48,50710,49421],{"class":147},[48,50712,151],{"class":62},[48,50714,933],{"class":137},[48,50716,87],{"class":62},[48,50718,4404],{"class":62},[48,50720,2972],{"class":281},[48,50722,87],{"class":62},[48,50724,40797],{"class":281},[48,50726,3781],{"class":62},[20,50728,50729],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50731,17384],{},[39,50733,50735],{"className":41,"code":50734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50736,50737,50745],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50738,50739,50741,50743],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50740,3231],{"class":54},[48,50742,59],{"class":58},[48,50744,35379],{"class":99},[48,50746,50747,50749,50751,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50748,276],{"class":147},[48,50750,151],{"class":62},[48,50752,49421],{"class":147},[48,50754,151],{"class":62},[48,50756,933],{"class":137},[48,50758,87],{"class":62},[48,50760,330],{"class":62},[48,50762,2972],{"class":281},[48,50764,87],{"class":62},[48,50766,40797],{"class":281},[48,50768,3693],{"class":62},[1752,50770,26306,50772,50774],{"id":50771},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50773,45350],{}," converts a value",[20,50776,19634],{},[39,50778,50780],{"className":41,"code":50779,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50781,50782,50795,50813,50817],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50783,50784,50786,50788,50790,50793],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50785,3231],{"class":54},[48,50787,59],{"class":58},[48,50789,79],{"class":66},[48,50791,50792],{"class":70},"123",[48,50794,4138],{"class":66},[48,50796,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50798,449],{"class":54},[48,50800,59],{"class":58},[48,50802,50159],{"class":147},[48,50804,151],{"class":62},[48,50806,933],{"class":137},[48,50808,87],{"class":62},[48,50810,45821],{"class":281},[48,50812,162],{"class":62},[48,50814,50815],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,50816,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,50818,50819,50821,50823,50825],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,50820,276],{"class":147},[48,50822,151],{"class":62},[48,50824,474],{"class":137},[48,50826,162],{"class":62},[20,50828,168],{},[39,50830,50831],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,50832,50833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50834,50835],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50836,4822],{"class":1642},[20,50838,50839,50840,50843,50844,50846],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50841,50842],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50845,50792],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50848,50849,50850,7401],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50851,50852],{},"int(value)",[1752,50854,50856],{"id":50855},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50858,50859,50861],{},[15,50860,45350],{}," does not modify anything.",[39,50863,50865],{"className":41,"code":50864,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50866,50867,50879,50883,50901],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50868,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50870,3231],{"class":54},[48,50872,59],{"class":58},[48,50874,79],{"class":66},[48,50876,14292],{"class":70},[48,50878,4138],{"class":66},[48,50880,50881],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50882,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,50884,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897,50899],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,50886,276],{"class":147},[48,50888,151],{"class":62},[48,50890,49421],{"class":147},[48,50892,151],{"class":62},[48,50894,933],{"class":137},[48,50896,87],{"class":62},[48,50898,49450],{"class":281},[48,50900,670],{"class":62},[48,50902,50903,50905,50907,50909],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,50904,276],{"class":147},[48,50906,151],{"class":62},[48,50908,933],{"class":137},[48,50910,162],{"class":62},[20,50912,168],{},[39,50914,50916],{"className":41,"code":50915,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\n100\n",[15,50917,50918,50922],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50919,50920],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50921,4761],{"class":1642},[48,50923,50924],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50925,47808],{"class":99},[20,50927,50928],{},"The value stays the same.",[34,50930,26474],{"id":26473},[20,50932,50933],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[39,50935,50937],{"className":41,"code":50936,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50938,50939,50953,50971,50995],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50940,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50942,276],{"class":147},[48,50944,151],{"class":62},[48,50946,2094],{"class":281},[48,50948,151],{"class":62},[48,50950,933],{"class":137},[48,50952,670],{"class":62},[48,50954,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,50956,276],{"class":147},[48,50958,151],{"class":62},[48,50960,49421],{"class":147},[48,50962,151],{"class":62},[48,50964,933],{"class":137},[48,50966,87],{"class":62},[48,50968,45821],{"class":281},[48,50970,670],{"class":62},[48,50972,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,50974,276],{"class":147},[48,50976,151],{"class":62},[48,50978,49421],{"class":147},[48,50980,151],{"class":62},[48,50982,933],{"class":137},[48,50984,87],{"class":62},[48,50986,330],{"class":62},[48,50988,2972],{"class":281},[48,50990,87],{"class":62},[48,50992,40797],{"class":281},[48,50994,3693],{"class":62},[48,50996,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,50998,276],{"class":147},[48,51000,151],{"class":62},[48,51002,42322],{"class":147},[48,51004,151],{"class":62},[48,51006,933],{"class":137},[48,51008,670],{"class":62},[20,51010,51011],{},"These can help when:",[209,51013,51014,51017,51022,51025],{},[212,51015,51016],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[212,51018,51019,51020],{},"you are getting a ",[15,51021,3787],{},[212,51023,51024],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[212,51026,51027,51028,51030],{},"the second argument to ",[15,51029,45350],{}," is invalid",[20,51032,51033],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[209,51035,51036,51050,51056,51061],{},[212,51037,51038,51039,352,51042,51045,51046,352,51048],{},"using ",[15,51040,51041],{},"'int'",[15,51043,51044],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,51047,2972],{},[15,51049,4223],{},[212,51051,51052,51053,51055],{},"expecting ",[15,51054,45350],{}," to convert a value",[212,51057,51038,51058,51060],{},[15,51059,3085],{}," when inherited types should also match",[212,51062,51063],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,51065,51066,51067,134],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[348,51068,51070,51071],{"href":51069},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,51072,51073],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[34,51075,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,51077,5920,51079,2596],{"id":51078},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,51080,45350],{},[20,51082,5925,51083,51085,51086,134],{},[15,51084,4385],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,51087,4456],{},[1752,51089,5947,51091,51093],{"id":51090},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,51092,45350],{}," check more than one type?",[20,51095,51096,51097,134],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,51098,51099],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1752,51101,5957,51103,5174,51105,2623],{"id":51102},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,51104,45350],{},[15,51106,3085],{},[20,51108,51109,51111,51112,51114],{},[15,51110,3085],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,51113,45350],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1752,51116,2606,51118,51120],{"id":51117},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,51119,45350],{}," convert a value?",[20,51122,51123],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[34,51125,2679],{"id":2678},[209,51127,51128,51134,51138,51143,51148],{},[212,51129,51130],{},[348,51131,4356,51132,4289],{"href":3082},[15,51133,3085],{},[212,51135,51136],{},[348,51137,45342],{"href":49524},[212,51139,51140],{},[348,51141,51142],{"href":3743},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[212,51144,51145],{},[348,51146,51147],{"href":49527},"What is a data type in Python?",[212,51149,51150],{},[348,51151,51070,51152],{"href":51069},[15,51153,51073],{},[2711,51155,51156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":51158},[51159,51160,51162,51165,51169,51170,51175,51181,51189,51190,51200],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":49463,"depth":106,"text":51161},"What isinstance() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":51163},[51164],{"id":49555,"depth":113,"text":49556},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225,"children":51166},[51167,51168],{"id":49643,"depth":113,"text":49644},{"id":49714,"depth":113,"text":49715},{"id":49801,"depth":106,"text":49802},{"id":49998,"depth":106,"text":51171,"children":51172},"isinstance() vs type()",[51173,51174],{"id":50014,"depth":113,"text":50017},{"id":50056,"depth":113,"text":50059},{"id":50117,"depth":106,"text":50118,"children":51176},[51177,51178,51179,51180],{"id":50126,"depth":113,"text":50127},{"id":50308,"depth":113,"text":50309},{"id":50435,"depth":113,"text":50436},{"id":50513,"depth":113,"text":50514},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":51182},[51183,51185,51186,51188],{"id":50603,"depth":113,"text":51184},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50686,"depth":113,"text":50687},{"id":50771,"depth":113,"text":51187},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50855,"depth":113,"text":50856},{"id":26473,"depth":106,"text":26474},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":51191},[51192,51194,51196,51198],{"id":51078,"depth":113,"text":51193},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51090,"depth":113,"text":51195},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51102,"depth":113,"text":51197},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51117,"depth":113,"text":51199},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49364,"description":51201},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51207,"title":51208,"body":51209,"description":53182,"extension":2749,"meta":53183,"navigation":109,"path":53184,"seo":53185,"stem":53186,"__hash__":53187},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51210,"toc":53157},[51211,51214,51219,51224,51238,51241,51243,51318,51323,51327,51332,51335,51349,51351,51517,51530,51532,51534,51549,51552,51555,51568,51570,51668,51672,51678,51681,51690,51692,51727,51732,51753,51758,51763,51795,51798,51855,51859,51865,51868,51921,51923,51963,51966,52034,52037,52088,52095,52099,52105,52190,52196,52202,52251,52254,52257,52307,52309,52314,52318,52368,52372,52419,52423,52500,52504,52569,52572,52576,52581,52586,52598,52600,52619,52625,52628,52647,52652,52679,52686,52690,52696,52699,52794,52797,52800,52849,52854,52856,52860,52895,52898,52955,52965,52968,53002,53005,53007,53011,53014,53018,53021,53025,53028,53032,53045,53049,53054,53056,53106,53118,53120,53154],[10,51212,51208],{"id":51213},"python-len-function-explained",[20,51215,9890,51216,51218],{},[15,51217,42904],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,51220,35943,51221,51223],{},[15,51222,42904],{}," to count:",[209,51225,51226,51229,51232,51235],{},[212,51227,51228],{},"characters in a string",[212,51230,51231],{},"items in a list or tuple",[212,51233,51234],{},"keys in a dictionary",[212,51236,51237],{},"unique items in a set",[20,51239,51240],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[34,51242,37],{"id":36},[39,51244,51246],{"className":41,"code":51245,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51247,51248,51260,51280,51284,51301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51249,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51251,35224],{"class":54},[48,51253,59],{"class":58},[48,51255,79],{"class":66},[48,51257,4628],{"class":70},[48,51259,4138],{"class":66},[48,51261,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274,51276,51278],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51263,8549],{"class":54},[48,51265,59],{"class":58},[48,51267,4404],{"class":62},[48,51269,3114],{"class":99},[48,51271,87],{"class":62},[48,51273,2506],{"class":99},[48,51275,87],{"class":62},[48,51277,8564],{"class":99},[48,51279,1465],{"class":62},[48,51281,51282],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,51283,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,51285,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,51287,276],{"class":147},[48,51289,151],{"class":62},[48,51291,11914],{"class":147},[48,51293,151],{"class":62},[48,51295,35245],{"class":137},[48,51297,6139],{"class":62},[48,51299,51300],{"class":4445},"   # 5\n",[48,51302,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51315],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,51304,276],{"class":147},[48,51306,151],{"class":62},[48,51308,11914],{"class":147},[48,51310,151],{"class":62},[48,51312,138],{"class":137},[48,51314,6139],{"class":62},[48,51316,51317],{"class":4445},"  # 3\n",[20,51319,189,51320,51322],{},[15,51321,42904],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[34,51324,51326],{"id":51325},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51328,51329,51331],{},[15,51330,42904],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51333,51334],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[209,51336,51337,51340,51343,51346],{},[212,51338,51339],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[212,51341,51342],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[212,51344,51345],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[212,51347,51348],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51350,226],{},[39,51352,51354],{"className":41,"code":51353,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51355,51356,51368,51393,51425,51445,51449,51466,51483,51500],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51357,51358,51360,51362,51364,51366],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51359,8645],{"class":54},[48,51361,59],{"class":58},[48,51363,79],{"class":66},[48,51365,8446],{"class":70},[48,51367,4138],{"class":66},[48,51369,51370,51372,51374,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388,51391],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51371,2232],{"class":54},[48,51373,59],{"class":58},[48,51375,4404],{"class":62},[48,51377,3114],{"class":99},[48,51379,87],{"class":62},[48,51381,2506],{"class":99},[48,51383,87],{"class":62},[48,51385,8564],{"class":99},[48,51387,87],{"class":62},[48,51389,51390],{"class":99}," 40",[48,51392,1465],{"class":62},[48,51394,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,51396,602],{"class":54},[48,51398,59],{"class":58},[48,51400,63],{"class":62},[48,51402,67],{"class":66},[48,51404,348],{"class":70},[48,51406,67],{"class":66},[48,51408,76],{"class":62},[48,51410,618],{"class":99},[48,51412,87],{"class":62},[48,51414,79],{"class":66},[48,51416,2059],{"class":70},[48,51418,67],{"class":66},[48,51420,76],{"class":62},[48,51422,632],{"class":99},[48,51424,103],{"class":62},[48,51426,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,51428,4605],{"class":54},[48,51430,59],{"class":58},[48,51432,63],{"class":62},[48,51434,2921],{"class":99},[48,51436,87],{"class":62},[48,51438,38184],{"class":99},[48,51440,87],{"class":62},[48,51442,6769],{"class":99},[48,51444,103],{"class":62},[48,51446,51447],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,51448,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,51450,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,51452,276],{"class":147},[48,51454,151],{"class":62},[48,51456,11914],{"class":147},[48,51458,151],{"class":62},[48,51460,71],{"class":137},[48,51462,6139],{"class":62},[48,51464,51465],{"class":4445},"     # 3\n",[48,51467,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,51469,276],{"class":147},[48,51471,151],{"class":62},[48,51473,11914],{"class":147},[48,51475,151],{"class":62},[48,51477,2411],{"class":137},[48,51479,6139],{"class":62},[48,51481,51482],{"class":4445},"  # 4\n",[48,51484,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,51486,276],{"class":147},[48,51488,151],{"class":62},[48,51490,11914],{"class":147},[48,51492,151],{"class":62},[48,51494,679],{"class":137},[48,51496,6139],{"class":62},[48,51498,51499],{"class":4445},"     # 2\n",[48,51501,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510,51512,51514],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,51503,276],{"class":147},[48,51505,151],{"class":62},[48,51507,11914],{"class":147},[48,51509,151],{"class":62},[48,51511,1415],{"class":137},[48,51513,6139],{"class":62},[48,51515,51516],{"class":4445},"   # 3\n",[20,51518,51519,51520,2973,51524,17798,51528,134],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[348,51521,51523],{"href":51522},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[348,51525,51527],{"href":51526},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[348,51529,351],{"href":9922},[34,51531,360],{"id":359},[20,51533,2944],{},[39,51535,51537],{"className":41,"code":51536,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"len(object)\n",[15,51538,51539],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51540,51541,51543,51545,51547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51542,11914],{"class":147},[48,51544,151],{"class":62},[48,51546,42942],{"class":281},[48,51548,162],{"class":62},[20,51550,51551],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51553,51554],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[209,51556,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565],{},[212,51558,38448],{},[212,51560,38442],{},[212,51562,38445],{},[212,51564,38451],{},[212,51566,51567],{},"a dictionary",[20,51569,226],{},[39,51571,51573],{"className":41,"code":51572,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51574,51575,51596,51620,51642],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51576,51577,51579,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51578,276],{"class":147},[48,51580,151],{"class":62},[48,51582,11914],{"class":147},[48,51584,151],{"class":62},[48,51586,67],{"class":66},[48,51588,43],{"class":70},[48,51590,67],{"class":66},[48,51592,6139],{"class":62},[48,51594,51595],{"class":4445},"      # 6\n",[48,51597,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51599,276],{"class":147},[48,51601,151],{"class":62},[48,51603,11914],{"class":147},[48,51605,3767],{"class":62},[48,51607,3770],{"class":99},[48,51609,87],{"class":62},[48,51611,632],{"class":99},[48,51613,87],{"class":62},[48,51615,800],{"class":99},[48,51617,5517],{"class":62},[48,51619,51465],{"class":4445},[48,51621,51622,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632,51634,51636,51639],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,51623,276],{"class":147},[48,51625,151],{"class":62},[48,51627,11914],{"class":147},[48,51629,6287],{"class":62},[48,51631,3114],{"class":99},[48,51633,87],{"class":62},[48,51635,2506],{"class":99},[48,51637,51638],{"class":62},")))",[48,51640,51641],{"class":4445},"      # 2\n",[48,51643,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51665],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,51645,276],{"class":147},[48,51647,151],{"class":62},[48,51649,11914],{"class":147},[48,51651,6306],{"class":62},[48,51653,67],{"class":66},[48,51655,611],{"class":70},[48,51657,67],{"class":66},[48,51659,76],{"class":62},[48,51661,618],{"class":99},[48,51663,51664],{"class":62},"}))",[48,51666,51667],{"class":4445},"      # 1\n",[34,51669,51671],{"id":51670},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51673,51674,51675,51677],{},"When you use ",[15,51676,42904],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51679,51680],{},"That includes:",[209,51682,51683,51685,51687],{},[212,51684,36682],{},[212,51686,11207],{},[212,51688,51689],{},"punctuation",[20,51691,226],{},[39,51693,51695],{"className":41,"code":51694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51696,51697,51710],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51698,51699,51701,51703,51705,51708],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51700,35224],{"class":54},[48,51702,59],{"class":58},[48,51704,79],{"class":66},[48,51706,51707],{"class":70},"Hi there!",[48,51709,4138],{"class":66},[48,51711,51712,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51713,276],{"class":147},[48,51715,151],{"class":62},[48,51717,11914],{"class":147},[48,51719,151],{"class":62},[48,51721,35245],{"class":137},[48,51723,6139],{"class":62},[48,51725,51726],{"class":4445},"  # 9\n",[20,51728,51729,51730,2623],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51731,2929],{},[209,51733,51734,51740,51744,51747],{},[212,51735,51736,51739],{},[15,51737,51738],{},"H"," = 1",[212,51741,51742,51739],{},[15,51743,36693],{},[212,51745,51746],{},"space = 1",[212,51748,51749,51752],{},[15,51750,51751],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51754,51755,51756],{},"Total: ",[15,51757,2929],{},[20,51759,51760,51761,76],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51762,2904],{},[39,51764,51766],{"className":41,"code":51765,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51767,51768,51777],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51769,51770,51773,51775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51771,51772],{"class":54},"empty_text ",[48,51774,59],{"class":58},[48,51776,8650],{"class":66},[48,51778,51779,51781,51783,51785,51787,51790,51792],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51780,276],{"class":147},[48,51782,151],{"class":62},[48,51784,11914],{"class":147},[48,51786,151],{"class":62},[48,51788,51789],{"class":137},"empty_text",[48,51791,6139],{"class":62},[48,51793,51794],{"class":4445},"  # 0\n",[20,51796,51797],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[39,51799,51801],{"className":41,"code":51800,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51802,51803,51816,51820,51840],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51804,51805,51808,51810,51812,51814],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51806,51807],{"class":54},"user_name ",[48,51809,59],{"class":58},[48,51811,79],{"class":66},[48,51813,417],{"class":70},[48,51815,4138],{"class":66},[48,51817,51818],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51819,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,51821,51822,51824,51826,51828,51831,51833,51836,51838],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,51823,7767],{"class":116},[48,51825,38927],{"class":147},[48,51827,151],{"class":62},[48,51829,51830],{"class":137},"user_name",[48,51832,4442],{"class":62},[48,51834,51835],{"class":58}," >=",[48,51837,800],{"class":99},[48,51839,1053],{"class":62},[48,51841,51842,51844,51846,51848,51851,51853],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,51843,148],{"class":147},[48,51845,151],{"class":62},[48,51847,67],{"class":66},[48,51849,51850],{"class":70},"Name is long enough",[48,51852,67],{"class":66},[48,51854,162],{"class":62},[34,51856,51858],{"id":51857},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51860,51861,51862,51864],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51863,42904],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51866,51867],{},"Example with a list:",[39,51869,51871],{"className":41,"code":51870,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51872,51873,51905],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51874,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895,51897,51899,51901,51903],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51876,1119],{"class":54},[48,51878,59],{"class":58},[48,51880,4404],{"class":62},[48,51882,67],{"class":66},[48,51884,1137],{"class":70},[48,51886,67],{"class":66},[48,51888,87],{"class":62},[48,51890,79],{"class":66},[48,51892,18179],{"class":70},[48,51894,67],{"class":66},[48,51896,87],{"class":62},[48,51898,79],{"class":66},[48,51900,13848],{"class":70},[48,51902,67],{"class":66},[48,51904,1465],{"class":62},[48,51906,51907,51909,51911,51913,51915,51917,51919],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51908,276],{"class":147},[48,51910,151],{"class":62},[48,51912,11914],{"class":147},[48,51914,151],{"class":62},[48,51916,1196],{"class":137},[48,51918,6139],{"class":62},[48,51920,51317],{"class":4445},[20,51922,38457],{},[39,51924,51926],{"className":41,"code":51925,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51927,51928,51945],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51929,51930,51933,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51931,51932],{"class":54},"point ",[48,51934,59],{"class":58},[48,51936,330],{"class":62},[48,51938,3114],{"class":99},[48,51940,87],{"class":62},[48,51942,2506],{"class":99},[48,51944,162],{"class":62},[48,51946,51947,51949,51951,51953,51955,51958,51960],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51948,276],{"class":147},[48,51950,151],{"class":62},[48,51952,11914],{"class":147},[48,51954,151],{"class":62},[48,51956,51957],{"class":137},"point",[48,51959,6139],{"class":62},[48,51961,51962],{"class":4445},"  # 2\n",[20,51964,51965],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[39,51967,51969],{"className":41,"code":51968,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51970,51971,51995,51999,52017],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51972,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981,51983,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51974,8549],{"class":54},[48,51976,59],{"class":58},[48,51978,4404],{"class":62},[48,51980,67],{"class":66},[48,51982,1128],{"class":70},[48,51984,67],{"class":66},[48,51986,87],{"class":62},[48,51988,79],{"class":66},[48,51990,1146],{"class":70},[48,51992,67],{"class":66},[48,51994,1465],{"class":62},[48,51996,51997],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,51998,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,52000,52001,52003,52005,52007,52009,52011,52013,52015],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,52002,7767],{"class":116},[48,52004,38927],{"class":147},[48,52006,151],{"class":62},[48,52008,138],{"class":137},[48,52010,4442],{"class":62},[48,52012,38937],{"class":58},[48,52014,618],{"class":99},[48,52016,1053],{"class":62},[48,52018,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,52020,148],{"class":147},[48,52022,151],{"class":62},[48,52024,138],{"class":137},[48,52026,682],{"class":62},[48,52028,3770],{"class":99},[48,52030,21164],{"class":62},[48,52032,52033],{"class":4445},"  # banana\n",[20,52035,52036],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[39,52038,52040],{"className":41,"code":52039,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,52041,52042,52065],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52043,52044,52046,52048,52050,52053,52055,52058,52060,52063],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52045,408],{"class":54},[48,52047,59],{"class":58},[48,52049,4404],{"class":62},[48,52051,52052],{"class":99},"88",[48,52054,87],{"class":62},[48,52056,52057],{"class":99}," 91",[48,52059,87],{"class":62},[48,52061,52062],{"class":99}," 75",[48,52064,1465],{"class":62},[48,52066,52067,52069,52071,52073,52076,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52068,276],{"class":147},[48,52070,151],{"class":62},[48,52072,67],{"class":66},[48,52074,52075],{"class":70},"Number of scores:",[48,52077,67],{"class":66},[48,52079,87],{"class":62},[48,52081,38927],{"class":147},[48,52083,151],{"class":62},[48,52085,486],{"class":137},[48,52087,670],{"class":62},[20,52089,52090,52091,134],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[348,52092,52094],{"href":52093},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[34,52096,52098],{"id":52097},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,52100,52101,52102,52104],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,52103,42904],{}," counts keys.",[39,52106,52108],{"className":41,"code":52107,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,52109,52110,52118,52136,52150,52166,52170,52174],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52111,52112,52114,52116],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52113,829],{"class":54},[48,52115,59],{"class":58},[48,52117,1586],{"class":62},[48,52119,52120,52122,52124,52126,52128,52130,52132,52134],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52121,1591],{"class":66},[48,52123,71],{"class":70},[48,52125,67],{"class":66},[48,52127,76],{"class":62},[48,52129,79],{"class":66},[48,52131,846],{"class":70},[48,52133,67],{"class":66},[48,52135,1608],{"class":62},[48,52137,52138,52140,52142,52144,52146,52148],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,52139,1591],{"class":66},[48,52141,92],{"class":70},[48,52143,67],{"class":66},[48,52145,76],{"class":62},[48,52147,31477],{"class":99},[48,52149,1608],{"class":62},[48,52151,52152,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,52153,1591],{"class":66},[48,52155,855],{"class":70},[48,52157,67],{"class":66},[48,52159,76],{"class":62},[48,52161,79],{"class":66},[48,52163,864],{"class":70},[48,52165,4138],{"class":66},[48,52167,52168],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,52169,103],{"class":62},[48,52171,52172],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,52173,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,52175,52176,52178,52180,52182,52184,52186,52188],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,52177,276],{"class":147},[48,52179,151],{"class":62},[48,52181,11914],{"class":147},[48,52183,151],{"class":62},[48,52185,1076],{"class":137},[48,52187,6139],{"class":62},[48,52189,51317],{"class":4445},[20,52191,52192,52193,52195],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,52194,42904],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,52197,52198,52199,52201],{},"For sets, ",[15,52200,42904],{}," counts unique items:",[39,52203,52205],{"className":41,"code":52204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,52206,52207,52235],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52208,52209,52211,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221,52223,52225,52227,52229,52231,52233],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52210,2232],{"class":54},[48,52212,59],{"class":58},[48,52214,63],{"class":62},[48,52216,3770],{"class":99},[48,52218,87],{"class":62},[48,52220,632],{"class":99},[48,52222,87],{"class":62},[48,52224,800],{"class":99},[48,52226,87],{"class":62},[48,52228,800],{"class":99},[48,52230,87],{"class":62},[48,52232,632],{"class":99},[48,52234,103],{"class":62},[48,52236,52237,52239,52241,52243,52245,52247,52249],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52238,276],{"class":147},[48,52240,151],{"class":62},[48,52242,11914],{"class":147},[48,52244,151],{"class":62},[48,52246,2411],{"class":137},[48,52248,6139],{"class":62},[48,52250,51317],{"class":4445},[20,52252,52253],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,52255,52256],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[39,52258,52260],{"className":41,"code":52259,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52261,52262,52270,52274,52292],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52263,52264,52266,52268],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52265,602],{"class":54},[48,52267,59],{"class":58},[48,52269,10593],{"class":62},[48,52271,52272],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52273,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,52275,52276,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,52277,7767],{"class":116},[48,52279,38927],{"class":147},[48,52281,151],{"class":62},[48,52283,679],{"class":137},[48,52285,4442],{"class":62},[48,52287,7181],{"class":58},[48,52289,4616],{"class":99},[48,52291,1053],{"class":62},[48,52293,52294,52296,52298,52300,52303,52305],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,52295,148],{"class":147},[48,52297,151],{"class":62},[48,52299,67],{"class":66},[48,52301,52302],{"class":70},"The dictionary is empty",[48,52304,67],{"class":66},[48,52306,162],{"class":62},[34,52308,41588],{"id":41587},[20,52310,52311,52312,134],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52313,42904],{},[1752,52315,52317],{"id":52316},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[39,52319,52321],{"className":41,"code":52320,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52322,52323,52331,52335,52353],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52324,52325,52327,52329],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52326,8549],{"class":54},[48,52328,59],{"class":58},[48,52330,8607],{"class":62},[48,52332,52333],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52334,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,52336,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,52338,7767],{"class":116},[48,52340,38927],{"class":147},[48,52342,151],{"class":62},[48,52344,138],{"class":137},[48,52346,4442],{"class":62},[48,52348,7181],{"class":58},[48,52350,4616],{"class":99},[48,52352,1053],{"class":62},[48,52354,52355,52357,52359,52361,52364,52366],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,52356,148],{"class":147},[48,52358,151],{"class":62},[48,52360,67],{"class":66},[48,52362,52363],{"class":70},"The list is empty",[48,52365,67],{"class":66},[48,52367,162],{"class":62},[1752,52369,52371],{"id":52370},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[39,52373,52375],{"className":41,"code":52374,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52376,52377,52396],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52378,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52392,52394],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52380,6929],{"class":54},[48,52382,59],{"class":58},[48,52384,9009],{"class":147},[48,52386,151],{"class":62},[48,52388,67],{"class":66},[48,52390,52391],{"class":70},"Enter a word: ",[48,52393,67],{"class":66},[48,52395,162],{"class":62},[48,52397,52398,52400,52402,52404,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415,52417],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52399,276],{"class":147},[48,52401,151],{"class":62},[48,52403,67],{"class":66},[48,52405,52406],{"class":70},"Number of characters:",[48,52408,67],{"class":66},[48,52410,87],{"class":62},[48,52412,38927],{"class":147},[48,52414,151],{"class":62},[48,52416,38932],{"class":137},[48,52418,670],{"class":62},[1752,52420,52422],{"id":52421},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[39,52424,52426],{"className":41,"code":52425,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52427,52428,52442,52446,52464,52479,52485],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52429,52430,52433,52435,52437,52440],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52431,52432],{"class":54},"password ",[48,52434,59],{"class":58},[48,52436,79],{"class":66},[48,52438,52439],{"class":70},"secret123",[48,52441,4138],{"class":66},[48,52443,52444],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52445,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,52447,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,52449,7767],{"class":116},[48,52451,38927],{"class":147},[48,52453,151],{"class":62},[48,52455,18344],{"class":137},[48,52457,4442],{"class":62},[48,52459,51835],{"class":58},[48,52461,7134],{"class":99},[48,52463,1053],{"class":62},[48,52465,52466,52468,52470,52472,52475,52477],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,52467,148],{"class":147},[48,52469,151],{"class":62},[48,52471,67],{"class":66},[48,52473,52474],{"class":70},"Password length is valid",[48,52476,67],{"class":66},[48,52478,162],{"class":62},[48,52480,52481,52483],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,52482,27966],{"class":116},[48,52484,1053],{"class":62},[48,52486,52487,52489,52491,52493,52496,52498],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,52488,148],{"class":147},[48,52490,151],{"class":62},[48,52492,67],{"class":66},[48,52494,52495],{"class":70},"Password is too short",[48,52497,67],{"class":66},[48,52499,162],{"class":62},[1752,52501,52503],{"id":52502},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[39,52505,52507],{"className":41,"code":52506,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52508,52509,52545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52510,52511,52514,52516,52518,52520,52523,52525,52527,52529,52532,52534,52536,52538,52541,52543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52512,52513],{"class":54},"results ",[48,52515,59],{"class":58},[48,52517,4404],{"class":62},[48,52519,67],{"class":66},[48,52521,52522],{"class":70},"item1",[48,52524,67],{"class":66},[48,52526,87],{"class":62},[48,52528,79],{"class":66},[48,52530,52531],{"class":70},"item2",[48,52533,67],{"class":66},[48,52535,87],{"class":62},[48,52537,79],{"class":66},[48,52539,52540],{"class":70},"item3",[48,52542,67],{"class":66},[48,52544,1465],{"class":62},[48,52546,52547,52549,52551,52553,52556,52558,52560,52562,52564,52567],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52548,276],{"class":147},[48,52550,151],{"class":62},[48,52552,67],{"class":66},[48,52554,52555],{"class":70},"Items found:",[48,52557,67],{"class":66},[48,52559,87],{"class":62},[48,52561,38927],{"class":147},[48,52563,151],{"class":62},[48,52565,52566],{"class":137},"results",[48,52568,670],{"class":62},[20,52570,52571],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[34,52573,52575],{"id":52574},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52577,52578,52580],{},[15,52579,42904],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52582,52583,52584,76],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52585,3787],{},[209,52587,52588,52591,52594],{},[212,52589,52590],{},"plain integers",[212,52592,52593],{},"floats",[212,52595,52596],{},[15,52597,4560],{},[20,52599,226],{},[39,52601,52603],{"className":41,"code":52602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52604,52605],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52606,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52608,276],{"class":147},[48,52610,151],{"class":62},[48,52612,11914],{"class":147},[48,52614,151],{"class":62},[48,52616,2921],{"class":99},[48,52618,670],{"class":62},[20,52620,52621,52622,52624],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52623,2921],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52626,52627],{},"Another example:",[39,52629,52631],{"className":41,"code":52630,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52632,52633],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52634,52635,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52636,276],{"class":147},[48,52638,151],{"class":62},[48,52640,11914],{"class":147},[48,52642,151],{"class":62},[48,52644,40685],{"class":99},[48,52646,670],{"class":62},[20,52648,52649,52650,76],{},"And with ",[15,52651,4560],{},[39,52653,52655],{"className":41,"code":52654,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52656,52657,52665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52658,52659,52661,52663],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52660,3231],{"class":54},[48,52662,59],{"class":58},[48,52664,49073],{"class":1642},[48,52666,52667,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52668,276],{"class":147},[48,52670,151],{"class":62},[48,52672,11914],{"class":147},[48,52674,151],{"class":62},[48,52676,933],{"class":137},[48,52678,670],{"class":62},[20,52680,52681,52682,134],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[348,52683,52685],{"href":52684},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[34,52687,52689],{"id":52688},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52691,52692,52693,52695],{},"Before using ",[15,52694,42904],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52697,52698],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[39,52700,52702],{"className":41,"code":52701,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52703,52704,52712,52716,52726,52740,52758,52776],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52705,52706,52708,52710],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52707,3231],{"class":54},[48,52709,59],{"class":58},[48,52711,49073],{"class":1642},[48,52713,52714],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52715,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,52717,52718,52720,52722,52724],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,52719,276],{"class":147},[48,52721,151],{"class":62},[48,52723,933],{"class":137},[48,52725,162],{"class":62},[48,52727,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,52729,276],{"class":147},[48,52731,151],{"class":62},[48,52733,2094],{"class":281},[48,52735,151],{"class":62},[48,52737,933],{"class":137},[48,52739,670],{"class":62},[48,52741,52742,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,52743,276],{"class":147},[48,52745,151],{"class":62},[48,52747,49421],{"class":147},[48,52749,151],{"class":62},[48,52751,933],{"class":137},[48,52753,87],{"class":62},[48,52755,49450],{"class":281},[48,52757,670],{"class":62},[48,52759,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,52761,276],{"class":147},[48,52763,151],{"class":62},[48,52765,49421],{"class":147},[48,52767,151],{"class":62},[48,52769,933],{"class":137},[48,52771,87],{"class":62},[48,52773,1191],{"class":281},[48,52775,670],{"class":62},[48,52777,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,52779,276],{"class":147},[48,52781,151],{"class":62},[48,52783,49421],{"class":147},[48,52785,151],{"class":62},[48,52787,933],{"class":137},[48,52789,87],{"class":62},[48,52791,9936],{"class":281},[48,52793,670],{"class":62},[20,52795,52796],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52798,52799],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[39,52801,52803],{"className":41,"code":52802,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52804,52805,52817,52821,52835],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52806,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52808,3231],{"class":54},[48,52810,59],{"class":58},[48,52812,79],{"class":66},[48,52814,4628],{"class":70},[48,52816,4138],{"class":66},[48,52818,52819],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52820,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,52822,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,52824,7767],{"class":116},[48,52826,125],{"class":54},[48,52828,12939],{"class":58},[48,52830,8866],{"class":58},[48,52832,4635],{"class":1642},[48,52834,1053],{"class":62},[48,52836,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,52838,148],{"class":147},[48,52840,151],{"class":62},[48,52842,11914],{"class":147},[48,52844,151],{"class":62},[48,52846,933],{"class":137},[48,52848,670],{"class":62},[20,52850,52851,52852,134],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[348,52853,9209],{"href":3082},[34,52855,1745],{"id":1744},[20,52857,1748,52858,76],{},[15,52859,42904],{},[209,52861,52862,52870,52878,52886,52892],{},[212,52863,9185,52864,52866,52867],{},[15,52865,42904],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52868,52869],{},"len(5)",[212,52871,9185,52872,52874,52875],{},[15,52873,42904],{}," on a float like ",[15,52876,52877],{},"len(3.14)",[212,52879,9185,52880,52882,52883,52885],{},[15,52881,42904],{}," on ",[15,52884,4560],{}," after a function returns nothing",[212,52887,5361,52888,52891],{},[15,52889,52890],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[212,52893,52894],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52896,52897],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[39,52899,52901],{"className":41,"code":52900,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52902,52903,52939],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52904,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52906,55],{"class":54},[48,52908,59],{"class":58},[48,52910,63],{"class":62},[48,52912,67],{"class":66},[48,52914,71],{"class":70},[48,52916,67],{"class":66},[48,52918,76],{"class":62},[48,52920,79],{"class":66},[48,52922,82],{"class":70},[48,52924,67],{"class":66},[48,52926,87],{"class":62},[48,52928,79],{"class":66},[48,52930,92],{"class":70},[48,52932,67],{"class":66},[48,52934,76],{"class":62},[48,52936,2506],{"class":99},[48,52938,103],{"class":62},[48,52940,52941,52943,52945,52947,52949,52951,52953],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52942,276],{"class":147},[48,52944,151],{"class":62},[48,52946,11914],{"class":147},[48,52948,151],{"class":62},[48,52950,287],{"class":137},[48,52952,6139],{"class":62},[48,52954,51962],{"class":4445},[20,52956,38135,52957,52959,52960,5174,52962,134],{},[15,52958,2842],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52961,15968],{},[15,52963,52964],{},"\"age\"",[20,52966,52967],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[39,52969,52971],{"className":41,"code":52970,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52972,52973,52986],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52974,52975,52977,52979,52981,52984],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52976,35224],{"class":54},[48,52978,59],{"class":58},[48,52980,79],{"class":66},[48,52982,52983],{"class":70},"a b",[48,52985,4138],{"class":66},[48,52987,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52998,53000],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,52989,276],{"class":147},[48,52991,151],{"class":62},[48,52993,11914],{"class":147},[48,52995,151],{"class":62},[48,52997,35245],{"class":137},[48,52999,6139],{"class":62},[48,53001,51317],{"class":4445},[20,53003,53004],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[34,53006,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,53008,53010],{"id":53009},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,53012,53013],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1752,53015,53017],{"id":53016},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,53019,53020],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1752,53022,53024],{"id":53023},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,53026,53027],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1752,53029,53031],{"id":53030},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,53033,53034,53035,53037,53038,352,53040,53042,53043,134],{},"No. Using ",[15,53036,42904],{}," on an ",[15,53039,2972],{},[15,53041,2976],{}," raises a ",[15,53044,3787],{},[1752,53046,53048],{"id":53047},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,53050,8532,53051,134],{},[15,53052,53053],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,53055,226],{},[39,53057,53059],{"className":41,"code":53058,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,53060,53061,53069,53073,53091],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53062,53063,53065,53067],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53064,9075],{"class":54},[48,53066,59],{"class":58},[48,53068,8607],{"class":62},[48,53070,53071],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,53072,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,53074,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087,53089],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,53076,7767],{"class":116},[48,53078,38927],{"class":147},[48,53080,151],{"class":62},[48,53082,9106],{"class":137},[48,53084,4442],{"class":62},[48,53086,7181],{"class":58},[48,53088,4616],{"class":99},[48,53090,1053],{"class":62},[48,53092,53093,53095,53097,53099,53102,53104],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,53094,148],{"class":147},[48,53096,151],{"class":62},[48,53098,67],{"class":66},[48,53100,53101],{"class":70},"Empty list",[48,53103,67],{"class":66},[48,53105,162],{"class":62},[20,53107,53108,53109,53111,53112,53114,53115,53117],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,53110,4456],{}," in an ",[15,53113,7767],{}," statement, but ",[15,53116,42904],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[34,53119,2679],{"id":2678},[209,53121,53122,53126,53130,53134,53139,53143,53149],{},[212,53123,53124],{},[348,53125,51523],{"href":51522},[212,53127,53128],{},[348,53129,51527],{"href":51526},[212,53131,53132],{},[348,53133,351],{"href":9922},[212,53135,53136],{},[348,53137,53138],{"href":52093},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[212,53140,53141],{},[348,53142,9209],{"href":3082},[212,53144,53145],{},[348,53146,53148],{"href":53147},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[212,53150,53151],{},[348,53152,53153],{"href":52684},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2711,53155,53156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":53158},[53159,53160,53161,53162,53163,53164,53165,53171,53172,53173,53174,53181],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":51325,"depth":106,"text":51326},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":51670,"depth":106,"text":51671},{"id":51857,"depth":106,"text":51858},{"id":52097,"depth":106,"text":52098},{"id":41587,"depth":106,"text":41588,"children":53166},[53167,53168,53169,53170],{"id":52316,"depth":113,"text":52317},{"id":52370,"depth":113,"text":52371},{"id":52421,"depth":113,"text":52422},{"id":52502,"depth":113,"text":52503},{"id":52574,"depth":106,"text":52575},{"id":52688,"depth":106,"text":52689},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":53175},[53176,53177,53178,53179,53180],{"id":53009,"depth":113,"text":53010},{"id":53016,"depth":113,"text":53017},{"id":53023,"depth":113,"text":53024},{"id":53030,"depth":113,"text":53031},{"id":53047,"depth":113,"text":53048},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51208,"description":53182},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53189,"title":53190,"body":53191,"description":54876,"extension":2749,"meta":54877,"navigation":109,"path":54878,"seo":54879,"stem":54880,"__hash__":54881},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53192,"toc":54849},[53193,53196,53210,53216,53218,53272,53277,53281,53297,53300,53314,53320,53322,53325,53344,53360,53362,53438,53440,53477,53488,53490,53493,53554,53556,53589,53592,53598,53602,53605,53730,53732,53791,53799,53852,53854,53881,53887,53897,53901,53904,53909,53961,53963,53989,53995,54049,54051,54076,54079,54103,54109,54111,54115,54117,54174,54176,54184,54186,54208,54210,54263,54265,54289,54293,54295,54334,54336,54344,54350,54354,54406,54408,54434,54442,54446,54451,54460,54462,54528,54530,54562,54566,54571,54573,54587,54590,54663,54665,54691,54693,54697,54704,54708,54715,54719,54722,54724,54777,54779,54805,54809,54818,54820,54846],[10,53194,53190],{"id":53195},"python-list-append-method",[20,53197,22,53198,53201,53202,53205,53206,53209],{},[15,53199,53200],{},"append()"," method adds ",[166,53203,53204],{},"one item"," to the ",[166,53207,53208],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,53211,53212,53213,53215],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[166,53214,5413],{}," create a new list.",[34,53217,4390],{"id":4389},[39,53219,53221],{"className":41,"code":53220,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53222,53223,53243,53257,53267],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53224,53225,53227,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53226,2232],{"class":54},[48,53228,59],{"class":58},[48,53230,4404],{"class":62},[48,53232,3770],{"class":99},[48,53234,87],{"class":62},[48,53236,632],{"class":99},[48,53238,87],{"class":62},[48,53240,800],{"class":99},[48,53242,1465],{"class":62},[48,53244,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,53246,2411],{"class":54},[48,53248,134],{"class":62},[48,53250,14287],{"class":137},[48,53252,151],{"class":62},[48,53254,3288],{"class":99},[48,53256,162],{"class":62},[48,53258,53259,53261,53263,53265],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,53260,276],{"class":147},[48,53262,151],{"class":62},[48,53264,2411],{"class":137},[48,53266,162],{"class":62},[48,53268,53269],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,53270,53271],{"class":4445},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53273,189,53274,53276],{},[15,53275,53200],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[34,53278,53280],{"id":53279},"what-append-does","What append() does",[209,53282,53283,53288,53291,53294],{},[212,53284,53285,53287],{},[15,53286,53200],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[212,53289,53290],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[212,53292,53293],{},"It does not create a new list",[212,53295,53296],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53298,53299],{},"This means you can append:",[209,53301,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312],{},[212,53303,2411],{},[212,53305,6087],{},[212,53307,41136],{},[212,53309,6078],{},[212,53311,8020],{},[212,53313,35198],{},[20,53315,53316,53317,134],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[348,53318,53319],{"href":51526},"Python lists explained for beginners",[34,53321,6209],{"id":6208},[20,53323,53324],{},"Basic form:",[39,53326,53328],{"className":41,"code":53327,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53329,53330],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53331,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340,53342],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53333,9106],{"class":54},[48,53335,134],{"class":62},[48,53337,14287],{"class":137},[48,53339,151],{"class":62},[48,53341,1967],{"class":137},[48,53343,162],{"class":62},[209,53345,53346,53351,53356],{},[212,53347,53348,53350],{},[15,53349,9106],{}," is the list you want to change",[212,53352,53353,53355],{},[15,53354,1967],{}," is the value or object to add",[212,53357,12656,53358],{},[15,53359,4560],{},[20,53361,226],{},[39,53363,53365],{"className":41,"code":53364,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53366,53367,53391,53414,53418,53428],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53368,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53370,36778],{"class":54},[48,53372,59],{"class":58},[48,53374,4404],{"class":62},[48,53376,67],{"class":66},[48,53378,1128],{"class":70},[48,53380,67],{"class":66},[48,53382,87],{"class":62},[48,53384,79],{"class":66},[48,53386,1146],{"class":70},[48,53388,67],{"class":66},[48,53390,1465],{"class":62},[48,53392,53393,53395,53397,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,53394,449],{"class":54},[48,53396,59],{"class":58},[48,53398,53399],{"class":54}," fruits",[48,53401,134],{"class":62},[48,53403,14287],{"class":137},[48,53405,151],{"class":62},[48,53407,67],{"class":66},[48,53409,33756],{"class":70},[48,53411,67],{"class":66},[48,53413,162],{"class":62},[48,53415,53416],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,53417,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,53419,53420,53422,53424,53426],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,53421,276],{"class":147},[48,53423,151],{"class":62},[48,53425,36830],{"class":137},[48,53427,162],{"class":62},[48,53429,53430,53432,53434,53436],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,53431,276],{"class":147},[48,53433,151],{"class":62},[48,53435,474],{"class":137},[48,53437,162],{"class":62},[20,53439,168],{},[39,53441,53443],{"className":41,"code":53442,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53444,53445,53473],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53446,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53448,682],{"class":62},[48,53450,311],{"class":66},[48,53452,1128],{"class":70},[48,53454,311],{"class":66},[48,53456,87],{"class":62},[48,53458,320],{"class":66},[48,53460,1146],{"class":70},[48,53462,311],{"class":66},[48,53464,87],{"class":62},[48,53466,320],{"class":66},[48,53468,33756],{"class":70},[48,53470,311],{"class":66},[48,53472,1465],{"class":62},[48,53474,53475],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,53476,12553],{"class":1642},[20,53478,53479,53480,53482,53483,53485,53486,134],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53481,53200],{}," updates ",[15,53484,36830],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53487,4560],{},[34,53489,12225],{"id":12224},[20,53491,53492],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[39,53494,53496],{"className":41,"code":53495,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53497,53498,53522,53540,53544],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53499,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53501,1119],{"class":54},[48,53503,59],{"class":58},[48,53505,4404],{"class":62},[48,53507,67],{"class":66},[48,53509,1137],{"class":70},[48,53511,67],{"class":66},[48,53513,87],{"class":62},[48,53515,79],{"class":66},[48,53517,13848],{"class":70},[48,53519,67],{"class":66},[48,53521,1465],{"class":62},[48,53523,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,53525,1196],{"class":54},[48,53527,134],{"class":62},[48,53529,14287],{"class":137},[48,53531,151],{"class":62},[48,53533,67],{"class":66},[48,53535,18179],{"class":70},[48,53537,67],{"class":66},[48,53539,162],{"class":62},[48,53541,53542],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,53543,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,53545,53546,53548,53550,53552],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,53547,276],{"class":147},[48,53549,151],{"class":62},[48,53551,1196],{"class":137},[48,53553,162],{"class":62},[20,53555,168],{},[39,53557,53559],{"className":41,"code":53558,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53560,53561],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53562,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53564,682],{"class":62},[48,53566,311],{"class":66},[48,53568,1137],{"class":70},[48,53570,311],{"class":66},[48,53572,87],{"class":62},[48,53574,320],{"class":66},[48,53576,13848],{"class":70},[48,53578,311],{"class":66},[48,53580,87],{"class":62},[48,53582,320],{"class":66},[48,53584,18179],{"class":70},[48,53586,311],{"class":66},[48,53588,1465],{"class":62},[20,53590,53591],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53593,31617,53594,134],{},[348,53595,53597],{"href":53596},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[34,53599,53601],{"id":53600},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53603,53604],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[39,53606,53608],{"className":41,"code":53607,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53609,53610,53618,53622,53636,53654,53668,53694,53716,53720],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53611,53612,53614,53616],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53613,8549],{"class":54},[48,53615,59],{"class":58},[48,53617,8607],{"class":62},[48,53619,53620],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,53621,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,53625,138],{"class":54},[48,53627,134],{"class":62},[48,53629,14287],{"class":137},[48,53631,151],{"class":62},[48,53633,3114],{"class":99},[48,53635,162],{"class":62},[48,53637,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,53639,138],{"class":54},[48,53641,134],{"class":62},[48,53643,14287],{"class":137},[48,53645,151],{"class":62},[48,53647,67],{"class":66},[48,53649,4628],{"class":70},[48,53651,67],{"class":66},[48,53653,162],{"class":62},[48,53655,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,53657,138],{"class":54},[48,53659,134],{"class":62},[48,53661,14287],{"class":137},[48,53663,151],{"class":62},[48,53665,4385],{"class":1642},[48,53667,162],{"class":62},[48,53669,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690,53692],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,53671,138],{"class":54},[48,53673,134],{"class":62},[48,53675,14287],{"class":137},[48,53677,6306],{"class":62},[48,53679,67],{"class":66},[48,53681,71],{"class":70},[48,53683,67],{"class":66},[48,53685,76],{"class":62},[48,53687,79],{"class":66},[48,53689,8446],{"class":70},[48,53691,67],{"class":66},[48,53693,31030],{"class":62},[48,53695,53696,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712,53714],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,53697,138],{"class":54},[48,53699,134],{"class":62},[48,53701,14287],{"class":137},[48,53703,3767],{"class":62},[48,53705,3770],{"class":99},[48,53707,87],{"class":62},[48,53709,632],{"class":99},[48,53711,87],{"class":62},[48,53713,800],{"class":99},[48,53715,4670],{"class":62},[48,53717,53718],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,53719,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,53721,53722,53724,53726,53728],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,53723,276],{"class":147},[48,53725,151],{"class":62},[48,53727,138],{"class":137},[48,53729,162],{"class":62},[20,53731,168],{},[39,53733,53735],{"className":41,"code":53734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53736,53737],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53738,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769,53771,53773,53776,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53740,682],{"class":62},[48,53742,3114],{"class":99},[48,53744,87],{"class":62},[48,53746,320],{"class":66},[48,53748,4628],{"class":70},[48,53750,311],{"class":66},[48,53752,87],{"class":62},[48,53754,4697],{"class":1642},[48,53756,87],{"class":62},[48,53758,63],{"class":62},[48,53760,311],{"class":66},[48,53762,71],{"class":70},[48,53764,311],{"class":66},[48,53766,76],{"class":62},[48,53768,320],{"class":66},[48,53770,8446],{"class":70},[48,53772,311],{"class":66},[48,53774,53775],{"class":62},"},",[48,53777,4404],{"class":62},[48,53779,3770],{"class":99},[48,53781,87],{"class":62},[48,53783,632],{"class":99},[48,53785,87],{"class":62},[48,53787,800],{"class":99},[48,53789,53790],{"class":62},"]]\n",[20,53792,53793,53794,42698,53796,134],{},"A list added with ",[15,53795,53200],{},[166,53797,53798],{},"one single item",[39,53800,53802],{"className":41,"code":53801,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53803,53804,53820,53838,53842],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53805,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53807,2232],{"class":54},[48,53809,59],{"class":58},[48,53811,4404],{"class":62},[48,53813,3770],{"class":99},[48,53815,87],{"class":62},[48,53817,632],{"class":99},[48,53819,1465],{"class":62},[48,53821,53822,53824,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834,53836],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,53823,2411],{"class":54},[48,53825,134],{"class":62},[48,53827,14287],{"class":137},[48,53829,3767],{"class":62},[48,53831,2848],{"class":99},[48,53833,87],{"class":62},[48,53835,3241],{"class":99},[48,53837,4670],{"class":62},[48,53839,53840],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,53841,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,53843,53844,53846,53848,53850],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,53845,276],{"class":147},[48,53847,151],{"class":62},[48,53849,2411],{"class":137},[48,53851,162],{"class":62},[20,53853,168],{},[39,53855,53857],{"className":41,"code":53856,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53858,53859],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53860,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53862,682],{"class":62},[48,53864,3770],{"class":99},[48,53866,87],{"class":62},[48,53868,632],{"class":99},[48,53870,87],{"class":62},[48,53872,4404],{"class":62},[48,53874,2848],{"class":99},[48,53876,87],{"class":62},[48,53878,3241],{"class":99},[48,53880,53790],{"class":62},[20,53882,3069,53883,53886],{},[15,53884,53885],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53888,53889,53890,53896],{},"This is different from ",[348,53891,53893],{"href":53892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53894,53895],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[34,53898,53900],{"id":53899},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53902,53903],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1752,53905,9185,53907],{"id":53906},"using-append",[15,53908,53200],{},[39,53910,53911],{"className":41,"code":53801,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53912,53913,53929,53947,53951],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53914,53915,53917,53919,53921,53923,53925,53927],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53916,2232],{"class":54},[48,53918,59],{"class":58},[48,53920,4404],{"class":62},[48,53922,3770],{"class":99},[48,53924,87],{"class":62},[48,53926,632],{"class":99},[48,53928,1465],{"class":62},[48,53930,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,53932,2411],{"class":54},[48,53934,134],{"class":62},[48,53936,14287],{"class":137},[48,53938,3767],{"class":62},[48,53940,2848],{"class":99},[48,53942,87],{"class":62},[48,53944,3241],{"class":99},[48,53946,4670],{"class":62},[48,53948,53949],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,53950,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,53952,53953,53955,53957,53959],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,53954,276],{"class":147},[48,53956,151],{"class":62},[48,53958,2411],{"class":137},[48,53960,162],{"class":62},[20,53962,168],{},[39,53964,53965],{"className":41,"code":53856,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53966,53967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53968,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53970,682],{"class":62},[48,53972,3770],{"class":99},[48,53974,87],{"class":62},[48,53976,632],{"class":99},[48,53978,87],{"class":62},[48,53980,4404],{"class":62},[48,53982,2848],{"class":99},[48,53984,87],{"class":62},[48,53986,3241],{"class":99},[48,53988,53790],{"class":62},[1752,53990,9185,53992],{"id":53991},"using-extend",[15,53993,53994],{},"extend()",[39,53996,53998],{"className":41,"code":53997,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53999,54000,54016,54035,54039],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54001,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54003,2232],{"class":54},[48,54005,59],{"class":58},[48,54007,4404],{"class":62},[48,54009,3770],{"class":99},[48,54011,87],{"class":62},[48,54013,632],{"class":99},[48,54015,1465],{"class":62},[48,54017,54018,54020,54022,54025,54027,54029,54031,54033],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54019,2411],{"class":54},[48,54021,134],{"class":62},[48,54023,54024],{"class":137},"extend",[48,54026,3767],{"class":62},[48,54028,2848],{"class":99},[48,54030,87],{"class":62},[48,54032,3241],{"class":99},[48,54034,4670],{"class":62},[48,54036,54037],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,54038,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,54040,54041,54043,54045,54047],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,54042,276],{"class":147},[48,54044,151],{"class":62},[48,54046,2411],{"class":137},[48,54048,162],{"class":62},[20,54050,168],{},[39,54052,54054],{"className":41,"code":54053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54055,54056],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54057,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066,54068,54070,54072,54074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54059,682],{"class":62},[48,54061,3770],{"class":99},[48,54063,87],{"class":62},[48,54065,632],{"class":99},[48,54067,87],{"class":62},[48,54069,800],{"class":99},[48,54071,87],{"class":62},[48,54073,3241],{"class":99},[48,54075,1465],{"class":62},[20,54077,54078],{},"The difference:",[209,54080,54081,54087,54093,54098],{},[212,54082,54083,54086],{},[15,54084,54085],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[212,54088,54089,54092],{},[15,54090,54091],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[212,54094,189,54095,54097],{},[15,54096,53200],{}," for one item",[212,54099,189,54100,54102],{},[15,54101,53994],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,54104,54105,54106,134],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[348,54107,54108],{"href":53892},"Python list extend() method",[34,54110,5300],{"id":5299},[1752,54112,54114],{"id":54113},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,54116,26222],{},[39,54118,54120],{"className":41,"code":54119,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54121,54122,54142,54160,54164],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54123,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54125,8549],{"class":54},[48,54127,59],{"class":58},[48,54129,4404],{"class":62},[48,54131,3770],{"class":99},[48,54133,87],{"class":62},[48,54135,632],{"class":99},[48,54137,87],{"class":62},[48,54139,800],{"class":99},[48,54141,1465],{"class":62},[48,54143,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54145,8549],{"class":54},[48,54147,59],{"class":58},[48,54149,6741],{"class":54},[48,54151,134],{"class":62},[48,54153,14287],{"class":137},[48,54155,151],{"class":62},[48,54157,3288],{"class":99},[48,54159,162],{"class":62},[48,54161,54162],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,54163,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,54165,54166,54168,54170,54172],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,54167,276],{"class":147},[48,54169,151],{"class":62},[48,54171,138],{"class":137},[48,54173,162],{"class":62},[20,54175,168],{},[39,54177,54178],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54179,54180],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54181,54182],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54183,12553],{"class":1642},[20,54185,12645],{},[209,54187,54188,54193,54199],{},[212,54189,54190,54192],{},[15,54191,53200],{}," changes the list in place",[212,54194,54195,3181,54197],{},[15,54196,53200],{},[15,54198,4560],{},[212,54200,54201,54202,54205,54206],{},"So ",[15,54203,54204],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,54207,4560],{},[20,54209,11559],{},[39,54211,54213],{"className":41,"code":54212,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54214,54215,54235,54249,54253],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54216,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231,54233],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54218,8549],{"class":54},[48,54220,59],{"class":58},[48,54222,4404],{"class":62},[48,54224,3770],{"class":99},[48,54226,87],{"class":62},[48,54228,632],{"class":99},[48,54230,87],{"class":62},[48,54232,800],{"class":99},[48,54234,1465],{"class":62},[48,54236,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54238,138],{"class":54},[48,54240,134],{"class":62},[48,54242,14287],{"class":137},[48,54244,151],{"class":62},[48,54246,3288],{"class":99},[48,54248,162],{"class":62},[48,54250,54251],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,54252,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,54254,54255,54257,54259,54261],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,54256,276],{"class":147},[48,54258,151],{"class":62},[48,54260,138],{"class":137},[48,54262,162],{"class":62},[20,54264,168],{},[39,54266,54267],{"className":41,"code":54053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54268,54269],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54270,54271,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54272,682],{"class":62},[48,54274,3770],{"class":99},[48,54276,87],{"class":62},[48,54278,632],{"class":99},[48,54280,87],{"class":62},[48,54282,800],{"class":99},[48,54284,87],{"class":62},[48,54286,3241],{"class":99},[48,54288,1465],{"class":62},[1752,54290,54292],{"id":54291},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54294,19634],{},[39,54296,54298],{"className":41,"code":54297,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54299,54300,54324],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54301,54302,54304,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54303,32417],{"class":54},[48,54305,59],{"class":58},[48,54307,4404],{"class":62},[48,54309,3770],{"class":99},[48,54311,87],{"class":62},[48,54313,632],{"class":99},[48,54315,14284],{"class":62},[48,54317,14287],{"class":137},[48,54319,151],{"class":62},[48,54321,2848],{"class":99},[48,54323,162],{"class":62},[48,54325,54326,54328,54330,54332],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54327,276],{"class":147},[48,54329,151],{"class":62},[48,54331,32436],{"class":137},[48,54333,162],{"class":62},[20,54335,168],{},[39,54337,54338],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54339,54340],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54341,54342],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54343,12553],{"class":1642},[20,54345,54346,54347,54349],{},"Remember: ",[15,54348,53200],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1752,54351,54353],{"id":54352},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[39,54355,54356],{"className":41,"code":53801,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54357,54358,54374,54392,54396],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54359,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368,54370,54372],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54361,2232],{"class":54},[48,54363,59],{"class":58},[48,54365,4404],{"class":62},[48,54367,3770],{"class":99},[48,54369,87],{"class":62},[48,54371,632],{"class":99},[48,54373,1465],{"class":62},[48,54375,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54377,2411],{"class":54},[48,54379,134],{"class":62},[48,54381,14287],{"class":137},[48,54383,3767],{"class":62},[48,54385,2848],{"class":99},[48,54387,87],{"class":62},[48,54389,3241],{"class":99},[48,54391,4670],{"class":62},[48,54393,54394],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,54395,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,54397,54398,54400,54402,54404],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,54399,276],{"class":147},[48,54401,151],{"class":62},[48,54403,2411],{"class":137},[48,54405,162],{"class":62},[20,54407,168],{},[39,54409,54410],{"className":41,"code":53856,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54411,54412],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54413,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54415,682],{"class":62},[48,54417,3770],{"class":99},[48,54419,87],{"class":62},[48,54421,632],{"class":99},[48,54423,87],{"class":62},[48,54425,4404],{"class":62},[48,54427,2848],{"class":99},[48,54429,87],{"class":62},[48,54431,3241],{"class":99},[48,54433,53790],{"class":62},[20,54435,3952,54436,54439,54440,7401],{},[15,54437,54438],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54441,53994],{},[1752,54443,54445],{"id":54444},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54447,54448,54450],{},[15,54449,53200],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54452,54453,54454,134],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[348,54455,54457],{"href":54456},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54458,54459],{},"list.insert()",[20,54461,226],{},[39,54463,54465],{"className":41,"code":54464,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54466,54467,54491,54514,54518],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54468,54469,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483,54485,54487,54489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54470,36629],{"class":54},[48,54472,59],{"class":58},[48,54474,4404],{"class":62},[48,54476,67],{"class":66},[48,54478,348],{"class":70},[48,54480,67],{"class":66},[48,54482,87],{"class":62},[48,54484,79],{"class":66},[48,54486,2265],{"class":70},[48,54488,67],{"class":66},[48,54490,1465],{"class":62},[48,54492,54493,54495,54497,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54494,36682],{"class":54},[48,54496,134],{"class":62},[48,54498,54499],{"class":137},"insert",[48,54501,151],{"class":62},[48,54503,3770],{"class":99},[48,54505,87],{"class":62},[48,54507,79],{"class":66},[48,54509,2059],{"class":70},[48,54511,67],{"class":66},[48,54513,162],{"class":62},[48,54515,54516],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,54517,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,54519,54520,54522,54524,54526],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,54521,276],{"class":147},[48,54523,151],{"class":62},[48,54525,36682],{"class":137},[48,54527,162],{"class":62},[20,54529,168],{},[39,54531,54532],{"className":41,"code":43419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54533,54534],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54535,54536,54538,54540,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54537,682],{"class":62},[48,54539,311],{"class":66},[48,54541,348],{"class":70},[48,54543,311],{"class":66},[48,54545,87],{"class":62},[48,54547,320],{"class":66},[48,54549,2059],{"class":70},[48,54551,311],{"class":66},[48,54553,87],{"class":62},[48,54555,320],{"class":66},[48,54557,2265],{"class":70},[48,54559,311],{"class":66},[48,54561,1465],{"class":62},[34,54563,54565],{"id":54564},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54567,54568,54570],{},[15,54569,53200],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54572,36965],{},[209,54574,54575,54578,54581,54584],{},[212,54576,54577],{},"building a list in a loop",[212,54579,54580],{},"collecting user input",[212,54582,54583],{},"storing results step by step",[212,54585,54586],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54588,54589],{},"Example with a loop:",[39,54591,54593],{"className":41,"code":54592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54594,54595,54604,54608,54629,54648,54652],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54596,54597,54600,54602],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54598,54599],{"class":54},"squares ",[48,54601,59],{"class":58},[48,54603,8607],{"class":62},[48,54605,54606],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54607,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,54609,54610,54612,54614,54616,54619,54621,54623,54625,54627],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,54611,117],{"class":116},[48,54613,7161],{"class":54},[48,54615,128],{"class":116},[48,54617,54618],{"class":147}," range",[48,54620,151],{"class":62},[48,54622,3770],{"class":99},[48,54624,87],{"class":62},[48,54626,5387],{"class":99},[48,54628,9109],{"class":62},[48,54630,54631,54634,54636,54638,54640,54642,54644,54646],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,54632,54633],{"class":54},"    squares",[48,54635,134],{"class":62},[48,54637,14287],{"class":137},[48,54639,151],{"class":62},[48,54641,3001],{"class":137},[48,54643,40414],{"class":58},[48,54645,2981],{"class":137},[48,54647,162],{"class":62},[48,54649,54650],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,54651,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,54653,54654,54656,54658,54661],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,54655,276],{"class":147},[48,54657,151],{"class":62},[48,54659,54660],{"class":137},"squares",[48,54662,162],{"class":62},[20,54664,168],{},[39,54666,54668],{"className":41,"code":54667,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54669,54670],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54671,54672,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682,54685,54687,54689],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54673,682],{"class":62},[48,54675,3770],{"class":99},[48,54677,87],{"class":62},[48,54679,3241],{"class":99},[48,54681,87],{"class":62},[48,54683,54684],{"class":99}," 9",[48,54686,87],{"class":62},[48,54688,14718],{"class":99},[48,54690,1465],{"class":62},[34,54692,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,54694,54696],{"id":54695},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54698,46910,54699,54701,54702,134],{},[15,54700,53200],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54703,4560],{},[1752,54705,54707],{"id":54706},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54709,54710,54711,134],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[348,54712,54713],{"href":53892},[15,54714,53994],{},[1752,54716,54718],{"id":54717},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54720,54721],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54723,226],{},[39,54725,54727],{"className":41,"code":54726,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54728,54729,54745,54763,54767],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54730,54731,54733,54735,54737,54739,54741,54743],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54732,602],{"class":54},[48,54734,59],{"class":58},[48,54736,4404],{"class":62},[48,54738,3770],{"class":99},[48,54740,87],{"class":62},[48,54742,632],{"class":99},[48,54744,1465],{"class":62},[48,54746,54747,54749,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759,54761],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54748,679],{"class":54},[48,54750,134],{"class":62},[48,54752,14287],{"class":137},[48,54754,3767],{"class":62},[48,54756,2848],{"class":99},[48,54758,87],{"class":62},[48,54760,3241],{"class":99},[48,54762,4670],{"class":62},[48,54764,54765],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,54766,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,54768,54769,54771,54773,54775],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,54770,276],{"class":147},[48,54772,151],{"class":62},[48,54774,679],{"class":137},[48,54776,162],{"class":62},[20,54778,168],{},[39,54780,54781],{"className":41,"code":53856,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54782,54783],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54784,54785,54787,54789,54791,54793,54795,54797,54799,54801,54803],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54786,682],{"class":62},[48,54788,3770],{"class":99},[48,54790,87],{"class":62},[48,54792,632],{"class":99},[48,54794,87],{"class":62},[48,54796,4404],{"class":62},[48,54798,2848],{"class":99},[48,54800,87],{"class":62},[48,54802,3241],{"class":99},[48,54804,53790],{"class":62},[1752,54806,54808],{"id":54807},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54810,54811,54813,54814,54817],{},[15,54812,53200],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54815,54816],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[34,54819,2679],{"id":2678},[209,54821,54822,54827,54831,54836,54840],{},[212,54823,54824],{},[348,54825,54826],{"href":53596},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[212,54828,54829],{},[348,54830,54108],{"href":53892},[212,54832,54833],{},[348,54834,54835],{"href":54456},"Python list insert() method",[212,54837,54838],{},[348,54839,53319],{"href":51526},[212,54841,54842],{},[348,54843,54845],{"href":54844},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2711,54847,54848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":54850},[54851,54852,54853,54854,54855,54856,54862,54868,54869,54875],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":53279,"depth":106,"text":53280},{"id":6208,"depth":106,"text":6209},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":53600,"depth":106,"text":53601},{"id":53899,"depth":106,"text":53900,"children":54857},[54858,54860],{"id":53906,"depth":113,"text":54859},"Using append()",{"id":53991,"depth":113,"text":54861},"Using extend()",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":54863},[54864,54865,54866,54867],{"id":54113,"depth":113,"text":54114},{"id":54291,"depth":113,"text":54292},{"id":54352,"depth":113,"text":54353},{"id":54444,"depth":113,"text":54445},{"id":54564,"depth":106,"text":54565},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":54870},[54871,54872,54873,54874],{"id":54695,"depth":113,"text":54696},{"id":54706,"depth":113,"text":54707},{"id":54717,"depth":113,"text":54718},{"id":54807,"depth":113,"text":54808},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53190,"description":54876},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54883,"title":54884,"body":54885,"description":56129,"extension":2749,"meta":56130,"navigation":109,"path":56131,"seo":56132,"stem":56133,"__hash__":56134},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54886,"toc":56094},[54887,54893,54899,54905,54907,54955,54960,54965,54969,54985,54991,54993,54996,55011,55013,55024,55026,55028,55085,55087,55095,55097,55113,55119,55121,55127,55131,55215,55218,55267,55274,55282,55285,55299,55312,55318,55393,55400,55407,55481,55489,55492,55503,55512,55516,55520,55531,55533,55610,55631,55633,55643,55646,55694,55696,55717,55720,55722,55773,55779,55786,55853,55859,55865,55868,55895,55900,55906,55909,55981,55984,55995,56001,56003,56009,56012,56018,56024,56031,56039,56045,56051,56053,56091],[10,54888,54890,54891,18],{"id":54889},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54892,12073],{},[20,54894,54895,54898],{},[15,54896,54897],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54900,54901,54902,54904],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[166,54903,12085],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[34,54906,4390],{"id":4389},[39,54908,54910],{"className":41,"code":54909,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54911,54912,54932,54942],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54913,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54915,8549],{"class":54},[48,54917,59],{"class":58},[48,54919,4404],{"class":62},[48,54921,3770],{"class":99},[48,54923,87],{"class":62},[48,54925,632],{"class":99},[48,54927,87],{"class":62},[48,54929,800],{"class":99},[48,54931,1465],{"class":62},[48,54933,54934,54936,54938,54940],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,54935,138],{"class":54},[48,54937,134],{"class":62},[48,54939,12134],{"class":137},[48,54941,380],{"class":62},[48,54943,54944,54946,54948,54950,54952],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,54945,276],{"class":147},[48,54947,151],{"class":62},[48,54949,138],{"class":137},[48,54951,4442],{"class":62},[48,54953,54954],{"class":4445},"  # []\n",[20,54956,189,54957,54959],{},[15,54958,12073],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[34,54961,196,54963,199],{"id":54962},"what-listclear-does",[15,54964,54897],{},[20,54966,54967,76],{},[15,54968,54897],{},[209,54970,54971,54974,54977,54982],{},[212,54972,54973],{},"Removes every item from a list",[212,54975,54976],{},"Changes the original list in place",[212,54978,54979,54980],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54981,4569],{},[212,54983,54984],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54986,54987,54988,54990],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54989,12073],{},", but it contains no values.",[34,54992,360],{"id":359},[20,54994,54995],{},"Syntax:",[39,54997,54999],{"className":41,"code":54998,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,55000,55001],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55002,55003,55005,55007,55009],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55004,9106],{"class":54},[48,55006,134],{"class":62},[48,55008,12134],{"class":137},[48,55010,380],{"class":62},[20,55012,207],{},[209,55014,55015,55018,55021],{},[212,55016,55017],{},"Call it on a list object",[212,55019,55020],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[212,55022,55023],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[34,55025,12225],{"id":12224},[20,55027,12228],{},[39,55029,55031],{"className":41,"code":55030,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,55032,55033,55057,55061,55071,55075],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55034,55035,55037,55039,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049,55051,55053,55055],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55036,2232],{"class":54},[48,55038,59],{"class":58},[48,55040,4404],{"class":62},[48,55042,3114],{"class":99},[48,55044,87],{"class":62},[48,55046,2506],{"class":99},[48,55048,87],{"class":62},[48,55050,8564],{"class":99},[48,55052,87],{"class":62},[48,55054,51390],{"class":99},[48,55056,1465],{"class":62},[48,55058,55059],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55060,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55062,55063,55065,55067,55069],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55064,2411],{"class":54},[48,55066,134],{"class":62},[48,55068,12134],{"class":137},[48,55070,380],{"class":62},[48,55072,55073],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55074,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55076,55077,55079,55081,55083],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,55078,276],{"class":147},[48,55080,151],{"class":62},[48,55082,2411],{"class":137},[48,55084,162],{"class":62},[20,55086,168],{},[39,55088,55089],{"className":41,"code":38838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,55090,55091],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55092,55093],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55094,38838],{"class":62},[20,55096,12431],{},[209,55098,55099,55104,55110],{},[212,55100,55101,55103],{},[15,55102,2411],{}," starts with four items",[212,55105,55106,55109],{},[15,55107,55108],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[212,55111,55112],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,55114,55115,55116,134],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[348,55117,53319],{"href":55118},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[34,55120,18143],{"id":18142},[20,55122,55123,3181,55125,134],{},[15,55124,12073],{},[15,55126,4560],{},[20,55128,41448,55129,53215],{},[166,55130,5413],{},[39,55132,55134],{"className":41,"code":55133,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,55135,55136,55168,55172,55186,55190,55203],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55137,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154,55156,55158,55160,55162,55164,55166],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55139,8549],{"class":54},[48,55141,59],{"class":58},[48,55143,4404],{"class":62},[48,55145,67],{"class":66},[48,55147,348],{"class":70},[48,55149,67],{"class":66},[48,55151,87],{"class":62},[48,55153,79],{"class":66},[48,55155,2059],{"class":70},[48,55157,67],{"class":66},[48,55159,87],{"class":62},[48,55161,79],{"class":66},[48,55163,2265],{"class":70},[48,55165,67],{"class":66},[48,55167,1465],{"class":62},[48,55169,55170],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55171,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55173,55174,55176,55178,55180,55182,55184],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55175,449],{"class":54},[48,55177,59],{"class":58},[48,55179,6741],{"class":54},[48,55181,134],{"class":62},[48,55183,12134],{"class":137},[48,55185,380],{"class":62},[48,55187,55188],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55189,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55191,55192,55194,55196,55198,55200],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,55193,276],{"class":147},[48,55195,151],{"class":62},[48,55197,138],{"class":137},[48,55199,4442],{"class":62},[48,55201,55202],{"class":4445},"   # []\n",[48,55204,55205,55207,55209,55211,55213],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,55206,276],{"class":147},[48,55208,151],{"class":62},[48,55210,474],{"class":137},[48,55212,4442],{"class":62},[48,55214,21594],{"class":4445},[20,55216,55217],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[39,55219,55221],{"className":41,"code":55220,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55222,55223,55243,55257],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55224,55225,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237,55239,55241],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55226,8549],{"class":54},[48,55228,59],{"class":58},[48,55230,4404],{"class":62},[48,55232,3770],{"class":99},[48,55234,87],{"class":62},[48,55236,632],{"class":99},[48,55238,87],{"class":62},[48,55240,800],{"class":99},[48,55242,1465],{"class":62},[48,55244,55245,55247,55249,55251,55253,55255],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55246,8549],{"class":54},[48,55248,59],{"class":58},[48,55250,6741],{"class":54},[48,55252,134],{"class":62},[48,55254,12134],{"class":137},[48,55256,380],{"class":62},[48,55258,55259,55261,55263,55265],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55260,276],{"class":147},[48,55262,151],{"class":62},[48,55264,138],{"class":137},[48,55266,162],{"class":62},[20,55268,12661,55269,42698,55271,55273],{},[15,55270,138],{},[15,55272,4560],{},", not an empty list.",[34,55275,55277,55279,55280],{"id":55276},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55278,12073],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55281,4569],{},[20,55283,55284],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[39,55286,55287],{"className":41,"code":54998,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,55288,55289],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55290,55291,55293,55295,55297],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55292,9106],{"class":54},[48,55294,134],{"class":62},[48,55296,12134],{"class":137},[48,55298,380],{"class":62},[39,55300,55302],{"className":41,"code":55301,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = []\n",[15,55303,55304],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55305,55306,55308,55310],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55307,9075],{"class":54},[48,55309,59],{"class":58},[48,55311,8607],{"class":62},[1752,55313,55315,55317],{"id":55314},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55316,12073],{}," empties the same list object",[39,55319,55321],{"className":41,"code":55320,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55322,55323,55343,55351,55355,55365,55369,55381],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55324,55325,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339,55341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55326,3338],{"class":54},[48,55328,59],{"class":58},[48,55330,4404],{"class":62},[48,55332,3770],{"class":99},[48,55334,87],{"class":62},[48,55336,632],{"class":99},[48,55338,87],{"class":62},[48,55340,800],{"class":99},[48,55342,1465],{"class":62},[48,55344,55345,55347,55349],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55346,3365],{"class":54},[48,55348,59],{"class":58},[48,55350,36714],{"class":54},[48,55352,55353],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55354,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55356,55357,55359,55361,55363],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55358,348],{"class":54},[48,55360,134],{"class":62},[48,55362,12134],{"class":137},[48,55364,380],{"class":62},[48,55366,55367],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,55368,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55370,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,55372,276],{"class":147},[48,55374,151],{"class":62},[48,55376,348],{"class":137},[48,55378,4442],{"class":62},[48,55380,54954],{"class":4445},[48,55382,55383,55385,55387,55389,55391],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,55384,276],{"class":147},[48,55386,151],{"class":62},[48,55388,2059],{"class":137},[48,55390,4442],{"class":62},[48,55392,54954],{"class":4445},[20,55394,11344,55395,5174,55397,55399],{},[15,55396,348],{},[15,55398,2059],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1752,55401,55403,55406],{"id":55402},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55404,55405],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[39,55408,55410],{"className":41,"code":55409,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55411,55412,55432,55440,55444,55452,55456,55468],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55413,55414,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55415,3338],{"class":54},[48,55417,59],{"class":58},[48,55419,4404],{"class":62},[48,55421,3770],{"class":99},[48,55423,87],{"class":62},[48,55425,632],{"class":99},[48,55427,87],{"class":62},[48,55429,800],{"class":99},[48,55431,1465],{"class":62},[48,55433,55434,55436,55438],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55435,3365],{"class":54},[48,55437,59],{"class":58},[48,55439,36714],{"class":54},[48,55441,55442],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55443,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55445,55446,55448,55450],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55447,3338],{"class":54},[48,55449,59],{"class":58},[48,55451,8607],{"class":62},[48,55453,55454],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,55455,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55457,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,55459,276],{"class":147},[48,55461,151],{"class":62},[48,55463,348],{"class":137},[48,55465,4442],{"class":62},[48,55467,54954],{"class":4445},[48,55469,55470,55472,55474,55476,55478],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,55471,276],{"class":147},[48,55473,151],{"class":62},[48,55475,2059],{"class":137},[48,55477,4442],{"class":62},[48,55479,55480],{"class":4445},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55482,21489,55483,55485,55486,55488],{},[15,55484,348],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55487,2059],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55490,55491],{},"This difference matters when:",[209,55493,55494,55497,55500],{},[212,55495,55496],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[212,55498,55499],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[212,55501,55502],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55504,55505,55506,134],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[348,55507,55509,55510,2689],{"href":55508},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55511,13520],{},[34,55513,1545,55514],{"id":13183},[15,55515,12073],{},[20,55517,189,55518,7092],{},[15,55519,12073],{},[209,55521,55522,55525,55528],{},[212,55523,55524],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[212,55526,55527],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[212,55529,55530],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55532,226],{},[39,55534,55536],{"className":41,"code":55535,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55537,55538,55574,55578,55583,55594,55598],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55539,55540,55543,55545,55547,55549,55552,55554,55556,55558,55561,55563,55565,55567,55570,55572],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55541,55542],{"class":54},"shopping_cart ",[48,55544,59],{"class":58},[48,55546,4404],{"class":62},[48,55548,67],{"class":66},[48,55550,55551],{"class":70},"milk",[48,55553,67],{"class":66},[48,55555,87],{"class":62},[48,55557,79],{"class":66},[48,55559,55560],{"class":70},"bread",[48,55562,67],{"class":66},[48,55564,87],{"class":62},[48,55566,79],{"class":66},[48,55568,55569],{"class":70},"eggs",[48,55571,67],{"class":66},[48,55573,1465],{"class":62},[48,55575,55576],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55577,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55579,55580],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55581,55582],{"class":4445},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[48,55584,55585,55588,55590,55592],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55586,55587],{"class":54},"shopping_cart",[48,55589,134],{"class":62},[48,55591,12134],{"class":137},[48,55593,380],{"class":62},[48,55595,55596],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,55597,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55599,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,55601,276],{"class":147},[48,55603,151],{"class":62},[48,55605,55587],{"class":137},[48,55607,4442],{"class":62},[48,55609,54954],{"class":4445},[20,55611,55612,55613,55617,55618,55624,55625,134],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[348,55614,55616],{"href":55615},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[348,55619,55621,2689],{"href":55620},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55622,55623],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[348,55626,55628,2689],{"href":55627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55629,55630],{},"list.pop()",[34,55632,5300],{"id":5299},[1752,55634,55636,55637,11844,55640],{"id":55635},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55638,55639],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55641,55642],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55644,55645],{},"This does not call the method.",[39,55647,55649],{"className":41,"code":55648,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55650,55651,55671,55675,55684],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55652,55653,55655,55657,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55654,8549],{"class":54},[48,55656,59],{"class":58},[48,55658,4404],{"class":62},[48,55660,3770],{"class":99},[48,55662,87],{"class":62},[48,55664,632],{"class":99},[48,55666,87],{"class":62},[48,55668,800],{"class":99},[48,55670,1465],{"class":62},[48,55672,55673],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55674,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55676,55677,55679,55681],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55678,138],{"class":54},[48,55680,134],{"class":62},[48,55682,55683],{"class":25281},"clear\n",[48,55685,55686,55688,55690,55692],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55687,276],{"class":147},[48,55689,151],{"class":62},[48,55691,138],{"class":137},[48,55693,162],{"class":62},[20,55695,168],{},[39,55697,55699],{"className":41,"code":55698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55700,55701],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55702,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713,55715],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55704,682],{"class":62},[48,55706,3770],{"class":99},[48,55708,87],{"class":62},[48,55710,632],{"class":99},[48,55712,87],{"class":62},[48,55714,800],{"class":99},[48,55716,1465],{"class":62},[20,55718,55719],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55721,11559],{},[39,55723,55725],{"className":41,"code":55724,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55726,55727,55747,55751,55761],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55728,55729,55731,55733,55735,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55730,8549],{"class":54},[48,55732,59],{"class":58},[48,55734,4404],{"class":62},[48,55736,3770],{"class":99},[48,55738,87],{"class":62},[48,55740,632],{"class":99},[48,55742,87],{"class":62},[48,55744,800],{"class":99},[48,55746,1465],{"class":62},[48,55748,55749],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55750,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55752,55753,55755,55757,55759],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55754,138],{"class":54},[48,55756,134],{"class":62},[48,55758,12134],{"class":137},[48,55760,380],{"class":62},[48,55762,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55764,276],{"class":147},[48,55766,151],{"class":62},[48,55768,138],{"class":137},[48,55770,4442],{"class":62},[48,55772,54954],{"class":4445},[1752,55774,2015,55776,55778],{"id":55775},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55777,12073],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55780,55781,3181,55783,55785],{},[15,55782,12073],{},[15,55784,4560],{},", not the list.",[39,55787,55789],{"className":41,"code":55788,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55790,55791,55811,55825,55829,55841],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55792,55793,55795,55797,55799,55801,55803,55805,55807,55809],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55794,8549],{"class":54},[48,55796,59],{"class":58},[48,55798,4404],{"class":62},[48,55800,3770],{"class":99},[48,55802,87],{"class":62},[48,55804,632],{"class":99},[48,55806,87],{"class":62},[48,55808,800],{"class":99},[48,55810,1465],{"class":62},[48,55812,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55814,449],{"class":54},[48,55816,59],{"class":58},[48,55818,6741],{"class":54},[48,55820,134],{"class":62},[48,55822,12134],{"class":137},[48,55824,380],{"class":62},[48,55826,55827],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55828,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,55830,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55832,276],{"class":147},[48,55834,151],{"class":62},[48,55836,474],{"class":137},[48,55838,4442],{"class":62},[48,55840,21594],{"class":4445},[48,55842,55843,55845,55847,55849,55851],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,55844,276],{"class":147},[48,55846,151],{"class":62},[48,55848,138],{"class":137},[48,55850,4442],{"class":62},[48,55852,55202],{"class":4445},[1752,55854,9185,55856,55858],{"id":55855},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55857,12073],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55860,55861,55862,55864],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55863,12073],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55866,55867],{},"This will fail:",[39,55869,55871],{"className":41,"code":55870,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55872,55873,55885],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55874,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55876,35224],{"class":54},[48,55878,59],{"class":58},[48,55880,79],{"class":66},[48,55882,4628],{"class":70},[48,55884,4138],{"class":66},[48,55886,55887,55889,55891,55893],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55888,35245],{"class":54},[48,55890,134],{"class":62},[48,55892,12134],{"class":137},[48,55894,380],{"class":62},[20,55896,55897,55898,34136],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55899,12073],{},[20,55901,55902,55903,55905],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55904,4560],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55907,55908],{},"Useful checks:",[39,55910,55912],{"className":41,"code":55911,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55913,55914,55924,55938,55952,55961,55971],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55915,55916,55918,55920,55922],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55917,276],{"class":147},[48,55919,151],{"class":62},[48,55921,9106],{"class":137},[48,55923,162],{"class":62},[48,55925,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,55927,276],{"class":147},[48,55929,151],{"class":62},[48,55931,2094],{"class":281},[48,55933,151],{"class":62},[48,55935,9106],{"class":137},[48,55937,670],{"class":62},[48,55939,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,55941,276],{"class":147},[48,55943,151],{"class":62},[48,55945,13393],{"class":147},[48,55947,151],{"class":62},[48,55949,9106],{"class":137},[48,55951,670],{"class":62},[48,55953,55954,55956,55958],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,55955,44093],{"class":54},[48,55957,59],{"class":58},[48,55959,55960],{"class":54}," my_list\n",[48,55962,55963,55965,55967,55969],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,55964,9106],{"class":54},[48,55966,134],{"class":62},[48,55968,12134],{"class":137},[48,55970,380],{"class":62},[48,55972,55973,55975,55977,55979],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,55974,276],{"class":147},[48,55976,151],{"class":62},[48,55978,31277],{"class":137},[48,55980,162],{"class":62},[20,55982,55983],{},"These can help you see:",[209,55985,55986,55989,55992],{},[212,55987,55988],{},"What the variable currently contains",[212,55990,55991],{},"Whether it is really a list",[212,55993,55994],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55996,55997,55998,134],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[348,55999,56000],{"href":54844},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[34,56002,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,56004,2606,56006,56008],{"id":56005},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,56007,54897],{}," delete the list?",[20,56010,56011],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1752,56013,2606,56015,56017],{"id":56014},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,56016,54897],{}," return a new list?",[20,56019,56020,56021,56023],{},"No. It returns ",[15,56022,4560],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1752,56025,5957,56027,5174,56029,2623],{"id":56026},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,56028,12073],{},[15,56030,55405],{},[20,56032,56033,56035,56036,56038],{},[15,56034,12073],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,56037,55405],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1752,56040,28861,56042,56044],{"id":56041},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,56043,12073],{}," on other types?",[20,56046,56047,56048,56050],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,56049,12073],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[34,56052,2679],{"id":2678},[209,56054,56055,56059,56064,56071,56078,56084],{},[212,56056,56057],{},[348,56058,53319],{"href":55118},[212,56060,56061],{},[348,56062,56063],{"href":55615},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[212,56065,56066],{},[348,56067,56068,56069,2689],{"href":55627},"Python list ",[15,56070,13506],{},[212,56072,56073],{},[348,56074,56068,56075,2689],{"href":55620},[15,56076,56077],{},"remove()",[212,56079,56080],{},[348,56081,56068,56082,2689],{"href":55508},[15,56083,13520],{},[212,56085,56086],{},[348,56087,30881,56088,34169],{"href":54844},[15,56089,56090],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2711,56092,56093],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":56095},[56096,56097,56099,56100,56101,56102,56109,56110,56118,56128],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":54962,"depth":106,"text":56098},"What list.clear() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":55276,"depth":106,"text":56103,"children":56104},"clear() vs assigning []",[56105,56107],{"id":55314,"depth":113,"text":56106},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55402,"depth":113,"text":56108},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13183,"depth":106,"text":13552},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":56111},[56112,56114,56116],{"id":55635,"depth":113,"text":56113},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55775,"depth":113,"text":56115},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55855,"depth":113,"text":56117},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":56119},[56120,56122,56124,56126],{"id":56005,"depth":113,"text":56121},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":56014,"depth":113,"text":56123},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":56026,"depth":113,"text":56125},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":56041,"depth":113,"text":56127},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54884,"description":56129},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56136,"title":56137,"body":56138,"description":57823,"extension":2749,"meta":57824,"navigation":109,"path":57825,"seo":57826,"stem":57827,"__hash__":57828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56139,"toc":57791},[56140,56145,56151,56159,56161,56250,56257,56262,56266,56280,56282,56359,56361,56422,56425,56427,56429,56450,56453,56467,56470,56515,56517,56525,56528,56534,56540,56543,56620,56622,56667,56670,56675,56758,56760,56801,56806,56810,56816,56818,56826,56829,56922,56924,56982,56985,57001,57006,57016,57021,57023,57028,57033,57036,57038,57095,57098,57151,57157,57162,57166,57183,57185,57269,57271,57312,57320,57322,57327,57333,57335,57398,57403,57473,57477,57512,57515,57517,57556,57560,57636,57642,57648,57653,57675,57678,57697,57705,57707,57713,57716,57723,57731,57736,57739,57743,57749,57757,57760,57762,57788],[10,56141,54890,56143,18],{"id":56142},"python-list-copy-method",[15,56144,13520],{},[20,56146,56147,56150],{},[15,56148,56149],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,56152,56153,56154,14784,56156,56158],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,56155,59],{},[166,56157,5413],{}," make a real copy.",[34,56160,37],{"id":36},[39,56162,56164],{"className":41,"code":56163,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56165,56166,56186,56201,56205,56220,56224,56237],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56167,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56169,2232],{"class":54},[48,56171,59],{"class":58},[48,56173,4404],{"class":62},[48,56175,3770],{"class":99},[48,56177,87],{"class":62},[48,56179,632],{"class":99},[48,56181,87],{"class":62},[48,56183,800],{"class":99},[48,56185,1465],{"class":62},[48,56187,56188,56191,56193,56195,56197,56199],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56189,56190],{"class":54},"new_numbers ",[48,56192,59],{"class":58},[48,56194,2292],{"class":54},[48,56196,134],{"class":62},[48,56198,13652],{"class":137},[48,56200,380],{"class":62},[48,56202,56203],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,56204,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56206,56207,56210,56212,56214,56216,56218],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,56208,56209],{"class":54},"new_numbers",[48,56211,134],{"class":62},[48,56213,14287],{"class":137},[48,56215,151],{"class":62},[48,56217,3288],{"class":99},[48,56219,162],{"class":62},[48,56221,56222],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,56223,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56225,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,56227,276],{"class":147},[48,56229,151],{"class":62},[48,56231,2411],{"class":137},[48,56233,4442],{"class":62},[48,56235,56236],{"class":4445},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[48,56238,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,56240,276],{"class":147},[48,56242,151],{"class":62},[48,56244,56209],{"class":137},[48,56246,4442],{"class":62},[48,56248,56249],{"class":4445},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,56251,189,56252,56254,56255,134],{},[15,56253,56149],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[166,56256,13594],{},[34,56258,196,56260,199],{"id":56259},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56261,56149],{},[20,56263,56264,76],{},[15,56265,56149],{},[209,56267,56268,56271,56274,56277],{},[212,56269,56270],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[212,56272,56273],{},"Returns that new list",[212,56275,56276],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[212,56278,56279],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56281,226],{},[39,56283,56285],{"className":41,"code":56284,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56286,56287,56319,56334,56338,56348],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56288,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56290,36778],{"class":54},[48,56292,59],{"class":58},[48,56294,4404],{"class":62},[48,56296,67],{"class":66},[48,56298,1128],{"class":70},[48,56300,67],{"class":66},[48,56302,87],{"class":62},[48,56304,79],{"class":66},[48,56306,1146],{"class":70},[48,56308,67],{"class":66},[48,56310,87],{"class":62},[48,56312,79],{"class":66},[48,56314,33756],{"class":70},[48,56316,67],{"class":66},[48,56318,1465],{"class":62},[48,56320,56321,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56322,56323],{"class":54},"copied_fruits ",[48,56325,59],{"class":58},[48,56327,53399],{"class":54},[48,56329,134],{"class":62},[48,56331,13652],{"class":137},[48,56333,380],{"class":62},[48,56335,56336],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,56337,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56339,56340,56342,56344,56346],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,56341,276],{"class":147},[48,56343,151],{"class":62},[48,56345,36830],{"class":137},[48,56347,162],{"class":62},[48,56349,56350,56352,56354,56357],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,56351,276],{"class":147},[48,56353,151],{"class":62},[48,56355,56356],{"class":137},"copied_fruits",[48,56358,162],{"class":62},[20,56360,168],{},[39,56362,56364],{"className":41,"code":56363,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56365,56366,56394],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56367,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56369,682],{"class":62},[48,56371,311],{"class":66},[48,56373,1128],{"class":70},[48,56375,311],{"class":66},[48,56377,87],{"class":62},[48,56379,320],{"class":66},[48,56381,1146],{"class":70},[48,56383,311],{"class":66},[48,56385,87],{"class":62},[48,56387,320],{"class":66},[48,56389,33756],{"class":70},[48,56391,311],{"class":66},[48,56393,1465],{"class":62},[48,56395,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56397,682],{"class":62},[48,56399,311],{"class":66},[48,56401,1128],{"class":70},[48,56403,311],{"class":66},[48,56405,87],{"class":62},[48,56407,320],{"class":66},[48,56409,1146],{"class":70},[48,56411,311],{"class":66},[48,56413,87],{"class":62},[48,56415,320],{"class":66},[48,56417,33756],{"class":70},[48,56419,311],{"class":66},[48,56421,1465],{"class":62},[20,56423,56424],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[34,56426,360],{"id":359},[20,56428,2944],{},[39,56430,56432],{"className":41,"code":56431,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56433,56434],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56435,56436,56439,56441,56444,56446,56448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56437,56438],{"class":54},"new_list ",[48,56440,59],{"class":58},[48,56442,56443],{"class":54}," old_list",[48,56445,134],{"class":62},[48,56447,13652],{"class":137},[48,56449,380],{"class":62},[20,56451,56452],{},"How it works:",[209,56454,56455,56461,56464],{},[212,56456,56457,56458,56460],{},"Call ",[15,56459,13520],{}," on an existing list",[212,56462,56463],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[212,56465,56466],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56468,56469],{},"Example with an empty list:",[39,56471,56473],{"className":41,"code":56472,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56474,56475,56484,56500,56504],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56476,56477,56480,56482],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56478,56479],{"class":54},"empty_list ",[48,56481,59],{"class":58},[48,56483,8607],{"class":62},[48,56485,56486,56489,56491,56494,56496,56498],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56487,56488],{"class":54},"new_empty_list ",[48,56490,59],{"class":58},[48,56492,56493],{"class":54}," empty_list",[48,56495,134],{"class":62},[48,56497,13652],{"class":137},[48,56499,380],{"class":62},[48,56501,56502],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,56503,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56505,56506,56508,56510,56513],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,56507,276],{"class":147},[48,56509,151],{"class":62},[48,56511,56512],{"class":137},"new_empty_list",[48,56514,162],{"class":62},[20,56516,168],{},[39,56518,56519],{"className":41,"code":38838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,56520,56521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56522,56523],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56524,38838],{"class":62},[20,56526,56527],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[34,56529,56531,56532],{"id":56530},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56533,59],{},[20,56535,9185,56536,14784,56538,53215],{},[15,56537,59],{},[166,56539,5413],{},[20,56541,56542],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[39,56544,56546],{"className":41,"code":56545,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56547,56548,56568,56577,56581,56596,56600,56610],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56549,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56551,2232],{"class":54},[48,56553,59],{"class":58},[48,56555,4404],{"class":62},[48,56557,3770],{"class":99},[48,56559,87],{"class":62},[48,56561,632],{"class":99},[48,56563,87],{"class":62},[48,56565,800],{"class":99},[48,56567,1465],{"class":62},[48,56569,56570,56573,56575],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56571,56572],{"class":54},"same_list ",[48,56574,59],{"class":58},[48,56576,44526],{"class":54},[48,56578,56579],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,56580,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56582,56583,56586,56588,56590,56592,56594],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,56584,56585],{"class":54},"same_list",[48,56587,134],{"class":62},[48,56589,14287],{"class":137},[48,56591,151],{"class":62},[48,56593,3288],{"class":99},[48,56595,162],{"class":62},[48,56597,56598],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,56599,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56601,56602,56604,56606,56608],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,56603,276],{"class":147},[48,56605,151],{"class":62},[48,56607,2411],{"class":137},[48,56609,162],{"class":62},[48,56611,56612,56614,56616,56618],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,56613,276],{"class":147},[48,56615,151],{"class":62},[48,56617,56585],{"class":137},[48,56619,162],{"class":62},[20,56621,168],{},[39,56623,56625],{"className":41,"code":56624,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56626,56627,56647],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56628,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56630,682],{"class":62},[48,56632,3770],{"class":99},[48,56634,87],{"class":62},[48,56636,632],{"class":99},[48,56638,87],{"class":62},[48,56640,800],{"class":99},[48,56642,87],{"class":62},[48,56644,3241],{"class":99},[48,56646,1465],{"class":62},[48,56648,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56650,682],{"class":62},[48,56652,3770],{"class":99},[48,56654,87],{"class":62},[48,56656,632],{"class":99},[48,56658,87],{"class":62},[48,56660,800],{"class":99},[48,56662,87],{"class":62},[48,56664,3241],{"class":99},[48,56666,1465],{"class":62},[20,56668,56669],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56671,56672,56673,76],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56674,13520],{},[39,56676,56678],{"className":41,"code":56677,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56679,56680,56700,56715,56719,56734,56738,56748],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56681,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694,56696,56698],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56683,2232],{"class":54},[48,56685,59],{"class":58},[48,56687,4404],{"class":62},[48,56689,3770],{"class":99},[48,56691,87],{"class":62},[48,56693,632],{"class":99},[48,56695,87],{"class":62},[48,56697,800],{"class":99},[48,56699,1465],{"class":62},[48,56701,56702,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56703,56704],{"class":54},"copied_numbers ",[48,56706,59],{"class":58},[48,56708,2292],{"class":54},[48,56710,134],{"class":62},[48,56712,13652],{"class":137},[48,56714,380],{"class":62},[48,56716,56717],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,56718,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56720,56721,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,56722,56723],{"class":54},"copied_numbers",[48,56725,134],{"class":62},[48,56727,14287],{"class":137},[48,56729,151],{"class":62},[48,56731,3288],{"class":99},[48,56733,162],{"class":62},[48,56735,56736],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,56737,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56739,56740,56742,56744,56746],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,56741,276],{"class":147},[48,56743,151],{"class":62},[48,56745,2411],{"class":137},[48,56747,162],{"class":62},[48,56749,56750,56752,56754,56756],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,56751,276],{"class":147},[48,56753,151],{"class":62},[48,56755,56723],{"class":137},[48,56757,162],{"class":62},[20,56759,168],{},[39,56761,56763],{"className":41,"code":56762,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56764,56765,56781],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56766,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775,56777,56779],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56768,682],{"class":62},[48,56770,3770],{"class":99},[48,56772,87],{"class":62},[48,56774,632],{"class":99},[48,56776,87],{"class":62},[48,56778,800],{"class":99},[48,56780,1465],{"class":62},[48,56782,56783,56785,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56784,682],{"class":62},[48,56786,3770],{"class":99},[48,56788,87],{"class":62},[48,56790,632],{"class":99},[48,56792,87],{"class":62},[48,56794,800],{"class":99},[48,56796,87],{"class":62},[48,56798,3241],{"class":99},[48,56800,1465],{"class":62},[20,56802,56803,56804,134],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[348,56805,53319],{"href":51526},[34,56807,56809],{"id":56808},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56811,56812,13591,56814,134],{},[15,56813,56149],{},[166,56815,13594],{},[20,56817,579],{},[209,56819,56820,56823],{},[212,56821,56822],{},"The outer list is new",[212,56824,56825],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56827,56828],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[39,56830,56832],{"className":41,"code":56831,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56833,56834,56861,56875,56879,56898,56902,56912],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56835,56836,56838,56840,56843,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56837,12831],{"class":54},[48,56839,59],{"class":58},[48,56841,56842],{"class":62}," [[",[48,56844,3770],{"class":99},[48,56846,87],{"class":62},[48,56848,632],{"class":99},[48,56850,18785],{"class":62},[48,56852,4404],{"class":62},[48,56854,2848],{"class":99},[48,56856,87],{"class":62},[48,56858,3241],{"class":99},[48,56860,53790],{"class":62},[48,56862,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56864,15042],{"class":54},[48,56866,59],{"class":58},[48,56868,12906],{"class":54},[48,56870,134],{"class":62},[48,56872,13652],{"class":137},[48,56874,380],{"class":62},[48,56876,56877],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,56878,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56880,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56896],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,56882,15061],{"class":54},[48,56884,682],{"class":62},[48,56886,2904],{"class":99},[48,56888,14284],{"class":62},[48,56890,14287],{"class":137},[48,56892,151],{"class":62},[48,56894,56895],{"class":99},"99",[48,56897,162],{"class":62},[48,56899,56900],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,56901,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,56903,56904,56906,56908,56910],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,56905,276],{"class":147},[48,56907,151],{"class":62},[48,56909,12878],{"class":137},[48,56911,162],{"class":62},[48,56913,56914,56916,56918,56920],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,56915,276],{"class":147},[48,56917,151],{"class":62},[48,56919,15061],{"class":137},[48,56921,162],{"class":62},[20,56923,168],{},[39,56925,56927],{"className":41,"code":56926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56928,56929,56956],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56930,56931,56934,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56932,56933],{"class":62},"[[",[48,56935,3770],{"class":99},[48,56937,87],{"class":62},[48,56939,632],{"class":99},[48,56941,87],{"class":62},[48,56943,10952],{"class":99},[48,56945,18785],{"class":62},[48,56947,4404],{"class":62},[48,56949,2848],{"class":99},[48,56951,87],{"class":62},[48,56953,3241],{"class":99},[48,56955,53790],{"class":62},[48,56957,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,56959,56933],{"class":62},[48,56961,3770],{"class":99},[48,56963,87],{"class":62},[48,56965,632],{"class":99},[48,56967,87],{"class":62},[48,56969,10952],{"class":99},[48,56971,18785],{"class":62},[48,56973,4404],{"class":62},[48,56975,2848],{"class":99},[48,56977,87],{"class":62},[48,56979,3241],{"class":99},[48,56981,53790],{"class":62},[20,56983,56984],{},"Why did both change?",[209,56986,56987,56994],{},[212,56988,56989,5174,56991,56993],{},[15,56990,12878],{},[15,56992,15061],{}," are different outer lists",[212,56995,56996,56997,57000],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56998,56999],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,57002,54201,57003,57005],{},[15,57004,13520],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[209,57007,57008,57011,57014],{},[212,57009,57010],{},"Numbers",[212,57012,57013],{},"Strings",[212,57015,41137],{},[20,57017,57018,57019,134],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[348,57020,14524],{"href":14523},[34,57022,18143],{"id":18142},[20,57024,57025,57027],{},[15,57026,56149],{}," returns a new list.",[20,57029,41448,57030,57032],{},[166,57031,5413],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,57034,57035],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,57037,17384],{},[39,57039,57041],{"className":41,"code":57040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,57042,57043,57067,57081,57085],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57044,57045,57047,57049,57051,57053,57055,57057,57059,57061,57063,57065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57046,1119],{"class":54},[48,57048,59],{"class":58},[48,57050,4404],{"class":62},[48,57052,67],{"class":66},[48,57054,1137],{"class":70},[48,57056,67],{"class":66},[48,57058,87],{"class":62},[48,57060,79],{"class":66},[48,57062,13848],{"class":70},[48,57064,67],{"class":66},[48,57066,1465],{"class":62},[48,57068,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57070,13857],{"class":54},[48,57072,59],{"class":58},[48,57074,13862],{"class":54},[48,57076,134],{"class":62},[48,57078,13652],{"class":137},[48,57080,380],{"class":62},[48,57082,57083],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,57084,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,57086,57087,57089,57091,57093],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,57088,276],{"class":147},[48,57090,151],{"class":62},[48,57092,13881],{"class":137},[48,57094,162],{"class":62},[20,57096,57097],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[39,57099,57101],{"className":41,"code":57100,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,57102,57103,57127,57137,57141],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57104,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57106,1119],{"class":54},[48,57108,59],{"class":58},[48,57110,4404],{"class":62},[48,57112,67],{"class":66},[48,57114,1137],{"class":70},[48,57116,67],{"class":66},[48,57118,87],{"class":62},[48,57120,79],{"class":66},[48,57122,13848],{"class":70},[48,57124,67],{"class":66},[48,57126,1465],{"class":62},[48,57128,57129,57131,57133,57135],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57130,1196],{"class":54},[48,57132,134],{"class":62},[48,57134,13652],{"class":137},[48,57136,380],{"class":62},[48,57138,57139],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,57140,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,57142,57143,57145,57147,57149],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,57144,276],{"class":147},[48,57146,151],{"class":62},[48,57148,1196],{"class":137},[48,57150,162],{"class":62},[20,57152,57153,57154,57156],{},"In the second example, ",[15,57155,13520],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[34,57158,1545,57160],{"id":57159},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,57161,56149],{},[20,57163,189,57164,11355],{},[15,57165,56149],{},[209,57167,57168,57171,57174,57177],{},[212,57169,57170],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[212,57172,57173],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[212,57175,57176],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[212,57178,57179,57180],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,57181,57182],{},"[:]",[20,57184,226],{},[39,57186,57188],{"className":41,"code":57187,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,57189,57190,57210,57225,57229,57244,57248,57258],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57191,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57193,408],{"class":54},[48,57195,59],{"class":58},[48,57197,4404],{"class":62},[48,57199,3114],{"class":99},[48,57201,87],{"class":62},[48,57203,2506],{"class":99},[48,57205,87],{"class":62},[48,57207,8564],{"class":99},[48,57209,1465],{"class":62},[48,57211,57212,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57213,57214],{"class":54},"backup_scores ",[48,57216,59],{"class":58},[48,57218,454],{"class":54},[48,57220,134],{"class":62},[48,57222,13652],{"class":137},[48,57224,380],{"class":62},[48,57226,57227],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,57228,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,57230,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239,57242],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,57232,486],{"class":54},[48,57234,134],{"class":62},[48,57236,14287],{"class":137},[48,57238,151],{"class":62},[48,57240,57241],{"class":99},"40",[48,57243,162],{"class":62},[48,57245,57246],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,57247,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,57249,57250,57252,57254,57256],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,57251,276],{"class":147},[48,57253,151],{"class":62},[48,57255,486],{"class":137},[48,57257,162],{"class":62},[48,57259,57260,57262,57264,57267],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,57261,276],{"class":147},[48,57263,151],{"class":62},[48,57265,57266],{"class":137},"backup_scores",[48,57268,162],{"class":62},[20,57270,168],{},[39,57272,57274],{"className":41,"code":57273,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57275,57276,57296],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57277,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57279,682],{"class":62},[48,57281,3114],{"class":99},[48,57283,87],{"class":62},[48,57285,2506],{"class":99},[48,57287,87],{"class":62},[48,57289,8564],{"class":99},[48,57291,87],{"class":62},[48,57293,51390],{"class":99},[48,57295,1465],{"class":62},[48,57297,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57299,682],{"class":62},[48,57301,3114],{"class":99},[48,57303,87],{"class":62},[48,57305,2506],{"class":99},[48,57307,87],{"class":62},[48,57309,8564],{"class":99},[48,57311,1465],{"class":62},[20,57313,57314,57315,134],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[348,57316,56068,57318,2689],{"href":57317},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57319,53200],{},[34,57321,5300],{"id":5299},[20,57323,57324,57325,134],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57326,56149],{},[1752,57328,9185,57330,57332],{"id":57329},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57331,59],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57334,39740],{},[39,57336,57338],{"className":41,"code":57337,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57339,57340,57360,57368,57382,57386],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57341,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57343,3338],{"class":54},[48,57345,59],{"class":58},[48,57347,4404],{"class":62},[48,57349,3770],{"class":99},[48,57351,87],{"class":62},[48,57353,632],{"class":99},[48,57355,87],{"class":62},[48,57357,800],{"class":99},[48,57359,1465],{"class":62},[48,57361,57362,57364,57366],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57363,3365],{"class":54},[48,57365,59],{"class":58},[48,57367,36714],{"class":54},[48,57369,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,57371,2059],{"class":54},[48,57373,134],{"class":62},[48,57375,14287],{"class":137},[48,57377,151],{"class":62},[48,57379,3288],{"class":99},[48,57381,162],{"class":62},[48,57383,57384],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,57385,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,57387,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,57389,276],{"class":147},[48,57391,151],{"class":62},[48,57393,348],{"class":137},[48,57395,4442],{"class":62},[48,57397,56249],{"class":4445},[20,57399,57400,57401,7401],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57402,13520],{},[39,57404,57406],{"className":41,"code":57405,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57407,57408,57428,57443,57457,57461],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57409,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57411,3338],{"class":54},[48,57413,59],{"class":58},[48,57415,4404],{"class":62},[48,57417,3770],{"class":99},[48,57419,87],{"class":62},[48,57421,632],{"class":99},[48,57423,87],{"class":62},[48,57425,800],{"class":99},[48,57427,1465],{"class":62},[48,57429,57430,57432,57434,57437,57439,57441],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57431,3365],{"class":54},[48,57433,59],{"class":58},[48,57435,57436],{"class":54}," a",[48,57438,134],{"class":62},[48,57440,13652],{"class":137},[48,57442,380],{"class":62},[48,57444,57445,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,57446,2059],{"class":54},[48,57448,134],{"class":62},[48,57450,14287],{"class":137},[48,57452,151],{"class":62},[48,57454,3288],{"class":99},[48,57456,162],{"class":62},[48,57458,57459],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,57460,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,57462,57463,57465,57467,57469,57471],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,57464,276],{"class":147},[48,57466,151],{"class":62},[48,57468,348],{"class":137},[48,57470,4442],{"class":62},[48,57472,55480],{"class":4445},[1752,57474,57476],{"id":57475},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[39,57478,57480],{"className":41,"code":57479,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57481,57482,57502],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57483,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57485,2232],{"class":54},[48,57487,59],{"class":58},[48,57489,4404],{"class":62},[48,57491,3770],{"class":99},[48,57493,87],{"class":62},[48,57495,632],{"class":99},[48,57497,87],{"class":62},[48,57499,800],{"class":99},[48,57501,1465],{"class":62},[48,57503,57504,57506,57508,57510],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57505,2411],{"class":54},[48,57507,134],{"class":62},[48,57509,13652],{"class":137},[48,57511,380],{"class":62},[20,57513,57514],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57516,39803],{},[39,57518,57520],{"className":41,"code":57519,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57521,57522,57542],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57523,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57525,2232],{"class":54},[48,57527,59],{"class":58},[48,57529,4404],{"class":62},[48,57531,3770],{"class":99},[48,57533,87],{"class":62},[48,57535,632],{"class":99},[48,57537,87],{"class":62},[48,57539,800],{"class":99},[48,57541,1465],{"class":62},[48,57543,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57545,56704],{"class":54},[48,57547,59],{"class":58},[48,57549,2292],{"class":54},[48,57551,134],{"class":62},[48,57553,13652],{"class":137},[48,57555,380],{"class":62},[1752,57557,57559],{"id":57558},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[39,57561,57563],{"className":41,"code":57562,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57564,57565,57583,57597,57601,57619,57623],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57566,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57568,3338],{"class":54},[48,57570,59],{"class":58},[48,57572,56842],{"class":62},[48,57574,3770],{"class":99},[48,57576,18785],{"class":62},[48,57578,4404],{"class":62},[48,57580,2842],{"class":99},[48,57582,53790],{"class":62},[48,57584,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57586,3365],{"class":54},[48,57588,59],{"class":58},[48,57590,57436],{"class":54},[48,57592,134],{"class":62},[48,57594,13652],{"class":137},[48,57596,380],{"class":62},[48,57598,57599],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,57600,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,57602,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,57604,2059],{"class":54},[48,57606,682],{"class":62},[48,57608,2904],{"class":99},[48,57610,14284],{"class":62},[48,57612,14287],{"class":137},[48,57614,151],{"class":62},[48,57616,56895],{"class":99},[48,57618,162],{"class":62},[48,57620,57621],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,57622,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,57624,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,57626,276],{"class":147},[48,57628,151],{"class":62},[48,57630,348],{"class":137},[48,57632,4442],{"class":62},[48,57634,57635],{"class":4445},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57637,57638,57639,57641],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57640,56149],{}," is shallow.",[1752,57643,26148,57645,57647],{"id":57644},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57646,13520],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57649,57650,57652],{},[15,57651,13520],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[39,57654,57656],{"className":41,"code":57655,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57657,57658,57670],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57659,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57661,8645],{"class":54},[48,57663,59],{"class":58},[48,57665,79],{"class":66},[48,57667,417],{"class":70},[48,57669,4138],{"class":66},[48,57671,57672],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57673,57674],{"class":4445},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57676,57677],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[39,57679,57681],{"className":41,"code":57680,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57682,57683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57684,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57686,276],{"class":147},[48,57688,151],{"class":62},[48,57690,2094],{"class":281},[48,57692,151],{"class":62},[48,57694,71],{"class":137},[48,57696,670],{"class":62},[20,57698,57699,57700,57704],{},"You can also review ",[348,57701,57703],{"href":57702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[34,57706,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,57708,2606,57710,57712],{"id":57709},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57711,56149],{}," change the original list?",[20,57714,57715],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1752,57717,5957,57719,5174,57721,2623],{"id":57718},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57720,56149],{},[15,57722,59],{},[20,57724,57725,57727,57728,57730],{},[15,57726,13520],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57729,59],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1752,57732,15632,57734,15635],{"id":57733},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57735,56149],{},[20,57737,57738],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1752,57740,57742],{"id":57741},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57744,42695,57745,57748],{},[15,57746,57747],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1752,57750,15632,57752,57754,57755,2623],{"id":57751},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57753,56149],{}," the same as ",[15,57756,57182],{},[20,57758,57759],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[34,57761,2679],{"id":2678},[209,57763,57764,57769,57773,57778,57784],{},[212,57765,57766],{},[348,57767,15694],{"href":57768},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[212,57770,57771],{},[348,57772,53319],{"href":51526},[212,57774,57775],{},[348,57776,57777],{"href":57702},"Creating a list in Python",[212,57779,57780],{},[348,57781,56068,57782,2689],{"href":57317},[15,57783,53200],{},[212,57785,57786],{},[348,57787,14524],{"href":14523},[2711,57789,57790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":57792},[57793,57794,57796,57797,57799,57800,57801,57803,57811,57822],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":56259,"depth":106,"text":57795},"What list.copy() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":56530,"depth":106,"text":57798},"Why not use =",{"id":56808,"depth":106,"text":56809},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":57159,"depth":106,"text":57802},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":57804},[57805,57807,57808,57809],{"id":57329,"depth":113,"text":57806},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57475,"depth":113,"text":57476},{"id":57558,"depth":113,"text":57559},{"id":57644,"depth":113,"text":57810},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":57812},[57813,57815,57817,57819,57820],{"id":57709,"depth":113,"text":57814},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57718,"depth":113,"text":57816},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57733,"depth":113,"text":57818},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57741,"depth":113,"text":57742},{"id":57751,"depth":113,"text":57821},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56137,"description":57823},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57830,"title":57831,"body":57832,"description":59574,"extension":2749,"meta":59575,"navigation":109,"path":59576,"seo":59577,"stem":59578,"__hash__":59579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57833,"toc":59533},[57834,57840,57846,57849,57860,57863,57865,57928,57934,57939,57943,57957,57960,57965,57970,57972,57974,57993,58005,58007,58074,58076,58084,58089,58091,58099,58102,58119,58121,58245,58256,58260,58265,58268,58270,58288,58292,58378,58387,58395,58464,58466,58469,58481,58486,58490,58561,58564,58568,58572,58637,58639,58647,58651,58734,58736,58744,58748,58809,58811,58819,58823,58910,58912,58920,58925,58930,58933,58944,58946,59031,59036,59045,59047,59051,59055,59060,59122,59126,59134,59140,59149,59154,59203,59206,59227,59231,59293,59300,59305,59308,59395,59398,59409,59412,59432,59434,59440,59443,59447,59451,59457,59460,59466,59473,59481,59492,59494,59530],[10,57835,54890,57837,18],{"id":57836},"python-list-count-method",[15,57838,57839],{},"count()",[20,57841,57842,57845],{},[15,57843,57844],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57847,57848],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[209,57850,57851,57854,57857],{},[212,57852,57853],{},"count one specific item",[212,57855,57856],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[212,57858,57859],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57861,57862],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[34,57864,4390],{"id":4389},[39,57866,57868],{"className":41,"code":57867,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57869,57870,57898,57916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57871,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57873,2232],{"class":54},[48,57875,59],{"class":58},[48,57877,4404],{"class":62},[48,57879,3770],{"class":99},[48,57881,87],{"class":62},[48,57883,632],{"class":99},[48,57885,87],{"class":62},[48,57887,632],{"class":99},[48,57889,87],{"class":62},[48,57891,800],{"class":99},[48,57893,87],{"class":62},[48,57895,632],{"class":99},[48,57897,1465],{"class":62},[48,57899,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,57901,449],{"class":54},[48,57903,59],{"class":58},[48,57905,2292],{"class":54},[48,57907,134],{"class":62},[48,57909,41802],{"class":137},[48,57911,151],{"class":62},[48,57913,2842],{"class":99},[48,57915,162],{"class":62},[48,57917,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,57919,276],{"class":147},[48,57921,151],{"class":62},[48,57923,474],{"class":137},[48,57925,4442],{"class":62},[48,57927,51317],{"class":4445},[20,57929,189,57930,57933],{},[15,57931,57932],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[34,57935,196,57937,199],{"id":57936},"what-listcount-does",[15,57938,57844],{},[20,57940,57941,76],{},[15,57942,57844],{},[209,57944,57945,57948,57951,57954],{},[212,57946,57947],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[212,57949,57950],{},"returns an integer",[212,57952,57953],{},"does not change the original list",[212,57955,57956],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57958,57959],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57961,57962,57963,134],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57964,2848],{},[20,57966,57967,57968,134],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57969,2904],{},[34,57971,360],{"id":359},[20,57973,2944],{},[39,57975,57977],{"className":41,"code":57976,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57978,57979],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57980,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57982,9106],{"class":54},[48,57984,134],{"class":62},[48,57986,41802],{"class":137},[48,57988,151],{"class":62},[48,57990,933],{"class":137},[48,57992,162],{"class":62},[209,57994,57995,58000],{},[212,57996,57997,57999],{},[15,57998,9106],{}," is the list you want to search",[212,58001,58002,58004],{},[15,58003,933],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,58006,226],{},[39,58008,58010],{"className":41,"code":58009,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,58011,58012,58052],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58013,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58015,36629],{"class":54},[48,58017,59],{"class":58},[48,58019,4404],{"class":62},[48,58021,67],{"class":66},[48,58023,348],{"class":70},[48,58025,67],{"class":66},[48,58027,87],{"class":62},[48,58029,79],{"class":66},[48,58031,2059],{"class":70},[48,58033,67],{"class":66},[48,58035,87],{"class":62},[48,58037,79],{"class":66},[48,58039,348],{"class":70},[48,58041,67],{"class":66},[48,58043,87],{"class":62},[48,58045,79],{"class":66},[48,58047,2265],{"class":70},[48,58049,67],{"class":66},[48,58051,1465],{"class":62},[48,58053,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58055,276],{"class":147},[48,58057,151],{"class":62},[48,58059,36682],{"class":137},[48,58061,134],{"class":62},[48,58063,41802],{"class":137},[48,58065,151],{"class":62},[48,58067,67],{"class":66},[48,58069,348],{"class":70},[48,58071,67],{"class":66},[48,58073,670],{"class":62},[20,58075,168],{},[39,58077,58078],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,58079,58080],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58081,58082],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58083,17784],{"class":99},[20,58085,58086,58087,134],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,58088,2904],{},[34,58090,38561],{"id":38560},[20,58092,58093,58094,58096,58097,134],{},"The return value from ",[15,58095,57839],{}," is always an ",[15,58098,2972],{},[20,58100,58101],{},"Possible results:",[209,58103,58104,58109,58114],{},[212,58105,58106,58108],{},[15,58107,2904],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[212,58110,58111,58113],{},[15,58112,3770],{}," if it appears once",[212,58115,58116,58118],{},[15,58117,2842],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,58120,226],{},[39,58122,58124],{"className":41,"code":58123,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,58125,58126,58166,58170,58195,58220],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58127,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58129,1119],{"class":54},[48,58131,59],{"class":58},[48,58133,4404],{"class":62},[48,58135,67],{"class":66},[48,58137,1137],{"class":70},[48,58139,67],{"class":66},[48,58141,87],{"class":62},[48,58143,79],{"class":66},[48,58145,13848],{"class":70},[48,58147,67],{"class":66},[48,58149,87],{"class":62},[48,58151,79],{"class":66},[48,58153,18179],{"class":70},[48,58155,67],{"class":66},[48,58157,87],{"class":62},[48,58159,79],{"class":66},[48,58161,13848],{"class":70},[48,58163,67],{"class":66},[48,58165,1465],{"class":62},[48,58167,58168],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58169,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,58171,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,58173,276],{"class":147},[48,58175,151],{"class":62},[48,58177,1196],{"class":137},[48,58179,134],{"class":62},[48,58181,41802],{"class":137},[48,58183,151],{"class":62},[48,58185,67],{"class":66},[48,58187,13848],{"class":70},[48,58189,67],{"class":66},[48,58191,6139],{"class":62},[48,58193,58194],{"class":4445},"   # 2\n",[48,58196,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,58198,276],{"class":147},[48,58200,151],{"class":62},[48,58202,1196],{"class":137},[48,58204,134],{"class":62},[48,58206,41802],{"class":137},[48,58208,151],{"class":62},[48,58210,67],{"class":66},[48,58212,1137],{"class":70},[48,58214,67],{"class":66},[48,58216,6139],{"class":62},[48,58218,58219],{"class":4445},"    # 1\n",[48,58221,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,58223,276],{"class":147},[48,58225,151],{"class":62},[48,58227,1196],{"class":137},[48,58229,134],{"class":62},[48,58231,41802],{"class":137},[48,58233,151],{"class":62},[48,58235,67],{"class":66},[48,58237,1155],{"class":70},[48,58239,67],{"class":66},[48,58241,6139],{"class":62},[48,58243,58244],{"class":4445}," # 0\n",[20,58246,58247,58248,58250,58251,58253,58254,134],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58249,57839],{}," works, but using ",[15,58252,128],{}," is often simpler. See ",[348,58255,6973],{"href":6972},[34,58257,58259],{"id":58258},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,58261,58262,58264],{},[15,58263,57844],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58266,58267],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58269,44194],{},[209,58271,58272,58275,58278,58285],{},[212,58273,58274],{},"matches are based on equality",[212,58276,58277],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[212,58279,58280,5174,58282,58284],{},[15,58281,3770],{},[15,58283,4385],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[212,58286,58287],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1752,58289,58291],{"id":58290},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[39,58293,58295],{"className":41,"code":58294,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58296,58297,58330,58354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58298,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58300,4852],{"class":54},[48,58302,59],{"class":58},[48,58304,4404],{"class":62},[48,58306,67],{"class":66},[48,58308,1128],{"class":70},[48,58310,67],{"class":66},[48,58312,87],{"class":62},[48,58314,79],{"class":66},[48,58316,58317],{"class":70},"Apple",[48,58319,67],{"class":66},[48,58321,87],{"class":62},[48,58323,79],{"class":66},[48,58325,1128],{"class":70},[48,58327,67],{"class":66},[48,58329,1465],{"class":62},[48,58331,58332,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58333,276],{"class":147},[48,58335,151],{"class":62},[48,58337,4894],{"class":137},[48,58339,134],{"class":62},[48,58341,41802],{"class":137},[48,58343,151],{"class":62},[48,58345,67],{"class":66},[48,58347,1128],{"class":70},[48,58349,67],{"class":66},[48,58351,6139],{"class":62},[48,58353,51962],{"class":4445},[48,58355,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,58357,276],{"class":147},[48,58359,151],{"class":62},[48,58361,4894],{"class":137},[48,58363,134],{"class":62},[48,58365,41802],{"class":137},[48,58367,151],{"class":62},[48,58369,67],{"class":66},[48,58371,58317],{"class":70},[48,58373,67],{"class":66},[48,58375,6139],{"class":62},[48,58377,28312],{"class":4445},[20,58379,58380,5174,58383,58386],{},[15,58381,58382],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58384,58385],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1752,58388,58390,5174,58392,58394],{"id":58389},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58391,3770],{},[15,58393,4385],{}," can match",[39,58396,58398],{"className":41,"code":58397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58399,58400,58424,58444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58401,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58403,4605],{"class":54},[48,58405,59],{"class":58},[48,58407,4404],{"class":62},[48,58409,3770],{"class":99},[48,58411,87],{"class":62},[48,58413,4697],{"class":1642},[48,58415,87],{"class":62},[48,58417,632],{"class":99},[48,58419,87],{"class":62},[48,58421,618],{"class":99},[48,58423,1465],{"class":62},[48,58425,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58427,276],{"class":147},[48,58429,151],{"class":62},[48,58431,1415],{"class":137},[48,58433,134],{"class":62},[48,58435,41802],{"class":137},[48,58437,151],{"class":62},[48,58439,3770],{"class":99},[48,58441,6139],{"class":62},[48,58443,51465],{"class":4445},[48,58445,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,58447,276],{"class":147},[48,58449,151],{"class":62},[48,58451,1415],{"class":137},[48,58453,134],{"class":62},[48,58455,41802],{"class":137},[48,58457,151],{"class":62},[48,58459,4385],{"class":1642},[48,58461,6139],{"class":62},[48,58463,51317],{"class":4445},[20,58465,5191],{},[20,58467,58468],{},"In Python:",[209,58470,58471,58476],{},[212,58472,58473],{},[15,58474,58475],{},"True == 1",[212,58477,58478],{},[15,58479,58480],{},"False == 0",[20,58482,54201,58483,58485],{},[15,58484,57839],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1752,58487,58489],{"id":58488},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[39,58491,58493],{"className":41,"code":58492,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58494,58495,58537],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58496,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58498,8549],{"class":54},[48,58500,59],{"class":58},[48,58502,56842],{"class":62},[48,58504,3770],{"class":99},[48,58506,87],{"class":62},[48,58508,632],{"class":99},[48,58510,18785],{"class":62},[48,58512,4404],{"class":62},[48,58514,2848],{"class":99},[48,58516,87],{"class":62},[48,58518,3241],{"class":99},[48,58520,18785],{"class":62},[48,58522,4404],{"class":62},[48,58524,3770],{"class":99},[48,58526,87],{"class":62},[48,58528,632],{"class":99},[48,58530,18785],{"class":62},[48,58532,4404],{"class":62},[48,58534,3770],{"class":99},[48,58536,53790],{"class":62},[48,58538,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58540,276],{"class":147},[48,58542,151],{"class":62},[48,58544,138],{"class":137},[48,58546,134],{"class":62},[48,58548,41802],{"class":137},[48,58550,3767],{"class":62},[48,58552,3770],{"class":99},[48,58554,87],{"class":62},[48,58556,632],{"class":99},[48,58558,5517],{"class":62},[48,58560,51962],{"class":4445},[20,58562,58563],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[34,58565,58567],{"id":58566},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1752,58569,58571],{"id":58570},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[39,58573,58575],{"className":41,"code":58574,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58576,58577,58605,58623,58627],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58578,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58580,2232],{"class":54},[48,58582,59],{"class":58},[48,58584,4404],{"class":62},[48,58586,3114],{"class":99},[48,58588,87],{"class":62},[48,58590,2506],{"class":99},[48,58592,87],{"class":62},[48,58594,2493],{"class":99},[48,58596,87],{"class":62},[48,58598,8564],{"class":99},[48,58600,87],{"class":62},[48,58602,2493],{"class":99},[48,58604,1465],{"class":62},[48,58606,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58608,449],{"class":54},[48,58610,59],{"class":58},[48,58612,2292],{"class":54},[48,58614,134],{"class":62},[48,58616,41802],{"class":137},[48,58618,151],{"class":62},[48,58620,3114],{"class":99},[48,58622,162],{"class":62},[48,58624,58625],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,58626,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,58628,58629,58631,58633,58635],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,58630,276],{"class":147},[48,58632,151],{"class":62},[48,58634,474],{"class":137},[48,58636,162],{"class":62},[20,58638,168],{},[39,58640,58641],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,58642,58643],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58644,58645],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58646,47162],{"class":99},[1752,58648,58650],{"id":58649},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[39,58652,58654],{"className":41,"code":58653,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58655,58656,58698,58720,58724],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58657,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674,58677,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687,58689,58691,58694,58696],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58659,4852],{"class":54},[48,58661,59],{"class":58},[48,58663,4404],{"class":62},[48,58665,67],{"class":66},[48,58667,37587],{"class":70},[48,58669,67],{"class":66},[48,58671,87],{"class":62},[48,58673,79],{"class":66},[48,58675,58676],{"class":70},"dog",[48,58678,67],{"class":66},[48,58680,87],{"class":62},[48,58682,79],{"class":66},[48,58684,37587],{"class":70},[48,58686,67],{"class":66},[48,58688,87],{"class":62},[48,58690,79],{"class":66},[48,58692,58693],{"class":70},"bird",[48,58695,67],{"class":66},[48,58697,1465],{"class":62},[48,58699,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58701,449],{"class":54},[48,58703,59],{"class":58},[48,58705,6943],{"class":54},[48,58707,134],{"class":62},[48,58709,41802],{"class":137},[48,58711,151],{"class":62},[48,58713,67],{"class":66},[48,58715,37587],{"class":70},[48,58717,67],{"class":66},[48,58719,162],{"class":62},[48,58721,58722],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,58723,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,58725,58726,58728,58730,58732],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,58727,276],{"class":147},[48,58729,151],{"class":62},[48,58731,474],{"class":137},[48,58733,162],{"class":62},[20,58735,168],{},[39,58737,58738],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,58739,58740],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58741,58742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58743,17784],{"class":99},[1752,58745,58747],{"id":58746},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[39,58749,58751],{"className":41,"code":58750,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58752,58753,58777,58795,58799],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58754,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58756,2232],{"class":54},[48,58758,59],{"class":58},[48,58760,4404],{"class":62},[48,58762,3770],{"class":99},[48,58764,87],{"class":62},[48,58766,632],{"class":99},[48,58768,87],{"class":62},[48,58770,800],{"class":99},[48,58772,87],{"class":62},[48,58774,3241],{"class":99},[48,58776,1465],{"class":62},[48,58778,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58780,449],{"class":54},[48,58782,59],{"class":58},[48,58784,2292],{"class":54},[48,58786,134],{"class":62},[48,58788,41802],{"class":137},[48,58790,151],{"class":62},[48,58792,2921],{"class":99},[48,58794,162],{"class":62},[48,58796,58797],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,58798,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,58800,58801,58803,58805,58807],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,58802,276],{"class":147},[48,58804,151],{"class":62},[48,58806,474],{"class":137},[48,58808,162],{"class":62},[20,58810,168],{},[39,58812,58813],{"className":41,"code":47797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,58814,58815],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58816,58817],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58818,47797],{"class":99},[1752,58820,58822],{"id":58821},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[39,58824,58826],{"className":41,"code":58825,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58827,58828,58874,58896,58900],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58829,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870,58872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58831,602],{"class":54},[48,58833,59],{"class":58},[48,58835,56842],{"class":62},[48,58837,3770],{"class":99},[48,58839,87],{"class":62},[48,58841,632],{"class":99},[48,58843,18785],{"class":62},[48,58845,4404],{"class":62},[48,58847,3770],{"class":99},[48,58849,87],{"class":62},[48,58851,632],{"class":99},[48,58853,18785],{"class":62},[48,58855,4404],{"class":62},[48,58857,2842],{"class":99},[48,58859,87],{"class":62},[48,58861,800],{"class":99},[48,58863,18785],{"class":62},[48,58865,4404],{"class":62},[48,58867,3770],{"class":99},[48,58869,87],{"class":62},[48,58871,632],{"class":99},[48,58873,53790],{"class":62},[48,58875,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892,58894],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58877,449],{"class":54},[48,58879,59],{"class":58},[48,58881,644],{"class":54},[48,58883,134],{"class":62},[48,58885,41802],{"class":137},[48,58887,3767],{"class":62},[48,58889,3770],{"class":99},[48,58891,87],{"class":62},[48,58893,632],{"class":99},[48,58895,4670],{"class":62},[48,58897,58898],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,58899,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,58901,58902,58904,58906,58908],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,58903,276],{"class":147},[48,58905,151],{"class":62},[48,58907,474],{"class":137},[48,58909,162],{"class":62},[20,58911,168],{},[39,58913,58914],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,58915,58916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58917,58918],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58919,47162],{"class":99},[34,58921,1545,58923],{"id":58922},"when-to-use-count",[15,58924,57839],{},[20,58926,189,58927,58929],{},[15,58928,57839],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58931,58932],{},"Good use cases:",[209,58934,58935,58938,58941],{},[212,58936,58937],{},"counting one specific item",[212,58939,58940],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[212,58942,58943],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58945,226],{},[39,58947,58949],{"className":41,"code":58948,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58950,58951,58992,59016,59020],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58952,58953,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58954,58955],{"class":54},"votes ",[48,58957,59],{"class":58},[48,58959,4404],{"class":62},[48,58961,67],{"class":66},[48,58963,9424],{"class":70},[48,58965,67],{"class":66},[48,58967,87],{"class":62},[48,58969,79],{"class":66},[48,58971,9364],{"class":70},[48,58973,67],{"class":66},[48,58975,87],{"class":62},[48,58977,79],{"class":66},[48,58979,9424],{"class":70},[48,58981,67],{"class":66},[48,58983,87],{"class":62},[48,58985,79],{"class":66},[48,58987,9424],{"class":70},[48,58989,67],{"class":66},[48,58991,1465],{"class":62},[48,58993,58994,58997,58999,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,58995,58996],{"class":54},"yes_votes ",[48,58998,59],{"class":58},[48,59000,59001],{"class":54}," votes",[48,59003,134],{"class":62},[48,59005,41802],{"class":137},[48,59007,151],{"class":62},[48,59009,67],{"class":66},[48,59011,9424],{"class":70},[48,59013,67],{"class":66},[48,59015,162],{"class":62},[48,59017,59018],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,59019,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,59021,59022,59024,59026,59029],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,59023,276],{"class":147},[48,59025,151],{"class":62},[48,59027,59028],{"class":137},"yes_votes",[48,59030,162],{"class":62},[20,59032,59033,59035],{},[15,59034,57839],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,59037,59038,59039,5174,59041,134],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[348,59040,53319],{"href":51526},[348,59042,59044],{"href":59043},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[34,59046,1745],{"id":1744},[20,59048,9214,59049,134],{},[15,59050,57844],{},[1752,59052,59054],{"id":59053},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,59056,59057,59059],{},[15,59058,57844],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[39,59061,59063],{"className":41,"code":59062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,59064,59065,59098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59066,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59078,59080,59082,59084,59086,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59068,4852],{"class":54},[48,59070,59],{"class":58},[48,59072,4404],{"class":62},[48,59074,67],{"class":66},[48,59076,59077],{"class":70},"apple pie",[48,59079,67],{"class":66},[48,59081,87],{"class":62},[48,59083,79],{"class":66},[48,59085,1146],{"class":70},[48,59087,67],{"class":66},[48,59089,87],{"class":62},[48,59091,79],{"class":66},[48,59093,59077],{"class":70},[48,59095,67],{"class":66},[48,59097,1465],{"class":62},[48,59099,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,59101,276],{"class":147},[48,59103,151],{"class":62},[48,59105,4894],{"class":137},[48,59107,134],{"class":62},[48,59109,41802],{"class":137},[48,59111,151],{"class":62},[48,59113,67],{"class":66},[48,59115,1128],{"class":70},[48,59117,67],{"class":66},[48,59119,6139],{"class":62},[48,59121,51794],{"class":4445},[20,59123,3272,59124,2623],{},[15,59125,2904],{},[20,59127,29594,59128,59130,59131,134],{},[15,59129,58382],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,59132,59133],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,59135,59136,59137,134],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,59138,59139],{},"str.count()",[1752,59141,2015,59143,9222,59145,352,59147],{"id":59142},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,59144,57839],{},[15,59146,4385],{},[15,59148,4456],{},[20,59150,59151,59153],{},[15,59152,57839],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[39,59155,59157],{"className":41,"code":59156,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,59158,59159,59183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59160,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169,59171,59173,59175,59177,59179,59181],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59162,2232],{"class":54},[48,59164,59],{"class":58},[48,59166,4404],{"class":62},[48,59168,3770],{"class":99},[48,59170,87],{"class":62},[48,59172,632],{"class":99},[48,59174,87],{"class":62},[48,59176,632],{"class":99},[48,59178,87],{"class":62},[48,59180,800],{"class":99},[48,59182,1465],{"class":62},[48,59184,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,59186,276],{"class":147},[48,59188,151],{"class":62},[48,59190,2411],{"class":137},[48,59192,134],{"class":62},[48,59194,41802],{"class":137},[48,59196,151],{"class":62},[48,59198,2842],{"class":99},[48,59200,6139],{"class":62},[48,59202,51962],{"class":4445},[20,59204,59205],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[39,59207,59209],{"className":41,"code":59208,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,59210,59211],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59212,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59214,276],{"class":147},[48,59216,151],{"class":62},[48,59218,2842],{"class":99},[48,59220,21891],{"class":116},[48,59222,2292],{"class":137},[48,59224,4442],{"class":62},[48,59226,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,59228,59230],{"id":59229},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[39,59232,59234],{"className":41,"code":59233,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59235,59236,59269],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59237,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262,59265,59267],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59239,5776],{"class":54},[48,59241,59],{"class":58},[48,59243,4404],{"class":62},[48,59245,67],{"class":66},[48,59247,8446],{"class":70},[48,59249,67],{"class":66},[48,59251,87],{"class":62},[48,59253,79],{"class":66},[48,59255,20936],{"class":70},[48,59257,67],{"class":66},[48,59259,87],{"class":62},[48,59261,79],{"class":66},[48,59263,59264],{"class":70},"SAM",[48,59266,67],{"class":66},[48,59268,1465],{"class":62},[48,59270,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,59272,276],{"class":147},[48,59274,151],{"class":62},[48,59276,5818],{"class":137},[48,59278,134],{"class":62},[48,59280,41802],{"class":137},[48,59282,151],{"class":62},[48,59284,67],{"class":66},[48,59286,20936],{"class":70},[48,59288,67],{"class":66},[48,59290,6139],{"class":62},[48,59292,28312],{"class":4445},[20,59294,59295,59296,59299],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59297,59298],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1752,59301,30183,59303,34084],{"id":59302},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59304,57839],{},[20,59306,59307],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[39,59309,59311],{"className":41,"code":59310,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59312,59313,59323,59337,59355,59369,59381],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59314,59315,59317,59319,59321],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59316,276],{"class":147},[48,59318,151],{"class":62},[48,59320,9106],{"class":137},[48,59322,162],{"class":62},[48,59324,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,59326,276],{"class":147},[48,59328,151],{"class":62},[48,59330,2094],{"class":281},[48,59332,151],{"class":62},[48,59334,9106],{"class":137},[48,59336,670],{"class":62},[48,59338,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351,59353],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,59340,276],{"class":147},[48,59342,151],{"class":62},[48,59344,9106],{"class":137},[48,59346,134],{"class":62},[48,59348,41802],{"class":137},[48,59350,151],{"class":62},[48,59352,933],{"class":137},[48,59354,670],{"class":62},[48,59356,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365,59367],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,59358,276],{"class":147},[48,59360,151],{"class":62},[48,59362,3231],{"class":137},[48,59364,128],{"class":116},[48,59366,9163],{"class":137},[48,59368,162],{"class":62},[48,59370,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,59372,117],{"class":116},[48,59374,1948],{"class":54},[48,59376,128],{"class":116},[48,59378,9163],{"class":54},[48,59380,1053],{"class":62},[48,59382,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,59384,148],{"class":147},[48,59386,151],{"class":62},[48,59388,42322],{"class":147},[48,59390,151],{"class":62},[48,59392,1967],{"class":137},[48,59394,670],{"class":62},[20,59396,59397],{},"These checks can help you see:",[209,59399,59400,59403,59406],{},[212,59401,59402],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[212,59404,59405],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[212,59407,59408],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59410,59411],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[209,59413,59414,59419,59422,59429],{},[212,59415,51038,59416,59418],{},[15,59417,57839],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[212,59420,59421],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[212,59423,11859,59424,59426,59427],{},[15,59425,57844],{}," with string ",[15,59428,57839],{},[212,59430,59431],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[34,59433,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,59435,2606,59437,59439],{"id":59436},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59438,57844],{}," change the list?",[20,59441,59442],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1752,59444,59446],{"id":59445},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59448,12656,59449,134],{},[15,59450,2904],{},[1752,59452,5947,59454,59456],{"id":59453},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59455,57844],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59458,59459],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1752,59461,15632,59463,59465],{"id":59462},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59464,57844],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59467,42695,59468,5174,59470,59472],{},[15,59469,58385],{},[15,59471,58382],{}," are different values.",[1752,59474,5935,59476,59478,59479,2623],{"id":59475},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59477,4385],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59480,3770],{},[20,59482,9552,59483,59485,59486,5174,59488,59485,59490,134],{},[15,59484,4385],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59487,3770],{},[15,59489,4456],{},[15,59491,2904],{},[34,59493,2679],{"id":2678},[209,59495,59496,59500,59506,59510,59518,59525],{},[212,59497,59498],{},[348,59499,53319],{"href":51526},[212,59501,59502],{},[348,59503,59505],{"href":59504},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[212,59507,59508],{},[348,59509,7705],{"href":6972},[212,59511,59512],{},[348,59513,56068,59515,2689],{"href":59514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59516,59517],{},"index()",[212,59519,59520],{},[348,59521,4356,59523],{"href":59522},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59524,42904],{},[212,59526,59527],{},[348,59528,59529],{"href":59043},"What is a list in Python",[2711,59531,59532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":59534},[59535,59536,59538,59539,59540,59546,59552,59554,59562,59573],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":57936,"depth":106,"text":59537},"What list.count() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":38560,"depth":106,"text":38561},{"id":58258,"depth":106,"text":58259,"children":59541},[59542,59543,59545],{"id":58290,"depth":113,"text":58291},{"id":58389,"depth":113,"text":59544},"1 and True can match",{"id":58488,"depth":113,"text":58489},{"id":58566,"depth":106,"text":58567,"children":59547},[59548,59549,59550,59551],{"id":58570,"depth":113,"text":58571},{"id":58649,"depth":113,"text":58650},{"id":58746,"depth":113,"text":58747},{"id":58821,"depth":113,"text":58822},{"id":58922,"depth":106,"text":59553},"When to use count()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":59555},[59556,59557,59559,59560],{"id":59053,"depth":113,"text":59054},{"id":59142,"depth":113,"text":59558},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59229,"depth":113,"text":59230},{"id":59302,"depth":113,"text":59561},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":59563},[59564,59566,59567,59569,59571],{"id":59436,"depth":113,"text":59565},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59445,"depth":113,"text":59446},{"id":59453,"depth":113,"text":59568},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59462,"depth":113,"text":59570},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59475,"depth":113,"text":59572},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57831,"description":59574},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59581,"title":59582,"body":59583,"description":61546,"extension":2749,"meta":61547,"navigation":109,"path":61548,"seo":61549,"stem":61550,"__hash__":61551},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59584,"toc":61509},[59585,59588,59591,59593,59721,59725,59806,59817,59819,59838,59842,59845,59848,59866,59868,59911,59915,59940,59949,59953,59958,59961,60078,60082,60151,60155,60167,60171,60174,60215,60219,60232,60235,60320,60324,60357,60364,60370,60375,60377,60389,60393,60426,60430,60462,60466,60503,60507,60527,60531,60565,60569,60598,60609,60613,60616,60619,60632,60689,60693,60732,60738,60741,60743,60746,60750,60753,60778,60780,60805,60812,60815,60860,60864,60883,60886,60925,60932,60937,60971,60975,61076,61083,61116,61120,61146,61150,61153,61191,61194,61231,61235,61238,61257,61261,61322,61324,61342,61346,61349,61352,61381,61383,61387,61390,61398,61402,61405,61425,61431,61437,61441,61444,61451,61459,61461,61500,61506],[10,59586,59582],{"id":59587},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59589,59590],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[34,59592,4390],{"id":4389},[39,59594,59596],{"className":41,"code":59595,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59597,59598,59618,59650,59658,59676,59680,59690,59700,59711],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59599,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59601,2232],{"class":54},[48,59603,59],{"class":58},[48,59605,4404],{"class":62},[48,59607,3770],{"class":99},[48,59609,87],{"class":62},[48,59611,632],{"class":99},[48,59613,87],{"class":62},[48,59615,800],{"class":99},[48,59617,1465],{"class":62},[48,59619,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,59621,5776],{"class":54},[48,59623,59],{"class":58},[48,59625,4404],{"class":62},[48,59627,67],{"class":66},[48,59629,82],{"class":70},[48,59631,67],{"class":66},[48,59633,87],{"class":62},[48,59635,79],{"class":66},[48,59637,36479],{"class":70},[48,59639,67],{"class":66},[48,59641,87],{"class":62},[48,59643,79],{"class":66},[48,59645,36488],{"class":70},[48,59647,67],{"class":66},[48,59649,1465],{"class":62},[48,59651,59652,59654,59656],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,59653,56479],{"class":54},[48,59655,59],{"class":58},[48,59657,8607],{"class":62},[48,59659,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,59661,36629],{"class":54},[48,59663,59],{"class":58},[48,59665,1191],{"class":281},[48,59667,151],{"class":62},[48,59669,67],{"class":66},[48,59671,42103],{"class":70},[48,59673,67],{"class":66},[48,59675,162],{"class":62},[48,59677,59678],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,59679,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,59681,59682,59684,59686,59688],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,59683,276],{"class":147},[48,59685,151],{"class":62},[48,59687,2411],{"class":137},[48,59689,162],{"class":62},[48,59691,59692,59694,59696,59698],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,59693,276],{"class":147},[48,59695,151],{"class":62},[48,59697,5818],{"class":137},[48,59699,162],{"class":62},[48,59701,59702,59704,59706,59709],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,59703,276],{"class":147},[48,59705,151],{"class":62},[48,59707,59708],{"class":137},"empty_list",[48,59710,162],{"class":62},[48,59712,59713,59715,59717,59719],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,59714,276],{"class":147},[48,59716,151],{"class":62},[48,59718,36682],{"class":137},[48,59720,162],{"class":62},[20,59722,59723],{},[166,59724,168],{},[39,59726,59728],{"className":41,"code":59727,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59729,59730,59746,59774,59778],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59731,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59733,682],{"class":62},[48,59735,3770],{"class":99},[48,59737,87],{"class":62},[48,59739,632],{"class":99},[48,59741,87],{"class":62},[48,59743,800],{"class":99},[48,59745,1465],{"class":62},[48,59747,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,59749,682],{"class":62},[48,59751,311],{"class":66},[48,59753,82],{"class":70},[48,59755,311],{"class":66},[48,59757,87],{"class":62},[48,59759,320],{"class":66},[48,59761,36479],{"class":70},[48,59763,311],{"class":66},[48,59765,87],{"class":62},[48,59767,320],{"class":66},[48,59769,36488],{"class":70},[48,59771,311],{"class":66},[48,59773,1465],{"class":62},[48,59775,59776],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,59777,38838],{"class":62},[48,59779,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,59781,682],{"class":62},[48,59783,311],{"class":66},[48,59785,348],{"class":70},[48,59787,311],{"class":66},[48,59789,87],{"class":62},[48,59791,320],{"class":66},[48,59793,2059],{"class":70},[48,59795,311],{"class":66},[48,59797,87],{"class":62},[48,59799,320],{"class":66},[48,59801,2265],{"class":70},[48,59803,311],{"class":66},[48,59805,1465],{"class":62},[20,59807,59808,59809,59811,59812,59814,59815,134],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59810,4569],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59813,25312],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59816,36737],{},[34,59818,15891],{"id":15890},[209,59820,59821,59824,59827,59830,59835],{},[212,59822,59823],{},"What a list is in Python",[212,59825,59826],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[212,59828,59829],{},"How to create an empty list",[212,59831,59832,59833,3086],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59834,25312],{},[212,59836,59837],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[34,59839,59841],{"id":59840},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59843,59844],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59846,59847],{},"This means:",[209,59849,59850,59853,59856,59859],{},[212,59851,59852],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[212,59854,59855],{},"The order of items is kept",[212,59857,59858],{},"A list can hold different data types",[212,59860,59861,59862,59865],{},"A list is ",[166,59863,59864],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59867,226],{},[39,59869,59871],{"className":41,"code":59870,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59872,59873,59897,59901],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59874,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887,59889,59891,59893,59895],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59876,8549],{"class":54},[48,59878,59],{"class":58},[48,59880,4404],{"class":62},[48,59882,67],{"class":66},[48,59884,1128],{"class":70},[48,59886,67],{"class":66},[48,59888,87],{"class":62},[48,59890,2493],{"class":99},[48,59892,87],{"class":62},[48,59894,4697],{"class":1642},[48,59896,1465],{"class":62},[48,59898,59899],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,59900,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,59902,59903,59905,59907,59909],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,59904,276],{"class":147},[48,59906,151],{"class":62},[48,59908,138],{"class":137},[48,59910,162],{"class":62},[20,59912,59913],{},[166,59914,168],{},[39,59916,59918],{"className":41,"code":59917,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59919,59920],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59921,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59923,682],{"class":62},[48,59925,311],{"class":66},[48,59927,1128],{"class":70},[48,59929,311],{"class":66},[48,59931,87],{"class":62},[48,59933,2493],{"class":99},[48,59935,87],{"class":62},[48,59937,4697],{"class":1642},[48,59939,1465],{"class":62},[20,59941,59942,59943,352,59946,134],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[348,59944,59945],{"href":51526},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[348,59947,59948],{"href":59043},"What is a List in Python?",[34,59950,59952],{"id":59951},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59954,59808,59955,59957],{},[15,59956,4569],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59959,59960],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[39,59962,59964],{"className":41,"code":59963,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59965,59966,59986,60018,60043,60047,60057,60067],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59967,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59969,2232],{"class":54},[48,59971,59],{"class":58},[48,59973,4404],{"class":62},[48,59975,3770],{"class":99},[48,59977,87],{"class":62},[48,59979,632],{"class":99},[48,59981,87],{"class":62},[48,59983,800],{"class":99},[48,59985,1465],{"class":62},[48,59987,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996,59998,60000,60002,60004,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,59989,5776],{"class":54},[48,59991,59],{"class":58},[48,59993,4404],{"class":62},[48,59995,67],{"class":66},[48,59997,82],{"class":70},[48,59999,67],{"class":66},[48,60001,87],{"class":62},[48,60003,79],{"class":66},[48,60005,36479],{"class":70},[48,60007,67],{"class":66},[48,60009,87],{"class":62},[48,60011,79],{"class":66},[48,60013,36488],{"class":70},[48,60015,67],{"class":66},[48,60017,1465],{"class":62},[48,60019,60020,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,60021,60022],{"class":54},"mixed ",[48,60024,59],{"class":58},[48,60026,4404],{"class":62},[48,60028,3114],{"class":99},[48,60030,87],{"class":62},[48,60032,79],{"class":66},[48,60034,4628],{"class":70},[48,60036,67],{"class":66},[48,60038,87],{"class":62},[48,60040,4688],{"class":1642},[48,60042,1465],{"class":62},[48,60044,60045],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,60046,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,60048,60049,60051,60053,60055],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,60050,276],{"class":147},[48,60052,151],{"class":62},[48,60054,2411],{"class":137},[48,60056,162],{"class":62},[48,60058,60059,60061,60063,60065],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,60060,276],{"class":147},[48,60062,151],{"class":62},[48,60064,5818],{"class":137},[48,60066,162],{"class":62},[48,60068,60069,60071,60073,60076],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,60070,276],{"class":147},[48,60072,151],{"class":62},[48,60074,60075],{"class":137},"mixed",[48,60077,162],{"class":62},[20,60079,60080],{},[166,60081,168],{},[39,60083,60085],{"className":41,"code":60084,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,60086,60087,60103,60131],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60088,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60090,682],{"class":62},[48,60092,3770],{"class":99},[48,60094,87],{"class":62},[48,60096,632],{"class":99},[48,60098,87],{"class":62},[48,60100,800],{"class":99},[48,60102,1465],{"class":62},[48,60104,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60106,682],{"class":62},[48,60108,311],{"class":66},[48,60110,82],{"class":70},[48,60112,311],{"class":66},[48,60114,87],{"class":62},[48,60116,320],{"class":66},[48,60118,36479],{"class":70},[48,60120,311],{"class":66},[48,60122,87],{"class":62},[48,60124,320],{"class":66},[48,60126,36488],{"class":70},[48,60128,311],{"class":66},[48,60130,1465],{"class":62},[48,60132,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,60134,682],{"class":62},[48,60136,3114],{"class":99},[48,60138,87],{"class":62},[48,60140,320],{"class":66},[48,60142,4628],{"class":70},[48,60144,311],{"class":66},[48,60146,87],{"class":62},[48,60148,4688],{"class":1642},[48,60150,1465],{"class":62},[1752,60152,60154],{"id":60153},"key-points","Key points",[209,60156,60157,60162,60164],{},[212,60158,189,60159,60161],{},[15,60160,4569],{}," to make a new list",[212,60163,16161],{},[212,60165,60166],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[34,60168,60170],{"id":60169},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,60172,60173],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[39,60175,60177],{"className":41,"code":60176,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,60178,60179,60187,60191,60201],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60180,60181,60183,60185],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60182,9075],{"class":54},[48,60184,59],{"class":58},[48,60186,8607],{"class":62},[48,60188,60189],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60190,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,60192,60193,60195,60197,60199],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,60194,276],{"class":147},[48,60196,151],{"class":62},[48,60198,9106],{"class":137},[48,60200,162],{"class":62},[48,60202,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,60204,276],{"class":147},[48,60206,151],{"class":62},[48,60208,11914],{"class":147},[48,60210,151],{"class":62},[48,60212,9106],{"class":137},[48,60214,670],{"class":62},[20,60216,60217],{},[166,60218,168],{},[39,60220,60222],{"className":41,"code":60221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[]\n0\n",[15,60223,60224,60228],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60225,60226],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60227,38838],{"class":62},[48,60229,60230],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60231,47797],{"class":99},[20,60233,60234],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[39,60236,60238],{"className":41,"code":60237,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60239,60240,60248,60252,60270,60288,60306,60310],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60241,60242,60244,60246],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60243,5776],{"class":54},[48,60245,59],{"class":58},[48,60247,8607],{"class":62},[48,60249,60250],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60251,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,60253,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,60255,5818],{"class":54},[48,60257,134],{"class":62},[48,60259,14287],{"class":137},[48,60261,151],{"class":62},[48,60263,67],{"class":66},[48,60265,82],{"class":70},[48,60267,67],{"class":66},[48,60269,162],{"class":62},[48,60271,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,60273,5818],{"class":54},[48,60275,134],{"class":62},[48,60277,14287],{"class":137},[48,60279,151],{"class":62},[48,60281,67],{"class":66},[48,60283,36479],{"class":70},[48,60285,67],{"class":66},[48,60287,162],{"class":62},[48,60289,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,60291,5818],{"class":54},[48,60293,134],{"class":62},[48,60295,14287],{"class":137},[48,60297,151],{"class":62},[48,60299,67],{"class":66},[48,60301,36488],{"class":70},[48,60303,67],{"class":66},[48,60305,162],{"class":62},[48,60307,60308],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,60309,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,60311,60312,60314,60316,60318],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,60313,276],{"class":147},[48,60315,151],{"class":62},[48,60317,5818],{"class":137},[48,60319,162],{"class":62},[20,60321,60322],{},[166,60323,168],{},[39,60325,60327],{"className":41,"code":60326,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60328,60329],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60330,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60332,682],{"class":62},[48,60334,311],{"class":66},[48,60336,82],{"class":70},[48,60338,311],{"class":66},[48,60340,87],{"class":62},[48,60342,320],{"class":66},[48,60344,36479],{"class":70},[48,60346,311],{"class":66},[48,60348,87],{"class":62},[48,60350,320],{"class":66},[48,60352,36488],{"class":70},[48,60354,311],{"class":66},[48,60356,1465],{"class":62},[20,60358,60359,60360,134],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[348,60361,60362,2689],{"href":57317},[15,60363,53200],{},[34,60365,60367,60368],{"id":60366},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60369,25312],{},[20,60371,189,60372,60374],{},[15,60373,25312],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60376,6234],{},[209,60378,60379,60381,60383,60385],{},[212,60380,6087],{},[212,60382,6081],{},[212,60384,6084],{},[212,60386,60387],{},[15,60388,36737],{},[1752,60390,60392],{"id":60391},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[39,60394,60396],{"className":41,"code":60395,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60397,60398,60416],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60399,60400,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60401,36629],{"class":54},[48,60403,59],{"class":58},[48,60405,1191],{"class":281},[48,60407,151],{"class":62},[48,60409,67],{"class":66},[48,60411,42103],{"class":70},[48,60413,67],{"class":66},[48,60415,162],{"class":62},[48,60417,60418,60420,60422,60424],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60419,276],{"class":147},[48,60421,151],{"class":62},[48,60423,36682],{"class":137},[48,60425,162],{"class":62},[20,60427,60428],{},[166,60429,168],{},[39,60431,60432],{"className":41,"code":43419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,60433,60434],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60435,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60437,682],{"class":62},[48,60439,311],{"class":66},[48,60441,348],{"class":70},[48,60443,311],{"class":66},[48,60445,87],{"class":62},[48,60447,320],{"class":66},[48,60449,2059],{"class":70},[48,60451,311],{"class":66},[48,60453,87],{"class":62},[48,60455,320],{"class":66},[48,60457,2265],{"class":70},[48,60459,311],{"class":66},[48,60461,1465],{"class":62},[1752,60463,60465],{"id":60464},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[39,60467,60469],{"className":41,"code":60468,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60470,60471,60493],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60472,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489,60491],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60474,2232],{"class":54},[48,60476,59],{"class":58},[48,60478,1191],{"class":281},[48,60480,6287],{"class":62},[48,60482,3770],{"class":99},[48,60484,87],{"class":62},[48,60486,632],{"class":99},[48,60488,87],{"class":62},[48,60490,800],{"class":99},[48,60492,670],{"class":62},[48,60494,60495,60497,60499,60501],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60496,276],{"class":147},[48,60498,151],{"class":62},[48,60500,2411],{"class":137},[48,60502,162],{"class":62},[20,60504,60505],{},[166,60506,168],{},[39,60508,60509],{"className":41,"code":55698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,60510,60511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60512,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60525],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60514,682],{"class":62},[48,60516,3770],{"class":99},[48,60518,87],{"class":62},[48,60520,632],{"class":99},[48,60522,87],{"class":62},[48,60524,800],{"class":99},[48,60526,1465],{"class":62},[1752,60528,60530],{"id":60529},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[39,60532,60534],{"className":41,"code":60533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60535,60536,60555],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60537,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546,60549,60551,60553],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60539,4605],{"class":54},[48,60541,59],{"class":58},[48,60543,1191],{"class":281},[48,60545,151],{"class":62},[48,60547,60548],{"class":147},"range",[48,60550,151],{"class":62},[48,60552,2921],{"class":99},[48,60554,670],{"class":62},[48,60556,60557,60559,60561,60563],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60558,276],{"class":147},[48,60560,151],{"class":62},[48,60562,1415],{"class":137},[48,60564,162],{"class":62},[20,60566,60567],{},[166,60568,168],{},[39,60570,60572],{"className":41,"code":60571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60573,60574],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60575,60576,60578,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60577,682],{"class":62},[48,60579,2904],{"class":99},[48,60581,87],{"class":62},[48,60583,618],{"class":99},[48,60585,87],{"class":62},[48,60587,632],{"class":99},[48,60589,87],{"class":62},[48,60591,800],{"class":99},[48,60593,87],{"class":62},[48,60595,3241],{"class":99},[48,60597,1465],{"class":62},[20,60599,60600,60602,60603,134],{},[15,60601,25312],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[348,60604,60606,60608],{"href":60605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60607,25312],{},": Function Explained",[34,60610,60612],{"id":60611},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60614,60615],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60617,60618],{},"Examples include:",[209,60620,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629],{},[212,60622,6087],{},[212,60624,40966],{},[212,60626,52593],{},[212,60628,41136],{},[212,60630,60631],{},"other lists",[39,60633,60635],{"className":41,"code":60634,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60636,60637,60675,60679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60638,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60640,602],{"class":54},[48,60642,59],{"class":58},[48,60644,4404],{"class":62},[48,60646,67],{"class":66},[48,60648,82],{"class":70},[48,60650,67],{"class":66},[48,60652,87],{"class":62},[48,60654,100],{"class":99},[48,60656,87],{"class":62},[48,60658,4697],{"class":1642},[48,60660,87],{"class":62},[48,60662,4404],{"class":62},[48,60664,3770],{"class":99},[48,60666,87],{"class":62},[48,60668,632],{"class":99},[48,60670,87],{"class":62},[48,60672,800],{"class":99},[48,60674,53790],{"class":62},[48,60676,60677],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60678,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,60680,60681,60683,60685,60687],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,60682,276],{"class":147},[48,60684,151],{"class":62},[48,60686,679],{"class":137},[48,60688,162],{"class":62},[20,60690,60691],{},[166,60692,168],{},[39,60694,60696],{"className":41,"code":60695,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60697,60698],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60699,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60714,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60701,682],{"class":62},[48,60703,311],{"class":66},[48,60705,82],{"class":70},[48,60707,311],{"class":66},[48,60709,87],{"class":62},[48,60711,100],{"class":99},[48,60713,87],{"class":62},[48,60715,4697],{"class":1642},[48,60717,87],{"class":62},[48,60719,4404],{"class":62},[48,60721,3770],{"class":99},[48,60723,87],{"class":62},[48,60725,632],{"class":99},[48,60727,87],{"class":62},[48,60729,800],{"class":99},[48,60731,53790],{"class":62},[20,60733,60734,60735,134],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[166,60736,60737],{},"nested list",[20,60739,60740],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[34,60742,5300],{"id":5299},[20,60744,60745],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1752,60747,60749],{"id":60748},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60751,60752],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[39,60754,60756],{"className":41,"code":60755,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60757,60758,60762],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60759,60760],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60761,5317],{"class":4445},[48,60763,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60765,2232],{"class":54},[48,60767,59],{"class":58},[48,60769,4404],{"class":62},[48,60771,3770],{"class":99},[48,60773,632],{"class":99},[48,60775,800],{"class":99},[48,60777,1465],{"class":62},[20,60779,11559],{},[39,60781,60783],{"className":41,"code":60782,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60784,60785],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60786,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60788,2232],{"class":54},[48,60790,59],{"class":58},[48,60792,4404],{"class":62},[48,60794,3770],{"class":99},[48,60796,87],{"class":62},[48,60798,632],{"class":99},[48,60800,87],{"class":62},[48,60802,800],{"class":99},[48,60804,1465],{"class":62},[1752,60806,9185,60808,11844,60810],{"id":60807},"using-instead-of",[15,60809,8135],{},[15,60811,4569],{},[20,60813,60814],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[39,60816,60818],{"className":41,"code":60817,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60819,60820,60841,60845],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60821,60822,60825,60827,60829,60831,60833,60835,60837,60839],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60823,60824],{"class":54},"my_values ",[48,60826,59],{"class":58},[48,60828,330],{"class":62},[48,60830,3770],{"class":99},[48,60832,87],{"class":62},[48,60834,632],{"class":99},[48,60836,87],{"class":62},[48,60838,800],{"class":99},[48,60840,162],{"class":62},[48,60842,60843],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60844,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,60846,60847,60849,60851,60853,60855,60858],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,60848,276],{"class":147},[48,60850,151],{"class":62},[48,60852,2094],{"class":281},[48,60854,151],{"class":62},[48,60856,60857],{"class":137},"my_values",[48,60859,670],{"class":62},[20,60861,60862],{},[166,60863,168],{},[39,60865,60867],{"className":41,"code":60866,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60868,60869],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60870,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879,60881],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60872,2168],{"class":58},[48,60874,2171],{"class":915},[48,60876,320],{"class":66},[48,60878,49499],{"class":70},[48,60880,311],{"class":66},[48,60882,2180],{"class":58},[20,60884,60885],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[39,60887,60889],{"className":41,"code":60888,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60890,60891,60911],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60892,60893,60895,60897,60899,60901,60903,60905,60907,60909],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60894,60824],{"class":54},[48,60896,59],{"class":58},[48,60898,4404],{"class":62},[48,60900,3770],{"class":99},[48,60902,87],{"class":62},[48,60904,632],{"class":99},[48,60906,87],{"class":62},[48,60908,800],{"class":99},[48,60910,1465],{"class":62},[48,60912,60913,60915,60917,60919,60921,60923],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60914,276],{"class":147},[48,60916,151],{"class":62},[48,60918,2094],{"class":281},[48,60920,151],{"class":62},[48,60922,60857],{"class":137},[48,60924,670],{"class":62},[1752,60926,2015,60928,60931],{"id":60927},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60929,60930],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60933,60934,60936],{},[15,60935,25312],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[39,60938,60940],{"className":41,"code":60939,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60941,60942,60961],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60943,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954,60957,60959],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60945,449],{"class":54},[48,60947,59],{"class":58},[48,60949,1191],{"class":281},[48,60951,151],{"class":62},[48,60953,67],{"class":66},[48,60955,60956],{"class":70},"hello world",[48,60958,67],{"class":66},[48,60960,162],{"class":62},[48,60962,60963,60965,60967,60969],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,60964,276],{"class":147},[48,60966,151],{"class":62},[48,60968,474],{"class":137},[48,60970,162],{"class":62},[20,60972,60973],{},[166,60974,168],{},[39,60976,60978],{"className":41,"code":60977,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60979,60980],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60981,60982,60984,60986,60989,60991,60993,60995,60998,61000,61002,61004,61007,61009,61011,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021,61024,61026,61028,61030,61032,61034,61036,61039,61041,61043,61045,61047,61049,61051,61053,61056,61058,61060,61062,61064,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60983,682],{"class":62},[48,60985,311],{"class":66},[48,60987,60988],{"class":70},"h",[48,60990,311],{"class":66},[48,60992,87],{"class":62},[48,60994,320],{"class":66},[48,60996,60997],{"class":70},"e",[48,60999,311],{"class":66},[48,61001,87],{"class":62},[48,61003,320],{"class":66},[48,61005,61006],{"class":70},"l",[48,61008,311],{"class":66},[48,61010,87],{"class":62},[48,61012,320],{"class":66},[48,61014,61006],{"class":70},[48,61016,311],{"class":66},[48,61018,87],{"class":62},[48,61020,320],{"class":66},[48,61022,61023],{"class":70},"o",[48,61025,311],{"class":66},[48,61027,87],{"class":62},[48,61029,320],{"class":66},[48,61031,320],{"class":66},[48,61033,87],{"class":62},[48,61035,320],{"class":66},[48,61037,61038],{"class":70},"w",[48,61040,311],{"class":66},[48,61042,87],{"class":62},[48,61044,320],{"class":66},[48,61046,61023],{"class":70},[48,61048,311],{"class":66},[48,61050,87],{"class":62},[48,61052,320],{"class":66},[48,61054,61055],{"class":70},"r",[48,61057,311],{"class":66},[48,61059,87],{"class":62},[48,61061,320],{"class":66},[48,61063,61006],{"class":70},[48,61065,311],{"class":66},[48,61067,87],{"class":62},[48,61069,320],{"class":66},[48,61071,2324],{"class":70},[48,61073,311],{"class":66},[48,61075,1465],{"class":62},[20,61077,61078,61079,61082],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,61080,61081],{},"split()"," instead:",[39,61084,61086],{"className":41,"code":61085,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,61087,61088,61106],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61089,61090,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102,61104],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61091,4852],{"class":54},[48,61093,59],{"class":58},[48,61095,79],{"class":66},[48,61097,60956],{"class":70},[48,61099,67],{"class":66},[48,61101,134],{"class":62},[48,61103,35005],{"class":137},[48,61105,380],{"class":62},[48,61107,61108,61110,61112,61114],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,61109,276],{"class":147},[48,61111,151],{"class":62},[48,61113,4894],{"class":137},[48,61115,162],{"class":62},[20,61117,61118],{},[166,61119,168],{},[39,61121,61123],{"className":41,"code":61122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61124,61125],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61126,61127,61129,61131,61133,61135,61137,61139,61142,61144],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61128,682],{"class":62},[48,61130,311],{"class":66},[48,61132,4628],{"class":70},[48,61134,311],{"class":66},[48,61136,87],{"class":62},[48,61138,320],{"class":66},[48,61140,61141],{"class":70},"world",[48,61143,311],{"class":66},[48,61145,1465],{"class":62},[1752,61147,61149],{"id":61148},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,61151,61152],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[39,61154,61156],{"className":41,"code":61155,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61157,61158,61162],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61159,61160],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61161,5317],{"class":4445},[48,61163,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61183,61185,61187,61189],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,61165,5776],{"class":54},[48,61167,59],{"class":58},[48,61169,4404],{"class":62},[48,61171,67],{"class":66},[48,61173,82],{"class":70},[48,61175,67],{"class":66},[48,61177,87],{"class":62},[48,61179,79],{"class":66},[48,61181,61182],{"class":70},"Ben', ",[48,61184,67],{"class":66},[48,61186,36488],{"class":54},[48,61188,67],{"class":66},[48,61190,1465],{"class":70},[20,61192,61193],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[39,61195,61197],{"className":41,"code":61196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61198,61199],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61200,61201,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215,61217,61219,61221,61223,61225,61227,61229],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61202,5776],{"class":54},[48,61204,59],{"class":58},[48,61206,4404],{"class":62},[48,61208,67],{"class":66},[48,61210,82],{"class":70},[48,61212,67],{"class":66},[48,61214,87],{"class":62},[48,61216,79],{"class":66},[48,61218,36479],{"class":70},[48,61220,67],{"class":66},[48,61222,87],{"class":62},[48,61224,79],{"class":66},[48,61226,36488],{"class":70},[48,61228,67],{"class":66},[48,61230,1465],{"class":62},[1752,61232,61234],{"id":61233},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,61236,61237],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[209,61239,61240,61243,61246,61251],{},[212,61241,61242],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[212,61244,61245],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[212,61247,61248,61249],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61250,25312],{},[212,61252,2015,61253,61256],{},[15,61254,61255],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1752,61258,61260],{"id":61259},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[39,61262,61264],{"className":41,"code":61263,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61265,61266,61276,61290,61304],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61267,61268,61270,61272,61274],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61269,276],{"class":147},[48,61271,151],{"class":62},[48,61273,9106],{"class":137},[48,61275,162],{"class":62},[48,61277,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,61279,276],{"class":147},[48,61281,151],{"class":62},[48,61283,2094],{"class":281},[48,61285,151],{"class":62},[48,61287,9106],{"class":137},[48,61289,670],{"class":62},[48,61291,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,61293,276],{"class":147},[48,61295,151],{"class":62},[48,61297,11914],{"class":147},[48,61299,151],{"class":62},[48,61301,9106],{"class":137},[48,61303,670],{"class":62},[48,61305,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,61307,276],{"class":147},[48,61309,151],{"class":62},[48,61311,282],{"class":281},[48,61313,151],{"class":62},[48,61315,60548],{"class":147},[48,61317,151],{"class":62},[48,61319,2921],{"class":99},[48,61321,3693],{"class":62},[20,61323,26540],{},[209,61325,61326,61329,61332,61335],{},[212,61327,61328],{},"what the list contains",[212,61330,61331],{},"whether the value is really a list",[212,61333,61334],{},"how many items it has",[212,61336,26551,61337,61339,61340],{},[15,61338,25312],{}," does with ",[15,61341,36737],{},[34,61343,61345],{"id":61344},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61347,61348],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61350,61351],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[209,61353,61354,61369,61374],{},[212,61355,189,61356,2973,61360,17798,61364,61368],{},[348,61357,61358],{"href":57317},[15,61359,53200],{},[348,61361,61362],{"href":53892},[15,61363,53994],{},[348,61365,61366],{"href":54456},[15,61367,54816],{}," to add items later",[212,61370,189,61371,61373],{},[348,61372,59945],{"href":51526}," for a broader introduction",[212,61375,189,61376,61380],{},[348,61377,61378,60608],{"href":60605},[15,61379,25312],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[34,61382,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,61384,61386],{"id":61385},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61388,61389],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[39,61391,61392],{"className":41,"code":38838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,61393,61394],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61395,61396],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61397,38838],{"class":62},[1752,61399,61401],{"id":61400},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61403,61404],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[39,61406,61407],{"className":41,"code":55698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,61408,61409],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61410,61411,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61412,682],{"class":62},[48,61414,3770],{"class":99},[48,61416,87],{"class":62},[48,61418,632],{"class":99},[48,61420,87],{"class":62},[48,61422,800],{"class":99},[48,61424,1465],{"class":62},[1752,61426,5920,61428,61430],{"id":61427},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61429,25312],{}," do in Python?",[20,61432,61433,61434,61436],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61435,36737],{},", into a list.",[1752,61438,61440],{"id":61439},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61442,61443],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1752,61445,5957,61447,5174,61449,2623],{"id":61446},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61448,4569],{},[15,61450,8135],{},[20,61452,61453,61455,61456,61458],{},[15,61454,4569],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61457,8135],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[34,61460,2679],{"id":2678},[209,61462,61463,61467,61473,61479,61485,61491,61495],{},[212,61464,61465],{},[348,61466,59945],{"href":51526},[212,61468,61469],{},[348,61470,56068,61471,18],{"href":57317},[15,61472,53200],{},[212,61474,61475],{},[348,61476,56068,61477,18],{"href":53892},[15,61478,53994],{},[212,61480,61481],{},[348,61482,56068,61483,18],{"href":54456},[15,61484,54816],{},[212,61486,61487],{},[348,61488,4356,61489,4360],{"href":60605},[15,61490,25312],{},[212,61492,61493],{},[348,61494,59948],{"href":59043},[212,61496,61497],{},[348,61498,61499],{"href":12810},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61501,61502,61503,61505],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61504,53200],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2711,61507,61508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":61510},[61511,61512,61513,61514,61517,61518,61524,61525,61535,61536,61545],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":15890,"depth":106,"text":15891},{"id":59840,"depth":106,"text":59841},{"id":59951,"depth":106,"text":59952,"children":61515},[61516],{"id":60153,"depth":113,"text":60154},{"id":60169,"depth":106,"text":60170},{"id":60366,"depth":106,"text":61519,"children":61520},"Create a list with list()",[61521,61522,61523],{"id":60391,"depth":113,"text":60392},{"id":60464,"depth":113,"text":60465},{"id":60529,"depth":113,"text":60530},{"id":60611,"depth":106,"text":60612},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":61526},[61527,61528,61530,61532,61533,61534],{"id":60748,"depth":113,"text":60749},{"id":60807,"depth":113,"text":61529},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60927,"depth":113,"text":61531},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61148,"depth":113,"text":61149},{"id":61233,"depth":113,"text":61234},{"id":61259,"depth":113,"text":61260},{"id":61344,"depth":106,"text":61345},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":61537},[61538,61539,61540,61542,61543],{"id":61385,"depth":113,"text":61386},{"id":61400,"depth":113,"text":61401},{"id":61427,"depth":113,"text":61541},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61439,"depth":113,"text":61440},{"id":61446,"depth":113,"text":61544},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59582,"description":61546},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61553,"title":61554,"body":61555,"description":63296,"extension":2749,"meta":63297,"navigation":109,"path":63298,"seo":63299,"stem":63300,"__hash__":63301},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61556,"toc":63251},[61557,61562,61567,61570,61572,61643,61648,61653,61657,61671,61676,61678,61698,61703,61706,61729,61733,61738,61830,61832,61854,61860,61866,61873,61880,61886,61943,61949,62007,62009,62021,62029,62035,62040,62044,62101,62104,62108,62167,62170,62174,62232,62244,62248,62301,62304,62308,62314,62320,62382,62385,62446,62449,62505,62510,62512,62516,62523,62584,62589,62598,62654,62661,62665,62723,62732,62790,62794,62829,62833,62843,62846,62901,62915,62918,63033,63038,63042,63053,63055,63134,63144,63146,63151,63156,63163,63171,63177,63180,63186,63189,63195,63201,63203,63239,63248],[10,61558,54890,61560,18],{"id":61559},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61561,53994],{},[20,61563,61564,61566],{},[15,61565,53895],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61568,61569],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[34,61571,37],{"id":36},[39,61573,61575],{"className":41,"code":61574,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61576,61577,61593,61610,61614,61629,61639],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61578,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589,61591],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61580,2232],{"class":54},[48,61582,59],{"class":58},[48,61584,4404],{"class":62},[48,61586,3770],{"class":99},[48,61588,87],{"class":62},[48,61590,632],{"class":99},[48,61592,1465],{"class":62},[48,61594,61595,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,61596,61597],{"class":54},"more_numbers ",[48,61599,59],{"class":58},[48,61601,4404],{"class":62},[48,61603,2848],{"class":99},[48,61605,87],{"class":62},[48,61607,3241],{"class":99},[48,61609,1465],{"class":62},[48,61611,61612],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,61613,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,61615,61616,61618,61620,61622,61624,61627],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,61617,2411],{"class":54},[48,61619,134],{"class":62},[48,61621,54024],{"class":137},[48,61623,151],{"class":62},[48,61625,61626],{"class":137},"more_numbers",[48,61628,162],{"class":62},[48,61630,61631,61633,61635,61637],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,61632,276],{"class":147},[48,61634,151],{"class":62},[48,61636,2411],{"class":137},[48,61638,162],{"class":62},[48,61640,61641],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,61642,53271],{"class":4445},[20,61644,189,61645,61647],{},[15,61646,53994],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[34,61649,196,61651,199],{"id":61650},"what-listextend-does",[15,61652,53895],{},[20,61654,61655,76],{},[15,61656,53994],{},[209,61658,61659,61662,61664,61667],{},[212,61660,61661],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[212,61663,54976],{},[212,61665,61666],{},"Does not create a new list",[212,61668,12175,61669],{},[15,61670,4560],{},[20,61672,61673,61674,54349],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61675,53994],{},[34,61677,360],{"id":359},[39,61679,61681],{"className":41,"code":61680,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61682,61683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61684,61685,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61686,61687],{"class":54},"list_name",[48,61689,134],{"class":62},[48,61691,54024],{"class":137},[48,61693,151],{"class":62},[48,61695,4502],{"class":137},[48,61697,162],{"class":62},[20,61699,6229,61700,61702],{},[166,61701,4502],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61704,61705],{},"Common iterables include:",[209,61707,61708,61712,61716,61720,61725],{},[212,61709,61710],{},[15,61711,282],{},[212,61713,61714],{},[15,61715,49499],{},[212,61717,61718],{},[15,61719,7062],{},[212,61721,61722],{},[15,61723,61724],{},"string",[212,61726,61727],{},[15,61728,60548],{},[34,61730,61732],{"id":61731},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61734,61735,61736,76],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61737,53994],{},[39,61739,61741],{"className":41,"code":61740,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61742,61743,61767,61792,61796,61811,61815,61825],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61744,61745,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755,61757,61759,61761,61763,61765],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61746,36778],{"class":54},[48,61748,59],{"class":58},[48,61750,4404],{"class":62},[48,61752,67],{"class":66},[48,61754,1128],{"class":70},[48,61756,67],{"class":66},[48,61758,87],{"class":62},[48,61760,79],{"class":66},[48,61762,1146],{"class":70},[48,61764,67],{"class":66},[48,61766,1465],{"class":62},[48,61768,61769,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784,61786,61788,61790],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,61770,61771],{"class":54},"more_fruits ",[48,61773,59],{"class":58},[48,61775,4404],{"class":62},[48,61777,67],{"class":66},[48,61779,33756],{"class":70},[48,61781,67],{"class":66},[48,61783,87],{"class":62},[48,61785,79],{"class":66},[48,61787,1164],{"class":70},[48,61789,67],{"class":66},[48,61791,1465],{"class":62},[48,61793,61794],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,61795,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,61797,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61809],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,61799,36830],{"class":54},[48,61801,134],{"class":62},[48,61803,54024],{"class":137},[48,61805,151],{"class":62},[48,61807,61808],{"class":137},"more_fruits",[48,61810,162],{"class":62},[48,61812,61813],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,61814,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,61816,61817,61819,61821,61823],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,61818,276],{"class":147},[48,61820,151],{"class":62},[48,61822,36830],{"class":137},[48,61824,162],{"class":62},[48,61826,61827],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,61828,61829],{"class":4445},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61831,12431],{},[209,61833,61834,61839,61844],{},[212,61835,61836,61838],{},[15,61837,36830],{}," starts with two items",[212,61840,61841,61843],{},[15,61842,61808],{}," has two more items",[212,61845,61846,61848,61849,61851,61852],{},[15,61847,53994],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61850,61808],{}," to ",[15,61853,36830],{},[20,61855,61856,61857,61859],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61858,36830],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61861,55115,61862,5174,61864,134],{},[348,61863,53319],{"href":51526},[348,61865,57703],{"href":57702},[34,61867,61869,1306,61871],{"id":61868},"extend-vs-append",[15,61870,53994],{},[15,61872,53200],{},[20,61874,61875,5174,61877,61879],{},[15,61876,53994],{},[15,61878,53200],{}," are often confused.",[1752,61881,61883,61885],{"id":61882},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61884,53994],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[39,61887,61889],{"className":41,"code":61888,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61890,61891,61907,61925,61929,61939],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61892,61893,61895,61897,61899,61901,61903,61905],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61894,2232],{"class":54},[48,61896,59],{"class":58},[48,61898,4404],{"class":62},[48,61900,3770],{"class":99},[48,61902,87],{"class":62},[48,61904,632],{"class":99},[48,61906,1465],{"class":62},[48,61908,61909,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919,61921,61923],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,61910,2411],{"class":54},[48,61912,134],{"class":62},[48,61914,54024],{"class":137},[48,61916,3767],{"class":62},[48,61918,2848],{"class":99},[48,61920,87],{"class":62},[48,61922,3241],{"class":99},[48,61924,4670],{"class":62},[48,61926,61927],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,61928,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,61930,61931,61933,61935,61937],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,61932,276],{"class":147},[48,61934,151],{"class":62},[48,61936,2411],{"class":137},[48,61938,162],{"class":62},[48,61940,61941],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,61942,53271],{"class":4445},[1752,61944,61946,61948],{"id":61945},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61947,53200],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[39,61950,61952],{"className":41,"code":61951,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61953,61954,61970,61988,61992,62002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962,61964,61966,61968],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61957,2232],{"class":54},[48,61959,59],{"class":58},[48,61961,4404],{"class":62},[48,61963,3770],{"class":99},[48,61965,87],{"class":62},[48,61967,632],{"class":99},[48,61969,1465],{"class":62},[48,61971,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980,61982,61984,61986],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,61973,2411],{"class":54},[48,61975,134],{"class":62},[48,61977,14287],{"class":137},[48,61979,3767],{"class":62},[48,61981,2848],{"class":99},[48,61983,87],{"class":62},[48,61985,3241],{"class":99},[48,61987,4670],{"class":62},[48,61989,61990],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,61991,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,61993,61994,61996,61998,62000],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,61995,276],{"class":147},[48,61997,151],{"class":62},[48,61999,2411],{"class":137},[48,62001,162],{"class":62},[48,62003,62004],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62005,62006],{"class":4445},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,62008,19416],{},[209,62010,62011,62016],{},[212,62012,62013,62015],{},[15,62014,53994],{}," to combine values",[212,62017,62018,62020],{},[15,62019,53200],{}," to add one item",[20,62022,42636,62023,5174,62027,134],{},[348,62024,56068,62025,2689],{"href":57317},[15,62026,53200],{},[348,62028,53597],{"href":53596},[34,62030,9185,62032,62034],{"id":62031},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,62033,53994],{}," with different iterables",[20,62036,62037,62039],{},[15,62038,53994],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1752,62041,62043],{"id":62042},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[39,62045,62047],{"className":41,"code":62046,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62048,62049,62065,62083,62087,62097],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62050,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62052,4605],{"class":54},[48,62054,59],{"class":58},[48,62056,4404],{"class":62},[48,62058,3770],{"class":99},[48,62060,87],{"class":62},[48,62062,632],{"class":99},[48,62064,1465],{"class":62},[48,62066,62067,62069,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62068,1415],{"class":54},[48,62070,134],{"class":62},[48,62072,54024],{"class":137},[48,62074,6287],{"class":62},[48,62076,2848],{"class":99},[48,62078,87],{"class":62},[48,62080,3241],{"class":99},[48,62082,670],{"class":62},[48,62084,62085],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62086,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62088,62089,62091,62093,62095],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62090,276],{"class":147},[48,62092,151],{"class":62},[48,62094,1415],{"class":137},[48,62096,162],{"class":62},[48,62098,62099],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62100,53271],{"class":4445},[20,62102,62103],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1752,62105,62107],{"id":62106},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[39,62109,62111],{"className":41,"code":62110,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62112,62113,62129,62148,62152,62162],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62114,62115,62117,62119,62121,62123,62125,62127],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62116,36629],{"class":54},[48,62118,59],{"class":58},[48,62120,4404],{"class":62},[48,62122,67],{"class":66},[48,62124,348],{"class":70},[48,62126,67],{"class":66},[48,62128,1465],{"class":62},[48,62130,62131,62133,62135,62137,62139,62141,62144,62146],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62132,36682],{"class":54},[48,62134,134],{"class":62},[48,62136,54024],{"class":137},[48,62138,151],{"class":62},[48,62140,67],{"class":66},[48,62142,62143],{"class":70},"bc",[48,62145,67],{"class":66},[48,62147,162],{"class":62},[48,62149,62150],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62151,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62153,62154,62156,62158,62160],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62155,276],{"class":147},[48,62157,151],{"class":62},[48,62159,36682],{"class":137},[48,62161,162],{"class":62},[48,62163,62164],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62165,62166],{"class":4445},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,62168,62169],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1752,62171,62173],{"id":62172},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[39,62175,62177],{"className":41,"code":62176,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,62178,62179,62191,62213,62217,62227],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62180,62181,62183,62185,62187,62189],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62182,2232],{"class":54},[48,62184,59],{"class":58},[48,62186,4404],{"class":62},[48,62188,2904],{"class":99},[48,62190,1465],{"class":62},[48,62192,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205,62207,62209,62211],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62194,2411],{"class":54},[48,62196,134],{"class":62},[48,62198,54024],{"class":137},[48,62200,151],{"class":62},[48,62202,60548],{"class":147},[48,62204,151],{"class":62},[48,62206,3770],{"class":99},[48,62208,87],{"class":62},[48,62210,3241],{"class":99},[48,62212,670],{"class":62},[48,62214,62215],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62216,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62218,62219,62221,62223,62225],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62220,276],{"class":147},[48,62222,151],{"class":62},[48,62224,2411],{"class":137},[48,62226,162],{"class":62},[48,62228,62229],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62230,62231],{"class":4445},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,62233,62234,62237,62238,2973,62240,17798,62242,134],{},[15,62235,62236],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62239,3770],{},[15,62241,2842],{},[15,62243,2848],{},[1752,62245,62247],{"id":62246},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[39,62249,62251],{"className":41,"code":62250,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62252,62253,62269,62287,62291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62254,62255,62257,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62256,8549],{"class":54},[48,62258,59],{"class":58},[48,62260,4404],{"class":62},[48,62262,3770],{"class":99},[48,62264,87],{"class":62},[48,62266,632],{"class":99},[48,62268,1465],{"class":62},[48,62270,62271,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283,62285],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62272,138],{"class":54},[48,62274,134],{"class":62},[48,62276,54024],{"class":137},[48,62278,6306],{"class":62},[48,62280,2848],{"class":99},[48,62282,87],{"class":62},[48,62284,3241],{"class":99},[48,62286,31030],{"class":62},[48,62288,62289],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62290,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62292,62293,62295,62297,62299],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62294,276],{"class":147},[48,62296,151],{"class":62},[48,62298,138],{"class":137},[48,62300,162],{"class":62},[20,62302,62303],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[34,62305,62307],{"id":62306},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62309,62310,3181,62312,134],{},[15,62311,53994],{},[15,62313,4560],{},[20,62315,62316,62317,76],{},"That means this is ",[166,62318,62319],{},"wrong",[39,62321,62323],{"className":41,"code":62322,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62324,62325,62341,62363,62367,62377],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62326,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62328,2232],{"class":54},[48,62330,59],{"class":58},[48,62332,4404],{"class":62},[48,62334,3770],{"class":99},[48,62336,87],{"class":62},[48,62338,632],{"class":99},[48,62340,1465],{"class":62},[48,62342,62343,62345,62347,62349,62351,62353,62355,62357,62359,62361],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62344,449],{"class":54},[48,62346,59],{"class":58},[48,62348,2292],{"class":54},[48,62350,134],{"class":62},[48,62352,54024],{"class":137},[48,62354,3767],{"class":62},[48,62356,2848],{"class":99},[48,62358,87],{"class":62},[48,62360,3241],{"class":99},[48,62362,4670],{"class":62},[48,62364,62365],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62366,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62368,62369,62371,62373,62375],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62370,276],{"class":147},[48,62372,151],{"class":62},[48,62374,474],{"class":137},[48,62376,162],{"class":62},[48,62378,62379],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62380,62381],{"class":4445},"# None\n",[20,62383,62384],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[39,62386,62388],{"className":41,"code":62387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62389,62390,62406,62428,62432,62442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62391,62392,62394,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62393,2232],{"class":54},[48,62395,59],{"class":58},[48,62397,4404],{"class":62},[48,62399,3770],{"class":99},[48,62401,87],{"class":62},[48,62403,632],{"class":99},[48,62405,1465],{"class":62},[48,62407,62408,62410,62412,62414,62416,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62409,2232],{"class":54},[48,62411,59],{"class":58},[48,62413,2292],{"class":54},[48,62415,134],{"class":62},[48,62417,54024],{"class":137},[48,62419,3767],{"class":62},[48,62421,2848],{"class":99},[48,62423,87],{"class":62},[48,62425,3241],{"class":99},[48,62427,4670],{"class":62},[48,62429,62430],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62431,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62433,62434,62436,62438,62440],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62435,276],{"class":147},[48,62437,151],{"class":62},[48,62439,2411],{"class":137},[48,62441,162],{"class":62},[48,62443,62444],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62445,62381],{"class":4445},[20,62447,62448],{},"The correct way is:",[39,62450,62451],{"className":41,"code":61888,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,62452,62453,62469,62487,62491,62501],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62454,62455,62457,62459,62461,62463,62465,62467],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62456,2232],{"class":54},[48,62458,59],{"class":58},[48,62460,4404],{"class":62},[48,62462,3770],{"class":99},[48,62464,87],{"class":62},[48,62466,632],{"class":99},[48,62468,1465],{"class":62},[48,62470,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62472,2411],{"class":54},[48,62474,134],{"class":62},[48,62476,54024],{"class":137},[48,62478,3767],{"class":62},[48,62480,2848],{"class":99},[48,62482,87],{"class":62},[48,62484,3241],{"class":99},[48,62486,4670],{"class":62},[48,62488,62489],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62490,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62492,62493,62495,62497,62499],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62494,276],{"class":147},[48,62496,151],{"class":62},[48,62498,2411],{"class":137},[48,62500,162],{"class":62},[48,62502,62503],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62504,53271],{"class":4445},[20,62506,56457,62507,62509],{},[15,62508,53994],{}," first, then use the original list.",[34,62511,5300],{"id":5299},[20,62513,15463,62514,134],{},[15,62515,53994],{},[1752,62517,62519,62520,62522],{"id":62518},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62521,53994],{}," to return a new list",[39,62524,62526],{"className":41,"code":62525,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62527,62528,62544,62566,62570,62580],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62529,62530,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62531,2232],{"class":54},[48,62533,59],{"class":58},[48,62535,4404],{"class":62},[48,62537,3770],{"class":99},[48,62539,87],{"class":62},[48,62541,632],{"class":99},[48,62543,1465],{"class":62},[48,62545,62546,62548,62550,62552,62554,62556,62558,62560,62562,62564],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62547,56190],{"class":54},[48,62549,59],{"class":58},[48,62551,2292],{"class":54},[48,62553,134],{"class":62},[48,62555,54024],{"class":137},[48,62557,3767],{"class":62},[48,62559,2848],{"class":99},[48,62561,87],{"class":62},[48,62563,3241],{"class":99},[48,62565,4670],{"class":62},[48,62567,62568],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62569,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62571,62572,62574,62576,62578],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62573,276],{"class":147},[48,62575,151],{"class":62},[48,62577,56209],{"class":137},[48,62579,162],{"class":62},[48,62581,62582],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62583,62381],{"class":4445},[20,62585,62586,62587,134],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62588,53994],{},[1752,62590,62592,62593,45174,62595,62597],{"id":62591},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62594,53200],{},[15,62596,53994],{}," is needed",[39,62599,62600],{"className":41,"code":61951,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,62601,62602,62618,62636,62640,62650],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62603,62604,62606,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62605,2232],{"class":54},[48,62607,59],{"class":58},[48,62609,4404],{"class":62},[48,62611,3770],{"class":99},[48,62613,87],{"class":62},[48,62615,632],{"class":99},[48,62617,1465],{"class":62},[48,62619,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628,62630,62632,62634],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62621,2411],{"class":54},[48,62623,134],{"class":62},[48,62625,14287],{"class":137},[48,62627,3767],{"class":62},[48,62629,2848],{"class":99},[48,62631,87],{"class":62},[48,62633,3241],{"class":99},[48,62635,4670],{"class":62},[48,62637,62638],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62639,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62641,62642,62644,62646,62648],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62643,276],{"class":147},[48,62645,151],{"class":62},[48,62647,2411],{"class":137},[48,62649,162],{"class":62},[48,62651,62652],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62653,62006],{"class":4445},[20,62655,62656,62657,54439,62659,7401],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62658,54438],{},[15,62660,53994],{},[1752,62662,62664],{"id":62663},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[39,62666,62668],{"className":41,"code":62667,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62669,62670,62686,62704,62708,62718],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62671,62672,62674,62676,62678,62680,62682,62684],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62673,4852],{"class":54},[48,62675,59],{"class":58},[48,62677,4404],{"class":62},[48,62679,67],{"class":66},[48,62681,4628],{"class":70},[48,62683,67],{"class":66},[48,62685,1465],{"class":62},[48,62687,62688,62690,62692,62694,62696,62698,62700,62702],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62689,4894],{"class":54},[48,62691,134],{"class":62},[48,62693,54024],{"class":137},[48,62695,151],{"class":62},[48,62697,67],{"class":66},[48,62699,61141],{"class":70},[48,62701,67],{"class":66},[48,62703,162],{"class":62},[48,62705,62706],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62707,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62709,62710,62712,62714,62716],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62711,276],{"class":147},[48,62713,151],{"class":62},[48,62715,4894],{"class":137},[48,62717,162],{"class":62},[48,62719,62720],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62721,62722],{"class":4445},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62724,62725,62726,62729,62730,76],{},"If you want ",[15,62727,62728],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62731,53200],{},[39,62733,62735],{"className":41,"code":62734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62736,62737,62753,62771,62775,62785],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62738,62739,62741,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62740,4852],{"class":54},[48,62742,59],{"class":58},[48,62744,4404],{"class":62},[48,62746,67],{"class":66},[48,62748,4628],{"class":70},[48,62750,67],{"class":66},[48,62752,1465],{"class":62},[48,62754,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62756,4894],{"class":54},[48,62758,134],{"class":62},[48,62760,14287],{"class":137},[48,62762,151],{"class":62},[48,62764,67],{"class":66},[48,62766,61141],{"class":70},[48,62768,67],{"class":66},[48,62770,162],{"class":62},[48,62772,62773],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62774,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62776,62777,62779,62781,62783],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62778,276],{"class":147},[48,62780,151],{"class":62},[48,62782,4894],{"class":137},[48,62784,162],{"class":62},[48,62786,62787],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62788,62789],{"class":4445},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1752,62791,62793],{"id":62792},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[39,62795,62797],{"className":41,"code":62796,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62798,62799,62815],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62800,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809,62811,62813],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62802,2232],{"class":54},[48,62804,59],{"class":58},[48,62806,4404],{"class":62},[48,62808,3770],{"class":99},[48,62810,87],{"class":62},[48,62812,632],{"class":99},[48,62814,1465],{"class":62},[48,62816,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62818,2411],{"class":54},[48,62820,134],{"class":62},[48,62822,54024],{"class":137},[48,62824,151],{"class":62},[48,62826,2921],{"class":99},[48,62828,162],{"class":62},[20,62830,40195,62831,7321],{},[15,62832,2921],{},[20,62834,62835,62836,62838,62839,62842],{},"You will get a ",[15,62837,3787],{},". See ",[348,62840,62841],{"href":53147},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62844,62845],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[39,62847,62849],{"className":41,"code":62848,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62850,62851,62861,62875,62887],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62852,62853,62855,62857,62859],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62854,276],{"class":147},[48,62856,151],{"class":62},[48,62858,9106],{"class":137},[48,62860,162],{"class":62},[48,62862,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62864,276],{"class":147},[48,62866,151],{"class":62},[48,62868,2094],{"class":281},[48,62870,151],{"class":62},[48,62872,1415],{"class":137},[48,62874,670],{"class":62},[48,62876,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62878,276],{"class":147},[48,62880,151],{"class":62},[48,62882,474],{"class":137},[48,62884,4442],{"class":62},[48,62886,162],{"class":54},[48,62888,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62890,32687],{"class":147},[48,62892,151],{"class":62},[48,62894,282],{"class":281},[48,62896,134],{"class":62},[48,62898,54024],{"class":25281},[48,62900,162],{"class":62},[44124,62902,62903],{},[20,62904,62905,62906,62909,62910,62912,62913,134],{},"Note: ",[15,62907,62908],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62911,4442],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62914,33562],{},[20,62916,62917],{},"Correct debugging example:",[39,62919,62921],{"className":41,"code":62920,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62922,62923,62939,62955,62959,62973,62977,62985,62995,63009,63019],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62924,62925,62927,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62926,9075],{"class":54},[48,62928,59],{"class":58},[48,62930,4404],{"class":62},[48,62932,3770],{"class":99},[48,62934,87],{"class":62},[48,62936,632],{"class":99},[48,62938,1465],{"class":62},[48,62940,62941,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,62942,4605],{"class":54},[48,62944,59],{"class":58},[48,62946,4404],{"class":62},[48,62948,2848],{"class":99},[48,62950,87],{"class":62},[48,62952,3241],{"class":99},[48,62954,1465],{"class":62},[48,62956,62957],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,62958,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62960,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969,62971],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,62962,9106],{"class":54},[48,62964,134],{"class":62},[48,62966,54024],{"class":137},[48,62968,151],{"class":62},[48,62970,1415],{"class":137},[48,62972,162],{"class":62},[48,62974,62975],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,62976,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,62978,62979,62981,62983],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,62980,449],{"class":54},[48,62982,59],{"class":58},[48,62984,49073],{"class":1642},[48,62986,62987,62989,62991,62993],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,62988,276],{"class":147},[48,62990,151],{"class":62},[48,62992,9106],{"class":137},[48,62994,162],{"class":62},[48,62996,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,62998,276],{"class":147},[48,63000,151],{"class":62},[48,63002,2094],{"class":281},[48,63004,151],{"class":62},[48,63006,1415],{"class":137},[48,63008,670],{"class":62},[48,63010,63011,63013,63015,63017],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,63012,276],{"class":147},[48,63014,151],{"class":62},[48,63016,474],{"class":137},[48,63018,162],{"class":62},[48,63020,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029,63031],{"class":50,"line":7207},[48,63022,32687],{"class":147},[48,63024,151],{"class":62},[48,63026,282],{"class":281},[48,63028,134],{"class":62},[48,63030,54024],{"class":25281},[48,63032,162],{"class":62},[34,63034,1545,63036],{"id":63035},"when-to-use-extend",[15,63037,53994],{},[20,63039,189,63040,7092],{},[15,63041,53994],{},[209,63043,63044,63047,63050],{},[212,63045,63046],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[212,63048,63049],{},"Add multiple values at once",[212,63051,63052],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,63054,6249],{},[39,63056,63058],{"className":41,"code":63057,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,63059,63060,63077,63095,63099,63115,63119,63129],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63061,63062,63065,63067,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63063,63064],{"class":54},"all_scores ",[48,63066,59],{"class":58},[48,63068,4404],{"class":62},[48,63070,14237],{"class":99},[48,63072,87],{"class":62},[48,63074,438],{"class":99},[48,63076,1465],{"class":62},[48,63078,63079,63082,63084,63086,63088,63090,63093],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63080,63081],{"class":54},"new_scores ",[48,63083,59],{"class":58},[48,63085,4404],{"class":62},[48,63087,52052],{"class":99},[48,63089,87],{"class":62},[48,63091,63092],{"class":99}," 92",[48,63094,1465],{"class":62},[48,63096,63097],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,63098,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,63100,63101,63104,63106,63108,63110,63113],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,63102,63103],{"class":54},"all_scores",[48,63105,134],{"class":62},[48,63107,54024],{"class":137},[48,63109,151],{"class":62},[48,63111,63112],{"class":137},"new_scores",[48,63114,162],{"class":62},[48,63116,63117],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,63118,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,63120,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,63122,276],{"class":147},[48,63124,151],{"class":62},[48,63126,63103],{"class":137},[48,63128,162],{"class":62},[48,63130,63131],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,63132,63133],{"class":4445},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,63135,63136,63137,63139,63140,134],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,63138,53200],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[348,63141,56068,63142,2689],{"href":54456},[15,63143,54816],{},[34,63145,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,63147,2606,63149,56017],{"id":63148},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,63150,53895],{},[20,63152,63153,63154,134],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,63155,4560],{},[1752,63157,5957,63159,5174,63161,2623],{"id":63158},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,63160,53994],{},[15,63162,53200],{},[20,63164,63165,63167,63168,63170],{},[15,63166,53994],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,63169,53200],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1752,63172,28861,63174,63176],{"id":63173},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,63175,53994],{}," with a string?",[20,63178,63179],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1752,63181,28861,63183,63185],{"id":63182},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,63184,53994],{}," with a tuple?",[20,63187,63188],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1752,63190,63192,63193,2623],{"id":63191},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,63194,53994],{},[20,63196,63197,63198,63200],{},"You get a ",[15,63199,3787],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[34,63202,2679],{"id":2678},[209,63204,63205,63211,63215,63219,63223,63229,63233],{},[212,63206,63207],{},[348,63208,56068,63209,2689],{"href":57317},[15,63210,53200],{},[212,63212,63213],{},[348,63214,54826],{"href":53596},[212,63216,63217],{},[348,63218,57777],{"href":57702},[212,63220,63221],{},[348,63222,53319],{"href":51526},[212,63224,63225],{},[348,63226,56068,63227,2689],{"href":54456},[15,63228,54816],{},[212,63230,63231],{},[348,63232,62841],{"href":53147},[212,63234,63235],{},[348,63236,56068,63237,2689],{"href":55508},[15,63238,13520],{},[20,63240,63241,63242,63244,63245,63247],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63243,53200],{},", when to use ",[15,63246,54816],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2711,63249,63250],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":63252},[63253,63254,63256,63257,63258,63265,63272,63273,63281,63283,63295],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":61650,"depth":106,"text":63255},"What list.extend() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":61731,"depth":106,"text":61732},{"id":61868,"depth":106,"text":63259,"children":63260},"extend() vs append()",[63261,63263],{"id":61882,"depth":113,"text":63262},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61945,"depth":113,"text":63264},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":62031,"depth":106,"text":63266,"children":63267},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63268,63269,63270,63271],{"id":62042,"depth":113,"text":62043},{"id":62106,"depth":113,"text":62107},{"id":62172,"depth":113,"text":62173},{"id":62246,"depth":113,"text":62247},{"id":62306,"depth":106,"text":62307},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":63274},[63275,63277,63279,63280],{"id":62518,"depth":113,"text":63276},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62591,"depth":113,"text":63278},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62663,"depth":113,"text":62664},{"id":62792,"depth":113,"text":62793},{"id":63035,"depth":106,"text":63282},"When to use extend()",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":63284},[63285,63287,63289,63291,63293],{"id":63148,"depth":113,"text":63286},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63158,"depth":113,"text":63288},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63173,"depth":113,"text":63290},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63182,"depth":113,"text":63292},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63191,"depth":113,"text":63294},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61554,"description":63296},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63303,"title":63304,"body":63305,"description":65396,"extension":2749,"meta":65397,"navigation":109,"path":65398,"seo":65399,"stem":65400,"__hash__":65401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63306,"toc":65359},[63307,63310,63315,63321,63332,63338,63340,63409,63411,63460,63468,63472,63477,63480,63491,63496,63498,63500,63521,63534,63537,63550,63552,63557,63582,63584,63592,63595,63664,63666,63690,63696,63700,63704,63740,63742,63762,63769,63773,63806,63808,63842,63847,63851,63884,63886,63914,63922,63926,63963,63965,63986,63989,63993,64062,64064,64088,64094,64101,64105,64108,64110,64124,64127,64151,64153,64178,64181,64200,64202,64228,64237,64241,64248,64325,64327,64368,64374,64380,64471,64473,64529,64532,64537,64541,64546,64550,64609,64611,64636,64640,64703,64705,64730,64734,64797,64799,64842,64845,64849,64853,64875,64879,64961,64963,64998,65006,65008,65012,65016,65018,65045,65050,65052,65079,65086,65089,65112,65114,65163,65166,65169,65188,65192,65195,65246,65249,65255,65259,65264,65267,65269,65275,65284,65288,65294,65298,65301,65305,65308,65312,65318,65320,65356],[10,63308,63304],{"id":63309},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63311,9890,63312,63314],{},[15,63313,25312],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63316,63317,63318,63320],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63319,25312],{}," for two main reasons:",[209,63322,63323,63326],{},[212,63324,63325],{},"to make an empty list",[212,63327,63328,63329,63331],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63330,60548],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63333,63334,63335,63337],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63336,25312],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[34,63339,37],{"id":36},[39,63341,63343],{"className":41,"code":63342,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63344,63345,63367,63385,63389,63399],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63346,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63348,2232],{"class":54},[48,63350,59],{"class":58},[48,63352,1191],{"class":281},[48,63354,6287],{"class":62},[48,63356,3770],{"class":99},[48,63358,87],{"class":62},[48,63360,632],{"class":99},[48,63362,87],{"class":62},[48,63364,800],{"class":99},[48,63366,670],{"class":62},[48,63368,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63370,36629],{"class":54},[48,63372,59],{"class":58},[48,63374,1191],{"class":281},[48,63376,151],{"class":62},[48,63378,67],{"class":66},[48,63380,42103],{"class":70},[48,63382,67],{"class":66},[48,63384,162],{"class":62},[48,63386,63387],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,63388,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,63390,63391,63393,63395,63397],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,63392,276],{"class":147},[48,63394,151],{"class":62},[48,63396,2411],{"class":137},[48,63398,162],{"class":62},[48,63400,63401,63403,63405,63407],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,63402,276],{"class":147},[48,63404,151],{"class":62},[48,63406,36682],{"class":137},[48,63408,162],{"class":62},[20,63410,168],{},[39,63412,63414],{"className":41,"code":63413,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63415,63416,63432],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63417,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63419,682],{"class":62},[48,63421,3770],{"class":99},[48,63423,87],{"class":62},[48,63425,632],{"class":99},[48,63427,87],{"class":62},[48,63429,800],{"class":99},[48,63431,1465],{"class":62},[48,63433,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63435,682],{"class":62},[48,63437,311],{"class":66},[48,63439,348],{"class":70},[48,63441,311],{"class":66},[48,63443,87],{"class":62},[48,63445,320],{"class":66},[48,63447,2059],{"class":70},[48,63449,311],{"class":66},[48,63451,87],{"class":62},[48,63453,320],{"class":66},[48,63455,2265],{"class":70},[48,63457,311],{"class":66},[48,63459,1465],{"class":62},[20,63461,189,63462,63464,63465,63467],{},[15,63463,25312],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63466,60548],{},", set, or dictionary.",[34,63469,63471],{"id":63470},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63473,63474,63476],{},[15,63475,25312],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63478,63479],{},"It can:",[209,63481,63482,63485,63488],{},[212,63483,63484],{},"create a new list object",[212,63486,63487],{},"make an empty list",[212,63489,63490],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63492,63493,63494,134],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[348,63495,53319],{"href":51526},[34,63497,360],{"id":359},[20,63499,27019],{},[39,63501,63503],{"className":41,"code":63502,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63504,63505,63511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63506,63507,63509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63508,282],{"class":281},[48,63510,380],{"class":62},[48,63512,63513,63515,63517,63519],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63514,282],{"class":281},[48,63516,151],{"class":62},[48,63518,4502],{"class":137},[48,63520,162],{"class":62},[209,63522,63523,63528],{},[212,63524,63525,63527],{},[15,63526,25312],{}," makes an empty list",[212,63529,63530,63533],{},[15,63531,63532],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63535,63536],{},"Common iterable values include:",[209,63538,63539,63541,63543,63545,63548],{},[212,63540,6087],{},[212,63542,6081],{},[212,63544,6084],{},[212,63546,63547],{},"ranges",[212,63549,8020],{},[34,63551,60170],{"id":60169},[20,63553,189,63554,63556],{},[15,63555,25312],{}," with no arguments:",[39,63558,63560],{"className":41,"code":63559,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63561,63562,63572],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63563,63564,63566,63568,63570],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63565,8549],{"class":54},[48,63567,59],{"class":58},[48,63569,1191],{"class":281},[48,63571,380],{"class":62},[48,63573,63574,63576,63578,63580],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63575,276],{"class":147},[48,63577,151],{"class":62},[48,63579,138],{"class":137},[48,63581,162],{"class":62},[20,63583,168],{},[39,63585,63586],{"className":41,"code":38838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,63587,63588],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63589,63590],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63591,38838],{"class":62},[20,63593,63594],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[39,63596,63598],{"className":41,"code":63597,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63599,63600,63610,63614,63632,63650,63654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63601,63602,63604,63606,63608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63603,8549],{"class":54},[48,63605,59],{"class":58},[48,63607,1191],{"class":281},[48,63609,380],{"class":62},[48,63611,63612],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63613,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,63615,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,63617,138],{"class":54},[48,63619,134],{"class":62},[48,63621,14287],{"class":137},[48,63623,151],{"class":62},[48,63625,67],{"class":66},[48,63627,1128],{"class":70},[48,63629,67],{"class":66},[48,63631,162],{"class":62},[48,63633,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,63635,138],{"class":54},[48,63637,134],{"class":62},[48,63639,14287],{"class":137},[48,63641,151],{"class":62},[48,63643,67],{"class":66},[48,63645,1146],{"class":70},[48,63647,67],{"class":66},[48,63649,162],{"class":62},[48,63651,63652],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,63653,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,63655,63656,63658,63660,63662],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,63657,276],{"class":147},[48,63659,151],{"class":62},[48,63661,138],{"class":137},[48,63663,162],{"class":62},[20,63665,168],{},[39,63667,63668],{"className":41,"code":38964,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,63669,63670],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63671,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63673,682],{"class":62},[48,63675,311],{"class":66},[48,63677,1128],{"class":70},[48,63679,311],{"class":66},[48,63681,87],{"class":62},[48,63683,320],{"class":66},[48,63685,1146],{"class":70},[48,63687,311],{"class":66},[48,63689,1465],{"class":62},[20,63691,63692,63693,63695],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63694,4569],{},". Both are valid.",[34,63697,63699],{"id":63698},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1752,63701,63703],{"id":63702},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[39,63705,63706],{"className":41,"code":60468,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,63707,63708,63730],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63709,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63711,2232],{"class":54},[48,63713,59],{"class":58},[48,63715,1191],{"class":281},[48,63717,6287],{"class":62},[48,63719,3770],{"class":99},[48,63721,87],{"class":62},[48,63723,632],{"class":99},[48,63725,87],{"class":62},[48,63727,800],{"class":99},[48,63729,670],{"class":62},[48,63731,63732,63734,63736,63738],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63733,276],{"class":147},[48,63735,151],{"class":62},[48,63737,2411],{"class":137},[48,63739,162],{"class":62},[20,63741,168],{},[39,63743,63744],{"className":41,"code":55698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,63745,63746],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63747,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63749,682],{"class":62},[48,63751,3770],{"class":99},[48,63753,87],{"class":62},[48,63755,632],{"class":99},[48,63757,87],{"class":62},[48,63759,800],{"class":99},[48,63761,1465],{"class":62},[20,63763,63764,63765,134],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[348,63766,63768],{"href":63767},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1752,63770,63772],{"id":63771},"string-to-list","String to list",[39,63774,63776],{"className":41,"code":63775,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63777,63778,63796],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63779,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63781,36629],{"class":54},[48,63783,59],{"class":58},[48,63785,1191],{"class":281},[48,63787,151],{"class":62},[48,63789,67],{"class":66},[48,63791,37587],{"class":70},[48,63793,67],{"class":66},[48,63795,162],{"class":62},[48,63797,63798,63800,63802,63804],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63799,276],{"class":147},[48,63801,151],{"class":62},[48,63803,36682],{"class":137},[48,63805,162],{"class":62},[20,63807,168],{},[39,63809,63811],{"className":41,"code":63810,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63812,63813],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63814,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63838,63840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63816,682],{"class":62},[48,63818,311],{"class":66},[48,63820,2265],{"class":70},[48,63822,311],{"class":66},[48,63824,87],{"class":62},[48,63826,320],{"class":66},[48,63828,348],{"class":70},[48,63830,311],{"class":66},[48,63832,87],{"class":62},[48,63834,320],{"class":66},[48,63836,63837],{"class":70},"t",[48,63839,311],{"class":66},[48,63841,1465],{"class":62},[20,63843,63844,63846],{},[15,63845,25312],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1752,63848,63850],{"id":63849},"range-to-list","Range to list",[39,63852,63854],{"className":41,"code":63853,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63855,63856,63874],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63857,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63859,2232],{"class":54},[48,63861,59],{"class":58},[48,63863,1191],{"class":281},[48,63865,151],{"class":62},[48,63867,60548],{"class":147},[48,63869,151],{"class":62},[48,63871,2921],{"class":99},[48,63873,670],{"class":62},[48,63875,63876,63878,63880,63882],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63877,276],{"class":147},[48,63879,151],{"class":62},[48,63881,2411],{"class":137},[48,63883,162],{"class":62},[20,63885,168],{},[39,63887,63888],{"className":41,"code":60571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,63889,63890],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63891,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63893,682],{"class":62},[48,63895,2904],{"class":99},[48,63897,87],{"class":62},[48,63899,618],{"class":99},[48,63901,87],{"class":62},[48,63903,632],{"class":99},[48,63905,87],{"class":62},[48,63907,800],{"class":99},[48,63909,87],{"class":62},[48,63911,3241],{"class":99},[48,63913,1465],{"class":62},[20,63915,63916,63917,63921],{},"This is common when working with ",[348,63918,63919],{"href":36734},[15,63920,36737],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1752,63923,63925],{"id":63924},"set-to-list","Set to list",[39,63927,63929],{"className":41,"code":63928,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63930,63931,63953],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63932,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63934,4605],{"class":54},[48,63936,59],{"class":58},[48,63938,1191],{"class":281},[48,63940,6306],{"class":62},[48,63942,3114],{"class":99},[48,63944,87],{"class":62},[48,63946,2506],{"class":99},[48,63948,87],{"class":62},[48,63950,8564],{"class":99},[48,63952,31030],{"class":62},[48,63954,63955,63957,63959,63961],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,63956,276],{"class":147},[48,63958,151],{"class":62},[48,63960,1415],{"class":137},[48,63962,162],{"class":62},[20,63964,17686],{},[39,63966,63968],{"className":41,"code":63967,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63969,63970],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63971,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63973,682],{"class":62},[48,63975,3114],{"class":99},[48,63977,87],{"class":62},[48,63979,2506],{"class":99},[48,63981,87],{"class":62},[48,63983,8564],{"class":99},[48,63985,1465],{"class":62},[20,63987,63988],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1752,63990,63992],{"id":63991},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[39,63994,63996],{"className":41,"code":63995,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63997,63998,64034,64048,64052],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63999,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64001,55],{"class":54},[48,64003,59],{"class":58},[48,64005,63],{"class":62},[48,64007,67],{"class":66},[48,64009,71],{"class":70},[48,64011,67],{"class":66},[48,64013,76],{"class":62},[48,64015,79],{"class":66},[48,64017,82],{"class":70},[48,64019,67],{"class":66},[48,64021,87],{"class":62},[48,64023,79],{"class":66},[48,64025,92],{"class":70},[48,64027,67],{"class":66},[48,64029,76],{"class":62},[48,64031,100],{"class":99},[48,64033,103],{"class":62},[48,64035,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64037,449],{"class":54},[48,64039,59],{"class":58},[48,64041,1191],{"class":281},[48,64043,151],{"class":62},[48,64045,287],{"class":137},[48,64047,162],{"class":62},[48,64049,64050],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,64051,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,64053,64054,64056,64058,64060],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,64055,276],{"class":147},[48,64057,151],{"class":62},[48,64059,474],{"class":137},[48,64061,162],{"class":62},[20,64063,168],{},[39,64065,64066],{"className":41,"code":26012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,64067,64068],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64069,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64071,682],{"class":62},[48,64073,311],{"class":66},[48,64075,71],{"class":70},[48,64077,311],{"class":66},[48,64079,87],{"class":62},[48,64081,320],{"class":66},[48,64083,92],{"class":70},[48,64085,311],{"class":66},[48,64087,1465],{"class":62},[20,64089,64090,64091,64093],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,64092,25312],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,64095,64096,64097,134],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[348,64098,64100],{"href":64099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[34,64102,64104],{"id":64103},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,64106,64107],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,64109,61705],{},[209,64111,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122],{},[212,64113,6078],{},[212,64115,6081],{},[212,64117,6087],{},[212,64119,6084],{},[212,64121,63547],{},[212,64123,8020],{},[20,64125,64126],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[39,64128,64130],{"className":41,"code":64129,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,64131,64132],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64133,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64147,64149],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64135,276],{"class":147},[48,64137,151],{"class":62},[48,64139,282],{"class":281},[48,64141,151],{"class":62},[48,64143,67],{"class":66},[48,64145,64146],{"class":70},"hi",[48,64148,67],{"class":66},[48,64150,670],{"class":62},[20,64152,168],{},[39,64154,64156],{"className":41,"code":64155,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,64157,64158],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64159,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64161,682],{"class":62},[48,64163,311],{"class":66},[48,64165,60988],{"class":70},[48,64167,311],{"class":66},[48,64169,87],{"class":62},[48,64171,320],{"class":66},[48,64173,36693],{"class":70},[48,64175,311],{"class":66},[48,64177,1465],{"class":62},[20,64179,64180],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[39,64182,64184],{"className":41,"code":64183,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(5))\n",[15,64185,64186],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64187,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64189,276],{"class":147},[48,64191,151],{"class":62},[48,64193,282],{"class":281},[48,64195,151],{"class":62},[48,64197,2921],{"class":99},[48,64199,670],{"class":62},[20,64201,168],{},[39,64203,64205],{"className":41,"code":64204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,64206,64207],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64208,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64210,3787],{"class":281},[48,64212,76],{"class":62},[48,64214,320],{"class":66},[48,64216,2972],{"class":70},[48,64218,311],{"class":66},[48,64220,25148],{"class":281},[48,64222,8863],{"class":58},[48,64224,8866],{"class":58},[48,64226,64227],{"class":54}," iterable\n",[20,64229,64230,64231,64233,64234,134],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[348,64232,5914],{"href":6363},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[348,64235,64236],{"href":53147},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[34,64238,64240],{"id":64239},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,64242,64243,64244,64247],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64245,64246],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[39,64249,64251],{"className":41,"code":64250,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64252,64253,64273,64287,64291,64301,64311],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64254,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64256,12831],{"class":54},[48,64258,59],{"class":58},[48,64260,4404],{"class":62},[48,64262,3770],{"class":99},[48,64264,87],{"class":62},[48,64266,632],{"class":99},[48,64268,87],{"class":62},[48,64270,800],{"class":99},[48,64272,1465],{"class":62},[48,64274,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64276,15042],{"class":54},[48,64278,59],{"class":58},[48,64280,1191],{"class":281},[48,64282,151],{"class":62},[48,64284,12878],{"class":137},[48,64286,162],{"class":62},[48,64288,64289],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,64290,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,64292,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,64294,276],{"class":147},[48,64296,151],{"class":62},[48,64298,12878],{"class":137},[48,64300,162],{"class":62},[48,64302,64303,64305,64307,64309],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,64304,276],{"class":147},[48,64306,151],{"class":62},[48,64308,15061],{"class":137},[48,64310,162],{"class":62},[48,64312,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,64314,276],{"class":147},[48,64316,151],{"class":62},[48,64318,12831],{"class":137},[48,64320,12939],{"class":116},[48,64322,15115],{"class":137},[48,64324,162],{"class":62},[20,64326,168],{},[39,64328,64330],{"className":41,"code":64329,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64331,64332,64348,64364],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64333,64334,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64335,682],{"class":62},[48,64337,3770],{"class":99},[48,64339,87],{"class":62},[48,64341,632],{"class":99},[48,64343,87],{"class":62},[48,64345,800],{"class":99},[48,64347,1465],{"class":62},[48,64349,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64351,682],{"class":62},[48,64353,3770],{"class":99},[48,64355,87],{"class":62},[48,64357,632],{"class":99},[48,64359,87],{"class":62},[48,64361,800],{"class":99},[48,64363,1465],{"class":62},[48,64365,64366],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,64367,4822],{"class":1642},[20,64369,64370,64371,64373],{},"This means ",[15,64372,15061],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64375,64376,64377,64379],{},"However, this is only a ",[166,64378,13594],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[39,64381,64383],{"className":41,"code":64382,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64384,64385,64411,64425,64429,64447,64451,64461],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64386,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64388,12831],{"class":54},[48,64390,59],{"class":58},[48,64392,56842],{"class":62},[48,64394,3770],{"class":99},[48,64396,87],{"class":62},[48,64398,632],{"class":99},[48,64400,18785],{"class":62},[48,64402,4404],{"class":62},[48,64404,2848],{"class":99},[48,64406,87],{"class":62},[48,64408,3241],{"class":99},[48,64410,53790],{"class":62},[48,64412,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64414,15042],{"class":54},[48,64416,59],{"class":58},[48,64418,1191],{"class":281},[48,64420,151],{"class":62},[48,64422,12878],{"class":137},[48,64424,162],{"class":62},[48,64426,64427],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,64428,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,64430,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,64432,15061],{"class":54},[48,64434,682],{"class":62},[48,64436,2904],{"class":99},[48,64438,14284],{"class":62},[48,64440,14287],{"class":137},[48,64442,151],{"class":62},[48,64444,56895],{"class":99},[48,64446,162],{"class":62},[48,64448,64449],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,64450,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,64452,64453,64455,64457,64459],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,64454,276],{"class":147},[48,64456,151],{"class":62},[48,64458,12878],{"class":137},[48,64460,162],{"class":62},[48,64462,64463,64465,64467,64469],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,64464,276],{"class":147},[48,64466,151],{"class":62},[48,64468,15061],{"class":137},[48,64470,162],{"class":62},[20,64472,168],{},[39,64474,64475],{"className":41,"code":56926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,64476,64477,64503],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64478,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64480,56933],{"class":62},[48,64482,3770],{"class":99},[48,64484,87],{"class":62},[48,64486,632],{"class":99},[48,64488,87],{"class":62},[48,64490,10952],{"class":99},[48,64492,18785],{"class":62},[48,64494,4404],{"class":62},[48,64496,2848],{"class":99},[48,64498,87],{"class":62},[48,64500,3241],{"class":99},[48,64502,53790],{"class":62},[48,64504,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64506,56933],{"class":62},[48,64508,3770],{"class":99},[48,64510,87],{"class":62},[48,64512,632],{"class":99},[48,64514,87],{"class":62},[48,64516,10952],{"class":99},[48,64518,18785],{"class":62},[48,64520,4404],{"class":62},[48,64522,2848],{"class":99},[48,64524,87],{"class":62},[48,64526,3241],{"class":99},[48,64528,53790],{"class":62},[20,64530,64531],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64533,64534,64535,134],{},"For more on this, see ",[348,64536,14524],{"href":14523},[34,64538,64540],{"id":64539},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64542,64543,64544,134],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64545,25312],{},[1752,64547,64549],{"id":64548},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[39,64551,64553],{"className":41,"code":64552,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64554,64555,64595],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64556,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64558,829],{"class":54},[48,64560,59],{"class":58},[48,64562,63],{"class":62},[48,64564,67],{"class":66},[48,64566,71],{"class":70},[48,64568,67],{"class":66},[48,64570,76],{"class":62},[48,64572,79],{"class":66},[48,64574,846],{"class":70},[48,64576,67],{"class":66},[48,64578,87],{"class":62},[48,64580,79],{"class":66},[48,64582,855],{"class":70},[48,64584,67],{"class":66},[48,64586,76],{"class":62},[48,64588,79],{"class":66},[48,64590,864],{"class":70},[48,64592,67],{"class":66},[48,64594,103],{"class":62},[48,64596,64597,64599,64601,64603,64605,64607],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64598,276],{"class":147},[48,64600,151],{"class":62},[48,64602,282],{"class":281},[48,64604,151],{"class":62},[48,64606,1076],{"class":137},[48,64608,670],{"class":62},[20,64610,168],{},[39,64612,64614],{"className":41,"code":64613,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64615,64616],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64617,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64619,682],{"class":62},[48,64621,311],{"class":66},[48,64623,71],{"class":70},[48,64625,311],{"class":66},[48,64627,87],{"class":62},[48,64629,320],{"class":66},[48,64631,855],{"class":70},[48,64633,311],{"class":66},[48,64635,1465],{"class":62},[1752,64637,64639],{"id":64638},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[39,64641,64643],{"className":41,"code":64642,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64644,64645,64685],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64646,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64648,829],{"class":54},[48,64650,59],{"class":58},[48,64652,63],{"class":62},[48,64654,67],{"class":66},[48,64656,71],{"class":70},[48,64658,67],{"class":66},[48,64660,76],{"class":62},[48,64662,79],{"class":66},[48,64664,846],{"class":70},[48,64666,67],{"class":66},[48,64668,87],{"class":62},[48,64670,79],{"class":66},[48,64672,855],{"class":70},[48,64674,67],{"class":66},[48,64676,76],{"class":62},[48,64678,79],{"class":66},[48,64680,864],{"class":70},[48,64682,67],{"class":66},[48,64684,103],{"class":62},[48,64686,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64688,276],{"class":147},[48,64690,151],{"class":62},[48,64692,282],{"class":281},[48,64694,151],{"class":62},[48,64696,1076],{"class":137},[48,64698,134],{"class":62},[48,64700,1415],{"class":137},[48,64702,294],{"class":62},[20,64704,168],{},[39,64706,64708],{"className":41,"code":64707,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64709,64710],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64711,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64713,682],{"class":62},[48,64715,311],{"class":66},[48,64717,846],{"class":70},[48,64719,311],{"class":66},[48,64721,87],{"class":62},[48,64723,320],{"class":66},[48,64725,864],{"class":70},[48,64727,311],{"class":66},[48,64729,1465],{"class":62},[1752,64731,64733],{"id":64732},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[39,64735,64737],{"className":41,"code":64736,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64738,64739,64779],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64740,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769,64771,64773,64775,64777],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64742,829],{"class":54},[48,64744,59],{"class":58},[48,64746,63],{"class":62},[48,64748,67],{"class":66},[48,64750,71],{"class":70},[48,64752,67],{"class":66},[48,64754,76],{"class":62},[48,64756,79],{"class":66},[48,64758,846],{"class":70},[48,64760,67],{"class":66},[48,64762,87],{"class":62},[48,64764,79],{"class":66},[48,64766,855],{"class":70},[48,64768,67],{"class":66},[48,64770,76],{"class":62},[48,64772,79],{"class":66},[48,64774,864],{"class":70},[48,64776,67],{"class":66},[48,64778,103],{"class":62},[48,64780,64781,64783,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64782,276],{"class":147},[48,64784,151],{"class":62},[48,64786,282],{"class":281},[48,64788,151],{"class":62},[48,64790,1076],{"class":137},[48,64792,134],{"class":62},[48,64794,138],{"class":137},[48,64796,294],{"class":62},[20,64798,168],{},[39,64800,64802],{"className":41,"code":64801,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64803,64804],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64805,64806,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64807,308],{"class":62},[48,64809,311],{"class":66},[48,64811,71],{"class":70},[48,64813,311],{"class":66},[48,64815,87],{"class":62},[48,64817,320],{"class":66},[48,64819,846],{"class":70},[48,64821,311],{"class":66},[48,64823,327],{"class":62},[48,64825,330],{"class":62},[48,64827,311],{"class":66},[48,64829,855],{"class":70},[48,64831,311],{"class":66},[48,64833,87],{"class":62},[48,64835,320],{"class":66},[48,64837,864],{"class":70},[48,64839,311],{"class":66},[48,64841,343],{"class":62},[20,64843,64844],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[34,64846,64848],{"id":64847},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64850,189,64851,11355],{},[15,64852,25312],{},[209,64854,64855,64863,64872],{},[212,64856,64857,64858,352,64860],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64859,53200],{},[15,64861,64862],{},"sort()",[212,64864,64865,64866,352,64868,64871],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64867,36737],{},[15,64869,64870],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[212,64873,64874],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64876,46585,64877,76],{},[15,64878,64870],{},[39,64880,64882],{"className":41,"code":64881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64883,64884,64908,64924,64928,64951],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64885,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64887,5776],{"class":54},[48,64889,59],{"class":58},[48,64891,4404],{"class":62},[48,64893,67],{"class":66},[48,64895,82],{"class":70},[48,64897,67],{"class":66},[48,64899,87],{"class":62},[48,64901,79],{"class":66},[48,64903,36479],{"class":70},[48,64905,67],{"class":66},[48,64907,1465],{"class":62},[48,64909,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,64911,408],{"class":54},[48,64913,59],{"class":58},[48,64915,4404],{"class":62},[48,64917,14237],{"class":99},[48,64919,87],{"class":62},[48,64921,438],{"class":99},[48,64923,1465],{"class":62},[48,64925,64926],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,64927,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,64929,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,64931,639],{"class":54},[48,64933,59],{"class":58},[48,64935,1191],{"class":281},[48,64937,151],{"class":62},[48,64939,64940],{"class":147},"zip",[48,64942,151],{"class":62},[48,64944,5818],{"class":137},[48,64946,87],{"class":62},[48,64948,454],{"class":137},[48,64950,670],{"class":62},[48,64952,64953,64955,64957,64959],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,64954,276],{"class":147},[48,64956,151],{"class":62},[48,64958,667],{"class":137},[48,64960,162],{"class":62},[20,64962,168],{},[39,64964,64966],{"className":41,"code":64965,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64967,64968],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64969,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64971,308],{"class":62},[48,64973,311],{"class":66},[48,64975,82],{"class":70},[48,64977,311],{"class":66},[48,64979,87],{"class":62},[48,64981,424],{"class":99},[48,64983,327],{"class":62},[48,64985,330],{"class":62},[48,64987,311],{"class":66},[48,64989,36479],{"class":70},[48,64991,311],{"class":66},[48,64993,87],{"class":62},[48,64995,438],{"class":99},[48,64997,343],{"class":62},[20,64999,65000,65001,65003,65004,134],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,65002,53200],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[348,65005,53597],{"href":53596},[34,65007,5300],{"id":5299},[20,65009,57324,65010,134],{},[15,65011,25312],{},[1752,65013,65015],{"id":65014},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,65017,5307],{},[39,65019,65021],{"className":41,"code":65020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,65022,65023,65027],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65024,65025],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65026,5317],{"class":4445},[48,65028,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,65030,282],{"class":281},[48,65032,151],{"class":62},[48,65034,3770],{"class":99},[48,65036,87],{"class":62},[48,65038,632],{"class":99},[48,65040,87],{"class":62},[48,65042,800],{"class":99},[48,65044,162],{"class":62},[20,65046,65047,65049],{},[15,65048,25312],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,65051,19416],{},[39,65053,65055],{"className":41,"code":65054,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,65056,65057],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65058,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65060,276],{"class":147},[48,65062,151],{"class":62},[48,65064,282],{"class":281},[48,65066,6287],{"class":62},[48,65068,3770],{"class":99},[48,65070,87],{"class":62},[48,65072,632],{"class":99},[48,65074,87],{"class":62},[48,65076,800],{"class":99},[48,65078,3693],{"class":62},[1752,65080,65082,65083],{"id":65081},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[48,65084,65085],{},"\"hello\"",[20,65087,65088],{},"This is a common surprise:",[39,65090,65092],{"className":41,"code":65091,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,65093,65094],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65095,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65097,276],{"class":147},[48,65099,151],{"class":62},[48,65101,282],{"class":281},[48,65103,151],{"class":62},[48,65105,67],{"class":66},[48,65107,4628],{"class":70},[48,65109,67],{"class":66},[48,65111,670],{"class":62},[20,65113,168],{},[39,65115,65117],{"className":41,"code":65116,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,65118,65119],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65120,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65122,682],{"class":62},[48,65124,311],{"class":66},[48,65126,60988],{"class":70},[48,65128,311],{"class":66},[48,65130,87],{"class":62},[48,65132,320],{"class":66},[48,65134,60997],{"class":70},[48,65136,311],{"class":66},[48,65138,87],{"class":62},[48,65140,320],{"class":66},[48,65142,61006],{"class":70},[48,65144,311],{"class":66},[48,65146,87],{"class":62},[48,65148,320],{"class":66},[48,65150,61006],{"class":70},[48,65152,311],{"class":66},[48,65154,87],{"class":62},[48,65156,320],{"class":66},[48,65158,61023],{"class":70},[48,65160,311],{"class":66},[48,65162,1465],{"class":62},[20,65164,65165],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,65167,65168],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[39,65170,65172],{"className":41,"code":65171,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,65173,65174],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65175,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65177,276],{"class":147},[48,65179,3767],{"class":62},[48,65181,67],{"class":66},[48,65183,4628],{"class":70},[48,65185,67],{"class":66},[48,65187,4670],{"class":62},[1752,65189,65191],{"id":65190},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,65193,65194],{},"This:",[39,65196,65198],{"className":41,"code":65197,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,65199,65200,65232],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65201,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65203,602],{"class":54},[48,65205,59],{"class":58},[48,65207,63],{"class":62},[48,65209,67],{"class":66},[48,65211,348],{"class":70},[48,65213,67],{"class":66},[48,65215,76],{"class":62},[48,65217,618],{"class":99},[48,65219,87],{"class":62},[48,65221,79],{"class":66},[48,65223,2059],{"class":70},[48,65225,67],{"class":66},[48,65227,76],{"class":62},[48,65229,632],{"class":99},[48,65231,103],{"class":62},[48,65233,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,65235,276],{"class":147},[48,65237,151],{"class":62},[48,65239,282],{"class":281},[48,65241,151],{"class":62},[48,65243,679],{"class":137},[48,65245,670],{"class":62},[20,65247,65248],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,65250,189,65251,65254],{},[15,65252,65253],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1752,65256,65258],{"id":65257},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,65260,65261,65263],{},[15,65262,25312],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,65265,65266],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[34,65268,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,65270,5957,65272,65274],{"id":65271},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[48,65273],{}," and list()?",[20,65276,65277,65278,65280,65281,65283],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65279,4569],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65282,25312],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1752,65285,65287],{"id":65286},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65289,65290,65291,65293],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65292,25312],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1752,65295,65297],{"id":65296},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65299,65300],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1752,65302,65304],{"id":65303},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65306,65307],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1752,65309,65311],{"id":65310},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65313,65314,65315,65317],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65316,25312],{}," cannot loop through it.",[34,65319,2679],{"id":2678},[209,65321,65322,65326,65331,65335,65339,65343,65347,65352],{},[212,65323,65324],{},[348,65325,53319],{"href":51526},[212,65327,65328],{},[348,65329,65330],{"href":36734},"Python range() function explained",[212,65332,65333],{},[348,65334,63768],{"href":63767},[212,65336,65337],{},[348,65338,64100],{"href":64099},[212,65340,65341],{},[348,65342,5994],{"href":6363},[212,65344,65345],{},[348,65346,14524],{"href":14523},[212,65348,65349],{},[348,65350,65351],{"href":53147},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[212,65353,65354],{},[348,65355,54826],{"href":53596},[2711,65357,65358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":65360},[65361,65362,65363,65364,65365,65372,65373,65374,65379,65380,65387,65395],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":63470,"depth":106,"text":63471},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":60169,"depth":106,"text":60170},{"id":63698,"depth":106,"text":63699,"children":65366},[65367,65368,65369,65370,65371],{"id":63702,"depth":113,"text":63703},{"id":63771,"depth":113,"text":63772},{"id":63849,"depth":113,"text":63850},{"id":63924,"depth":113,"text":63925},{"id":63991,"depth":113,"text":63992},{"id":64103,"depth":106,"text":64104},{"id":64239,"depth":106,"text":64240},{"id":64539,"depth":106,"text":64540,"children":65375},[65376,65377,65378],{"id":64548,"depth":113,"text":64549},{"id":64638,"depth":113,"text":64639},{"id":64732,"depth":113,"text":64733},{"id":64847,"depth":106,"text":64848},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":65381},[65382,65383,65385,65386],{"id":65014,"depth":113,"text":65015},{"id":65081,"depth":113,"text":65384},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65190,"depth":113,"text":65191},{"id":65257,"depth":113,"text":65258},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":65388},[65389,65391,65392,65393,65394],{"id":65271,"depth":113,"text":65390},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65286,"depth":113,"text":65287},{"id":65296,"depth":113,"text":65297},{"id":65303,"depth":113,"text":65304},{"id":65310,"depth":113,"text":65311},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63304,"description":65396},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65403,"title":65404,"body":65405,"description":66756,"extension":2749,"meta":66757,"navigation":109,"path":66758,"seo":66759,"stem":66760,"__hash__":66761},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65406,"toc":66730},[65407,65412,65418,65427,65429,65502,65511,65516,65520,65536,65540,65542,65544,65563,65566,65594,65597,65622,65630,65632,65637,65644,65646,65703,65705,65713,65719,65723,65726,65799,65801,65809,65812,65835,65842,65848,65852,65858,65929,65931,65939,65948,65955,65962,65970,66114,66116,66133,66136,66175,66178,66182,66187,66189,66248,66254,66257,66364,66366,66381,66384,66391,66393,66397,66545,66548,66609,66612,66615,66636,66641,66645,66656,66659,66661,66666,66669,66677,66682,66688,66691,66697,66705,66707,66727],[10,65408,54890,65410,18],{"id":65409},"python-list-index-method",[15,65411,59517],{},[20,65413,65414,65417],{},[15,65415,65416],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65419,65420,65421,65424,65425,134],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[166,65422,65423],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65426,41246],{},[34,65428,4390],{"id":4389},[39,65430,65432],{"className":41,"code":65431,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65433,65434,65466,65489],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65435,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65437,8549],{"class":54},[48,65439,59],{"class":58},[48,65441,4404],{"class":62},[48,65443,67],{"class":66},[48,65445,1128],{"class":70},[48,65447,67],{"class":66},[48,65449,87],{"class":62},[48,65451,79],{"class":66},[48,65453,1146],{"class":70},[48,65455,67],{"class":66},[48,65457,87],{"class":62},[48,65459,79],{"class":66},[48,65461,4877],{"class":70},[48,65463,67],{"class":66},[48,65465,1465],{"class":62},[48,65467,65468,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,65469,65470],{"class":54},"position ",[48,65472,59],{"class":58},[48,65474,6741],{"class":54},[48,65476,134],{"class":62},[48,65478,36384],{"class":137},[48,65480,151],{"class":62},[48,65482,67],{"class":66},[48,65484,1146],{"class":70},[48,65486,67],{"class":66},[48,65488,162],{"class":62},[48,65490,65491,65493,65495,65498,65500],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,65492,276],{"class":147},[48,65494,151],{"class":62},[48,65496,65497],{"class":137},"position",[48,65499,4442],{"class":62},[48,65501,28312],{"class":4445},[20,65503,189,65504,65507,65508,65510],{},[15,65505,65506],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65509,41246],{}," if the item is not found.",[34,65512,196,65514,199],{"id":65513},"what-listindex-does",[15,65515,65416],{},[20,65517,65518,76],{},[15,65519,65416],{},[209,65521,65522,65525,65528,65533],{},[212,65523,65524],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[212,65526,65527],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[212,65529,65530,65531],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65532,2904],{},[212,65534,65535],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65537,55115,65538,134],{},[348,65539,53319],{"href":55118},[34,65541,360],{"id":359},[20,65543,31259],{},[39,65545,65547],{"className":41,"code":65546,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65548,65549],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65550,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65552,9106],{"class":54},[48,65554,134],{"class":62},[48,65556,36384],{"class":137},[48,65558,151],{"class":62},[48,65560,933],{"class":137},[48,65562,162],{"class":62},[20,65564,65565],{},"You can also limit the search:",[39,65567,65569],{"className":41,"code":65568,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65570,65571],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65572,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65592],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65574,9106],{"class":54},[48,65576,134],{"class":62},[48,65578,36384],{"class":137},[48,65580,151],{"class":62},[48,65582,933],{"class":137},[48,65584,87],{"class":62},[48,65586,36590],{"class":137},[48,65588,87],{"class":62},[48,65590,65591],{"class":137}," end",[48,65593,162],{"class":62},[20,65595,65596],{},"Here is what each part means:",[209,65598,65599,65604,65609,65614],{},[212,65600,65601,65603],{},[15,65602,933],{},": the item to search for",[212,65605,65606,65608],{},[15,65607,36611],{},": where the search begins",[212,65610,65611,65613],{},[15,65612,53208],{},": where the search stops",[212,65615,65616,5565,65618,65621],{},[15,65617,53208],{},[166,65619,65620],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65623,65624,65625,65627,65628,134],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65626,36611],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65629,53208],{},[34,65631,38561],{"id":38560},[20,65633,65634,65636],{},[15,65635,65416],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65638,65639,65640,65643],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[166,65641,65642],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65645,226],{},[39,65647,65649],{"className":41,"code":65648,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65650,65651,65671,65689,65693],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65652,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65654,2232],{"class":54},[48,65656,59],{"class":58},[48,65658,4404],{"class":62},[48,65660,3114],{"class":99},[48,65662,87],{"class":62},[48,65664,2506],{"class":99},[48,65666,87],{"class":62},[48,65668,8564],{"class":99},[48,65670,1465],{"class":62},[48,65672,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,65674,449],{"class":54},[48,65676,59],{"class":58},[48,65678,2292],{"class":54},[48,65680,134],{"class":62},[48,65682,36384],{"class":137},[48,65684,151],{"class":62},[48,65686,16483],{"class":99},[48,65688,162],{"class":62},[48,65690,65691],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,65692,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,65694,65695,65697,65699,65701],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,65696,276],{"class":147},[48,65698,151],{"class":62},[48,65700,474],{"class":137},[48,65702,162],{"class":62},[20,65704,168],{},[39,65706,65707],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,65708,65709],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65710,65711],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65712,47462],{"class":99},[20,65714,65715,65716,65718],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65717,59517],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[34,65720,65722],{"id":65721},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65724,65725],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[39,65727,65729],{"className":41,"code":65728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65730,65731,65763,65785,65789],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65732,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65734,36778],{"class":54},[48,65736,59],{"class":58},[48,65738,4404],{"class":62},[48,65740,67],{"class":66},[48,65742,1128],{"class":70},[48,65744,67],{"class":66},[48,65746,87],{"class":62},[48,65748,79],{"class":66},[48,65750,1146],{"class":70},[48,65752,67],{"class":66},[48,65754,87],{"class":62},[48,65756,79],{"class":66},[48,65758,4877],{"class":70},[48,65760,67],{"class":66},[48,65762,1465],{"class":62},[48,65764,65765,65767,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,65766,65470],{"class":54},[48,65768,59],{"class":58},[48,65770,53399],{"class":54},[48,65772,134],{"class":62},[48,65774,36384],{"class":137},[48,65776,151],{"class":62},[48,65778,67],{"class":66},[48,65780,4877],{"class":70},[48,65782,67],{"class":66},[48,65784,162],{"class":62},[48,65786,65787],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,65788,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,65790,65791,65793,65795,65797],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,65792,276],{"class":147},[48,65794,151],{"class":62},[48,65796,65497],{"class":137},[48,65798,162],{"class":62},[20,65800,168],{},[39,65802,65803],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,65804,65805],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65806,65807],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65808,17784],{"class":99},[20,65810,65811],{},"In this list:",[209,65813,65814,65821,65828],{},[212,65815,65816,65818,65819],{},[15,65817,58382],{}," is at index ",[15,65820,2904],{},[212,65822,65823,65818,65826],{},[15,65824,65825],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65827,3770],{},[212,65829,65830,65818,65833],{},[15,65831,65832],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65834,2842],{},[20,65836,54201,65837,3181,65840,134],{},[15,65838,65839],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65841,2842],{},[20,65843,52090,65844,134],{},[348,65845,65847],{"href":65846},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[34,65849,65851],{"id":65850},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65853,65854,65855,65857],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65856,59517],{}," returns the first match only.",[39,65859,65861],{"className":41,"code":65860,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65862,65863,65903,65907],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65864,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65866,1119],{"class":54},[48,65868,59],{"class":58},[48,65870,4404],{"class":62},[48,65872,67],{"class":66},[48,65874,1137],{"class":70},[48,65876,67],{"class":66},[48,65878,87],{"class":62},[48,65880,79],{"class":66},[48,65882,13848],{"class":70},[48,65884,67],{"class":66},[48,65886,87],{"class":62},[48,65888,79],{"class":66},[48,65890,1137],{"class":70},[48,65892,67],{"class":66},[48,65894,87],{"class":62},[48,65896,79],{"class":66},[48,65898,18179],{"class":70},[48,65900,67],{"class":66},[48,65902,1465],{"class":62},[48,65904,65905],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,65906,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,65908,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,65910,276],{"class":147},[48,65912,151],{"class":62},[48,65914,1196],{"class":137},[48,65916,134],{"class":62},[48,65918,36384],{"class":137},[48,65920,151],{"class":62},[48,65922,67],{"class":66},[48,65924,1137],{"class":70},[48,65926,67],{"class":66},[48,65928,670],{"class":62},[20,65930,168],{},[39,65932,65933],{"className":41,"code":47797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,65934,65935],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65936,65937],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65938,47797],{"class":99},[20,65940,21695,65941,65944,65945,65947],{},[15,65942,65943],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65946,2904],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65949,65950,65951,134],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[348,65952,56068,65953,2689],{"href":59576},[15,65954,57839],{},[34,65956,9185,65958,5174,65960],{"id":65957},"using-start-and-end",[15,65959,36611],{},[15,65961,53208],{},[20,65963,65964,65965,5174,65967,65969],{},"The optional ",[15,65966,36611],{},[15,65968,53208],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[39,65971,65973],{"className":41,"code":65972,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65974,65975,66023,66027,66052,66081],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65976,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65978,36629],{"class":54},[48,65980,59],{"class":58},[48,65982,4404],{"class":62},[48,65984,67],{"class":66},[48,65986,348],{"class":70},[48,65988,67],{"class":66},[48,65990,87],{"class":62},[48,65992,79],{"class":66},[48,65994,2059],{"class":70},[48,65996,67],{"class":66},[48,65998,87],{"class":62},[48,66000,79],{"class":66},[48,66002,2265],{"class":70},[48,66004,67],{"class":66},[48,66006,87],{"class":62},[48,66008,79],{"class":66},[48,66010,2059],{"class":70},[48,66012,67],{"class":66},[48,66014,87],{"class":62},[48,66016,79],{"class":66},[48,66018,2324],{"class":70},[48,66020,67],{"class":66},[48,66022,1465],{"class":62},[48,66024,66025],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,66026,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,66028,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,66030,276],{"class":147},[48,66032,151],{"class":62},[48,66034,36682],{"class":137},[48,66036,134],{"class":62},[48,66038,36384],{"class":137},[48,66040,151],{"class":62},[48,66042,67],{"class":66},[48,66044,2059],{"class":70},[48,66046,67],{"class":66},[48,66048,6139],{"class":62},[48,66050,66051],{"class":4445},"        # first match\n",[48,66053,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,66055,276],{"class":147},[48,66057,151],{"class":62},[48,66059,36682],{"class":137},[48,66061,134],{"class":62},[48,66063,36384],{"class":137},[48,66065,151],{"class":62},[48,66067,67],{"class":66},[48,66069,2059],{"class":70},[48,66071,67],{"class":66},[48,66073,87],{"class":62},[48,66075,632],{"class":99},[48,66077,6139],{"class":62},[48,66079,66080],{"class":4445},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[48,66082,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,66084,276],{"class":147},[48,66086,151],{"class":62},[48,66088,36682],{"class":137},[48,66090,134],{"class":62},[48,66092,36384],{"class":137},[48,66094,151],{"class":62},[48,66096,67],{"class":66},[48,66098,2059],{"class":70},[48,66100,67],{"class":66},[48,66102,87],{"class":62},[48,66104,618],{"class":99},[48,66106,87],{"class":62},[48,66108,3241],{"class":99},[48,66110,6139],{"class":62},[48,66112,66113],{"class":4445},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,66115,168],{},[39,66117,66119],{"className":41,"code":66118,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,66120,66121,66125,66129],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66122,66123],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66124,47462],{"class":99},[48,66126,66127],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,66128,47162],{"class":99},[48,66130,66131],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,66132,47462],{"class":99},[20,66134,66135],{},"How this works:",[209,66137,66138,66150,66163],{},[212,66139,66140,66143,66144,66147,66148],{},[15,66141,66142],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,66145,66146],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,66149,3770],{},[212,66151,66152,66155,66156,66158,66159,66147,66161],{},[15,66153,66154],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,66157,2842],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,66160,66146],{},[15,66162,2848],{},[212,66164,66165,66168,66169,2973,66171,17798,66173],{},[15,66166,66167],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,66170,3770],{},[15,66172,2842],{},[15,66174,2848],{},[20,66176,66177],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[34,66179,66181],{"id":66180},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,66183,66184,66185,134],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,66186,41246],{},[20,66188,226],{},[39,66190,66192],{"className":41,"code":66191,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,66193,66194,66226],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66195,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66197,8549],{"class":54},[48,66199,59],{"class":58},[48,66201,4404],{"class":62},[48,66203,67],{"class":66},[48,66205,1128],{"class":70},[48,66207,67],{"class":66},[48,66209,87],{"class":62},[48,66211,79],{"class":66},[48,66213,1146],{"class":70},[48,66215,67],{"class":66},[48,66217,87],{"class":62},[48,66219,79],{"class":66},[48,66221,4877],{"class":70},[48,66223,67],{"class":66},[48,66225,1465],{"class":62},[48,66227,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,66229,276],{"class":147},[48,66231,151],{"class":62},[48,66233,138],{"class":137},[48,66235,134],{"class":62},[48,66237,36384],{"class":137},[48,66239,151],{"class":62},[48,66241,67],{"class":66},[48,66243,33756],{"class":70},[48,66245,67],{"class":66},[48,66247,670],{"class":62},[20,66249,40195,66250,66253],{},[15,66251,66252],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,66255,66256],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[39,66258,66260],{"className":41,"code":66259,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66261,66262,66294,66307,66311,66324,66343,66349],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66263,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66265,8549],{"class":54},[48,66267,59],{"class":58},[48,66269,4404],{"class":62},[48,66271,67],{"class":66},[48,66273,1128],{"class":70},[48,66275,67],{"class":66},[48,66277,87],{"class":62},[48,66279,79],{"class":66},[48,66281,1146],{"class":70},[48,66283,67],{"class":66},[48,66285,87],{"class":62},[48,66287,79],{"class":66},[48,66289,4877],{"class":70},[48,66291,67],{"class":66},[48,66293,1465],{"class":62},[48,66295,66296,66299,66301,66303,66305],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,66297,66298],{"class":54},"search_value ",[48,66300,59],{"class":58},[48,66302,79],{"class":66},[48,66304,33756],{"class":70},[48,66306,4138],{"class":66},[48,66308,66309],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,66310,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,66312,66313,66315,66318,66320,66322],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,66314,7767],{"class":116},[48,66316,66317],{"class":54}," search_value ",[48,66319,128],{"class":58},[48,66321,6741],{"class":54},[48,66323,1053],{"class":62},[48,66325,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66341],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,66327,148],{"class":147},[48,66329,151],{"class":62},[48,66331,138],{"class":137},[48,66333,134],{"class":62},[48,66335,36384],{"class":137},[48,66337,151],{"class":62},[48,66339,66340],{"class":137},"search_value",[48,66342,670],{"class":62},[48,66344,66345,66347],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,66346,27966],{"class":116},[48,66348,1053],{"class":62},[48,66350,66351,66353,66355,66357,66360,66362],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,66352,148],{"class":147},[48,66354,151],{"class":62},[48,66356,67],{"class":66},[48,66358,66359],{"class":70},"Item not found",[48,66361,67],{"class":66},[48,66363,162],{"class":62},[20,66365,168],{},[39,66367,66369],{"className":41,"code":66368,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Item not found\n",[15,66370,66371],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66372,66373,66376,66378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66374,66375],{"class":54},"Item ",[48,66377,5413],{"class":58},[48,66379,66380],{"class":54}," found\n",[20,66382,66383],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66385,66386,66387,134],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[348,66388,66390],{"href":66389},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[34,66392,5300],{"id":5299},[20,66394,21929,66395,76],{},[15,66396,65416],{},[209,66398,66399,66417,66429,66489],{},[212,66400,26306,66401,3181,66403,66406,66407,66409,66410,5938,66412,66414,66415,134],{},[15,66402,59517],{},[15,66404,66405],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10601,66408],{},"\nPython does ",[166,66411,5413],{},[15,66413,66405],{},". It raises ",[15,66416,41246],{},[212,66418,66419,66420,66422,66425,66426,66428],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10601,66421],{},[15,66423,66424],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66427,65825],{},", not the value itself.",[212,66430,9185,66431,11844,66434,66436,66438,66439,17384,66441,66464,17372,66466],{},[15,66432,66433],{},"index[]",[15,66435,59517],{},[10601,66437],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10601,66440],{},[39,66442,66444],{"className":41,"code":66443,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66445,66446],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66447,66448,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66449,138],{"class":54},[48,66451,134],{"class":62},[48,66453,36384],{"class":137},[48,66455,151],{"class":62},[48,66457,67],{"class":66},[48,66459,1146],{"class":70},[48,66461,67],{"class":66},[48,66463,162],{"class":62},[10601,66465],{},[39,66467,66469],{"className":41,"code":66468,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66470,66471],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66472,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66474,138],{"class":54},[48,66476,134],{"class":62},[48,66478,36384],{"class":25281},[48,66480,682],{"class":62},[48,66482,67],{"class":66},[48,66484,1146],{"class":70},[48,66486,67],{"class":66},[48,66488,1465],{"class":62},[212,66490,66491,66492,66494,5174,66497,66499,66500],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10601,66493],{},[15,66495,66496],{},"\"3\"",[15,66498,2848],{}," are different values in Python.",[39,66501,66503],{"className":41,"code":66502,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66504,66505,66525],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66506,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66508,2232],{"class":54},[48,66510,59],{"class":58},[48,66512,4404],{"class":62},[48,66514,3770],{"class":99},[48,66516,87],{"class":62},[48,66518,632],{"class":99},[48,66520,87],{"class":62},[48,66522,800],{"class":99},[48,66524,1465],{"class":62},[48,66526,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,66528,276],{"class":147},[48,66530,151],{"class":62},[48,66532,67],{"class":66},[48,66534,2848],{"class":70},[48,66536,67],{"class":66},[48,66538,21891],{"class":116},[48,66540,2292],{"class":137},[48,66542,4442],{"class":62},[48,66544,5553],{"class":4445},[20,66546,66547],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[39,66549,66551],{"className":41,"code":66550,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66552,66553,66563,66577,66591],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66554,66555,66557,66559,66561],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66556,276],{"class":147},[48,66558,151],{"class":62},[48,66560,9106],{"class":137},[48,66562,162],{"class":62},[48,66564,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,66566,276],{"class":147},[48,66568,151],{"class":62},[48,66570,2094],{"class":281},[48,66572,151],{"class":62},[48,66574,66340],{"class":137},[48,66576,670],{"class":62},[48,66578,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,66580,276],{"class":147},[48,66582,151],{"class":62},[48,66584,66298],{"class":137},[48,66586,128],{"class":116},[48,66588,9163],{"class":137},[48,66590,162],{"class":62},[48,66592,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,66594,276],{"class":147},[48,66596,151],{"class":62},[48,66598,9106],{"class":137},[48,66600,134],{"class":62},[48,66602,36384],{"class":137},[48,66604,151],{"class":62},[48,66606,66340],{"class":137},[48,66608,670],{"class":62},[20,66610,66611],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66613,66614],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[209,66616,66617,66620,66627,66633],{},[212,66618,66619],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[212,66621,66622,66623,11844,66625],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66624,66496],{},[15,66626,2848],{},[212,66628,66629,66630,66632],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66631,59517],{}," returns only the first one",[212,66634,66635],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[34,66637,1545,66639],{"id":66638},"when-to-use-index",[15,66640,59517],{},[20,66642,189,66643,11355],{},[15,66644,59517],{},[209,66646,66647,66650,66653],{},[212,66648,66649],{},"You need the position of a known value",[212,66651,66652],{},"You are working with a small list",[212,66654,66655],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66657,66658],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[34,66660,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,66662,5920,66664,2596],{"id":66663},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66665,65416],{},[20,66667,66668],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1752,66670,2606,66672,5938,66674,66676],{"id":66671},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66673,65416],{},[15,66675,66405],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66678,66679,66680,7401],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66681,41246],{},[1752,66683,5947,66685,66687],{"id":66684},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66686,65416],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66689,66690],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1752,66692,66694,66695,2623],{"id":66693},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66696,59517],{},[20,66698,66699,66700,5174,66702,66704],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66701,36611],{},[15,66703,53208],{}," arguments.",[34,66706,2679],{"id":2678},[209,66708,66709,66713,66717,66721],{},[212,66710,66711],{},[348,66712,59505],{"href":65846},[212,66714,66715],{},[348,66716,53319],{"href":55118},[212,66718,66719],{},[348,66720,66390],{"href":66389},[212,66722,66723],{},[348,66724,56068,66725,2689],{"href":59576},[15,66726,57839],{},[2711,66728,66729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":66731},[66732,66733,66735,66736,66737,66738,66739,66741,66742,66743,66745,66755],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":65513,"depth":106,"text":66734},"What list.index() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":38560,"depth":106,"text":38561},{"id":65721,"depth":106,"text":65722},{"id":65850,"depth":106,"text":65851},{"id":65957,"depth":106,"text":66740},"Using start and end",{"id":66180,"depth":106,"text":66181},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300},{"id":66638,"depth":106,"text":66744},"When to use index()",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":66746},[66747,66749,66751,66753],{"id":66663,"depth":113,"text":66748},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66671,"depth":113,"text":66750},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66684,"depth":113,"text":66752},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66693,"depth":113,"text":66754},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65404,"description":66756},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66763,"title":66764,"body":66765,"description":68707,"extension":2749,"meta":68708,"navigation":109,"path":68709,"seo":68710,"stem":68711,"__hash__":68712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66766,"toc":68667},[66767,66772,66777,66780,66789,66846,66852,66857,66861,66875,66881,66883,66906,66923,66925,66986,66988,67020,67033,67035,67038,67138,67140,67218,67224,67228,67236,67240,67246,67301,67303,67327,67331,67334,67387,67389,67413,67417,67420,67473,67475,67499,67503,67509,67580,67582,67623,67629,67636,67639,67644,67652,67657,67665,67667,67764,67766,67835,67842,67847,67849,67853,67858,67860,67931,67933,67962,67968,67970,67997,68000,68023,68027,68030,68052,68055,68078,68080,68140,68142,68174,68180,68185,68238,68240,68265,68268,68317,68319,68340,68344,68349,68352,68407,68409,68436,68443,68447,68452,68523,68526,68540,68545,68550,68552,68566,68578,68583,68585,68590,68595,68599,68602,68608,68614,68621,68629,68631,68664],[10,66768,54890,66770,18],{"id":66769},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66771,54816],{},[20,66773,66774,66776],{},[15,66775,54459],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66778,66779],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66781,189,66782,66784,66785,134],{},[15,66783,54816],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[348,66786,56068,66787,2689],{"href":57317},[15,66788,53200],{},[39,66790,66792],{"className":41,"code":66791,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66793,66794,66814,66832,66842],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66795,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66797,2232],{"class":54},[48,66799,59],{"class":58},[48,66801,4404],{"class":62},[48,66803,3770],{"class":99},[48,66805,87],{"class":62},[48,66807,632],{"class":99},[48,66809,87],{"class":62},[48,66811,3241],{"class":99},[48,66813,1465],{"class":62},[48,66815,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,66817,2411],{"class":54},[48,66819,134],{"class":62},[48,66821,54499],{"class":137},[48,66823,151],{"class":62},[48,66825,2842],{"class":99},[48,66827,87],{"class":62},[48,66829,800],{"class":99},[48,66831,162],{"class":62},[48,66833,66834,66836,66838,66840],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,66835,276],{"class":147},[48,66837,151],{"class":62},[48,66839,2411],{"class":137},[48,66841,162],{"class":62},[48,66843,66844],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,66845,53271],{"class":4445},[20,66847,189,66848,66851],{},[15,66849,66850],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[34,66853,196,66855,199],{"id":66854},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66856,54459],{},[20,66858,66859,76],{},[15,66860,54459],{},[209,66862,66863,66866,66869,66871],{},[212,66864,66865],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[212,66867,66868],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[212,66870,54976],{},[212,66872,12175,66873],{},[15,66874,4560],{},[20,66876,66877,66878,66880],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66879,54816],{}," does not create a new list.",[34,66882,6209],{"id":6208},[39,66884,66886],{"className":41,"code":66885,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66887,66888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66889,66890,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66891,9106],{"class":54},[48,66893,134],{"class":62},[48,66895,54499],{"class":137},[48,66897,151],{"class":62},[48,66899,36384],{"class":137},[48,66901,87],{"class":62},[48,66903,30040],{"class":137},[48,66905,162],{"class":62},[209,66907,66908,66913,66918],{},[212,66909,66910,66912],{},[15,66911,36384],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[212,66914,66915,66917],{},[15,66916,1967],{}," is the value to add",[212,66919,66920,66921],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66922,2904],{},[20,66924,226],{},[39,66926,66928],{"className":41,"code":66927,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66929,66930,66954,66976],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66931,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66933,36629],{"class":54},[48,66935,59],{"class":58},[48,66937,4404],{"class":62},[48,66939,67],{"class":66},[48,66941,348],{"class":70},[48,66943,67],{"class":66},[48,66945,87],{"class":62},[48,66947,79],{"class":66},[48,66949,2265],{"class":70},[48,66951,67],{"class":66},[48,66953,1465],{"class":62},[48,66955,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,66957,36682],{"class":54},[48,66959,134],{"class":62},[48,66961,54499],{"class":137},[48,66963,151],{"class":62},[48,66965,3770],{"class":99},[48,66967,87],{"class":62},[48,66969,79],{"class":66},[48,66971,2059],{"class":70},[48,66973,67],{"class":66},[48,66975,162],{"class":62},[48,66977,66978,66980,66982,66984],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,66979,276],{"class":147},[48,66981,151],{"class":62},[48,66983,36682],{"class":137},[48,66985,162],{"class":62},[20,66987,168],{},[39,66989,66990],{"className":41,"code":43419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,66991,66992],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66993,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66995,682],{"class":62},[48,66997,311],{"class":66},[48,66999,348],{"class":70},[48,67001,311],{"class":66},[48,67003,87],{"class":62},[48,67005,320],{"class":66},[48,67007,2059],{"class":70},[48,67009,311],{"class":66},[48,67011,87],{"class":62},[48,67013,320],{"class":66},[48,67015,2265],{"class":70},[48,67017,311],{"class":66},[48,67019,1465],{"class":62},[20,67021,21489,67022,67024,67025,67027,67028,5174,67030,134],{},[15,67023,66146],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,67026,3770],{},", so it appears between ",[15,67029,18819],{},[15,67031,67032],{},"\"c\"",[34,67034,6564],{"id":6563},[20,67036,67037],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[39,67039,67041],{"className":41,"code":67040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,67042,67043,67075,67093,67097,67119],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67044,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67046,1119],{"class":54},[48,67048,59],{"class":58},[48,67050,4404],{"class":62},[48,67052,67],{"class":66},[48,67054,1137],{"class":70},[48,67056,67],{"class":66},[48,67058,87],{"class":62},[48,67060,79],{"class":66},[48,67062,13848],{"class":70},[48,67064,67],{"class":66},[48,67066,87],{"class":62},[48,67068,79],{"class":66},[48,67070,18179],{"class":70},[48,67072,67],{"class":66},[48,67074,1465],{"class":62},[48,67076,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67078,276],{"class":147},[48,67080,151],{"class":62},[48,67082,67],{"class":66},[48,67084,12311],{"class":70},[48,67086,67],{"class":66},[48,67088,87],{"class":62},[48,67090,13862],{"class":137},[48,67092,162],{"class":62},[48,67094,67095],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,67096,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,67098,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,67100,1196],{"class":54},[48,67102,134],{"class":62},[48,67104,54499],{"class":137},[48,67106,151],{"class":62},[48,67108,3770],{"class":99},[48,67110,87],{"class":62},[48,67112,79],{"class":66},[48,67114,1155],{"class":70},[48,67116,67],{"class":66},[48,67118,162],{"class":62},[48,67120,67121,67123,67125,67127,67130,67132,67134,67136],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,67122,276],{"class":147},[48,67124,151],{"class":62},[48,67126,67],{"class":66},[48,67128,67129],{"class":70},"After: ",[48,67131,67],{"class":66},[48,67133,87],{"class":62},[48,67135,13862],{"class":137},[48,67137,162],{"class":62},[20,67139,168],{},[39,67141,67143],{"className":41,"code":67142,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,67144,67145,67177],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67146,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67148,12371],{"class":54},[48,67150,76],{"class":62},[48,67152,4404],{"class":62},[48,67154,311],{"class":66},[48,67156,1137],{"class":70},[48,67158,311],{"class":66},[48,67160,87],{"class":62},[48,67162,320],{"class":66},[48,67164,13848],{"class":70},[48,67166,311],{"class":66},[48,67168,87],{"class":62},[48,67170,320],{"class":66},[48,67172,18179],{"class":70},[48,67174,311],{"class":66},[48,67176,1465],{"class":62},[48,67178,67179,67181,67183,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67180,12424],{"class":54},[48,67182,76],{"class":62},[48,67184,67185],{"class":62},"  [",[48,67187,311],{"class":66},[48,67189,1137],{"class":70},[48,67191,311],{"class":66},[48,67193,87],{"class":62},[48,67195,320],{"class":66},[48,67197,1155],{"class":70},[48,67199,311],{"class":66},[48,67201,87],{"class":62},[48,67203,320],{"class":66},[48,67205,13848],{"class":70},[48,67207,311],{"class":66},[48,67209,87],{"class":62},[48,67211,320],{"class":66},[48,67213,18179],{"class":70},[48,67215,311],{"class":66},[48,67217,1465],{"class":62},[20,67219,67220,67221,67223],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,67222,3770],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[34,67225,67227],{"id":67226},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,67229,22,67230,35867,67232,67235],{},[15,67231,36384],{},[15,67233,67234],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1752,67237,67239],{"id":67238},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,67241,67242,67243,67245],{},"Use index ",[15,67244,2904],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[39,67247,67249],{"className":41,"code":67248,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67250,67251,67272,67291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67252,67253,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67254,67255],{"class":54},"nums ",[48,67257,59],{"class":58},[48,67259,4404],{"class":62},[48,67261,2842],{"class":99},[48,67263,87],{"class":62},[48,67265,800],{"class":99},[48,67267,87],{"class":62},[48,67269,3241],{"class":99},[48,67271,1465],{"class":62},[48,67273,67274,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67275,67276],{"class":54},"nums",[48,67278,134],{"class":62},[48,67280,54499],{"class":137},[48,67282,151],{"class":62},[48,67284,2904],{"class":99},[48,67286,87],{"class":62},[48,67288,618],{"class":99},[48,67290,162],{"class":62},[48,67292,67293,67295,67297,67299],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,67294,276],{"class":147},[48,67296,151],{"class":62},[48,67298,67276],{"class":137},[48,67300,162],{"class":62},[20,67302,168],{},[39,67304,67305],{"className":41,"code":54053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,67306,67307],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67308,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67310,682],{"class":62},[48,67312,3770],{"class":99},[48,67314,87],{"class":62},[48,67316,632],{"class":99},[48,67318,87],{"class":62},[48,67320,800],{"class":99},[48,67322,87],{"class":62},[48,67324,3241],{"class":99},[48,67326,1465],{"class":62},[1752,67328,67330],{"id":67329},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67332,67333],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[39,67335,67337],{"className":41,"code":67336,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67338,67339,67359,67377],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67340,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67342,67255],{"class":54},[48,67344,59],{"class":58},[48,67346,4404],{"class":62},[48,67348,3770],{"class":99},[48,67350,87],{"class":62},[48,67352,632],{"class":99},[48,67354,87],{"class":62},[48,67356,3241],{"class":99},[48,67358,1465],{"class":62},[48,67360,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67362,67276],{"class":54},[48,67364,134],{"class":62},[48,67366,54499],{"class":137},[48,67368,151],{"class":62},[48,67370,2842],{"class":99},[48,67372,87],{"class":62},[48,67374,800],{"class":99},[48,67376,162],{"class":62},[48,67378,67379,67381,67383,67385],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,67380,276],{"class":147},[48,67382,151],{"class":62},[48,67384,67276],{"class":137},[48,67386,162],{"class":62},[20,67388,168],{},[39,67390,67391],{"className":41,"code":54053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,67392,67393],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67394,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67396,682],{"class":62},[48,67398,3770],{"class":99},[48,67400,87],{"class":62},[48,67402,632],{"class":99},[48,67404,87],{"class":62},[48,67406,800],{"class":99},[48,67408,87],{"class":62},[48,67410,3241],{"class":99},[48,67412,1465],{"class":62},[1752,67414,67416],{"id":67415},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67418,67419],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[39,67421,67423],{"className":41,"code":67422,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67424,67425,67445,67463],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67426,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67428,67255],{"class":54},[48,67430,59],{"class":58},[48,67432,4404],{"class":62},[48,67434,3770],{"class":99},[48,67436,87],{"class":62},[48,67438,632],{"class":99},[48,67440,87],{"class":62},[48,67442,800],{"class":99},[48,67444,1465],{"class":62},[48,67446,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67448,67276],{"class":54},[48,67450,134],{"class":62},[48,67452,54499],{"class":137},[48,67454,151],{"class":62},[48,67456,3114],{"class":99},[48,67458,87],{"class":62},[48,67460,3241],{"class":99},[48,67462,162],{"class":62},[48,67464,67465,67467,67469,67471],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,67466,276],{"class":147},[48,67468,151],{"class":62},[48,67470,67276],{"class":137},[48,67472,162],{"class":62},[20,67474,168],{},[39,67476,67477],{"className":41,"code":54053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,67478,67479],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67480,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67482,682],{"class":62},[48,67484,3770],{"class":99},[48,67486,87],{"class":62},[48,67488,632],{"class":99},[48,67490,87],{"class":62},[48,67492,800],{"class":99},[48,67494,87],{"class":62},[48,67496,3241],{"class":99},[48,67498,1465],{"class":62},[1752,67500,67502],{"id":67501},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67504,67505,67506,67508],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67507,54816],{}," places the item before that position.",[39,67510,67512],{"className":41,"code":67511,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67513,67514,67546,67570],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67515,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67517,36629],{"class":54},[48,67519,59],{"class":58},[48,67521,4404],{"class":62},[48,67523,67],{"class":66},[48,67525,348],{"class":70},[48,67527,67],{"class":66},[48,67529,87],{"class":62},[48,67531,79],{"class":66},[48,67533,2059],{"class":70},[48,67535,67],{"class":66},[48,67537,87],{"class":62},[48,67539,79],{"class":66},[48,67541,2324],{"class":70},[48,67543,67],{"class":66},[48,67545,1465],{"class":62},[48,67547,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67549,36682],{"class":54},[48,67551,134],{"class":62},[48,67553,54499],{"class":137},[48,67555,151],{"class":62},[48,67557,2807],{"class":58},[48,67559,3770],{"class":99},[48,67561,87],{"class":62},[48,67563,79],{"class":66},[48,67565,2265],{"class":70},[48,67567,67],{"class":66},[48,67569,162],{"class":62},[48,67571,67572,67574,67576,67578],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,67573,276],{"class":147},[48,67575,151],{"class":62},[48,67577,36682],{"class":137},[48,67579,162],{"class":62},[20,67581,168],{},[39,67583,67585],{"className":41,"code":67584,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67586,67587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67588,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607,67609,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67590,682],{"class":62},[48,67592,311],{"class":66},[48,67594,348],{"class":70},[48,67596,311],{"class":66},[48,67598,87],{"class":62},[48,67600,320],{"class":66},[48,67602,2059],{"class":70},[48,67604,311],{"class":66},[48,67606,87],{"class":62},[48,67608,320],{"class":66},[48,67610,2265],{"class":70},[48,67612,311],{"class":66},[48,67614,87],{"class":62},[48,67616,320],{"class":66},[48,67618,2324],{"class":70},[48,67620,311],{"class":66},[48,67622,1465],{"class":62},[20,67624,67625,67626,3087],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[348,67627,67628],{"href":51526},"Python lists beginner guide",[34,67630,67632,1306,67634],{"id":67631},"insert-vs-append",[15,67633,54816],{},[15,67635,53200],{},[20,67637,67638],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1752,67640,189,67642,11355],{"id":67641},"use-insert-when",[15,67643,54816],{},[209,67645,67646,67649],{},[212,67647,67648],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[212,67650,67651],{},"The order of the list matters",[1752,67653,189,67655,11355],{"id":67654},"use-append-when",[15,67656,53200],{},[209,67658,67659,67662],{},[212,67660,67661],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[212,67663,67664],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67666,226],{},[39,67668,67670],{"className":41,"code":67669,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67671,67672,67696,67700,67722,67732,67736,67754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67673,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67675,8549],{"class":54},[48,67677,59],{"class":58},[48,67679,4404],{"class":62},[48,67681,67],{"class":66},[48,67683,1128],{"class":70},[48,67685,67],{"class":66},[48,67687,87],{"class":62},[48,67689,79],{"class":66},[48,67691,33756],{"class":70},[48,67693,67],{"class":66},[48,67695,1465],{"class":62},[48,67697,67698],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67699,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,67701,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,67703,138],{"class":54},[48,67705,134],{"class":62},[48,67707,54499],{"class":137},[48,67709,151],{"class":62},[48,67711,3770],{"class":99},[48,67713,87],{"class":62},[48,67715,79],{"class":66},[48,67717,1146],{"class":70},[48,67719,67],{"class":66},[48,67721,162],{"class":62},[48,67723,67724,67726,67728,67730],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,67725,276],{"class":147},[48,67727,151],{"class":62},[48,67729,138],{"class":137},[48,67731,162],{"class":62},[48,67733,67734],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,67735,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,67737,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,67739,138],{"class":54},[48,67741,134],{"class":62},[48,67743,14287],{"class":137},[48,67745,151],{"class":62},[48,67747,67],{"class":66},[48,67749,1164],{"class":70},[48,67751,67],{"class":66},[48,67753,162],{"class":62},[48,67755,67756,67758,67760,67762],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,67757,276],{"class":147},[48,67759,151],{"class":62},[48,67761,138],{"class":137},[48,67763,162],{"class":62},[20,67765,168],{},[39,67767,67769],{"className":41,"code":67768,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67770,67771,67799],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67772,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67774,682],{"class":62},[48,67776,311],{"class":66},[48,67778,1128],{"class":70},[48,67780,311],{"class":66},[48,67782,87],{"class":62},[48,67784,320],{"class":66},[48,67786,1146],{"class":70},[48,67788,311],{"class":66},[48,67790,87],{"class":62},[48,67792,320],{"class":66},[48,67794,33756],{"class":70},[48,67796,311],{"class":66},[48,67798,1465],{"class":62},[48,67800,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831,67833],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67802,682],{"class":62},[48,67804,311],{"class":66},[48,67806,1128],{"class":70},[48,67808,311],{"class":66},[48,67810,87],{"class":62},[48,67812,320],{"class":66},[48,67814,1146],{"class":70},[48,67816,311],{"class":66},[48,67818,87],{"class":62},[48,67820,320],{"class":66},[48,67822,33756],{"class":70},[48,67824,311],{"class":66},[48,67826,87],{"class":62},[48,67828,320],{"class":66},[48,67830,1164],{"class":70},[48,67832,311],{"class":66},[48,67834,1465],{"class":62},[20,67836,67837,67838,134],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[348,67839,56068,67840,2689],{"href":57317},[15,67841,53200],{},[20,67843,67844,67845,134],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[348,67846,53597],{"href":53596},[34,67848,5300],{"id":5299},[20,67850,15463,67851,134],{},[15,67852,54816],{},[1752,67854,13338,67856],{"id":67855},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67857,54816],{},[20,67859,26222],{},[39,67861,67863],{"className":41,"code":67862,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67864,67865,67885,67907,67911,67921],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67866,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67868,2232],{"class":54},[48,67870,59],{"class":58},[48,67872,4404],{"class":62},[48,67874,3770],{"class":99},[48,67876,87],{"class":62},[48,67878,632],{"class":99},[48,67880,87],{"class":62},[48,67882,800],{"class":99},[48,67884,1465],{"class":62},[48,67886,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67888,449],{"class":54},[48,67890,59],{"class":58},[48,67892,2292],{"class":54},[48,67894,134],{"class":62},[48,67896,54499],{"class":137},[48,67898,151],{"class":62},[48,67900,3770],{"class":99},[48,67902,87],{"class":62},[48,67904,10952],{"class":99},[48,67906,162],{"class":62},[48,67908,67909],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,67910,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,67912,67913,67915,67917,67919],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,67914,276],{"class":147},[48,67916,151],{"class":62},[48,67918,474],{"class":137},[48,67920,162],{"class":62},[48,67922,67923,67925,67927,67929],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,67924,276],{"class":147},[48,67926,151],{"class":62},[48,67928,2411],{"class":137},[48,67930,162],{"class":62},[20,67932,168],{},[39,67934,67936],{"className":41,"code":67935,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67937,67938,67942],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67939,67940],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67941,12553],{"class":1642},[48,67943,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958,67960],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,67945,682],{"class":62},[48,67947,3770],{"class":99},[48,67949,87],{"class":62},[48,67951,10952],{"class":99},[48,67953,87],{"class":62},[48,67955,632],{"class":99},[48,67957,87],{"class":62},[48,67959,800],{"class":99},[48,67961,1465],{"class":62},[20,67963,67964,54701,67966,134],{},[15,67965,54816],{},[15,67967,4560],{},[20,67969,17372],{},[39,67971,67973],{"className":41,"code":67972,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67974,67975],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67976,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67978,56438],{"class":54},[48,67980,59],{"class":58},[48,67982,2292],{"class":54},[48,67984,134],{"class":62},[48,67986,54499],{"class":137},[48,67988,151],{"class":62},[48,67990,3770],{"class":99},[48,67992,87],{"class":62},[48,67994,10952],{"class":99},[48,67996,162],{"class":62},[20,67998,67999],{},"Right:",[39,68001,68003],{"className":41,"code":68002,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68004,68005],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68006,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68008,2411],{"class":54},[48,68010,134],{"class":62},[48,68012,54499],{"class":137},[48,68014,151],{"class":62},[48,68016,3770],{"class":99},[48,68018,87],{"class":62},[48,68020,10952],{"class":99},[48,68022,162],{"class":62},[1752,68024,68026],{"id":68025},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,68028,68029],{},"The correct order is:",[39,68031,68032],{"className":41,"code":66885,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68033,68034],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68035,68036,68038,68040,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68037,9106],{"class":54},[48,68039,134],{"class":62},[48,68041,54499],{"class":137},[48,68043,151],{"class":62},[48,68045,36384],{"class":137},[48,68047,87],{"class":62},[48,68049,30040],{"class":137},[48,68051,162],{"class":62},[20,68053,68054],{},"Not:",[39,68056,68058],{"className":41,"code":68057,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,68059,68060],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68061,68062,68064,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68063,9106],{"class":54},[48,68065,134],{"class":62},[48,68067,54499],{"class":137},[48,68069,151],{"class":62},[48,68071,1967],{"class":137},[48,68073,87],{"class":62},[48,68075,36359],{"class":137},[48,68077,162],{"class":62},[20,68079,226],{},[39,68081,68082],{"className":41,"code":66927,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68083,68084,68108,68130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68085,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098,68100,68102,68104,68106],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68087,36629],{"class":54},[48,68089,59],{"class":58},[48,68091,4404],{"class":62},[48,68093,67],{"class":66},[48,68095,348],{"class":70},[48,68097,67],{"class":66},[48,68099,87],{"class":62},[48,68101,79],{"class":66},[48,68103,2265],{"class":70},[48,68105,67],{"class":66},[48,68107,1465],{"class":62},[48,68109,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118,68120,68122,68124,68126,68128],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,68111,36682],{"class":54},[48,68113,134],{"class":62},[48,68115,54499],{"class":137},[48,68117,151],{"class":62},[48,68119,3770],{"class":99},[48,68121,87],{"class":62},[48,68123,79],{"class":66},[48,68125,2059],{"class":70},[48,68127,67],{"class":66},[48,68129,162],{"class":62},[48,68131,68132,68134,68136,68138],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,68133,276],{"class":147},[48,68135,151],{"class":62},[48,68137,36682],{"class":137},[48,68139,162],{"class":62},[20,68141,168],{},[39,68143,68144],{"className":41,"code":43419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68145,68146],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68147,68148,68150,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170,68172],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68149,682],{"class":62},[48,68151,311],{"class":66},[48,68153,348],{"class":70},[48,68155,311],{"class":66},[48,68157,87],{"class":62},[48,68159,320],{"class":66},[48,68161,2059],{"class":70},[48,68163,311],{"class":66},[48,68165,87],{"class":62},[48,68167,320],{"class":66},[48,68169,2265],{"class":70},[48,68171,311],{"class":66},[48,68173,1465],{"class":62},[1752,68175,2015,68177,68179],{"id":68176},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,68178,54816],{}," to replace an item",[20,68181,68182,68184],{},[15,68183,54816],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[39,68186,68188],{"className":41,"code":68187,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68189,68190,68210,68228],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68191,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206,68208],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68193,2232],{"class":54},[48,68195,59],{"class":58},[48,68197,4404],{"class":62},[48,68199,3770],{"class":99},[48,68201,87],{"class":62},[48,68203,632],{"class":99},[48,68205,87],{"class":62},[48,68207,800],{"class":99},[48,68209,1465],{"class":62},[48,68211,68212,68214,68216,68218,68220,68222,68224,68226],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,68213,2411],{"class":54},[48,68215,134],{"class":62},[48,68217,54499],{"class":137},[48,68219,151],{"class":62},[48,68221,3770],{"class":99},[48,68223,87],{"class":62},[48,68225,10952],{"class":99},[48,68227,162],{"class":62},[48,68229,68230,68232,68234,68236],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,68231,276],{"class":147},[48,68233,151],{"class":62},[48,68235,2411],{"class":137},[48,68237,162],{"class":62},[20,68239,168],{},[39,68241,68243],{"className":41,"code":68242,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68244,68245],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68246,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259,68261,68263],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68248,682],{"class":62},[48,68250,3770],{"class":99},[48,68252,87],{"class":62},[48,68254,10952],{"class":99},[48,68256,87],{"class":62},[48,68258,632],{"class":99},[48,68260,87],{"class":62},[48,68262,800],{"class":99},[48,68264,1465],{"class":62},[20,68266,68267],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[39,68269,68271],{"className":41,"code":68270,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68272,68273,68293,68307],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68274,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68276,2232],{"class":54},[48,68278,59],{"class":58},[48,68280,4404],{"class":62},[48,68282,3770],{"class":99},[48,68284,87],{"class":62},[48,68286,632],{"class":99},[48,68288,87],{"class":62},[48,68290,800],{"class":99},[48,68292,1465],{"class":62},[48,68294,68295,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,68296,2411],{"class":54},[48,68298,682],{"class":62},[48,68300,3770],{"class":99},[48,68302,692],{"class":62},[48,68304,695],{"class":58},[48,68306,14861],{"class":99},[48,68308,68309,68311,68313,68315],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,68310,276],{"class":147},[48,68312,151],{"class":62},[48,68314,2411],{"class":137},[48,68316,162],{"class":62},[20,68318,168],{},[39,68320,68322],{"className":41,"code":68321,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68323,68324],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68325,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68327,682],{"class":62},[48,68329,3770],{"class":99},[48,68331,87],{"class":62},[48,68333,10952],{"class":99},[48,68335,87],{"class":62},[48,68337,800],{"class":99},[48,68339,1465],{"class":62},[1752,68341,68343],{"id":68342},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68345,68346,68348],{},[15,68347,54816],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68350,68351],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[39,68353,68355],{"className":41,"code":68354,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68356,68357,68373,68397],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68358,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68360,2232],{"class":54},[48,68362,59],{"class":58},[48,68364,4404],{"class":62},[48,68366,3770],{"class":99},[48,68368,87],{"class":62},[48,68370,3241],{"class":99},[48,68372,1465],{"class":62},[48,68374,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,68376,2411],{"class":54},[48,68378,134],{"class":62},[48,68380,54499],{"class":137},[48,68382,151],{"class":62},[48,68384,3770],{"class":99},[48,68386,87],{"class":62},[48,68388,4404],{"class":62},[48,68390,2842],{"class":99},[48,68392,87],{"class":62},[48,68394,800],{"class":99},[48,68396,4670],{"class":62},[48,68398,68399,68401,68403,68405],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,68400,276],{"class":147},[48,68402,151],{"class":62},[48,68404,2411],{"class":137},[48,68406,162],{"class":62},[20,68408,168],{},[39,68410,68412],{"className":41,"code":68411,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68413,68414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68415,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68417,682],{"class":62},[48,68419,3770],{"class":99},[48,68421,87],{"class":62},[48,68423,4404],{"class":62},[48,68425,2842],{"class":99},[48,68427,87],{"class":62},[48,68429,800],{"class":99},[48,68431,18785],{"class":62},[48,68433,3241],{"class":99},[48,68435,1465],{"class":62},[20,68437,68438,68439,134],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[348,68440,56068,68441,2689],{"href":53892},[15,68442,53994],{},[1752,68444,68446],{"id":68445},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68448,9642,68449,68451],{},[15,68450,54816],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[39,68453,68455],{"className":41,"code":68454,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68456,68457,68467,68481,68499,68513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68458,68459,68461,68463,68465],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68460,276],{"class":147},[48,68462,151],{"class":62},[48,68464,9106],{"class":137},[48,68466,162],{"class":62},[48,68468,68469,68471,68473,68475,68477,68479],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,68470,276],{"class":147},[48,68472,151],{"class":62},[48,68474,11914],{"class":147},[48,68476,151],{"class":62},[48,68478,9106],{"class":137},[48,68480,670],{"class":62},[48,68482,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,68484,276],{"class":147},[48,68486,151],{"class":62},[48,68488,9106],{"class":137},[48,68490,134],{"class":62},[48,68492,54499],{"class":25281},[48,68494,134],{"class":62},[48,68496,34982],{"class":34989},[48,68498,162],{"class":62},[48,68500,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,68502,32687],{"class":147},[48,68504,151],{"class":62},[48,68506,282],{"class":281},[48,68508,134],{"class":62},[48,68510,54499],{"class":25281},[48,68512,162],{"class":62},[48,68514,68515,68517,68519,68521],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,68516,2094],{"class":281},[48,68518,151],{"class":62},[48,68520,9106],{"class":137},[48,68522,162],{"class":62},[20,68524,68525],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[209,68527,68528,68531,68534,68537],{},[212,68529,68530],{},"What is currently in the list",[212,68532,68533],{},"How long the list is",[212,68535,68536],{},"That you are working with a real list",[212,68538,68539],{},"How Python describes the method",[34,68541,1545,68543],{"id":68542},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68544,54816],{},[20,68546,189,68547,68549],{},[15,68548,54816],{}," when position matters.",[20,68551,36965],{},[209,68553,68554,68557,68560,68563],{},[212,68555,68556],{},"Ordered menus",[212,68558,68559],{},"Rankings or score lists",[212,68561,68562],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[212,68564,68565],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68567,68568,68569,68571,68572,68574,68575,68577],{},"You usually do ",[166,68570,5413],{}," need ",[15,68573,54816],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68576,53200],{}," is simpler.",[20,68579,68580,68581,134],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[348,68582,57703],{"href":57702},[34,68584,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,68586,2606,68588,56017],{"id":68587},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68589,54459],{},[20,68591,68592,68593,134],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68594,4560],{},[1752,68596,68598],{"id":68597},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68600,68601],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1752,68603,5947,68605,68607],{"id":68604},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68606,54459],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68609,68610,68611,68613],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68612,53994],{}," or slicing.",[1752,68615,5957,68617,5174,68619,2623],{"id":68616},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68618,54816],{},[15,68620,53200],{},[20,68622,68623,68625,68626,68628],{},[15,68624,54816],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68627,53200],{}," adds only at the end.",[34,68630,2679],{"id":2678},[209,68632,68633,68639,68645,68649,68653,68657],{},[212,68634,68635],{},[348,68636,56068,68637,2689],{"href":57317},[15,68638,53200],{},[212,68640,68641],{},[348,68642,56068,68643,2689],{"href":53892},[15,68644,53994],{},[212,68646,68647],{},[348,68648,54826],{"href":53596},[212,68650,68651],{},[348,68652,53319],{"href":51526},[212,68654,68655],{},[348,68656,57777],{"href":57702},[212,68658,68659],{},[348,68660,30881,68661,34169],{"href":54844},[15,68662,68663],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2711,68665,68666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":68668},[68669,68671,68672,68673,68679,68686,68695,68697,68706],{"id":66854,"depth":106,"text":68670},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6208,"depth":106,"text":6209},{"id":6563,"depth":106,"text":6564},{"id":67226,"depth":106,"text":67227,"children":68674},[68675,68676,68677,68678],{"id":67238,"depth":113,"text":67239},{"id":67329,"depth":113,"text":67330},{"id":67415,"depth":113,"text":67416},{"id":67501,"depth":113,"text":67502},{"id":67631,"depth":106,"text":68680,"children":68681},"insert() vs append()",[68682,68684],{"id":67641,"depth":113,"text":68683},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67654,"depth":113,"text":68685},"Use append() when:",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":68687},[68688,68690,68691,68693,68694],{"id":67855,"depth":113,"text":68689},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":68025,"depth":113,"text":68026},{"id":68176,"depth":113,"text":68692},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68342,"depth":113,"text":68343},{"id":68445,"depth":113,"text":68446},{"id":68542,"depth":106,"text":68696},"When to use insert()",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":68698},[68699,68701,68702,68704],{"id":68587,"depth":113,"text":68700},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68597,"depth":113,"text":68598},{"id":68604,"depth":113,"text":68703},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68616,"depth":113,"text":68705},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66764,"description":68707},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68714,"title":68715,"body":68716,"description":70271,"extension":2749,"meta":70272,"navigation":109,"path":59522,"seo":70273,"stem":70274,"__hash__":70275},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68717,"toc":70244},[68718,68724,68733,68782,68784,68792,68798,68800,68818,68824,68829,68832,68835,68850,68852,68904,68906,68914,68922,68929,68931,68937,69002,69004,69012,69014,69033,69036,69087,69091,69096,69123,69125,69133,69136,69205,69207,69222,69228,69232,69241,69244,69299,69301,69309,69312,69314,69359,69361,69369,69375,69377,69385,69388,69390,69429,69431,69470,69475,69477,69479,69514,69517,69519,69557,69561,69567,69569,69620,69622,69630,69637,69640,69661,69664,69719,69730,69732,69793,69795,69804,69811,69817,69820,69823,69880,69883,69896,69903,69909,69915,69917,69930,69933,70030,70032,70049,70052,70134,70136,70158,70165,70171,70173,70177,70183,70189,70194,70198,70201,70207,70214,70216,70241],[10,68719,68721,68722,4442],{"id":68720},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68723,11914],{},[20,68725,68726,68727,68729,68730,68732],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68728,42904],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68731,42904],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[39,68734,68736],{"className":41,"code":68735,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68737,68738,68758,68772],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68739,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68741,2232],{"class":54},[48,68743,59],{"class":58},[48,68745,4404],{"class":62},[48,68747,3114],{"class":99},[48,68749,87],{"class":62},[48,68751,2506],{"class":99},[48,68753,87],{"class":62},[48,68755,8564],{"class":99},[48,68757,1465],{"class":62},[48,68759,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,68761,41784],{"class":54},[48,68763,59],{"class":58},[48,68765,38927],{"class":147},[48,68767,151],{"class":62},[48,68769,2411],{"class":137},[48,68771,162],{"class":62},[48,68773,68774,68776,68778,68780],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,68775,276],{"class":147},[48,68777,151],{"class":62},[48,68779,41802],{"class":137},[48,68781,162],{"class":62},[20,68783,168],{},[39,68785,68786],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68787,68788],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68789,68790],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68791,47162],{"class":99},[20,68793,189,68794,68797],{},[15,68795,68796],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[34,68799,15891],{"id":15890},[209,68801,68802,68807,68812,68815],{},[212,68803,4979,68804,68806],{},[15,68805,42904],{}," works with Python lists",[212,68808,68809,68810,12453],{},"What value ",[15,68811,42904],{},[212,68813,68814],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[212,68816,68817],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[34,68819,196,68821,68823],{"id":68820},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68822,42904],{}," returns for a list",[20,68825,68826,65636],{},[15,68827,68828],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68830,68831],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68833,68834],{},"A few important points:",[209,68836,68837,68840,68845],{},[212,68838,68839],{},"It counts list items",[212,68841,41448,68842,68844],{},[166,68843,5413],{}," count characters inside a string item",[212,68846,68847,68848],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68849,2904],{},[20,68851,226],{},[39,68853,68855],{"className":41,"code":68854,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68856,68857,68890],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68858,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68860,4852],{"class":54},[48,68862,59],{"class":58},[48,68864,4404],{"class":62},[48,68866,67],{"class":66},[48,68868,37587],{"class":70},[48,68870,67],{"class":66},[48,68872,87],{"class":62},[48,68874,79],{"class":66},[48,68876,68877],{"class":70},"elephant",[48,68879,67],{"class":66},[48,68881,87],{"class":62},[48,68883,79],{"class":66},[48,68885,58676],{"class":70},[48,68887,67],{"class":66},[48,68889,1465],{"class":62},[48,68891,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,68893,276],{"class":147},[48,68895,151],{"class":62},[48,68897,11914],{"class":147},[48,68899,151],{"class":62},[48,68901,4894],{"class":137},[48,68903,670],{"class":62},[20,68905,168],{},[39,68907,68908],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68909,68910],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68911,68912],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68913,47162],{"class":99},[20,68915,21695,68916,68919,68920,65643],{},[15,68917,68918],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[166,68921,53204],{},[20,68923,68924,68925,134],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[348,68926,4356,68927,4289],{"href":42901},[15,68928,42904],{},[34,68930,6564],{"id":6563},[20,68932,68933,68934,68936],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68935,42904],{},", and print the result.",[39,68938,68940],{"className":41,"code":68939,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68941,68942,68974,68988,68992],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68943,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68945,1119],{"class":54},[48,68947,59],{"class":58},[48,68949,4404],{"class":62},[48,68951,67],{"class":66},[48,68953,1137],{"class":70},[48,68955,67],{"class":66},[48,68957,87],{"class":62},[48,68959,79],{"class":66},[48,68961,18179],{"class":70},[48,68963,67],{"class":66},[48,68965,87],{"class":62},[48,68967,79],{"class":66},[48,68969,13848],{"class":70},[48,68971,67],{"class":66},[48,68973,1465],{"class":62},[48,68975,68976,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,68977,41784],{"class":54},[48,68979,59],{"class":58},[48,68981,38927],{"class":147},[48,68983,151],{"class":62},[48,68985,1196],{"class":137},[48,68987,162],{"class":62},[48,68989,68990],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,68991,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,68993,68994,68996,68998,69000],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,68995,276],{"class":147},[48,68997,151],{"class":62},[48,68999,41802],{"class":137},[48,69001,162],{"class":62},[20,69003,168],{},[39,69005,69006],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,69007,69008],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69009,69010],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69011,47162],{"class":99},[20,69013,12431],{},[209,69015,69016,69021,69028],{},[212,69017,69018,69020],{},[15,69019,1196],{}," is a list with 3 items",[212,69022,69023,3181,69026],{},[15,69024,69025],{},"len(colors)",[15,69027,2848],{},[212,69029,69030,69031],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,69032,41802],{},[20,69034,69035],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[39,69037,69039],{"className":41,"code":69038,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,69040,69041,69073],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69042,69043,69045,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69044,1119],{"class":54},[48,69046,59],{"class":58},[48,69048,4404],{"class":62},[48,69050,67],{"class":66},[48,69052,1137],{"class":70},[48,69054,67],{"class":66},[48,69056,87],{"class":62},[48,69058,79],{"class":66},[48,69060,18179],{"class":70},[48,69062,67],{"class":66},[48,69064,87],{"class":62},[48,69066,79],{"class":66},[48,69068,13848],{"class":70},[48,69070,67],{"class":66},[48,69072,1465],{"class":62},[48,69074,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69076,276],{"class":147},[48,69078,151],{"class":62},[48,69080,11914],{"class":147},[48,69082,151],{"class":62},[48,69084,1196],{"class":137},[48,69086,670],{"class":62},[34,69088,69090],{"id":69089},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,69092,69093,69094,134],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,69095,2904],{},[39,69097,69099],{"className":41,"code":69098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,69100,69101,69109],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69102,69103,69105,69107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69104,8549],{"class":54},[48,69106,59],{"class":58},[48,69108,8607],{"class":62},[48,69110,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119,69121],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69112,276],{"class":147},[48,69114,151],{"class":62},[48,69116,11914],{"class":147},[48,69118,151],{"class":62},[48,69120,138],{"class":137},[48,69122,670],{"class":62},[20,69124,168],{},[39,69126,69127],{"className":41,"code":47797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,69128,69129],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69130,69131],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69132,47797],{"class":99},[20,69134,69135],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[39,69137,69139],{"className":41,"code":69138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,69140,69141,69149,69153,69171,69185,69191],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69142,69143,69145,69147],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69144,8549],{"class":54},[48,69146,59],{"class":58},[48,69148,8607],{"class":62},[48,69150,69151],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69152,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,69154,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,69156,7767],{"class":116},[48,69158,38927],{"class":147},[48,69160,151],{"class":62},[48,69162,138],{"class":137},[48,69164,4442],{"class":62},[48,69166,38937],{"class":58},[48,69168,4616],{"class":99},[48,69170,1053],{"class":62},[48,69172,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,69174,148],{"class":147},[48,69176,151],{"class":62},[48,69178,138],{"class":137},[48,69180,682],{"class":62},[48,69182,2904],{"class":99},[48,69184,4670],{"class":62},[48,69186,69187,69189],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,69188,27966],{"class":116},[48,69190,1053],{"class":62},[48,69192,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,69194,148],{"class":147},[48,69196,151],{"class":62},[48,69198,67],{"class":66},[48,69200,52363],{"class":70},[48,69202,67],{"class":66},[48,69204,162],{"class":62},[20,69206,168],{},[39,69208,69210],{"className":41,"code":69209,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The list is empty\n",[15,69211,69212],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69213,69214,69216,69218,69220],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69215,22],{"class":54},[48,69217,282],{"class":281},[48,69219,8863],{"class":58},[48,69221,8869],{"class":54},[20,69223,69224,69225,69227],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[348,69226,53319],{"href":51526}," is a good next step.",[34,69229,69231],{"id":69230},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,69233,69234,69236,69237,69240],{},[15,69235,42904],{}," counts only the ",[166,69238,69239],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,69242,69243],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[39,69245,69247],{"className":41,"code":69246,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69248,69249,69285],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69250,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69252,602],{"class":54},[48,69254,59],{"class":58},[48,69256,56842],{"class":62},[48,69258,3770],{"class":99},[48,69260,87],{"class":62},[48,69262,632],{"class":99},[48,69264,18785],{"class":62},[48,69266,4404],{"class":62},[48,69268,2848],{"class":99},[48,69270,87],{"class":62},[48,69272,3241],{"class":99},[48,69274,18785],{"class":62},[48,69276,4404],{"class":62},[48,69278,2921],{"class":99},[48,69280,87],{"class":62},[48,69282,38184],{"class":99},[48,69284,53790],{"class":62},[48,69286,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69288,276],{"class":147},[48,69290,151],{"class":62},[48,69292,11914],{"class":147},[48,69294,151],{"class":62},[48,69296,679],{"class":137},[48,69298,670],{"class":62},[20,69300,168],{},[39,69302,69303],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,69304,69305],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69306,69307],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69308,47162],{"class":99},[20,69310,69311],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69313,52627],{},[39,69315,69317],{"className":41,"code":69316,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69318,69319,69345],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69320,69321,69323,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333,69335,69337,69339,69341,69343],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69322,60022],{"class":54},[48,69324,59],{"class":58},[48,69326,4404],{"class":62},[48,69328,3770],{"class":99},[48,69330,87],{"class":62},[48,69332,4404],{"class":62},[48,69334,2842],{"class":99},[48,69336,87],{"class":62},[48,69338,800],{"class":99},[48,69340,18785],{"class":62},[48,69342,3241],{"class":99},[48,69344,1465],{"class":62},[48,69346,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69348,276],{"class":147},[48,69350,151],{"class":62},[48,69352,11914],{"class":147},[48,69354,151],{"class":62},[48,69356,60075],{"class":137},[48,69358,670],{"class":62},[20,69360,168],{},[39,69362,69363],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,69364,69365],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69366,69367],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69368,47162],{"class":99},[20,69370,21695,69371,69374],{},[15,69372,69373],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[34,69376,5300],{"id":5299},[1752,69378,9185,69380,11844,69383],{"id":69379},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69381,69382],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69384,68828],{},[20,69386,69387],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69389,17372],{},[39,69391,69393],{"className":41,"code":69392,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69394,69395,69415],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69396,69397,69399,69401,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69398,2232],{"class":54},[48,69400,59],{"class":58},[48,69402,4404],{"class":62},[48,69404,3114],{"class":99},[48,69406,87],{"class":62},[48,69408,2506],{"class":99},[48,69410,87],{"class":62},[48,69412,8564],{"class":99},[48,69414,1465],{"class":62},[48,69416,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69418,276],{"class":147},[48,69420,151],{"class":62},[48,69422,2411],{"class":137},[48,69424,134],{"class":62},[48,69426,11914],{"class":137},[48,69428,1203],{"class":62},[20,69430,17384],{},[39,69432,69434],{"className":41,"code":69433,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69435,69436,69456],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69437,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448,69450,69452,69454],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69439,2232],{"class":54},[48,69441,59],{"class":58},[48,69443,4404],{"class":62},[48,69445,3114],{"class":99},[48,69447,87],{"class":62},[48,69449,2506],{"class":99},[48,69451,87],{"class":62},[48,69453,8564],{"class":99},[48,69455,1465],{"class":62},[48,69457,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69459,276],{"class":147},[48,69461,151],{"class":62},[48,69463,11914],{"class":147},[48,69465,151],{"class":62},[48,69467,2411],{"class":137},[48,69469,670],{"class":62},[20,69471,69472,69474],{},[15,69473,42904],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1752,69476,26219],{"id":26218},[20,69478,17372],{},[39,69480,69482],{"className":41,"code":69481,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69483,69484,69504],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69485,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69487,2232],{"class":54},[48,69489,59],{"class":58},[48,69491,4404],{"class":62},[48,69493,3114],{"class":99},[48,69495,87],{"class":62},[48,69497,2506],{"class":99},[48,69499,87],{"class":62},[48,69501,8564],{"class":99},[48,69503,1465],{"class":62},[48,69505,69506,69508,69510,69512],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69507,276],{"class":147},[48,69509,151],{"class":62},[48,69511,11914],{"class":147},[48,69513,162],{"class":62},[20,69515,69516],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69518,17384],{},[39,69520,69521],{"className":41,"code":69433,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,69522,69523,69543],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69524,69525,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69526,2232],{"class":54},[48,69528,59],{"class":58},[48,69530,4404],{"class":62},[48,69532,3114],{"class":99},[48,69534,87],{"class":62},[48,69536,2506],{"class":99},[48,69538,87],{"class":62},[48,69540,8564],{"class":99},[48,69542,1465],{"class":62},[48,69544,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69546,276],{"class":147},[48,69548,151],{"class":62},[48,69550,11914],{"class":147},[48,69552,151],{"class":62},[48,69554,2411],{"class":137},[48,69556,670],{"class":62},[1752,69558,69560],{"id":69559},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69562,69563,69564,69566],{},"The length of a list is ",[166,69565,5413],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69568,226],{},[39,69570,69572],{"className":41,"code":69571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69573,69574,69606],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69575,69576,69578,69580,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69577,36629],{"class":54},[48,69579,59],{"class":58},[48,69581,4404],{"class":62},[48,69583,67],{"class":66},[48,69585,348],{"class":70},[48,69587,67],{"class":66},[48,69589,87],{"class":62},[48,69591,79],{"class":66},[48,69593,2059],{"class":70},[48,69595,67],{"class":66},[48,69597,87],{"class":62},[48,69599,79],{"class":66},[48,69601,2265],{"class":70},[48,69603,67],{"class":66},[48,69605,1465],{"class":62},[48,69607,69608,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69609,276],{"class":147},[48,69611,151],{"class":62},[48,69613,11914],{"class":147},[48,69615,151],{"class":62},[48,69617,36682],{"class":137},[48,69619,670],{"class":62},[20,69621,168],{},[39,69623,69624],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,69625,69626],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69627,69628],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69629,47162],{"class":99},[20,69631,69632,69633,19684,69635,134],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69634,2842],{},[15,69636,2848],{},[20,69638,69639],{},"Indexes are:",[209,69641,69642,69649,69655],{},[212,69643,69644,69646,69647],{},[15,69645,2904],{}," for ",[15,69648,18819],{},[212,69650,69651,69646,69653],{},[15,69652,3770],{},[15,69654,66146],{},[212,69656,69657,69646,69659],{},[15,69658,2842],{},[15,69660,67032],{},[20,69662,69663],{},"So this causes an error:",[39,69665,69667],{"className":41,"code":69666,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69668,69669,69701],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69670,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69672,36629],{"class":54},[48,69674,59],{"class":58},[48,69676,4404],{"class":62},[48,69678,67],{"class":66},[48,69680,348],{"class":70},[48,69682,67],{"class":66},[48,69684,87],{"class":62},[48,69686,79],{"class":66},[48,69688,2059],{"class":70},[48,69690,67],{"class":66},[48,69692,87],{"class":62},[48,69694,79],{"class":66},[48,69696,2265],{"class":70},[48,69698,67],{"class":66},[48,69700,1465],{"class":62},[48,69702,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69704,276],{"class":147},[48,69706,151],{"class":62},[48,69708,36682],{"class":137},[48,69710,682],{"class":62},[48,69712,11914],{"class":147},[48,69714,151],{"class":62},[48,69716,36682],{"class":137},[48,69718,532],{"class":62},[20,69720,9262,69721,5565,69724,69726,69727,69729],{},[15,69722,69723],{},"len(letters)",[15,69725,2848],{},", and index ",[15,69728,2848],{}," does not exist.",[20,69731,19561],{},[39,69733,69735],{"className":41,"code":69734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69736,69737,69769],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69738,69739,69741,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753,69755,69757,69759,69761,69763,69765,69767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69740,36629],{"class":54},[48,69742,59],{"class":58},[48,69744,4404],{"class":62},[48,69746,67],{"class":66},[48,69748,348],{"class":70},[48,69750,67],{"class":66},[48,69752,87],{"class":62},[48,69754,79],{"class":66},[48,69756,2059],{"class":70},[48,69758,67],{"class":66},[48,69760,87],{"class":62},[48,69762,79],{"class":66},[48,69764,2265],{"class":70},[48,69766,67],{"class":66},[48,69768,1465],{"class":62},[48,69770,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69772,276],{"class":147},[48,69774,151],{"class":62},[48,69776,36682],{"class":137},[48,69778,682],{"class":62},[48,69780,11914],{"class":147},[48,69782,151],{"class":62},[48,69784,36682],{"class":137},[48,69786,4442],{"class":62},[48,69788,3006],{"class":58},[48,69790,618],{"class":99},[48,69792,4670],{"class":62},[20,69794,168],{},[39,69796,69798],{"className":41,"code":69797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"c\n",[15,69799,69800],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69801,69802],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69803,69797],{"class":54},[20,69805,69806,69807,134],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[348,69808,69810],{"href":69809},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1752,69812,9185,69814,69816],{"id":69813},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69815,42904],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69818,69819],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69821,69822],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[39,69824,69826],{"className":41,"code":69825,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69827,69828,69838,69852,69866],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69829,69830,69832,69834,69836],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69831,276],{"class":147},[48,69833,151],{"class":62},[48,69835,9106],{"class":137},[48,69837,162],{"class":62},[48,69839,69840,69842,69844,69846,69848,69850],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69841,276],{"class":147},[48,69843,151],{"class":62},[48,69845,11914],{"class":147},[48,69847,151],{"class":62},[48,69849,9106],{"class":137},[48,69851,670],{"class":62},[48,69853,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862,69864],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,69855,276],{"class":147},[48,69857,151],{"class":62},[48,69859,2094],{"class":281},[48,69861,151],{"class":62},[48,69863,9106],{"class":137},[48,69865,670],{"class":62},[48,69867,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,69869,276],{"class":147},[48,69871,151],{"class":62},[48,69873,9106],{"class":137},[48,69875,682],{"class":62},[48,69877,2904],{"class":99},[48,69879,4670],{"class":62},[20,69881,69882],{},"These help you verify:",[209,69884,69885,69888,69890,69893],{},[212,69886,69887],{},"what the variable contains",[212,69889,61334],{},[212,69891,69892],{},"whether it is really a list",[212,69894,69895],{},"what the first item is",[20,69897,69898,69899,69902],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69900,69901],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[34,69904,1545,69906,69908],{"id":69905},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69907,42904],{}," with lists",[20,69910,69911,69912,69914],{},"You will often use ",[15,69913,42904],{}," in real programs.",[20,69916,10130],{},[209,69918,69919,69921,69924,69927],{},[212,69920,52317],{},[212,69922,69923],{},"Control loops",[212,69925,69926],{},"Validate input or results",[212,69928,69929],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69931,69932],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[39,69934,69936],{"className":41,"code":69935,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69937,69938,69958,69974,69978,69992,70006],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69939,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69941,3338],{"class":54},[48,69943,59],{"class":58},[48,69945,4404],{"class":62},[48,69947,3770],{"class":99},[48,69949,87],{"class":62},[48,69951,632],{"class":99},[48,69953,87],{"class":62},[48,69955,800],{"class":99},[48,69957,1465],{"class":62},[48,69959,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,69961,3365],{"class":54},[48,69963,59],{"class":58},[48,69965,4404],{"class":62},[48,69967,3114],{"class":99},[48,69969,87],{"class":62},[48,69971,2506],{"class":99},[48,69973,1465],{"class":62},[48,69975,69976],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,69977,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,69979,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988,69990],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,69981,276],{"class":147},[48,69983,151],{"class":62},[48,69985,11914],{"class":147},[48,69987,151],{"class":62},[48,69989,348],{"class":137},[48,69991,670],{"class":62},[48,69993,69994,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,69995,276],{"class":147},[48,69997,151],{"class":62},[48,69999,11914],{"class":147},[48,70001,151],{"class":62},[48,70003,2059],{"class":137},[48,70005,670],{"class":62},[48,70007,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,70009,276],{"class":147},[48,70011,151],{"class":62},[48,70013,11914],{"class":147},[48,70015,151],{"class":62},[48,70017,348],{"class":137},[48,70019,4442],{"class":62},[48,70021,38937],{"class":58},[48,70023,38927],{"class":147},[48,70025,151],{"class":62},[48,70027,2059],{"class":137},[48,70029,670],{"class":62},[20,70031,168],{},[39,70033,70035],{"className":41,"code":70034,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,70036,70037,70041,70045],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70038,70039],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70040,47162],{"class":99},[48,70042,70043],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70044,17784],{"class":99},[48,70046,70047],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,70048,4761],{"class":1642},[20,70050,70051],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[39,70053,70055],{"className":41,"code":70054,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,70056,70057,70089,70093,70115],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70058,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70060,5776],{"class":54},[48,70062,59],{"class":58},[48,70064,4404],{"class":62},[48,70066,67],{"class":66},[48,70068,82],{"class":70},[48,70070,67],{"class":66},[48,70072,87],{"class":62},[48,70074,79],{"class":66},[48,70076,36479],{"class":70},[48,70078,67],{"class":66},[48,70080,87],{"class":62},[48,70082,79],{"class":66},[48,70084,36488],{"class":70},[48,70086,67],{"class":66},[48,70088,1465],{"class":62},[48,70090,70091],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70092,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70094,70095,70097,70100,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,70096,117],{"class":116},[48,70098,70099],{"class":54}," i ",[48,70101,128],{"class":116},[48,70103,54618],{"class":147},[48,70105,151],{"class":62},[48,70107,11914],{"class":147},[48,70109,151],{"class":62},[48,70111,5818],{"class":137},[48,70113,70114],{"class":62},")):\n",[48,70116,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70128,70130,70132],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,70118,148],{"class":147},[48,70120,151],{"class":62},[48,70122,36693],{"class":137},[48,70124,87],{"class":62},[48,70126,70127],{"class":137}," names",[48,70129,682],{"class":62},[48,70131,36693],{"class":137},[48,70133,4670],{"class":62},[20,70135,168],{},[39,70137,70138],{"className":41,"code":36537,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,70139,70140,70146,70152],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70141,70142,70144],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70143,2904],{"class":99},[48,70145,36546],{"class":54},[48,70147,70148,70150],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70149,3770],{"class":99},[48,70151,36553],{"class":54},[48,70153,70154,70156],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,70155,2842],{"class":99},[48,70157,36560],{"class":54},[20,70159,70160,70161,134],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[348,70162,70164],{"href":70163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,70166,70167,70168,70170],{},"You can also read ",[348,70169,52094],{"href":52093}," for a task-focused guide.",[34,70172,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,70174,70176],{"id":70175},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,70178,189,70179,70182],{},[15,70180,70181],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1752,70184,5920,70186,13459],{"id":70185},"what-does-len-return",[15,70187,70188],{},"len([])",[20,70190,5925,70191,70193],{},[15,70192,2904],{}," because the list is empty.",[1752,70195,70197],{"id":70196},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,70199,70200],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1752,70202,28861,70204,70206],{"id":70203},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,70205,69382],{}," in Python?",[20,70208,30804,70209,8989,70211,70213],{},[15,70210,68828],{},[15,70212,42904],{}," is a built-in function.",[34,70215,2679],{"id":2678},[209,70217,70218,70224,70228,70232,70236],{},[212,70219,70220],{},[348,70221,4356,70222,4289],{"href":42901},[15,70223,42904],{},[212,70225,70226],{},[348,70227,53138],{"href":52093},[212,70229,70230],{},[348,70231,53319],{"href":51526},[212,70233,70234],{},[348,70235,69810],{"href":69809},[212,70237,70238],{},[348,70239,70240],{"href":70163},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2711,70242,70243],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":70245},[70246,70247,70249,70250,70251,70252,70260,70262,70270],{"id":15890,"depth":106,"text":15891},{"id":68820,"depth":106,"text":70248},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6563,"depth":106,"text":6564},{"id":69089,"depth":106,"text":69090},{"id":69230,"depth":106,"text":69231},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":70253},[70254,70256,70257,70258],{"id":69379,"depth":113,"text":70255},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26218,"depth":113,"text":26219},{"id":69559,"depth":113,"text":69560},{"id":69813,"depth":113,"text":70259},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69905,"depth":106,"text":70261},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":70263},[70264,70265,70267,70268],{"id":70175,"depth":113,"text":70176},{"id":70185,"depth":113,"text":70266},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70196,"depth":113,"text":70197},{"id":70203,"depth":113,"text":70269},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68715,"description":70271},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70277,"title":70278,"body":70279,"description":72261,"extension":2749,"meta":72262,"navigation":109,"path":72263,"seo":72264,"stem":72265,"__hash__":72266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70280,"toc":72234},[70281,70284,70289,70292,70300,70313,70315,70380,70382,70404,70409,70413,70418,70426,70428,70438,70440,70521,70523,70553,70555,70574,70579,70596,70598,70682,70684,70714,70719,70723,70729,70813,70815,70845,70848,70852,70855,70946,70948,70986,70989,71074,71076,71106,71112,71119,71123,71128,71137,71139,71224,71226,71255,71258,71266,71270,71274,71283,71306,71308,71330,71332,71346,71348,71408,71412,71417,71456,71458,71475,71477,71487,71586,71591,71595,71600,71643,71645,71673,71675,71689,71764,71766,71788,71792,71795,71800,71811,71816,71824,71827,71898,71900,71925,71982,71984,72005,72014,72022,72027,72029,72034,72055,72058,72133,72136,72150,72157,72159,72163,72169,72173,72183,72187,72194,72198,72204,72206,72231],[10,70282,70278],{"id":70283},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70285,70286,70288],{},[15,70287,55630],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70290,70291],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[209,70293,70294,70297],{},[212,70295,70296],{},"delete an item from a list",[212,70298,70299],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70301,70302,70303,70305,70306,9471,70308,70312],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70304,13506],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70307,13506],{},[348,70309,70310],{"href":55620},[15,70311,56077],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[34,70314,37],{"id":36},[39,70316,70318],{"className":41,"code":70317,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70319,70320,70340,70355,70359,70370],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70321,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70323,2232],{"class":54},[48,70325,59],{"class":58},[48,70327,4404],{"class":62},[48,70329,3114],{"class":99},[48,70331,87],{"class":62},[48,70333,2506],{"class":99},[48,70335,87],{"class":62},[48,70337,8564],{"class":99},[48,70339,1465],{"class":62},[48,70341,70342,70345,70347,70349,70351,70353],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70343,70344],{"class":54},"last_item ",[48,70346,59],{"class":58},[48,70348,2292],{"class":54},[48,70350,134],{"class":62},[48,70352,26773],{"class":137},[48,70354,380],{"class":62},[48,70356,70357],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,70358,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70360,70361,70363,70365,70368],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,70362,276],{"class":147},[48,70364,151],{"class":62},[48,70366,70367],{"class":137},"last_item",[48,70369,162],{"class":62},[48,70371,70372,70374,70376,70378],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,70373,276],{"class":147},[48,70375,151],{"class":62},[48,70377,2411],{"class":137},[48,70379,162],{"class":62},[20,70381,168],{},[39,70383,70385],{"className":41,"code":70384,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70386,70387,70392],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70388,70389],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70390,70391],{"class":99},"30\n",[48,70393,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70395,682],{"class":62},[48,70397,3114],{"class":99},[48,70399,87],{"class":62},[48,70401,2506],{"class":99},[48,70403,1465],{"class":62},[20,70405,189,70406,70408],{},[15,70407,13506],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[34,70410,70412],{"id":70411},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70414,70415,70417],{},[15,70416,13506],{}," has two main jobs:",[209,70419,70420,70423],{},[212,70421,70422],{},"It removes one item from a list",[212,70424,70425],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70427,44194],{},[209,70429,70430,70433,70436],{},[212,70431,70432],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[212,70434,70435],{},"It changes the original list",[212,70437,53293],{},[20,70439,226],{},[39,70441,70443],{"className":41,"code":70442,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70444,70445,70477,70481,70496,70500,70511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70446,70447,70449,70451,70453,70455,70457,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70448,1119],{"class":54},[48,70450,59],{"class":58},[48,70452,4404],{"class":62},[48,70454,67],{"class":66},[48,70456,1137],{"class":70},[48,70458,67],{"class":66},[48,70460,87],{"class":62},[48,70462,79],{"class":66},[48,70464,18179],{"class":70},[48,70466,67],{"class":66},[48,70468,87],{"class":62},[48,70470,79],{"class":66},[48,70472,13848],{"class":70},[48,70474,67],{"class":66},[48,70476,1465],{"class":62},[48,70478,70479],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70480,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70482,70483,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,70484,70485],{"class":54},"removed ",[48,70487,59],{"class":58},[48,70489,13862],{"class":54},[48,70491,134],{"class":62},[48,70493,26773],{"class":137},[48,70495,380],{"class":62},[48,70497,70498],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,70499,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70501,70502,70504,70506,70509],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,70503,276],{"class":147},[48,70505,151],{"class":62},[48,70507,70508],{"class":137},"removed",[48,70510,162],{"class":62},[48,70512,70513,70515,70517,70519],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,70514,276],{"class":147},[48,70516,151],{"class":62},[48,70518,1196],{"class":137},[48,70520,162],{"class":62},[20,70522,168],{},[39,70524,70526],{"className":41,"code":70525,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70527,70528,70533],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70529,70530],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70531,70532],{"class":54},"blue\n",[48,70534,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549,70551],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70536,682],{"class":62},[48,70538,311],{"class":66},[48,70540,1137],{"class":70},[48,70542,311],{"class":66},[48,70544,87],{"class":62},[48,70546,320],{"class":66},[48,70548,18179],{"class":70},[48,70550,311],{"class":66},[48,70552,1465],{"class":62},[34,70554,360],{"id":359},[39,70556,70558],{"className":41,"code":70557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70559,70560],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70561,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570,70572],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70563,282],{"class":281},[48,70565,134],{"class":62},[48,70567,26773],{"class":137},[48,70569,3767],{"class":62},[48,70571,36384],{"class":137},[48,70573,4670],{"class":62},[20,70575,22,70576,70578],{},[15,70577,36384],{}," is optional.",[209,70580,70581,70587,70593],{},[212,70582,70583,70584,70586],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70585,13506],{}," removes the last item",[212,70588,70589,70590,70592],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70591,13506],{}," removes the item at that position",[212,70594,70595],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70597,226],{},[39,70599,70601],{"className":41,"code":70600,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70602,70603,70635,70639,70658,70662,70672],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70604,70605,70607,70609,70611,70613,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70606,36629],{"class":54},[48,70608,59],{"class":58},[48,70610,4404],{"class":62},[48,70612,67],{"class":66},[48,70614,348],{"class":70},[48,70616,67],{"class":66},[48,70618,87],{"class":62},[48,70620,79],{"class":66},[48,70622,2059],{"class":70},[48,70624,67],{"class":66},[48,70626,87],{"class":62},[48,70628,79],{"class":66},[48,70630,2265],{"class":70},[48,70632,67],{"class":66},[48,70634,1465],{"class":62},[48,70636,70637],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70638,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70640,70641,70643,70645,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,70642,29071],{"class":54},[48,70644,59],{"class":58},[48,70646,70647],{"class":54}," letters",[48,70649,134],{"class":62},[48,70651,26773],{"class":137},[48,70653,151],{"class":62},[48,70655,3770],{"class":99},[48,70657,162],{"class":62},[48,70659,70660],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,70661,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70663,70664,70666,70668,70670],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,70665,276],{"class":147},[48,70667,151],{"class":62},[48,70669,1967],{"class":137},[48,70671,162],{"class":62},[48,70673,70674,70676,70678,70680],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,70675,276],{"class":147},[48,70677,151],{"class":62},[48,70679,36682],{"class":137},[48,70681,162],{"class":62},[20,70683,168],{},[39,70685,70687],{"className":41,"code":70686,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70688,70689,70694],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70690,70691],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70692,70693],{"class":54},"b\n",[48,70695,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70697,682],{"class":62},[48,70699,311],{"class":66},[48,70701,348],{"class":70},[48,70703,311],{"class":66},[48,70705,87],{"class":62},[48,70707,320],{"class":66},[48,70709,2265],{"class":70},[48,70711,311],{"class":66},[48,70713,1465],{"class":62},[20,70715,70716,70717,134],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[348,70718,53319],{"href":51526},[34,70720,70722],{"id":70721},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70724,70725,70726,70728],{},"When you call ",[15,70727,13506],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[39,70730,70732],{"className":41,"code":70731,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70733,70734,70769,70773,70788,70792,70803],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70735,70736,70738,70740,70742,70744,70747,70749,70751,70753,70756,70758,70760,70762,70765,70767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70737,30431],{"class":54},[48,70739,59],{"class":58},[48,70741,4404],{"class":62},[48,70743,67],{"class":66},[48,70745,70746],{"class":70},"write",[48,70748,67],{"class":66},[48,70750,87],{"class":62},[48,70752,79],{"class":66},[48,70754,70755],{"class":70},"test",[48,70757,67],{"class":66},[48,70759,87],{"class":62},[48,70761,79],{"class":66},[48,70763,70764],{"class":70},"submit",[48,70766,67],{"class":66},[48,70768,1465],{"class":62},[48,70770,70771],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70772,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70774,70775,70778,70780,70782,70784,70786],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,70776,70777],{"class":54},"last_task ",[48,70779,59],{"class":58},[48,70781,30509],{"class":54},[48,70783,134],{"class":62},[48,70785,26773],{"class":137},[48,70787,380],{"class":62},[48,70789,70790],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,70791,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70793,70794,70796,70798,70801],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,70795,276],{"class":147},[48,70797,151],{"class":62},[48,70799,70800],{"class":137},"last_task",[48,70802,162],{"class":62},[48,70804,70805,70807,70809,70811],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,70806,276],{"class":147},[48,70808,151],{"class":62},[48,70810,37045],{"class":137},[48,70812,162],{"class":62},[20,70814,168],{},[39,70816,70818],{"className":41,"code":70817,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70819,70820,70825],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70821,70822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70823,70824],{"class":54},"submit\n",[48,70826,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70828,682],{"class":62},[48,70830,311],{"class":66},[48,70832,70746],{"class":70},[48,70834,311],{"class":66},[48,70836,87],{"class":62},[48,70838,320],{"class":66},[48,70840,70755],{"class":70},[48,70842,311],{"class":66},[48,70844,1465],{"class":62},[20,70846,70847],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[34,70849,70851],{"id":70850},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70853,70854],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[39,70856,70858],{"className":41,"code":70857,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70859,70860,70900,70904,70922,70926,70936],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70861,70862,70864,70866,70868,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896,70898],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70863,36778],{"class":54},[48,70865,59],{"class":58},[48,70867,4404],{"class":62},[48,70869,67],{"class":66},[48,70871,1128],{"class":70},[48,70873,67],{"class":66},[48,70875,87],{"class":62},[48,70877,79],{"class":66},[48,70879,1146],{"class":70},[48,70881,67],{"class":66},[48,70883,87],{"class":62},[48,70885,79],{"class":66},[48,70887,4877],{"class":70},[48,70889,67],{"class":66},[48,70891,87],{"class":62},[48,70893,79],{"class":66},[48,70895,33756],{"class":70},[48,70897,67],{"class":66},[48,70899,1465],{"class":62},[48,70901,70902],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70903,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70905,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916,70918,70920],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,70907,70485],{"class":54},[48,70909,59],{"class":58},[48,70911,53399],{"class":54},[48,70913,134],{"class":62},[48,70915,26773],{"class":137},[48,70917,151],{"class":62},[48,70919,3770],{"class":99},[48,70921,162],{"class":62},[48,70923,70924],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,70925,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,70927,70928,70930,70932,70934],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,70929,276],{"class":147},[48,70931,151],{"class":62},[48,70933,70508],{"class":137},[48,70935,162],{"class":62},[48,70937,70938,70940,70942,70944],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,70939,276],{"class":147},[48,70941,151],{"class":62},[48,70943,36830],{"class":137},[48,70945,162],{"class":62},[20,70947,168],{},[39,70949,70951],{"className":41,"code":70950,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70952,70953,70958],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70954,70955],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70956,70957],{"class":54},"banana\n",[48,70959,70960,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976,70978,70980,70982,70984],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,70961,682],{"class":62},[48,70963,311],{"class":66},[48,70965,1128],{"class":70},[48,70967,311],{"class":66},[48,70969,87],{"class":62},[48,70971,320],{"class":66},[48,70973,4877],{"class":70},[48,70975,311],{"class":66},[48,70977,87],{"class":62},[48,70979,320],{"class":66},[48,70981,33756],{"class":70},[48,70983,311],{"class":66},[48,70985,1465],{"class":62},[20,70987,70988],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[39,70990,70992],{"className":41,"code":70991,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70993,70994,71026,71030,71050,71054,71064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70995,70996,70998,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70997,36778],{"class":54},[48,70999,59],{"class":58},[48,71001,4404],{"class":62},[48,71003,67],{"class":66},[48,71005,1128],{"class":70},[48,71007,67],{"class":66},[48,71009,87],{"class":62},[48,71011,79],{"class":66},[48,71013,1146],{"class":70},[48,71015,67],{"class":66},[48,71017,87],{"class":62},[48,71019,79],{"class":66},[48,71021,4877],{"class":70},[48,71023,67],{"class":66},[48,71025,1465],{"class":62},[48,71027,71028],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71029,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71031,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,71033,70485],{"class":54},[48,71035,59],{"class":58},[48,71037,53399],{"class":54},[48,71039,134],{"class":62},[48,71041,26773],{"class":137},[48,71043,151],{"class":62},[48,71045,2807],{"class":58},[48,71047,3770],{"class":99},[48,71049,162],{"class":62},[48,71051,71052],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,71053,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71055,71056,71058,71060,71062],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,71057,276],{"class":147},[48,71059,151],{"class":62},[48,71061,70508],{"class":137},[48,71063,162],{"class":62},[48,71065,71066,71068,71070,71072],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,71067,276],{"class":147},[48,71069,151],{"class":62},[48,71071,36830],{"class":137},[48,71073,162],{"class":62},[20,71075,168],{},[39,71077,71079],{"className":41,"code":71078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,71080,71081,71086],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71082,71083],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71084,71085],{"class":54},"cherry\n",[48,71087,71088,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71089,682],{"class":62},[48,71091,311],{"class":66},[48,71093,1128],{"class":70},[48,71095,311],{"class":66},[48,71097,87],{"class":62},[48,71099,320],{"class":66},[48,71101,1146],{"class":70},[48,71103,311],{"class":66},[48,71105,1465],{"class":62},[20,71107,71108,71109,71111],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,71110,66405],{}," means the last item.",[20,71113,71114,71115,134],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[348,71116,71117,2689],{"href":59514},[15,71118,65416],{},[34,71120,71122],{"id":71121},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,71124,71125,71127],{},[15,71126,13506],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,71129,71130,71131,5174,71133,134],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,71132,13506],{},[348,71134,71135],{"href":55620},[15,71136,56077],{},[20,71138,226],{},[39,71140,71142],{"className":41,"code":71141,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,71143,71144,71176,71180,71199,71203,71214],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71145,71146,71148,71150,71152,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71147,5776],{"class":54},[48,71149,59],{"class":58},[48,71151,4404],{"class":62},[48,71153,67],{"class":66},[48,71155,82],{"class":70},[48,71157,67],{"class":66},[48,71159,87],{"class":62},[48,71161,79],{"class":66},[48,71163,36479],{"class":70},[48,71165,67],{"class":66},[48,71167,87],{"class":62},[48,71169,79],{"class":66},[48,71171,36488],{"class":70},[48,71173,67],{"class":66},[48,71175,1465],{"class":62},[48,71177,71178],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71179,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71181,71182,71185,71187,71189,71191,71193,71195,71197],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,71183,71184],{"class":54},"removed_name ",[48,71186,59],{"class":58},[48,71188,70127],{"class":54},[48,71190,134],{"class":62},[48,71192,26773],{"class":137},[48,71194,151],{"class":62},[48,71196,2904],{"class":99},[48,71198,162],{"class":62},[48,71200,71201],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,71202,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71204,71205,71207,71209,71212],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,71206,276],{"class":147},[48,71208,151],{"class":62},[48,71210,71211],{"class":137},"removed_name",[48,71213,162],{"class":62},[48,71215,71216,71218,71220,71222],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,71217,276],{"class":147},[48,71219,151],{"class":62},[48,71221,5818],{"class":137},[48,71223,162],{"class":62},[20,71225,168],{},[39,71227,71229],{"className":41,"code":71228,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71230,71231,71235],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71232,71233],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71234,50586],{"class":54},[48,71236,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71238,682],{"class":62},[48,71240,311],{"class":66},[48,71242,36479],{"class":70},[48,71244,311],{"class":66},[48,71246,87],{"class":62},[48,71248,320],{"class":66},[48,71250,36488],{"class":70},[48,71252,311],{"class":66},[48,71254,1465],{"class":62},[20,71256,71257],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,71259,71260,71261,71263,71264,134],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71262,56077],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71265,4560],{},[34,71267,71269],{"id":71268},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1752,71271,71273],{"id":71272},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71275,71276,71277,71279,71280,134],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71278,13506],{}," raises an ",[15,71281,71282],{},"IndexError",[39,71284,71286],{"className":41,"code":71285,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71287,71288,71296],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71289,71290,71292,71294],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71291,8549],{"class":54},[48,71293,59],{"class":58},[48,71295,8607],{"class":62},[48,71297,71298,71300,71302,71304],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71299,138],{"class":54},[48,71301,134],{"class":62},[48,71303,26773],{"class":137},[48,71305,380],{"class":62},[20,71307,168],{},[39,71309,71311],{"className":41,"code":71310,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71312,71313],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71314,71315,71317,71319,71322,71325,71328],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71316,71282],{"class":281},[48,71318,76],{"class":62},[48,71320,71321],{"class":54}," pop ",[48,71323,71324],{"class":116},"from",[48,71326,71327],{"class":54}," empty ",[48,71329,50432],{"class":281},[20,71331,39803],{},[209,71333,71334,71339],{},[212,71335,71336,71337],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71338,13506],{},[212,71340,71341,71342,5174,71344],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71343,30337],{},[15,71345,30368],{},[20,71347,226],{},[39,71349,71351],{"className":41,"code":71350,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71352,71353,71361,71365,71373,71387,71393],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71354,71355,71357,71359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71356,8549],{"class":54},[48,71358,59],{"class":58},[48,71360,8607],{"class":62},[48,71362,71363],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71364,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71366,71367,71369,71371],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,71368,7767],{"class":116},[48,71370,6741],{"class":54},[48,71372,1053],{"class":62},[48,71374,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,71376,148],{"class":147},[48,71378,151],{"class":62},[48,71380,138],{"class":137},[48,71382,134],{"class":62},[48,71384,26773],{"class":137},[48,71386,1203],{"class":62},[48,71388,71389,71391],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,71390,27966],{"class":116},[48,71392,1053],{"class":62},[48,71394,71395,71397,71399,71401,71404,71406],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,71396,148],{"class":147},[48,71398,151],{"class":62},[48,71400,67],{"class":66},[48,71402,71403],{"class":70},"The list is empty.",[48,71405,67],{"class":66},[48,71407,162],{"class":62},[1752,71409,71411],{"id":71410},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71413,71414,71415,134],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71416,71282],{},[39,71418,71420],{"className":41,"code":71419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71421,71422,71442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71423,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438,71440],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71425,2232],{"class":54},[48,71427,59],{"class":58},[48,71429,4404],{"class":62},[48,71431,3114],{"class":99},[48,71433,87],{"class":62},[48,71435,2506],{"class":99},[48,71437,87],{"class":62},[48,71439,8564],{"class":99},[48,71441,1465],{"class":62},[48,71443,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71445,2411],{"class":54},[48,71447,134],{"class":62},[48,71449,26773],{"class":137},[48,71451,151],{"class":62},[48,71453,2921],{"class":99},[48,71455,162],{"class":62},[20,71457,168],{},[39,71459,71461],{"className":41,"code":71460,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71462,71463],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71464,71465,71467,71469,71472],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71466,71282],{"class":281},[48,71468,76],{"class":62},[48,71470,71471],{"class":54}," pop index out of ",[48,71473,71474],{"class":147},"range\n",[20,71476,39803],{},[209,71478,71479,71484],{},[212,71480,71481,71482],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71483,42904],{},[212,71485,71486],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[39,71488,71490],{"className":41,"code":71489,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71491,71492,71512,71521,71525,71547,71565,71571],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71493,71494,71496,71498,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508,71510],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71495,2232],{"class":54},[48,71497,59],{"class":58},[48,71499,4404],{"class":62},[48,71501,3114],{"class":99},[48,71503,87],{"class":62},[48,71505,2506],{"class":99},[48,71507,87],{"class":62},[48,71509,8564],{"class":99},[48,71511,1465],{"class":62},[48,71513,71514,71517,71519],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71515,71516],{"class":54},"index ",[48,71518,59],{"class":58},[48,71520,46134],{"class":99},[48,71522,71523],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,71524,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71526,71527,71529,71531,71534,71537,71539,71541,71543,71545],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,71528,7767],{"class":116},[48,71530,4616],{"class":99},[48,71532,71533],{"class":58}," \u003C=",[48,71535,71536],{"class":54}," index ",[48,71538,2168],{"class":58},[48,71540,38927],{"class":147},[48,71542,151],{"class":62},[48,71544,2411],{"class":137},[48,71546,9109],{"class":62},[48,71548,71549,71551,71553,71555,71557,71559,71561,71563],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,71550,148],{"class":147},[48,71552,151],{"class":62},[48,71554,2411],{"class":137},[48,71556,134],{"class":62},[48,71558,26773],{"class":137},[48,71560,151],{"class":62},[48,71562,36384],{"class":137},[48,71564,670],{"class":62},[48,71566,71567,71569],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,71568,27966],{"class":116},[48,71570,1053],{"class":62},[48,71572,71573,71575,71577,71579,71582,71584],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,71574,148],{"class":147},[48,71576,151],{"class":62},[48,71578,67],{"class":66},[48,71580,71581],{"class":70},"Index is out of range.",[48,71583,67],{"class":66},[48,71585,162],{"class":62},[20,71587,71588,71589,134],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[348,71590,69810],{"href":69809},[1752,71592,71594],{"id":71593},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71596,71597,71599],{},[15,71598,13506],{}," expects an integer index.",[39,71601,71603],{"className":41,"code":71602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71604,71605,71625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71606,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71608,2232],{"class":54},[48,71610,59],{"class":58},[48,71612,4404],{"class":62},[48,71614,3114],{"class":99},[48,71616,87],{"class":62},[48,71618,2506],{"class":99},[48,71620,87],{"class":62},[48,71622,8564],{"class":99},[48,71624,1465],{"class":62},[48,71626,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71628,2411],{"class":54},[48,71630,134],{"class":62},[48,71632,26773],{"class":137},[48,71634,151],{"class":62},[48,71636,67],{"class":66},[48,71638,3770],{"class":70},[48,71640,67],{"class":66},[48,71642,162],{"class":62},[20,71644,168],{},[39,71646,71648],{"className":41,"code":71647,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71649,71650],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71651,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71667,71670],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71653,3787],{"class":281},[48,71655,76],{"class":62},[48,71657,320],{"class":66},[48,71659,4223],{"class":70},[48,71661,311],{"class":66},[48,71663,25148],{"class":281},[48,71665,71666],{"class":54}," cannot be interpreted ",[48,71668,71669],{"class":116},"as",[48,71671,71672],{"class":54}," an integer\n",[20,71674,39803],{},[209,71676,71677,71686],{},[212,71678,71679,71680,2973,71682,2977,71684],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71681,2904],{},[15,71683,3770],{},[15,71685,66405],{},[212,71687,71688],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[39,71690,71692],{"className":41,"code":71691,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71693,71694,71714,71732,71736,71754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71695,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704,71706,71708,71710,71712],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71697,2232],{"class":54},[48,71699,59],{"class":58},[48,71701,4404],{"class":62},[48,71703,3114],{"class":99},[48,71705,87],{"class":62},[48,71707,2506],{"class":99},[48,71709,87],{"class":62},[48,71711,8564],{"class":99},[48,71713,1465],{"class":62},[48,71715,71716,71718,71720,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71717,71516],{"class":54},[48,71719,59],{"class":58},[48,71721,45821],{"class":281},[48,71723,151],{"class":62},[48,71725,67],{"class":66},[48,71727,3770],{"class":70},[48,71729,67],{"class":66},[48,71731,162],{"class":62},[48,71733,71734],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,71735,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71737,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750,71752],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,71739,276],{"class":147},[48,71741,151],{"class":62},[48,71743,2411],{"class":137},[48,71745,134],{"class":62},[48,71747,26773],{"class":137},[48,71749,151],{"class":62},[48,71751,36384],{"class":137},[48,71753,670],{"class":62},[48,71755,71756,71758,71760,71762],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,71757,276],{"class":147},[48,71759,151],{"class":62},[48,71761,2411],{"class":137},[48,71763,162],{"class":62},[20,71765,168],{},[39,71767,71769],{"className":41,"code":71768,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71770,71771,71776],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71772,71773],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71774,71775],{"class":99},"20\n",[48,71777,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71779,682],{"class":62},[48,71781,3114],{"class":99},[48,71783,87],{"class":62},[48,71785,8564],{"class":99},[48,71787,1465],{"class":62},[34,71789,71791],{"id":71790},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71793,71794],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1752,71796,189,71798,11355],{"id":71797},"use-pop-when",[15,71799,13506],{},[209,71801,71802,71805,71808],{},[212,71803,71804],{},"you want to remove by index",[212,71806,71807],{},"you want the removed item returned",[212,71809,71810],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1752,71812,189,71814,11355],{"id":71813},"use-remove-when",[15,71815,56077],{},[209,71817,71818,71821],{},[212,71819,71820],{},"you want to remove by value",[212,71822,71823],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71825,71826],{},"Compare these examples:",[39,71828,71830],{"className":41,"code":71829,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71831,71832,71856,71860,71878,71888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71833,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846,71848,71850,71852,71854],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71835,2232],{"class":54},[48,71837,59],{"class":58},[48,71839,4404],{"class":62},[48,71841,3114],{"class":99},[48,71843,87],{"class":62},[48,71845,2506],{"class":99},[48,71847,87],{"class":62},[48,71849,8564],{"class":99},[48,71851,87],{"class":62},[48,71853,2506],{"class":99},[48,71855,1465],{"class":62},[48,71857,71858],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71859,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71861,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,71863,70485],{"class":54},[48,71865,59],{"class":58},[48,71867,2292],{"class":54},[48,71869,134],{"class":62},[48,71871,26773],{"class":137},[48,71873,151],{"class":62},[48,71875,3770],{"class":99},[48,71877,162],{"class":62},[48,71879,71880,71882,71884,71886],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,71881,276],{"class":147},[48,71883,151],{"class":62},[48,71885,70508],{"class":137},[48,71887,162],{"class":62},[48,71889,71890,71892,71894,71896],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,71891,276],{"class":147},[48,71893,151],{"class":62},[48,71895,2411],{"class":137},[48,71897,162],{"class":62},[20,71899,168],{},[39,71901,71903],{"className":41,"code":71902,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71904,71905,71909],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71906,71907],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71908,71775],{"class":99},[48,71910,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71912,682],{"class":62},[48,71914,3114],{"class":99},[48,71916,87],{"class":62},[48,71918,8564],{"class":99},[48,71920,87],{"class":62},[48,71922,2506],{"class":99},[48,71924,1465],{"class":62},[39,71926,71928],{"className":41,"code":71927,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71929,71930,71954,71958,71972],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71931,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71933,2232],{"class":54},[48,71935,59],{"class":58},[48,71937,4404],{"class":62},[48,71939,3114],{"class":99},[48,71941,87],{"class":62},[48,71943,2506],{"class":99},[48,71945,87],{"class":62},[48,71947,8564],{"class":99},[48,71949,87],{"class":62},[48,71951,2506],{"class":99},[48,71953,1465],{"class":62},[48,71955,71956],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,71957,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,71959,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,71961,2411],{"class":54},[48,71963,134],{"class":62},[48,71965,35331],{"class":137},[48,71967,151],{"class":62},[48,71969,16483],{"class":99},[48,71971,162],{"class":62},[48,71973,71974,71976,71978,71980],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,71975,276],{"class":147},[48,71977,151],{"class":62},[48,71979,2411],{"class":137},[48,71981,162],{"class":62},[20,71983,168],{},[39,71985,71987],{"className":41,"code":71986,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71988,71989],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71990,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71992,682],{"class":62},[48,71994,3114],{"class":99},[48,71996,87],{"class":62},[48,71998,8564],{"class":99},[48,72000,87],{"class":62},[48,72002,2506],{"class":99},[48,72004,1465],{"class":62},[20,72006,72007,72008,72011,72012,134],{},"In the first example, ",[15,72009,72010],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,72013,3770],{},[20,72015,57153,72016,72019,72020,134],{},[15,72017,72018],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,72021,16483],{},[20,72023,72024,72025,134],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[348,72026,55616],{"href":55615},[34,72028,1745],{"id":1744},[20,72030,72031,72032,76],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,72033,13506],{},[209,72035,72036,72039,72042,72048,72052],{},[212,72037,72038],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[212,72040,72041],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[212,72043,37744,72044,9471,72046],{},[15,72045,13506],{},[15,72047,56077],{},[212,72049,2015,72050,62522],{},[15,72051,13506],{},[212,72053,72054],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,72056,72057],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[39,72059,72061],{"className":41,"code":72060,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,72062,72063,72073,72087,72101,72119],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72064,72065,72067,72069,72071],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72066,276],{"class":147},[48,72068,151],{"class":62},[48,72070,9106],{"class":137},[48,72072,162],{"class":62},[48,72074,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72076,276],{"class":147},[48,72078,151],{"class":62},[48,72080,11914],{"class":147},[48,72082,151],{"class":62},[48,72084,9106],{"class":137},[48,72086,670],{"class":62},[48,72088,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,72090,276],{"class":147},[48,72092,151],{"class":62},[48,72094,9106],{"class":137},[48,72096,134],{"class":62},[48,72098,26773],{"class":137},[48,72100,1203],{"class":62},[48,72102,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,72104,276],{"class":147},[48,72106,151],{"class":62},[48,72108,9106],{"class":137},[48,72110,134],{"class":62},[48,72112,26773],{"class":137},[48,72114,151],{"class":62},[48,72116,2904],{"class":99},[48,72118,670],{"class":62},[48,72120,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,72122,276],{"class":147},[48,72124,151],{"class":62},[48,72126,2094],{"class":281},[48,72128,151],{"class":62},[48,72130,36384],{"class":137},[48,72132,670],{"class":62},[20,72134,72135],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[209,72137,72138,72144],{},[212,72139,72140,72143],{},[15,72141,72142],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[212,72145,72146,72149],{},[15,72147,72148],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,72151,72152,72153,72156],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,72154,72155],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[34,72158,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,72160,72162],{"id":72161},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,72164,72165,72166,72168],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,72167,13506],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1752,72170,72172],{"id":72171},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,72174,72175,72177,72178,72180,72181,134],{},[15,72176,13506],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,72179,56077],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,72182,4560],{},[1752,72184,72186],{"id":72185},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,72188,72189,72190,72193],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,72191,72192],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1752,72195,72197],{"id":72196},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,72199,72200,72201,72203],{},"Python raises ",[15,72202,71282],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[34,72205,2679],{"id":2678},[209,72207,72208,72212,72217,72222,72227],{},[212,72209,72210],{},[348,72211,56063],{"href":55615},[212,72213,72214],{},[348,72215,72216],{"href":55620},"Python list remove() method",[212,72218,72219],{},[348,72220,72221],{"href":59514},"Python list index() method",[212,72223,72224],{},[348,72225,72226],{"href":51526},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[212,72228,72229],{},[348,72230,69810],{"href":69809},[2711,72232,72233],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":72235},[72236,72237,72238,72239,72240,72241,72242,72247,72253,72254,72260],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":70411,"depth":106,"text":70412},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":70721,"depth":106,"text":70722},{"id":70850,"depth":106,"text":70851},{"id":71121,"depth":106,"text":71122},{"id":71268,"depth":106,"text":71269,"children":72243},[72244,72245,72246],{"id":71272,"depth":113,"text":71273},{"id":71410,"depth":113,"text":71411},{"id":71593,"depth":113,"text":71594},{"id":71790,"depth":106,"text":71791,"children":72248},[72249,72251],{"id":71797,"depth":113,"text":72250},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71813,"depth":113,"text":72252},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":72255},[72256,72257,72258,72259],{"id":72161,"depth":113,"text":72162},{"id":72171,"depth":113,"text":72172},{"id":72185,"depth":113,"text":72186},{"id":72196,"depth":113,"text":72197},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70278,"description":72261},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72268,"title":72269,"body":72270,"description":74056,"extension":2749,"meta":74057,"navigation":109,"path":74058,"seo":74059,"stem":74060,"__hash__":74061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72271,"toc":74038},[72272,72275,72280,72286,72288,72358,72364,72368,72373,72394,72397,72464,72466,72487,72495,72497,72516,72532,72534,72599,72601,72626,72628,72630,72695,72697,72722,72724,72738,72741,72794,72796,72817,72821,72829,72902,72904,72937,72943,72949,73040,73042,73067,73073,73162,73164,73188,73190,73194,73249,73251,73283,73286,73289,73383,73385,73418,73424,73430,73434,73441,73467,73471,73536,73538,73563,73567,73648,73650,73679,73684,73689,73695,73699,73706,73728,73732,73791,73793,73817,73826,73831,73833,73837,73866,73868,73943,73946,73960,73966,73968,73972,73975,73979,73984,73988,73997,74001,74009,74011,74035],[10,72273,72269],{"id":72274},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72276,22,72277,72279],{},[15,72278,55623],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72281,72282,72283,72285],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[166,72284,933],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[34,72287,37],{"id":36},[39,72289,72291],{"className":41,"code":72290,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72292,72293,72325,72343,72353],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72294,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72296,8549],{"class":54},[48,72298,59],{"class":58},[48,72300,4404],{"class":62},[48,72302,67],{"class":66},[48,72304,1128],{"class":70},[48,72306,67],{"class":66},[48,72308,87],{"class":62},[48,72310,79],{"class":66},[48,72312,1146],{"class":70},[48,72314,67],{"class":66},[48,72316,87],{"class":62},[48,72318,79],{"class":66},[48,72320,33756],{"class":70},[48,72322,67],{"class":66},[48,72324,1465],{"class":62},[48,72326,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335,72337,72339,72341],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72328,138],{"class":54},[48,72330,134],{"class":62},[48,72332,35331],{"class":137},[48,72334,151],{"class":62},[48,72336,67],{"class":66},[48,72338,1146],{"class":70},[48,72340,67],{"class":66},[48,72342,162],{"class":62},[48,72344,72345,72347,72349,72351],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,72346,276],{"class":147},[48,72348,151],{"class":62},[48,72350,138],{"class":137},[48,72352,162],{"class":62},[48,72354,72355],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,72356,72357],{"class":4445},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72359,189,72360,72363],{},[15,72361,72362],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[34,72365,72367],{"id":72366},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72369,72370,72372],{},[15,72371,56077],{}," is a list method that:",[209,72374,72375,72381,72386,72391],{},[212,72376,72377,72378,72380],{},"Deletes the ",[166,72379,30442],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[212,72382,72383,72384],{},"Changes the original list ",[166,72385,12085],{},[212,72387,2606,72388,72390],{},[166,72389,5413],{}," return a new list",[212,72392,72393],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72395,72396],{},"This is important for beginners:",[39,72398,72400],{"className":41,"code":72399,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72401,72402,72422,72440,72444,72454],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72403,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72405,2232],{"class":54},[48,72407,59],{"class":58},[48,72409,4404],{"class":62},[48,72411,3770],{"class":99},[48,72413,87],{"class":62},[48,72415,632],{"class":99},[48,72417,87],{"class":62},[48,72419,800],{"class":99},[48,72421,1465],{"class":62},[48,72423,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72425,449],{"class":54},[48,72427,59],{"class":58},[48,72429,2292],{"class":54},[48,72431,134],{"class":62},[48,72433,35331],{"class":137},[48,72435,151],{"class":62},[48,72437,2842],{"class":99},[48,72439,162],{"class":62},[48,72441,72442],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,72443,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,72445,72446,72448,72450,72452],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,72447,276],{"class":147},[48,72449,151],{"class":62},[48,72451,2411],{"class":137},[48,72453,162],{"class":62},[48,72455,72456,72458,72460,72462],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,72457,276],{"class":147},[48,72459,151],{"class":62},[48,72461,474],{"class":137},[48,72463,162],{"class":62},[20,72465,168],{},[39,72467,72469],{"className":41,"code":72468,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72470,72471,72483],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72472,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72474,682],{"class":62},[48,72476,3770],{"class":99},[48,72478,87],{"class":62},[48,72480,800],{"class":99},[48,72482,1465],{"class":62},[48,72484,72485],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72486,12553],{"class":1642},[20,72488,72489,72490,72492,72493,134],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72491,56077],{}," itself returned ",[15,72494,4560],{},[34,72496,6209],{"id":6208},[39,72498,72500],{"className":41,"code":72499,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72501,72502],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72503,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72505,282],{"class":281},[48,72507,134],{"class":62},[48,72509,35331],{"class":137},[48,72511,151],{"class":62},[48,72513,933],{"class":137},[48,72515,162],{"class":62},[209,72517,72518,72523,72526],{},[212,72519,72520,72522],{},[15,72521,933],{}," is the item you want to delete",[212,72524,72525],{},"Python searches from left to right",[212,72527,72528,72529,72531],{},"Only the ",[166,72530,30442],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72533,226],{},[39,72535,72537],{"className":41,"code":72536,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72538,72539,72571,72589],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72540,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72542,36629],{"class":54},[48,72544,59],{"class":58},[48,72546,4404],{"class":62},[48,72548,67],{"class":66},[48,72550,348],{"class":70},[48,72552,67],{"class":66},[48,72554,87],{"class":62},[48,72556,79],{"class":66},[48,72558,2059],{"class":70},[48,72560,67],{"class":66},[48,72562,87],{"class":62},[48,72564,79],{"class":66},[48,72566,2265],{"class":70},[48,72568,67],{"class":66},[48,72570,1465],{"class":62},[48,72572,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72574,36682],{"class":54},[48,72576,134],{"class":62},[48,72578,35331],{"class":137},[48,72580,151],{"class":62},[48,72582,67],{"class":66},[48,72584,2059],{"class":70},[48,72586,67],{"class":66},[48,72588,162],{"class":62},[48,72590,72591,72593,72595,72597],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,72592,276],{"class":147},[48,72594,151],{"class":62},[48,72596,36682],{"class":137},[48,72598,162],{"class":62},[20,72600,168],{},[39,72602,72604],{"className":41,"code":72603,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72605,72606],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72607,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72609,682],{"class":62},[48,72611,311],{"class":66},[48,72613,348],{"class":70},[48,72615,311],{"class":66},[48,72617,87],{"class":62},[48,72619,320],{"class":66},[48,72621,2265],{"class":70},[48,72623,311],{"class":66},[48,72625,1465],{"class":62},[34,72627,6564],{"id":6563},[20,72629,65725],{},[39,72631,72633],{"className":41,"code":72632,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72634,72635,72667,72685],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72636,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72638,1119],{"class":54},[48,72640,59],{"class":58},[48,72642,4404],{"class":62},[48,72644,67],{"class":66},[48,72646,1137],{"class":70},[48,72648,67],{"class":66},[48,72650,87],{"class":62},[48,72652,79],{"class":66},[48,72654,13848],{"class":70},[48,72656,67],{"class":66},[48,72658,87],{"class":62},[48,72660,79],{"class":66},[48,72662,18179],{"class":70},[48,72664,67],{"class":66},[48,72666,1465],{"class":62},[48,72668,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72670,1196],{"class":54},[48,72672,134],{"class":62},[48,72674,35331],{"class":137},[48,72676,151],{"class":62},[48,72678,67],{"class":66},[48,72680,13848],{"class":70},[48,72682,67],{"class":66},[48,72684,162],{"class":62},[48,72686,72687,72689,72691,72693],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,72688,276],{"class":147},[48,72690,151],{"class":62},[48,72692,1196],{"class":137},[48,72694,162],{"class":62},[20,72696,168],{},[39,72698,72700],{"className":41,"code":72699,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72701,72702],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72703,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72705,682],{"class":62},[48,72707,311],{"class":66},[48,72709,1137],{"class":70},[48,72711,311],{"class":66},[48,72713,87],{"class":62},[48,72715,320],{"class":66},[48,72717,18179],{"class":70},[48,72719,311],{"class":66},[48,72721,1465],{"class":62},[20,72723,12431],{},[209,72725,72726,72729,72735],{},[212,72727,72728],{},"A list is created with three values",[212,72730,72731,72734],{},[15,72732,72733],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[212,72736,72737],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72739,72740],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[39,72742,72744],{"className":41,"code":72743,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72745,72746,72770,72784],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72747,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72749,408],{"class":54},[48,72751,59],{"class":58},[48,72753,4404],{"class":62},[48,72755,3114],{"class":99},[48,72757,87],{"class":62},[48,72759,2506],{"class":99},[48,72761,87],{"class":62},[48,72763,8564],{"class":99},[48,72765,87],{"class":62},[48,72767,51390],{"class":99},[48,72769,1465],{"class":62},[48,72771,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72773,486],{"class":54},[48,72775,134],{"class":62},[48,72777,35331],{"class":137},[48,72779,151],{"class":62},[48,72781,37381],{"class":99},[48,72783,162],{"class":62},[48,72785,72786,72788,72790,72792],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,72787,276],{"class":147},[48,72789,151],{"class":62},[48,72791,486],{"class":137},[48,72793,162],{"class":62},[20,72795,168],{},[39,72797,72799],{"className":41,"code":72798,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72800,72801],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72802,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72804,682],{"class":62},[48,72806,3114],{"class":99},[48,72808,87],{"class":62},[48,72810,2506],{"class":99},[48,72812,87],{"class":62},[48,72814,51390],{"class":99},[48,72816,1465],{"class":62},[34,72818,72820],{"id":72819},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72822,65715,72823,72825,72826,72828],{},[15,72824,56077],{}," deletes only the ",[166,72827,30442],{}," one.",[39,72830,72832],{"className":41,"code":72831,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72833,72834,72874,72892],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72835,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72837,8549],{"class":54},[48,72839,59],{"class":58},[48,72841,4404],{"class":62},[48,72843,67],{"class":66},[48,72845,1128],{"class":70},[48,72847,67],{"class":66},[48,72849,87],{"class":62},[48,72851,79],{"class":66},[48,72853,1146],{"class":70},[48,72855,67],{"class":66},[48,72857,87],{"class":62},[48,72859,79],{"class":66},[48,72861,1128],{"class":70},[48,72863,67],{"class":66},[48,72865,87],{"class":62},[48,72867,79],{"class":66},[48,72869,33756],{"class":70},[48,72871,67],{"class":66},[48,72873,1465],{"class":62},[48,72875,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72877,138],{"class":54},[48,72879,134],{"class":62},[48,72881,35331],{"class":137},[48,72883,151],{"class":62},[48,72885,67],{"class":66},[48,72887,1128],{"class":70},[48,72889,67],{"class":66},[48,72891,162],{"class":62},[48,72893,72894,72896,72898,72900],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,72895,276],{"class":147},[48,72897,151],{"class":62},[48,72899,138],{"class":137},[48,72901,162],{"class":62},[20,72903,168],{},[39,72905,72907],{"className":41,"code":72906,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72908,72909],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72910,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72912,682],{"class":62},[48,72914,311],{"class":66},[48,72916,1146],{"class":70},[48,72918,311],{"class":66},[48,72920,87],{"class":62},[48,72922,320],{"class":66},[48,72924,1128],{"class":70},[48,72926,311],{"class":66},[48,72928,87],{"class":62},[48,72930,320],{"class":66},[48,72932,33756],{"class":70},[48,72934,311],{"class":66},[48,72936,1465],{"class":62},[20,72938,72939,72940,72942],{},"Only the first ",[15,72941,58382],{}," was removed.",[20,72944,72945,72946,72948],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72947,56077],{}," again:",[39,72950,72952],{"className":41,"code":72951,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72953,72954,72994,73012,73030],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72955,72956,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72957,8549],{"class":54},[48,72959,59],{"class":58},[48,72961,4404],{"class":62},[48,72963,67],{"class":66},[48,72965,1128],{"class":70},[48,72967,67],{"class":66},[48,72969,87],{"class":62},[48,72971,79],{"class":66},[48,72973,1146],{"class":70},[48,72975,67],{"class":66},[48,72977,87],{"class":62},[48,72979,79],{"class":66},[48,72981,1128],{"class":70},[48,72983,67],{"class":66},[48,72985,87],{"class":62},[48,72987,79],{"class":66},[48,72989,33756],{"class":70},[48,72991,67],{"class":66},[48,72993,1465],{"class":62},[48,72995,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,72997,138],{"class":54},[48,72999,134],{"class":62},[48,73001,35331],{"class":137},[48,73003,151],{"class":62},[48,73005,67],{"class":66},[48,73007,1128],{"class":70},[48,73009,67],{"class":66},[48,73011,162],{"class":62},[48,73013,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,73015,138],{"class":54},[48,73017,134],{"class":62},[48,73019,35331],{"class":137},[48,73021,151],{"class":62},[48,73023,67],{"class":66},[48,73025,1128],{"class":70},[48,73027,67],{"class":66},[48,73029,162],{"class":62},[48,73031,73032,73034,73036,73038],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,73033,276],{"class":147},[48,73035,151],{"class":62},[48,73037,138],{"class":137},[48,73039,162],{"class":62},[20,73041,168],{},[39,73043,73045],{"className":41,"code":73044,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73046,73047],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73048,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73050,682],{"class":62},[48,73052,311],{"class":66},[48,73054,1146],{"class":70},[48,73056,311],{"class":66},[48,73058,87],{"class":62},[48,73060,320],{"class":66},[48,73062,33756],{"class":70},[48,73064,311],{"class":66},[48,73066,1465],{"class":62},[20,73068,73069,73070,73072],{},"If you need to remove ",[166,73071,4497],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[39,73074,73076],{"className":41,"code":73075,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73077,73078,73118,73152],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73079,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114,73116],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73081,8549],{"class":54},[48,73083,59],{"class":58},[48,73085,4404],{"class":62},[48,73087,67],{"class":66},[48,73089,1128],{"class":70},[48,73091,67],{"class":66},[48,73093,87],{"class":62},[48,73095,79],{"class":66},[48,73097,1146],{"class":70},[48,73099,67],{"class":66},[48,73101,87],{"class":62},[48,73103,79],{"class":66},[48,73105,1128],{"class":70},[48,73107,67],{"class":66},[48,73109,87],{"class":62},[48,73111,79],{"class":66},[48,73113,33756],{"class":70},[48,73115,67],{"class":66},[48,73117,1465],{"class":62},[48,73119,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134,73137,73139,73141,73144,73146,73148,73150],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,73121,8549],{"class":54},[48,73123,59],{"class":58},[48,73125,4404],{"class":62},[48,73127,29071],{"class":54},[48,73129,117],{"class":116},[48,73131,1948],{"class":54},[48,73133,128],{"class":116},[48,73135,73136],{"class":54}," items ",[48,73138,7767],{"class":116},[48,73140,1948],{"class":54},[48,73142,73143],{"class":58},"!=",[48,73145,79],{"class":66},[48,73147,1128],{"class":70},[48,73149,67],{"class":66},[48,73151,1465],{"class":62},[48,73153,73154,73156,73158,73160],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,73155,276],{"class":147},[48,73157,151],{"class":62},[48,73159,138],{"class":137},[48,73161,162],{"class":62},[20,73163,168],{},[39,73165,73166],{"className":41,"code":73044,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,73167,73168],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73169,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73171,682],{"class":62},[48,73173,311],{"class":66},[48,73175,1146],{"class":70},[48,73177,311],{"class":66},[48,73179,87],{"class":62},[48,73181,320],{"class":66},[48,73183,33756],{"class":70},[48,73185,311],{"class":66},[48,73187,1465],{"class":62},[34,73189,66181],{"id":66180},[20,73191,66184,73192,134],{},[15,73193,41246],{},[39,73195,73197],{"className":41,"code":73196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,73198,73199,73231],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73200,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73202,8549],{"class":54},[48,73204,59],{"class":58},[48,73206,4404],{"class":62},[48,73208,67],{"class":66},[48,73210,1128],{"class":70},[48,73212,67],{"class":66},[48,73214,87],{"class":62},[48,73216,79],{"class":66},[48,73218,1146],{"class":70},[48,73220,67],{"class":66},[48,73222,87],{"class":62},[48,73224,79],{"class":66},[48,73226,33756],{"class":70},[48,73228,67],{"class":66},[48,73230,1465],{"class":62},[48,73232,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,73234,138],{"class":54},[48,73236,134],{"class":62},[48,73238,35331],{"class":137},[48,73240,151],{"class":62},[48,73242,67],{"class":66},[48,73244,1164],{"class":70},[48,73246,67],{"class":66},[48,73248,162],{"class":62},[20,73250,168],{},[39,73252,73254],{"className":41,"code":73253,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73255,73256],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73257,73258,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73259,41246],{"class":281},[48,73261,76],{"class":62},[48,73263,1191],{"class":281},[48,73265,134],{"class":62},[48,73267,35331],{"class":137},[48,73269,151],{"class":62},[48,73271,611],{"class":137},[48,73273,17180],{"class":62},[48,73275,4662],{"class":54},[48,73277,5413],{"class":58},[48,73279,21891],{"class":58},[48,73281,73282],{"class":281}," list\n",[20,73284,73285],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73287,73288],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[39,73290,73292],{"className":41,"code":73291,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73293,73294,73326,73338,73342,73354,73369,73373],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73295,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320,73322,73324],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73297,8549],{"class":54},[48,73299,59],{"class":58},[48,73301,4404],{"class":62},[48,73303,67],{"class":66},[48,73305,1128],{"class":70},[48,73307,67],{"class":66},[48,73309,87],{"class":62},[48,73311,79],{"class":66},[48,73313,1146],{"class":70},[48,73315,67],{"class":66},[48,73317,87],{"class":62},[48,73319,79],{"class":66},[48,73321,33756],{"class":70},[48,73323,67],{"class":66},[48,73325,1465],{"class":62},[48,73327,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,73329,3231],{"class":54},[48,73331,59],{"class":58},[48,73333,79],{"class":66},[48,73335,1164],{"class":70},[48,73337,4138],{"class":66},[48,73339,73340],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,73341,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,73343,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,73345,7767],{"class":116},[48,73347,125],{"class":54},[48,73349,128],{"class":58},[48,73351,6741],{"class":54},[48,73353,1053],{"class":62},[48,73355,73356,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,73357,73358],{"class":54},"    items",[48,73360,134],{"class":62},[48,73362,35331],{"class":137},[48,73364,151],{"class":62},[48,73366,933],{"class":137},[48,73368,162],{"class":62},[48,73370,73371],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,73372,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,73374,73375,73377,73379,73381],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,73376,276],{"class":147},[48,73378,151],{"class":62},[48,73380,138],{"class":137},[48,73382,162],{"class":62},[20,73384,168],{},[39,73386,73388],{"className":41,"code":73387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73389,73390],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73391,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402,73404,73406,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73393,682],{"class":62},[48,73395,311],{"class":66},[48,73397,1128],{"class":70},[48,73399,311],{"class":66},[48,73401,87],{"class":62},[48,73403,320],{"class":66},[48,73405,1146],{"class":70},[48,73407,311],{"class":66},[48,73409,87],{"class":62},[48,73411,320],{"class":66},[48,73413,33756],{"class":70},[48,73415,311],{"class":66},[48,73417,1465],{"class":62},[20,73419,73420,73421,73423],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73422,56077],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73425,73426,73427,134],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[348,73428,66390],{"href":73429},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[34,73431,73433],{"id":73432},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73435,73436,5174,73438,73440],{},[15,73437,56077],{},[15,73439,13506],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[209,73442,73443,73450,73456,73462],{},[212,73444,73445,73447,73448],{},[15,73446,56077],{}," deletes by ",[166,73449,933],{},[212,73451,73452,73447,73454],{},[15,73453,13506],{},[166,73455,36384],{},[212,73457,73458,3181,73460],{},[15,73459,56077],{},[15,73461,4560],{},[212,73463,73464,73466],{},[15,73465,13506],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73468,46585,73469,76],{},[15,73470,56077],{},[39,73472,73474],{"className":41,"code":73473,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73475,73476,73508,73526],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73477,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502,73504,73506],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73479,8549],{"class":54},[48,73481,59],{"class":58},[48,73483,4404],{"class":62},[48,73485,67],{"class":66},[48,73487,1128],{"class":70},[48,73489,67],{"class":66},[48,73491,87],{"class":62},[48,73493,79],{"class":66},[48,73495,1146],{"class":70},[48,73497,67],{"class":66},[48,73499,87],{"class":62},[48,73501,79],{"class":66},[48,73503,33756],{"class":70},[48,73505,67],{"class":66},[48,73507,1465],{"class":62},[48,73509,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,73511,138],{"class":54},[48,73513,134],{"class":62},[48,73515,35331],{"class":137},[48,73517,151],{"class":62},[48,73519,67],{"class":66},[48,73521,1146],{"class":70},[48,73523,67],{"class":66},[48,73525,162],{"class":62},[48,73527,73528,73530,73532,73534],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,73529,276],{"class":147},[48,73531,151],{"class":62},[48,73533,138],{"class":137},[48,73535,162],{"class":62},[20,73537,168],{},[39,73539,73541],{"className":41,"code":73540,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73542,73543],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73544,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73546,682],{"class":62},[48,73548,311],{"class":66},[48,73550,1128],{"class":70},[48,73552,311],{"class":66},[48,73554,87],{"class":62},[48,73556,320],{"class":66},[48,73558,33756],{"class":70},[48,73560,311],{"class":66},[48,73562,1465],{"class":62},[20,73564,46585,73565,76],{},[15,73566,13506],{},[39,73568,73570],{"className":41,"code":73569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73571,73572,73604,73623,73627,73637],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73573,73574,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73575,8549],{"class":54},[48,73577,59],{"class":58},[48,73579,4404],{"class":62},[48,73581,67],{"class":66},[48,73583,1128],{"class":70},[48,73585,67],{"class":66},[48,73587,87],{"class":62},[48,73589,79],{"class":66},[48,73591,1146],{"class":70},[48,73593,67],{"class":66},[48,73595,87],{"class":62},[48,73597,79],{"class":66},[48,73599,33756],{"class":70},[48,73601,67],{"class":66},[48,73603,1465],{"class":62},[48,73605,73606,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,73607,73608],{"class":54},"removed_item ",[48,73610,59],{"class":58},[48,73612,6741],{"class":54},[48,73614,134],{"class":62},[48,73616,26773],{"class":137},[48,73618,151],{"class":62},[48,73620,3770],{"class":99},[48,73622,162],{"class":62},[48,73624,73625],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,73626,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,73628,73629,73631,73633,73635],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,73630,276],{"class":147},[48,73632,151],{"class":62},[48,73634,138],{"class":137},[48,73636,162],{"class":62},[48,73638,73639,73641,73643,73646],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,73640,276],{"class":147},[48,73642,151],{"class":62},[48,73644,73645],{"class":137},"removed_item",[48,73647,162],{"class":62},[20,73649,168],{},[39,73651,73653],{"className":41,"code":73652,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73654,73655,73675],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73656,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73658,682],{"class":62},[48,73660,311],{"class":66},[48,73662,1128],{"class":70},[48,73664,311],{"class":66},[48,73666,87],{"class":62},[48,73668,320],{"class":66},[48,73670,33756],{"class":70},[48,73672,311],{"class":66},[48,73674,1465],{"class":62},[48,73676,73677],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,73678,70957],{"class":54},[20,73680,189,73681,73683],{},[15,73682,56077],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73685,189,73686,73688],{},[15,73687,13506],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73690,73691,73692,134],{},"For more detail, see the ",[348,73693,73694],{"href":55627},"Python list pop() method",[34,73696,73698],{"id":73697},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73700,73701,5174,73703,73705],{},[15,73702,56077],{},[15,73704,27557],{}," are also different.",[209,73707,73708,73713,73718,73723],{},[212,73709,73710,73712],{},[15,73711,56077],{}," deletes by matching value",[212,73714,73715,73717],{},[15,73716,27557],{}," deletes by index or slice",[212,73719,189,73720,73722],{},[15,73721,27557],{}," when you know the position",[212,73724,189,73725,73727],{},[15,73726,56077],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73729,46585,73730,76],{},[15,73731,27557],{},[39,73733,73735],{"className":41,"code":73734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73736,73737,73769,73781],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73738,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73740,8549],{"class":54},[48,73742,59],{"class":58},[48,73744,4404],{"class":62},[48,73746,67],{"class":66},[48,73748,1128],{"class":70},[48,73750,67],{"class":66},[48,73752,87],{"class":62},[48,73754,79],{"class":66},[48,73756,1146],{"class":70},[48,73758,67],{"class":66},[48,73760,87],{"class":62},[48,73762,79],{"class":66},[48,73764,33756],{"class":70},[48,73766,67],{"class":66},[48,73768,1465],{"class":62},[48,73770,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,73772,27557],{"class":116},[48,73774,6741],{"class":54},[48,73776,682],{"class":62},[48,73778,3770],{"class":99},[48,73780,1465],{"class":62},[48,73782,73783,73785,73787,73789],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,73784,276],{"class":147},[48,73786,151],{"class":62},[48,73788,138],{"class":137},[48,73790,162],{"class":62},[20,73792,168],{},[39,73794,73795],{"className":41,"code":73540,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,73796,73797],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73798,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73800,682],{"class":62},[48,73802,311],{"class":66},[48,73804,1128],{"class":70},[48,73806,311],{"class":66},[48,73808,87],{"class":62},[48,73810,320],{"class":66},[48,73812,33756],{"class":70},[48,73814,311],{"class":66},[48,73816,1465],{"class":62},[20,73818,73819,73820,73822,73823,73825],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73821,3770],{},", not the value ",[15,73824,65825],{}," directly.",[20,73827,73828,73829,134],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[348,73830,55616],{"href":55615},[34,73832,1745],{"id":1744},[20,73834,21929,73835,76],{},[15,73836,56077],{},[209,73838,73839,73842,73847,73854,73863],{},[212,73840,73841],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[212,73843,2015,73844,73846],{},[15,73845,56077],{}," to delete all matching values",[212,73848,13338,73849,73851,73852],{},[15,73850,56077],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73853,4560],{},[212,73855,9185,73856,45174,73858,352,73860,73862],{},[15,73857,56077],{},[15,73859,13506],{},[15,73861,27557],{}," would be a better fit",[212,73864,73865],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73867,72057],{},[39,73869,73871],{"className":41,"code":73870,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73872,73873,73883,73897,73915,73929],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73874,73875,73877,73879,73881],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73876,276],{"class":147},[48,73878,151],{"class":62},[48,73880,9106],{"class":137},[48,73882,162],{"class":62},[48,73884,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,73886,276],{"class":147},[48,73888,151],{"class":62},[48,73890,3231],{"class":137},[48,73892,128],{"class":116},[48,73894,9163],{"class":137},[48,73896,162],{"class":62},[48,73898,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,73900,276],{"class":147},[48,73902,151],{"class":62},[48,73904,9106],{"class":137},[48,73906,134],{"class":62},[48,73908,41802],{"class":137},[48,73910,151],{"class":62},[48,73912,933],{"class":137},[48,73914,670],{"class":62},[48,73916,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,73918,276],{"class":147},[48,73920,151],{"class":62},[48,73922,2094],{"class":281},[48,73924,151],{"class":62},[48,73926,9106],{"class":137},[48,73928,670],{"class":62},[48,73930,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,73932,32687],{"class":147},[48,73934,151],{"class":62},[48,73936,282],{"class":281},[48,73938,134],{"class":62},[48,73940,35331],{"class":25281},[48,73942,162],{"class":62},[20,73944,73945],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[209,73947,73948,73951,73954,73957],{},[212,73949,73950],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[212,73952,73953],{},"How many times does it appear?",[212,73955,73956],{},"Am I working with a list?",[212,73958,73959],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73961,73962,73963,73965],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[348,73964,72221],{"href":59514}," may also help.",[34,73967,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,73969,73971],{"id":73970},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73973,73974],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1752,73976,73978],{"id":73977},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73980,5925,73981,73983],{},[15,73982,4560],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1752,73985,73987],{"id":73986},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73989,73990,73991,73994,73995,134],{},"Check with ",[15,73992,73993],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73996,56077],{},[1752,73998,74000],{"id":73999},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,74002,189,74003,74005,74006,74008],{},[15,74004,56077],{}," for a value and ",[15,74007,13506],{}," for an index.",[34,74010,2679],{"id":2678},[209,74012,74013,74017,74021,74025,74029],{},[212,74014,74015],{},[348,74016,56063],{"href":55615},[212,74018,74019],{},[348,74020,73694],{"href":55627},[212,74022,74023],{},[348,74024,72221],{"href":59514},[212,74026,74027],{},[348,74028,66390],{"href":73429},[212,74030,74031],{},[348,74032,74034],{"href":74033},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2711,74036,74037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":74039},[74040,74041,74042,74043,74044,74045,74046,74047,74048,74049,74055],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":72366,"depth":106,"text":72367},{"id":6208,"depth":106,"text":6209},{"id":6563,"depth":106,"text":6564},{"id":72819,"depth":106,"text":72820},{"id":66180,"depth":106,"text":66181},{"id":73432,"depth":106,"text":73433},{"id":73697,"depth":106,"text":73698},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":74050},[74051,74052,74053,74054],{"id":73970,"depth":113,"text":73971},{"id":73977,"depth":113,"text":73978},{"id":73986,"depth":113,"text":73987},{"id":73999,"depth":113,"text":74000},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72269,"description":74056},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":74063,"title":74064,"body":74065,"description":75956,"extension":2749,"meta":75957,"navigation":109,"path":75958,"seo":75959,"stem":75960,"__hash__":75961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":74066,"toc":75926},[74067,74073,74079,74082,74093,74095,74144,74149,74154,74158,74173,74175,74240,74242,74283,74285,74287,74302,74304,74315,74317,74374,74376,74409,74411,74414,74463,74465,74490,74492,74508,74514,74521,74582,74584,74617,74622,74625,74705,74707,74768,74774,74778,74781,74845,74847,74872,74874,74894,74896,74945,74947,74968,74977,74980,74984,74989,75034,75036,75057,75063,75068,75076,75140,75142,75179,75185,75189,75196,75261,75263,75300,75304,75321,75331,75336,75341,75352,75359,75361,75367,75390,75393,75420,75425,75428,75529,75531,75586,75589,75696,75698,75769,75772,75798,75800,75805,75809,75817,75822,75827,75833,75838,75842,75845,75862,75865,75885,75893,75895,75923],[10,74068,54890,74070,18],{"id":74069},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,74071,74072],{},"reverse()",[20,74074,74075,74078],{},[15,74076,74077],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,74080,74081],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,74083,74084,74085,74087,74088,74092],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,74086,74072],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[348,74089,74091],{"href":74090},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[34,74094,4390],{"id":4389},[39,74096,74098],{"className":41,"code":74097,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74099,74100,74120,74131],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74101,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116,74118],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74103,2232],{"class":54},[48,74105,59],{"class":58},[48,74107,4404],{"class":62},[48,74109,3770],{"class":99},[48,74111,87],{"class":62},[48,74113,632],{"class":99},[48,74115,87],{"class":62},[48,74117,800],{"class":99},[48,74119,1465],{"class":62},[48,74121,74122,74124,74126,74129],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74123,2411],{"class":54},[48,74125,134],{"class":62},[48,74127,74128],{"class":137},"reverse",[48,74130,380],{"class":62},[48,74132,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,74134,276],{"class":147},[48,74136,151],{"class":62},[48,74138,2411],{"class":137},[48,74140,4442],{"class":62},[48,74142,74143],{"class":4445},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,74145,74146,74148],{},[15,74147,74072],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[34,74150,196,74152,199],{"id":74151},"what-listreverse-does",[15,74153,74077],{},[20,74155,74156,76],{},[15,74157,74077],{},[209,74159,74160,74163,74166,74170],{},[212,74161,74162],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[212,74164,74165],{},"Changes the original list directly",[212,74167,12175,74168],{},[15,74169,4560],{},[212,74171,74172],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,74174,226],{},[39,74176,74178],{"className":41,"code":74177,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,74179,74180,74220,74230],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74181,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74183,36629],{"class":54},[48,74185,59],{"class":58},[48,74187,4404],{"class":62},[48,74189,67],{"class":66},[48,74191,348],{"class":70},[48,74193,67],{"class":66},[48,74195,87],{"class":62},[48,74197,79],{"class":66},[48,74199,2059],{"class":70},[48,74201,67],{"class":66},[48,74203,87],{"class":62},[48,74205,79],{"class":66},[48,74207,2265],{"class":70},[48,74209,67],{"class":66},[48,74211,87],{"class":62},[48,74213,79],{"class":66},[48,74215,2324],{"class":70},[48,74217,67],{"class":66},[48,74219,1465],{"class":62},[48,74221,74222,74224,74226,74228],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74223,36682],{"class":54},[48,74225,134],{"class":62},[48,74227,74128],{"class":137},[48,74229,380],{"class":62},[48,74231,74232,74234,74236,74238],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,74233,276],{"class":147},[48,74235,151],{"class":62},[48,74237,36682],{"class":137},[48,74239,162],{"class":62},[20,74241,168],{},[39,74243,74245],{"className":41,"code":74244,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74246,74247],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74248,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74250,682],{"class":62},[48,74252,311],{"class":66},[48,74254,2324],{"class":70},[48,74256,311],{"class":66},[48,74258,87],{"class":62},[48,74260,320],{"class":66},[48,74262,2265],{"class":70},[48,74264,311],{"class":66},[48,74266,87],{"class":62},[48,74268,320],{"class":66},[48,74270,2059],{"class":70},[48,74272,311],{"class":66},[48,74274,87],{"class":62},[48,74276,320],{"class":66},[48,74278,348],{"class":70},[48,74280,311],{"class":66},[48,74282,1465],{"class":62},[34,74284,360],{"id":359},[20,74286,2944],{},[39,74288,74290],{"className":41,"code":74289,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74291,74292],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74293,74294,74296,74298,74300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74295,9106],{"class":54},[48,74297,134],{"class":62},[48,74299,74128],{"class":137},[48,74301,380],{"class":62},[20,74303,13792],{},[209,74305,74306,74309,74312],{},[212,74307,74308],{},"No arguments are needed",[212,74310,74311],{},"You call it on an existing list",[212,74313,74314],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74316,226],{},[39,74318,74320],{"className":41,"code":74319,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74321,74322,74354,74364],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74323,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74325,1119],{"class":54},[48,74327,59],{"class":58},[48,74329,4404],{"class":62},[48,74331,67],{"class":66},[48,74333,1137],{"class":70},[48,74335,67],{"class":66},[48,74337,87],{"class":62},[48,74339,79],{"class":66},[48,74341,18179],{"class":70},[48,74343,67],{"class":66},[48,74345,87],{"class":62},[48,74347,79],{"class":66},[48,74349,13848],{"class":70},[48,74351,67],{"class":66},[48,74353,1465],{"class":62},[48,74355,74356,74358,74360,74362],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74357,1196],{"class":54},[48,74359,134],{"class":62},[48,74361,74128],{"class":137},[48,74363,380],{"class":62},[48,74365,74366,74368,74370,74372],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,74367,276],{"class":147},[48,74369,151],{"class":62},[48,74371,1196],{"class":137},[48,74373,162],{"class":62},[20,74375,168],{},[39,74377,74379],{"className":41,"code":74378,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74380,74381],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74382,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405,74407],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74384,682],{"class":62},[48,74386,311],{"class":66},[48,74388,13848],{"class":70},[48,74390,311],{"class":66},[48,74392,87],{"class":62},[48,74394,320],{"class":66},[48,74396,18179],{"class":70},[48,74398,311],{"class":66},[48,74400,87],{"class":62},[48,74402,320],{"class":66},[48,74404,1137],{"class":70},[48,74406,311],{"class":66},[48,74408,1465],{"class":62},[34,74410,12225],{"id":12224},[20,74412,74413],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[39,74415,74417],{"className":41,"code":74416,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74418,74419,74443,74453],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74420,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439,74441],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74422,2232],{"class":54},[48,74424,59],{"class":58},[48,74426,4404],{"class":62},[48,74428,3114],{"class":99},[48,74430,87],{"class":62},[48,74432,2506],{"class":99},[48,74434,87],{"class":62},[48,74436,8564],{"class":99},[48,74438,87],{"class":62},[48,74440,51390],{"class":99},[48,74442,1465],{"class":62},[48,74444,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74446,2411],{"class":54},[48,74448,134],{"class":62},[48,74450,74128],{"class":137},[48,74452,380],{"class":62},[48,74454,74455,74457,74459,74461],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,74456,276],{"class":147},[48,74458,151],{"class":62},[48,74460,2411],{"class":137},[48,74462,162],{"class":62},[20,74464,168],{},[39,74466,74468],{"className":41,"code":74467,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74469,74470],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74471,74472,74474,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484,74486,74488],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74473,682],{"class":62},[48,74475,57241],{"class":99},[48,74477,87],{"class":62},[48,74479,8564],{"class":99},[48,74481,87],{"class":62},[48,74483,2506],{"class":99},[48,74485,87],{"class":62},[48,74487,2493],{"class":99},[48,74489,1465],{"class":62},[20,74491,12431],{},[209,74493,74494,74500,74505],{},[212,74495,74496,74497],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74498,74499],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[212,74501,74502,74504],{},[15,74503,74072],{}," flips the order",[212,74506,74507],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[34,74509,74511,74513],{"id":74510},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74512,74072],{}," changes the original list",[20,74515,74516,74517,74520],{},"This method is ",[166,74518,74519],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[39,74522,74524],{"className":41,"code":74523,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74525,74526,74558,74568,74572],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74527,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548,74550,74552,74554,74556],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74529,36778],{"class":54},[48,74531,59],{"class":58},[48,74533,4404],{"class":62},[48,74535,67],{"class":66},[48,74537,1128],{"class":70},[48,74539,67],{"class":66},[48,74541,87],{"class":62},[48,74543,79],{"class":66},[48,74545,1146],{"class":70},[48,74547,67],{"class":66},[48,74549,87],{"class":62},[48,74551,79],{"class":66},[48,74553,4877],{"class":70},[48,74555,67],{"class":66},[48,74557,1465],{"class":62},[48,74559,74560,74562,74564,74566],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74561,36830],{"class":54},[48,74563,134],{"class":62},[48,74565,74128],{"class":137},[48,74567,380],{"class":62},[48,74569,74570],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,74571,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,74573,74574,74576,74578,74580],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,74575,276],{"class":147},[48,74577,151],{"class":62},[48,74579,36830],{"class":137},[48,74581,162],{"class":62},[20,74583,168],{},[39,74585,74587],{"className":41,"code":74586,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74588,74589],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74590,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74592,682],{"class":62},[48,74594,311],{"class":66},[48,74596,4877],{"class":70},[48,74598,311],{"class":66},[48,74600,87],{"class":62},[48,74602,320],{"class":66},[48,74604,1146],{"class":70},[48,74606,311],{"class":66},[48,74608,87],{"class":62},[48,74610,320],{"class":66},[48,74612,1128],{"class":70},[48,74614,311],{"class":66},[48,74616,1465],{"class":62},[20,74618,189,74619,74621],{},[15,74620,74072],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74623,74624],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[39,74626,74628],{"className":41,"code":74627,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74629,74630,74662,74680,74684,74694],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74631,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74633,36778],{"class":54},[48,74635,59],{"class":58},[48,74637,4404],{"class":62},[48,74639,67],{"class":66},[48,74641,1128],{"class":70},[48,74643,67],{"class":66},[48,74645,87],{"class":62},[48,74647,79],{"class":66},[48,74649,1146],{"class":70},[48,74651,67],{"class":66},[48,74653,87],{"class":62},[48,74655,79],{"class":66},[48,74657,4877],{"class":70},[48,74659,67],{"class":66},[48,74661,1465],{"class":62},[48,74663,74664,74667,74669,74671,74674,74676,74678],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74665,74666],{"class":54},"reversed_fruits ",[48,74668,59],{"class":58},[48,74670,53399],{"class":54},[48,74672,74673],{"class":62},"[::",[48,74675,2807],{"class":58},[48,74677,3770],{"class":99},[48,74679,1465],{"class":62},[48,74681,74682],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,74683,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,74685,74686,74688,74690,74692],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,74687,276],{"class":147},[48,74689,151],{"class":62},[48,74691,36830],{"class":137},[48,74693,162],{"class":62},[48,74695,74696,74698,74700,74703],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,74697,276],{"class":147},[48,74699,151],{"class":62},[48,74701,74702],{"class":137},"reversed_fruits",[48,74704,162],{"class":62},[20,74706,168],{},[39,74708,74710],{"className":41,"code":74709,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74711,74712,74740],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74713,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74715,682],{"class":62},[48,74717,311],{"class":66},[48,74719,1128],{"class":70},[48,74721,311],{"class":66},[48,74723,87],{"class":62},[48,74725,320],{"class":66},[48,74727,1146],{"class":70},[48,74729,311],{"class":66},[48,74731,87],{"class":62},[48,74733,320],{"class":66},[48,74735,4877],{"class":70},[48,74737,311],{"class":66},[48,74739,1465],{"class":62},[48,74741,74742,74744,74746,74748,74750,74752,74754,74756,74758,74760,74762,74764,74766],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74743,682],{"class":62},[48,74745,311],{"class":66},[48,74747,4877],{"class":70},[48,74749,311],{"class":66},[48,74751,87],{"class":62},[48,74753,320],{"class":66},[48,74755,1146],{"class":70},[48,74757,311],{"class":66},[48,74759,87],{"class":62},[48,74761,320],{"class":66},[48,74763,1128],{"class":70},[48,74765,311],{"class":66},[48,74767,1465],{"class":62},[20,74769,74770,74771,134],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[348,74772,74773],{"href":74090},"Python list slicing explained",[34,74775,74777],{"id":74776},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74779,74780],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[39,74782,74784],{"className":41,"code":74783,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74785,74786,74806,74820,74824,74835],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74787,74788,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74789,2232],{"class":54},[48,74791,59],{"class":58},[48,74793,4404],{"class":62},[48,74795,3770],{"class":99},[48,74797,87],{"class":62},[48,74799,632],{"class":99},[48,74801,87],{"class":62},[48,74803,800],{"class":99},[48,74805,1465],{"class":62},[48,74807,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74809,56438],{"class":54},[48,74811,59],{"class":58},[48,74813,2292],{"class":54},[48,74815,134],{"class":62},[48,74817,74128],{"class":137},[48,74819,380],{"class":62},[48,74821,74822],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,74823,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,74825,74826,74828,74830,74833],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,74827,276],{"class":147},[48,74829,151],{"class":62},[48,74831,74832],{"class":137},"new_list",[48,74834,162],{"class":62},[48,74836,74837,74839,74841,74843],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,74838,276],{"class":147},[48,74840,151],{"class":62},[48,74842,2411],{"class":137},[48,74844,162],{"class":62},[20,74846,168],{},[39,74848,74850],{"className":41,"code":74849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74851,74852,74856],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74853,74854],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74855,12553],{"class":1642},[48,74857,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868,74870],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74859,682],{"class":62},[48,74861,2848],{"class":99},[48,74863,87],{"class":62},[48,74865,632],{"class":99},[48,74867,87],{"class":62},[48,74869,618],{"class":99},[48,74871,1465],{"class":62},[20,74873,12645],{},[209,74875,74876,74884,74888],{},[212,74877,74878,74880,74881,74883],{},[15,74879,74072],{}," changes ",[15,74882,2411],{}," directly",[212,74885,41448,74886,72390],{},[166,74887,5413],{},[212,74889,54201,74890,42698,74892],{},[15,74891,74832],{},[15,74893,4560],{},[20,74895,62448],{},[39,74897,74899],{"className":41,"code":74898,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74900,74901,74921,74931,74935],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74902,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911,74913,74915,74917,74919],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74904,2232],{"class":54},[48,74906,59],{"class":58},[48,74908,4404],{"class":62},[48,74910,3770],{"class":99},[48,74912,87],{"class":62},[48,74914,632],{"class":99},[48,74916,87],{"class":62},[48,74918,800],{"class":99},[48,74920,1465],{"class":62},[48,74922,74923,74925,74927,74929],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,74924,2411],{"class":54},[48,74926,134],{"class":62},[48,74928,74128],{"class":137},[48,74930,380],{"class":62},[48,74932,74933],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,74934,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,74936,74937,74939,74941,74943],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,74938,276],{"class":147},[48,74940,151],{"class":62},[48,74942,2411],{"class":137},[48,74944,162],{"class":62},[20,74946,168],{},[39,74948,74950],{"className":41,"code":74949,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74951,74952],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74953,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962,74964,74966],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74955,682],{"class":62},[48,74957,2848],{"class":99},[48,74959,87],{"class":62},[48,74961,632],{"class":99},[48,74963,87],{"class":62},[48,74965,618],{"class":99},[48,74967,1465],{"class":62},[34,74969,74971,1306,74973,74976],{"id":74970},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74972,74072],{},[15,74974,74975],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74978,74979],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1752,74981,74982],{"id":74128},[15,74983,74072],{},[20,74985,74986,74988],{},[15,74987,74072],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[39,74990,74992],{"className":41,"code":74991,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74993,74994,75014,75024],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74995,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010,75012],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74997,2232],{"class":54},[48,74999,59],{"class":58},[48,75001,4404],{"class":62},[48,75003,2848],{"class":99},[48,75005,87],{"class":62},[48,75007,618],{"class":99},[48,75009,87],{"class":62},[48,75011,632],{"class":99},[48,75013,1465],{"class":62},[48,75015,75016,75018,75020,75022],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75017,2411],{"class":54},[48,75019,134],{"class":62},[48,75021,74128],{"class":137},[48,75023,380],{"class":62},[48,75025,75026,75028,75030,75032],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,75027,276],{"class":147},[48,75029,151],{"class":62},[48,75031,2411],{"class":137},[48,75033,162],{"class":62},[20,75035,168],{},[39,75037,75039],{"className":41,"code":75038,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75040,75041],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75042,75043,75045,75047,75049,75051,75053,75055],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75044,682],{"class":62},[48,75046,2842],{"class":99},[48,75048,87],{"class":62},[48,75050,618],{"class":99},[48,75052,87],{"class":62},[48,75054,800],{"class":99},[48,75056,1465],{"class":62},[20,75058,75059,75060,75062],{},"Notice that this is ",[166,75061,5413],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1752,75064,75066],{"id":75065},"sorted",[15,75067,74975],{},[20,75069,75070,75075],{},[348,75071,75073],{"href":75072},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,75074,74975],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[39,75077,75079],{"className":41,"code":75078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75080,75081,75101,75116,75120,75130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75082,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095,75097,75099],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75084,2232],{"class":54},[48,75086,59],{"class":58},[48,75088,4404],{"class":62},[48,75090,2848],{"class":99},[48,75092,87],{"class":62},[48,75094,618],{"class":99},[48,75096,87],{"class":62},[48,75098,632],{"class":99},[48,75100,1465],{"class":62},[48,75102,75103,75105,75107,75110,75112,75114],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75104,449],{"class":54},[48,75106,59],{"class":58},[48,75108,75109],{"class":147}," sorted",[48,75111,151],{"class":62},[48,75113,2411],{"class":137},[48,75115,162],{"class":62},[48,75117,75118],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,75119,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,75121,75122,75124,75126,75128],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,75123,276],{"class":147},[48,75125,151],{"class":62},[48,75127,2411],{"class":137},[48,75129,162],{"class":62},[48,75131,75132,75134,75136,75138],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,75133,276],{"class":147},[48,75135,151],{"class":62},[48,75137,474],{"class":137},[48,75139,162],{"class":62},[20,75141,168],{},[39,75143,75145],{"className":41,"code":75144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75146,75147,75163],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75148,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75150,682],{"class":62},[48,75152,2848],{"class":99},[48,75154,87],{"class":62},[48,75156,618],{"class":99},[48,75158,87],{"class":62},[48,75160,632],{"class":99},[48,75162,1465],{"class":62},[48,75164,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173,75175,75177],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75166,682],{"class":62},[48,75168,3770],{"class":99},[48,75170,87],{"class":62},[48,75172,632],{"class":99},[48,75174,87],{"class":62},[48,75176,800],{"class":99},[48,75178,1465],{"class":62},[20,75180,75181,75182,134],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,75183,75184],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1752,75186,75188],{"id":75187},"slicing","Slicing",[20,75190,75191,75192,75195],{},"Slicing with ",[15,75193,75194],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[39,75197,75199],{"className":41,"code":75198,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75200,75201,75221,75237,75241,75251],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75202,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75204,2232],{"class":54},[48,75206,59],{"class":58},[48,75208,4404],{"class":62},[48,75210,2848],{"class":99},[48,75212,87],{"class":62},[48,75214,618],{"class":99},[48,75216,87],{"class":62},[48,75218,632],{"class":99},[48,75220,1465],{"class":62},[48,75222,75223,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75224,449],{"class":54},[48,75226,59],{"class":58},[48,75228,2292],{"class":54},[48,75230,74673],{"class":62},[48,75232,2807],{"class":58},[48,75234,3770],{"class":99},[48,75236,1465],{"class":62},[48,75238,75239],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,75240,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,75242,75243,75245,75247,75249],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,75244,276],{"class":147},[48,75246,151],{"class":62},[48,75248,2411],{"class":137},[48,75250,162],{"class":62},[48,75252,75253,75255,75257,75259],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,75254,276],{"class":147},[48,75256,151],{"class":62},[48,75258,474],{"class":137},[48,75260,162],{"class":62},[20,75262,168],{},[39,75264,75266],{"className":41,"code":75265,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75267,75268,75284],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75269,75270,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75271,682],{"class":62},[48,75273,2848],{"class":99},[48,75275,87],{"class":62},[48,75277,618],{"class":99},[48,75279,87],{"class":62},[48,75281,632],{"class":99},[48,75283,1465],{"class":62},[48,75285,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75287,682],{"class":62},[48,75289,2842],{"class":99},[48,75291,87],{"class":62},[48,75293,618],{"class":99},[48,75295,87],{"class":62},[48,75297,800],{"class":99},[48,75299,1465],{"class":62},[1752,75301,75303],{"id":75302},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[209,75305,75306,75311,75316],{},[212,75307,189,75308,75310],{},[15,75309,74072],{}," when you want to change the original list",[212,75312,189,75313,75315],{},[15,75314,75194],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[212,75317,189,75318,75320],{},[15,75319,74975],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75322,75323,75324,75330],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[348,75325,75327,75328,2689],{"href":75326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75329,64862],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[34,75332,1545,75334],{"id":75333},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75335,74072],{},[20,75337,75338,75340],{},[15,75339,74072],{}," is a good choice:",[209,75342,75343,75346,75349],{},[212,75344,75345],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[212,75347,75348],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[212,75350,75351],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75353,75354,75355,134],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[348,75356,75358],{"href":75357},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[34,75360,1745],{"id":1744},[20,75362,75363,75364,75366],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75365,74072],{}," for these reasons:",[209,75368,75369,75373,75378,75383],{},[212,75370,13338,75371,13341],{},[15,75372,74072],{},[212,75374,2015,75375,75377],{},[15,75376,74072],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[212,75379,9185,75380,75382],{},[15,75381,74072],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[212,75384,37744,75385,9471,75387],{},[15,75386,74072],{},[15,75388,75389],{},"reversed()",[20,75391,75392],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[39,75394,75396],{"className":41,"code":75395,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75397,75398,75410],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75399,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75401,35224],{"class":54},[48,75403,59],{"class":58},[48,75405,79],{"class":66},[48,75407,4628],{"class":70},[48,75409,4138],{"class":66},[48,75411,75412,75414,75416,75418],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75413,35245],{"class":54},[48,75415,134],{"class":62},[48,75417,74128],{"class":137},[48,75419,380],{"class":62},[20,75421,75422,75423,34136],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75424,74072],{},[20,75426,75427],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[39,75429,75431],{"className":41,"code":75430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75432,75433,75453,75457,75467,75481,75485,75499,75509,75513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75434,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75436,9075],{"class":54},[48,75438,59],{"class":58},[48,75440,4404],{"class":62},[48,75442,3770],{"class":99},[48,75444,87],{"class":62},[48,75446,632],{"class":99},[48,75448,87],{"class":62},[48,75450,800],{"class":99},[48,75452,1465],{"class":62},[48,75454,75455],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75456,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,75458,75459,75461,75463,75465],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,75460,276],{"class":147},[48,75462,151],{"class":62},[48,75464,9106],{"class":137},[48,75466,162],{"class":62},[48,75468,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,75470,276],{"class":147},[48,75472,151],{"class":62},[48,75474,2094],{"class":281},[48,75476,151],{"class":62},[48,75478,9106],{"class":137},[48,75480,670],{"class":62},[48,75482,75483],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,75484,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,75486,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,75488,449],{"class":54},[48,75490,59],{"class":58},[48,75492,9163],{"class":54},[48,75494,134],{"class":62},[48,75496,74128],{"class":137},[48,75498,380],{"class":62},[48,75500,75501,75503,75505,75507],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,75502,276],{"class":147},[48,75504,151],{"class":62},[48,75506,474],{"class":137},[48,75508,162],{"class":62},[48,75510,75511],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,75512,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,75514,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,75516,276],{"class":147},[48,75518,151],{"class":62},[48,75520,9106],{"class":137},[48,75522,74673],{"class":62},[48,75524,2807],{"class":58},[48,75526,3770],{"class":99},[48,75528,4670],{"class":62},[20,75530,168],{},[39,75532,75534],{"className":41,"code":75533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75535,75536,75552,75566,75570],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75537,75538,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75539,682],{"class":62},[48,75541,3770],{"class":99},[48,75543,87],{"class":62},[48,75545,632],{"class":99},[48,75547,87],{"class":62},[48,75549,800],{"class":99},[48,75551,1465],{"class":62},[48,75553,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75555,2168],{"class":58},[48,75557,2171],{"class":915},[48,75559,320],{"class":66},[48,75561,282],{"class":70},[48,75563,311],{"class":66},[48,75565,2180],{"class":58},[48,75567,75568],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,75569,12553],{"class":1642},[48,75571,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,75573,682],{"class":62},[48,75575,3770],{"class":99},[48,75577,87],{"class":62},[48,75579,632],{"class":99},[48,75581,87],{"class":62},[48,75583,618],{"class":99},[48,75585,1465],{"class":62},[20,75587,75588],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[39,75590,75592],{"className":41,"code":75591,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75593,75594,75614,75618,75628,75642,75646,75660,75670,75680],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75595,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75597,9075],{"class":54},[48,75599,59],{"class":58},[48,75601,4404],{"class":62},[48,75603,3770],{"class":99},[48,75605,87],{"class":62},[48,75607,632],{"class":99},[48,75609,87],{"class":62},[48,75611,800],{"class":99},[48,75613,1465],{"class":62},[48,75615,75616],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75617,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,75619,75620,75622,75624,75626],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,75621,276],{"class":147},[48,75623,151],{"class":62},[48,75625,9106],{"class":137},[48,75627,162],{"class":62},[48,75629,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,75631,276],{"class":147},[48,75633,151],{"class":62},[48,75635,2094],{"class":281},[48,75637,151],{"class":62},[48,75639,9106],{"class":137},[48,75641,670],{"class":62},[48,75643,75644],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,75645,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,75647,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,75649,449],{"class":54},[48,75651,59],{"class":58},[48,75653,9163],{"class":54},[48,75655,134],{"class":62},[48,75657,74128],{"class":137},[48,75659,380],{"class":62},[48,75661,75662,75664,75666,75668],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,75663,276],{"class":147},[48,75665,151],{"class":62},[48,75667,474],{"class":137},[48,75669,162],{"class":62},[48,75671,75672,75674,75676,75678],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,75673,276],{"class":147},[48,75675,151],{"class":62},[48,75677,9106],{"class":137},[48,75679,162],{"class":62},[48,75681,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,75683,276],{"class":147},[48,75685,151],{"class":62},[48,75687,9106],{"class":137},[48,75689,74673],{"class":62},[48,75691,2807],{"class":58},[48,75693,3770],{"class":99},[48,75695,4670],{"class":62},[20,75697,168],{},[39,75699,75701],{"className":41,"code":75700,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75702,75703,75719,75733,75737,75753],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75704,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75706,682],{"class":62},[48,75708,3770],{"class":99},[48,75710,87],{"class":62},[48,75712,632],{"class":99},[48,75714,87],{"class":62},[48,75716,800],{"class":99},[48,75718,1465],{"class":62},[48,75720,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,75722,2168],{"class":58},[48,75724,2171],{"class":915},[48,75726,320],{"class":66},[48,75728,282],{"class":70},[48,75730,311],{"class":66},[48,75732,2180],{"class":58},[48,75734,75735],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,75736,12553],{"class":1642},[48,75738,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,75740,682],{"class":62},[48,75742,2848],{"class":99},[48,75744,87],{"class":62},[48,75746,632],{"class":99},[48,75748,87],{"class":62},[48,75750,618],{"class":99},[48,75752,1465],{"class":62},[48,75754,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,75756,682],{"class":62},[48,75758,3770],{"class":99},[48,75760,87],{"class":62},[48,75762,632],{"class":99},[48,75764,87],{"class":62},[48,75766,800],{"class":99},[48,75768,1465],{"class":62},[20,75770,75771],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[209,75773,75774,75783,75792],{},[212,75775,28328,75776,75779,75780],{},[15,75777,75778],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75781,75782],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[212,75784,12661,75785,75788,75789,1191],{},[15,75786,75787],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[166,75790,75791],{},"current",[212,75793,75794,75795],{},"So it prints ",[15,75796,75797],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[34,75799,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,75801,2606,75803,56017],{"id":75802},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75804,74077],{},[20,75806,63153,75807,134],{},[15,75808,4560],{},[1752,75810,34741,75812,34744,75814,2623],{"id":75811},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75813,74072],{},[15,75815,75816],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75818,75819,75821],{},[15,75820,74072],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75823,75824,75826],{},[15,75825,75816],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1752,75828,28861,75830,75832],{"id":75829},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75831,74072],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75834,46910,75835,75837],{},[15,75836,74072],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1752,75839,75841],{"id":75840},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75843,75844],{},"Use slicing:",[39,75846,75848],{"className":41,"code":75847,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75849,75850],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75851,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75853,9106],{"class":54},[48,75855,74673],{"class":62},[48,75857,2807],{"class":58},[48,75859,3770],{"class":99},[48,75861,1465],{"class":62},[20,75863,75864],{},"Or use:",[39,75866,75868],{"className":41,"code":75867,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75869,75870],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75871,75872,75874,75876,75879,75881,75883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75873,282],{"class":281},[48,75875,151],{"class":62},[48,75877,75878],{"class":147},"reversed",[48,75880,151],{"class":62},[48,75882,9106],{"class":137},[48,75884,670],{"class":62},[20,75886,75887,75888,75892],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[348,75889,56068,75890],{"href":55508},[15,75891,13520],{}," can also help.",[34,75894,2679],{"id":2678},[209,75896,75897,75903,75909,75913,75917],{},[212,75898,75899],{},[348,75900,56068,75901,2689],{"href":75326},[15,75902,64862],{},[212,75904,75905],{},[348,75906,4356,75907,4289],{"href":75072},[15,75908,74975],{},[212,75910,75911],{},[348,75912,75358],{"href":75357},[212,75914,75915],{},[348,75916,74773],{"href":74090},[212,75918,75919],{},[348,75920,56068,75921,2689],{"href":55508},[15,75922,13520],{},[2711,75924,75925],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":75927},[75928,75929,75931,75932,75933,75935,75936,75943,75945,75946,75955],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":74151,"depth":106,"text":75930},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":74510,"depth":106,"text":75934},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74776,"depth":106,"text":74777},{"id":74970,"depth":106,"text":75937,"children":75938},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75939,75940,75941,75942],{"id":74128,"depth":113,"text":74072},{"id":75065,"depth":113,"text":74975},{"id":75187,"depth":113,"text":75188},{"id":75302,"depth":113,"text":75303},{"id":75333,"depth":106,"text":75944},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":75947},[75948,75950,75952,75954],{"id":75802,"depth":113,"text":75949},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75811,"depth":113,"text":75951},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75829,"depth":113,"text":75953},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75840,"depth":113,"text":75841},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":74064,"description":75956},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75963,"title":75964,"body":75965,"description":78398,"extension":2749,"meta":78399,"navigation":109,"path":78400,"seo":78401,"stem":78402,"__hash__":78403},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75966,"toc":78366},[75967,75970,75982,75985,76008,76016,76018,76130,76139,76143,76146,76149,76236,76238,76271,76273,76296,76302,76306,76309,76331,76333,76350,76353,76373,76375,76485,76487,76564,76568,76571,76614,76616,76749,76751,76853,76858,76862,76865,76867,76881,76884,76998,77000,77074,77076,77104,77108,77113,77143,77146,77272,77274,77356,77362,77366,77368,77407,77416,77420,77423,77427,77474,77476,77484,77488,77539,77541,77554,77556,77570,77573,77581,77583,77630,77632,77640,77643,77686,77691,77694,77697,77720,77724,77775,77778,77799,77809,77813,77815,77845,77848,77871,77875,77878,77945,77947,77984,77987,77995,78062,78064,78101,78107,78114,78118,78121,78151,78156,78160,78163,78187,78190,78284,78294,78296,78300,78303,78307,78310,78315,78318,78324,78327,78329,78357,78363],[10,75968,75964],{"id":75969},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75971,75972,75973,2973,75975,17798,75978,75981],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75974,36611],{},[15,75976,75977],{},"stop",[15,75979,75980],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75983,75984],{},"The basic slice form is:",[39,75986,75988],{"className":41,"code":75987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75989,75990],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75991,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75993,9106],{"class":54},[48,75995,682],{"class":62},[48,75997,36611],{"class":54},[48,75999,76],{"class":62},[48,76001,75977],{"class":54},[48,76003,76],{"class":62},[48,76005,75980],{"class":54},[48,76007,1465],{"class":62},[20,76009,76010,76011,76013,76014,134],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,76012,75977],{}," position is ",[166,76015,65620],{},[34,76017,37],{"id":36},[39,76019,76021],{"className":41,"code":76020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76022,76023,76051,76055,76076,76094,76111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76024,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047,76049],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76026,2232],{"class":54},[48,76028,59],{"class":58},[48,76030,4404],{"class":62},[48,76032,3114],{"class":99},[48,76034,87],{"class":62},[48,76036,2506],{"class":99},[48,76038,87],{"class":62},[48,76040,8564],{"class":99},[48,76042,87],{"class":62},[48,76044,51390],{"class":99},[48,76046,87],{"class":62},[48,76048,5859],{"class":99},[48,76050,1465],{"class":62},[48,76052,76053],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,76054,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,76056,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,76058,276],{"class":147},[48,76060,151],{"class":62},[48,76062,2411],{"class":137},[48,76064,682],{"class":62},[48,76066,3770],{"class":99},[48,76068,76],{"class":62},[48,76070,3288],{"class":99},[48,76072,21164],{"class":62},[48,76074,76075],{"class":4445},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[48,76077,76078,76080,76082,76084,76087,76089,76091],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,76079,276],{"class":147},[48,76081,151],{"class":62},[48,76083,2411],{"class":137},[48,76085,76086],{"class":62},"[:",[48,76088,2848],{"class":99},[48,76090,21164],{"class":62},[48,76092,76093],{"class":4445},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[48,76095,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,76097,276],{"class":147},[48,76099,151],{"class":62},[48,76101,2411],{"class":137},[48,76103,74673],{"class":62},[48,76105,2842],{"class":99},[48,76107,21164],{"class":62},[48,76109,76110],{"class":4445},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[48,76112,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,76114,276],{"class":147},[48,76116,151],{"class":62},[48,76118,2411],{"class":137},[48,76120,74673],{"class":62},[48,76122,2807],{"class":58},[48,76124,3770],{"class":99},[48,76126,21164],{"class":62},[48,76128,76129],{"class":4445},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,76131,189,76132,76135,76136,76138],{},[15,76133,76134],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,76137,75977],{}," value is not included.",[34,76140,76142],{"id":76141},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,76144,76145],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,76147,76148],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[39,76150,76152],{"className":41,"code":76151,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,76153,76154,76202,76206,76225],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76155,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76157,36629],{"class":54},[48,76159,59],{"class":58},[48,76161,4404],{"class":62},[48,76163,67],{"class":66},[48,76165,348],{"class":70},[48,76167,67],{"class":66},[48,76169,87],{"class":62},[48,76171,79],{"class":66},[48,76173,2059],{"class":70},[48,76175,67],{"class":66},[48,76177,87],{"class":62},[48,76179,79],{"class":66},[48,76181,2265],{"class":70},[48,76183,67],{"class":66},[48,76185,87],{"class":62},[48,76187,79],{"class":66},[48,76189,2324],{"class":70},[48,76191,67],{"class":66},[48,76193,87],{"class":62},[48,76195,79],{"class":66},[48,76197,60997],{"class":70},[48,76199,67],{"class":66},[48,76201,1465],{"class":62},[48,76203,76204],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,76205,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,76207,76208,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,76209,76210],{"class":54},"part ",[48,76212,59],{"class":58},[48,76214,70647],{"class":54},[48,76216,682],{"class":62},[48,76218,3770],{"class":99},[48,76220,76],{"class":62},[48,76222,3288],{"class":99},[48,76224,1465],{"class":62},[48,76226,76227,76229,76231,76234],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,76228,276],{"class":147},[48,76230,151],{"class":62},[48,76232,76233],{"class":137},"part",[48,76235,162],{"class":62},[20,76237,168],{},[39,76239,76241],{"className":41,"code":76240,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76242,76243],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76244,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76246,682],{"class":62},[48,76248,311],{"class":66},[48,76250,2059],{"class":70},[48,76252,311],{"class":66},[48,76254,87],{"class":62},[48,76256,320],{"class":66},[48,76258,2265],{"class":70},[48,76260,311],{"class":66},[48,76262,87],{"class":62},[48,76264,320],{"class":66},[48,76266,2324],{"class":70},[48,76268,311],{"class":66},[48,76270,1465],{"class":62},[20,76272,13792],{},[209,76274,76275,76278,76281,76287,76293],{},[212,76276,76277],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[212,76279,76280],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[212,76282,76283,76284],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76285,76286],{},"list[start:stop]",[212,76288,76289,76290,76292],{},"The item at ",[15,76291,75977],{}," is not included",[212,76294,76295],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76297,76298,76299,134],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[348,76300,76301],{"href":51526},"beginner guide to Python lists",[34,76303,76305],{"id":76304},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76307,76308],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[39,76310,76311],{"className":41,"code":75987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,76312,76313],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76314,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76316,9106],{"class":54},[48,76318,682],{"class":62},[48,76320,36611],{"class":54},[48,76322,76],{"class":62},[48,76324,75977],{"class":54},[48,76326,76],{"class":62},[48,76328,75980],{"class":54},[48,76330,1465],{"class":62},[20,76332,65596],{},[209,76334,76335,76340,76345],{},[212,76336,76337,76339],{},[15,76338,36611],{}," is where slicing begins",[212,76341,76342,76344],{},[15,76343,75977],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[212,76346,76347,76349],{},[15,76348,75980],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76351,76352],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[209,76354,76355,76361,76366],{},[212,76356,76357,76358,76360],{},"Missing ",[15,76359,36611],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[212,76362,76357,76363,76365],{},[15,76364,75977],{}," means go to the end of the list",[212,76367,76357,76368,76370,76371],{},[15,76369,75980],{}," means use ",[15,76372,3770],{},[20,76374,226],{},[39,76376,76378],{"className":41,"code":76377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76379,76380,76408,76412,76433,76450,76468],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76381,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76383,2232],{"class":54},[48,76385,59],{"class":58},[48,76387,4404],{"class":62},[48,76389,3114],{"class":99},[48,76391,87],{"class":62},[48,76393,2506],{"class":99},[48,76395,87],{"class":62},[48,76397,8564],{"class":99},[48,76399,87],{"class":62},[48,76401,51390],{"class":99},[48,76403,87],{"class":62},[48,76405,5859],{"class":99},[48,76407,1465],{"class":62},[48,76409,76410],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,76411,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,76413,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,76415,276],{"class":147},[48,76417,151],{"class":62},[48,76419,2411],{"class":137},[48,76421,682],{"class":62},[48,76423,3770],{"class":99},[48,76425,76],{"class":62},[48,76427,3288],{"class":99},[48,76429,21164],{"class":62},[48,76431,76432],{"class":4445},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[48,76434,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,76436,276],{"class":147},[48,76438,151],{"class":62},[48,76440,2411],{"class":137},[48,76442,76086],{"class":62},[48,76444,2848],{"class":99},[48,76446,21164],{"class":62},[48,76448,76449],{"class":4445},"    # start from the beginning\n",[48,76451,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76465],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,76453,276],{"class":147},[48,76455,151],{"class":62},[48,76457,2411],{"class":137},[48,76459,682],{"class":62},[48,76461,2842],{"class":99},[48,76463,76464],{"class":62},":])",[48,76466,76467],{"class":4445},"    # go to the end\n",[48,76469,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,76471,276],{"class":147},[48,76473,151],{"class":62},[48,76475,2411],{"class":137},[48,76477,74673],{"class":62},[48,76479,3770],{"class":99},[48,76481,21164],{"class":62},[48,76483,76484],{"class":4445},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76486,168],{},[39,76488,76490],{"className":41,"code":76489,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76491,76492,76508,76524,76540],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76493,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76495,682],{"class":62},[48,76497,16483],{"class":99},[48,76499,87],{"class":62},[48,76501,8564],{"class":99},[48,76503,87],{"class":62},[48,76505,51390],{"class":99},[48,76507,1465],{"class":62},[48,76509,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,76511,682],{"class":62},[48,76513,3114],{"class":99},[48,76515,87],{"class":62},[48,76517,2506],{"class":99},[48,76519,87],{"class":62},[48,76521,8564],{"class":99},[48,76523,1465],{"class":62},[48,76525,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,76527,682],{"class":62},[48,76529,37381],{"class":99},[48,76531,87],{"class":62},[48,76533,51390],{"class":99},[48,76535,87],{"class":62},[48,76537,5859],{"class":99},[48,76539,1465],{"class":62},[48,76541,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,76543,682],{"class":62},[48,76545,3114],{"class":99},[48,76547,87],{"class":62},[48,76549,2506],{"class":99},[48,76551,87],{"class":62},[48,76553,8564],{"class":99},[48,76555,87],{"class":62},[48,76557,51390],{"class":99},[48,76559,87],{"class":62},[48,76561,5859],{"class":99},[48,76563,1465],{"class":62},[34,76565,76567],{"id":76566},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76569,76570],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[209,76572,76573,76582,76591,76602,76608],{},[212,76574,76575,76578,76579,6741],{},[15,76576,76577],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76580,76581],{},"n",[212,76583,76584,76587,76588,76590],{},[15,76585,76586],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76589,76581],{}," to the end",[212,76592,76593,76596,76597,76599,76600],{},[15,76594,76595],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76598,348],{}," up to ",[15,76601,2059],{},[212,76603,76604,76607],{},[15,76605,76606],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[212,76609,76610,76613],{},[15,76611,76612],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76615,226],{},[39,76617,76619],{"className":41,"code":76618,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76620,76621,76654,76658,76675,76692,76713,76730],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76622,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76652],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76624,2232],{"class":54},[48,76626,59],{"class":58},[48,76628,4404],{"class":62},[48,76630,3114],{"class":99},[48,76632,87],{"class":62},[48,76634,2506],{"class":99},[48,76636,87],{"class":62},[48,76638,8564],{"class":99},[48,76640,87],{"class":62},[48,76642,51390],{"class":99},[48,76644,87],{"class":62},[48,76646,5859],{"class":99},[48,76648,87],{"class":62},[48,76650,76651],{"class":99}," 60",[48,76653,1465],{"class":62},[48,76655,76656],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,76657,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,76659,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,76661,276],{"class":147},[48,76663,151],{"class":62},[48,76665,2411],{"class":137},[48,76667,76086],{"class":62},[48,76669,2848],{"class":99},[48,76671,21164],{"class":62},[48,76673,76674],{"class":4445},"    # first 3 items\n",[48,76676,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,76678,276],{"class":147},[48,76680,151],{"class":62},[48,76682,2411],{"class":137},[48,76684,682],{"class":62},[48,76686,2848],{"class":99},[48,76688,76464],{"class":62},[48,76690,76691],{"class":4445},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[48,76693,76694,76696,76698,76700,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,76695,276],{"class":147},[48,76697,151],{"class":62},[48,76699,2411],{"class":137},[48,76701,682],{"class":62},[48,76703,3770],{"class":99},[48,76705,76],{"class":62},[48,76707,2921],{"class":99},[48,76709,21164],{"class":62},[48,76711,76712],{"class":4445},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[48,76714,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,76716,276],{"class":147},[48,76718,151],{"class":62},[48,76720,2411],{"class":137},[48,76722,74673],{"class":62},[48,76724,2842],{"class":99},[48,76726,21164],{"class":62},[48,76728,76729],{"class":4445},"   # every second item\n",[48,76731,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,76733,276],{"class":147},[48,76735,151],{"class":62},[48,76737,2411],{"class":137},[48,76739,74673],{"class":62},[48,76741,2807],{"class":58},[48,76743,3770],{"class":99},[48,76745,21164],{"class":62},[48,76747,76748],{"class":4445},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76750,168],{},[39,76752,76754],{"className":41,"code":76753,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76755,76756,76772,76788,76808,76824],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76757,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76759,682],{"class":62},[48,76761,3114],{"class":99},[48,76763,87],{"class":62},[48,76765,2506],{"class":99},[48,76767,87],{"class":62},[48,76769,8564],{"class":99},[48,76771,1465],{"class":62},[48,76773,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,76775,682],{"class":62},[48,76777,57241],{"class":99},[48,76779,87],{"class":62},[48,76781,5859],{"class":99},[48,76783,87],{"class":62},[48,76785,76651],{"class":99},[48,76787,1465],{"class":62},[48,76789,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,76791,682],{"class":62},[48,76793,16483],{"class":99},[48,76795,87],{"class":62},[48,76797,8564],{"class":99},[48,76799,87],{"class":62},[48,76801,51390],{"class":99},[48,76803,87],{"class":62},[48,76805,5859],{"class":99},[48,76807,1465],{"class":62},[48,76809,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,76811,682],{"class":62},[48,76813,3114],{"class":99},[48,76815,87],{"class":62},[48,76817,8564],{"class":99},[48,76819,87],{"class":62},[48,76821,5859],{"class":99},[48,76823,1465],{"class":62},[48,76825,76826,76828,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,76827,682],{"class":62},[48,76829,76830],{"class":99},"60",[48,76832,87],{"class":62},[48,76834,5859],{"class":99},[48,76836,87],{"class":62},[48,76838,51390],{"class":99},[48,76840,87],{"class":62},[48,76842,8564],{"class":99},[48,76844,87],{"class":62},[48,76846,2506],{"class":99},[48,76848,87],{"class":62},[48,76850,2493],{"class":99},[48,76852,1465],{"class":62},[20,76854,76855,76856,134],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[348,76857,15617],{"href":57768},[34,76859,76861],{"id":76860},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76863,76864],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76866,6249],{},[209,76868,76869,76875],{},[212,76870,76871,76874],{},[15,76872,76873],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[212,76876,76877,76880],{},[15,76878,76879],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76882,76883],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[39,76885,76887],{"className":41,"code":76886,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76888,76889,76937,76941,76960,76979],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76890,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76892,36629],{"class":54},[48,76894,59],{"class":58},[48,76896,4404],{"class":62},[48,76898,67],{"class":66},[48,76900,348],{"class":70},[48,76902,67],{"class":66},[48,76904,87],{"class":62},[48,76906,79],{"class":66},[48,76908,2059],{"class":70},[48,76910,67],{"class":66},[48,76912,87],{"class":62},[48,76914,79],{"class":66},[48,76916,2265],{"class":70},[48,76918,67],{"class":66},[48,76920,87],{"class":62},[48,76922,79],{"class":66},[48,76924,2324],{"class":70},[48,76926,67],{"class":66},[48,76928,87],{"class":62},[48,76930,79],{"class":66},[48,76932,60997],{"class":70},[48,76934,67],{"class":66},[48,76936,1465],{"class":62},[48,76938,76939],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,76940,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,76942,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,76944,276],{"class":147},[48,76946,151],{"class":62},[48,76948,36682],{"class":137},[48,76950,682],{"class":62},[48,76952,2807],{"class":58},[48,76954,3770],{"class":99},[48,76956,21164],{"class":62},[48,76958,76959],{"class":4445},"    # last item\n",[48,76961,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,76963,276],{"class":147},[48,76965,151],{"class":62},[48,76967,36682],{"class":137},[48,76969,682],{"class":62},[48,76971,2807],{"class":58},[48,76973,2848],{"class":99},[48,76975,76464],{"class":62},[48,76977,76978],{"class":4445},"   # last 3 items\n",[48,76980,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,76982,276],{"class":147},[48,76984,151],{"class":62},[48,76986,36682],{"class":137},[48,76988,76086],{"class":62},[48,76990,2807],{"class":58},[48,76992,3770],{"class":99},[48,76994,21164],{"class":62},[48,76996,76997],{"class":4445},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76999,168],{},[39,77001,77003],{"className":41,"code":77002,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,77004,77005,77010,77038],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77006,77007],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77008,77009],{"class":54},"e\n",[48,77011,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034,77036],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77013,682],{"class":62},[48,77015,311],{"class":66},[48,77017,2265],{"class":70},[48,77019,311],{"class":66},[48,77021,87],{"class":62},[48,77023,320],{"class":66},[48,77025,2324],{"class":70},[48,77027,311],{"class":66},[48,77029,87],{"class":62},[48,77031,320],{"class":66},[48,77033,60997],{"class":70},[48,77035,311],{"class":66},[48,77037,1465],{"class":62},[48,77039,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,77041,682],{"class":62},[48,77043,311],{"class":66},[48,77045,348],{"class":70},[48,77047,311],{"class":66},[48,77049,87],{"class":62},[48,77051,320],{"class":66},[48,77053,2059],{"class":70},[48,77055,311],{"class":66},[48,77057,87],{"class":62},[48,77059,320],{"class":66},[48,77061,2265],{"class":70},[48,77063,311],{"class":66},[48,77065,87],{"class":62},[48,77067,320],{"class":66},[48,77069,2324],{"class":70},[48,77071,311],{"class":66},[48,77073,1465],{"class":62},[20,77075,13792],{},[209,77077,77078,77081,77085,77091,77097],{},[212,77079,77080],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[212,77082,77083,76874],{},[15,77084,76873],{},[212,77086,77087,77090],{},[15,77088,77089],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[212,77092,77093,77096],{},[15,77094,77095],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[212,77098,77099,77100,5174,77102],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,77101,36611],{},[15,77103,75977],{},[34,77105,77107],{"id":77106},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,77109,22,77110,77112],{},[15,77111,75980],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[209,77114,77115,77118,77121,77126,77136],{},[212,77116,77117],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[212,77119,77120],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[212,77122,77123,77125],{},[15,77124,76612],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[212,77127,9642,77128,77130,77131,77133,77134],{},[15,77129,75980],{}," is negative, ",[15,77132,36611],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,77135,75977],{},[212,77137,77138,77140,77141],{},[15,77139,75980],{}," cannot be ",[15,77142,2904],{},[20,77144,77145],{},"Example with different step values:",[39,77147,77149],{"className":41,"code":77148,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,77150,77151,77183,77187,77204,77226,77245],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77152,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77154,2232],{"class":54},[48,77156,59],{"class":58},[48,77158,4404],{"class":62},[48,77160,3114],{"class":99},[48,77162,87],{"class":62},[48,77164,2506],{"class":99},[48,77166,87],{"class":62},[48,77168,8564],{"class":99},[48,77170,87],{"class":62},[48,77172,51390],{"class":99},[48,77174,87],{"class":62},[48,77176,5859],{"class":99},[48,77178,87],{"class":62},[48,77180,76651],{"class":99},[48,77182,1465],{"class":62},[48,77184,77185],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77186,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,77188,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,77190,276],{"class":147},[48,77192,151],{"class":62},[48,77194,2411],{"class":137},[48,77196,74673],{"class":62},[48,77198,2842],{"class":99},[48,77200,21164],{"class":62},[48,77202,77203],{"class":4445},"     # every second item\n",[48,77205,77206,77208,77210,77212,77214,77216,77219,77221,77223],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,77207,276],{"class":147},[48,77209,151],{"class":62},[48,77211,2411],{"class":137},[48,77213,682],{"class":62},[48,77215,3770],{"class":99},[48,77217,77218],{"class":62},"::",[48,77220,2842],{"class":99},[48,77222,21164],{"class":62},[48,77224,77225],{"class":4445},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[48,77227,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,77229,276],{"class":147},[48,77231,151],{"class":62},[48,77233,2411],{"class":137},[48,77235,74673],{"class":62},[48,77237,2807],{"class":58},[48,77239,3770],{"class":99},[48,77241,21164],{"class":62},[48,77243,77244],{"class":4445},"    # reverse the list\n",[48,77246,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,77248,276],{"class":147},[48,77250,151],{"class":62},[48,77252,2411],{"class":137},[48,77254,682],{"class":62},[48,77256,3288],{"class":99},[48,77258,76],{"class":62},[48,77260,3770],{"class":99},[48,77262,76],{"class":62},[48,77264,2807],{"class":58},[48,77266,3770],{"class":99},[48,77268,21164],{"class":62},[48,77270,77271],{"class":4445},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,77273,168],{},[39,77275,77277],{"className":41,"code":77276,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77278,77279,77295,77311,77339],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77280,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77282,682],{"class":62},[48,77284,3114],{"class":99},[48,77286,87],{"class":62},[48,77288,8564],{"class":99},[48,77290,87],{"class":62},[48,77292,5859],{"class":99},[48,77294,1465],{"class":62},[48,77296,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305,77307,77309],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77298,682],{"class":62},[48,77300,16483],{"class":99},[48,77302,87],{"class":62},[48,77304,51390],{"class":99},[48,77306,87],{"class":62},[48,77308,76651],{"class":99},[48,77310,1465],{"class":62},[48,77312,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335,77337],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,77314,682],{"class":62},[48,77316,76830],{"class":99},[48,77318,87],{"class":62},[48,77320,5859],{"class":99},[48,77322,87],{"class":62},[48,77324,51390],{"class":99},[48,77326,87],{"class":62},[48,77328,8564],{"class":99},[48,77330,87],{"class":62},[48,77332,2506],{"class":99},[48,77334,87],{"class":62},[48,77336,2493],{"class":99},[48,77338,1465],{"class":62},[48,77340,77341,77343,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,77342,682],{"class":62},[48,77344,77345],{"class":99},"50",[48,77347,87],{"class":62},[48,77349,51390],{"class":99},[48,77351,87],{"class":62},[48,77353,8564],{"class":99},[48,77355,1465],{"class":62},[20,77357,77358,77359,134],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[348,77360,77361],{"href":75357},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1752,77363,77365],{"id":77364},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77367,3618],{},[39,77369,77371],{"className":41,"code":77370,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77372,77373,77393],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77374,77375,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77376,2232],{"class":54},[48,77378,59],{"class":58},[48,77380,4404],{"class":62},[48,77382,3770],{"class":99},[48,77384,87],{"class":62},[48,77386,632],{"class":99},[48,77388,87],{"class":62},[48,77390,800],{"class":99},[48,77392,1465],{"class":62},[48,77394,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77396,276],{"class":147},[48,77398,151],{"class":62},[48,77400,2411],{"class":137},[48,77402,74673],{"class":62},[48,77404,2904],{"class":99},[48,77406,4670],{"class":62},[20,77408,77409,77410,77412,77413,77415],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77411,41246],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77414,2904],{}," does not make sense.",[34,77417,77419],{"id":77418},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77421,77422],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1752,77424,77426],{"id":77425},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[39,77428,77430],{"className":41,"code":77429,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77431,77432,77456,77460],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77433,77434,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448,77450,77452,77454],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77435,2232],{"class":54},[48,77437,59],{"class":58},[48,77439,4404],{"class":62},[48,77441,3114],{"class":99},[48,77443,87],{"class":62},[48,77445,2506],{"class":99},[48,77447,87],{"class":62},[48,77449,8564],{"class":99},[48,77451,87],{"class":62},[48,77453,51390],{"class":99},[48,77455,1465],{"class":62},[48,77457,77458],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77459,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,77461,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,77463,276],{"class":147},[48,77465,151],{"class":62},[48,77467,2411],{"class":137},[48,77469,682],{"class":62},[48,77471,2842],{"class":99},[48,77473,4670],{"class":62},[20,77475,168],{},[39,77477,77478],{"className":41,"code":70391,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,77479,77480],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77481,77482],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77483,70391],{"class":99},[1752,77485,77487],{"id":77486},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[39,77489,77491],{"className":41,"code":77490,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77492,77493,77517,77521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77494,77495,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509,77511,77513,77515],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77496,2232],{"class":54},[48,77498,59],{"class":58},[48,77500,4404],{"class":62},[48,77502,3114],{"class":99},[48,77504,87],{"class":62},[48,77506,2506],{"class":99},[48,77508,87],{"class":62},[48,77510,8564],{"class":99},[48,77512,87],{"class":62},[48,77514,51390],{"class":99},[48,77516,1465],{"class":62},[48,77518,77519],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77520,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,77522,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533,77535,77537],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,77524,276],{"class":147},[48,77526,151],{"class":62},[48,77528,2411],{"class":137},[48,77530,682],{"class":62},[48,77532,2842],{"class":99},[48,77534,76],{"class":62},[48,77536,2848],{"class":99},[48,77538,4670],{"class":62},[20,77540,168],{},[39,77542,77544],{"className":41,"code":77543,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[30]\n",[15,77545,77546],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77547,77548,77550,77552],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77549,682],{"class":62},[48,77551,37381],{"class":99},[48,77553,1465],{"class":62},[20,77555,14496],{},[209,77557,77558,77564],{},[212,77559,77560,77563],{},[15,77561,77562],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[212,77565,77566,77569],{},[15,77567,77568],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77571,77572],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[209,77574,77575,77578],{},[212,77576,77577],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[212,77579,77580],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77582,226],{},[39,77584,77586],{"className":41,"code":77585,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77587,77588,77608,77612],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77589,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77591,2232],{"class":54},[48,77593,59],{"class":58},[48,77595,4404],{"class":62},[48,77597,3114],{"class":99},[48,77599,87],{"class":62},[48,77601,2506],{"class":99},[48,77603,87],{"class":62},[48,77605,8564],{"class":99},[48,77607,1465],{"class":62},[48,77609,77610],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77611,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,77613,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626,77628],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,77615,276],{"class":147},[48,77617,151],{"class":62},[48,77619,2411],{"class":137},[48,77621,682],{"class":62},[48,77623,2921],{"class":99},[48,77625,76],{"class":62},[48,77627,3114],{"class":99},[48,77629,4670],{"class":62},[20,77631,168],{},[39,77633,77634],{"className":41,"code":38838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,77635,77636],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77637,77638],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77639,38838],{"class":62},[20,77641,77642],{},"But this would raise an error:",[39,77644,77646],{"className":41,"code":77645,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77647,77648,77668,77672],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77649,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77651,2232],{"class":54},[48,77653,59],{"class":58},[48,77655,4404],{"class":62},[48,77657,3114],{"class":99},[48,77659,87],{"class":62},[48,77661,2506],{"class":99},[48,77663,87],{"class":62},[48,77665,8564],{"class":99},[48,77667,1465],{"class":62},[48,77669,77670],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77671,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,77673,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,77675,276],{"class":147},[48,77677,151],{"class":62},[48,77679,2411],{"class":137},[48,77681,682],{"class":62},[48,77683,2921],{"class":99},[48,77685,4670],{"class":62},[20,77687,77688,77689,134],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[348,77690,69810],{"href":69809},[34,77692,15905],{"id":77693},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77695,77696],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[209,77698,77699,77703,77705,77708,77714],{},[212,77700,5486,77701,76292],{},[15,77702,75977],{},[212,77704,61242],{},[212,77706,77707],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[212,77709,37744,77710,9471,77712],{},[15,77711,76612],{},[15,77713,74077],{},[212,77715,77716,77717,77719],{},"Using step ",[15,77718,2904],{},", which causes an error",[1752,77721,77723],{"id":77722},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[39,77725,77727],{"className":41,"code":77726,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77728,77729,77757],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77730,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77732,2232],{"class":54},[48,77734,59],{"class":58},[48,77736,4404],{"class":62},[48,77738,3114],{"class":99},[48,77740,87],{"class":62},[48,77742,2506],{"class":99},[48,77744,87],{"class":62},[48,77746,8564],{"class":99},[48,77748,87],{"class":62},[48,77750,51390],{"class":99},[48,77752,87],{"class":62},[48,77754,5859],{"class":99},[48,77756,1465],{"class":62},[48,77758,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77760,276],{"class":147},[48,77762,151],{"class":62},[48,77764,2411],{"class":137},[48,77766,682],{"class":62},[48,77768,3770],{"class":99},[48,77770,76],{"class":62},[48,77772,3288],{"class":99},[48,77774,4670],{"class":62},[20,77776,77777],{},"This returns:",[39,77779,77781],{"className":41,"code":77780,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77782,77783],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77784,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77786,682],{"class":62},[48,77788,16483],{"class":99},[48,77790,87],{"class":62},[48,77792,8564],{"class":99},[48,77794,87],{"class":62},[48,77796,51390],{"class":99},[48,77798,1465],{"class":62},[20,77800,41448,77801,77803,77804,77806,77807,134],{},[166,77802,5413],{}," include ",[15,77805,77345],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77808,3288],{},[1752,77810,77812],{"id":77811},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77814,17372],{},[39,77816,77818],{"className":41,"code":77817,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77819,77820,77840],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77821,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77823,2232],{"class":54},[48,77825,59],{"class":58},[48,77827,4404],{"class":62},[48,77829,3114],{"class":99},[48,77831,87],{"class":62},[48,77833,2506],{"class":99},[48,77835,87],{"class":62},[48,77837,8564],{"class":99},[48,77839,1465],{"class":62},[48,77841,77842],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77843,77844],{"class":4445},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77846,77847],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[39,77849,77851],{"className":41,"code":77850,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77852,77853],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77854,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77856,276],{"class":147},[48,77858,151],{"class":62},[48,77860,2411],{"class":137},[48,77862,682],{"class":62},[48,77864,3770],{"class":99},[48,77866,76],{"class":62},[48,77868,2848],{"class":99},[48,77870,4670],{"class":62},[1752,77872,77874],{"id":77873},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77876,77877],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[39,77879,77881],{"className":41,"code":77880,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77882,77883,77907,77921,77925,77935],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77884,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77886,2232],{"class":54},[48,77888,59],{"class":58},[48,77890,4404],{"class":62},[48,77892,3114],{"class":99},[48,77894,87],{"class":62},[48,77896,2506],{"class":99},[48,77898,87],{"class":62},[48,77900,8564],{"class":99},[48,77902,87],{"class":62},[48,77904,51390],{"class":99},[48,77906,1465],{"class":62},[48,77908,77909,77911,77913,77915,77917,77919],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77910,76210],{"class":54},[48,77912,59],{"class":58},[48,77914,2292],{"class":54},[48,77916,76086],{"class":62},[48,77918,2842],{"class":99},[48,77920,1465],{"class":62},[48,77922,77923],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,77924,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,77926,77927,77929,77931,77933],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,77928,276],{"class":147},[48,77930,151],{"class":62},[48,77932,76233],{"class":137},[48,77934,162],{"class":62},[48,77936,77937,77939,77941,77943],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,77938,276],{"class":147},[48,77940,151],{"class":62},[48,77942,2411],{"class":137},[48,77944,162],{"class":62},[20,77946,168],{},[39,77948,77950],{"className":41,"code":77949,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77951,77952,77964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77953,77954,77956,77958,77960,77962],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77955,682],{"class":62},[48,77957,3114],{"class":99},[48,77959,87],{"class":62},[48,77961,2506],{"class":99},[48,77963,1465],{"class":62},[48,77965,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,77967,682],{"class":62},[48,77969,3114],{"class":99},[48,77971,87],{"class":62},[48,77973,2506],{"class":99},[48,77975,87],{"class":62},[48,77977,8564],{"class":99},[48,77979,87],{"class":62},[48,77981,51390],{"class":99},[48,77983,1465],{"class":62},[20,77985,77986],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1752,77988,77990,77991,9471,77993],{"id":77989},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77992,76612],{},[15,77994,74077],{},[39,77996,77998],{"className":41,"code":77997,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77999,78000,78020,78024,78041,78052],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78001,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78003,2232],{"class":54},[48,78005,59],{"class":58},[48,78007,4404],{"class":62},[48,78009,3114],{"class":99},[48,78011,87],{"class":62},[48,78013,2506],{"class":99},[48,78015,87],{"class":62},[48,78017,8564],{"class":99},[48,78019,1465],{"class":62},[48,78021,78022],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78023,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,78025,78026,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,78027,78028],{"class":54},"reversed_copy ",[48,78030,59],{"class":58},[48,78032,2292],{"class":54},[48,78034,74673],{"class":62},[48,78036,2807],{"class":58},[48,78038,3770],{"class":99},[48,78040,1465],{"class":62},[48,78042,78043,78045,78047,78050],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,78044,276],{"class":147},[48,78046,151],{"class":62},[48,78048,78049],{"class":137},"reversed_copy",[48,78051,162],{"class":62},[48,78053,78054,78056,78058,78060],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,78055,276],{"class":147},[48,78057,151],{"class":62},[48,78059,2411],{"class":137},[48,78061,162],{"class":62},[20,78063,168],{},[39,78065,78067],{"className":41,"code":78066,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,78068,78069,78085],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78070,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78072,682],{"class":62},[48,78074,37381],{"class":99},[48,78076,87],{"class":62},[48,78078,2506],{"class":99},[48,78080,87],{"class":62},[48,78082,2493],{"class":99},[48,78084,1465],{"class":62},[48,78086,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78088,682],{"class":62},[48,78090,3114],{"class":99},[48,78092,87],{"class":62},[48,78094,2506],{"class":99},[48,78096,87],{"class":62},[48,78098,8564],{"class":99},[48,78100,1465],{"class":62},[20,78102,78103,78106],{},[15,78104,78105],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,78108,78109,78110,78113],{},"By contrast, ",[15,78111,78112],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1752,78115,78117],{"id":78116},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,78119,78120],{},"This is not allowed:",[39,78122,78124],{"className":41,"code":78123,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,78125,78126,78146],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78127,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78129,2232],{"class":54},[48,78131,59],{"class":58},[48,78133,4404],{"class":62},[48,78135,3114],{"class":99},[48,78137,87],{"class":62},[48,78139,2506],{"class":99},[48,78141,87],{"class":62},[48,78143,8564],{"class":99},[48,78145,1465],{"class":62},[48,78147,78148],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78149,78150],{"class":4445},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,78152,78153,78154,134],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,78155,41246],{},[34,78157,78159],{"id":78158},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,78161,78162],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[209,78164,78165,78172,78178,78181,78184],{},[212,78166,37744,78167,5174,78169,78171],{},[15,78168,36611],{},[15,78170,75977],{}," positions",[212,78173,78174,78175,78177],{},"Assuming the ",[15,78176,75977],{}," index is included",[212,78179,78180],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[212,78182,78183],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[212,78185,78186],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,78188,78189],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[39,78191,78193],{"className":41,"code":78192,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,78194,78195,78205,78219,78237,78251,78268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78196,78197,78199,78201,78203],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78198,276],{"class":147},[48,78200,151],{"class":62},[48,78202,9106],{"class":137},[48,78204,162],{"class":62},[48,78206,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78208,276],{"class":147},[48,78210,151],{"class":62},[48,78212,11914],{"class":147},[48,78214,151],{"class":62},[48,78216,9106],{"class":137},[48,78218,670],{"class":62},[48,78220,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,78222,276],{"class":147},[48,78224,151],{"class":62},[48,78226,9106],{"class":137},[48,78228,682],{"class":62},[48,78230,3770],{"class":99},[48,78232,76],{"class":62},[48,78234,3288],{"class":99},[48,78236,4670],{"class":62},[48,78238,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,78240,276],{"class":147},[48,78242,151],{"class":62},[48,78244,9106],{"class":137},[48,78246,76086],{"class":62},[48,78248,2848],{"class":99},[48,78250,4670],{"class":62},[48,78252,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,78254,276],{"class":147},[48,78256,151],{"class":62},[48,78258,9106],{"class":137},[48,78260,682],{"class":62},[48,78262,2807],{"class":58},[48,78264,2848],{"class":99},[48,78266,78267],{"class":62},":])\n",[48,78269,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,78271,276],{"class":147},[48,78273,151],{"class":62},[48,78275,9106],{"class":137},[48,78277,74673],{"class":62},[48,78279,2807],{"class":58},[48,78281,3770],{"class":99},[48,78283,4670],{"class":62},[20,78285,9185,78286,78288,78289,78293],{},[15,78287,42904],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[348,78290,78292],{"href":78291},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[34,78295,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,78297,78299],{"id":78298},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78301,78302],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1752,78304,78306],{"id":78305},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78308,78309],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1752,78311,5920,78313,40502],{"id":78312},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78314,76612],{},[20,78316,78317],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1752,78319,78321,78322,2623],{"id":78320},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78323,71282],{},[20,78325,78326],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[34,78328,2679],{"id":2678},[209,78330,78331,78336,78341,78345,78349,78353],{},[212,78332,78333],{},[348,78334,78335],{"href":51526},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[212,78337,78338],{},[348,78339,78340],{"href":57702},"How to create a list in Python",[212,78342,78343],{},[348,78344,15694],{"href":57768},[212,78346,78347],{},[348,78348,75358],{"href":75357},[212,78350,78351],{},[348,78352,78292],{"href":78291},[212,78354,78355],{},[348,78356,69810],{"href":69809},[20,78358,78359,78360,78362],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78361,42904],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2711,78364,78365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":78367},[78368,78369,78370,78371,78372,78373,78376,78380,78388,78389,78397],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":76141,"depth":106,"text":76142},{"id":76304,"depth":106,"text":76305},{"id":76566,"depth":106,"text":76567},{"id":76860,"depth":106,"text":76861},{"id":77106,"depth":106,"text":77107,"children":78374},[78375],{"id":77364,"depth":113,"text":77365},{"id":77418,"depth":106,"text":77419,"children":78377},[78378,78379],{"id":77425,"depth":113,"text":77426},{"id":77486,"depth":113,"text":77487},{"id":77693,"depth":106,"text":15905,"children":78381},[78382,78383,78384,78385,78387],{"id":77722,"depth":113,"text":77723},{"id":77811,"depth":113,"text":77812},{"id":77873,"depth":113,"text":77874},{"id":77989,"depth":113,"text":78386},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":78116,"depth":113,"text":78117},{"id":78158,"depth":106,"text":78159},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":78390},[78391,78392,78393,78395],{"id":78298,"depth":113,"text":78299},{"id":78305,"depth":113,"text":78306},{"id":78312,"depth":113,"text":78394},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78320,"depth":113,"text":78396},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75964,"description":78398},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78405,"title":78406,"body":78407,"description":80476,"extension":2749,"meta":80477,"navigation":109,"path":80478,"seo":80479,"stem":80480,"__hash__":80481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78408,"toc":80442},[78409,78414,78420,78426,78428,78475,78482,78487,78491,78506,78509,78562,78564,78589,78594,78596,78628,78631,78647,78649,78710,78712,78737,78741,78746,78799,78801,78826,78831,78892,78894,78919,78922,78929,78933,78936,78997,78999,79032,79035,79096,79098,79131,79137,79210,79212,79244,79251,79256,79261,79263,79275,79278,79356,79358,79399,79402,79476,79478,79511,79516,79523,79530,79534,79543,79547,79555,79557,79624,79626,79662,79667,79678,79680,79685,79690,79692,79755,79757,79782,79789,79794,79798,79801,79841,79846,79852,79857,79859,79886,79891,79894,79941,79943,80000,80007,80012,80018,80087,80091,80094,80157,80159,80192,80197,80199,80202,80283,80285,80309,80315,80317,80322,80326,80333,80341,80345,80347,80370,80374,80376,80403,80406,80413,80416,80418,80439],[10,78410,54890,78412,18],{"id":78411},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78413,64862],{},[20,78415,78416,78419],{},[15,78417,78418],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78421,78422,78423,78425],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78424,64862],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[34,78427,37],{"id":36},[39,78429,78431],{"className":41,"code":78430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78432,78433,78453,78463],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78434,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78436,2232],{"class":54},[48,78438,59],{"class":58},[48,78440,4404],{"class":62},[48,78442,2848],{"class":99},[48,78444,87],{"class":62},[48,78446,618],{"class":99},[48,78448,87],{"class":62},[48,78450,632],{"class":99},[48,78452,1465],{"class":62},[48,78454,78455,78457,78459,78461],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78456,2411],{"class":54},[48,78458,134],{"class":62},[48,78460,35336],{"class":137},[48,78462,380],{"class":62},[48,78464,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,78466,276],{"class":147},[48,78468,151],{"class":62},[48,78470,2411],{"class":137},[48,78472,4442],{"class":62},[48,78474,55480],{"class":4445},[20,78476,189,78477,78479,78480,134],{},[15,78478,78418],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78481,4560],{},[34,78483,196,78485,199],{"id":78484},"what-listsort-does",[15,78486,78418],{},[20,78488,78489,76],{},[15,78490,78418],{},[209,78492,78493,78496,78499,78503],{},[212,78494,78495],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[212,78497,78498],{},"Changes the original list",[212,78500,12175,78501],{},[15,78502,4560],{},[212,78504,78505],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78507,78508],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[39,78510,78512],{"className":41,"code":78511,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78513,78514,78538,78548,78552],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78515,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78517,2232],{"class":54},[48,78519,59],{"class":58},[48,78521,4404],{"class":62},[48,78523,2921],{"class":99},[48,78525,87],{"class":62},[48,78527,632],{"class":99},[48,78529,87],{"class":62},[48,78531,54684],{"class":99},[48,78533,87],{"class":62},[48,78535,618],{"class":99},[48,78537,1465],{"class":62},[48,78539,78540,78542,78544,78546],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78541,2411],{"class":54},[48,78543,134],{"class":62},[48,78545,35336],{"class":137},[48,78547,380],{"class":62},[48,78549,78550],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,78551,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,78553,78554,78556,78558,78560],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,78555,276],{"class":147},[48,78557,151],{"class":62},[48,78559,2411],{"class":137},[48,78561,162],{"class":62},[20,78563,168],{},[39,78565,78567],{"className":41,"code":78566,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78568,78569],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78570,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78572,682],{"class":62},[48,78574,3770],{"class":99},[48,78576,87],{"class":62},[48,78578,632],{"class":99},[48,78580,87],{"class":62},[48,78582,5387],{"class":99},[48,78584,87],{"class":62},[48,78586,54684],{"class":99},[48,78588,1465],{"class":62},[20,78590,78591,78592,134],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[348,78593,67628],{"href":51526},[34,78595,360],{"id":359},[39,78597,78599],{"className":41,"code":78598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78600,78601],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78602,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78622,78624,78626],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78604,9106],{"class":54},[48,78606,134],{"class":62},[48,78608,35336],{"class":137},[48,78610,151],{"class":62},[48,78612,154],{"class":9941},[48,78614,59],{"class":58},[48,78616,4560],{"class":1642},[48,78618,87],{"class":62},[48,78620,78621],{"class":9941}," reverse",[48,78623,59],{"class":58},[48,78625,4456],{"class":1642},[48,78627,162],{"class":62},[20,78629,78630],{},"Main arguments:",[209,78632,78633,78638,78644],{},[212,78634,78635,78637],{},[15,78636,154],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[212,78639,78640,78643],{},[15,78641,78642],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[212,78645,78646],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78648,226],{},[39,78650,78652],{"className":41,"code":78651,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78653,78654,78678,78696,78700],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78655,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78657,2232],{"class":54},[48,78659,59],{"class":58},[48,78661,4404],{"class":62},[48,78663,3288],{"class":99},[48,78665,87],{"class":62},[48,78667,618],{"class":99},[48,78669,87],{"class":62},[48,78671,6769],{"class":99},[48,78673,87],{"class":62},[48,78675,632],{"class":99},[48,78677,1465],{"class":62},[48,78679,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78681,2411],{"class":54},[48,78683,134],{"class":62},[48,78685,35336],{"class":137},[48,78687,151],{"class":62},[48,78689,74128],{"class":9941},[48,78691,59],{"class":58},[48,78693,4385],{"class":1642},[48,78695,162],{"class":62},[48,78697,78698],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,78699,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,78701,78702,78704,78706,78708],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,78703,276],{"class":147},[48,78705,151],{"class":62},[48,78707,2411],{"class":137},[48,78709,162],{"class":62},[20,78711,168],{},[39,78713,78715],{"className":41,"code":78714,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78716,78717],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78718,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78720,682],{"class":62},[48,78722,2810],{"class":99},[48,78724,87],{"class":62},[48,78726,3241],{"class":99},[48,78728,87],{"class":62},[48,78730,632],{"class":99},[48,78732,87],{"class":62},[48,78734,618],{"class":99},[48,78736,1465],{"class":62},[34,78738,78740],{"id":78739},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78742,189,78743,78745],{},[15,78744,64862],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[39,78747,78749],{"className":41,"code":78748,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78750,78751,78775,78785,78789],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78752,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78754,2232],{"class":54},[48,78756,59],{"class":58},[48,78758,4404],{"class":62},[48,78760,3114],{"class":99},[48,78762,87],{"class":62},[48,78764,800],{"class":99},[48,78766,87],{"class":62},[48,78768,7134],{"class":99},[48,78770,87],{"class":62},[48,78772,618],{"class":99},[48,78774,1465],{"class":62},[48,78776,78777,78779,78781,78783],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78778,2411],{"class":54},[48,78780,134],{"class":62},[48,78782,35336],{"class":137},[48,78784,380],{"class":62},[48,78786,78787],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,78788,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,78790,78791,78793,78795,78797],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,78792,276],{"class":147},[48,78794,151],{"class":62},[48,78796,2411],{"class":137},[48,78798,162],{"class":62},[20,78800,168],{},[39,78802,78804],{"className":41,"code":78803,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78805,78806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78807,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78809,682],{"class":62},[48,78811,3770],{"class":99},[48,78813,87],{"class":62},[48,78815,800],{"class":99},[48,78817,87],{"class":62},[48,78819,7134],{"class":99},[48,78821,87],{"class":62},[48,78823,2493],{"class":99},[48,78825,1465],{"class":62},[20,78827,189,78828,78830],{},[15,78829,78642],{}," for descending order:",[39,78832,78834],{"className":41,"code":78833,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78835,78836,78860,78878,78882],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78837,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78839,2232],{"class":54},[48,78841,59],{"class":58},[48,78843,4404],{"class":62},[48,78845,3114],{"class":99},[48,78847,87],{"class":62},[48,78849,800],{"class":99},[48,78851,87],{"class":62},[48,78853,7134],{"class":99},[48,78855,87],{"class":62},[48,78857,618],{"class":99},[48,78859,1465],{"class":62},[48,78861,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872,78874,78876],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78863,2411],{"class":54},[48,78865,134],{"class":62},[48,78867,35336],{"class":137},[48,78869,151],{"class":62},[48,78871,74128],{"class":9941},[48,78873,59],{"class":58},[48,78875,4385],{"class":1642},[48,78877,162],{"class":62},[48,78879,78880],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,78881,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,78883,78884,78886,78888,78890],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,78885,276],{"class":147},[48,78887,151],{"class":62},[48,78889,2411],{"class":137},[48,78891,162],{"class":62},[20,78893,168],{},[39,78895,78897],{"className":41,"code":78896,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78898,78899],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78900,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78902,682],{"class":62},[48,78904,3114],{"class":99},[48,78906,87],{"class":62},[48,78908,7134],{"class":99},[48,78910,87],{"class":62},[48,78912,800],{"class":99},[48,78914,87],{"class":62},[48,78916,618],{"class":99},[48,78918,1465],{"class":62},[20,78920,78921],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78923,78924,78925,134],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[348,78926,78928],{"href":78927},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[34,78930,78932],{"id":78931},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78934,78935],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[39,78937,78939],{"className":41,"code":78938,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78940,78941,78973,78983,78987],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78942,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78944,4852],{"class":54},[48,78946,59],{"class":58},[48,78948,4404],{"class":62},[48,78950,67],{"class":66},[48,78952,1146],{"class":70},[48,78954,67],{"class":66},[48,78956,87],{"class":62},[48,78958,79],{"class":66},[48,78960,1128],{"class":70},[48,78962,67],{"class":66},[48,78964,87],{"class":62},[48,78966,79],{"class":66},[48,78968,4877],{"class":70},[48,78970,67],{"class":66},[48,78972,1465],{"class":62},[48,78974,78975,78977,78979,78981],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,78976,4894],{"class":54},[48,78978,134],{"class":62},[48,78980,35336],{"class":137},[48,78982,380],{"class":62},[48,78984,78985],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,78986,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,78988,78989,78991,78993,78995],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,78990,276],{"class":147},[48,78992,151],{"class":62},[48,78994,4894],{"class":137},[48,78996,162],{"class":62},[20,78998,168],{},[39,79000,79002],{"className":41,"code":79001,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79003,79004],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79005,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79007,682],{"class":62},[48,79009,311],{"class":66},[48,79011,1128],{"class":70},[48,79013,311],{"class":66},[48,79015,87],{"class":62},[48,79017,320],{"class":66},[48,79019,1146],{"class":70},[48,79021,311],{"class":66},[48,79023,87],{"class":62},[48,79025,320],{"class":66},[48,79027,4877],{"class":70},[48,79029,311],{"class":66},[48,79031,1465],{"class":62},[20,79033,79034],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[39,79036,79038],{"className":41,"code":79037,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79039,79040,79072,79082,79086],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79041,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79043,4852],{"class":54},[48,79045,59],{"class":58},[48,79047,4404],{"class":62},[48,79049,67],{"class":66},[48,79051,1146],{"class":70},[48,79053,67],{"class":66},[48,79055,87],{"class":62},[48,79057,79],{"class":66},[48,79059,58317],{"class":70},[48,79061,67],{"class":66},[48,79063,87],{"class":62},[48,79065,79],{"class":66},[48,79067,4877],{"class":70},[48,79069,67],{"class":66},[48,79071,1465],{"class":62},[48,79073,79074,79076,79078,79080],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79075,4894],{"class":54},[48,79077,134],{"class":62},[48,79079,35336],{"class":137},[48,79081,380],{"class":62},[48,79083,79084],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,79085,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,79087,79088,79090,79092,79094],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,79089,276],{"class":147},[48,79091,151],{"class":62},[48,79093,4894],{"class":137},[48,79095,162],{"class":62},[20,79097,168],{},[39,79099,79101],{"className":41,"code":79100,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79102,79103],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79104,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79106,682],{"class":62},[48,79108,311],{"class":66},[48,79110,58317],{"class":70},[48,79112,311],{"class":66},[48,79114,87],{"class":62},[48,79116,320],{"class":66},[48,79118,1146],{"class":70},[48,79120,311],{"class":66},[48,79122,87],{"class":62},[48,79124,320],{"class":66},[48,79126,4877],{"class":70},[48,79128,311],{"class":66},[48,79130,1465],{"class":62},[20,79132,79133,79134,76],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,79135,79136],{},"key=str.lower",[39,79138,79140],{"className":41,"code":79139,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79141,79142,79174,79196,79200],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79143,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79145,4852],{"class":54},[48,79147,59],{"class":58},[48,79149,4404],{"class":62},[48,79151,67],{"class":66},[48,79153,1146],{"class":70},[48,79155,67],{"class":66},[48,79157,87],{"class":62},[48,79159,79],{"class":66},[48,79161,58317],{"class":70},[48,79163,67],{"class":66},[48,79165,87],{"class":62},[48,79167,79],{"class":66},[48,79169,4877],{"class":70},[48,79171,67],{"class":66},[48,79173,1465],{"class":62},[48,79175,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79177,4894],{"class":54},[48,79179,134],{"class":62},[48,79181,35336],{"class":137},[48,79183,151],{"class":62},[48,79185,154],{"class":9941},[48,79187,59],{"class":58},[48,79189,4223],{"class":281},[48,79191,134],{"class":62},[48,79193,9407],{"class":25281},[48,79195,162],{"class":62},[48,79197,79198],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,79199,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,79201,79202,79204,79206,79208],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,79203,276],{"class":147},[48,79205,151],{"class":62},[48,79207,4894],{"class":137},[48,79209,162],{"class":62},[20,79211,168],{},[39,79213,79214],{"className":41,"code":79100,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,79215,79216],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79217,79218,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79219,682],{"class":62},[48,79221,311],{"class":66},[48,79223,58317],{"class":70},[48,79225,311],{"class":66},[48,79227,87],{"class":62},[48,79229,320],{"class":66},[48,79231,1146],{"class":70},[48,79233,311],{"class":66},[48,79235,87],{"class":62},[48,79237,320],{"class":66},[48,79239,4877],{"class":70},[48,79241,311],{"class":66},[48,79243,1465],{"class":62},[20,79245,79246,79247,79250],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79248,79249],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[34,79252,37152,79254,37155],{"id":79253},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79255,154],{},[20,79257,22,79258,79260],{},[15,79259,154],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,79262,8112],{},[209,79264,79265,79270],{},[212,79266,79267,79269],{},[15,79268,11914],{}," to sort by length",[212,79271,79272,79274],{},[15,79273,79249],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79276,79277],{},"Sort words by length:",[39,79279,79281],{"className":41,"code":79280,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79282,79283,79324,79342,79346],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79284,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79286,4852],{"class":54},[48,79288,59],{"class":58},[48,79290,4404],{"class":62},[48,79292,67],{"class":66},[48,79294,79295],{"class":70},"pear",[48,79297,67],{"class":66},[48,79299,87],{"class":62},[48,79301,79],{"class":66},[48,79303,1146],{"class":70},[48,79305,67],{"class":66},[48,79307,87],{"class":62},[48,79309,79],{"class":66},[48,79311,38899],{"class":70},[48,79313,67],{"class":66},[48,79315,87],{"class":62},[48,79317,79],{"class":66},[48,79319,1128],{"class":70},[48,79321,67],{"class":66},[48,79323,1465],{"class":62},[48,79325,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79327,4894],{"class":54},[48,79329,134],{"class":62},[48,79331,35336],{"class":137},[48,79333,151],{"class":62},[48,79335,154],{"class":9941},[48,79337,59],{"class":58},[48,79339,11914],{"class":147},[48,79341,162],{"class":62},[48,79343,79344],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,79345,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,79347,79348,79350,79352,79354],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,79349,276],{"class":147},[48,79351,151],{"class":62},[48,79353,4894],{"class":137},[48,79355,162],{"class":62},[20,79357,168],{},[39,79359,79361],{"className":41,"code":79360,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79362,79363],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79364,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79366,682],{"class":62},[48,79368,311],{"class":66},[48,79370,38899],{"class":70},[48,79372,311],{"class":66},[48,79374,87],{"class":62},[48,79376,320],{"class":66},[48,79378,79295],{"class":70},[48,79380,311],{"class":66},[48,79382,87],{"class":62},[48,79384,320],{"class":66},[48,79386,1128],{"class":70},[48,79388,311],{"class":66},[48,79390,87],{"class":62},[48,79392,320],{"class":66},[48,79394,1146],{"class":70},[48,79396,311],{"class":66},[48,79398,1465],{"class":62},[20,79400,79401],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[39,79403,79405],{"className":41,"code":79404,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79406,79407,79440,79462,79466],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79408,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79436,79438],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79410,4852],{"class":54},[48,79412,59],{"class":58},[48,79414,4404],{"class":62},[48,79416,67],{"class":66},[48,79418,431],{"class":70},[48,79420,67],{"class":66},[48,79422,87],{"class":62},[48,79424,79],{"class":66},[48,79426,18526],{"class":70},[48,79428,67],{"class":66},[48,79430,87],{"class":62},[48,79432,79],{"class":66},[48,79434,79435],{"class":70},"Carol",[48,79437,67],{"class":66},[48,79439,1465],{"class":62},[48,79441,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79443,4894],{"class":54},[48,79445,134],{"class":62},[48,79447,35336],{"class":137},[48,79449,151],{"class":62},[48,79451,154],{"class":9941},[48,79453,59],{"class":58},[48,79455,4223],{"class":281},[48,79457,134],{"class":62},[48,79459,9407],{"class":25281},[48,79461,162],{"class":62},[48,79463,79464],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,79465,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,79467,79468,79470,79472,79474],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,79469,276],{"class":147},[48,79471,151],{"class":62},[48,79473,4894],{"class":137},[48,79475,162],{"class":62},[20,79477,168],{},[39,79479,79481],{"className":41,"code":79480,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79482,79483],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79484,79485,79487,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79486,682],{"class":62},[48,79488,311],{"class":66},[48,79490,18526],{"class":70},[48,79492,311],{"class":66},[48,79494,87],{"class":62},[48,79496,320],{"class":66},[48,79498,431],{"class":70},[48,79500,311],{"class":66},[48,79502,87],{"class":62},[48,79504,320],{"class":66},[48,79506,79435],{"class":70},[48,79508,311],{"class":66},[48,79510,1465],{"class":62},[20,79512,22,79513,79515],{},[15,79514,154],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[34,79517,79519,1306,79521],{"id":79518},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79520,78418],{},[15,79522,74975],{},[20,79524,79525,5174,79527,79529],{},[15,79526,78418],{},[15,79528,74975],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79531,79532,76],{},[15,79533,78418],{},[209,79535,79536,79539],{},[212,79537,79538],{},"Changes the existing list",[212,79540,12175,79541],{},[15,79542,4560],{},[20,79544,79545,76],{},[15,79546,74975],{},[209,79548,79549,79552],{},[212,79550,79551],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[212,79553,79554],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79556,226],{},[39,79558,79560],{"className":41,"code":79559,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79561,79562,79582,79586,79600,79604,79614],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79563,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79565,2232],{"class":54},[48,79567,59],{"class":58},[48,79569,4404],{"class":62},[48,79571,2848],{"class":99},[48,79573,87],{"class":62},[48,79575,618],{"class":99},[48,79577,87],{"class":62},[48,79579,632],{"class":99},[48,79581,1465],{"class":62},[48,79583,79584],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79585,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,79587,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,79589,56438],{"class":54},[48,79591,59],{"class":58},[48,79593,75109],{"class":147},[48,79595,151],{"class":62},[48,79597,2411],{"class":137},[48,79599,162],{"class":62},[48,79601,79602],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,79603,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,79605,79606,79608,79610,79612],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,79607,276],{"class":147},[48,79609,151],{"class":62},[48,79611,2411],{"class":137},[48,79613,162],{"class":62},[48,79615,79616,79618,79620,79622],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,79617,276],{"class":147},[48,79619,151],{"class":62},[48,79621,74832],{"class":137},[48,79623,162],{"class":62},[20,79625,168],{},[39,79627,79628],{"className":41,"code":75144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,79629,79630,79646],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79631,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79633,682],{"class":62},[48,79635,2848],{"class":99},[48,79637,87],{"class":62},[48,79639,618],{"class":99},[48,79641,87],{"class":62},[48,79643,632],{"class":99},[48,79645,1465],{"class":62},[48,79647,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658,79660],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79649,682],{"class":62},[48,79651,3770],{"class":99},[48,79653,87],{"class":62},[48,79655,632],{"class":99},[48,79657,87],{"class":62},[48,79659,800],{"class":99},[48,79661,1465],{"class":62},[20,79663,189,79664,79666],{},[15,79665,74975],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79668,79669,79670,5174,79674,134],{},"You can learn more in ",[348,79671,4356,79672,6560],{"href":75072},[15,79673,74975],{},[348,79675,79677],{"href":79676},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[34,79679,1745],{"id":1744},[20,79681,79682,79683,134],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79684,78418],{},[1752,79686,13338,79688],{"id":79687},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79689,64862],{},[20,79691,26222],{},[39,79693,79695],{"className":41,"code":79694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79696,79697,79717,79731,79735,79745],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79698,79699,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79700,2232],{"class":54},[48,79702,59],{"class":58},[48,79704,4404],{"class":62},[48,79706,2848],{"class":99},[48,79708,87],{"class":62},[48,79710,618],{"class":99},[48,79712,87],{"class":62},[48,79714,632],{"class":99},[48,79716,1465],{"class":62},[48,79718,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79720,449],{"class":54},[48,79722,59],{"class":58},[48,79724,2292],{"class":54},[48,79726,134],{"class":62},[48,79728,35336],{"class":137},[48,79730,380],{"class":62},[48,79732,79733],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,79734,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,79736,79737,79739,79741,79743],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,79738,276],{"class":147},[48,79740,151],{"class":62},[48,79742,474],{"class":137},[48,79744,162],{"class":62},[48,79746,79747,79749,79751,79753],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,79748,276],{"class":147},[48,79750,151],{"class":62},[48,79752,2411],{"class":137},[48,79754,162],{"class":62},[20,79756,168],{},[39,79758,79760],{"className":41,"code":79759,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79761,79762,79766],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79763,79764],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79765,12553],{"class":1642},[48,79767,79768,79770,79772,79774,79776,79778,79780],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79769,682],{"class":62},[48,79771,3770],{"class":99},[48,79773,87],{"class":62},[48,79775,632],{"class":99},[48,79777,87],{"class":62},[48,79779,800],{"class":99},[48,79781,1465],{"class":62},[20,79783,79784,79786,79787,134],{},[15,79785,64862],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79788,4560],{},[20,79790,79791,79792,7401],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79793,74975],{},[1752,79795,79797],{"id":79796},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79799,79800],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[39,79802,79804],{"className":41,"code":79803,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79805,79806,79831],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79807,79808,79810,79812,79814,79816,79818,79820,79823,79825,79827,79829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79809,8549],{"class":54},[48,79811,59],{"class":58},[48,79813,4404],{"class":62},[48,79815,3770],{"class":99},[48,79817,87],{"class":62},[48,79819,79],{"class":66},[48,79821,79822],{"class":70},"two",[48,79824,67],{"class":66},[48,79826,87],{"class":62},[48,79828,800],{"class":99},[48,79830,1465],{"class":62},[48,79832,79833,79835,79837,79839],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79834,138],{"class":54},[48,79836,134],{"class":62},[48,79838,35336],{"class":137},[48,79840,380],{"class":62},[20,79842,3784,79843,79845],{},[15,79844,3787],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1752,79847,5486,79849,79851],{"id":79848},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79850,64862],{}," only works on lists",[20,79853,79854,79856],{},[15,79855,64862],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79858,17372],{},[39,79860,79862],{"className":41,"code":79861,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79863,79864,79876],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79865,79866,79868,79870,79872,79874],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79867,35224],{"class":54},[48,79869,59],{"class":58},[48,79871,79],{"class":66},[48,79873,43],{"class":70},[48,79875,4138],{"class":66},[48,79877,79878,79880,79882,79884],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79879,35245],{"class":54},[48,79881,134],{"class":62},[48,79883,35336],{"class":137},[48,79885,380],{"class":62},[20,79887,79888,79889,34136],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79890,64862],{},[20,79892,79893],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[39,79895,79897],{"className":41,"code":79896,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79898,79899,79917,79927,79931],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79900,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79902,36629],{"class":54},[48,79904,59],{"class":58},[48,79906,1191],{"class":281},[48,79908,151],{"class":62},[48,79910,67],{"class":66},[48,79912,43],{"class":70},[48,79914,67],{"class":66},[48,79916,162],{"class":62},[48,79918,79919,79921,79923,79925],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,79920,36682],{"class":54},[48,79922,134],{"class":62},[48,79924,35336],{"class":137},[48,79926,380],{"class":62},[48,79928,79929],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,79930,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,79932,79933,79935,79937,79939],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,79934,276],{"class":147},[48,79936,151],{"class":62},[48,79938,36682],{"class":137},[48,79940,162],{"class":62},[20,79942,168],{},[39,79944,79946],{"className":41,"code":79945,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79947,79948],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79949,79950,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994,79996,79998],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79951,682],{"class":62},[48,79953,311],{"class":66},[48,79955,60988],{"class":70},[48,79957,311],{"class":66},[48,79959,87],{"class":62},[48,79961,320],{"class":66},[48,79963,76581],{"class":70},[48,79965,311],{"class":66},[48,79967,87],{"class":62},[48,79969,320],{"class":66},[48,79971,61023],{"class":70},[48,79973,311],{"class":66},[48,79975,87],{"class":62},[48,79977,320],{"class":66},[48,79979,20],{"class":70},[48,79981,311],{"class":66},[48,79983,87],{"class":62},[48,79985,320],{"class":66},[48,79987,63837],{"class":70},[48,79989,311],{"class":66},[48,79991,87],{"class":62},[48,79993,320],{"class":66},[48,79995,625],{"class":70},[48,79997,311],{"class":66},[48,79999,1465],{"class":62},[1752,80001,80003,80004,80006],{"id":80002},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,80005,154],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,80008,80009,80010,134],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,80011,154],{},[20,80013,80014,80015,80017],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,80016,64862],{}," will not do that:",[39,80019,80021],{"className":41,"code":80020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80022,80023,80055,80073,80077],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80024,80025,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80026,4852],{"class":54},[48,80028,59],{"class":58},[48,80030,4404],{"class":62},[48,80032,67],{"class":66},[48,80034,1146],{"class":70},[48,80036,67],{"class":66},[48,80038,87],{"class":62},[48,80040,79],{"class":66},[48,80042,38899],{"class":70},[48,80044,67],{"class":66},[48,80046,87],{"class":62},[48,80048,79],{"class":66},[48,80050,1128],{"class":70},[48,80052,67],{"class":66},[48,80054,1465],{"class":62},[48,80056,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,80058,4894],{"class":54},[48,80060,134],{"class":62},[48,80062,35336],{"class":137},[48,80064,151],{"class":62},[48,80066,154],{"class":9941},[48,80068,59],{"class":58},[48,80070,11914],{"class":147},[48,80072,162],{"class":62},[48,80074,80075],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,80076,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,80078,80079,80081,80083,80085],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,80080,276],{"class":147},[48,80082,151],{"class":62},[48,80084,4894],{"class":137},[48,80086,162],{"class":62},[1752,80088,80090],{"id":80089},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,80092,80093],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[39,80095,80097],{"className":41,"code":80096,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80098,80099,80133,80143,80147],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80100,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80129,80131],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80102,4852],{"class":54},[48,80104,59],{"class":58},[48,80106,4404],{"class":62},[48,80108,67],{"class":66},[48,80110,80111],{"class":70},"zebra",[48,80113,67],{"class":66},[48,80115,87],{"class":62},[48,80117,79],{"class":66},[48,80119,58317],{"class":70},[48,80121,67],{"class":66},[48,80123,87],{"class":62},[48,80125,79],{"class":66},[48,80127,80128],{"class":70},"monkey",[48,80130,67],{"class":66},[48,80132,1465],{"class":62},[48,80134,80135,80137,80139,80141],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,80136,4894],{"class":54},[48,80138,134],{"class":62},[48,80140,35336],{"class":137},[48,80142,380],{"class":62},[48,80144,80145],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,80146,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,80148,80149,80151,80153,80155],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,80150,276],{"class":147},[48,80152,151],{"class":62},[48,80154,4894],{"class":137},[48,80156,162],{"class":62},[20,80158,168],{},[39,80160,80162],{"className":41,"code":80161,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,80163,80164],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80165,80166,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186,80188,80190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80167,682],{"class":62},[48,80169,311],{"class":66},[48,80171,58317],{"class":70},[48,80173,311],{"class":66},[48,80175,87],{"class":62},[48,80177,320],{"class":66},[48,80179,80128],{"class":70},[48,80181,311],{"class":66},[48,80183,87],{"class":62},[48,80185,320],{"class":66},[48,80187,80111],{"class":70},[48,80189,311],{"class":66},[48,80191,1465],{"class":62},[20,80193,189,80194,80196],{},[15,80195,79136],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1752,80198,61260],{"id":61259},[20,80200,80201],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[39,80203,80205],{"className":41,"code":80204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,80206,80207,80217,80231,80245,80259],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80208,80209,80211,80213,80215],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80210,276],{"class":147},[48,80212,151],{"class":62},[48,80214,9106],{"class":137},[48,80216,162],{"class":62},[48,80218,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,80220,276],{"class":147},[48,80222,151],{"class":62},[48,80224,2094],{"class":281},[48,80226,151],{"class":62},[48,80228,9106],{"class":137},[48,80230,670],{"class":62},[48,80232,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,80234,276],{"class":147},[48,80236,151],{"class":62},[48,80238,9106],{"class":137},[48,80240,134],{"class":62},[48,80242,35336],{"class":137},[48,80244,1203],{"class":62},[48,80246,80247,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,80248,276],{"class":147},[48,80250,151],{"class":62},[48,80252,75065],{"class":147},[48,80254,151],{"class":62},[48,80256,9106],{"class":137},[48,80258,670],{"class":62},[48,80260,80261,80263,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,80262,276],{"class":147},[48,80264,3767],{"class":62},[48,80266,2094],{"class":281},[48,80268,151],{"class":62},[48,80270,1967],{"class":137},[48,80272,4442],{"class":62},[48,80274,4659],{"class":116},[48,80276,1948],{"class":137},[48,80278,128],{"class":116},[48,80280,9163],{"class":137},[48,80282,4670],{"class":62},[20,80284,11923],{},[209,80286,80287,80290,80293,80300,80306],{},[212,80288,80289],{},"What values are in the list",[212,80291,80292],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[212,80294,80295,80296,3181,80298],{},"That ",[15,80297,64862],{},[15,80299,4560],{},[212,80301,80302,80303,80305],{},"Whether ",[15,80304,74975],{}," works better for your case",[212,80307,80308],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80310,80311,80312,80314],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80313,3787],{}," problems.",[34,80316,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,80318,2606,80320,56017],{"id":80319},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80321,78418],{},[20,80323,63153,80324,134],{},[15,80325,4560],{},[1752,80327,5957,80329,5174,80331,2623],{"id":80328},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80330,64862],{},[15,80332,74975],{},[20,80334,80335,80337,80338,80340],{},[15,80336,64862],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80339,74975],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1752,80342,80344],{"id":80343},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80346,19416],{},[39,80348,80350],{"className":41,"code":80349,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80351,80352],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80353,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364,80366,80368],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80355,9106],{"class":54},[48,80357,134],{"class":62},[48,80359,35336],{"class":137},[48,80361,151],{"class":62},[48,80363,74128],{"class":9941},[48,80365,59],{"class":58},[48,80367,4385],{"class":1642},[48,80369,162],{"class":62},[1752,80371,80373],{"id":80372},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80375,19416],{},[39,80377,80379],{"className":41,"code":80378,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80380,80381],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80382,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80384,9106],{"class":54},[48,80386,134],{"class":62},[48,80388,35336],{"class":137},[48,80390,151],{"class":62},[48,80392,154],{"class":9941},[48,80394,59],{"class":58},[48,80396,4223],{"class":281},[48,80398,134],{"class":62},[48,80400,9407],{"class":25281},[48,80402,162],{"class":62},[20,80404,80405],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1752,80407,80409,80410,80412],{"id":80408},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80411,3787],{}," when sorting?",[20,80414,80415],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[34,80417,2679],{"id":2678},[209,80419,80420,80425,80431,80435],{},[212,80421,80422],{},[348,80423,80424],{"href":78927},"How to sort a list in Python",[212,80426,80427],{},[348,80428,4356,80429,6560],{"href":75072},[15,80430,74975],{},[212,80432,80433],{},[348,80434,67628],{"href":51526},[212,80436,80437],{},[348,80438,79677],{"href":79676},[2711,80440,80441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":80443},[80444,80445,80447,80448,80449,80450,80452,80454,80465,80475],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":78484,"depth":106,"text":80446},"What list.sort() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":78739,"depth":106,"text":78740},{"id":78931,"depth":106,"text":78932},{"id":79253,"depth":106,"text":80451},"Using the key argument",{"id":79518,"depth":106,"text":80453},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":80455},[80456,80458,80459,80461,80463,80464],{"id":79687,"depth":113,"text":80457},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79796,"depth":113,"text":79797},{"id":79848,"depth":113,"text":80460},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":80002,"depth":113,"text":80462},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":80089,"depth":113,"text":80090},{"id":61259,"depth":113,"text":61260},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":80466},[80467,80469,80471,80472,80473],{"id":80319,"depth":113,"text":80468},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80328,"depth":113,"text":80470},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80343,"depth":113,"text":80344},{"id":80372,"depth":113,"text":80373},{"id":80408,"depth":113,"text":80474},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78406,"description":80476},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80483,"title":80484,"body":80485,"description":83116,"extension":2749,"meta":83117,"navigation":109,"path":83118,"seo":83119,"stem":83120,"__hash__":83121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80486,"toc":83075},[80487,80492,80497,80500,80511,80514,80534,80536,80598,80600,80641,80650,80655,80660,80666,80677,80679,80698,80701,80706,80711,80713,80718,80732,80734,80752,80755,80772,80775,80781,80804,80809,80811,80814,80875,80877,80910,80912,80951,80959,80969,80975,80980,81073,81075,81099,81101,81119,81122,81153,81159,81164,81167,81169,81294,81296,81320,81322,81341,81347,81353,81472,81474,81491,81498,81504,81509,81516,81522,81524,81581,81584,81605,81608,81611,81672,81674,81707,81711,81781,81783,81800,81804,81807,81882,81884,81921,81924,81927,81998,82000,82061,82066,82071,82074,82088,82090,82163,82165,82185,82188,82191,82248,82310,82313,82345,82348,82363,82368,82370,82376,82379,82435,82438,82440,82459,82463,82465,82509,82518,82520,82580,82584,82587,82589,82682,82684,82799,82803,82805,82879,82882,82885,82887,82892,82957,82959,82983,82993,82995,83001,83010,83019,83028,83034,83037,83041,83044,83046,83072],[10,80488,4356,80490,4360],{"id":80489},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80491,40258],{},[20,80493,4363,80494,80496],{},[15,80495,40258],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80498,80499],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[209,80501,80502,80505,80508],{},[212,80503,80504],{},"converting numbers to strings",[212,80506,80507],{},"changing strings to integers",[212,80509,80510],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80512,80513],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[209,80515,80516,80523,80529],{},[212,80517,80518,14784,80520,80522],{},[15,80519,40258],{},[166,80521,5413],{}," return a list in Python 3",[212,80524,80525,80526],{},"it returns a ",[166,80527,80528],{},"map object",[212,80530,80531,80532],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80533,25312],{},[34,80535,37],{"id":36},[39,80537,80539],{"className":41,"code":80538,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80540,80541,80565,80584],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80542,80543,80545,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559,80561,80563],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80544,2232],{"class":54},[48,80546,59],{"class":58},[48,80548,4404],{"class":62},[48,80550,3770],{"class":99},[48,80552,87],{"class":62},[48,80554,632],{"class":99},[48,80556,87],{"class":62},[48,80558,800],{"class":99},[48,80560,87],{"class":62},[48,80562,3241],{"class":99},[48,80564,1465],{"class":62},[48,80566,80567,80569,80571,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,80568,449],{"class":54},[48,80570,59],{"class":58},[48,80572,80573],{"class":147}," map",[48,80575,151],{"class":62},[48,80577,4223],{"class":281},[48,80579,87],{"class":62},[48,80581,2292],{"class":137},[48,80583,162],{"class":62},[48,80585,80586,80588,80590,80592,80594,80596],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,80587,276],{"class":147},[48,80589,151],{"class":62},[48,80591,282],{"class":281},[48,80593,151],{"class":62},[48,80595,474],{"class":137},[48,80597,670],{"class":62},[20,80599,168],{},[39,80601,80603],{"className":41,"code":80602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80604,80605],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80606,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80608,682],{"class":62},[48,80610,311],{"class":66},[48,80612,3770],{"class":70},[48,80614,311],{"class":66},[48,80616,87],{"class":62},[48,80618,320],{"class":66},[48,80620,2842],{"class":70},[48,80622,311],{"class":66},[48,80624,87],{"class":62},[48,80626,320],{"class":66},[48,80628,2848],{"class":70},[48,80630,311],{"class":66},[48,80632,87],{"class":62},[48,80634,320],{"class":66},[48,80636,3288],{"class":70},[48,80638,311],{"class":66},[48,80640,1465],{"class":62},[20,80642,189,80643,80646,80647,80649],{},[15,80644,80645],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80648,25312],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[34,80651,196,80653,199],{"id":80652},"what-map-does",[15,80654,40258],{},[20,80656,80657,80659],{},[15,80658,40258],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80661,80662,80663,80665],{},"An ",[166,80664,4502],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[209,80667,80668,80670,80672,80674],{},[212,80669,38442],{},[212,80671,38445],{},[212,80673,38448],{},[212,80675,80676],{},"a range object",[20,80678,31259],{},[39,80680,80682],{"className":41,"code":80681,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80683,80684],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80685,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694,80696],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80687,40401],{"class":147},[48,80689,151],{"class":62},[48,80691,38401],{"class":137},[48,80693,87],{"class":62},[48,80695,38406],{"class":137},[48,80697,162],{"class":62},[20,80699,80700],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80702,80703,80704,34277],{},"Important: the result is a ",[166,80705,80528],{},[20,80707,80708,80709,134],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[348,80710,5914],{"href":5913},[34,80712,360],{"id":359},[20,80714,80715,80717],{},[15,80716,40258],{}," needs at least two parts:",[209,80719,80720,80726],{},[212,80721,80722,80725],{},[166,80723,80724],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[212,80727,80728,80731],{},[166,80729,80730],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80733,4487],{},[39,80735,80736],{"className":41,"code":80681,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,80737,80738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80739,80740,80742,80744,80746,80748,80750],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80741,40401],{"class":147},[48,80743,151],{"class":62},[48,80745,38401],{"class":137},[48,80747,87],{"class":62},[48,80749,38406],{"class":137},[48,80751,162],{"class":62},[20,80753,80754],{},"You can pass:",[209,80756,80757,80766,80769],{},[212,80758,80759,80760,2973,80762,2977,80764],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80761,4223],{},[15,80763,2972],{},[15,80765,2802],{},[212,80767,80768],{},"your own custom function",[212,80770,80771],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80773,80774],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80776,80777,80778,80780],{},"You will often see ",[15,80779,40258],{}," used like this:",[39,80782,80784],{"className":41,"code":80783,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80785,80786],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80789,282],{"class":281},[48,80791,151],{"class":62},[48,80793,40401],{"class":147},[48,80795,151],{"class":62},[48,80797,38401],{"class":137},[48,80799,87],{"class":62},[48,80801,4667],{"class":137},[48,80803,670],{"class":62},[20,80805,7447,80806,80808],{},[15,80807,25312],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[34,80810,12225],{"id":12224},[20,80812,80813],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[39,80815,80817],{"className":41,"code":80816,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80818,80819,80839,80857,80861],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80820,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80822,2232],{"class":54},[48,80824,59],{"class":58},[48,80826,4404],{"class":62},[48,80828,3114],{"class":99},[48,80830,87],{"class":62},[48,80832,2506],{"class":99},[48,80834,87],{"class":62},[48,80836,8564],{"class":99},[48,80838,1465],{"class":62},[48,80840,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,80842,449],{"class":54},[48,80844,59],{"class":58},[48,80846,80573],{"class":147},[48,80848,151],{"class":62},[48,80850,4223],{"class":281},[48,80852,87],{"class":62},[48,80854,2292],{"class":137},[48,80856,162],{"class":62},[48,80858,80859],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,80860,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,80862,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,80864,276],{"class":147},[48,80866,151],{"class":62},[48,80868,282],{"class":281},[48,80870,151],{"class":62},[48,80872,474],{"class":137},[48,80874,670],{"class":62},[20,80876,168],{},[39,80878,80880],{"className":41,"code":80879,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80881,80882],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80883,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80885,682],{"class":62},[48,80887,311],{"class":66},[48,80889,3114],{"class":70},[48,80891,311],{"class":66},[48,80893,87],{"class":62},[48,80895,320],{"class":66},[48,80897,16483],{"class":70},[48,80899,311],{"class":66},[48,80901,87],{"class":62},[48,80903,320],{"class":66},[48,80905,37381],{"class":70},[48,80907,311],{"class":66},[48,80909,1465],{"class":62},[20,80911,12431],{},[209,80913,80914,80919,80927,80935,80943],{},[212,80915,80916,80918],{},[15,80917,2411],{}," contains integers",[212,80920,80921,80924,80925],{},[15,80922,80923],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80926,48229],{},[212,80928,80929,42698,80932],{},[15,80930,80931],{},"str(10)",[15,80933,80934],{},"'10'",[212,80936,80937,42698,80940],{},[15,80938,80939],{},"str(20)",[15,80941,80942],{},"'20'",[212,80944,80945,42698,80948],{},[15,80946,80947],{},"str(30)",[15,80949,80950],{},"'30'",[20,80952,54201,80953,80955,80956,80958],{},[15,80954,40258],{}," applies ",[15,80957,48229],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80960,80961,80962,80964,80965,134],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80963,25312],{}," better, see ",[348,80966,4356,80967,4289],{"href":65398},[15,80968,25312],{},[34,80970,9185,80972,80974],{"id":80971},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80973,40258],{}," with your own function",[20,80976,16443,80977,80979],{},[15,80978,40258],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[39,80981,80983],{"className":41,"code":80982,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80984,80985,80998,81008,81012,81036,81055,81059],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80986,80987,80989,80992,80994,80996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80988,35388],{"class":915},[48,80990,80991],{"class":35391}," double",[48,80993,151],{"class":62},[48,80995,611],{"class":38203},[48,80997,9109],{"class":62},[48,80999,81000,81002,81004,81006],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81001,35399],{"class":116},[48,81003,4662],{"class":54},[48,81005,40414],{"class":58},[48,81007,46134],{"class":99},[48,81009,81010],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81011,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81013,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,81015,2232],{"class":54},[48,81017,59],{"class":58},[48,81019,4404],{"class":62},[48,81021,3770],{"class":99},[48,81023,87],{"class":62},[48,81025,632],{"class":99},[48,81027,87],{"class":62},[48,81029,800],{"class":99},[48,81031,87],{"class":62},[48,81033,3241],{"class":99},[48,81035,1465],{"class":62},[48,81037,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046,81049,81051,81053],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,81039,449],{"class":54},[48,81041,59],{"class":58},[48,81043,80573],{"class":147},[48,81045,151],{"class":62},[48,81047,81048],{"class":137},"double",[48,81050,87],{"class":62},[48,81052,2292],{"class":137},[48,81054,162],{"class":62},[48,81056,81057],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,81058,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81060,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,81062,276],{"class":147},[48,81064,151],{"class":62},[48,81066,282],{"class":281},[48,81068,151],{"class":62},[48,81070,474],{"class":137},[48,81072,670],{"class":62},[20,81074,168],{},[39,81076,81077],{"className":41,"code":40427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,81078,81079],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81080,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81082,682],{"class":62},[48,81084,2842],{"class":99},[48,81086,87],{"class":62},[48,81088,3241],{"class":99},[48,81090,87],{"class":62},[48,81092,38184],{"class":99},[48,81094,87],{"class":62},[48,81096,7134],{"class":99},[48,81098,1465],{"class":62},[20,81100,66135],{},[209,81102,81103,81110,81116],{},[212,81104,81105,81107,81108],{},[15,81106,40258],{}," takes the function ",[15,81109,81048],{},[212,81111,81112,81113,81115],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,81114,2411],{}," into that function",[212,81117,81118],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,81120,81121],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[209,81123,81124,81131,81138,81146],{},[212,81125,81126,6847,81129],{},[15,81127,81128],{},"double(1)",[15,81130,2842],{},[212,81132,81133,6847,81136],{},[15,81134,81135],{},"double(2)",[15,81137,3288],{},[212,81139,81140,6847,81143],{},[15,81141,81142],{},"double(3)",[15,81144,81145],{},"6",[212,81147,81148,6847,81151],{},[15,81149,81150],{},"double(4)",[15,81152,3129],{},[34,81154,9185,81156,81158],{"id":81155},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,81157,40258],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,81160,81161,81163],{},[15,81162,40258],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,81165,81166],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,81168,226],{},[39,81170,81172],{"className":41,"code":81171,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81173,81174,81191,81201,81205,81226,81247,81251,81276,81280],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81175,81176,81178,81181,81183,81185,81187,81189],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81177,35388],{"class":915},[48,81179,81180],{"class":35391}," add_numbers",[48,81182,151],{"class":62},[48,81184,348],{"class":38203},[48,81186,87],{"class":62},[48,81188,3343],{"class":38203},[48,81190,9109],{"class":62},[48,81192,81193,81195,81197,81199],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81194,35399],{"class":116},[48,81196,45089],{"class":54},[48,81198,2845],{"class":58},[48,81200,36721],{"class":54},[48,81202,81203],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81204,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81206,81207,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,81208,81209],{"class":54},"list1 ",[48,81211,59],{"class":58},[48,81213,4404],{"class":62},[48,81215,3770],{"class":99},[48,81217,87],{"class":62},[48,81219,632],{"class":99},[48,81221,87],{"class":62},[48,81223,800],{"class":99},[48,81225,1465],{"class":62},[48,81227,81228,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,81229,81230],{"class":54},"list2 ",[48,81232,59],{"class":58},[48,81234,4404],{"class":62},[48,81236,3114],{"class":99},[48,81238,87],{"class":62},[48,81240,2506],{"class":99},[48,81242,87],{"class":62},[48,81244,8564],{"class":99},[48,81246,1465],{"class":62},[48,81248,81249],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,81250,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81252,81253,81255,81257,81259,81261,81264,81266,81269,81271,81274],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,81254,449],{"class":54},[48,81256,59],{"class":58},[48,81258,80573],{"class":147},[48,81260,151],{"class":62},[48,81262,81263],{"class":137},"add_numbers",[48,81265,87],{"class":62},[48,81267,81268],{"class":137}," list1",[48,81270,87],{"class":62},[48,81272,81273],{"class":137}," list2",[48,81275,162],{"class":62},[48,81277,81278],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,81279,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,81283,276],{"class":147},[48,81285,151],{"class":62},[48,81287,282],{"class":281},[48,81289,151],{"class":62},[48,81291,474],{"class":137},[48,81293,670],{"class":62},[20,81295,168],{},[39,81297,81299],{"className":41,"code":81298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81300,81301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81302,81303,81305,81308,81310,81313,81315,81318],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81304,682],{"class":62},[48,81306,81307],{"class":99},"11",[48,81309,87],{"class":62},[48,81311,81312],{"class":99}," 22",[48,81314,87],{"class":62},[48,81316,81317],{"class":99}," 33",[48,81319,1465],{"class":62},[20,81321,2962],{},[209,81323,81324,81330,81336],{},[212,81325,81326,81327],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81328,81329],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[212,81331,81332,81333],{},"then ",[15,81334,81335],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[212,81337,81332,81338],{},[15,81339,81340],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1752,81342,81344,81346],{"id":81343},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81345,40258],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81348,81349,81350,81352],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81351,40258],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[39,81354,81356],{"className":41,"code":81355,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81357,81358,81374,81384,81388,81412,81428,81432,81454,81458],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81359,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81361,35388],{"class":915},[48,81363,81180],{"class":35391},[48,81365,151],{"class":62},[48,81367,348],{"class":38203},[48,81369,87],{"class":62},[48,81371,3343],{"class":38203},[48,81373,9109],{"class":62},[48,81375,81376,81378,81380,81382],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81377,35399],{"class":116},[48,81379,45089],{"class":54},[48,81381,2845],{"class":58},[48,81383,36721],{"class":54},[48,81385,81386],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81387,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81389,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,81391,81209],{"class":54},[48,81393,59],{"class":58},[48,81395,4404],{"class":62},[48,81397,3770],{"class":99},[48,81399,87],{"class":62},[48,81401,632],{"class":99},[48,81403,87],{"class":62},[48,81405,800],{"class":99},[48,81407,87],{"class":62},[48,81409,3241],{"class":99},[48,81411,1465],{"class":62},[48,81413,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,81415,81230],{"class":54},[48,81417,59],{"class":58},[48,81419,4404],{"class":62},[48,81421,3114],{"class":99},[48,81423,87],{"class":62},[48,81425,2506],{"class":99},[48,81427,1465],{"class":62},[48,81429,81430],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,81431,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81433,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,81435,449],{"class":54},[48,81437,59],{"class":58},[48,81439,80573],{"class":147},[48,81441,151],{"class":62},[48,81443,81263],{"class":137},[48,81445,87],{"class":62},[48,81447,81268],{"class":137},[48,81449,87],{"class":62},[48,81451,81273],{"class":137},[48,81453,162],{"class":62},[48,81455,81456],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,81457,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81459,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,81461,276],{"class":147},[48,81463,151],{"class":62},[48,81465,282],{"class":281},[48,81467,151],{"class":62},[48,81469,474],{"class":137},[48,81471,670],{"class":62},[20,81473,168],{},[39,81475,81477],{"className":41,"code":81476,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81478,81479],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81480,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81482,682],{"class":62},[48,81484,81307],{"class":99},[48,81486,87],{"class":62},[48,81488,81312],{"class":99},[48,81490,1465],{"class":62},[20,81492,81493,81494,81497],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81495,81496],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[34,81499,81501,81503],{"id":81500},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81502,40258],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81505,38564,81506,81508],{},[15,81507,40258],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81510,81511,81512,81515],{},"This object is ",[166,81513,81514],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1752,81517,3272,81519,81521],{"id":81518},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81520,33562],{}," looks strange",[20,81523,34178],{},[39,81525,81527],{"className":41,"code":81526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81528,81529,81549,81567,81571],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81530,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81532,2232],{"class":54},[48,81534,59],{"class":58},[48,81536,4404],{"class":62},[48,81538,3770],{"class":99},[48,81540,87],{"class":62},[48,81542,632],{"class":99},[48,81544,87],{"class":62},[48,81546,800],{"class":99},[48,81548,1465],{"class":62},[48,81550,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81552,449],{"class":54},[48,81554,59],{"class":58},[48,81556,80573],{"class":147},[48,81558,151],{"class":62},[48,81560,4223],{"class":281},[48,81562,87],{"class":62},[48,81564,2292],{"class":137},[48,81566,162],{"class":62},[48,81568,81569],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81570,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81572,81573,81575,81577,81579],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,81574,276],{"class":147},[48,81576,151],{"class":62},[48,81578,474],{"class":137},[48,81580,162],{"class":62},[20,81582,81583],{},"Output will look something like this:",[39,81585,81587],{"className":41,"code":81586,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81588,81589],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81590,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81592,2168],{"class":58},[48,81594,40401],{"class":147},[48,81596,25148],{"class":281},[48,81598,37904],{"class":54},[48,81600,37908],{"class":37907},[48,81602,37911],{"class":34989},[48,81604,2180],{"class":58},[20,81606,81607],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81609,81610],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[39,81612,81614],{"className":41,"code":81613,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81615,81616,81636,81654,81658],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81617,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81619,2232],{"class":54},[48,81621,59],{"class":58},[48,81623,4404],{"class":62},[48,81625,3770],{"class":99},[48,81627,87],{"class":62},[48,81629,632],{"class":99},[48,81631,87],{"class":62},[48,81633,800],{"class":99},[48,81635,1465],{"class":62},[48,81637,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81639,449],{"class":54},[48,81641,59],{"class":58},[48,81643,80573],{"class":147},[48,81645,151],{"class":62},[48,81647,4223],{"class":281},[48,81649,87],{"class":62},[48,81651,2292],{"class":137},[48,81653,162],{"class":62},[48,81655,81656],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81657,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81659,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,81661,276],{"class":147},[48,81663,151],{"class":62},[48,81665,282],{"class":281},[48,81667,151],{"class":62},[48,81669,474],{"class":137},[48,81671,670],{"class":62},[20,81673,168],{},[39,81675,81677],{"className":41,"code":81676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81678,81679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81680,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81682,682],{"class":62},[48,81684,311],{"class":66},[48,81686,3770],{"class":70},[48,81688,311],{"class":66},[48,81690,87],{"class":62},[48,81692,320],{"class":66},[48,81694,2842],{"class":70},[48,81696,311],{"class":66},[48,81698,87],{"class":62},[48,81700,320],{"class":66},[48,81702,2848],{"class":70},[48,81704,311],{"class":66},[48,81706,1465],{"class":62},[1752,81708,81710],{"id":81709},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[39,81712,81714],{"className":41,"code":81713,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81715,81716,81736,81754,81758,81771],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81717,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81719,2232],{"class":54},[48,81721,59],{"class":58},[48,81723,4404],{"class":62},[48,81725,3770],{"class":99},[48,81727,87],{"class":62},[48,81729,632],{"class":99},[48,81731,87],{"class":62},[48,81733,800],{"class":99},[48,81735,1465],{"class":62},[48,81737,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81739,449],{"class":54},[48,81741,59],{"class":58},[48,81743,80573],{"class":147},[48,81745,151],{"class":62},[48,81747,4223],{"class":281},[48,81749,87],{"class":62},[48,81751,2292],{"class":137},[48,81753,162],{"class":62},[48,81755,81756],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81757,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81759,81760,81762,81764,81766,81769],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,81761,117],{"class":116},[48,81763,1948],{"class":54},[48,81765,128],{"class":116},[48,81767,81768],{"class":54}," result",[48,81770,1053],{"class":62},[48,81772,81773,81775,81777,81779],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,81774,148],{"class":147},[48,81776,151],{"class":62},[48,81778,1967],{"class":137},[48,81780,162],{"class":62},[20,81782,168],{},[39,81784,81786],{"className":41,"code":81785,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81787,81788,81792,81796],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81789,81790],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81791,47462],{"class":99},[48,81793,81794],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81795,17784],{"class":99},[48,81797,81798],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81799,47162],{"class":99},[1752,81801,81803],{"id":81802},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81805,81806],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[39,81808,81810],{"className":41,"code":81809,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81811,81812,81832,81850,81854,81868],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81813,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81815,2232],{"class":54},[48,81817,59],{"class":58},[48,81819,4404],{"class":62},[48,81821,3770],{"class":99},[48,81823,87],{"class":62},[48,81825,632],{"class":99},[48,81827,87],{"class":62},[48,81829,800],{"class":99},[48,81831,1465],{"class":62},[48,81833,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81835,449],{"class":54},[48,81837,59],{"class":58},[48,81839,80573],{"class":147},[48,81841,151],{"class":62},[48,81843,4223],{"class":281},[48,81845,87],{"class":62},[48,81847,2292],{"class":137},[48,81849,162],{"class":62},[48,81851,81852],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81853,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81855,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,81857,276],{"class":147},[48,81859,151],{"class":62},[48,81861,282],{"class":281},[48,81863,151],{"class":62},[48,81865,474],{"class":137},[48,81867,670],{"class":62},[48,81869,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,81871,276],{"class":147},[48,81873,151],{"class":62},[48,81875,282],{"class":281},[48,81877,151],{"class":62},[48,81879,474],{"class":137},[48,81881,670],{"class":62},[20,81883,168],{},[39,81885,81887],{"className":41,"code":81886,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81888,81889,81917],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81892,682],{"class":62},[48,81894,311],{"class":66},[48,81896,3770],{"class":70},[48,81898,311],{"class":66},[48,81900,87],{"class":62},[48,81902,320],{"class":66},[48,81904,2842],{"class":70},[48,81906,311],{"class":66},[48,81908,87],{"class":62},[48,81910,320],{"class":66},[48,81912,2848],{"class":70},[48,81914,311],{"class":66},[48,81916,1465],{"class":62},[48,81918,81919],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81920,38838],{"class":62},[20,81922,81923],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81925,81926],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[39,81928,81930],{"className":41,"code":81929,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81931,81932,81952,81974,81978,81988],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81933,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81935,2232],{"class":54},[48,81937,59],{"class":58},[48,81939,4404],{"class":62},[48,81941,3770],{"class":99},[48,81943,87],{"class":62},[48,81945,632],{"class":99},[48,81947,87],{"class":62},[48,81949,800],{"class":99},[48,81951,1465],{"class":62},[48,81953,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,81955,449],{"class":54},[48,81957,59],{"class":58},[48,81959,1191],{"class":281},[48,81961,151],{"class":62},[48,81963,40401],{"class":147},[48,81965,151],{"class":62},[48,81967,4223],{"class":281},[48,81969,87],{"class":62},[48,81971,2292],{"class":137},[48,81973,670],{"class":62},[48,81975,81976],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,81977,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,81979,81980,81982,81984,81986],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,81981,276],{"class":147},[48,81983,151],{"class":62},[48,81985,474],{"class":137},[48,81987,162],{"class":62},[48,81989,81990,81992,81994,81996],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,81991,276],{"class":147},[48,81993,151],{"class":62},[48,81995,474],{"class":137},[48,81997,162],{"class":62},[20,81999,168],{},[39,82001,82003],{"className":41,"code":82002,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,82004,82005,82033],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82006,82007,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82008,682],{"class":62},[48,82010,311],{"class":66},[48,82012,3770],{"class":70},[48,82014,311],{"class":66},[48,82016,87],{"class":62},[48,82018,320],{"class":66},[48,82020,2842],{"class":70},[48,82022,311],{"class":66},[48,82024,87],{"class":62},[48,82026,320],{"class":66},[48,82028,2848],{"class":70},[48,82030,311],{"class":66},[48,82032,1465],{"class":62},[48,82034,82035,82037,82039,82041,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053,82055,82057,82059],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82036,682],{"class":62},[48,82038,311],{"class":66},[48,82040,3770],{"class":70},[48,82042,311],{"class":66},[48,82044,87],{"class":62},[48,82046,320],{"class":66},[48,82048,2842],{"class":70},[48,82050,311],{"class":66},[48,82052,87],{"class":62},[48,82054,320],{"class":66},[48,82056,2848],{"class":70},[48,82058,311],{"class":66},[48,82060,1465],{"class":62},[34,82062,1545,82064],{"id":82063},"when-to-use-map",[15,82065,40258],{},[20,82067,82068,82070],{},[15,82069,40258],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,82072,82073],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[209,82075,82076,82080,82084],{},[212,82077,82078],{},[15,82079,4223],{},[212,82081,82082],{},[15,82083,2972],{},[212,82085,82086],{},[15,82087,2802],{},[20,82089,226],{},[39,82091,82093],{"className":41,"code":82092,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,82094,82095,82127,82149,82153],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82096,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82098,4605],{"class":54},[48,82100,59],{"class":58},[48,82102,4404],{"class":62},[48,82104,311],{"class":66},[48,82106,3770],{"class":70},[48,82108,311],{"class":66},[48,82110,87],{"class":62},[48,82112,320],{"class":66},[48,82114,2842],{"class":70},[48,82116,311],{"class":66},[48,82118,87],{"class":62},[48,82120,320],{"class":66},[48,82122,2848],{"class":70},[48,82124,311],{"class":66},[48,82126,1465],{"class":62},[48,82128,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82130,2232],{"class":54},[48,82132,59],{"class":58},[48,82134,1191],{"class":281},[48,82136,151],{"class":62},[48,82138,40401],{"class":147},[48,82140,151],{"class":62},[48,82142,2972],{"class":281},[48,82144,87],{"class":62},[48,82146,4667],{"class":137},[48,82148,670],{"class":62},[48,82150,82151],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82152,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,82154,82155,82157,82159,82161],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,82156,276],{"class":147},[48,82158,151],{"class":62},[48,82160,2411],{"class":137},[48,82162,162],{"class":62},[20,82164,168],{},[39,82166,82167],{"className":41,"code":55698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,82168,82169],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82170,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179,82181,82183],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82172,682],{"class":62},[48,82174,3770],{"class":99},[48,82176,87],{"class":62},[48,82178,632],{"class":99},[48,82180,87],{"class":62},[48,82182,800],{"class":99},[48,82184,1465],{"class":62},[20,82186,82187],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,82189,82190],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[39,82192,82194],{"className":41,"code":82193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,82195,82196,82216,82238],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82197,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82199,2232],{"class":54},[48,82201,59],{"class":58},[48,82203,4404],{"class":62},[48,82205,3770],{"class":99},[48,82207,87],{"class":62},[48,82209,632],{"class":99},[48,82211,87],{"class":62},[48,82213,800],{"class":99},[48,82215,1465],{"class":62},[48,82217,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82230,82232,82234,82236],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82219,449],{"class":54},[48,82221,59],{"class":58},[48,82223,1191],{"class":281},[48,82225,151],{"class":62},[48,82227,40401],{"class":147},[48,82229,151],{"class":62},[48,82231,4223],{"class":281},[48,82233,87],{"class":62},[48,82235,2292],{"class":137},[48,82237,670],{"class":62},[48,82239,82240,82242,82244,82246],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82241,276],{"class":147},[48,82243,151],{"class":62},[48,82245,474],{"class":137},[48,82247,162],{"class":62},[39,82249,82251],{"className":41,"code":82250,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,82252,82253,82273,82300],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82254,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269,82271],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82256,2232],{"class":54},[48,82258,59],{"class":58},[48,82260,4404],{"class":62},[48,82262,3770],{"class":99},[48,82264,87],{"class":62},[48,82266,632],{"class":99},[48,82268,87],{"class":62},[48,82270,800],{"class":99},[48,82272,1465],{"class":62},[48,82274,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82294,82296,82298],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82276,449],{"class":54},[48,82278,59],{"class":58},[48,82280,4404],{"class":62},[48,82282,4223],{"class":281},[48,82284,151],{"class":62},[48,82286,76581],{"class":137},[48,82288,4442],{"class":62},[48,82290,4659],{"class":116},[48,82292,82293],{"class":54}," n ",[48,82295,128],{"class":116},[48,82297,2292],{"class":54},[48,82299,1465],{"class":62},[48,82301,82302,82304,82306,82308],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82303,276],{"class":147},[48,82305,151],{"class":62},[48,82307,474],{"class":137},[48,82309,162],{"class":62},[20,82311,82312],{},"Both produce:",[39,82314,82315],{"className":41,"code":81676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,82316,82317],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82318,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82320,682],{"class":62},[48,82322,311],{"class":66},[48,82324,3770],{"class":70},[48,82326,311],{"class":66},[48,82328,87],{"class":62},[48,82330,320],{"class":66},[48,82332,2842],{"class":70},[48,82334,311],{"class":66},[48,82336,87],{"class":62},[48,82338,320],{"class":66},[48,82340,2848],{"class":70},[48,82342,311],{"class":66},[48,82344,1465],{"class":62},[20,82346,82347],{},"A simple rule:",[209,82349,82350,82355,82360],{},[212,82351,40532,82352,82354],{},[15,82353,40258],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[212,82356,40538,82357,82359],{},[15,82358,117],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[212,82361,82362],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82364,82365,82366,134],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[348,82367,5173],{"href":5172},[34,82369,5300],{"id":5299},[1752,82371,82373,82374],{"id":82372},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82375,25312],{},[20,82377,82378],{},"This is very common:",[39,82380,82381],{"className":41,"code":81526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,82382,82383,82403,82421,82425],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82384,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395,82397,82399,82401],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82386,2232],{"class":54},[48,82388,59],{"class":58},[48,82390,4404],{"class":62},[48,82392,3770],{"class":99},[48,82394,87],{"class":62},[48,82396,632],{"class":99},[48,82398,87],{"class":62},[48,82400,800],{"class":99},[48,82402,1465],{"class":62},[48,82404,82405,82407,82409,82411,82413,82415,82417,82419],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82406,449],{"class":54},[48,82408,59],{"class":58},[48,82410,80573],{"class":147},[48,82412,151],{"class":62},[48,82414,4223],{"class":281},[48,82416,87],{"class":62},[48,82418,2292],{"class":137},[48,82420,162],{"class":62},[48,82422,82423],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82424,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,82426,82427,82429,82431,82433],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,82428,276],{"class":147},[48,82430,151],{"class":62},[48,82432,474],{"class":137},[48,82434,162],{"class":62},[20,82436,82437],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82439,39803],{},[39,82441,82443],{"className":41,"code":82442,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82444,82445],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82446,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82448,276],{"class":147},[48,82450,151],{"class":62},[48,82452,282],{"class":281},[48,82454,151],{"class":62},[48,82456,474],{"class":137},[48,82458,670],{"class":62},[1752,82460,82462],{"id":82461},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82464,17372],{},[39,82466,82468],{"className":41,"code":82467,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82469,82470,82490],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82471,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82473,2232],{"class":54},[48,82475,59],{"class":58},[48,82477,4404],{"class":62},[48,82479,3770],{"class":99},[48,82481,87],{"class":62},[48,82483,632],{"class":99},[48,82485,87],{"class":62},[48,82487,800],{"class":99},[48,82489,1465],{"class":62},[48,82491,82492,82494,82496,82498,82500,82502,82505,82507],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82493,449],{"class":54},[48,82495,59],{"class":58},[48,82497,80573],{"class":147},[48,82499,151],{"class":62},[48,82501,4223],{"class":281},[48,82503,82504],{"class":62},"(),",[48,82506,2292],{"class":137},[48,82508,162],{"class":62},[20,82510,82511,82512,82514,82515,82517],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82513,48229],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82516,40258],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82519,17384],{},[39,82521,82522],{"className":41,"code":81613,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,82523,82524,82544,82562,82566],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82525,82526,82528,82530,82532,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82527,2232],{"class":54},[48,82529,59],{"class":58},[48,82531,4404],{"class":62},[48,82533,3770],{"class":99},[48,82535,87],{"class":62},[48,82537,632],{"class":99},[48,82539,87],{"class":62},[48,82541,800],{"class":99},[48,82543,1465],{"class":62},[48,82545,82546,82548,82550,82552,82554,82556,82558,82560],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82547,449],{"class":54},[48,82549,59],{"class":58},[48,82551,80573],{"class":147},[48,82553,151],{"class":62},[48,82555,4223],{"class":281},[48,82557,87],{"class":62},[48,82559,2292],{"class":137},[48,82561,162],{"class":62},[48,82563,82564],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82565,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,82567,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576,82578],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,82569,276],{"class":147},[48,82571,151],{"class":62},[48,82573,282],{"class":281},[48,82575,151],{"class":62},[48,82577,474],{"class":137},[48,82579,670],{"class":62},[1752,82581,82583],{"id":82582},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82585,82586],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82588,17372],{},[39,82590,82592],{"className":41,"code":82591,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82593,82594,82611,82621,82625,82645,82664,82668],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82595,82596,82598,82601,82603,82605,82607,82609],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82597,35388],{"class":915},[48,82599,82600],{"class":35391}," add",[48,82602,151],{"class":62},[48,82604,348],{"class":38203},[48,82606,87],{"class":62},[48,82608,3343],{"class":38203},[48,82610,9109],{"class":62},[48,82612,82613,82615,82617,82619],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82614,35399],{"class":116},[48,82616,45089],{"class":54},[48,82618,2845],{"class":58},[48,82620,36721],{"class":54},[48,82622,82623],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82624,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,82626,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,82628,2232],{"class":54},[48,82630,59],{"class":58},[48,82632,4404],{"class":62},[48,82634,3770],{"class":99},[48,82636,87],{"class":62},[48,82638,632],{"class":99},[48,82640,87],{"class":62},[48,82642,800],{"class":99},[48,82644,1465],{"class":62},[48,82646,82647,82649,82651,82653,82655,82658,82660,82662],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,82648,449],{"class":54},[48,82650,59],{"class":58},[48,82652,80573],{"class":147},[48,82654,151],{"class":62},[48,82656,82657],{"class":137},"add",[48,82659,87],{"class":62},[48,82661,2292],{"class":137},[48,82663,162],{"class":62},[48,82665,82666],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,82667,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,82669,82670,82672,82674,82676,82678,82680],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,82671,276],{"class":147},[48,82673,151],{"class":62},[48,82675,282],{"class":281},[48,82677,151],{"class":62},[48,82679,474],{"class":137},[48,82681,670],{"class":62},[20,82683,17384],{},[39,82685,82687],{"className":41,"code":82686,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82688,82689,82705,82715,82719,82739,82759,82781,82785],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82690,82691,82693,82695,82697,82699,82701,82703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82692,35388],{"class":915},[48,82694,82600],{"class":35391},[48,82696,151],{"class":62},[48,82698,348],{"class":38203},[48,82700,87],{"class":62},[48,82702,3343],{"class":38203},[48,82704,9109],{"class":62},[48,82706,82707,82709,82711,82713],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82708,35399],{"class":116},[48,82710,45089],{"class":54},[48,82712,2845],{"class":58},[48,82714,36721],{"class":54},[48,82716,82717],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82718,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,82720,82721,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,82722,81209],{"class":54},[48,82724,59],{"class":58},[48,82726,4404],{"class":62},[48,82728,3770],{"class":99},[48,82730,87],{"class":62},[48,82732,632],{"class":99},[48,82734,87],{"class":62},[48,82736,800],{"class":99},[48,82738,1465],{"class":62},[48,82740,82741,82743,82745,82747,82749,82751,82753,82755,82757],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,82742,81230],{"class":54},[48,82744,59],{"class":58},[48,82746,4404],{"class":62},[48,82748,3114],{"class":99},[48,82750,87],{"class":62},[48,82752,2506],{"class":99},[48,82754,87],{"class":62},[48,82756,8564],{"class":99},[48,82758,1465],{"class":62},[48,82760,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,82762,449],{"class":54},[48,82764,59],{"class":58},[48,82766,80573],{"class":147},[48,82768,151],{"class":62},[48,82770,82657],{"class":137},[48,82772,87],{"class":62},[48,82774,81268],{"class":137},[48,82776,87],{"class":62},[48,82778,81273],{"class":137},[48,82780,162],{"class":62},[48,82782,82783],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,82784,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,82786,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,82788,276],{"class":147},[48,82790,151],{"class":62},[48,82792,282],{"class":281},[48,82794,151],{"class":62},[48,82796,474],{"class":137},[48,82798,670],{"class":62},[1752,82800,82802],{"id":82801},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82804,17372],{},[39,82806,82807],{"className":41,"code":81809,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,82808,82809,82829,82847,82851,82865],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82810,82811,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82812,2232],{"class":54},[48,82814,59],{"class":58},[48,82816,4404],{"class":62},[48,82818,3770],{"class":99},[48,82820,87],{"class":62},[48,82822,632],{"class":99},[48,82824,87],{"class":62},[48,82826,800],{"class":99},[48,82828,1465],{"class":62},[48,82830,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841,82843,82845],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82832,449],{"class":54},[48,82834,59],{"class":58},[48,82836,80573],{"class":147},[48,82838,151],{"class":62},[48,82840,4223],{"class":281},[48,82842,87],{"class":62},[48,82844,2292],{"class":137},[48,82846,162],{"class":62},[48,82848,82849],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82850,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,82852,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82863],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,82854,276],{"class":147},[48,82856,151],{"class":62},[48,82858,282],{"class":281},[48,82860,151],{"class":62},[48,82862,474],{"class":137},[48,82864,670],{"class":62},[48,82866,82867,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,82868,276],{"class":147},[48,82870,151],{"class":62},[48,82872,282],{"class":281},[48,82874,151],{"class":62},[48,82876,474],{"class":137},[48,82878,670],{"class":62},[20,82880,82881],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82883,82884],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[34,82886,68446],{"id":68445},[20,82888,9642,82889,82891],{},[15,82890,40258],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[39,82893,82895],{"className":41,"code":82894,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82896,82897,82907,82921,82935,82947],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82898,82899,82901,82903,82905],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82900,276],{"class":147},[48,82902,151],{"class":62},[48,82904,474],{"class":137},[48,82906,162],{"class":62},[48,82908,82909,82911,82913,82915,82917,82919],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,82910,276],{"class":147},[48,82912,151],{"class":62},[48,82914,282],{"class":281},[48,82916,151],{"class":62},[48,82918,474],{"class":137},[48,82920,670],{"class":62},[48,82922,82923,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,82924,276],{"class":147},[48,82926,151],{"class":62},[48,82928,2094],{"class":281},[48,82930,151],{"class":62},[48,82932,474],{"class":137},[48,82934,670],{"class":62},[48,82936,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,82938,117],{"class":116},[48,82940,1948],{"class":54},[48,82942,128],{"class":116},[48,82944,81768],{"class":54},[48,82946,1053],{"class":62},[48,82948,82949,82951,82953,82955],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,82950,148],{"class":147},[48,82952,151],{"class":62},[48,82954,1967],{"class":137},[48,82956,162],{"class":62},[20,82958,13416],{},[209,82960,82961,82966,82971,82977],{},[212,82962,82963,82965],{},[15,82964,33562],{}," shows that you have a map object",[212,82967,82968,82970],{},[15,82969,33570],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[212,82972,82973,82976],{},[15,82974,82975],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[212,82978,82979,82980,82982],{},"looping over ",[15,82981,474],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82984,82985,82986,82989,82990,82992],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82987,82988],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82991,117],{}," loop consume the map object.",[34,82994,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,82996,2606,82998,83000],{"id":82997},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82999,40258],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,83002,83003,83004,83006,83007,2616],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,83005,40258],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,83008,83009],{},"list(map(...))",[1752,83011,15632,83013,83015,83016,83018],{"id":83012},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,83014,40258],{}," better than a ",[15,83017,117],{}," loop?",[20,83020,83021,83022,83024,83025,83027],{},"Not always. ",[15,83023,40258],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,83026,117],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1752,83029,5947,83031,83033],{"id":83030},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,83032,40258],{}," use more than one list?",[20,83035,83036],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1752,83038,83040],{"id":83039},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,83042,83043],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[34,83045,2679],{"id":2678},[209,83047,83048,83054,83060,83064,83068],{},[212,83049,83050],{},[348,83051,4356,83052,4289],{"href":40627},[15,83053,38116],{},[212,83055,83056],{},[348,83057,4356,83058,4289],{"href":65398},[15,83059,25312],{},[212,83061,83062],{},[348,83063,5999],{"href":5909},[212,83065,83066],{},[348,83067,6004],{"href":5172},[212,83069,83070],{},[348,83071,5994],{"href":5913},[2711,83073,83074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":83076},[83077,83078,83080,83081,83082,83084,83089,83096,83098,83105,83106,83115],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":80652,"depth":106,"text":83079},"What map() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":80971,"depth":106,"text":83083},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":81155,"depth":106,"text":83085,"children":83086},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[83087],{"id":81343,"depth":113,"text":83088},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81500,"depth":106,"text":83090,"children":83091},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[83092,83094,83095],{"id":81518,"depth":113,"text":83093},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81709,"depth":113,"text":81710},{"id":81802,"depth":113,"text":81803},{"id":82063,"depth":106,"text":83097},"When to use map()",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":83099},[83100,83102,83103,83104],{"id":82372,"depth":113,"text":83101},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82461,"depth":113,"text":82462},{"id":82582,"depth":113,"text":82583},{"id":82801,"depth":113,"text":82802},{"id":68445,"depth":106,"text":68446},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":83107},[83108,83110,83112,83114],{"id":82997,"depth":113,"text":83109},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":83012,"depth":113,"text":83111},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":83030,"depth":113,"text":83113},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":83039,"depth":113,"text":83040},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80484,"description":83116},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":83123,"title":83124,"body":83125,"description":85145,"extension":2749,"meta":85146,"navigation":109,"path":85147,"seo":85148,"stem":85149,"__hash__":85150},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83126,"toc":85103},[83127,83133,83138,83141,83149,83152,83154,83278,83280,83298,83300,83320,83325,83329,83343,83346,83349,83351,83356,83468,83471,83489,83495,83498,83560,83562,83571,83574,83588,83590,83638,83640,83649,83659,83665,83668,83695,83697,83705,83708,83711,83781,83783,83791,83794,83799,83804,83855,83857,83865,83868,83870,83887,83889,83941,83944,83950,83954,83959,83962,83966,84025,84027,84036,84042,84051,84055,84118,84120,84128,84133,84137,84142,84222,84224,84233,84240,84245,84250,84253,84288,84290,84298,84301,84307,84309,84359,84361,84370,84373,84391,84393,84398,84404,84411,84438,84440,84463,84468,84503,84508,84514,84519,84562,84565,84568,84607,84614,84620,84625,84640,84644,84651,84654,84658,84663,84667,84672,84674,84735,84737,84766,84771,84778,84787,84789,84792,84817,84819,84922,84925,84943,84952,84954,84959,84962,84968,84971,84973,84983,84989,84993,85051,85058,85066,85068,85100],[10,83128,4356,83130,4360],{"id":83129},"python-max-function-explained",[15,83131,83132],{},"max()",[20,83134,9890,83135,83137],{},[15,83136,83132],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,83139,83140],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[209,83142,83143,83146],{},[212,83144,83145],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[212,83147,83148],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,83150,83151],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[34,83153,37],{"id":36},[39,83155,83157],{"className":41,"code":83156,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83158,83159,83183,83198,83202,83228,83232,83264],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83160,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83162,2232],{"class":54},[48,83164,59],{"class":58},[48,83166,4404],{"class":62},[48,83168,2848],{"class":99},[48,83170,87],{"class":62},[48,83172,7134],{"class":99},[48,83174,87],{"class":62},[48,83176,632],{"class":99},[48,83178,87],{"class":62},[48,83180,5387],{"class":99},[48,83182,1465],{"class":62},[48,83184,83185,83187,83189,83192,83194,83196],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,83186,276],{"class":147},[48,83188,151],{"class":62},[48,83190,83191],{"class":147},"max",[48,83193,151],{"class":62},[48,83195,2411],{"class":137},[48,83197,670],{"class":62},[48,83199,83200],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,83201,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,83203,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,83205,276],{"class":147},[48,83207,151],{"class":62},[48,83209,83191],{"class":147},[48,83211,151],{"class":62},[48,83213,2848],{"class":99},[48,83215,87],{"class":62},[48,83217,7134],{"class":99},[48,83219,87],{"class":62},[48,83221,632],{"class":99},[48,83223,87],{"class":62},[48,83225,5387],{"class":99},[48,83227,670],{"class":62},[48,83229,83230],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,83231,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,83233,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,83235,4852],{"class":54},[48,83237,59],{"class":58},[48,83239,4404],{"class":62},[48,83241,67],{"class":66},[48,83243,1128],{"class":70},[48,83245,67],{"class":66},[48,83247,87],{"class":62},[48,83249,79],{"class":66},[48,83251,1146],{"class":70},[48,83253,67],{"class":66},[48,83255,87],{"class":62},[48,83257,79],{"class":66},[48,83259,79295],{"class":70},[48,83261,67],{"class":66},[48,83263,1465],{"class":62},[48,83265,83266,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,83267,276],{"class":147},[48,83269,151],{"class":62},[48,83271,83191],{"class":147},[48,83273,151],{"class":62},[48,83275,4894],{"class":137},[48,83277,670],{"class":62},[20,83279,168],{},[39,83281,83283],{"className":41,"code":83282,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83284,83285,83289,83293],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83286,83287],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83288,3165],{"class":99},[48,83290,83291],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,83292,3165],{"class":99},[48,83294,83295],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,83296,83297],{"class":54},"pear\n",[20,83299,20676],{},[209,83301,83302,83308,83314],{},[212,83303,83304,83307],{},[15,83305,83306],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[212,83309,83310,83313],{},[15,83311,83312],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[212,83315,83316,83319],{},[15,83317,83318],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[34,83321,196,83323,199],{"id":83322},"what-max-does",[15,83324,83132],{},[20,83326,83327,76],{},[15,83328,83132],{},[209,83330,83331,83334,83337,83340],{},[212,83332,83333],{},"Returns the largest item",[212,83335,83336],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[212,83338,83339],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[212,83341,83342],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83344,83345],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83347,83348],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[34,83350,360],{"id":359},[20,83352,83353,83354,76],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83355,83132],{},[39,83357,83359],{"className":41,"code":83358,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83360,83361,83371,83395,83417,83440],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83362,83363,83365,83367,83369],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83364,83191],{"class":147},[48,83366,151],{"class":62},[48,83368,4502],{"class":137},[48,83370,162],{"class":62},[48,83372,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83384,83386,83388,83390,83393],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,83374,83191],{"class":147},[48,83376,151],{"class":62},[48,83378,4502],{"class":137},[48,83380,87],{"class":62},[48,83382,83383],{"class":58}," *",[48,83385,87],{"class":62},[48,83387,120],{"class":9941},[48,83389,59],{"class":58},[48,83391,83392],{"class":137},"func",[48,83394,162],{"class":62},[48,83396,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,83398,83191],{"class":147},[48,83400,151],{"class":62},[48,83402,4502],{"class":137},[48,83404,87],{"class":62},[48,83406,83383],{"class":58},[48,83408,87],{"class":62},[48,83410,27055],{"class":9941},[48,83412,59],{"class":58},[48,83414,933],{"class":137},[48,83416,162],{"class":62},[48,83418,83419,83421,83423,83426,83428,83431,83433,83435,83438],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,83420,83191],{"class":147},[48,83422,151],{"class":62},[48,83424,83425],{"class":137},"arg1",[48,83427,87],{"class":62},[48,83429,83430],{"class":137}," arg2",[48,83432,87],{"class":62},[48,83434,83383],{"class":58},[48,83436,83437],{"class":137},"args",[48,83439,162],{"class":62},[48,83441,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,83443,83191],{"class":147},[48,83445,151],{"class":62},[48,83447,83425],{"class":137},[48,83449,87],{"class":62},[48,83451,83430],{"class":137},[48,83453,87],{"class":62},[48,83455,83383],{"class":58},[48,83457,83437],{"class":137},[48,83459,87],{"class":62},[48,83461,120],{"class":9941},[48,83463,59],{"class":58},[48,83465,83392],{"class":137},[48,83467,162],{"class":62},[20,83469,83470],{},"The most important parts are:",[209,83472,83473,83478,83483],{},[212,83474,83475,83477],{},[15,83476,4502],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[212,83479,83480,83482],{},[15,83481,154],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[212,83484,83485,83488],{},[15,83486,83487],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[34,83490,9185,83492,83494],{"id":83491},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83493,83132],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83496,83497],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[39,83499,83501],{"className":41,"code":83500,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83502,83503,83529,83545,83549],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83504,83505,83507,83509,83511,83514,83516,83518,83520,83522,83524,83527],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83506,408],{"class":54},[48,83508,59],{"class":58},[48,83510,4404],{"class":62},[48,83512,83513],{"class":99},"72",[48,83515,87],{"class":62},[48,83517,52057],{"class":99},[48,83519,87],{"class":62},[48,83521,438],{"class":99},[48,83523,87],{"class":62},[48,83525,83526],{"class":99}," 66",[48,83528,1465],{"class":62},[48,83530,83531,83534,83536,83539,83541,83543],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,83532,83533],{"class":54},"highest_score ",[48,83535,59],{"class":58},[48,83537,83538],{"class":147}," max",[48,83540,151],{"class":62},[48,83542,486],{"class":137},[48,83544,162],{"class":62},[48,83546,83547],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,83548,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,83550,83551,83553,83555,83558],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,83552,276],{"class":147},[48,83554,151],{"class":62},[48,83556,83557],{"class":137},"highest_score",[48,83559,162],{"class":62},[20,83561,168],{},[39,83563,83565],{"className":41,"code":83564,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"91\n",[15,83566,83567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83568,83569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83570,83564],{"class":99},[20,83572,83573],{},"This works well for:",[209,83575,83576,83579,83582,83585],{},[212,83577,83578],{},"Scores",[212,83580,83581],{},"Prices",[212,83583,83584],{},"Ages",[212,83586,83587],{},"Counts",[20,83589,52627],{},[39,83591,83593],{"className":41,"code":83592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83594,83595,83623],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83596,83597,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83611,83613,83616,83618,83621],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83598,83599],{"class":54},"prices ",[48,83601,59],{"class":58},[48,83603,4404],{"class":62},[48,83605,40940],{"class":99},[48,83607,87],{"class":62},[48,83609,83610],{"class":99}," 5.50",[48,83612,87],{"class":62},[48,83614,83615],{"class":99}," 12.75",[48,83617,87],{"class":62},[48,83619,83620],{"class":99}," 29.00",[48,83622,1465],{"class":62},[48,83624,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83636],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,83626,276],{"class":147},[48,83628,151],{"class":62},[48,83630,83191],{"class":147},[48,83632,151],{"class":62},[48,83634,83635],{"class":137},"prices",[48,83637,670],{"class":62},[20,83639,168],{},[39,83641,83643],{"className":41,"code":83642,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"29.0\n",[15,83644,83645],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83646,83647],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83648,83642],{"class":99},[20,83650,83651,83652,83654,83655,134],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83653,83132],{}," is simpler than ",[348,83656,83657],{"href":75072},[15,83658,74975],{},[34,83660,9185,83662,83664],{"id":83661},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83663,83132],{}," with separate values",[20,83666,83667],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[39,83669,83671],{"className":41,"code":83670,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83672,83673],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83674,83675,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83676,276],{"class":147},[48,83678,151],{"class":62},[48,83680,83191],{"class":147},[48,83682,151],{"class":62},[48,83684,3288],{"class":99},[48,83686,87],{"class":62},[48,83688,31477],{"class":99},[48,83690,87],{"class":62},[48,83692,6769],{"class":99},[48,83694,670],{"class":62},[20,83696,168],{},[39,83698,83699],{"className":41,"code":3009,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,83700,83701],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83702,83703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83704,3009],{"class":99},[20,83706,83707],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83709,83710],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[39,83712,83714],{"className":41,"code":83713,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83715,83716,83725,83733,83743,83747,83770],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83717,83718,83720,83722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83719,3338],{"class":54},[48,83721,59],{"class":58},[48,83723,83724],{"class":99}," 15\n",[48,83726,83727,83729,83731],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,83728,3365],{"class":54},[48,83730,59],{"class":58},[48,83732,3551],{"class":99},[48,83734,83735,83738,83740],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,83736,83737],{"class":54},"c ",[48,83739,59],{"class":58},[48,83741,83742],{"class":99}," 27\n",[48,83744,83745],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,83746,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,83748,83749,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,83750,83751],{"class":54},"largest ",[48,83753,59],{"class":58},[48,83755,83538],{"class":147},[48,83757,151],{"class":62},[48,83759,348],{"class":137},[48,83761,87],{"class":62},[48,83763,3343],{"class":137},[48,83765,87],{"class":62},[48,83767,10437],{"class":137},[48,83769,162],{"class":62},[48,83771,83772,83774,83776,83779],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,83773,276],{"class":147},[48,83775,151],{"class":62},[48,83777,83778],{"class":137},"largest",[48,83780,162],{"class":62},[20,83782,168],{},[39,83784,83785],{"className":41,"code":47157,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,83786,83787],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83788,83789],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83790,47157],{"class":99},[20,83792,83793],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[34,83795,9185,83797,47604],{"id":83796},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83798,83132],{},[20,83800,83801,83803],{},[15,83802,83132],{}," can compare strings too.",[39,83805,83807],{"className":41,"code":83806,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83808,83809,83841],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83810,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83812,4852],{"class":54},[48,83814,59],{"class":58},[48,83816,4404],{"class":62},[48,83818,67],{"class":66},[48,83820,1128],{"class":70},[48,83822,67],{"class":66},[48,83824,87],{"class":62},[48,83826,79],{"class":66},[48,83828,1146],{"class":70},[48,83830,67],{"class":66},[48,83832,87],{"class":62},[48,83834,79],{"class":66},[48,83836,79295],{"class":70},[48,83838,67],{"class":66},[48,83840,1465],{"class":62},[48,83842,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,83844,276],{"class":147},[48,83846,151],{"class":62},[48,83848,83191],{"class":147},[48,83850,151],{"class":62},[48,83852,4894],{"class":137},[48,83854,670],{"class":62},[20,83856,168],{},[39,83858,83859],{"className":41,"code":83297,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,83860,83861],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83862,83863],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83864,83297],{"class":54},[20,83866,83867],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83869,68834],{},[209,83871,83872,83881,83884],{},[212,83873,83874,83877,83878,83880],{},[15,83875,83876],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83879,65825],{}," alphabetically",[212,83882,83883],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[212,83885,83886],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83888,226],{},[39,83890,83892],{"className":41,"code":83891,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83893,83894,83927],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83895,83896,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83897,4852],{"class":54},[48,83899,59],{"class":58},[48,83901,4404],{"class":62},[48,83903,67],{"class":66},[48,83905,1128],{"class":70},[48,83907,67],{"class":66},[48,83909,87],{"class":62},[48,83911,79],{"class":66},[48,83913,83914],{"class":70},"Banana",[48,83916,67],{"class":66},[48,83918,87],{"class":62},[48,83920,79],{"class":66},[48,83922,79295],{"class":70},[48,83924,67],{"class":66},[48,83926,1465],{"class":62},[48,83928,83929,83931,83933,83935,83937,83939],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,83930,276],{"class":147},[48,83932,151],{"class":62},[48,83934,83191],{"class":147},[48,83936,151],{"class":62},[48,83938,4894],{"class":137},[48,83940,670],{"class":62},[20,83942,83943],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83945,83946,83947,83949],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83948,154],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[34,83951,37152,83952,37155],{"id":79253},[15,83953,154],{},[20,83955,22,83956,83958],{},[15,83957,154],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83960,83961],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1752,83963,83965],{"id":83964},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[39,83967,83969],{"className":41,"code":83968,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83970,83971,84003],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83972,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987,83989,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83974,4852],{"class":54},[48,83976,59],{"class":58},[48,83978,4404],{"class":62},[48,83980,67],{"class":66},[48,83982,37587],{"class":70},[48,83984,67],{"class":66},[48,83986,87],{"class":62},[48,83988,79],{"class":66},[48,83990,68877],{"class":70},[48,83992,67],{"class":66},[48,83994,87],{"class":62},[48,83996,79],{"class":66},[48,83998,58676],{"class":70},[48,84000,67],{"class":66},[48,84002,1465],{"class":62},[48,84004,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84006,276],{"class":147},[48,84008,151],{"class":62},[48,84010,83191],{"class":147},[48,84012,151],{"class":62},[48,84014,4894],{"class":137},[48,84016,87],{"class":62},[48,84018,120],{"class":9941},[48,84020,59],{"class":58},[48,84022,11914],{"class":147},[48,84024,670],{"class":62},[20,84026,168],{},[39,84028,84030],{"className":41,"code":84029,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"elephant\n",[15,84031,84032],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84033,84034],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84035,84029],{"class":54},[20,84037,21489,84038,84041],{},[15,84039,84040],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,84043,84044,84045,34164,84047,134],{},"If you are new to ",[15,84046,42904],{},[348,84048,84049,6560],{"href":42901},[15,84050,42904],{},[1752,84052,84054],{"id":84053},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[39,84056,84058],{"className":41,"code":84057,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,84059,84060,84092],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84061,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84063,4852],{"class":54},[48,84065,59],{"class":58},[48,84067,4404],{"class":62},[48,84069,67],{"class":66},[48,84071,1128],{"class":70},[48,84073,67],{"class":66},[48,84075,87],{"class":62},[48,84077,79],{"class":66},[48,84079,83914],{"class":70},[48,84081,67],{"class":66},[48,84083,87],{"class":62},[48,84085,79],{"class":66},[48,84087,79295],{"class":70},[48,84089,67],{"class":66},[48,84091,1465],{"class":62},[48,84093,84094,84096,84098,84100,84102,84104,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114,84116],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84095,276],{"class":147},[48,84097,151],{"class":62},[48,84099,83191],{"class":147},[48,84101,151],{"class":62},[48,84103,4894],{"class":137},[48,84105,87],{"class":62},[48,84107,120],{"class":9941},[48,84109,59],{"class":58},[48,84111,4223],{"class":281},[48,84113,134],{"class":62},[48,84115,9407],{"class":25281},[48,84117,670],{"class":62},[20,84119,168],{},[39,84121,84122],{"className":41,"code":83297,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,84123,84124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84125,84126],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84127,83297],{"class":54},[20,84129,21489,84130,84132],{},[15,84131,79249],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1752,84134,84136],{"id":84135},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,84138,84139,84140,76],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,84141,38200],{},[39,84143,84145],{"className":41,"code":84144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,84146,84147,84190],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84148,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157,84159,84161,84163,84165,84168,84170,84172,84174,84177,84179,84181,84183,84186,84188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84150,8549],{"class":54},[48,84152,59],{"class":58},[48,84154,4404],{"class":62},[48,84156,67],{"class":66},[48,84158,348],{"class":70},[48,84160,67],{"class":66},[48,84162,87],{"class":62},[48,84164,79],{"class":66},[48,84166,84167],{"class":70},"bb",[48,84169,67],{"class":66},[48,84171,87],{"class":62},[48,84173,79],{"class":66},[48,84175,84176],{"class":70},"cccc",[48,84178,67],{"class":66},[48,84180,87],{"class":62},[48,84182,79],{"class":66},[48,84184,84185],{"class":70},"ddd",[48,84187,67],{"class":66},[48,84189,1465],{"class":62},[48,84191,84192,84194,84196,84198,84200,84202,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84193,276],{"class":147},[48,84195,151],{"class":62},[48,84197,83191],{"class":147},[48,84199,151],{"class":62},[48,84201,138],{"class":137},[48,84203,87],{"class":62},[48,84205,120],{"class":9941},[48,84207,59],{"class":58},[48,84209,38200],{"class":915},[48,84211,43385],{"class":38203},[48,84213,76],{"class":62},[48,84215,38927],{"class":147},[48,84217,151],{"class":62},[48,84219,35245],{"class":137},[48,84221,3693],{"class":62},[20,84223,168],{},[39,84225,84227],{"className":41,"code":84226,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"cccc\n",[15,84228,84229],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84230,84231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84232,84226],{"class":54},[20,84234,50096,84235,5174,84237,84239],{},[15,84236,84040],{},[15,84238,79136],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[34,84241,37152,84243,37155],{"id":84242},"using-the-default-argument",[15,84244,83487],{},[20,84246,22,84247,84249],{},[15,84248,83487],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,84251,84252],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[39,84254,84256],{"className":41,"code":84255,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84257,84258,84266],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84259,84260,84262,84264],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84261,2232],{"class":54},[48,84263,59],{"class":58},[48,84265,8607],{"class":62},[48,84267,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84269,276],{"class":147},[48,84271,151],{"class":62},[48,84273,83191],{"class":147},[48,84275,151],{"class":62},[48,84277,2411],{"class":137},[48,84279,87],{"class":62},[48,84281,27055],{"class":9941},[48,84283,59],{"class":58},[48,84285,2904],{"class":99},[48,84287,670],{"class":62},[20,84289,168],{},[39,84291,84292],{"className":41,"code":47797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,84293,84294],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84295,84296],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84297,47797],{"class":99},[20,84299,84300],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84302,84303,84304,84306],{},"Without ",[15,84305,83487],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84308,52627],{},[39,84310,84312],{"className":41,"code":84311,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84313,84314,84322,84349],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84315,84316,84318,84320],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84317,4852],{"class":54},[48,84319,59],{"class":58},[48,84321,8607],{"class":62},[48,84323,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84345,84347],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84325,449],{"class":54},[48,84327,59],{"class":58},[48,84329,83538],{"class":147},[48,84331,151],{"class":62},[48,84333,4894],{"class":137},[48,84335,87],{"class":62},[48,84337,27055],{"class":9941},[48,84339,59],{"class":58},[48,84341,67],{"class":66},[48,84343,84344],{"class":70},"no words found",[48,84346,67],{"class":66},[48,84348,162],{"class":62},[48,84350,84351,84353,84355,84357],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,84352,276],{"class":147},[48,84354,151],{"class":62},[48,84356,474],{"class":137},[48,84358,162],{"class":62},[20,84360,168],{},[39,84362,84364],{"className":41,"code":84363,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"no words found\n",[15,84365,84366],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84367,84368],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84369,84363],{"class":54},[20,84371,84372],{},"Important:",[209,84374,84375,84383],{},[212,84376,84377,84379,84380],{},[15,84378,83487],{}," works with ",[15,84381,84382],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[212,84384,41448,84385,84387,84388],{},[166,84386,5413],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84389,84390],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[34,84392,48532],{"id":48531},[20,84394,84395,84396,134],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84397,83132],{},[1752,84399,84401,84403],{"id":84400},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84402,41246],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84405,84406,84407,46453,84409,134],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84408,83487],{},[15,84410,41246],{},[39,84412,84414],{"className":41,"code":84413,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84415,84416,84424],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84417,84418,84420,84422],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84419,2232],{"class":54},[48,84421,59],{"class":58},[48,84423,8607],{"class":62},[48,84425,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84427,276],{"class":147},[48,84429,151],{"class":62},[48,84431,83191],{"class":147},[48,84433,151],{"class":62},[48,84435,2411],{"class":137},[48,84437,670],{"class":62},[20,84439,30214],{},[39,84441,84443],{"className":41,"code":84442,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84444,84445],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84446,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84458,84460],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84448,41246],{"class":281},[48,84450,76],{"class":62},[48,84452,83538],{"class":147},[48,84454,8135],{"class":62},[48,84456,84457],{"class":54}," arg ",[48,84459,12939],{"class":58},[48,84461,84462],{"class":54}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84464,84465,84466,76],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84467,83487],{},[39,84469,84471],{"className":41,"code":84470,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84472,84473,84481],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84474,84475,84477,84479],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84476,2232],{"class":54},[48,84478,59],{"class":58},[48,84480,8607],{"class":62},[48,84482,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84484,276],{"class":147},[48,84486,151],{"class":62},[48,84488,83191],{"class":147},[48,84490,151],{"class":62},[48,84492,2411],{"class":137},[48,84494,87],{"class":62},[48,84496,27055],{"class":9941},[48,84498,59],{"class":58},[48,84500,4560],{"class":1642},[48,84502,670],{"class":62},[20,84504,84505,84506,134],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[348,84507,66390],{"href":73429},[1752,84509,84511,84513],{"id":84510},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84512,3787],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84515,84516,84517,134],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84518,3787],{},[39,84520,84522],{"className":41,"code":84521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84523,84524,84548],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84525,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536,84538,84540,84542,84544,84546],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84527,8549],{"class":54},[48,84529,59],{"class":58},[48,84531,4404],{"class":62},[48,84533,3114],{"class":99},[48,84535,87],{"class":62},[48,84537,79],{"class":66},[48,84539,16483],{"class":70},[48,84541,67],{"class":66},[48,84543,87],{"class":62},[48,84545,8564],{"class":99},[48,84547,1465],{"class":62},[48,84549,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84551,276],{"class":147},[48,84553,151],{"class":62},[48,84555,83191],{"class":147},[48,84557,151],{"class":62},[48,84559,138],{"class":137},[48,84561,670],{"class":62},[20,84563,84564],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84566,84567],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[39,84569,84571],{"className":41,"code":84570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84572,84573,84593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84574,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84576,8549],{"class":54},[48,84578,59],{"class":58},[48,84580,4404],{"class":62},[48,84582,3114],{"class":99},[48,84584,87],{"class":62},[48,84586,2506],{"class":99},[48,84588,87],{"class":62},[48,84590,8564],{"class":99},[48,84592,1465],{"class":62},[48,84594,84595,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84596,276],{"class":147},[48,84598,151],{"class":62},[48,84600,83191],{"class":147},[48,84602,151],{"class":62},[48,84604,138],{"class":137},[48,84606,670],{"class":62},[20,84608,84609,84610,134],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[348,84611,84613],{"href":84612},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1752,84615,84617,84619],{"id":84616},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84618,3787],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84621,84622,84624],{},[15,84623,83132],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[39,84626,84628],{"className":41,"code":84627,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(max())\n",[15,84629,84630],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84631,84632,84634,84636,84638],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84633,276],{"class":147},[48,84635,151],{"class":62},[48,84637,83191],{"class":147},[48,84639,1203],{"class":62},[20,84641,3784,84642,134],{},[15,84643,3787],{},[34,84645,84647,1306,84649],{"id":84646},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84648,83132],{},[15,84650,74975],{},[20,84652,84653],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84655,84656,76],{},[15,84657,83132],{},[209,84659,84660],{},[212,84661,84662],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84664,84665,76],{},[15,84666,74975],{},[209,84668,84669],{},[212,84670,84671],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84673,226],{},[39,84675,84677],{"className":41,"code":84676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84678,84679,84703,84707,84721],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84680,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84682,2232],{"class":54},[48,84684,59],{"class":58},[48,84686,4404],{"class":62},[48,84688,2848],{"class":99},[48,84690,87],{"class":62},[48,84692,7134],{"class":99},[48,84694,87],{"class":62},[48,84696,632],{"class":99},[48,84698,87],{"class":62},[48,84700,5387],{"class":99},[48,84702,1465],{"class":62},[48,84704,84705],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84706,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,84708,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,84710,276],{"class":147},[48,84712,151],{"class":62},[48,84714,83191],{"class":147},[48,84716,151],{"class":62},[48,84718,2411],{"class":137},[48,84720,670],{"class":62},[48,84722,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,84724,276],{"class":147},[48,84726,151],{"class":62},[48,84728,75065],{"class":147},[48,84730,151],{"class":62},[48,84732,2411],{"class":137},[48,84734,670],{"class":62},[20,84736,168],{},[39,84738,84740],{"className":41,"code":84739,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84741,84742,84746],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84743,84744],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84745,3165],{"class":99},[48,84747,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84749,682],{"class":62},[48,84751,2842],{"class":99},[48,84753,87],{"class":62},[48,84755,800],{"class":99},[48,84757,87],{"class":62},[48,84759,5387],{"class":99},[48,84761,87],{"class":62},[48,84763,7134],{"class":99},[48,84765,1465],{"class":62},[20,84767,189,84768,84770],{},[15,84769,83132],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84772,189,84773,84777],{},[348,84774,84775],{"href":75072},[15,84776,74975],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84779,84780,84781,134],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[348,84782,84784],{"href":84783},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84785,84786],{},"min()",[34,84788,1745],{"id":1744},[20,84790,84791],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[209,84793,84794,84801,84804,84809,84812],{},[212,84795,30183,84796,84798,84799],{},[15,84797,83132],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84800,83487],{},[212,84802,84803],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[212,84805,2015,84806,84808],{},[15,84807,83132],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[212,84810,84811],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[212,84813,9185,84814,84816],{},[15,84815,83487],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84818,11865],{},[39,84820,84822],{"className":41,"code":84821,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84823,84824,84834,84848,84862,84876,84898],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84825,84826,84828,84830,84832],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84827,276],{"class":147},[48,84829,151],{"class":62},[48,84831,138],{"class":137},[48,84833,162],{"class":62},[48,84835,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,84837,276],{"class":147},[48,84839,151],{"class":62},[48,84841,2094],{"class":281},[48,84843,151],{"class":62},[48,84845,138],{"class":137},[48,84847,670],{"class":62},[48,84849,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,84851,276],{"class":147},[48,84853,151],{"class":62},[48,84855,11914],{"class":147},[48,84857,151],{"class":62},[48,84859,138],{"class":137},[48,84861,670],{"class":62},[48,84863,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872,84874],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,84865,276],{"class":147},[48,84867,151],{"class":62},[48,84869,83191],{"class":147},[48,84871,151],{"class":62},[48,84873,138],{"class":137},[48,84875,670],{"class":62},[48,84877,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,84879,276],{"class":147},[48,84881,151],{"class":62},[48,84883,83191],{"class":147},[48,84885,151],{"class":62},[48,84887,138],{"class":137},[48,84889,87],{"class":62},[48,84891,27055],{"class":9941},[48,84893,59],{"class":58},[48,84895,4560],{"class":1642},[48,84897,670],{"class":62},[48,84899,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,84901,276],{"class":147},[48,84903,3767],{"class":62},[48,84905,2094],{"class":281},[48,84907,151],{"class":62},[48,84909,611],{"class":137},[48,84911,4442],{"class":62},[48,84913,4659],{"class":116},[48,84915,4662],{"class":137},[48,84917,128],{"class":116},[48,84919,6741],{"class":137},[48,84921,4670],{"class":62},[20,84923,84924],{},"These are useful for checking:",[209,84926,84927,84932,84937,84940],{},[212,84928,84929,84930],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84931,138],{},[212,84933,80302,84934,84936],{},[15,84935,138],{}," is a list or some other type",[212,84938,84939],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[212,84941,84942],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84944,69898,84945,84948,84949,84951],{},[15,84946,84947],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84950,138],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[34,84953,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,84955,5920,84957,2596],{"id":84956},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84958,83132],{},[20,84960,84961],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1752,84963,5947,84965,84967],{"id":84964},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84966,83132],{}," work with strings?",[20,84969,84970],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1752,84972,72197],{"id":72196},[20,84974,84975,53042,84977,84979,84980,84982],{},[15,84976,83132],{},[15,84978,41246],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84981,83487],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1752,84984,84986,84987,2623],{"id":84985},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84988,83132],{},[20,84990,189,84991,76],{},[15,84992,84040],{},[39,84994,84995],{"className":41,"code":83968,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,84996,84997,85029],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84998,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85000,4852],{"class":54},[48,85002,59],{"class":58},[48,85004,4404],{"class":62},[48,85006,67],{"class":66},[48,85008,37587],{"class":70},[48,85010,67],{"class":66},[48,85012,87],{"class":62},[48,85014,79],{"class":66},[48,85016,68877],{"class":70},[48,85018,67],{"class":66},[48,85020,87],{"class":62},[48,85022,79],{"class":66},[48,85024,58676],{"class":70},[48,85026,67],{"class":66},[48,85028,1465],{"class":62},[48,85030,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85032,276],{"class":147},[48,85034,151],{"class":62},[48,85036,83191],{"class":147},[48,85038,151],{"class":62},[48,85040,4894],{"class":137},[48,85042,87],{"class":62},[48,85044,120],{"class":9941},[48,85046,59],{"class":58},[48,85048,11914],{"class":147},[48,85050,670],{"class":62},[1752,85052,5957,85054,5174,85056,2623],{"id":85053},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,85055,83132],{},[15,85057,74975],{},[20,85059,85060,85062,85063,85065],{},[15,85061,83132],{}," returns one largest item. 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":85104},[85105,85106,85108,85109,85111,85113,85115,85120,85122,85130,85132,85133,85144],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":83322,"depth":106,"text":85107},"What max() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":83491,"depth":106,"text":85110},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83661,"depth":106,"text":85112},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83796,"depth":106,"text":85114},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79253,"depth":106,"text":80451,"children":85116},[85117,85118,85119],{"id":83964,"depth":113,"text":83965},{"id":84053,"depth":113,"text":84054},{"id":84135,"depth":113,"text":84136},{"id":84242,"depth":106,"text":85121},"Using the default argument",{"id":48531,"depth":106,"text":48532,"children":85123},[85124,85126,85128],{"id":84400,"depth":113,"text":85125},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84510,"depth":113,"text":85127},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84616,"depth":113,"text":85129},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84646,"depth":106,"text":85131},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":85134},[85135,85137,85139,85140,85142],{"id":84956,"depth":113,"text":85136},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84964,"depth":113,"text":85138},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72196,"depth":113,"text":72197},{"id":84985,"depth":113,"text":85141},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":85053,"depth":113,"text":85143},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":83124,"description":85145},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85152,"title":85153,"body":85154,"description":87108,"extension":2749,"meta":87109,"navigation":109,"path":87110,"seo":87111,"stem":87112,"__hash__":87113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function 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is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,85167,85168,85169,85171],{},"This page explains what ",[15,85170,84786],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[34,85173,37],{"id":36},[39,85175,85177],{"className":41,"code":85176,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,85178,85179,85203,85218,85222],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85180,85181,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85182,2232],{"class":54},[48,85184,59],{"class":58},[48,85186,4404],{"class":62},[48,85188,2921],{"class":99},[48,85190,87],{"class":62},[48,85192,632],{"class":99},[48,85194,87],{"class":62},[48,85196,54684],{"class":99},[48,85198,87],{"class":62},[48,85200,618],{"class":99},[48,85202,1465],{"class":62},[48,85204,85205,85207,85209,85212,85214,85216],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85206,276],{"class":147},[48,85208,151],{"class":62},[48,85210,85211],{"class":147},"min",[48,85213,151],{"class":62},[48,85215,2411],{"class":137},[48,85217,670],{"class":62},[48,85219,85220],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,85221,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,85223,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,85225,276],{"class":147},[48,85227,151],{"class":62},[48,85229,85211],{"class":147},[48,85231,151],{"class":62},[48,85233,2921],{"class":99},[48,85235,87],{"class":62},[48,85237,632],{"class":99},[48,85239,87],{"class":62},[48,85241,54684],{"class":99},[48,85243,87],{"class":62},[48,85245,618],{"class":99},[48,85247,670],{"class":62},[20,85249,168],{},[39,85251,85253],{"className":41,"code":85252,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1\n1\n",[15,85254,85255,85259],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85256,85257],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85258,47462],{"class":99},[48,85260,85261],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85262,47462],{"class":99},[20,85264,189,85265,85267],{},[15,85266,84786],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[34,85269,196,85271,199],{"id":85270},"what-min-does",[15,85272,84786],{},[209,85274,85275,85280,85283,85286],{},[212,85276,85277,85279],{},[15,85278,84786],{}," returns the smallest item",[212,85281,85282],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[212,85284,85285],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[212,85287,85288],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[34,85290,85292],{"id":85291},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85294,85295,85296,76],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85297,84786],{},[39,85299,85301],{"className":41,"code":85300,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85302,85303,85313,85338,85356],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85304,85305,85307,85309,85311],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85306,85211],{"class":147},[48,85308,151],{"class":62},[48,85310,4502],{"class":137},[48,85312,162],{"class":62},[48,85314,85315,85317,85319,85322,85324,85327,85329,85332,85334,85336],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85316,85211],{"class":147},[48,85318,151],{"class":62},[48,85320,85321],{"class":137},"value1",[48,85323,87],{"class":62},[48,85325,85326],{"class":137}," value2",[48,85328,87],{"class":62},[48,85330,85331],{"class":137}," value3",[48,85333,87],{"class":62},[48,85335,34990],{"class":147},[48,85337,162],{"class":62},[48,85339,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,85341,85211],{"class":147},[48,85343,151],{"class":62},[48,85345,4502],{"class":137},[48,85347,87],{"class":62},[48,85349,120],{"class":9941},[48,85351,59],{"class":58},[48,85353,37911],{"class":147},[48,85355,162],{"class":62},[48,85357,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,85359,85211],{"class":147},[48,85361,151],{"class":62},[48,85363,4502],{"class":137},[48,85365,87],{"class":62},[48,85367,27055],{"class":9941},[48,85369,59],{"class":58},[48,85371,37911],{"class":147},[48,85373,162],{"class":62},[1752,85375,85377],{"id":85376},"miniterable",[15,85378,85379],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85381,85382],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[39,85384,85386],{"className":41,"code":85385,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85387,85388,85412],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85389,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85391,2232],{"class":54},[48,85393,59],{"class":58},[48,85395,4404],{"class":62},[48,85397,3129],{"class":99},[48,85399,87],{"class":62},[48,85401,800],{"class":99},[48,85403,87],{"class":62},[48,85405,31477],{"class":99},[48,85407,87],{"class":62},[48,85409,618],{"class":99},[48,85411,1465],{"class":62},[48,85413,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85415,276],{"class":147},[48,85417,151],{"class":62},[48,85419,85211],{"class":147},[48,85421,151],{"class":62},[48,85423,2411],{"class":137},[48,85425,670],{"class":62},[20,85427,168],{},[39,85429,85430],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,85431,85432],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85433,85434],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85435,47462],{"class":99},[1752,85437,85439],{"id":85438},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85440,85441],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85443,85444],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[39,85446,85448],{"className":41,"code":85447,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85449,85450],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85451,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85453,276],{"class":147},[48,85455,151],{"class":62},[48,85457,85211],{"class":147},[48,85459,151],{"class":62},[48,85461,3129],{"class":99},[48,85463,87],{"class":62},[48,85465,800],{"class":99},[48,85467,87],{"class":62},[48,85469,31477],{"class":99},[48,85471,87],{"class":62},[48,85473,618],{"class":99},[48,85475,670],{"class":62},[20,85477,168],{},[39,85479,85480],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,85481,85482],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85483,85484],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85485,47462],{"class":99},[1752,85487,85489],{"id":85488},"miniterable-key",[15,85490,85491],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85493,189,85494,85496],{},[15,85495,154],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[39,85498,85500],{"className":41,"code":85499,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85501,85502,85534],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85503,85504,85506,85508,85510,85512,85514,85516,85518,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85505,4852],{"class":54},[48,85507,59],{"class":58},[48,85509,4404],{"class":62},[48,85511,67],{"class":66},[48,85513,79295],{"class":70},[48,85515,67],{"class":66},[48,85517,87],{"class":62},[48,85519,79],{"class":66},[48,85521,38882],{"class":70},[48,85523,67],{"class":66},[48,85525,87],{"class":62},[48,85527,79],{"class":66},[48,85529,1146],{"class":70},[48,85531,67],{"class":66},[48,85533,1465],{"class":62},[48,85535,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85537,276],{"class":147},[48,85539,151],{"class":62},[48,85541,85211],{"class":147},[48,85543,151],{"class":62},[48,85545,4894],{"class":137},[48,85547,87],{"class":62},[48,85549,120],{"class":9941},[48,85551,59],{"class":58},[48,85553,11914],{"class":147},[48,85555,670],{"class":62},[20,85557,168],{},[39,85559,85561],{"className":41,"code":85560,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"kiwi\n",[15,85562,85563],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85564,85565],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85566,85560],{"class":54},[20,85568,85569],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85571,85572,85573,85575,85576,134],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85574,42904],{},", see the ",[348,85577,85578,4289],{"href":42901},[15,85579,42904],{},[1752,85581,85583],{"id":85582},"miniterable-default",[15,85584,85585],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85587,189,85588,85590],{},[15,85589,83487],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[39,85592,85594],{"className":41,"code":85593,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85595,85596,85604],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85597,85598,85600,85602],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85599,2232],{"class":54},[48,85601,59],{"class":58},[48,85603,8607],{"class":62},[48,85605,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85607,276],{"class":147},[48,85609,151],{"class":62},[48,85611,85211],{"class":147},[48,85613,151],{"class":62},[48,85615,2411],{"class":137},[48,85617,87],{"class":62},[48,85619,27055],{"class":9941},[48,85621,59],{"class":58},[48,85623,2904],{"class":99},[48,85625,670],{"class":62},[20,85627,168],{},[39,85629,85630],{"className":41,"code":47797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,85631,85632],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85633,85634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85635,47797],{"class":99},[20,85637,85638,85639,85641],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85640,41246],{}," when there is no item to return.",[34,85643,9185,85645,85647],{"id":85644},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85646,84786],{}," with numbers",[20,85649,85650,85652],{},[15,85651,84786],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[39,85654,85656],{"className":41,"code":85655,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85657,85658,85683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85659,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85661,408],{"class":54},[48,85663,59],{"class":58},[48,85665,4404],{"class":62},[48,85667,52052],{"class":99},[48,85669,87],{"class":62},[48,85671,85672],{"class":99}," 72",[48,85674,87],{"class":62},[48,85676,29439],{"class":99},[48,85678,87],{"class":62},[48,85680,76651],{"class":99},[48,85682,1465],{"class":62},[48,85684,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85686,276],{"class":147},[48,85688,151],{"class":62},[48,85690,85211],{"class":147},[48,85692,151],{"class":62},[48,85694,486],{"class":137},[48,85696,670],{"class":62},[20,85698,168],{},[39,85700,85702],{"className":41,"code":85701,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"60\n",[15,85703,85704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85705,85706],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85707,85701],{"class":99},[20,85709,85710],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[39,85712,85714],{"className":41,"code":85713,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85715,85716,85737],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85717,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85731,85733,85735],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85719,83599],{"class":54},[48,85721,59],{"class":58},[48,85723,4404],{"class":62},[48,85725,40940],{"class":99},[48,85727,87],{"class":62},[48,85729,85730],{"class":99}," 5.49",[48,85732,87],{"class":62},[48,85734,83615],{"class":99},[48,85736,1465],{"class":62},[48,85738,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85740,276],{"class":147},[48,85742,151],{"class":62},[48,85744,85211],{"class":147},[48,85746,151],{"class":62},[48,85748,83635],{"class":137},[48,85750,670],{"class":62},[20,85752,168],{},[39,85754,85756],{"className":41,"code":85755,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5.49\n",[15,85757,85758],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85759,85760],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85761,85755],{"class":99},[20,85763,85764],{},"This is useful for things like:",[209,85766,85767,85769,85771,85774],{},[212,85768,486],{},[212,85770,83635],{},[212,85772,85773],{},"measurements",[212,85775,85776],{},"ages",[34,85778,9185,85780,47604],{"id":85779},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85781,84786],{},[20,85783,85784,85786],{},[15,85785,84786],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[39,85788,85790],{"className":41,"code":85789,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85791,85792,85824],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85793,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85795,4852],{"class":54},[48,85797,59],{"class":58},[48,85799,4404],{"class":62},[48,85801,67],{"class":66},[48,85803,1146],{"class":70},[48,85805,67],{"class":66},[48,85807,87],{"class":62},[48,85809,79],{"class":66},[48,85811,1128],{"class":70},[48,85813,67],{"class":66},[48,85815,87],{"class":62},[48,85817,79],{"class":66},[48,85819,4877],{"class":70},[48,85821,67],{"class":66},[48,85823,1465],{"class":62},[48,85825,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85827,276],{"class":147},[48,85829,151],{"class":62},[48,85831,85211],{"class":147},[48,85833,151],{"class":62},[48,85835,4894],{"class":137},[48,85837,670],{"class":62},[20,85839,168],{},[39,85841,85843],{"className":41,"code":85842,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"apple\n",[15,85844,85845],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85846,85847],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85848,85842],{"class":54},[20,85850,85851],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[39,85853,85855],{"className":41,"code":85854,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85856,85857,85889],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85858,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85860,4852],{"class":54},[48,85862,59],{"class":58},[48,85864,4404],{"class":62},[48,85866,67],{"class":66},[48,85868,1146],{"class":70},[48,85870,67],{"class":66},[48,85872,87],{"class":62},[48,85874,79],{"class":66},[48,85876,58317],{"class":70},[48,85878,67],{"class":66},[48,85880,87],{"class":62},[48,85882,79],{"class":66},[48,85884,4877],{"class":70},[48,85886,67],{"class":66},[48,85888,1465],{"class":62},[48,85890,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85892,276],{"class":147},[48,85894,151],{"class":62},[48,85896,85211],{"class":147},[48,85898,151],{"class":62},[48,85900,4894],{"class":137},[48,85902,670],{"class":62},[20,85904,168],{},[39,85906,85908],{"className":41,"code":85907,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Apple\n",[15,85909,85910],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85911,85912],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85913,85907],{"class":54},[20,85915,85916],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85918,85919,85920,134],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[348,85921,85922,6560],{"href":75072},[15,85923,74975],{},[34,85925,9185,85927,85929],{"id":85926},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85928,84786],{}," with a key function",[20,85931,22,85932,85934],{},[15,85933,154],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85936,207],{},[209,85938,85939,85944,85949],{},[212,85940,85941,85943],{},[15,85942,154],{}," changes the comparison rule",[212,85945,85946,85948],{},[15,85947,84786],{}," still returns the original item",[212,85950,85951],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1752,85953,85955],{"id":85954},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[39,85957,85959],{"className":41,"code":85958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85960,85961,85994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85962,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987,85990,85992],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85964,4852],{"class":54},[48,85966,59],{"class":58},[48,85968,4404],{"class":62},[48,85970,67],{"class":66},[48,85972,68877],{"class":70},[48,85974,67],{"class":66},[48,85976,87],{"class":62},[48,85978,79],{"class":66},[48,85980,37587],{"class":70},[48,85982,67],{"class":66},[48,85984,87],{"class":62},[48,85986,79],{"class":66},[48,85988,85989],{"class":70},"giraffe",[48,85991,67],{"class":66},[48,85993,1465],{"class":62},[48,85995,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86008,86010,86012,86014],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,85997,276],{"class":147},[48,85999,151],{"class":62},[48,86001,85211],{"class":147},[48,86003,151],{"class":62},[48,86005,4894],{"class":137},[48,86007,87],{"class":62},[48,86009,120],{"class":9941},[48,86011,59],{"class":58},[48,86013,11914],{"class":147},[48,86015,670],{"class":62},[20,86017,168],{},[39,86019,86021],{"className":41,"code":86020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"cat\n",[15,86022,86023],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86024,86025],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86026,86020],{"class":54},[1752,86028,86030],{"id":86029},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[39,86032,86034],{"className":41,"code":86033,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,86035,86036,86046,86081,86113,86145,86149,86153,86192],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86037,86038,86041,86043],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86039,86040],{"class":54},"students ",[48,86042,59],{"class":58},[48,86044,86045],{"class":62}," [\n",[48,86047,86048,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065,86067,86069,86072,86074,86076,86078],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86049,86050],{"class":62},"    {",[48,86052,67],{"class":66},[48,86054,71],{"class":70},[48,86056,67],{"class":66},[48,86058,76],{"class":62},[48,86060,79],{"class":66},[48,86062,82],{"class":70},[48,86064,67],{"class":66},[48,86066,87],{"class":62},[48,86068,79],{"class":66},[48,86070,86071],{"class":70},"score",[48,86073,67],{"class":66},[48,86075,76],{"class":62},[48,86077,438],{"class":99},[48,86079,86080],{"class":62},"},\n",[48,86082,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,86084,86050],{"class":62},[48,86086,67],{"class":66},[48,86088,71],{"class":70},[48,86090,67],{"class":66},[48,86092,76],{"class":62},[48,86094,79],{"class":66},[48,86096,36479],{"class":70},[48,86098,67],{"class":66},[48,86100,87],{"class":62},[48,86102,79],{"class":66},[48,86104,86071],{"class":70},[48,86106,67],{"class":66},[48,86108,76],{"class":62},[48,86110,85672],{"class":99},[48,86112,86080],{"class":62},[48,86114,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,86116,86050],{"class":62},[48,86118,67],{"class":66},[48,86120,71],{"class":70},[48,86122,67],{"class":66},[48,86124,76],{"class":62},[48,86126,79],{"class":66},[48,86128,36488],{"class":70},[48,86130,67],{"class":66},[48,86132,87],{"class":62},[48,86134,79],{"class":66},[48,86136,86071],{"class":70},[48,86138,67],{"class":66},[48,86140,76],{"class":62},[48,86142,424],{"class":99},[48,86144,103],{"class":62},[48,86146,86147],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,86148,1465],{"class":62},[48,86150,86151],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,86152,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,86154,86155,86158,86160,86163,86165,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,86156,86157],{"class":54},"lowest ",[48,86159,59],{"class":58},[48,86161,86162],{"class":147}," min",[48,86164,151],{"class":62},[48,86166,86167],{"class":137},"students",[48,86169,87],{"class":62},[48,86171,120],{"class":9941},[48,86173,59],{"class":58},[48,86175,38200],{"class":915},[48,86177,900],{"class":38203},[48,86179,76],{"class":62},[48,86181,900],{"class":137},[48,86183,682],{"class":62},[48,86185,67],{"class":66},[48,86187,86071],{"class":70},[48,86189,67],{"class":66},[48,86191,4670],{"class":62},[48,86193,86194,86196,86198,86201],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,86195,276],{"class":147},[48,86197,151],{"class":62},[48,86199,86200],{"class":137},"lowest",[48,86202,162],{"class":62},[20,86204,168],{},[39,86206,86208],{"className":41,"code":86207,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,86209,86210],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86211,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86213,537],{"class":62},[48,86215,311],{"class":66},[48,86217,71],{"class":70},[48,86219,311],{"class":66},[48,86221,76],{"class":62},[48,86223,320],{"class":66},[48,86225,36479],{"class":70},[48,86227,311],{"class":66},[48,86229,87],{"class":62},[48,86231,320],{"class":66},[48,86233,86071],{"class":70},[48,86235,311],{"class":66},[48,86237,76],{"class":62},[48,86239,85672],{"class":99},[48,86241,103],{"class":62},[20,86243,86244,86245,86248],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,86246,86247],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[34,86250,9185,86252,86254],{"id":86251},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86253,83487],{}," with empty iterables",[20,86256,86257],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[39,86259,86261],{"className":41,"code":86260,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86262,86263,86271],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86264,86265,86267,86269],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86266,2232],{"class":54},[48,86268,59],{"class":58},[48,86270,8607],{"class":62},[48,86272,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86274,276],{"class":147},[48,86276,151],{"class":62},[48,86278,85211],{"class":147},[48,86280,151],{"class":62},[48,86282,2411],{"class":137},[48,86284,670],{"class":62},[20,86286,168],{},[39,86288,86290],{"className":41,"code":86289,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86291,86292],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86293,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304,86306],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86295,41246],{"class":281},[48,86297,76],{"class":62},[48,86299,86162],{"class":147},[48,86301,8135],{"class":62},[48,86303,84457],{"class":54},[48,86305,12939],{"class":58},[48,86307,84462],{"class":54},[20,86309,86310,86311,76],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86312,83487],{},[39,86314,86316],{"className":41,"code":86315,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86317,86318,86326],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86319,86320,86322,86324],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86321,2232],{"class":54},[48,86323,59],{"class":58},[48,86325,8607],{"class":62},[48,86327,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86346],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86329,276],{"class":147},[48,86331,151],{"class":62},[48,86333,85211],{"class":147},[48,86335,151],{"class":62},[48,86337,2411],{"class":137},[48,86339,87],{"class":62},[48,86341,27055],{"class":9941},[48,86343,59],{"class":58},[48,86345,4560],{"class":1642},[48,86347,670],{"class":62},[20,86349,168],{},[39,86351,86352],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,86353,86354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86355,86356],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86357,12553],{"class":1642},[20,86359,86360],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86362,86363],{},"Remember:",[209,86365,86366,86374],{},[212,86367,86368,86370,86371,86373],{},[15,86369,83487],{}," works only when ",[15,86372,84786],{}," gets one iterable argument",[212,86375,86376,86377],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86378,86379],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86381,86382,86383,134],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[348,86384,66390],{"href":73429},[34,86386,11496],{"id":11495},[20,86388,57324,86389,134],{},[15,86390,84786],{},[1752,86392,86394,86395],{"id":86393},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86396,83487],{},[20,86398,3784,86399,76],{},[15,86400,41246],{},[39,86402,86404],{"className":41,"code":86403,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86405,86406,86414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86407,86408,86410,86412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86409,8549],{"class":54},[48,86411,59],{"class":58},[48,86413,8607],{"class":62},[48,86415,86416,86418,86420,86422,86424,86426],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86417,276],{"class":147},[48,86419,151],{"class":62},[48,86421,85211],{"class":147},[48,86423,151],{"class":62},[48,86425,138],{"class":137},[48,86427,670],{"class":62},[20,86429,86430],{},"Fix it by:",[209,86432,86433,86436],{},[212,86434,86435],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[212,86437,86438,86439],{},"or using ",[15,86440,83487],{},[39,86442,86444],{"className":41,"code":86443,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86445,86446,86454],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86447,86448,86450,86452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86449,8549],{"class":54},[48,86451,59],{"class":58},[48,86453,8607],{"class":62},[48,86455,86456,86458,86460,86462,86464,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474,86477,86479],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86457,276],{"class":147},[48,86459,151],{"class":62},[48,86461,85211],{"class":147},[48,86463,151],{"class":62},[48,86465,138],{"class":137},[48,86467,87],{"class":62},[48,86469,27055],{"class":9941},[48,86471,59],{"class":58},[48,86473,67],{"class":66},[48,86475,86476],{"class":70},"no items",[48,86478,67],{"class":66},[48,86480,670],{"class":62},[1752,86482,86484],{"id":86483},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86486,86487],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[39,86489,86491],{"className":41,"code":86490,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86492,86493,86517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86494,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86496,602],{"class":54},[48,86498,59],{"class":58},[48,86500,4404],{"class":62},[48,86502,3114],{"class":99},[48,86504,87],{"class":62},[48,86506,79],{"class":66},[48,86508,16483],{"class":70},[48,86510,67],{"class":66},[48,86512,87],{"class":62},[48,86514,5387],{"class":99},[48,86516,1465],{"class":62},[48,86518,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86520,276],{"class":147},[48,86522,151],{"class":62},[48,86524,85211],{"class":147},[48,86526,151],{"class":62},[48,86528,679],{"class":137},[48,86530,670],{"class":62},[20,86532,168],{},[39,86534,86536],{"className":41,"code":86535,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError\n",[15,86537,86538],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86539,86540],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86541,86535],{"class":281},[20,86543,86544],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86546,86547,86548,134],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86549,84786],{},[39,86551,86553],{"className":41,"code":86552,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86554,86555,86579,86605],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86556,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86558,602],{"class":54},[48,86560,59],{"class":58},[48,86562,4404],{"class":62},[48,86564,3114],{"class":99},[48,86566,87],{"class":62},[48,86568,79],{"class":66},[48,86570,16483],{"class":70},[48,86572,67],{"class":66},[48,86574,87],{"class":62},[48,86576,5387],{"class":99},[48,86578,1465],{"class":62},[48,86580,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86591,86593,86595,86597,86599,86601,86603],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86582,2232],{"class":54},[48,86584,59],{"class":58},[48,86586,4404],{"class":62},[48,86588,2972],{"class":281},[48,86590,151],{"class":62},[48,86592,611],{"class":137},[48,86594,4442],{"class":62},[48,86596,4659],{"class":116},[48,86598,4662],{"class":54},[48,86600,128],{"class":116},[48,86602,644],{"class":54},[48,86604,1465],{"class":62},[48,86606,86607,86609,86611,86613,86615,86617],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,86608,276],{"class":147},[48,86610,151],{"class":62},[48,86612,85211],{"class":147},[48,86614,151],{"class":62},[48,86616,2411],{"class":137},[48,86618,670],{"class":62},[20,86620,168],{},[39,86622,86623],{"className":41,"code":3728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,86624,86625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86626,86627],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86628,3728],{"class":99},[20,86630,86631,86632,134],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86633,3787],{},[1752,86635,86637],{"id":86636},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86639,86640],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[39,86642,86644],{"className":41,"code":86643,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86645,86646,86678],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86647,86648,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658,86660,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86649,4852],{"class":54},[48,86651,59],{"class":58},[48,86653,4404],{"class":62},[48,86655,67],{"class":66},[48,86657,80111],{"class":70},[48,86659,67],{"class":66},[48,86661,87],{"class":62},[48,86663,79],{"class":66},[48,86665,58317],{"class":70},[48,86667,67],{"class":66},[48,86669,87],{"class":62},[48,86671,79],{"class":66},[48,86673,80128],{"class":70},[48,86675,67],{"class":66},[48,86677,1465],{"class":62},[48,86679,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86681,276],{"class":147},[48,86683,151],{"class":62},[48,86685,85211],{"class":147},[48,86687,151],{"class":62},[48,86689,4894],{"class":137},[48,86691,670],{"class":62},[20,86693,168],{},[39,86695,86696],{"className":41,"code":85907,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,86697,86698],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86699,86700],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86701,85907],{"class":54},[20,86703,86704],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[39,86706,86708],{"className":41,"code":86707,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86709,86710,86742],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86711,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86713,4852],{"class":54},[48,86715,59],{"class":58},[48,86717,4404],{"class":62},[48,86719,67],{"class":66},[48,86721,80111],{"class":70},[48,86723,67],{"class":66},[48,86725,87],{"class":62},[48,86727,79],{"class":66},[48,86729,58317],{"class":70},[48,86731,67],{"class":66},[48,86733,87],{"class":62},[48,86735,79],{"class":66},[48,86737,80128],{"class":70},[48,86739,67],{"class":66},[48,86741,1465],{"class":62},[48,86743,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86745,276],{"class":147},[48,86747,151],{"class":62},[48,86749,85211],{"class":147},[48,86751,151],{"class":62},[48,86753,4894],{"class":137},[48,86755,87],{"class":62},[48,86757,120],{"class":9941},[48,86759,59],{"class":58},[48,86761,4223],{"class":281},[48,86763,134],{"class":62},[48,86765,9407],{"class":25281},[48,86767,670],{"class":62},[20,86769,168],{},[39,86771,86772],{"className":41,"code":85907,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,86773,86774],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86775,86776],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86777,85907],{"class":54},[20,86779,86780],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[34,86782,1545,86784],{"id":86783},"when-to-use-min",[15,86785,84786],{},[20,86787,189,86788,11355],{},[15,86789,84786],{},[209,86791,86792,86795,86800],{},[212,86793,86794],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[212,86796,86797,86798],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86799,154],{},[212,86801,86802],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86804,189,86805,86809],{},[348,86806,86807],{"href":75072},[15,86808,74975],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86811,189,86812,86817],{},[348,86813,86815],{"href":86814},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86816,83132],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[34,86819,1745],{"id":1744},[20,86821,84791],{},[209,86823,86824,86832,86835,86840,86847],{},[212,86825,86826,86827,86829,86830],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86828,84786],{}," without using ",[15,86831,83487],{},[212,86833,86834],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[212,86836,2015,86837,86839],{},[15,86838,84786],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[212,86841,5486,86842,86844,86845,85948],{},[15,86843,154],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86846,84786],{},[212,86848,9185,86849,86851],{},[15,86850,83487],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86853,86854,86855,86857],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86856,84786],{},", these quick checks can help:",[39,86859,86861],{"className":41,"code":86860,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86862,86863,86877,86887,86901,86915,86937],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86864,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86866,276],{"class":147},[48,86868,151],{"class":62},[48,86870,2094],{"class":281},[48,86872,151],{"class":62},[48,86874,679],{"class":137},[48,86876,670],{"class":62},[48,86878,86879,86881,86883,86885],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,86880,276],{"class":147},[48,86882,151],{"class":62},[48,86884,679],{"class":137},[48,86886,162],{"class":62},[48,86888,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,86890,276],{"class":147},[48,86892,151],{"class":62},[48,86894,11914],{"class":147},[48,86896,151],{"class":62},[48,86898,679],{"class":137},[48,86900,670],{"class":62},[48,86902,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,86904,276],{"class":147},[48,86906,151],{"class":62},[48,86908,85211],{"class":147},[48,86910,151],{"class":62},[48,86912,679],{"class":137},[48,86914,670],{"class":62},[48,86916,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,86918,276],{"class":147},[48,86920,151],{"class":62},[48,86922,85211],{"class":147},[48,86924,151],{"class":62},[48,86926,679],{"class":137},[48,86928,87],{"class":62},[48,86930,27055],{"class":9941},[48,86932,59],{"class":58},[48,86934,4560],{"class":1642},[48,86936,670],{"class":62},[48,86938,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,86940,276],{"class":147},[48,86942,151],{"class":62},[48,86944,85211],{"class":147},[48,86946,151],{"class":62},[48,86948,4894],{"class":137},[48,86950,87],{"class":62},[48,86952,120],{"class":9941},[48,86954,59],{"class":58},[48,86956,11914],{"class":147},[48,86958,670],{"class":62},[20,86960,86961,86962,86965,86966,86968],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86963,86964],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86967,679],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[34,86970,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,86972,5920,86974,2596],{"id":86973},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86975,84786],{},[20,86977,86978],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1752,86980,5947,86982,84967],{"id":86981},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86983,84786],{},[20,86985,86986],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1752,86988,72197],{"id":72196},[20,86990,86991,53042,86993,84979,86995,37161],{},[15,86992,84786],{},[15,86994,41246],{},[15,86996,83487],{},[1752,86998,5920,87000,87002,87003,2623],{"id":86999},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,87001,154],{}," do in ",[15,87004,84786],{},[20,87006,87007,87009,87010,87012],{},[15,87008,154],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,87011,84040],{}," compares strings by length.",[1752,87014,5957,87016,5174,87018,2623],{"id":87015},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,87017,84786],{},[15,87019,74975],{},[20,87021,87022,87024,87025,87027],{},[15,87023,84786],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,87026,74975],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[34,87029,2679],{"id":2678},[209,87031,87032,87038,87044,87050,87054,87058],{},[212,87033,87034],{},[348,87035,87036,4289],{"href":86814},[15,87037,83132],{},[212,87039,87040],{},[348,87041,87042,4289],{"href":75072},[15,87043,74975],{},[212,87045,87046],{},[348,87047,87048,4289],{"href":42901},[15,87049,42904],{},[212,87051,87052],{},[348,87053,80424],{"href":78927},[212,87055,87056],{},[348,87057,59505],{"href":59504},[212,87059,87060],{},[348,87061,66390],{"href":73429},[2711,87063,87064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":87066},[87067,87068,87070,87076,87078,87080,87085,87087,87093,87095,87096,87107],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":85270,"depth":106,"text":87069},"What min() does",{"id":85291,"depth":106,"text":85292,"children":87071},[87072,87073,87074,87075],{"id":85376,"depth":113,"text":85379},{"id":85438,"depth":113,"text":85441},{"id":85488,"depth":113,"text":85491},{"id":85582,"depth":113,"text":85585},{"id":85644,"depth":106,"text":87077},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85779,"depth":106,"text":87079},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85926,"depth":106,"text":87081,"children":87082},"Using min() with a key function",[87083,87084],{"id":85954,"depth":113,"text":85955},{"id":86029,"depth":113,"text":86030},{"id":86251,"depth":106,"text":87086},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11495,"depth":106,"text":11496,"children":87088},[87089,87091,87092],{"id":86393,"depth":113,"text":87090},"Empty list without default",{"id":86483,"depth":113,"text":86484},{"id":86636,"depth":113,"text":86637},{"id":86783,"depth":106,"text":87094},"When to use min()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":87097},[87098,87100,87102,87103,87105],{"id":86973,"depth":113,"text":87099},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86981,"depth":113,"text":87101},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72196,"depth":113,"text":72197},{"id":86999,"depth":113,"text":87104},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":87015,"depth":113,"text":87106},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85153,"description":87108},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":87115,"title":87116,"body":87117,"description":89296,"extension":2749,"meta":89297,"navigation":109,"path":89298,"seo":89299,"stem":89300,"__hash__":89301},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87118,"toc":89260},[87119,87122,87128,87134,87136,87217,87226,87230,87235,87237,87282,87284,87364,87370,87372,87375,87407,87409,87427,87429,87502,87504,87523,87527,87530,87566,87568,87635,87709,87782,87787,87791,87797,87800,87817,87820,87822,87883,87885,87905,87911,87915,87918,87988,87991,88010,88015,88091,88094,88098,88104,88108,88113,88183,88187,88192,88266,88270,88273,88348,88359,88363,88368,88458,88463,88531,88534,88553,88564,88568,88571,88576,88579,88641,88644,88655,88660,88663,88666,88671,88674,88677,88681,88684,88690,88693,88704,88706,88768,88783,88789,88792,88795,88806,88817,88823,88826,88828,88890,88900,88906,88911,88917,88921,88927,88930,88951,88953,88958,88985,88988,89015,89018,89057,89060,89098,89101,89162,89165,89167,89171,89174,89178,89184,89192,89200,89204,89207,89211,89217,89219,89257],[10,87120,87116],{"id":87121},"python-open-function-explained",[20,87123,87124,87127],{},[15,87125,87126],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,87129,87130,87131,87133],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,87132,87126],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[34,87135,37],{"id":36},[39,87137,87139],{"className":41,"code":87138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,87140,87141,87190,87206],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87142,87143,87146,87149,87151,87153,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87171,87173,87175,87178,87180,87182,87184,87188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87144,87145],{"class":116},"with",[48,87147,87148],{"class":147}," open",[48,87150,151],{"class":62},[48,87152,67],{"class":66},[48,87154,87155],{"class":70},"example.txt",[48,87157,67],{"class":66},[48,87159,87],{"class":62},[48,87161,79],{"class":66},[48,87163,61055],{"class":70},[48,87165,67],{"class":66},[48,87167,87],{"class":62},[48,87169,87170],{"class":9941}," encoding",[48,87172,59],{"class":58},[48,87174,67],{"class":66},[48,87176,87177],{"class":70},"utf-8",[48,87179,67],{"class":66},[48,87181,4442],{"class":62},[48,87183,47903],{"class":116},[48,87185,87187],{"class":87186},"sMMDD"," file",[48,87189,1053],{"class":62},[48,87191,87192,87195,87197,87199,87201,87204],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,87193,87194],{"class":54},"    content ",[48,87196,59],{"class":58},[48,87198,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87200,134],{"class":62},[48,87202,87203],{"class":137},"read",[48,87205,380],{"class":62},[48,87207,87208,87210,87212,87215],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,87209,148],{"class":147},[48,87211,151],{"class":62},[48,87213,87214],{"class":137},"content",[48,87216,162],{"class":62},[20,87218,189,87219,87221,87222,87225],{},[15,87220,87145],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,87223,87224],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[34,87227,87229],{"id":87228},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,87231,87232,87234],{},[15,87233,87126],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,87236,207],{},[209,87238,87239,87242,87247,87252],{},[212,87240,87241],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[212,87243,41448,87244,87246],{},[166,87245,5413],{}," read or write anything by itself",[212,87248,2599,87249],{},[166,87250,87251],{},"file object",[212,87253,87254,87255],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[209,87256,87257,87262,87267,87272,87277],{},[212,87258,87259],{},[15,87260,87261],{},"read()",[212,87263,87264],{},[15,87265,87266],{},"readline()",[212,87268,87269],{},[15,87270,87271],{},"readlines()",[212,87273,87274],{},[15,87275,87276],{},"write()",[212,87278,87279],{},[15,87280,87281],{},"close()",[20,87283,226],{},[39,87285,87287],{"className":41,"code":87286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87288,87289,87328,87343,87353],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87290,87291,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87292,87293],{"class":87186},"file",[48,87295,695],{"class":58},[48,87297,87148],{"class":147},[48,87299,151],{"class":62},[48,87301,67],{"class":66},[48,87303,87155],{"class":70},[48,87305,67],{"class":66},[48,87307,87],{"class":62},[48,87309,79],{"class":66},[48,87311,61055],{"class":70},[48,87313,67],{"class":66},[48,87315,87],{"class":62},[48,87317,87170],{"class":9941},[48,87319,59],{"class":58},[48,87321,67],{"class":66},[48,87323,87177],{"class":70},[48,87325,67],{"class":66},[48,87327,162],{"class":62},[48,87329,87330,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,87331,87332],{"class":54},"content ",[48,87334,59],{"class":58},[48,87336,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87338,134],{"class":62},[48,87340,87203],{"class":137},[48,87342,380],{"class":62},[48,87344,87345,87347,87349,87351],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,87346,276],{"class":147},[48,87348,151],{"class":62},[48,87350,87214],{"class":137},[48,87352,162],{"class":62},[48,87354,87355,87357,87359,87362],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,87356,87293],{"class":87186},[48,87358,134],{"class":62},[48,87360,87361],{"class":137},"close",[48,87363,380],{"class":62},[20,87365,87366,87367,87369],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87368,87145],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[34,87371,360],{"id":359},[20,87373,87374],{},"A common form is:",[39,87376,87378],{"className":41,"code":87377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87379,87380],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87381,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87383,42970],{"class":147},[48,87385,151],{"class":62},[48,87387,87293],{"class":87186},[48,87389,87],{"class":62},[48,87391,87392],{"class":137}," mode",[48,87394,87],{"class":62},[48,87396,87170],{"class":9941},[48,87398,59],{"class":58},[48,87400,67],{"class":66},[48,87402,87177],{"class":70},[48,87404,67],{"class":66},[48,87406,162],{"class":62},[20,87408,65596],{},[209,87410,87411,87416,87421],{},[212,87412,87413,87415],{},[15,87414,87293],{}," is the file name or file path",[212,87417,87418,87420],{},[15,87419,21636],{}," controls how the file is opened",[212,87422,87423,87426],{},[15,87424,87425],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87428,226],{},[39,87430,87432],{"className":41,"code":87431,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87433,87434,87477,87492],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87435,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87437,87145],{"class":116},[48,87439,87148],{"class":147},[48,87441,151],{"class":62},[48,87443,67],{"class":66},[48,87445,87446],{"class":70},"notes.txt",[48,87448,67],{"class":66},[48,87450,87],{"class":62},[48,87452,79],{"class":66},[48,87454,61055],{"class":70},[48,87456,67],{"class":66},[48,87458,87],{"class":62},[48,87460,87170],{"class":9941},[48,87462,59],{"class":58},[48,87464,67],{"class":66},[48,87466,87177],{"class":70},[48,87468,67],{"class":66},[48,87470,4442],{"class":62},[48,87472,47903],{"class":116},[48,87474,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87476,1053],{"class":62},[48,87478,87479,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,87480,87481],{"class":54},"    text ",[48,87483,59],{"class":58},[48,87485,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87487,134],{"class":62},[48,87489,87203],{"class":137},[48,87491,380],{"class":62},[48,87493,87494,87496,87498,87500],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,87495,148],{"class":147},[48,87497,151],{"class":62},[48,87499,35245],{"class":137},[48,87501,162],{"class":62},[20,87503,20676],{},[209,87505,87506,87512,87517],{},[212,87507,87508,87511],{},[15,87509,87510],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[212,87513,87514,87516],{},[15,87515,87224],{}," means open for reading",[212,87518,87519,87522],{},[15,87520,87521],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[34,87524,87526],{"id":87525},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87528,87529],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[209,87531,87532,87537,87543,87548,87554,87560],{},[212,87533,87534,87536],{},[15,87535,87224],{}," = read a text file",[212,87538,87539,87542],{},[15,87540,87541],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[212,87544,87545,87547],{},[15,87546,18819],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[212,87549,87550,87553],{},[15,87551,87552],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[212,87555,87556,87559],{},[15,87557,87558],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[212,87561,87562,87565],{},[15,87563,87564],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87567,2910],{},[39,87569,87571],{"className":41,"code":87570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87572,87573,87578,87621],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87574,87575],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87576,87577],{"class":4445},"# Read a text file\n",[48,87579,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,87581,87145],{"class":116},[48,87583,87148],{"class":147},[48,87585,151],{"class":62},[48,87587,67],{"class":66},[48,87589,87590],{"class":70},"data.txt",[48,87592,67],{"class":66},[48,87594,87],{"class":62},[48,87596,79],{"class":66},[48,87598,61055],{"class":70},[48,87600,67],{"class":66},[48,87602,87],{"class":62},[48,87604,87170],{"class":9941},[48,87606,59],{"class":58},[48,87608,67],{"class":66},[48,87610,87177],{"class":70},[48,87612,67],{"class":66},[48,87614,4442],{"class":62},[48,87616,47903],{"class":116},[48,87618,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87620,1053],{"class":62},[48,87622,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,87624,148],{"class":147},[48,87626,151],{"class":62},[48,87628,87293],{"class":87186},[48,87630,134],{"class":62},[48,87632,87203],{"class":137},[48,87634,1203],{"class":62},[39,87636,87638],{"className":41,"code":87637,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87639,87640,87645,87687],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87641,87642],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87643,87644],{"class":4445},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[48,87646,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,87648,87145],{"class":116},[48,87650,87148],{"class":147},[48,87652,151],{"class":62},[48,87654,67],{"class":66},[48,87656,87590],{"class":70},[48,87658,67],{"class":66},[48,87660,87],{"class":62},[48,87662,79],{"class":66},[48,87664,61038],{"class":70},[48,87666,67],{"class":66},[48,87668,87],{"class":62},[48,87670,87170],{"class":9941},[48,87672,59],{"class":58},[48,87674,67],{"class":66},[48,87676,87177],{"class":70},[48,87678,67],{"class":66},[48,87680,4442],{"class":62},[48,87682,47903],{"class":116},[48,87684,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87686,1053],{"class":62},[48,87688,87689,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87705,87707],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,87690,87691],{"class":87186},"    file",[48,87693,134],{"class":62},[48,87695,70746],{"class":137},[48,87697,151],{"class":62},[48,87699,67],{"class":66},[48,87701,35404],{"class":70},[48,87703,87704],{"class":34989},"\\n",[48,87706,67],{"class":66},[48,87708,162],{"class":62},[39,87710,87712],{"className":41,"code":87711,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87713,87714,87719,87761],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87715,87716],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87717,87718],{"class":4445},"# Append to a text file\n",[48,87720,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,87722,87145],{"class":116},[48,87724,87148],{"class":147},[48,87726,151],{"class":62},[48,87728,67],{"class":66},[48,87730,87590],{"class":70},[48,87732,67],{"class":66},[48,87734,87],{"class":62},[48,87736,79],{"class":66},[48,87738,348],{"class":70},[48,87740,67],{"class":66},[48,87742,87],{"class":62},[48,87744,87170],{"class":9941},[48,87746,59],{"class":58},[48,87748,67],{"class":66},[48,87750,87177],{"class":70},[48,87752,67],{"class":66},[48,87754,4442],{"class":62},[48,87756,47903],{"class":116},[48,87758,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87760,1053],{"class":62},[48,87762,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87776,87778,87780],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,87764,87691],{"class":87186},[48,87766,134],{"class":62},[48,87768,70746],{"class":137},[48,87770,151],{"class":62},[48,87772,67],{"class":66},[48,87774,87775],{"class":70},"Another line",[48,87777,87704],{"class":34989},[48,87779,67],{"class":66},[48,87781,162],{"class":62},[20,87783,69898,87784,87786],{},[15,87785,87541],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[34,87788,87790],{"id":87789},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87792,87793,573,87795,134],{},[15,87794,87126],{},[166,87796,87251],{},[20,87798,87799],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[209,87801,87802,87807,87812],{},[212,87803,87804],{},[15,87805,87806],{},"file.read()",[212,87808,87809],{},[15,87810,87811],{},"file.write()",[212,87813,87814],{},[15,87815,87816],{},"file.close()",[20,87818,87819],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87821,226],{},[39,87823,87825],{"className":41,"code":87824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87826,87827,87869],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87828,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87830,87145],{"class":116},[48,87832,87148],{"class":147},[48,87834,151],{"class":62},[48,87836,67],{"class":66},[48,87838,87155],{"class":70},[48,87840,67],{"class":66},[48,87842,87],{"class":62},[48,87844,79],{"class":66},[48,87846,61055],{"class":70},[48,87848,67],{"class":66},[48,87850,87],{"class":62},[48,87852,87170],{"class":9941},[48,87854,59],{"class":58},[48,87856,67],{"class":66},[48,87858,87177],{"class":70},[48,87860,67],{"class":66},[48,87862,4442],{"class":62},[48,87864,47903],{"class":116},[48,87866,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87868,1053],{"class":62},[48,87870,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,87872,148],{"class":147},[48,87874,151],{"class":62},[48,87876,2094],{"class":281},[48,87878,151],{"class":62},[48,87880,87293],{"class":87186},[48,87882,670],{"class":62},[20,87884,30563],{},[39,87886,87888],{"className":41,"code":87887,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87889,87890],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87891,87892,87894,87896,87898,87901,87903],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87893,2168],{"class":58},[48,87895,2171],{"class":915},[48,87897,320],{"class":66},[48,87899,87900],{"class":70},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[48,87902,311],{"class":66},[48,87904,2180],{"class":58},[20,87906,87907,87908,87910],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87909,87126],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[34,87912,87914],{"id":87913},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87916,87917],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[39,87919,87920],{"className":41,"code":87138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,87921,87922,87964,87978],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87923,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87925,87145],{"class":116},[48,87927,87148],{"class":147},[48,87929,151],{"class":62},[48,87931,67],{"class":66},[48,87933,87155],{"class":70},[48,87935,67],{"class":66},[48,87937,87],{"class":62},[48,87939,79],{"class":66},[48,87941,61055],{"class":70},[48,87943,67],{"class":66},[48,87945,87],{"class":62},[48,87947,87170],{"class":9941},[48,87949,59],{"class":58},[48,87951,67],{"class":66},[48,87953,87177],{"class":70},[48,87955,67],{"class":66},[48,87957,4442],{"class":62},[48,87959,47903],{"class":116},[48,87961,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87963,1053],{"class":62},[48,87965,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,87967,87194],{"class":54},[48,87969,59],{"class":58},[48,87971,87187],{"class":87186},[48,87973,134],{"class":62},[48,87975,87203],{"class":137},[48,87977,380],{"class":62},[48,87979,87980,87982,87984,87986],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,87981,148],{"class":147},[48,87983,151],{"class":62},[48,87985,87214],{"class":137},[48,87987,162],{"class":62},[20,87989,87990],{},"Why this is recommended:",[209,87992,87993,87998,88004,88007],{},[212,87994,87995,87997],{},[15,87996,87145],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[212,87999,88000,88001,88003],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,88002,87281],{}," yourself",[212,88005,88006],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[212,88008,88009],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,88011,84303,88012,88014],{},[15,88013,87145],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[39,88016,88017],{"className":41,"code":87286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,88018,88019,88057,88071,88081],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88020,88021,88023,88025,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88022,87293],{"class":87186},[48,88024,695],{"class":58},[48,88026,87148],{"class":147},[48,88028,151],{"class":62},[48,88030,67],{"class":66},[48,88032,87155],{"class":70},[48,88034,67],{"class":66},[48,88036,87],{"class":62},[48,88038,79],{"class":66},[48,88040,61055],{"class":70},[48,88042,67],{"class":66},[48,88044,87],{"class":62},[48,88046,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88048,59],{"class":58},[48,88050,67],{"class":66},[48,88052,87177],{"class":70},[48,88054,67],{"class":66},[48,88056,162],{"class":62},[48,88058,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88060,87332],{"class":54},[48,88062,59],{"class":58},[48,88064,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88066,134],{"class":62},[48,88068,87203],{"class":137},[48,88070,380],{"class":62},[48,88072,88073,88075,88077,88079],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,88074,276],{"class":147},[48,88076,151],{"class":62},[48,88078,87214],{"class":137},[48,88080,162],{"class":62},[48,88082,88083,88085,88087,88089],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,88084,87293],{"class":87186},[48,88086,134],{"class":62},[48,88088,87361],{"class":137},[48,88090,380],{"class":62},[20,88092,88093],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[34,88095,88097],{"id":88096},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,88099,88100,88101,88103],{},"Use mode ",[15,88102,87224],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1752,88105,88107],{"id":88106},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,88109,88110,88112],{},[15,88111,87261],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[39,88114,88115],{"className":41,"code":87138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,88116,88117,88159,88173],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88118,88119,88121,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88120,87145],{"class":116},[48,88122,87148],{"class":147},[48,88124,151],{"class":62},[48,88126,67],{"class":66},[48,88128,87155],{"class":70},[48,88130,67],{"class":66},[48,88132,87],{"class":62},[48,88134,79],{"class":66},[48,88136,61055],{"class":70},[48,88138,67],{"class":66},[48,88140,87],{"class":62},[48,88142,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88144,59],{"class":58},[48,88146,67],{"class":66},[48,88148,87177],{"class":70},[48,88150,67],{"class":66},[48,88152,4442],{"class":62},[48,88154,47903],{"class":116},[48,88156,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88158,1053],{"class":62},[48,88160,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88162,87194],{"class":54},[48,88164,59],{"class":58},[48,88166,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88168,134],{"class":62},[48,88170,87203],{"class":137},[48,88172,380],{"class":62},[48,88174,88175,88177,88179,88181],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,88176,148],{"class":147},[48,88178,151],{"class":62},[48,88180,87214],{"class":137},[48,88182,162],{"class":62},[1752,88184,88186],{"id":88185},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,88188,88189,88191],{},[15,88190,87266],{}," reads one line at a time.",[39,88193,88195],{"className":41,"code":88194,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,88196,88197,88239,88255],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88198,88199,88201,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88200,87145],{"class":116},[48,88202,87148],{"class":147},[48,88204,151],{"class":62},[48,88206,67],{"class":66},[48,88208,87155],{"class":70},[48,88210,67],{"class":66},[48,88212,87],{"class":62},[48,88214,79],{"class":66},[48,88216,61055],{"class":70},[48,88218,67],{"class":66},[48,88220,87],{"class":62},[48,88222,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88224,59],{"class":58},[48,88226,67],{"class":66},[48,88228,87177],{"class":70},[48,88230,67],{"class":66},[48,88232,4442],{"class":62},[48,88234,47903],{"class":116},[48,88236,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88238,1053],{"class":62},[48,88240,88241,88244,88246,88248,88250,88253],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88242,88243],{"class":54},"    first_line ",[48,88245,59],{"class":58},[48,88247,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88249,134],{"class":62},[48,88251,88252],{"class":137},"readline",[48,88254,380],{"class":62},[48,88256,88257,88259,88261,88264],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,88258,148],{"class":147},[48,88260,151],{"class":62},[48,88262,88263],{"class":137},"first_line",[48,88265,162],{"class":62},[1752,88267,88269],{"id":88268},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,88271,88272],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[39,88274,88276],{"className":41,"code":88275,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88277,88278,88320,88334],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88279,88280,88282,88284,88286,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88281,87145],{"class":116},[48,88283,87148],{"class":147},[48,88285,151],{"class":62},[48,88287,67],{"class":66},[48,88289,87155],{"class":70},[48,88291,67],{"class":66},[48,88293,87],{"class":62},[48,88295,79],{"class":66},[48,88297,61055],{"class":70},[48,88299,67],{"class":66},[48,88301,87],{"class":62},[48,88303,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88305,59],{"class":58},[48,88307,67],{"class":66},[48,88309,87177],{"class":70},[48,88311,67],{"class":66},[48,88313,4442],{"class":62},[48,88315,47903],{"class":116},[48,88317,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88319,1053],{"class":62},[48,88321,88322,88325,88328,88330,88332],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88323,88324],{"class":116},"    for",[48,88326,88327],{"class":54}," line ",[48,88329,128],{"class":116},[48,88331,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88333,1053],{"class":62},[48,88335,88336,88338,88340,88342,88344,88346],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,88337,47883],{"class":147},[48,88339,151],{"class":62},[48,88341,50],{"class":137},[48,88343,134],{"class":62},[48,88345,9401],{"class":137},[48,88347,1203],{"class":62},[20,88349,88350,88351,352,88355,134],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[348,88352,88354],{"href":88353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[348,88356,88358],{"href":88357},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[34,88360,88362],{"id":88361},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88364,189,88365,88367],{},[15,88366,87541],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[39,88369,88371],{"className":41,"code":88370,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88372,88373,88416,88437],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88374,88375,88377,88379,88381,88383,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88412,88414],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88376,87145],{"class":116},[48,88378,87148],{"class":147},[48,88380,151],{"class":62},[48,88382,67],{"class":66},[48,88384,88385],{"class":70},"output.txt",[48,88387,67],{"class":66},[48,88389,87],{"class":62},[48,88391,79],{"class":66},[48,88393,61038],{"class":70},[48,88395,67],{"class":66},[48,88397,87],{"class":62},[48,88399,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88401,59],{"class":58},[48,88403,67],{"class":66},[48,88405,87177],{"class":70},[48,88407,67],{"class":66},[48,88409,4442],{"class":62},[48,88411,47903],{"class":116},[48,88413,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88415,1053],{"class":62},[48,88417,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88431,88433,88435],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88419,87691],{"class":87186},[48,88421,134],{"class":62},[48,88423,70746],{"class":137},[48,88425,151],{"class":62},[48,88427,67],{"class":66},[48,88429,88430],{"class":70},"First line",[48,88432,87704],{"class":34989},[48,88434,67],{"class":66},[48,88436,162],{"class":62},[48,88438,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88452,88454,88456],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,88440,87691],{"class":87186},[48,88442,134],{"class":62},[48,88444,70746],{"class":137},[48,88446,151],{"class":62},[48,88448,67],{"class":66},[48,88450,88451],{"class":70},"Second line",[48,88453,87704],{"class":34989},[48,88455,67],{"class":66},[48,88457,162],{"class":62},[20,88459,189,88460,88462],{},[15,88461,18819],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[39,88464,88466],{"className":41,"code":88465,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88467,88468,88510],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88469,88470,88472,88474,88476,88478,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502,88504,88506,88508],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88471,87145],{"class":116},[48,88473,87148],{"class":147},[48,88475,151],{"class":62},[48,88477,67],{"class":66},[48,88479,88385],{"class":70},[48,88481,67],{"class":66},[48,88483,87],{"class":62},[48,88485,79],{"class":66},[48,88487,348],{"class":70},[48,88489,67],{"class":66},[48,88491,87],{"class":62},[48,88493,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88495,59],{"class":58},[48,88497,67],{"class":66},[48,88499,87177],{"class":70},[48,88501,67],{"class":66},[48,88503,4442],{"class":62},[48,88505,47903],{"class":116},[48,88507,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88509,1053],{"class":62},[48,88511,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522,88525,88527,88529],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88513,87691],{"class":87186},[48,88515,134],{"class":62},[48,88517,70746],{"class":137},[48,88519,151],{"class":62},[48,88521,67],{"class":66},[48,88523,88524],{"class":70},"Third line",[48,88526,87704],{"class":34989},[48,88528,67],{"class":66},[48,88530,162],{"class":62},[20,88532,88533],{},"Important detail:",[209,88535,88536,88541,88548],{},[212,88537,88538,88540],{},[15,88539,87276],{}," writes a string",[212,88542,88543,14784,88545,88547],{},[15,88544,87276],{},[166,88546,5413],{}," add a newline for you",[212,88549,88550,88551,88003],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88552,87704],{},[20,88554,88555,88556,352,88560,134],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[348,88557,88559],{"href":88558},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[348,88561,88563],{"href":88562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[34,88565,88567],{"id":88566},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88569,88570],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1752,88572,88574],{"id":88573},"encodingutf-8",[15,88575,87521],{},[20,88577,88578],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[39,88580,88582],{"className":41,"code":88581,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88583,88584,88627],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88585,88586,88588,88590,88592,88594,88597,88599,88601,88603,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615,88617,88619,88621,88623,88625],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88587,87145],{"class":116},[48,88589,87148],{"class":147},[48,88591,151],{"class":62},[48,88593,67],{"class":66},[48,88595,88596],{"class":70},"message.txt",[48,88598,67],{"class":66},[48,88600,87],{"class":62},[48,88602,79],{"class":66},[48,88604,61055],{"class":70},[48,88606,67],{"class":66},[48,88608,87],{"class":62},[48,88610,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88612,59],{"class":58},[48,88614,67],{"class":66},[48,88616,87177],{"class":70},[48,88618,67],{"class":66},[48,88620,4442],{"class":62},[48,88622,47903],{"class":116},[48,88624,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88626,1053],{"class":62},[48,88628,88629,88631,88633,88635,88637,88639],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88630,148],{"class":147},[48,88632,151],{"class":62},[48,88634,87293],{"class":87186},[48,88636,134],{"class":62},[48,88638,87203],{"class":137},[48,88640,1203],{"class":62},[20,88642,88643],{},"Why it matters:",[209,88645,88646,88649,88652],{},[212,88647,88648],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[212,88650,88651],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[212,88653,88654],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1752,88656,88658],{"id":88657},"newline",[15,88659,88657],{},[20,88661,88662],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88664,88665],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1752,88667,88669],{"id":88668},"buffering",[15,88670,88668],{},[20,88672,88673],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88675,88676],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[34,88678,88680],{"id":88679},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88682,88683],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1752,88685,88687],{"id":88686},"filenotfounderror",[15,88688,88689],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88691,88692],{},"This happens when:",[209,88694,88695,88698,88701],{},[212,88696,88697],{},"the file does not exist",[212,88699,88700],{},"the path is wrong",[212,88702,88703],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88705,226],{},[39,88707,88709],{"className":41,"code":88708,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88710,88711,88754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88712,88713,88715,88717,88719,88721,88724,88726,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736,88738,88740,88742,88744,88746,88748,88750,88752],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88714,87145],{"class":116},[48,88716,87148],{"class":147},[48,88718,151],{"class":62},[48,88720,67],{"class":66},[48,88722,88723],{"class":70},"missing.txt",[48,88725,67],{"class":66},[48,88727,87],{"class":62},[48,88729,79],{"class":66},[48,88731,61055],{"class":70},[48,88733,67],{"class":66},[48,88735,87],{"class":62},[48,88737,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88739,59],{"class":58},[48,88741,67],{"class":66},[48,88743,87177],{"class":70},[48,88745,67],{"class":66},[48,88747,4442],{"class":62},[48,88749,47903],{"class":116},[48,88751,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88753,1053],{"class":62},[48,88755,88756,88758,88760,88762,88764,88766],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88757,148],{"class":147},[48,88759,151],{"class":62},[48,88761,87293],{"class":87186},[48,88763,134],{"class":62},[48,88765,87203],{"class":137},[48,88767,1203],{"class":62},[20,88769,88770,88771,5174,88779,134],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[348,88772,88774,88775,88778],{"href":88773},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[48,88776,88777],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[348,88780,88782],{"href":88781},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1752,88784,88786],{"id":88785},"permissionerror",[15,88787,88788],{},"PermissionError",[20,88790,88791],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88793,88794],{},"Example causes:",[209,88796,88797,88800,88803],{},[212,88798,88799],{},"the file is protected",[212,88801,88802],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[212,88804,88805],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88807,88808,88809],{},"Related page: ",[348,88810,88812,88813,88816],{"href":88811},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[48,88814,88815],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1752,88818,88820],{"id":88819},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88821,88822],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88824,88825],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88827,226],{},[39,88829,88831],{"className":41,"code":88830,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88832,88833,88876],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88834,88835,88837,88839,88841,88843,88846,88848,88850,88852,88854,88856,88858,88860,88862,88864,88866,88868,88870,88872,88874],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88836,87145],{"class":116},[48,88838,87148],{"class":147},[48,88840,151],{"class":62},[48,88842,67],{"class":66},[48,88844,88845],{"class":70},"my_folder",[48,88847,67],{"class":66},[48,88849,87],{"class":62},[48,88851,79],{"class":66},[48,88853,61055],{"class":70},[48,88855,67],{"class":66},[48,88857,87],{"class":62},[48,88859,87170],{"class":9941},[48,88861,59],{"class":58},[48,88863,67],{"class":66},[48,88865,87177],{"class":70},[48,88867,67],{"class":66},[48,88869,4442],{"class":62},[48,88871,47903],{"class":116},[48,88873,87187],{"class":87186},[48,88875,1053],{"class":62},[48,88877,88878,88880,88882,88884,88886,88888],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,88879,148],{"class":147},[48,88881,151],{"class":62},[48,88883,87293],{"class":87186},[48,88885,134],{"class":62},[48,88887,87203],{"class":137},[48,88889,1203],{"class":62},[20,88891,88808,88892],{},[348,88893,88895,88896,88899],{"href":88894},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[48,88897,88898],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1752,88901,88903],{"id":88902},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88904,88905],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88907,88908,88909,134],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88910,87126],{},[20,88912,88808,88913],{},[348,88914,88916],{"href":88915},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[34,88918,88920],{"id":88919},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88922,88923,88924,88926],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88925,87126],{}," function.",[20,88928,88929],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[209,88931,88932,88935,88938,88944],{},[212,88933,88934],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[212,88936,88937],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[212,88939,88940,88941,88943],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88942,87126],{}," itself",[212,88945,88946,88947],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[348,88948,88950],{"href":88949},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[34,88952,1745],{"id":1744},[20,88954,88955,88956,76],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88957,87126],{},[209,88959,88960,88965,88971,88976,88979,88982],{},[212,88961,9185,88962,88964],{},[15,88963,87224],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[212,88966,88967,88968,88970],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88969,87425],{}," for text files",[212,88972,9185,88973,88975],{},[15,88974,87541],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[212,88977,88978],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[212,88980,88981],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[212,88983,88984],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88986,88987],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[39,88989,88991],{"className":41,"code":88990,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88992,88993,89000],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88994,88995,88997],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88996,35628],{"class":116},[48,88998,88999],{"class":54}," os\n",[48,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89013],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89003,276],{"class":147},[48,89005,151],{"class":62},[48,89007,43169],{"class":137},[48,89009,134],{"class":62},[48,89011,89012],{"class":137},"getcwd",[48,89014,1203],{"class":62},[20,89016,89017],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[39,89019,89021],{"className":41,"code":89020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89022,89023,89029],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89024,89025,89027],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89026,35628],{"class":116},[48,89028,88999],{"class":54},[48,89030,89031,89033,89035,89037,89039,89042,89044,89047,89049,89051,89053,89055],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89032,276],{"class":147},[48,89034,151],{"class":62},[48,89036,43169],{"class":137},[48,89038,134],{"class":62},[48,89040,89041],{"class":25281},"path",[48,89043,134],{"class":62},[48,89045,89046],{"class":137},"exists",[48,89048,151],{"class":62},[48,89050,67],{"class":66},[48,89052,87155],{"class":70},[48,89054,67],{"class":66},[48,89056,670],{"class":62},[20,89058,89059],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[39,89061,89063],{"className":41,"code":89062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89064,89065,89071],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89066,89067,89069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89068,35628],{"class":116},[48,89070,88999],{"class":54},[48,89072,89073,89075,89077,89079,89081,89083,89085,89088,89090,89092,89094,89096],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89074,276],{"class":147},[48,89076,151],{"class":62},[48,89078,43169],{"class":137},[48,89080,134],{"class":62},[48,89082,89041],{"class":25281},[48,89084,134],{"class":62},[48,89086,89087],{"class":137},"isfile",[48,89089,151],{"class":62},[48,89091,67],{"class":66},[48,89093,87155],{"class":70},[48,89095,67],{"class":66},[48,89097,670],{"class":62},[20,89099,89100],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[39,89102,89104],{"className":41,"code":89103,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89105,89106,89148],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89107,89108,89110,89112,89114,89116,89118,89120,89122,89124,89126,89128,89130,89132,89134,89136,89138,89140,89142,89144,89146],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89109,87145],{"class":116},[48,89111,87148],{"class":147},[48,89113,151],{"class":62},[48,89115,67],{"class":66},[48,89117,87155],{"class":70},[48,89119,67],{"class":66},[48,89121,87],{"class":62},[48,89123,79],{"class":66},[48,89125,61055],{"class":70},[48,89127,67],{"class":66},[48,89129,87],{"class":62},[48,89131,87170],{"class":9941},[48,89133,59],{"class":58},[48,89135,67],{"class":66},[48,89137,87177],{"class":70},[48,89139,67],{"class":66},[48,89141,4442],{"class":62},[48,89143,47903],{"class":116},[48,89145,87187],{"class":87186},[48,89147,1053],{"class":62},[48,89149,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158,89160],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89151,148],{"class":147},[48,89153,151],{"class":62},[48,89155,87293],{"class":87186},[48,89157,134],{"class":62},[48,89159,87203],{"class":137},[48,89161,1203],{"class":62},[20,89163,89164],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[34,89166,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,89168,89170],{"id":89169},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,89172,89173],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1752,89175,89177],{"id":89176},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,89179,89180,89181,89183],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,89182,87145],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1752,89185,5957,89187,5174,89189,89191],{"id":89186},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,89188,87541],{},[15,89190,18819],{}," mode?",[20,89193,89194,89196,89197,89199],{},[15,89195,87541],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,89198,18819],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1752,89201,89203],{"id":89202},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,89205,89206],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1752,89208,89210],{"id":89209},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,89212,89213,89214,89216],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,89215,87521],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[34,89218,2679],{"id":2678},[209,89220,89221,89225,89229,89233,89237,89241,89245,89251],{},[212,89222,89223],{},[348,89224,88354],{"href":88353},[212,89226,89227],{},[348,89228,88559],{"href":88558},[212,89230,89231],{},[348,89232,88563],{"href":88562},[212,89234,89235],{},[348,89236,88358],{"href":88357},[212,89238,89239],{},[348,89240,88950],{"href":88949},[212,89242,89243],{},[348,89244,88782],{"href":88781},[212,89246,89247],{},[348,89248,88774,89249,88778],{"href":88773},[48,89250,88777],{},[212,89252,89253],{},[348,89254,88812,89255,88816],{"href":88811},[48,89256,88815],{},[2711,89258,89259],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":89261},[89262,89263,89264,89265,89266,89267,89268,89273,89274,89279,89285,89286,89287,89295],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":87228,"depth":106,"text":87229},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":87525,"depth":106,"text":87526},{"id":87789,"depth":106,"text":87790},{"id":87913,"depth":106,"text":87914},{"id":88096,"depth":106,"text":88097,"children":89269},[89270,89271,89272],{"id":88106,"depth":113,"text":88107},{"id":88185,"depth":113,"text":88186},{"id":88268,"depth":113,"text":88269},{"id":88361,"depth":106,"text":88362},{"id":88566,"depth":106,"text":88567,"children":89275},[89276,89277,89278],{"id":88573,"depth":113,"text":87521},{"id":88657,"depth":113,"text":88657},{"id":88668,"depth":113,"text":88668},{"id":88679,"depth":106,"text":88680,"children":89280},[89281,89282,89283,89284],{"id":88686,"depth":113,"text":88689},{"id":88785,"depth":113,"text":88788},{"id":88819,"depth":113,"text":88822},{"id":88902,"depth":113,"text":88905},{"id":88919,"depth":106,"text":88920},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":89288},[89289,89290,89291,89293,89294],{"id":89169,"depth":113,"text":89170},{"id":89176,"depth":113,"text":89177},{"id":89186,"depth":113,"text":89292},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89202,"depth":113,"text":89203},{"id":89209,"depth":113,"text":89210},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":87116,"description":89296},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89303,"title":89304,"body":89305,"description":91300,"extension":2749,"meta":91301,"navigation":109,"path":91302,"seo":91303,"stem":91304,"__hash__":91305},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89306,"toc":91247},[89307,89312,89317,89323,89325,89393,89395,89414,89419,89424,89429,89432,89444,89446,89489,89491,89509,89520,89522,89524,89549,89551,89562,89564,89624,89626,89652,89655,89659,89664,89668,89671,89705,89709,89712,89737,89741,89764,89768,89801,89806,89810,89815,89818,89886,89888,89912,89917,89920,89951,89953,89985,90002,90006,90011,90035,90042,90047,90052,90055,90059,90094,90096,90105,90109,90200,90202,90233,90238,90245,90250,90259,90262,90296,90298,90312,90316,90357,90359,90368,90372,90420,90422,90436,90441,90452,90459,90465,90467,90502,90504,90518,90521,90543,90549,90578,90589,90595,90601,90615,90617,90696,90698,90748,90755,90757,90762,90766,90769,90784,90789,90791,90810,90816,90819,90834,90836,90854,90860,90865,90895,90898,90921,90924,90951,90958,90964,90972,90995,91000,91008,91010,91030,91034,91040,91090,91093,91115,91117,91123,91131,91137,91143,91151,91156,91160,91163,91186,91191,91198,91210,91212,91244],[10,89308,4356,89310,4360],{"id":89309},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89311,46997],{},[20,89313,32852,89314,89316],{},[15,89315,46997],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89318,89319,89320,89322],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89321,46997],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[34,89324,37],{"id":36},[39,89326,89328],{"className":41,"code":89327,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89329,89330,89342,89351,89355,89365,89375],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89331,89332,89334,89336,89338,89340],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89333,8645],{"class":54},[48,89335,59],{"class":58},[48,89337,79],{"class":66},[48,89339,846],{"class":70},[48,89341,4138],{"class":66},[48,89343,89344,89346,89348],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89345,183],{"class":54},[48,89347,59],{"class":58},[48,89349,89350],{"class":99}," 12\n",[48,89352,89353],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,89354,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,89356,89357,89359,89361,89363],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,89358,276],{"class":147},[48,89360,151],{"class":62},[48,89362,71],{"class":137},[48,89364,162],{"class":62},[48,89366,89367,89369,89371,89373],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,89368,276],{"class":147},[48,89370,151],{"class":62},[48,89372,92],{"class":137},[48,89374,162],{"class":62},[48,89376,89377,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387,89389,89391],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,89378,276],{"class":147},[48,89380,151],{"class":62},[48,89382,67],{"class":66},[48,89384,35404],{"class":70},[48,89386,67],{"class":66},[48,89388,87],{"class":62},[48,89390,36530],{"class":137},[48,89392,162],{"class":62},[20,89394,168],{},[39,89396,89398],{"className":41,"code":89397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89399,89400,89405,89409],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89401,89402],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89403,89404],{"class":54},"Mia\n",[48,89406,89407],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89408,3009],{"class":99},[48,89410,89411],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,89412,89413],{"class":54},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89415,189,89416,89418],{},[15,89417,46997],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[34,89420,196,89422,199],{"id":89421},"what-print-does",[15,89423,46997],{},[20,89425,89426,89428],{},[15,89427,46997],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89430,89431],{},"You can use it to display:",[209,89433,89434,89436,89438,89441],{},[212,89435,35245],{},[212,89437,2411],{},[212,89439,89440],{},"variables",[212,89442,89443],{},"expressions",[20,89445,226],{},[39,89447,89449],{"className":41,"code":89448,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89450,89451,89465,89475],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89452,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89463],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89454,276],{"class":147},[48,89456,151],{"class":62},[48,89458,67],{"class":66},[48,89460,35404],{"class":70},[48,89462,67],{"class":66},[48,89464,162],{"class":62},[48,89466,89467,89469,89471,89473],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89468,276],{"class":147},[48,89470,151],{"class":62},[48,89472,2921],{"class":99},[48,89474,162],{"class":62},[48,89476,89477,89479,89481,89483,89485,89487],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,89478,276],{"class":147},[48,89480,151],{"class":62},[48,89482,2842],{"class":99},[48,89484,3238],{"class":58},[48,89486,800],{"class":99},[48,89488,162],{"class":62},[20,89490,168],{},[39,89492,89494],{"className":41,"code":89493,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89495,89496,89501,89505],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89497,89498],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89499,89500],{"class":54},"Hello\n",[48,89502,89503],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89504,3728],{"class":99},[48,89506,89507],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,89508,3728],{"class":99},[20,89510,89511,89512,89514,89515,89519],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89513,46997],{}," ",[166,89516,4473,89517],{},[15,89518,4560],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[34,89521,360],{"id":359},[20,89523,31259],{},[39,89525,89527],{"className":41,"code":89526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89528,89529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89530,89531,89533,89535,89538,89540,89543,89545,89547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89532,276],{"class":147},[48,89534,151],{"class":62},[48,89536,89537],{"class":137},"object1",[48,89539,87],{"class":62},[48,89541,89542],{"class":137}," object2",[48,89544,87],{"class":62},[48,89546,34990],{"class":147},[48,89548,162],{"class":62},[20,89550,80754],{},[209,89552,89553,89556,89559],{},[212,89554,89555],{},"one value",[212,89557,89558],{},"many values",[212,89560,89561],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89563,226],{},[39,89565,89567],{"className":41,"code":89566,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89568,89569,89583,89602],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89570,89571,89573,89575,89577,89579,89581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89572,276],{"class":147},[48,89574,151],{"class":62},[48,89576,67],{"class":66},[48,89578,58317],{"class":70},[48,89580,67],{"class":66},[48,89582,162],{"class":62},[48,89584,89585,89587,89589,89591,89594,89596,89598,89600],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89586,276],{"class":147},[48,89588,151],{"class":62},[48,89590,67],{"class":66},[48,89592,89593],{"class":70},"Score:",[48,89595,67],{"class":66},[48,89597,87],{"class":62},[48,89599,2493],{"class":99},[48,89601,162],{"class":62},[48,89603,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,89605,276],{"class":147},[48,89607,151],{"class":62},[48,89609,67],{"class":66},[48,89611,46108],{"class":70},[48,89613,67],{"class":66},[48,89615,87],{"class":62},[48,89617,3241],{"class":99},[48,89619,3238],{"class":58},[48,89621,38184],{"class":99},[48,89623,162],{"class":62},[20,89625,168],{},[39,89627,89629],{"className":41,"code":89628,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89630,89631,89635,89644],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89632,89633],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89634,85907],{"class":54},[48,89636,89637,89640,89642],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89638,89639],{"class":54},"Score",[48,89641,76],{"class":62},[48,89643,3370],{"class":99},[48,89645,89646,89648,89650],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,89647,46148],{"class":54},[48,89649,76],{"class":62},[48,89651,3370],{"class":99},[20,89653,89654],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[34,89656,89658],{"id":89657},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89660,89661,89662,134],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89663,46997],{},[1752,89665,89667],{"id":89666},"print-text","Print text",[20,89669,89670],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[39,89672,89674],{"className":41,"code":89673,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89675,89676,89690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89677,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686,89688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89679,276],{"class":147},[48,89681,151],{"class":62},[48,89683,67],{"class":66},[48,89685,35404],{"class":70},[48,89687,67],{"class":66},[48,89689,162],{"class":62},[48,89691,89692,89694,89696,89698,89701,89703],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89693,276],{"class":147},[48,89695,151],{"class":62},[48,89697,67],{"class":66},[48,89699,89700],{"class":70},"Python is fun",[48,89702,67],{"class":66},[48,89704,162],{"class":62},[1752,89706,89708],{"id":89707},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89710,89711],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[39,89713,89715],{"className":41,"code":89714,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89716,89717,89727],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89718,89719,89721,89723,89725],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89720,276],{"class":147},[48,89722,151],{"class":62},[48,89724,2921],{"class":99},[48,89726,162],{"class":62},[48,89728,89729,89731,89733,89735],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89730,276],{"class":147},[48,89732,151],{"class":62},[48,89734,40685],{"class":99},[48,89736,162],{"class":62},[1752,89738,89740],{"id":89739},"print-variables","Print variables",[39,89742,89744],{"className":41,"code":89743,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89745,89746,89754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89747,89748,89750,89752],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89749,5874],{"class":54},[48,89751,59],{"class":58},[48,89753,14861],{"class":99},[48,89755,89756,89758,89760,89762],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89757,276],{"class":147},[48,89759,151],{"class":62},[48,89761,86071],{"class":137},[48,89763,162],{"class":62},[1752,89765,89767],{"id":89766},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[39,89769,89771],{"className":41,"code":89770,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89772,89773,89787],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89774,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89776,276],{"class":147},[48,89778,151],{"class":62},[48,89780,2842],{"class":99},[48,89782,3238],{"class":58},[48,89784,800],{"class":99},[48,89786,162],{"class":62},[48,89788,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89790,276],{"class":147},[48,89792,151],{"class":62},[48,89794,3114],{"class":99},[48,89796,83383],{"class":58},[48,89798,3241],{"class":99},[48,89800,162],{"class":62},[20,89802,89803,89804,134],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[348,89805,51523],{"href":51522},[34,89807,89809],{"id":89808},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89811,89812,89814],{},[15,89813,46997],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89816,89817],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[39,89819,89821],{"className":41,"code":89820,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89822,89823,89836,89844,89848,89867],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89824,89825,89827,89829,89831,89834],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89826,8645],{"class":54},[48,89828,59],{"class":58},[48,89830,79],{"class":66},[48,89832,89833],{"class":70},"Ava",[48,89835,4138],{"class":66},[48,89837,89838,89840,89842],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89839,183],{"class":54},[48,89841,59],{"class":58},[48,89843,3370],{"class":99},[48,89845,89846],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,89847,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,89849,89850,89852,89854,89856,89859,89861,89863,89865],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,89851,276],{"class":147},[48,89853,151],{"class":62},[48,89855,67],{"class":66},[48,89857,89858],{"class":70},"Name:",[48,89860,67],{"class":66},[48,89862,87],{"class":62},[48,89864,36530],{"class":137},[48,89866,162],{"class":62},[48,89868,89869,89871,89873,89875,89878,89880,89882,89884],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,89870,276],{"class":147},[48,89872,151],{"class":62},[48,89874,67],{"class":66},[48,89876,89877],{"class":70},"Age:",[48,89879,67],{"class":66},[48,89881,87],{"class":62},[48,89883,9954],{"class":137},[48,89885,162],{"class":62},[20,89887,168],{},[39,89889,89891],{"className":41,"code":89890,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89892,89893,89903],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89894,89895,89898,89900],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89896,89897],{"class":54},"Name",[48,89899,76],{"class":62},[48,89901,89902],{"class":54}," Ava\n",[48,89904,89905,89908,89910],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89906,89907],{"class":54},"Age",[48,89909,76],{"class":62},[48,89911,3370],{"class":99},[20,89913,89914,89915,134],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89916,2845],{},[20,89918,89919],{},"For example, this works:",[39,89921,89923],{"className":41,"code":89922,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89924,89925,89933],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89926,89927,89929,89931],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89928,183],{"class":54},[48,89930,59],{"class":58},[48,89932,3370],{"class":99},[48,89934,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943,89945,89947,89949],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89936,276],{"class":147},[48,89938,151],{"class":62},[48,89940,67],{"class":66},[48,89942,89877],{"class":70},[48,89944,67],{"class":66},[48,89946,87],{"class":62},[48,89948,9954],{"class":137},[48,89950,162],{"class":62},[20,89952,37466],{},[39,89954,89956],{"className":41,"code":89955,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89957,89958,89966],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89959,89960,89962,89964],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89961,183],{"class":54},[48,89963,59],{"class":58},[48,89965,3370],{"class":99},[48,89967,89968,89970,89972,89974,89977,89979,89981,89983],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,89969,276],{"class":147},[48,89971,151],{"class":62},[48,89973,67],{"class":66},[48,89975,89976],{"class":70},"Age: ",[48,89978,67],{"class":66},[48,89980,3238],{"class":58},[48,89982,9954],{"class":137},[48,89984,162],{"class":62},[20,89986,89987,89988,89991,89992,89994,89995,89997,89998,134],{},"That fails because ",[15,89989,89990],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89993,92],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89996,2845],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[348,89999,90000],{"href":42718},[15,90001,48229],{},[34,90003,90005],{"id":90004},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,90007,90008,90010],{},[15,90009,46997],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[209,90012,90013,90019,90024,90029],{},[212,90014,90015,90018],{},[15,90016,90017],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[212,90020,90021,90023],{},[15,90022,53208],{}," controls what is added after the output",[212,90025,90026,90028],{},[15,90027,87293],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[212,90030,90031,90034],{},[15,90032,90033],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,90036,90037,90038,5174,90040,134],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,90039,90017],{},[15,90041,53208],{},[34,90043,90045,37155],{"id":90044},"sep-argument",[15,90046,90017],{},[20,90048,22,90049,90051],{},[15,90050,90017],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,90053,90054],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1752,90056,90058],{"id":90057},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[39,90060,90062],{"className":41,"code":90061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,90063,90064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90065,90066,90068,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088,90090,90092],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90067,276],{"class":147},[48,90069,151],{"class":62},[48,90071,67],{"class":66},[48,90073,1137],{"class":70},[48,90075,67],{"class":66},[48,90077,87],{"class":62},[48,90079,79],{"class":66},[48,90081,18179],{"class":70},[48,90083,67],{"class":66},[48,90085,87],{"class":62},[48,90087,79],{"class":66},[48,90089,13848],{"class":70},[48,90091,67],{"class":66},[48,90093,162],{"class":62},[20,90095,168],{},[39,90097,90099],{"className":41,"code":90098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red green blue\n",[15,90100,90101],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90102,90103],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90104,90098],{"class":54},[1752,90106,90108],{"id":90107},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[39,90110,90112],{"className":41,"code":90111,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,90113,90114,90157],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90115,90116,90118,90120,90122,90124,90126,90128,90130,90132,90134,90136,90138,90140,90142,90144,90147,90149,90151,90153,90155],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90117,276],{"class":147},[48,90119,151],{"class":62},[48,90121,67],{"class":66},[48,90123,1137],{"class":70},[48,90125,67],{"class":66},[48,90127,87],{"class":62},[48,90129,79],{"class":66},[48,90131,18179],{"class":70},[48,90133,67],{"class":66},[48,90135,87],{"class":62},[48,90137,79],{"class":66},[48,90139,13848],{"class":70},[48,90141,67],{"class":66},[48,90143,87],{"class":62},[48,90145,90146],{"class":9941}," sep",[48,90148,59],{"class":58},[48,90150,67],{"class":66},[48,90152,87],{"class":70},[48,90154,67],{"class":66},[48,90156,162],{"class":62},[48,90158,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167,90169,90171,90173,90175,90177,90179,90181,90183,90185,90187,90189,90191,90193,90196,90198],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90160,276],{"class":147},[48,90162,151],{"class":62},[48,90164,67],{"class":66},[48,90166,1137],{"class":70},[48,90168,67],{"class":66},[48,90170,87],{"class":62},[48,90172,79],{"class":66},[48,90174,18179],{"class":70},[48,90176,67],{"class":66},[48,90178,87],{"class":62},[48,90180,79],{"class":66},[48,90182,13848],{"class":70},[48,90184,67],{"class":66},[48,90186,87],{"class":62},[48,90188,90146],{"class":9941},[48,90190,59],{"class":58},[48,90192,67],{"class":66},[48,90194,90195],{"class":70}," - ",[48,90197,67],{"class":66},[48,90199,162],{"class":62},[20,90201,168],{},[39,90203,90205],{"className":41,"code":90204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,90206,90207,90219],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90208,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90210,1137],{"class":54},[48,90212,87],{"class":62},[48,90214,18179],{"class":54},[48,90216,87],{"class":62},[48,90218,70532],{"class":54},[48,90220,90221,90224,90226,90229,90231],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90222,90223],{"class":54},"red ",[48,90225,2807],{"class":58},[48,90227,90228],{"class":54}," green ",[48,90230,2807],{"class":58},[48,90232,36419],{"class":54},[20,90234,90235,90237],{},[15,90236,90017],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,90239,90240,90241,134],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[348,90242,90244],{"href":90243},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[34,90246,90248,37155],{"id":90247},"end-argument",[15,90249,53208],{},[20,90251,90252,90253,90255,90256,90258],{},"By default, ",[15,90254,46997],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90257,46997],{}," starts on a new line.",[1752,90260,90058],{"id":90261},"default-behavior-1",[39,90263,90265],{"className":41,"code":90264,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90266,90267,90281],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90268,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277,90279],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90270,276],{"class":147},[48,90272,151],{"class":62},[48,90274,67],{"class":66},[48,90276,35404],{"class":70},[48,90278,67],{"class":66},[48,90280,162],{"class":62},[48,90282,90283,90285,90287,90289,90292,90294],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90284,276],{"class":147},[48,90286,151],{"class":62},[48,90288,67],{"class":66},[48,90290,90291],{"class":70},"World",[48,90293,67],{"class":66},[48,90295,162],{"class":62},[20,90297,168],{},[39,90299,90301],{"className":41,"code":90300,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90302,90303,90307],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90304,90305],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90306,89500],{"class":54},[48,90308,90309],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90310,90311],{"class":54},"World\n",[1752,90313,90315],{"id":90314},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[39,90317,90319],{"className":41,"code":90318,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90320,90321,90343],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90322,90323,90325,90327,90329,90331,90333,90335,90337,90339,90341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90324,276],{"class":147},[48,90326,151],{"class":62},[48,90328,67],{"class":66},[48,90330,35404],{"class":70},[48,90332,67],{"class":66},[48,90334,87],{"class":62},[48,90336,65591],{"class":9941},[48,90338,59],{"class":58},[48,90340,7047],{"class":66},[48,90342,162],{"class":62},[48,90344,90345,90347,90349,90351,90353,90355],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90346,276],{"class":147},[48,90348,151],{"class":62},[48,90350,67],{"class":66},[48,90352,90291],{"class":70},[48,90354,67],{"class":66},[48,90356,162],{"class":62},[20,90358,168],{},[39,90360,90362],{"className":41,"code":90361,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90363,90364],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90365,90366],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90367,90361],{"class":54},[1752,90369,90371],{"id":90370},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[39,90373,90375],{"className":41,"code":90374,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90376,90377,90406],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90378,90379,90381,90383,90385,90387,90389,90391,90393,90395,90397,90400,90402,90404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90380,276],{"class":147},[48,90382,151],{"class":62},[48,90384,67],{"class":66},[48,90386,35404],{"class":70},[48,90388,67],{"class":66},[48,90390,87],{"class":62},[48,90392,65591],{"class":9941},[48,90394,59],{"class":58},[48,90396,67],{"class":66},[48,90398,90399],{"class":70},"!",[48,90401,87704],{"class":34989},[48,90403,67],{"class":66},[48,90405,162],{"class":62},[48,90407,90408,90410,90412,90414,90416,90418],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90409,276],{"class":147},[48,90411,151],{"class":62},[48,90413,67],{"class":66},[48,90415,90291],{"class":70},[48,90417,67],{"class":66},[48,90419,162],{"class":62},[20,90421,168],{},[39,90423,90425],{"className":41,"code":90424,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90426,90427,90432],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90428,90429],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90430,90431],{"class":54},"Hello!\n",[48,90433,90434],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90435,90311],{"class":54},[20,90437,22,90438,90440],{},[15,90439,53208],{}," argument is useful for:",[209,90442,90443,90446,90449],{},[212,90444,90445],{},"progress messages",[212,90447,90448],{},"inline output",[212,90450,90451],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[34,90453,90455,3181,90457],{"id":90454},"print-returns-none",[15,90456,46997],{},[15,90458,4560],{},[20,90460,90461,90462,90464],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90463,46997],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90466,226],{},[39,90468,90470],{"className":41,"code":90469,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90471,90472,90492],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90473,90474,90476,90478,90481,90483,90485,90488,90490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90475,449],{"class":54},[48,90477,59],{"class":58},[48,90479,90480],{"class":147}," print",[48,90482,151],{"class":62},[48,90484,67],{"class":66},[48,90486,90487],{"class":70},"Hi",[48,90489,67],{"class":66},[48,90491,162],{"class":62},[48,90493,90494,90496,90498,90500],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90495,276],{"class":147},[48,90497,151],{"class":62},[48,90499,474],{"class":137},[48,90501,162],{"class":62},[20,90503,168],{},[39,90505,90507],{"className":41,"code":90506,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90508,90509,90514],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90510,90511],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90512,90513],{"class":54},"Hi\n",[48,90515,90516],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90517,12553],{"class":1642},[20,90519,90520],{},"Why does this happen?",[209,90522,90523,90531,90536],{},[212,90524,90525,90528,90529],{},[15,90526,90527],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90530,90487],{},[212,90532,90533,90534],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90535,4560],{},[212,90537,90538,90539,12665,90541],{},"so ",[15,90540,474],{},[15,90542,4560],{},[20,90544,90545,90546,90548],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90547,46997],{}," call.",[39,90550,90552],{"className":41,"code":90551,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90553,90554,90567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90555,90556,90559,90561,90563,90565],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90557,90558],{"class":54},"message ",[48,90560,59],{"class":58},[48,90562,79],{"class":66},[48,90564,90487],{"class":70},[48,90566,4138],{"class":66},[48,90568,90569,90571,90573,90576],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90570,276],{"class":147},[48,90572,151],{"class":62},[48,90574,90575],{"class":137},"message",[48,90577,162],{"class":62},[20,90579,90580,90581,90583,90584,90588],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90582,46997],{}," with functions like ",[348,90585,90586],{"href":8986},[15,90587,3739],{},", which do return a value.",[34,90590,90592,90593],{"id":90591},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90594,46997],{},[20,90596,90597,90598,90600],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90599,46997],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[209,90602,90603,90606,90609,90612],{},[212,90604,90605],{},"to display results to the user",[212,90607,90608],{},"to show messages in a script",[212,90610,90611],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[212,90613,90614],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90616,226],{},[39,90618,90620],{"className":41,"code":90619,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90621,90622,90630,90634,90654,90665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90623,90624,90626,90628],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90625,41725],{"class":54},[48,90627,59],{"class":58},[48,90629,39054],{"class":99},[48,90631,90632],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90633,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,90635,90636,90638,90640,90642,90644,90646,90648,90650,90652],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,90637,117],{"class":116},[48,90639,7161],{"class":54},[48,90641,128],{"class":116},[48,90643,54618],{"class":147},[48,90645,151],{"class":62},[48,90647,3770],{"class":99},[48,90649,87],{"class":62},[48,90651,3241],{"class":99},[48,90653,9109],{"class":62},[48,90655,90656,90659,90662],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,90657,90658],{"class":54},"    total ",[48,90660,90661],{"class":58},"+=",[48,90663,90664],{"class":54}," number\n",[48,90666,90667,90669,90671,90673,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692,90694],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,90668,148],{"class":147},[48,90670,151],{"class":62},[48,90672,67],{"class":66},[48,90674,90675],{"class":70},"Current number:",[48,90677,67],{"class":66},[48,90679,87],{"class":62},[48,90681,2981],{"class":137},[48,90683,87],{"class":62},[48,90685,79],{"class":66},[48,90687,46108],{"class":70},[48,90689,67],{"class":66},[48,90691,87],{"class":62},[48,90693,46115],{"class":137},[48,90695,162],{"class":62},[20,90697,168],{},[39,90699,90701],{"className":41,"code":90700,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90702,90703,90719,90733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90704,90705,90708,90710,90712,90715,90717],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90706,90707],{"class":54},"Current number",[48,90709,76],{"class":62},[48,90711,618],{"class":99},[48,90713,90714],{"class":54}," Total",[48,90716,76],{"class":62},[48,90718,30148],{"class":99},[48,90720,90721,90723,90725,90727,90729,90731],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90722,90707],{"class":54},[48,90724,76],{"class":62},[48,90726,632],{"class":99},[48,90728,90714],{"class":54},[48,90730,76],{"class":62},[48,90732,698],{"class":99},[48,90734,90735,90737,90739,90741,90743,90745],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,90736,90707],{"class":54},[48,90738,76],{"class":62},[48,90740,800],{"class":99},[48,90742,90714],{"class":54},[48,90744,76],{"class":62},[48,90746,90747],{"class":99}," 6\n",[20,90749,90750,90751,134],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[348,90752,90754],{"href":90753},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[34,90756,1745],{"id":1744},[20,90758,90759,90760,134],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90761,46997],{},[1752,90763,90765],{"id":90764},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90767,90768],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[39,90770,90772],{"className":41,"code":90771,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90773,90774],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90775,90776,90778,90780,90782],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90777,276],{"class":147},[48,90779,151],{"class":62},[48,90781,35404],{"class":137},[48,90783,162],{"class":62},[20,90785,9642,90786,90788],{},[15,90787,35404],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90790,11559],{},[39,90792,90794],{"className":41,"code":90793,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90795,90796],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90797,90798,90800,90802,90804,90806,90808],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90799,276],{"class":147},[48,90801,151],{"class":62},[48,90803,67],{"class":66},[48,90805,35404],{"class":70},[48,90807,67],{"class":66},[48,90809,162],{"class":62},[1752,90811,9185,90813,90815],{"id":90812},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90814,276],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90817,90818],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[39,90820,90822],{"className":41,"code":90821,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90823,90824],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90825,90826,90828,90830,90832],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90827,276],{"class":147},[48,90829,79],{"class":66},[48,90831,35404],{"class":70},[48,90833,4138],{"class":66},[20,90835,11559],{},[39,90837,90838],{"className":41,"code":90793,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,90839,90840],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90841,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90843,276],{"class":147},[48,90845,151],{"class":62},[48,90847,67],{"class":66},[48,90849,35404],{"class":70},[48,90851,67],{"class":66},[48,90853,162],{"class":62},[1752,90855,90857,90858],{"id":90856},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90859,2845],{},[20,90861,90862,90863,134],{},"This causes a ",[15,90864,3787],{},[39,90866,90867],{"className":41,"code":89955,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,90868,90869,90877],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90870,90871,90873,90875],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90872,183],{"class":54},[48,90874,59],{"class":58},[48,90876,3370],{"class":99},[48,90878,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887,90889,90891,90893],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,90880,276],{"class":147},[48,90882,151],{"class":62},[48,90884,67],{"class":66},[48,90886,89976],{"class":70},[48,90888,67],{"class":66},[48,90890,3238],{"class":58},[48,90892,9954],{"class":137},[48,90894,162],{"class":62},[20,90896,90897],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[39,90899,90901],{"className":41,"code":90900,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90902,90903],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90904,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90906,276],{"class":147},[48,90908,151],{"class":62},[48,90910,67],{"class":66},[48,90912,89877],{"class":70},[48,90914,67],{"class":66},[48,90916,87],{"class":62},[48,90918,9954],{"class":137},[48,90920,162],{"class":62},[20,90922,90923],{},"Or convert the number first:",[39,90925,90927],{"className":41,"code":90926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90928,90929],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90930,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90932,276],{"class":147},[48,90934,151],{"class":62},[48,90936,67],{"class":66},[48,90938,89976],{"class":70},[48,90940,67],{"class":66},[48,90942,3238],{"class":58},[48,90944,49450],{"class":281},[48,90946,151],{"class":62},[48,90948,92],{"class":137},[48,90950,670],{"class":62},[20,90952,90953,90954,134],{},"If you see this error, read ",[348,90955,90957],{"href":90956},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1752,90959,2015,90961,90963],{"id":90960},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90962,46997],{}," to return a value",[20,90965,90966,90967,35867,90970,76],{},"This does not store ",[15,90968,90969],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90971,474],{},[39,90973,90975],{"className":41,"code":90974,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90976,90977],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90978,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90980,449],{"class":54},[48,90982,59],{"class":58},[48,90984,90480],{"class":147},[48,90986,151],{"class":62},[48,90988,67],{"class":66},[48,90990,35404],{"class":70},[48,90992,67],{"class":66},[48,90994,162],{"class":62},[20,90996,90997,90998,134],{},"It stores ",[15,90999,4560],{},[1752,91001,91003,91004,5174,91006],{"id":91002},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,91005,90017],{},[15,91007,53208],{},[20,91009,86363],{},[209,91011,91012,91021],{},[212,91013,91014,91016,91017,91020],{},[15,91015,90017],{}," changes what goes ",[166,91018,91019],{},"between"," multiple values",[212,91022,91023,91025,91026,91029],{},[15,91024,53208],{}," changes what appears ",[166,91027,91028],{},"after"," the output",[34,91031,91033],{"id":91032},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,91035,91036,91037,91039],{},"These simple ",[15,91038,46997],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[39,91041,91043],{"className":41,"code":91042,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,91044,91045,91065,91080],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91046,91047,91049,91051,91053,91056,91058,91060,91063],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91048,276],{"class":147},[48,91050,151],{"class":62},[48,91052,67],{"class":66},[48,91054,91055],{"class":70},"Debug:",[48,91057,67],{"class":66},[48,91059,87],{"class":62},[48,91061,91062],{"class":137}," variable_name",[48,91064,162],{"class":62},[48,91066,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91078],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,91068,276],{"class":147},[48,91070,151],{"class":62},[48,91072,2094],{"class":281},[48,91074,151],{"class":62},[48,91076,91077],{"class":137},"variable_name",[48,91079,670],{"class":62},[48,91081,91082,91084,91086,91088],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,91083,32687],{"class":147},[48,91085,151],{"class":62},[48,91087,276],{"class":147},[48,91089,162],{"class":62},[20,91091,91092],{},"What they do:",[209,91094,91095,91101,91107],{},[212,91096,91097,91100],{},[15,91098,91099],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[212,91102,91103,91106],{},[15,91104,91105],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[212,91108,91109,91112,91113],{},[15,91110,91111],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,91114,46997],{},[34,91116,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,91118,2606,91120,91122],{"id":91119},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,91121,46997],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,91124,91125,91126,91128,91129,37161],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,91127,46997],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,91130,53208],{},[1752,91132,5947,91134,91136],{"id":91133},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,91135,46997],{}," show more than one value?",[20,91138,91139,91140,91142],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,91141,46997],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1752,91144,5935,91146,5938,91149,2623],{"id":91145},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,91147,91148],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,91150,4560],{},[20,91152,29594,91153,91155],{},[15,91154,46997],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1752,91157,91159],{"id":91158},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,91161,91162],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[39,91164,91166],{"className":41,"code":91165,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,91167,91168],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91169,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182,91184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91171,276],{"class":147},[48,91173,151],{"class":62},[48,91175,67],{"class":66},[48,91177,89877],{"class":70},[48,91179,67],{"class":66},[48,91181,87],{"class":62},[48,91183,2493],{"class":99},[48,91185,162],{"class":62},[20,91187,91188,91189,40471],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,91190,48229],{},[1752,91192,5957,91194,5174,91196,2623],{"id":91193},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,91195,90017],{},[15,91197,53208],{},[209,91199,91200,91205],{},[212,91201,91202,91204],{},[15,91203,90017],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[212,91206,91207,91209],{},[15,91208,53208],{}," changes what appears after the output",[34,91211,2679],{"id":2678},[209,91213,91214,91218,91224,91230,91235,91240],{},[212,91215,91216],{},[348,91217,51523],{"href":51522},[212,91219,91220],{},[348,91221,4356,91222,4289],{"href":8986},[15,91223,3739],{},[212,91225,91226],{},[348,91227,4356,91228,4289],{"href":42718},[15,91229,48229],{},[212,91231,91232],{},[348,91233,91234],{"href":90243},"How to format strings in Python",[212,91236,91237],{},[348,91238,91239],{"href":90753},"How to debug Python code",[212,91241,91242],{},[348,91243,90957],{"href":90956},[2711,91245,91246],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":91248},[91249,91250,91252,91253,91259,91260,91261,91266,91272,91274,91276,91287,91288,91299],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":89421,"depth":106,"text":91251},"What print() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":89657,"depth":106,"text":89658,"children":91254},[91255,91256,91257,91258],{"id":89666,"depth":113,"text":89667},{"id":89707,"depth":113,"text":89708},{"id":89739,"depth":113,"text":89740},{"id":89766,"depth":113,"text":89767},{"id":89808,"depth":106,"text":89809},{"id":90004,"depth":106,"text":90005},{"id":90044,"depth":106,"text":91262,"children":91263},"sep argument",[91264,91265],{"id":90057,"depth":113,"text":90058},{"id":90107,"depth":113,"text":90108},{"id":90247,"depth":106,"text":91267,"children":91268},"end argument",[91269,91270,91271],{"id":90261,"depth":113,"text":90058},{"id":90314,"depth":113,"text":90315},{"id":90370,"depth":113,"text":90371},{"id":90454,"depth":106,"text":91273},"print() returns None",{"id":90591,"depth":106,"text":91275},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":91277},[91278,91279,91281,91283,91285],{"id":90764,"depth":113,"text":90765},{"id":90812,"depth":113,"text":91280},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90856,"depth":113,"text":91282},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90960,"depth":113,"text":91284},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":91002,"depth":113,"text":91286},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":91032,"depth":106,"text":91033},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":91289},[91290,91292,91294,91296,91297],{"id":91119,"depth":113,"text":91291},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91133,"depth":113,"text":91293},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91145,"depth":113,"text":91295},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91158,"depth":113,"text":91159},{"id":91193,"depth":113,"text":91298},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89304,"description":91300},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91307,"title":91308,"body":91309,"description":93613,"extension":2749,"meta":93614,"navigation":109,"path":93615,"seo":93616,"stem":93617,"__hash__":93618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91310,"toc":93559},[91311,91316,91321,91334,91336,91401,91412,91417,91422,91424,91447,91450,91481,91483,91500,91505,91511,91516,91565,91568,91585,91591,91596,91619,91621,91649,91655,91663,91690,91692,91717,91723,91726,91757,91759,91788,91792,91795,91800,91822,91824,91852,91858,91864,91890,91892,91916,91922,91928,91958,91960,91988,91998,92002,92008,92041,92043,92072,92075,92078,92111,92113,92121,92127,92129,92152,92157,92166,92171,92185,92187,92227,92229,92259,92263,92298,92304,92308,92352,92354,92384,92390,92393,92472,92474,92496,92504,92507,92570,92578,92653,92659,92666,92671,92676,92699,92701,92722,92724,92737,92739,92786,92788,92827,92836,92838,92842,92846,92849,92876,92879,92908,92911,92935,92938,92946,92952,92974,92976,93004,93008,93013,93068,93073,93075,93132,93139,93148,93151,93183,93185,93193,93196,93202,93204,93227,93230,93236,93239,93258,93260,93279,93282,93304,93306,93334,93338,93342,93447,93449,93462,93464,93470,93473,93481,93486,93492,93498,93503,93511,93517,93524,93526,93556],[10,91312,4356,91314,4360],{"id":91313},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91315,36737],{},[20,91317,32852,91318,91320],{},[15,91319,36737],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91322,91323,91324,91326,91327,91329,91330,91333],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91325,117],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91328,36737],{}," stops ",[166,91331,91332],{},"before"," the end value.",[34,91335,37],{"id":36},[39,91337,91339],{"className":41,"code":91338,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91340,91341,91357,91367,91371,91376,91381,91386,91391,91396],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91342,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91344,117],{"class":116},[48,91346,70099],{"class":54},[48,91348,128],{"class":116},[48,91350,54618],{"class":147},[48,91352,151],{"class":62},[48,91354,2921],{"class":99},[48,91356,9109],{"class":62},[48,91358,91359,91361,91363,91365],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,91360,148],{"class":147},[48,91362,151],{"class":62},[48,91364,36693],{"class":137},[48,91366,162],{"class":62},[48,91368,91369],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,91370,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,91372,91373],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,91374,91375],{"class":4445},"# Output:\n",[48,91377,91378],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,91379,91380],{"class":4445},"# 0\n",[48,91382,91383],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,91384,91385],{"class":4445},"# 1\n",[48,91387,91388],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,91389,91390],{"class":4445},"# 2\n",[48,91392,91393],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,91394,91395],{"class":4445},"# 3\n",[48,91397,91398],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,91399,91400],{"class":4445},"# 4\n",[20,91402,91403,91406,91407,91409,91410,134],{},[15,91404,91405],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91408,2904],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91411,2921],{},[34,91413,196,91415,199],{"id":91414},"what-range-does",[15,91416,36737],{},[20,91418,91419,91421],{},[15,91420,36737],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91423,13792],{},[209,91425,91426,91431,91437,91442],{},[212,91427,91428,91430],{},[15,91429,36737],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[212,91432,91433,91434,91436],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91435,117],{}," loops",[212,91438,91439,91440],{},"The stop value is ",[166,91441,65620],{},[212,91443,2599,91444,91446],{},[15,91445,60548],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91448,91449],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[39,91451,91453],{"className":41,"code":91452,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91454,91455,91471],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91458,117],{"class":116},[48,91460,7161],{"class":54},[48,91462,128],{"class":116},[48,91464,54618],{"class":147},[48,91466,151],{"class":62},[48,91468,2848],{"class":99},[48,91470,9109],{"class":62},[48,91472,91473,91475,91477,91479],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,91474,148],{"class":147},[48,91476,151],{"class":62},[48,91478,3023],{"class":137},[48,91480,162],{"class":62},[20,91482,168],{},[39,91484,91486],{"className":41,"code":91485,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91487,91488,91492,91496],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91489,91490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91491,47797],{"class":99},[48,91493,91494],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,91495,47462],{"class":99},[48,91497,91498],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,91499,17784],{"class":99},[20,91501,91502,91503,134],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[348,91504,36567],{"href":36566},[34,91506,91508,91510],{"id":91507},"range-syntax",[15,91509,36737],{}," syntax",[20,91512,91513,91515],{},[15,91514,36737],{}," has three common forms:",[39,91517,91519],{"className":41,"code":91518,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91520,91521,91531,91546],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91522,91523,91525,91527,91529],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91524,60548],{"class":147},[48,91526,151],{"class":62},[48,91528,75977],{"class":137},[48,91530,162],{"class":62},[48,91532,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91544],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,91534,60548],{"class":147},[48,91536,151],{"class":62},[48,91538,36611],{"class":137},[48,91540,87],{"class":62},[48,91542,91543],{"class":137}," stop",[48,91545,162],{"class":62},[48,91547,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558,91560,91563],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,91549,60548],{"class":147},[48,91551,151],{"class":62},[48,91553,36611],{"class":137},[48,91555,87],{"class":62},[48,91557,91543],{"class":137},[48,91559,87],{"class":62},[48,91561,91562],{"class":137}," step",[48,91564,162],{"class":62},[20,91566,91567],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[209,91569,91570,91575,91580],{},[212,91571,91572,91574],{},[15,91573,36611],{}," = first number",[212,91576,91577,91579],{},[15,91578,75977],{}," = end limit, not included",[212,91581,91582,91584],{},[15,91583,75980],{}," = amount to move each time",[1752,91586,91588],{"id":91587},"rangestop",[15,91589,91590],{},"range(stop)",[20,91592,91593,91594,134],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91595,2904],{},[39,91597,91599],{"className":41,"code":91598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91600,91601],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91602,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91604,276],{"class":147},[48,91606,151],{"class":62},[48,91608,282],{"class":281},[48,91610,151],{"class":62},[48,91612,60548],{"class":147},[48,91614,151],{"class":62},[48,91616,2921],{"class":99},[48,91618,3693],{"class":62},[20,91620,168],{},[39,91622,91623],{"className":41,"code":60571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91624,91625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91626,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91628,682],{"class":62},[48,91630,2904],{"class":99},[48,91632,87],{"class":62},[48,91634,618],{"class":99},[48,91636,87],{"class":62},[48,91638,632],{"class":99},[48,91640,87],{"class":62},[48,91642,800],{"class":99},[48,91644,87],{"class":62},[48,91646,3241],{"class":99},[48,91648,1465],{"class":62},[1752,91650,91652],{"id":91651},"rangestart-stop",[15,91653,91654],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91656,91657,91658,91660,91661,134],{},"This starts at ",[15,91659,36611],{}," and stops before ",[15,91662,75977],{},[39,91664,91666],{"className":41,"code":91665,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91667,91668],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91669,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91671,276],{"class":147},[48,91673,151],{"class":62},[48,91675,282],{"class":281},[48,91677,151],{"class":62},[48,91679,60548],{"class":147},[48,91681,151],{"class":62},[48,91683,2842],{"class":99},[48,91685,87],{"class":62},[48,91687,38184],{"class":99},[48,91689,3693],{"class":62},[20,91691,168],{},[39,91693,91695],{"className":41,"code":91694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91696,91697],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91698,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91700,682],{"class":62},[48,91702,2842],{"class":99},[48,91704,87],{"class":62},[48,91706,800],{"class":99},[48,91708,87],{"class":62},[48,91710,3241],{"class":99},[48,91712,87],{"class":62},[48,91714,5387],{"class":99},[48,91716,1465],{"class":62},[1752,91718,91720],{"id":91719},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91721,91722],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91724,91725],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[39,91727,91729],{"className":41,"code":91728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91730,91731],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91732,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91734,276],{"class":147},[48,91736,151],{"class":62},[48,91738,282],{"class":281},[48,91740,151],{"class":62},[48,91742,60548],{"class":147},[48,91744,151],{"class":62},[48,91746,3770],{"class":99},[48,91748,87],{"class":62},[48,91750,2493],{"class":99},[48,91752,87],{"class":62},[48,91754,632],{"class":99},[48,91756,3693],{"class":62},[20,91758,168],{},[39,91760,91762],{"className":41,"code":91761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91763,91764],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91765,91766,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91767,682],{"class":62},[48,91769,3770],{"class":99},[48,91771,87],{"class":62},[48,91773,800],{"class":99},[48,91775,87],{"class":62},[48,91777,5387],{"class":99},[48,91779,87],{"class":62},[48,91781,6769],{"class":99},[48,91783,87],{"class":62},[48,91785,54684],{"class":99},[48,91787,1465],{"class":62},[34,91789,91791],{"id":91790},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91793,91794],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1752,91796,91798],{"id":91797},"range5",[15,91799,91405],{},[39,91801,91802],{"className":41,"code":91598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91803,91804],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91805,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91807,276],{"class":147},[48,91809,151],{"class":62},[48,91811,282],{"class":281},[48,91813,151],{"class":62},[48,91815,60548],{"class":147},[48,91817,151],{"class":62},[48,91819,2921],{"class":99},[48,91821,3693],{"class":62},[20,91823,168],{},[39,91825,91826],{"className":41,"code":60571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91827,91828],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91829,91830,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91831,682],{"class":62},[48,91833,2904],{"class":99},[48,91835,87],{"class":62},[48,91837,618],{"class":99},[48,91839,87],{"class":62},[48,91841,632],{"class":99},[48,91843,87],{"class":62},[48,91845,800],{"class":99},[48,91847,87],{"class":62},[48,91849,3241],{"class":99},[48,91851,1465],{"class":62},[20,91853,91657,91854,91660,91856,134],{},[15,91855,2904],{},[15,91857,2921],{},[1752,91859,91861],{"id":91860},"range2-6",[15,91862,91863],{},"range(2, 6)",[39,91865,91866],{"className":41,"code":91665,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91867,91868],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91869,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91871,276],{"class":147},[48,91873,151],{"class":62},[48,91875,282],{"class":281},[48,91877,151],{"class":62},[48,91879,60548],{"class":147},[48,91881,151],{"class":62},[48,91883,2842],{"class":99},[48,91885,87],{"class":62},[48,91887,38184],{"class":99},[48,91889,3693],{"class":62},[20,91891,168],{},[39,91893,91894],{"className":41,"code":91694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91895,91896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91897,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91899,682],{"class":62},[48,91901,2842],{"class":99},[48,91903,87],{"class":62},[48,91905,800],{"class":99},[48,91907,87],{"class":62},[48,91909,3241],{"class":99},[48,91911,87],{"class":62},[48,91913,5387],{"class":99},[48,91915,1465],{"class":62},[20,91917,91657,91918,91660,91920,134],{},[15,91919,2842],{},[15,91921,81145],{},[1752,91923,91925],{"id":91924},"range1-10-2",[15,91926,91927],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[39,91929,91930],{"className":41,"code":91728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91931,91932],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91933,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91935,276],{"class":147},[48,91937,151],{"class":62},[48,91939,282],{"class":281},[48,91941,151],{"class":62},[48,91943,60548],{"class":147},[48,91945,151],{"class":62},[48,91947,3770],{"class":99},[48,91949,87],{"class":62},[48,91951,2493],{"class":99},[48,91953,87],{"class":62},[48,91955,632],{"class":99},[48,91957,3693],{"class":62},[20,91959,168],{},[39,91961,91962],{"className":41,"code":91761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91963,91964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91965,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91967,682],{"class":62},[48,91969,3770],{"class":99},[48,91971,87],{"class":62},[48,91973,800],{"class":99},[48,91975,87],{"class":62},[48,91977,5387],{"class":99},[48,91979,87],{"class":62},[48,91981,6769],{"class":99},[48,91983,87],{"class":62},[48,91985,54684],{"class":99},[48,91987,1465],{"class":62},[20,91989,91990,91991,91993,91994,61851,91996,134],{},"This moves by ",[15,91992,2842],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91995,3770],{},[15,91997,2929],{},[1752,91999,92001],{"id":92000},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,92003,92004,92005,92007],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,92006,36737],{}," count backward.",[39,92009,92011],{"className":41,"code":92010,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,92012,92013],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92014,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92016,276],{"class":147},[48,92018,151],{"class":62},[48,92020,282],{"class":281},[48,92022,151],{"class":62},[48,92024,60548],{"class":147},[48,92026,151],{"class":62},[48,92028,2921],{"class":99},[48,92030,87],{"class":62},[48,92032,4616],{"class":99},[48,92034,87],{"class":62},[48,92036,3006],{"class":58},[48,92038,3770],{"class":99},[48,92040,3693],{"class":62},[20,92042,168],{},[39,92044,92046],{"className":41,"code":92045,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,92047,92048],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92049,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92051,682],{"class":62},[48,92053,2921],{"class":99},[48,92055,87],{"class":62},[48,92057,3241],{"class":99},[48,92059,87],{"class":62},[48,92061,800],{"class":99},[48,92063,87],{"class":62},[48,92065,632],{"class":99},[48,92067,87],{"class":62},[48,92069,618],{"class":99},[48,92071,1465],{"class":62},[20,92073,92074],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,92076,92077],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[39,92079,92081],{"className":41,"code":92080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,92082,92083],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92084,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92086,276],{"class":147},[48,92088,151],{"class":62},[48,92090,282],{"class":281},[48,92092,151],{"class":62},[48,92094,60548],{"class":147},[48,92096,151],{"class":62},[48,92098,3770],{"class":99},[48,92100,87],{"class":62},[48,92102,5387],{"class":99},[48,92104,87],{"class":62},[48,92106,3006],{"class":58},[48,92108,3770],{"class":99},[48,92110,3693],{"class":62},[20,92112,168],{},[39,92114,92115],{"className":41,"code":38838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92116,92117],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92118,92119],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92120,38838],{"class":62},[1752,92122,92123,77140,92125],{"id":77364},[15,92124,75980],{},[15,92126,2904],{},[20,92128,3618],{},[39,92130,92132],{"className":41,"code":92131,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,92133,92134],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92135,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92137,60548],{"class":147},[48,92139,151],{"class":62},[48,92141,3770],{"class":99},[48,92143,87],{"class":62},[48,92145,5387],{"class":99},[48,92147,87],{"class":62},[48,92149,4616],{"class":99},[48,92151,162],{"class":62},[20,92153,77409,92154,92156],{},[15,92155,41246],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[34,92158,9185,92160,92162,92163,92165],{"id":92159},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,92161,36737],{}," in a ",[15,92164,117],{}," loop",[20,92167,92168,92170],{},[15,92169,36737],{}," is most useful when:",[209,92172,92173,92176,92179],{},[212,92174,92175],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[212,92177,92178],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[212,92180,92181,92182],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,92183,92184],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,92186,226],{},[39,92188,92190],{"className":41,"code":92189,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,92191,92192,92208],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92193,92194,92196,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92195,117],{"class":116},[48,92197,70099],{"class":54},[48,92199,128],{"class":116},[48,92201,54618],{"class":147},[48,92203,151],{"class":62},[48,92205,2848],{"class":99},[48,92207,9109],{"class":62},[48,92209,92210,92212,92214,92216,92219,92221,92223,92225],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92211,148],{"class":147},[48,92213,151],{"class":62},[48,92215,67],{"class":66},[48,92217,92218],{"class":70},"Loop number:",[48,92220,67],{"class":66},[48,92222,87],{"class":62},[48,92224,36668],{"class":137},[48,92226,162],{"class":62},[20,92228,168],{},[39,92230,92232],{"className":41,"code":92231,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,92233,92234,92243,92251],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92235,92236,92239,92241],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92237,92238],{"class":54},"Loop number",[48,92240,76],{"class":62},[48,92242,39054],{"class":99},[48,92244,92245,92247,92249],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92246,92238],{"class":54},[48,92248,76],{"class":62},[48,92250,30148],{"class":99},[48,92252,92253,92255,92257],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,92254,92238],{"class":54},[48,92256,76],{"class":62},[48,92258,46134],{"class":99},[1752,92260,92262],{"id":92261},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[39,92264,92266],{"className":41,"code":92265,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,92267,92268,92284],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92269,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92271,117],{"class":116},[48,92273,70099],{"class":54},[48,92275,128],{"class":116},[48,92277,54618],{"class":147},[48,92279,151],{"class":62},[48,92281,2921],{"class":99},[48,92283,9109],{"class":62},[48,92285,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92287,148],{"class":147},[48,92289,151],{"class":62},[48,92291,67],{"class":66},[48,92293,35404],{"class":70},[48,92295,67],{"class":66},[48,92297,162],{"class":62},[20,92299,92300,92301,92303],{},"This prints ",[15,92302,90969],{}," five times.",[1752,92305,92307],{"id":92306},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[39,92309,92311],{"className":41,"code":92310,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92312,92313,92333],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92314,92315,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92316,117],{"class":116},[48,92318,70099],{"class":54},[48,92320,128],{"class":116},[48,92322,54618],{"class":147},[48,92324,151],{"class":62},[48,92326,3770],{"class":99},[48,92328,87],{"class":62},[48,92330,3241],{"class":99},[48,92332,9109],{"class":62},[48,92334,92335,92337,92339,92341,92344,92346,92348,92350],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92336,148],{"class":147},[48,92338,151],{"class":62},[48,92340,67],{"class":66},[48,92342,92343],{"class":70},"Current number is",[48,92345,67],{"class":66},[48,92347,87],{"class":62},[48,92349,36668],{"class":137},[48,92351,162],{"class":62},[20,92353,168],{},[39,92355,92357],{"className":41,"code":92356,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92358,92359,92368,92376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92360,92361,92364,92366],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92362,92363],{"class":54},"Current number ",[48,92365,12939],{"class":58},[48,92367,30148],{"class":99},[48,92369,92370,92372,92374],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92371,92363],{"class":54},[48,92373,12939],{"class":58},[48,92375,46134],{"class":99},[48,92377,92378,92380,92382],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,92379,92363],{"class":54},[48,92381,12939],{"class":58},[48,92383,698],{"class":99},[1752,92385,92387,92389],{"id":92386},"range-and-indexing",[15,92388,36737],{}," and indexing",[20,92391,92392],{},"You may see code like this:",[39,92394,92396],{"className":41,"code":92395,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92397,92398,92430,92434,92454],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92399,92400,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92401,8549],{"class":54},[48,92403,59],{"class":58},[48,92405,4404],{"class":62},[48,92407,67],{"class":66},[48,92409,348],{"class":70},[48,92411,67],{"class":66},[48,92413,87],{"class":62},[48,92415,79],{"class":66},[48,92417,2059],{"class":70},[48,92419,67],{"class":66},[48,92421,87],{"class":62},[48,92423,79],{"class":66},[48,92425,2265],{"class":70},[48,92427,67],{"class":66},[48,92429,1465],{"class":62},[48,92431,92432],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92433,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,92435,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,92437,117],{"class":116},[48,92439,70099],{"class":54},[48,92441,128],{"class":116},[48,92443,54618],{"class":147},[48,92445,151],{"class":62},[48,92447,11914],{"class":147},[48,92449,151],{"class":62},[48,92451,138],{"class":137},[48,92453,70114],{"class":62},[48,92455,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468,92470],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,92457,148],{"class":147},[48,92459,151],{"class":62},[48,92461,36693],{"class":137},[48,92463,87],{"class":62},[48,92465,6741],{"class":137},[48,92467,682],{"class":62},[48,92469,36693],{"class":137},[48,92471,4670],{"class":62},[20,92473,168],{},[39,92475,92476],{"className":41,"code":36705,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92477,92478,92484,92490],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92479,92480,92482],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92481,2904],{"class":99},[48,92483,36714],{"class":54},[48,92485,92486,92488],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92487,3770],{"class":99},[48,92489,36721],{"class":54},[48,92491,92492,92494],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,92493,2842],{"class":99},[48,92495,36728],{"class":54},[20,92497,92498,92499,92503],{},"This works, and it uses ",[348,92500,92501],{"href":42901},[15,92502,42904],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92505,92506],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[39,92508,92510],{"className":41,"code":92509,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92511,92512,92544,92548,92560],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92513,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92515,8549],{"class":54},[48,92517,59],{"class":58},[48,92519,4404],{"class":62},[48,92521,67],{"class":66},[48,92523,348],{"class":70},[48,92525,67],{"class":66},[48,92527,87],{"class":62},[48,92529,79],{"class":66},[48,92531,2059],{"class":70},[48,92533,67],{"class":66},[48,92535,87],{"class":62},[48,92537,79],{"class":66},[48,92539,2265],{"class":70},[48,92541,67],{"class":66},[48,92543,1465],{"class":62},[48,92545,92546],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92547,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,92549,92550,92552,92554,92556,92558],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,92551,117],{"class":116},[48,92553,1948],{"class":54},[48,92555,128],{"class":116},[48,92557,6741],{"class":54},[48,92559,1053],{"class":62},[48,92561,92562,92564,92566,92568],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,92563,148],{"class":147},[48,92565,151],{"class":62},[48,92567,1967],{"class":137},[48,92569,162],{"class":62},[20,92571,37132,92572,92577],{},[348,92573,92575],{"href":92574},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92576,36287],{}," is usually a better choice:",[39,92579,92581],{"className":41,"code":92580,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92582,92583,92615,92619,92639],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92584,92585,92587,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611,92613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92586,8549],{"class":54},[48,92588,59],{"class":58},[48,92590,4404],{"class":62},[48,92592,67],{"class":66},[48,92594,348],{"class":70},[48,92596,67],{"class":66},[48,92598,87],{"class":62},[48,92600,79],{"class":66},[48,92602,2059],{"class":70},[48,92604,67],{"class":66},[48,92606,87],{"class":62},[48,92608,79],{"class":66},[48,92610,2265],{"class":70},[48,92612,67],{"class":66},[48,92614,1465],{"class":62},[48,92616,92617],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92618,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,92620,92621,92623,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635,92637],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,92622,117],{"class":116},[48,92624,36359],{"class":54},[48,92626,87],{"class":62},[48,92628,1948],{"class":54},[48,92630,128],{"class":116},[48,92632,36369],{"class":147},[48,92634,151],{"class":62},[48,92636,138],{"class":137},[48,92638,9109],{"class":62},[48,92640,92641,92643,92645,92647,92649,92651],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,92642,148],{"class":147},[48,92644,151],{"class":62},[48,92646,36384],{"class":137},[48,92648,87],{"class":62},[48,92650,30040],{"class":137},[48,92652,162],{"class":62},[20,92654,79669,92655,134],{},[348,92656,37145,92657,37148],{"href":37144},[15,92658,36287],{},[34,92660,92662,92663,92665],{"id":92661},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92664,36737],{}," to a list",[20,92667,92668,92670],{},[15,92669,36737],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92672,92673,92674,76],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92675,25312],{},[39,92677,92679],{"className":41,"code":92678,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92680,92681],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92682,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693,92695,92697],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92684,276],{"class":147},[48,92686,151],{"class":62},[48,92688,282],{"class":281},[48,92690,151],{"class":62},[48,92692,60548],{"class":147},[48,92694,151],{"class":62},[48,92696,2848],{"class":99},[48,92698,3693],{"class":62},[20,92700,168],{},[39,92702,92704],{"className":41,"code":92703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92705,92706],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92707,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92709,682],{"class":62},[48,92711,2904],{"class":99},[48,92713,87],{"class":62},[48,92715,618],{"class":99},[48,92717,87],{"class":62},[48,92719,632],{"class":99},[48,92721,1465],{"class":62},[20,92723,33847],{},[209,92725,92726,92731,92734],{},[212,92727,92728,92729,42628],{},"learning how ",[15,92730,36737],{},[212,92732,92733],{},"checking your values",[212,92735,92736],{},"debugging code",[20,92738,6249],{},[39,92740,92742],{"className":41,"code":92741,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92743,92744,92758,92762,92772],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92745,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92747,2232],{"class":54},[48,92749,59],{"class":58},[48,92751,54618],{"class":147},[48,92753,151],{"class":62},[48,92755,3288],{"class":99},[48,92757,162],{"class":62},[48,92759,92760],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92761,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,92763,92764,92766,92768,92770],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,92765,276],{"class":147},[48,92767,151],{"class":62},[48,92769,2411],{"class":137},[48,92771,162],{"class":62},[48,92773,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,92775,276],{"class":147},[48,92777,151],{"class":62},[48,92779,282],{"class":281},[48,92781,151],{"class":62},[48,92783,2411],{"class":137},[48,92785,670],{"class":62},[20,92787,168],{},[39,92789,92791],{"className":41,"code":92790,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92792,92793,92807],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92794,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803,92805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92796,60548],{"class":147},[48,92798,151],{"class":62},[48,92800,2904],{"class":99},[48,92802,87],{"class":62},[48,92804,3241],{"class":99},[48,92806,162],{"class":62},[48,92808,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,92810,682],{"class":62},[48,92812,2904],{"class":99},[48,92814,87],{"class":62},[48,92816,618],{"class":99},[48,92818,87],{"class":62},[48,92820,632],{"class":99},[48,92822,87],{"class":62},[48,92824,800],{"class":99},[48,92826,1465],{"class":62},[20,92828,92829,92830,1306,92832,92835],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92831,60548],{},[15,92833,92834],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[34,92837,5300],{"id":5299},[20,92839,34076,92840,134],{},[15,92841,36737],{},[1752,92843,92845],{"id":92844},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92847,92848],{},"Many beginners think this:",[39,92850,92852],{"className":41,"code":92851,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92853,92854],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92855,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92857,276],{"class":147},[48,92859,151],{"class":62},[48,92861,282],{"class":281},[48,92863,151],{"class":62},[48,92865,60548],{"class":147},[48,92867,151],{"class":62},[48,92869,3770],{"class":99},[48,92871,87],{"class":62},[48,92873,5387],{"class":99},[48,92875,3693],{"class":62},[20,92877,92878],{},"will produce:",[39,92880,92882],{"className":41,"code":92881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92883,92884],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92885,92886,92888,92890,92892,92894,92896,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92887,682],{"class":62},[48,92889,3770],{"class":99},[48,92891,87],{"class":62},[48,92893,632],{"class":99},[48,92895,87],{"class":62},[48,92897,800],{"class":99},[48,92899,87],{"class":62},[48,92901,3241],{"class":99},[48,92903,87],{"class":62},[48,92905,5387],{"class":99},[48,92907,1465],{"class":62},[20,92909,92910],{},"But the real output is:",[39,92912,92913],{"className":41,"code":54053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92914,92915],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92916,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92918,682],{"class":62},[48,92920,3770],{"class":99},[48,92922,87],{"class":62},[48,92924,632],{"class":99},[48,92926,87],{"class":62},[48,92928,800],{"class":99},[48,92930,87],{"class":62},[48,92932,3241],{"class":99},[48,92934,1465],{"class":62},[20,92936,92937],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1752,92939,5361,92941,92943,92944],{"id":92940},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92942,91405],{}," starts at ",[15,92945,3770],{},[20,92947,38008,92948,19684,92950,134],{},[15,92949,2904],{},[15,92951,3770],{},[39,92953,92954],{"className":41,"code":91598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92955,92956],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92957,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92959,276],{"class":147},[48,92961,151],{"class":62},[48,92963,282],{"class":281},[48,92965,151],{"class":62},[48,92967,60548],{"class":147},[48,92969,151],{"class":62},[48,92971,2921],{"class":99},[48,92973,3693],{"class":62},[20,92975,168],{},[39,92977,92978],{"className":41,"code":60571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92979,92980],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92981,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998,93000,93002],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92983,682],{"class":62},[48,92985,2904],{"class":99},[48,92987,87],{"class":62},[48,92989,618],{"class":99},[48,92991,87],{"class":62},[48,92993,632],{"class":99},[48,92995,87],{"class":62},[48,92997,800],{"class":99},[48,92999,87],{"class":62},[48,93001,3241],{"class":99},[48,93003,1465],{"class":62},[1752,93005,93007],{"id":93006},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,93009,93010,93011,76],{},"This often happens with ",[15,93012,3739],{},[39,93014,93016],{"className":41,"code":93015,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93017,93018,93037,93041,93058],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93019,93020,93023,93025,93027,93029,93031,93033,93035],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93021,93022],{"class":54},"user_number ",[48,93024,59],{"class":58},[48,93026,9009],{"class":147},[48,93028,151],{"class":62},[48,93030,67],{"class":66},[48,93032,42414],{"class":70},[48,93034,67],{"class":66},[48,93036,162],{"class":62},[48,93038,93039],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,93040,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,93042,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053,93056],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,93044,117],{"class":116},[48,93046,70099],{"class":54},[48,93048,128],{"class":116},[48,93050,54618],{"class":147},[48,93052,151],{"class":62},[48,93054,93055],{"class":137},"user_number",[48,93057,9109],{"class":62},[48,93059,93060,93062,93064,93066],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,93061,148],{"class":147},[48,93063,151],{"class":62},[48,93065,36693],{"class":137},[48,93067,162],{"class":62},[20,93069,49056,93070,93072],{},[15,93071,3739],{}," returns a string.",[20,93074,11559],{},[39,93076,93078],{"className":41,"code":93077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93079,93080,93102,93106,93122],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93081,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93083,93022],{"class":54},[48,93085,59],{"class":58},[48,93087,45821],{"class":281},[48,93089,151],{"class":62},[48,93091,43006],{"class":147},[48,93093,151],{"class":62},[48,93095,67],{"class":66},[48,93097,42414],{"class":70},[48,93099,67],{"class":66},[48,93101,670],{"class":62},[48,93103,93104],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,93105,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,93107,93108,93110,93112,93114,93116,93118,93120],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,93109,117],{"class":116},[48,93111,70099],{"class":54},[48,93113,128],{"class":116},[48,93115,54618],{"class":147},[48,93117,151],{"class":62},[48,93119,93055],{"class":137},[48,93121,9109],{"class":62},[48,93123,93124,93126,93128,93130],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,93125,148],{"class":147},[48,93127,151],{"class":62},[48,93129,36693],{"class":137},[48,93131,162],{"class":62},[20,93133,93134,93135,134],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[348,93136,51070,93137],{"href":51069},[15,93138,51073],{},[1752,93140,93142,93143,93145,93146],{"id":93141},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,93144,36611],{}," smaller than ",[15,93147,75977],{},[20,93149,93150],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[39,93152,93153],{"className":41,"code":92080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,93154,93155],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93156,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169,93171,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93158,276],{"class":147},[48,93160,151],{"class":62},[48,93162,282],{"class":281},[48,93164,151],{"class":62},[48,93166,60548],{"class":147},[48,93168,151],{"class":62},[48,93170,3770],{"class":99},[48,93172,87],{"class":62},[48,93174,5387],{"class":99},[48,93176,87],{"class":62},[48,93178,3006],{"class":58},[48,93180,3770],{"class":99},[48,93182,3693],{"class":62},[20,93184,168],{},[39,93186,93187],{"className":41,"code":38838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,93188,93189],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93190,93191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93192,38838],{"class":62},[20,93194,93195],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1752,93197,26148,93199],{"id":93198},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,93200,93201],{},"step = 0",[20,93203,78120],{},[39,93205,93207],{"className":41,"code":93206,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,93208,93209],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93210,93211,93213,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93212,60548],{"class":147},[48,93214,151],{"class":62},[48,93216,3770],{"class":99},[48,93218,87],{"class":62},[48,93220,2493],{"class":99},[48,93222,87],{"class":62},[48,93224,4616],{"class":99},[48,93226,162],{"class":62},[20,93228,93229],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1752,93231,5486,93233,93235],{"id":93232},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,93234,36737],{}," is not a list",[20,93237,93238],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[39,93240,93242],{"className":41,"code":93241,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(range(5))\n",[15,93243,93244],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93245,93246,93248,93250,93252,93254,93256],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93247,276],{"class":147},[48,93249,151],{"class":62},[48,93251,60548],{"class":147},[48,93253,151],{"class":62},[48,93255,2921],{"class":99},[48,93257,670],{"class":62},[20,93259,168],{},[39,93261,93263],{"className":41,"code":93262,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,93264,93265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93266,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275,93277],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93268,60548],{"class":147},[48,93270,151],{"class":62},[48,93272,2904],{"class":99},[48,93274,87],{"class":62},[48,93276,5387],{"class":99},[48,93278,162],{"class":62},[20,93280,93281],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[39,93283,93284],{"className":41,"code":91598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,93285,93286],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93287,93288,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93289,276],{"class":147},[48,93291,151],{"class":62},[48,93293,282],{"class":281},[48,93295,151],{"class":62},[48,93297,60548],{"class":147},[48,93299,151],{"class":62},[48,93301,2921],{"class":99},[48,93303,3693],{"class":62},[20,93305,168],{},[39,93307,93308],{"className":41,"code":60571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,93309,93310],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93311,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322,93324,93326,93328,93330,93332],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93313,682],{"class":62},[48,93315,2904],{"class":99},[48,93317,87],{"class":62},[48,93319,618],{"class":99},[48,93321,87],{"class":62},[48,93323,632],{"class":99},[48,93325,87],{"class":62},[48,93327,800],{"class":99},[48,93329,87],{"class":62},[48,93331,3241],{"class":99},[48,93333,1465],{"class":62},[34,93335,93337],{"id":93336},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93339,9642,93340,82891],{},[15,93341,36737],{},[39,93343,93345],{"className":41,"code":93344,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93346,93347,93361,93379,93401,93429],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93348,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93350,276],{"class":147},[48,93352,151],{"class":62},[48,93354,60548],{"class":147},[48,93356,151],{"class":62},[48,93358,2921],{"class":99},[48,93360,670],{"class":62},[48,93362,93363,93365,93367,93369,93371,93373,93375,93377],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,93364,276],{"class":147},[48,93366,151],{"class":62},[48,93368,282],{"class":281},[48,93370,151],{"class":62},[48,93372,60548],{"class":147},[48,93374,151],{"class":62},[48,93376,2921],{"class":99},[48,93378,3693],{"class":62},[48,93380,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391,93393,93395,93397,93399],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,93382,276],{"class":147},[48,93384,151],{"class":62},[48,93386,282],{"class":281},[48,93388,151],{"class":62},[48,93390,60548],{"class":147},[48,93392,151],{"class":62},[48,93394,2842],{"class":99},[48,93396,87],{"class":62},[48,93398,7134],{"class":99},[48,93400,3693],{"class":62},[48,93402,93403,93405,93407,93409,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423,93425,93427],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,93404,276],{"class":147},[48,93406,151],{"class":62},[48,93408,282],{"class":281},[48,93410,151],{"class":62},[48,93412,60548],{"class":147},[48,93414,151],{"class":62},[48,93416,3114],{"class":99},[48,93418,87],{"class":62},[48,93420,4616],{"class":99},[48,93422,87],{"class":62},[48,93424,3006],{"class":58},[48,93426,2842],{"class":99},[48,93428,3693],{"class":62},[48,93430,93431,93433,93435,93437,93439,93441,93443,93445],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,93432,276],{"class":147},[48,93434,151],{"class":62},[48,93436,2094],{"class":281},[48,93438,151],{"class":62},[48,93440,60548],{"class":147},[48,93442,151],{"class":62},[48,93444,2921],{"class":99},[48,93446,3693],{"class":62},[20,93448,26540],{},[209,93450,93451,93454,93457],{},[212,93452,93453],{},"what values are being created",[212,93455,93456],{},"whether the direction is correct",[212,93458,93459,93460,25148],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93461,60548],{},[34,93463,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,93465,2606,93467,93469],{"id":93466},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93468,36737],{}," include the last number?",[20,93471,93472],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1752,93474,5935,93476,93478,93479,2623],{"id":93475},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93477,91405],{}," start at ",[15,93480,2904],{},[20,93482,93483,93484,134],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93485,2904],{},[1752,93487,5947,93489,93491],{"id":93488},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93490,36737],{}," count backward?",[20,93493,93494,93495,134],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93496,93497],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1752,93499,15632,93501,26575],{"id":93500},"is-range-a-list",[15,93502,36737],{},[20,93504,26578,93505,93507,93508,2616],{},[15,93506,60548],{}," object. Use ",[15,93509,93510],{},"list(range(...))",[1752,93512,5935,93514,49230],{"id":93513},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93515,93516],{},"range(input())",[20,93518,93519,4264,93521,134],{},[15,93520,3739],{},[15,93522,93523],{},"int(input())",[34,93525,2679],{"id":2678},[209,93527,93528,93532,93538,93544,93550],{},[212,93529,93530],{},[348,93531,36567],{"href":36566},[212,93533,93534],{},[348,93535,4356,93536,4289],{"href":42901},[15,93537,42904],{},[212,93539,93540],{},[348,93541,4356,93542,4289],{"href":92574},[15,93543,36287],{},[212,93545,93546],{},[348,93547,38059,93548,37148],{"href":37144},[15,93549,36287],{},[212,93551,93552],{},[348,93553,51070,93554],{"href":51069},[15,93555,51073],{},[2711,93557,93558],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":93560},[93561,93562,93564,93570,93578,93585,93587,93599,93600,93612],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":91414,"depth":106,"text":93563},"What range() does",{"id":91507,"depth":106,"text":93565,"children":93566},"range() syntax",[93567,93568,93569],{"id":91587,"depth":113,"text":91590},{"id":91651,"depth":113,"text":91654},{"id":91719,"depth":113,"text":91722},{"id":91790,"depth":106,"text":91791,"children":93571},[93572,93573,93574,93575,93576],{"id":91797,"depth":113,"text":91405},{"id":91860,"depth":113,"text":91863},{"id":91924,"depth":113,"text":91927},{"id":92000,"depth":113,"text":92001},{"id":77364,"depth":113,"text":93577},"step cannot be 0",{"id":92159,"depth":106,"text":93579,"children":93580},"Using range() in a for loop",[93581,93582,93583],{"id":92261,"depth":113,"text":92262},{"id":92306,"depth":113,"text":92307},{"id":92386,"depth":113,"text":93584},"range() and indexing",{"id":92661,"depth":106,"text":93586},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":93588},[93589,93590,93592,93593,93595,93597],{"id":92844,"depth":113,"text":92845},{"id":92940,"depth":113,"text":93591},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":93006,"depth":113,"text":93007},{"id":93141,"depth":113,"text":93594},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93198,"depth":113,"text":93596},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93232,"depth":113,"text":93598},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93336,"depth":106,"text":93337},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":93601},[93602,93604,93606,93608,93610],{"id":93466,"depth":113,"text":93603},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93475,"depth":113,"text":93605},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93488,"depth":113,"text":93607},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93500,"depth":113,"text":93609},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93513,"depth":113,"text":93611},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91308,"description":93613},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93620,"title":93621,"body":93622,"description":95295,"extension":2749,"meta":95296,"navigation":109,"path":95297,"seo":95298,"stem":95299,"__hash__":95300},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93623,"toc":95268},[93624,93633,93640,93657,93673,93675,93724,93732,93736,93739,93759,93761,93825,93827,93870,93873,93919,93921,93954,93964,93970,93978,93995,93997,94028,94030,94055,94060,94071,94074,94144,94146,94177,94182,94187,94204,94206,94257,94259,94292,94295,94302,94307,94311,94327,94329,94373,94375,94421,94424,94437,94442,94446,94460,94462,94513,94515,94548,94553,94555,94562,94564,94587,94589,94654,94656,94673,94676,94709,94711,94739,94749,94756,94760,94763,94781,94784,94812,94815,94833,94838,94844,94847,94869,94871,94899,94901,94904,94929,94932,95045,95047,95126,95128,95134,95139,95147,95155,95159,95162,95164,95197,95199,95207,95213,95220,95227,95230,95232,95265],[10,93625,4356,93627,1306,93629,93632],{"id":93626},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93628,36737],{},[15,93630,93631],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93634,93635,5174,93637,93639],{},[15,93636,36737],{},[15,93638,93631],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[209,93641,93642,93650],{},[212,93643,93644,93646,93647],{},[15,93645,36737],{}," creates a ",[166,93648,93649],{},"range object",[212,93651,93652,93646,93654],{},[15,93653,93631],{},[166,93655,93656],{},"real list",[20,93658,93659,93660,93662,93663,93666,93667,93669,93670,93672],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93661,91405],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93664,93665],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93668,36737],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93671,93631],{}," when you actually need a list.",[34,93674,4390],{"id":4389},[39,93676,93678],{"className":41,"code":93677,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93679,93680,93694,93707],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93681,93682,93684,93686,93688,93690,93692],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93683,2232],{"class":54},[48,93685,59],{"class":58},[48,93687,54618],{"class":147},[48,93689,151],{"class":62},[48,93691,2921],{"class":99},[48,93693,162],{"class":62},[48,93695,93696,93698,93700,93702,93704],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,93697,276],{"class":147},[48,93699,151],{"class":62},[48,93701,2411],{"class":137},[48,93703,4442],{"class":62},[48,93705,93706],{"class":4445},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[48,93708,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717,93719,93721],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,93710,276],{"class":147},[48,93712,151],{"class":62},[48,93714,282],{"class":281},[48,93716,151],{"class":62},[48,93718,2411],{"class":137},[48,93720,6139],{"class":62},[48,93722,93723],{"class":4445},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93725,189,93726,93728,93729,93731],{},[15,93727,36737],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93730,93631],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[34,93733,93735],{"id":93734},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93737,93738],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[209,93740,93741,93748,93753,93756],{},[212,93742,93743,573,93745,93747],{},[15,93744,36737],{},[166,93746,93649],{},", not a list",[212,93749,93750,93752],{},[15,93751,93631],{}," converts that range object into a list",[212,93754,93755],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[212,93757,93758],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93760,226],{},[39,93762,93764],{"className":41,"code":93763,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93765,93766,93781,93800,93804,93814],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93767,93768,93771,93773,93775,93777,93779],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93769,93770],{"class":54},"r ",[48,93772,59],{"class":58},[48,93774,54618],{"class":147},[48,93776,151],{"class":62},[48,93778,2921],{"class":99},[48,93780,162],{"class":62},[48,93782,93783,93786,93788,93790,93792,93794,93796,93798],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,93784,93785],{"class":54},"lst ",[48,93787,59],{"class":58},[48,93789,1191],{"class":281},[48,93791,151],{"class":62},[48,93793,60548],{"class":147},[48,93795,151],{"class":62},[48,93797,2921],{"class":99},[48,93799,670],{"class":62},[48,93801,93802],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,93803,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,93805,93806,93808,93810,93812],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,93807,276],{"class":147},[48,93809,151],{"class":62},[48,93811,61055],{"class":137},[48,93813,162],{"class":62},[48,93815,93816,93818,93820,93823],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,93817,276],{"class":147},[48,93819,151],{"class":62},[48,93821,93822],{"class":137},"lst",[48,93824,162],{"class":62},[20,93826,168],{},[39,93828,93830],{"className":41,"code":93829,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93831,93832,93846],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93833,93834,93836,93838,93840,93842,93844],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93835,60548],{"class":147},[48,93837,151],{"class":62},[48,93839,2904],{"class":99},[48,93841,87],{"class":62},[48,93843,5387],{"class":99},[48,93845,162],{"class":62},[48,93847,93848,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,93849,682],{"class":62},[48,93851,2904],{"class":99},[48,93853,87],{"class":62},[48,93855,618],{"class":99},[48,93857,87],{"class":62},[48,93859,632],{"class":99},[48,93861,87],{"class":62},[48,93863,800],{"class":99},[48,93865,87],{"class":62},[48,93867,3241],{"class":99},[48,93869,1465],{"class":62},[20,93871,93872],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[39,93874,93876],{"className":41,"code":93875,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93877,93878,93896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93879,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93881,276],{"class":147},[48,93883,151],{"class":62},[48,93885,2094],{"class":281},[48,93887,151],{"class":62},[48,93889,60548],{"class":147},[48,93891,151],{"class":62},[48,93893,2921],{"class":99},[48,93895,3693],{"class":62},[48,93897,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,93899,276],{"class":147},[48,93901,151],{"class":62},[48,93903,2094],{"class":281},[48,93905,151],{"class":62},[48,93907,282],{"class":281},[48,93909,151],{"class":62},[48,93911,60548],{"class":147},[48,93913,151],{"class":62},[48,93915,2921],{"class":99},[48,93917,93918],{"class":62},"))))\n",[20,93920,168],{},[39,93922,93924],{"className":41,"code":93923,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93925,93926,93940],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93927,93928,93930,93932,93934,93936,93938],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93929,2168],{"class":58},[48,93931,2171],{"class":915},[48,93933,320],{"class":66},[48,93935,60548],{"class":70},[48,93937,311],{"class":66},[48,93939,2180],{"class":58},[48,93941,93942,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,93943,2168],{"class":58},[48,93945,2171],{"class":915},[48,93947,320],{"class":66},[48,93949,282],{"class":70},[48,93951,311],{"class":66},[48,93953,2180],{"class":58},[20,93955,93956,93957,93959,93960,134],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93958,36737],{}," works, see ",[348,93961,4356,93962,4289],{"href":93615},[15,93963,36737],{},[34,93965,196,93967,93969],{"id":93966},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93968,36737],{}," gives you",[20,93971,93972,93974,93975,93977],{},[15,93973,36737],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93976,117],{}," loops.",[209,93979,93980,93983,93986,93989],{},[212,93981,93982],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[212,93984,93985],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[212,93987,93988],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[212,93990,93991,93992],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93993,93994],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93996,226],{},[39,93998,94000],{"className":41,"code":93999,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,94001,94002,94018],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94003,94004,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94005,117],{"class":116},[48,94007,70099],{"class":54},[48,94009,128],{"class":116},[48,94011,54618],{"class":147},[48,94013,151],{"class":62},[48,94015,2921],{"class":99},[48,94017,9109],{"class":62},[48,94019,94020,94022,94024,94026],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94021,148],{"class":147},[48,94023,151],{"class":62},[48,94025,36693],{"class":137},[48,94027,162],{"class":62},[20,94029,168],{},[39,94031,94033],{"className":41,"code":94032,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,94034,94035,94039,94043,94047,94051],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94036,94037],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94038,47797],{"class":99},[48,94040,94041],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94042,47462],{"class":99},[48,94044,94045],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94046,17784],{"class":99},[48,94048,94049],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,94050,47162],{"class":99},[48,94052,94053],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,94054,49196],{"class":99},[20,94056,21489,94057,94059],{},[15,94058,91405],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,94061,94062,94063,94065,94066,134],{},"This is one reason ",[15,94064,36737],{}," is so common with ",[348,94067,4356,94069,91436],{"href":94068},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,94070,117],{},[20,94072,94073],{},"You can also inspect it:",[39,94075,94077],{"className":41,"code":94076,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,94078,94079,94101,94105,94115,94129],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94080,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097,94099],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94082,93770],{"class":54},[48,94084,59],{"class":58},[48,94086,54618],{"class":147},[48,94088,151],{"class":62},[48,94090,2842],{"class":99},[48,94092,87],{"class":62},[48,94094,2493],{"class":99},[48,94096,87],{"class":62},[48,94098,632],{"class":99},[48,94100,162],{"class":62},[48,94102,94103],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94104,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,94106,94107,94109,94111,94113],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94108,276],{"class":147},[48,94110,151],{"class":62},[48,94112,61055],{"class":137},[48,94114,162],{"class":62},[48,94116,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,94118,276],{"class":147},[48,94120,151],{"class":62},[48,94122,11914],{"class":147},[48,94124,151],{"class":62},[48,94126,61055],{"class":137},[48,94128,670],{"class":62},[48,94130,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94142],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,94132,276],{"class":147},[48,94134,151],{"class":62},[48,94136,81145],{"class":99},[48,94138,21891],{"class":116},[48,94140,94141],{"class":137}," r",[48,94143,162],{"class":62},[20,94145,168],{},[39,94147,94149],{"className":41,"code":94148,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,94150,94151,94169,94173],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94152,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94154,60548],{"class":147},[48,94156,151],{"class":62},[48,94158,2842],{"class":99},[48,94160,87],{"class":62},[48,94162,2493],{"class":99},[48,94164,87],{"class":62},[48,94166,632],{"class":99},[48,94168,162],{"class":62},[48,94170,94171],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94172,49196],{"class":99},[48,94174,94175],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94176,4761],{"class":1642},[34,94178,196,94180,93969],{"id":94179},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,94181,93631],{},[20,94183,94184,94186],{},[15,94185,93631],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[209,94188,94189,94192,94195,94198],{},[212,94190,94191],{},"It creates all values at once",[212,94193,94194],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[212,94196,94197],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[212,94199,94200,94201,94203],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,94202,36737],{}," for very large sequences",[20,94205,226],{},[39,94207,94209],{"className":41,"code":94208,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,94210,94211,94229,94233,94243],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94212,94213,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94214,2232],{"class":54},[48,94216,59],{"class":58},[48,94218,1191],{"class":281},[48,94220,151],{"class":62},[48,94222,60548],{"class":147},[48,94224,151],{"class":62},[48,94226,2921],{"class":99},[48,94228,670],{"class":62},[48,94230,94231],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94232,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,94234,94235,94237,94239,94241],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94236,276],{"class":147},[48,94238,151],{"class":62},[48,94240,2411],{"class":137},[48,94242,162],{"class":62},[48,94244,94245,94247,94249,94251,94253,94255],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,94246,276],{"class":147},[48,94248,151],{"class":62},[48,94250,2411],{"class":137},[48,94252,682],{"class":62},[48,94254,2842],{"class":99},[48,94256,4670],{"class":62},[20,94258,168],{},[39,94260,94262],{"className":41,"code":94261,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,94263,94264,94288],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94265,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94267,682],{"class":62},[48,94269,2904],{"class":99},[48,94271,87],{"class":62},[48,94273,618],{"class":99},[48,94275,87],{"class":62},[48,94277,632],{"class":99},[48,94279,87],{"class":62},[48,94281,800],{"class":99},[48,94283,87],{"class":62},[48,94285,3241],{"class":99},[48,94287,1465],{"class":62},[48,94289,94290],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94291,17784],{"class":99},[20,94293,94294],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94296,94297,94298,134],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[348,94299,4356,94300,4289],{"href":65398},[15,94301,25312],{},[34,94303,1545,94305],{"id":94304},"when-to-use-range",[15,94306,36737],{},[20,94308,189,94309,11355],{},[15,94310,36737],{},[209,94312,94313,94318,94321,94324],{},[212,94314,94315,94316,92165],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94317,117],{},[212,94319,94320],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[212,94322,94323],{},"You are working with large sequences",[212,94325,94326],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94328,226],{},[39,94330,94332],{"className":41,"code":94331,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94333,94334,94354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94335,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350,94352],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94337,117],{"class":116},[48,94339,70099],{"class":54},[48,94341,128],{"class":116},[48,94343,54618],{"class":147},[48,94345,151],{"class":62},[48,94347,3770],{"class":99},[48,94349,87],{"class":62},[48,94351,38184],{"class":99},[48,94353,9109],{"class":62},[48,94355,94356,94358,94360,94362,94365,94367,94369,94371],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94357,148],{"class":147},[48,94359,151],{"class":62},[48,94361,67],{"class":66},[48,94363,94364],{"class":70},"Count:",[48,94366,67],{"class":66},[48,94368,87],{"class":62},[48,94370,36668],{"class":137},[48,94372,162],{"class":62},[20,94374,168],{},[39,94376,94378],{"className":41,"code":94377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94379,94380,94389,94397,94405,94413],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94381,94382,94385,94387],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94383,94384],{"class":54},"Count",[48,94386,76],{"class":62},[48,94388,30148],{"class":99},[48,94390,94391,94393,94395],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94392,94384],{"class":54},[48,94394,76],{"class":62},[48,94396,46134],{"class":99},[48,94398,94399,94401,94403],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94400,94384],{"class":54},[48,94402,76],{"class":62},[48,94404,698],{"class":99},[48,94406,94407,94409,94411],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,94408,94384],{"class":54},[48,94410,76],{"class":62},[48,94412,2333],{"class":99},[48,94414,94415,94417,94419],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,94416,94384],{"class":54},[48,94418,76],{"class":62},[48,94420,35379],{"class":99},[20,94422,94423],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94425,94426,94427,94429,94430,62838,94432,134],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94428,36287],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94431,37138],{},[348,94433,37145,94435,37148],{"href":94434},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94436,36287],{},[34,94438,1545,94440],{"id":94439},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94441,93631],{},[20,94443,189,94444,11355],{},[15,94445,93631],{},[209,94447,94448,94451,94454,94457],{},[212,94449,94450],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[212,94452,94453],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[212,94455,94456],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[212,94458,94459],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94461,226],{},[39,94463,94465],{"className":41,"code":94464,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94466,94467,94485,94499,94503],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94468,94469,94471,94473,94475,94477,94479,94481,94483],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94470,2232],{"class":54},[48,94472,59],{"class":58},[48,94474,1191],{"class":281},[48,94476,151],{"class":62},[48,94478,60548],{"class":147},[48,94480,151],{"class":62},[48,94482,2921],{"class":99},[48,94484,670],{"class":62},[48,94486,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94488,2411],{"class":54},[48,94490,134],{"class":62},[48,94492,14287],{"class":137},[48,94494,151],{"class":62},[48,94496,2921],{"class":99},[48,94498,162],{"class":62},[48,94500,94501],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94502,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,94504,94505,94507,94509,94511],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,94506,276],{"class":147},[48,94508,151],{"class":62},[48,94510,2411],{"class":137},[48,94512,162],{"class":62},[20,94514,168],{},[39,94516,94518],{"className":41,"code":94517,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94519,94520],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94521,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94523,682],{"class":62},[48,94525,2904],{"class":99},[48,94527,87],{"class":62},[48,94529,618],{"class":99},[48,94531,87],{"class":62},[48,94533,632],{"class":99},[48,94535,87],{"class":62},[48,94537,800],{"class":99},[48,94539,87],{"class":62},[48,94541,3241],{"class":99},[48,94543,87],{"class":62},[48,94545,5387],{"class":99},[48,94547,1465],{"class":62},[20,94549,6835,94550,94552],{},[15,94551,2411],{}," is a list.",[34,94554,16325],{"id":16324},[20,94556,94557,94559,94560,134],{},[15,94558,36737],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[166,94561,38138],{},[20,94563,579],{},[209,94565,94566,94568,94573,94578,94581],{},[212,94567,584],{},[212,94569,94570,94571],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94572,42904],{},[212,94574,94575,94576],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94577,128],{},[212,94579,94580],{},"You can index it",[212,94582,94583,94584,94586],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94585,53200],{}," do not work on it",[20,94588,226],{},[39,94590,94592],{"className":41,"code":94591,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94593,94594,94608,94612,94626,94640],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94595,94596,94598,94600,94602,94604,94606],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94597,93770],{"class":54},[48,94599,59],{"class":58},[48,94601,54618],{"class":147},[48,94603,151],{"class":62},[48,94605,2921],{"class":99},[48,94607,162],{"class":62},[48,94609,94610],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94611,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,94613,94614,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94615,276],{"class":147},[48,94617,151],{"class":62},[48,94619,61055],{"class":137},[48,94621,682],{"class":62},[48,94623,2842],{"class":99},[48,94625,4670],{"class":62},[48,94627,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,94629,276],{"class":147},[48,94631,151],{"class":62},[48,94633,11914],{"class":147},[48,94635,151],{"class":62},[48,94637,61055],{"class":137},[48,94639,670],{"class":62},[48,94641,94642,94644,94646,94648,94650,94652],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,94643,276],{"class":147},[48,94645,151],{"class":62},[48,94647,2848],{"class":99},[48,94649,21891],{"class":116},[48,94651,94141],{"class":137},[48,94653,162],{"class":62},[20,94655,168],{},[39,94657,94659],{"className":41,"code":94658,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94660,94661,94665,94669],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94662,94663],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94664,17784],{"class":99},[48,94666,94667],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94668,3728],{"class":99},[48,94670,94671],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94672,4761],{"class":1642},[20,94674,94675],{},"Now compare that with this:",[39,94677,94679],{"className":41,"code":94678,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94680,94681,94695],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94682,94683,94685,94687,94689,94691,94693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94684,93770],{"class":54},[48,94686,59],{"class":58},[48,94688,54618],{"class":147},[48,94690,151],{"class":62},[48,94692,2921],{"class":99},[48,94694,162],{"class":62},[48,94696,94697,94699,94701,94703,94705,94707],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94698,61055],{"class":54},[48,94700,134],{"class":62},[48,94702,14287],{"class":137},[48,94704,151],{"class":62},[48,94706,2921],{"class":99},[48,94708,162],{"class":62},[20,94710,168],{},[39,94712,94714],{"className":41,"code":94713,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94715,94716],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94717,94718,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94733,94735,94737],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94719,26203],{"class":281},[48,94721,76],{"class":62},[48,94723,320],{"class":66},[48,94725,60548],{"class":70},[48,94727,311],{"class":66},[48,94729,25148],{"class":281},[48,94731,94732],{"class":54}," has no attribute ",[48,94734,311],{"class":66},[48,94736,14287],{"class":70},[48,94738,30233],{"class":66},[20,94740,94741,94742,2973,94744,2977,94746,94748],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94743,53200],{},[15,94745,56077],{},[15,94747,64862],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94750,94751,94752,134],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[348,94753,26211,94754],{"href":35957},[15,94755,34791],{},[34,94757,94759],{"id":94758},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94761,94762],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[39,94764,94765],{"className":41,"code":93241,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,94766,94767],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94768,94769,94771,94773,94775,94777,94779],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94770,276],{"class":147},[48,94772,151],{"class":62},[48,94774,60548],{"class":147},[48,94776,151],{"class":62},[48,94778,2921],{"class":99},[48,94780,670],{"class":62},[20,94782,94783],{},"to show:",[39,94785,94786],{"className":41,"code":60571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,94787,94788],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94789,94790,94792,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94804,94806,94808,94810],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94791,682],{"class":62},[48,94793,2904],{"class":99},[48,94795,87],{"class":62},[48,94797,618],{"class":99},[48,94799,87],{"class":62},[48,94801,632],{"class":99},[48,94803,87],{"class":62},[48,94805,800],{"class":99},[48,94807,87],{"class":62},[48,94809,3241],{"class":99},[48,94811,1465],{"class":62},[20,94813,94814],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[39,94816,94817],{"className":41,"code":93262,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,94818,94819],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94820,94821,94823,94825,94827,94829,94831],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94822,60548],{"class":147},[48,94824,151],{"class":62},[48,94826,2904],{"class":99},[48,94828,87],{"class":62},[48,94830,5387],{"class":99},[48,94832,162],{"class":62},[20,94834,5410,94835,94837],{},[166,94836,5413],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94839,94840,94841,94843],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[166,94842,93649],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94845,94846],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[39,94848,94849],{"className":41,"code":91598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,94850,94851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94852,94853,94855,94857,94859,94861,94863,94865,94867],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94854,276],{"class":147},[48,94856,151],{"class":62},[48,94858,282],{"class":281},[48,94860,151],{"class":62},[48,94862,60548],{"class":147},[48,94864,151],{"class":62},[48,94866,2921],{"class":99},[48,94868,3693],{"class":62},[20,94870,168],{},[39,94872,94873],{"className":41,"code":60571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,94874,94875],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94876,94877,94879,94881,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893,94895,94897],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94878,682],{"class":62},[48,94880,2904],{"class":99},[48,94882,87],{"class":62},[48,94884,618],{"class":99},[48,94886,87],{"class":62},[48,94888,632],{"class":99},[48,94890,87],{"class":62},[48,94892,800],{"class":99},[48,94894,87],{"class":62},[48,94896,3241],{"class":99},[48,94898,1465],{"class":62},[34,94900,1745],{"id":1744},[20,94902,94903],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[209,94905,94906,94912,94915,94921],{},[212,94907,9185,94908,94911],{},[15,94909,94910],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[212,94913,94914],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[212,94916,94917,94918,94920],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94919,36737],{}," is iterable but not a list",[212,94922,9185,94923,94925,94926,94928],{},[15,94924,93631],{}," when plain ",[15,94927,36737],{}," would be simpler",[20,94930,94931],{},"These quick checks can help:",[39,94933,94935],{"className":41,"code":94934,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94936,94937,94951,94969,94987,95009,95027],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94938,94939,94941,94943,94945,94947,94949],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94940,276],{"class":147},[48,94942,151],{"class":62},[48,94944,60548],{"class":147},[48,94946,151],{"class":62},[48,94948,2921],{"class":99},[48,94950,670],{"class":62},[48,94952,94953,94955,94957,94959,94961,94963,94965,94967],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,94954,276],{"class":147},[48,94956,151],{"class":62},[48,94958,282],{"class":281},[48,94960,151],{"class":62},[48,94962,60548],{"class":147},[48,94964,151],{"class":62},[48,94966,2921],{"class":99},[48,94968,3693],{"class":62},[48,94970,94971,94973,94975,94977,94979,94981,94983,94985],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,94972,276],{"class":147},[48,94974,151],{"class":62},[48,94976,2094],{"class":281},[48,94978,151],{"class":62},[48,94980,60548],{"class":147},[48,94982,151],{"class":62},[48,94984,2921],{"class":99},[48,94986,3693],{"class":62},[48,94988,94989,94991,94993,94995,94997,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,94990,276],{"class":147},[48,94992,151],{"class":62},[48,94994,2094],{"class":281},[48,94996,151],{"class":62},[48,94998,282],{"class":281},[48,95000,151],{"class":62},[48,95002,60548],{"class":147},[48,95004,151],{"class":62},[48,95006,2921],{"class":99},[48,95008,93918],{"class":62},[48,95010,95011,95013,95015,95017,95019,95021,95023,95025],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,95012,276],{"class":147},[48,95014,151],{"class":62},[48,95016,2848],{"class":99},[48,95018,21891],{"class":116},[48,95020,54618],{"class":147},[48,95022,151],{"class":62},[48,95024,2921],{"class":99},[48,95026,670],{"class":62},[48,95028,95029,95031,95033,95035,95037,95039,95041,95043],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,95030,276],{"class":147},[48,95032,151],{"class":62},[48,95034,11914],{"class":147},[48,95036,151],{"class":62},[48,95038,60548],{"class":147},[48,95040,151],{"class":62},[48,95042,2921],{"class":99},[48,95044,3693],{"class":62},[20,95046,168],{},[39,95048,95050],{"className":41,"code":95049,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,95051,95052,95066,95090,95104,95118,95122],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95053,95054,95056,95058,95060,95062,95064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95055,60548],{"class":147},[48,95057,151],{"class":62},[48,95059,2904],{"class":99},[48,95061,87],{"class":62},[48,95063,5387],{"class":99},[48,95065,162],{"class":62},[48,95067,95068,95070,95072,95074,95076,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95069,682],{"class":62},[48,95071,2904],{"class":99},[48,95073,87],{"class":62},[48,95075,618],{"class":99},[48,95077,87],{"class":62},[48,95079,632],{"class":99},[48,95081,87],{"class":62},[48,95083,800],{"class":99},[48,95085,87],{"class":62},[48,95087,3241],{"class":99},[48,95089,1465],{"class":62},[48,95091,95092,95094,95096,95098,95100,95102],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,95093,2168],{"class":58},[48,95095,2171],{"class":915},[48,95097,320],{"class":66},[48,95099,60548],{"class":70},[48,95101,311],{"class":66},[48,95103,2180],{"class":58},[48,95105,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114,95116],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,95107,2168],{"class":58},[48,95109,2171],{"class":915},[48,95111,320],{"class":66},[48,95113,282],{"class":70},[48,95115,311],{"class":66},[48,95117,2180],{"class":58},[48,95119,95120],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,95121,4761],{"class":1642},[48,95123,95124],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,95125,3728],{"class":99},[34,95127,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,95129,15632,95131,95133],{"id":95130},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,95132,36737],{}," a list in Python?",[20,95135,46910,95136,95138],{},[15,95137,36737],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1752,95140,95142,95143,11844,95145,2623],{"id":95141},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,95144,36737],{},[15,95146,93631],{},[20,95148,95149,95151,95152,95154],{},[15,95150,36737],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,95153,93631],{}," creates a full list.",[1752,95156,95158],{"id":95157},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,95160,95161],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,95163,226],{},[39,95165,95167],{"className":41,"code":95166,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,95168,95169,95183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95170,95171,95173,95175,95177,95179,95181],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95172,93770],{"class":54},[48,95174,59],{"class":58},[48,95176,54618],{"class":147},[48,95178,151],{"class":62},[48,95180,2921],{"class":99},[48,95182,162],{"class":62},[48,95184,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193,95195],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95186,276],{"class":147},[48,95188,151],{"class":62},[48,95190,61055],{"class":137},[48,95192,682],{"class":62},[48,95194,3770],{"class":99},[48,95196,4670],{"class":62},[20,95198,168],{},[39,95200,95201],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,95202,95203],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95204,95205],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95206,47462],{"class":99},[1752,95208,5935,95210,95212],{"id":95209},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,95211,94910],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,95214,95215,95216,95219],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,95217,95218],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1752,95221,95223,95224,95226],{"id":95222},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,95225,36737],{}," to a list?",[20,95228,95229],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[34,95231,2679],{"id":2678},[209,95233,95234,95240,95246,95253,95259],{},[212,95235,95236],{},[348,95237,4356,95238,4289],{"href":93615},[15,95239,36737],{},[212,95241,95242],{},[348,95243,4356,95244,4289],{"href":65398},[15,95245,25312],{},[212,95247,95248],{},[348,95249,4356,95250,95252],{"href":94068},[15,95251,117],{}," loops explained",[212,95254,95255],{},[348,95256,38059,95257,37148],{"href":94434},[15,95258,36287],{},[212,95260,95261],{},[348,95262,26654,95263],{"href":35957},[15,95264,34791],{},[2711,95266,95267],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":95269},[95270,95271,95272,95274,95276,95278,95280,95281,95282,95283,95294],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":93734,"depth":106,"text":93735},{"id":93966,"depth":106,"text":95273},"What range() gives you",{"id":94179,"depth":106,"text":95275},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94304,"depth":106,"text":95277},"When to use range()",{"id":94439,"depth":106,"text":95279},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16324,"depth":106,"text":16325},{"id":94758,"depth":106,"text":94759},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":95284},[95285,95287,95289,95290,95292],{"id":95130,"depth":113,"text":95286},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":95141,"depth":113,"text":95288},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":95157,"depth":113,"text":95158},{"id":95209,"depth":113,"text":95291},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95222,"depth":113,"text":95293},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93621,"description":95295},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95302,"title":95303,"body":95304,"description":96740,"extension":2749,"meta":96741,"navigation":109,"path":96742,"seo":96743,"stem":96744,"__hash__":96745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95305,"toc":96706},[95306,95312,95317,95320,95334,95337,95339,95378,95380,95393,95401,95406,95422,95425,95427,95429,95450,95467,95470,95529,95531,95550,95555,95561,95564,95598,95600,95613,95616,95661,95663,95686,95693,95699,95702,95743,95745,95759,95762,95820,95822,95837,95850,95856,95862,95927,95929,95948,95950,95968,95971,95975,95981,95983,96016,96018,96031,96041,96044,96105,96107,96128,96131,96133,96149,96154,96158,96163,96168,96224,96226,96244,96247,96292,96294,96302,96307,96311,96325,96327,96359,96361,96370,96372,96376,96385,96388,96420,96422,96434,96437,96441,96446,96487,96489,96497,96500,96523,96527,96529,96538,96541,96594,96596,96605,96609,96614,96625,96627,96636,96639,96645,96648,96654,96664,96672,96679,96681,96703],[10,95307,4356,95309,4360],{"id":95308},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95310,95311],{},"round()",[20,95313,9890,95314,95316],{},[15,95315,95311],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95318,95319],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[209,95321,95322,95328],{},[212,95323,95324,95327],{},[15,95325,95326],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[212,95329,95330,95333],{},[15,95331,95332],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95335,95336],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[34,95338,37],{"id":36},[39,95340,95342],{"className":41,"code":95341,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95343,95344,95360],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95345,95346,95348,95350,95353,95355,95358],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95347,276],{"class":147},[48,95349,151],{"class":62},[48,95351,95352],{"class":147},"round",[48,95354,151],{"class":62},[48,95356,95357],{"class":99},"3.14159",[48,95359,670],{"class":62},[48,95361,95362,95364,95366,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95363,276],{"class":147},[48,95365,151],{"class":62},[48,95367,95352],{"class":147},[48,95369,151],{"class":62},[48,95371,95357],{"class":99},[48,95373,87],{"class":62},[48,95375,632],{"class":99},[48,95377,670],{"class":62},[20,95379,168],{},[39,95381,95383],{"className":41,"code":95382,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95384,95385,95389],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95386,95387],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95388,47162],{"class":99},[48,95390,95391],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95392,40719],{"class":99},[20,95394,189,95395,95397,95398,95400],{},[15,95396,95326],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95399,95332],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[34,95402,196,95404,199],{"id":95403},"what-round-does",[15,95405,95311],{},[209,95407,95408,95413,95416,95419],{},[212,95409,95410,95412],{},[15,95411,95311],{}," is a built-in Python function",[212,95414,95415],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[212,95417,95418],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[212,95420,95421],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95423,95424],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[34,95426,360],{"id":359},[20,95428,2944],{},[39,95430,95432],{"className":41,"code":95431,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95433,95434],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95435,95436,95438,95440,95442,95445,95448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95437,95352],{"class":147},[48,95439,151],{"class":62},[48,95441,3023],{"class":137},[48,95443,95444],{"class":62},"[,",[48,95446,95447],{"class":137}," ndigits",[48,95449,4670],{"class":62},[209,95451,95452,95457,95462],{},[212,95453,95454,95456],{},[15,95455,3023],{}," is the value to round",[212,95458,95459,20758],{},[15,95460,95461],{},"ndigits",[212,95463,95464,95466],{},[15,95465,95461],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95468,95469],{},"Basic examples:",[39,95471,95473],{"className":41,"code":95472,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95474,95475,95490,95508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95476,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485,95488],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95478,276],{"class":147},[48,95480,151],{"class":62},[48,95482,95352],{"class":147},[48,95484,151],{"class":62},[48,95486,95487],{"class":99},"7.8",[48,95489,670],{"class":62},[48,95491,95492,95494,95496,95498,95500,95502,95504,95506],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95493,276],{"class":147},[48,95495,151],{"class":62},[48,95497,95352],{"class":147},[48,95499,151],{"class":62},[48,95501,95487],{"class":99},[48,95503,87],{"class":62},[48,95505,618],{"class":99},[48,95507,670],{"class":62},[48,95509,95510,95512,95514,95516,95518,95521,95523,95525,95527],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,95511,276],{"class":147},[48,95513,151],{"class":62},[48,95515,95352],{"class":147},[48,95517,151],{"class":62},[48,95519,95520],{"class":99},"1234",[48,95522,87],{"class":62},[48,95524,3006],{"class":58},[48,95526,2842],{"class":99},[48,95528,670],{"class":62},[20,95530,168],{},[39,95532,95534],{"className":41,"code":95533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95535,95536,95540,95545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95537,95538],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95539,3165],{"class":99},[48,95541,95542],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95543,95544],{"class":99},"7.8\n",[48,95546,95547],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,95548,95549],{"class":99},"1200\n",[20,95551,95552,95553,134],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[348,95554,3204],{"href":3203},[34,95556,9185,95558,95560],{"id":95557},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95559,95311],{}," with one argument",[20,95562,95563],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[39,95565,95567],{"className":41,"code":95566,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95568,95569,95583],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95570,95571,95573,95575,95577,95579,95581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95572,276],{"class":147},[48,95574,151],{"class":62},[48,95576,95352],{"class":147},[48,95578,151],{"class":62},[48,95580,3146],{"class":99},[48,95582,670],{"class":62},[48,95584,95585,95587,95589,95591,95593,95596],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95586,276],{"class":147},[48,95588,151],{"class":62},[48,95590,95352],{"class":147},[48,95592,151],{"class":62},[48,95594,95595],{"class":99},"4.8",[48,95597,670],{"class":62},[20,95599,168],{},[39,95601,95603],{"className":41,"code":95602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4\n5\n",[15,95604,95605,95609],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95606,95607],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95608,49196],{"class":99},[48,95610,95611],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95612,3728],{"class":99},[20,95614,95615],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[39,95617,95619],{"className":41,"code":95618,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95620,95621,95637,95647],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95622,95623,95625,95627,95630,95632,95635],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95624,449],{"class":54},[48,95626,59],{"class":58},[48,95628,95629],{"class":147}," round",[48,95631,151],{"class":62},[48,95633,95634],{"class":99},"10.2",[48,95636,162],{"class":62},[48,95638,95639,95641,95643,95645],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95640,276],{"class":147},[48,95642,151],{"class":62},[48,95644,474],{"class":137},[48,95646,162],{"class":62},[48,95648,95649,95651,95653,95655,95657,95659],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,95650,276],{"class":147},[48,95652,151],{"class":62},[48,95654,2094],{"class":281},[48,95656,151],{"class":62},[48,95658,474],{"class":137},[48,95660,670],{"class":62},[20,95662,168],{},[39,95664,95666],{"className":41,"code":95665,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95667,95668,95672],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95669,95670],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95671,3160],{"class":99},[48,95673,95674,95676,95678,95680,95682,95684],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95675,2168],{"class":58},[48,95677,2171],{"class":915},[48,95679,320],{"class":66},[48,95681,2972],{"class":70},[48,95683,311],{"class":66},[48,95685,2180],{"class":58},[20,95687,95688,95689,134],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[348,95690,4356,95691,4289],{"href":3656},[15,95692,3659],{},[34,95694,9185,95696,95698],{"id":95695},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95697,95311],{}," with decimal places",[20,95700,95701],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[39,95703,95705],{"className":41,"code":95704,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95706,95707,95725],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95708,95709,95711,95713,95715,95717,95719,95721,95723],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95710,276],{"class":147},[48,95712,151],{"class":62},[48,95714,95352],{"class":147},[48,95716,151],{"class":62},[48,95718,95357],{"class":99},[48,95720,87],{"class":62},[48,95722,632],{"class":99},[48,95724,670],{"class":62},[48,95726,95727,95729,95731,95733,95735,95737,95739,95741],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95728,276],{"class":147},[48,95730,151],{"class":62},[48,95732,95352],{"class":147},[48,95734,151],{"class":62},[48,95736,95357],{"class":99},[48,95738,87],{"class":62},[48,95740,800],{"class":99},[48,95742,670],{"class":62},[20,95744,168],{},[39,95746,95748],{"className":41,"code":95747,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95749,95750,95754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95751,95752],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95753,40719],{"class":99},[48,95755,95756],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95757,95758],{"class":99},"3.142\n",[20,95760,95761],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[39,95763,95765],{"className":41,"code":95764,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95766,95767,95776,95795,95799,95809],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95768,95769,95771,95773],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95770,40929],{"class":54},[48,95772,59],{"class":58},[48,95774,95775],{"class":99}," 19.9876\n",[48,95777,95778,95781,95783,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95779,95780],{"class":54},"rounded_price ",[48,95782,59],{"class":58},[48,95784,95629],{"class":147},[48,95786,151],{"class":62},[48,95788,25681],{"class":137},[48,95790,87],{"class":62},[48,95792,632],{"class":99},[48,95794,162],{"class":62},[48,95796,95797],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,95798,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,95800,95801,95803,95805,95807],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,95802,276],{"class":147},[48,95804,151],{"class":62},[48,95806,25681],{"class":137},[48,95808,162],{"class":62},[48,95810,95811,95813,95815,95818],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,95812,276],{"class":147},[48,95814,151],{"class":62},[48,95816,95817],{"class":137},"rounded_price",[48,95819,162],{"class":62},[20,95821,168],{},[39,95823,95825],{"className":41,"code":95824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95826,95827,95832],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95828,95829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95830,95831],{"class":99},"19.9876\n",[48,95833,95834],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95835,95836],{"class":99},"19.99\n",[20,95838,95839,95840,95843,95844,352,95846,134],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95841,95842],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[348,95845,41434],{"href":41433},[348,95847,4356,95848,4289],{"href":3662},[15,95849,3665],{},[34,95851,95853,95854],{"id":95852},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95855,95461],{},[20,95857,95858,95859,95861],{},"A negative ",[15,95860,95461],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[39,95863,95865],{"className":41,"code":95864,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95866,95867,95887,95907],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95868,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95870,276],{"class":147},[48,95872,151],{"class":62},[48,95874,95352],{"class":147},[48,95876,151],{"class":62},[48,95878,95520],{"class":99},[48,95880,87],{"class":62},[48,95882,3006],{"class":58},[48,95884,3770],{"class":99},[48,95886,670],{"class":62},[48,95888,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897,95899,95901,95903,95905],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95890,276],{"class":147},[48,95892,151],{"class":62},[48,95894,95352],{"class":147},[48,95896,151],{"class":62},[48,95898,95520],{"class":99},[48,95900,87],{"class":62},[48,95902,3006],{"class":58},[48,95904,2842],{"class":99},[48,95906,670],{"class":62},[48,95908,95909,95911,95913,95915,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,95910,276],{"class":147},[48,95912,151],{"class":62},[48,95914,95352],{"class":147},[48,95916,151],{"class":62},[48,95918,95520],{"class":99},[48,95920,87],{"class":62},[48,95922,3006],{"class":58},[48,95924,2848],{"class":99},[48,95926,670],{"class":62},[20,95928,168],{},[39,95930,95932],{"className":41,"code":95931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95933,95934,95939,95943],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95935,95936],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95937,95938],{"class":99},"1230\n",[48,95940,95941],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,95942,95549],{"class":99},[48,95944,95945],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,95946,95947],{"class":99},"1000\n",[20,95949,66135],{},[209,95951,95952,95957,95963],{},[212,95953,95954,95956],{},[15,95955,66405],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[212,95958,95959,95962],{},[15,95960,95961],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[212,95964,95965,95967],{},[15,95966,48216],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95969,95970],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[34,95972,95974],{"id":95973},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95976,95977,95978,134],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95979,95980],{},".5",[20,95982,6249],{},[39,95984,95986],{"className":41,"code":95985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95987,95988,96002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95989,95990,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95991,276],{"class":147},[48,95993,151],{"class":62},[48,95995,95352],{"class":147},[48,95997,151],{"class":62},[48,95999,41701],{"class":99},[48,96001,670],{"class":62},[48,96003,96004,96006,96008,96010,96012,96014],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96005,276],{"class":147},[48,96007,151],{"class":62},[48,96009,95352],{"class":147},[48,96011,151],{"class":62},[48,96013,2825],{"class":99},[48,96015,670],{"class":62},[20,96017,168],{},[39,96019,96021],{"className":41,"code":96020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2\n4\n",[15,96022,96023,96027],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96024,96025],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96026,17784],{"class":99},[48,96028,96029],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96030,49196],{"class":99},[20,96032,96033,96034,96037,96038,96040],{},"Python uses ",[166,96035,96036],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,96039,95980],{}," situations.",[20,96042,96043],{},"More examples:",[39,96045,96047],{"className":41,"code":96046,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,96048,96049,96063,96077,96091],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96050,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96052,276],{"class":147},[48,96054,151],{"class":62},[48,96056,95352],{"class":147},[48,96058,151],{"class":62},[48,96060,41714],{"class":99},[48,96062,670],{"class":62},[48,96064,96065,96067,96069,96071,96073,96075],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96066,276],{"class":147},[48,96068,151],{"class":62},[48,96070,95352],{"class":147},[48,96072,151],{"class":62},[48,96074,41701],{"class":99},[48,96076,670],{"class":62},[48,96078,96079,96081,96083,96085,96087,96089],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96080,276],{"class":147},[48,96082,151],{"class":62},[48,96084,95352],{"class":147},[48,96086,151],{"class":62},[48,96088,2825],{"class":99},[48,96090,670],{"class":62},[48,96092,96093,96095,96097,96099,96101,96103],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,96094,276],{"class":147},[48,96096,151],{"class":62},[48,96098,95352],{"class":147},[48,96100,151],{"class":62},[48,96102,41666],{"class":99},[48,96104,670],{"class":62},[20,96106,168],{},[39,96108,96110],{"className":41,"code":96109,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,96111,96112,96116,96120,96124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96113,96114],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96115,17784],{"class":99},[48,96117,96118],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96119,17784],{"class":99},[48,96121,96122],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96123,49196],{"class":99},[48,96125,96126],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,96127,49196],{"class":99},[20,96129,96130],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,96132,11466],{},[209,96134,96135,96142],{},[212,96136,96137,2918,96140],{},[15,96138,96139],{},"round(2.5)",[15,96141,2842],{},[212,96143,96144,2918,96147],{},[15,96145,96146],{},"round(3.5)",[15,96148,3288],{},[20,96150,3952,96151,96153],{},[15,96152,95980],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[34,96155,96157],{"id":96156},"return-values","Return values",[20,96159,96160,96162],{},[15,96161,95311],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,96164,41448,96165,96167],{},[166,96166,5413],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[39,96169,96171],{"className":41,"code":96170,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,96172,96173,96182,96186,96196,96214],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96174,96175,96177,96179],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96176,3231],{"class":54},[48,96178,59],{"class":58},[48,96180,96181],{"class":99}," 3.14159\n",[48,96183,96184],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96185,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,96187,96188,96190,96192,96194],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96189,276],{"class":147},[48,96191,151],{"class":62},[48,96193,933],{"class":137},[48,96195,162],{"class":62},[48,96197,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,96199,276],{"class":147},[48,96201,151],{"class":62},[48,96203,95352],{"class":147},[48,96205,151],{"class":62},[48,96207,933],{"class":137},[48,96209,87],{"class":62},[48,96211,632],{"class":99},[48,96213,670],{"class":62},[48,96215,96216,96218,96220,96222],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,96217,276],{"class":147},[48,96219,151],{"class":62},[48,96221,933],{"class":137},[48,96223,162],{"class":62},[20,96225,168],{},[39,96227,96229],{"className":41,"code":96228,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,96230,96231,96236,96240],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96232,96233],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96234,96235],{"class":99},"3.14159\n",[48,96237,96238],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96239,40719],{"class":99},[48,96241,96242],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96243,96235],{"class":99},[20,96245,96246],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[39,96248,96250],{"className":41,"code":96249,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96251,96252,96260,96278,96282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96253,96254,96256,96258],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96255,3231],{"class":54},[48,96257,59],{"class":58},[48,96259,96181],{"class":99},[48,96261,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270,96272,96274,96276],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96263,3231],{"class":54},[48,96265,59],{"class":58},[48,96267,95629],{"class":147},[48,96269,151],{"class":62},[48,96271,933],{"class":137},[48,96273,87],{"class":62},[48,96275,632],{"class":99},[48,96277,162],{"class":62},[48,96279,96280],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96281,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,96283,96284,96286,96288,96290],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,96285,276],{"class":147},[48,96287,151],{"class":62},[48,96289,933],{"class":137},[48,96291,162],{"class":62},[20,96293,168],{},[39,96295,96296],{"className":41,"code":40719,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,96297,96298],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96299,96300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96301,40719],{"class":99},[34,96303,1545,96305],{"id":96304},"when-to-use-round",[15,96306,95311],{},[20,96308,189,96309,7092],{},[15,96310,95311],{},[209,96312,96313,96316,96319,96322],{},[212,96314,96315],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[212,96317,96318],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[212,96320,96321],{},"Round values before reporting results",[212,96323,96324],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96326,6249],{},[39,96328,96330],{"className":41,"code":96329,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96331,96332,96341],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96333,96334,96336,96338],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96335,3379],{"class":54},[48,96337,59],{"class":58},[48,96339,96340],{"class":99}," 12.67891\n",[48,96342,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96344,276],{"class":147},[48,96346,151],{"class":62},[48,96348,95352],{"class":147},[48,96350,151],{"class":62},[48,96352,3402],{"class":137},[48,96354,87],{"class":62},[48,96356,632],{"class":99},[48,96358,670],{"class":62},[20,96360,168],{},[39,96362,96364],{"className":41,"code":96363,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"12.68\n",[15,96365,96366],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96367,96368],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96369,96363],{"class":99},[34,96371,1745],{"id":1744},[20,96373,1748,96374,134],{},[15,96375,95311],{},[1752,96377,2015,96379,96381,96382,96384],{"id":96378},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96380,95311],{}," to always round ",[15,96383,95980],{}," upward",[20,96386,96387],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[39,96389,96390],{"className":41,"code":95985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,96391,96392,96406],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96393,96394,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96395,276],{"class":147},[48,96397,151],{"class":62},[48,96399,95352],{"class":147},[48,96401,151],{"class":62},[48,96403,41701],{"class":99},[48,96405,670],{"class":62},[48,96407,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96409,276],{"class":147},[48,96411,151],{"class":62},[48,96413,95352],{"class":147},[48,96415,151],{"class":62},[48,96417,2825],{"class":99},[48,96419,670],{"class":62},[20,96421,168],{},[39,96423,96424],{"className":41,"code":96020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,96425,96426,96430],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96427,96428],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96429,17784],{"class":99},[48,96431,96432],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96433,49196],{"class":99},[20,96435,96436],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1752,96438,96440],{"id":96439},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96442,96443,96445],{},[15,96444,95311],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[39,96447,96449],{"className":41,"code":96448,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96450,96451,96459,96473,96477],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96452,96453,96455,96457],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96454,3231],{"class":54},[48,96456,59],{"class":58},[48,96458,96181],{"class":99},[48,96460,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96462,95352],{"class":147},[48,96464,151],{"class":62},[48,96466,933],{"class":137},[48,96468,87],{"class":62},[48,96470,632],{"class":99},[48,96472,162],{"class":62},[48,96474,96475],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96476,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,96478,96479,96481,96483,96485],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,96480,276],{"class":147},[48,96482,151],{"class":62},[48,96484,933],{"class":137},[48,96486,162],{"class":62},[20,96488,168],{},[39,96490,96491],{"className":41,"code":96235,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,96492,96493],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96494,96495],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96496,96235],{"class":99},[20,96498,96499],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[39,96501,96503],{"className":41,"code":96502,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96504,96505],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96506,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96508,3231],{"class":54},[48,96510,59],{"class":58},[48,96512,95629],{"class":147},[48,96514,151],{"class":62},[48,96516,933],{"class":137},[48,96518,87],{"class":62},[48,96520,632],{"class":99},[48,96522,162],{"class":62},[1752,96524,96526],{"id":96525},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96528,17129],{},[39,96530,96532],{"className":41,"code":96531,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96533,96534],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96535,96536],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96537,96531],{"class":4445},[20,96539,96540],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[39,96542,96544],{"className":41,"code":96543,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96545,96546,96558,96572,96576],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96547,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96549,35224],{"class":54},[48,96551,59],{"class":58},[48,96553,79],{"class":66},[48,96555,40685],{"class":70},[48,96557,4138],{"class":66},[48,96559,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96561,3001],{"class":54},[48,96563,59],{"class":58},[48,96565,40797],{"class":281},[48,96567,151],{"class":62},[48,96569,35245],{"class":137},[48,96571,162],{"class":62},[48,96573,96574],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96575,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,96577,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586,96588,96590,96592],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,96579,276],{"class":147},[48,96581,151],{"class":62},[48,96583,95352],{"class":147},[48,96585,151],{"class":62},[48,96587,3023],{"class":137},[48,96589,87],{"class":62},[48,96591,618],{"class":99},[48,96593,670],{"class":62},[20,96595,168],{},[39,96597,96599],{"className":41,"code":96598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.1\n",[15,96600,96601],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96602,96603],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96604,96598],{"class":99},[1752,96606,96608],{"id":96607},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96610,96611,96613],{},[15,96612,95311],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96615,96616,96617,352,96621,134],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[348,96618,96619],{"href":3662},[15,96620,3665],{},[348,96622,96623],{"href":3656},[15,96624,3659],{},[34,96626,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,96628,2606,96630,96632,96633,96635],{"id":96629},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96631,95311],{}," always round ",[15,96634,40756],{}," up?",[20,96637,96638],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1752,96640,2606,96642,96644],{"id":96641},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96643,95311],{}," change the original number?",[20,96646,96647],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1752,96649,5947,96651,96653],{"id":96650},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96652,95311],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96655,96656,96657,96659,96660,352,96662,134],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96658,95461],{}," value like ",[15,96661,66405],{},[15,96663,95961],{},[1752,96665,28861,96667,96669,96670,2623],{"id":96666},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96668,95311],{}," on a string like ",[15,96671,48640],{},[20,96673,96674,96675,352,96677,134],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96676,3665],{},[15,96678,3659],{},[34,96680,2679],{"id":2678},[209,96682,96683,96689,96695,96699],{},[212,96684,96685],{},[348,96686,4356,96687,4289],{"href":3662},[15,96688,3665],{},[212,96690,96691],{},[348,96692,4356,96693,4289],{"href":3656},[15,96694,3659],{},[212,96696,96697],{},[348,96698,3204],{"href":3203},[212,96700,96701],{},[348,96702,42724],{"href":41433},[2711,96704,96705],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":96707},[96708,96709,96711,96712,96714,96716,96718,96719,96720,96722,96729,96739],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":95403,"depth":106,"text":96710},"What round() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":95557,"depth":106,"text":96713},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95695,"depth":106,"text":96715},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95852,"depth":106,"text":96717},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95973,"depth":106,"text":95974},{"id":96156,"depth":106,"text":96157},{"id":96304,"depth":106,"text":96721},"When to use round()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":96723},[96724,96726,96727,96728],{"id":96378,"depth":113,"text":96725},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96439,"depth":113,"text":96440},{"id":96525,"depth":113,"text":96526},{"id":96607,"depth":113,"text":96608},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":96730},[96731,96733,96735,96737],{"id":96629,"depth":113,"text":96732},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96641,"depth":113,"text":96734},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96650,"depth":113,"text":96736},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96666,"depth":113,"text":96738},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95303,"description":96740},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96747,"title":96748,"body":96749,"description":97934,"extension":2749,"meta":97935,"navigation":109,"path":97936,"seo":97937,"stem":97938,"__hash__":97939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96750,"toc":97908},[96751,96758,96764,96767,96769,96818,96822,96847,96852,96857,96862,96876,96887,96889,96908,96910,96926,96929,96940,96942,96944,97005,97009,97042,97049,97056,97059,97092,97095,97099,97102,97155,97159,97180,97186,97193,97200,97261,97269,97346,97350,97362,97371,97373,97379,97385,97389,97442,97445,97503,97507,97515,97518,97522,97525,97535,97537,97634,97637,97648,97651,97694,97698,97722,97725,97731,97733,97737,97762,97764,97831,97840,97842,97848,97853,97857,97860,97864,97871,97875,97880,97882,97899,97905],[10,96752,96754,96755,18],{"id":96753},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96756,96757],{},"add()",[20,96759,96760,96763],{},[15,96761,96762],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96765,96766],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[34,96768,37],{"id":36},[39,96770,96772],{"className":41,"code":96771,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96773,96774,96794,96808],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96775,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96777,2232],{"class":54},[48,96779,59],{"class":58},[48,96781,63],{"class":62},[48,96783,3770],{"class":99},[48,96785,87],{"class":62},[48,96787,632],{"class":99},[48,96789,87],{"class":62},[48,96791,800],{"class":99},[48,96793,103],{"class":62},[48,96795,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96797,2411],{"class":54},[48,96799,134],{"class":62},[48,96801,82657],{"class":137},[48,96803,151],{"class":62},[48,96805,3288],{"class":99},[48,96807,162],{"class":62},[48,96809,96810,96812,96814,96816],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96811,276],{"class":147},[48,96813,151],{"class":62},[48,96815,2411],{"class":137},[48,96817,162],{"class":62},[20,96819,96820],{},[166,96821,168],{},[39,96823,96825],{"className":41,"code":96824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96826,96827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96828,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843,96845],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96830,537],{"class":62},[48,96832,3770],{"class":99},[48,96834,87],{"class":62},[48,96836,632],{"class":99},[48,96838,87],{"class":62},[48,96840,800],{"class":99},[48,96842,87],{"class":62},[48,96844,3241],{"class":99},[48,96846,103],{"class":62},[20,96848,189,96849,96851],{},[15,96850,96757],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[34,96853,196,96855,199],{"id":96854},"what-setadd-does",[15,96856,96762],{},[20,96858,96859,96861],{},[15,96860,96762],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[209,96863,96864,96867,96870,96873],{},[212,96865,96866],{},"Adds one item to a set",[212,96868,96869],{},"Changes the original set in place",[212,96871,96872],{},"Does not return a new set",[212,96874,96875],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96877,96878,96879,352,96883,134],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[348,96880,96882],{"href":96881},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[348,96884,96886],{"href":96885},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[34,96888,360],{"id":359},[39,96890,96892],{"className":41,"code":96891,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96893,96894],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96895,96896,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96897,16395],{"class":54},[48,96899,134],{"class":62},[48,96901,82657],{"class":137},[48,96903,151],{"class":62},[48,96905,1967],{"class":137},[48,96907,162],{"class":62},[20,96909,207],{},[209,96911,96912,96917,96920],{},[212,96913,56457,96914,96916],{},[15,96915,96757],{}," on an existing set",[212,96918,96919],{},"Pass exactly one item",[212,96921,96922,96923],{},"The item must be ",[166,96924,96925],{},"hashable",[20,96927,96928],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[209,96930,96931,96933,96935,96938],{},[212,96932,57010],{},[212,96934,57013],{},[212,96936,96937],{},"Tuples",[212,96939,41137],{},[34,96941,12225],{"id":12224},[20,96943,12228],{},[39,96945,96947],{"className":41,"code":96946,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96948,96949,96973,96991,96995],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96950,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961,96963,96965,96967,96969,96971],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96952,1119],{"class":54},[48,96954,59],{"class":58},[48,96956,63],{"class":62},[48,96958,67],{"class":66},[48,96960,1137],{"class":70},[48,96962,67],{"class":66},[48,96964,87],{"class":62},[48,96966,79],{"class":66},[48,96968,13848],{"class":70},[48,96970,67],{"class":66},[48,96972,103],{"class":62},[48,96974,96975,96977,96979,96981,96983,96985,96987,96989],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,96976,1196],{"class":54},[48,96978,134],{"class":62},[48,96980,82657],{"class":137},[48,96982,151],{"class":62},[48,96984,67],{"class":66},[48,96986,18179],{"class":70},[48,96988,67],{"class":66},[48,96990,162],{"class":62},[48,96992,96993],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,96994,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,96996,96997,96999,97001,97003],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,96998,276],{"class":147},[48,97000,151],{"class":62},[48,97002,1196],{"class":137},[48,97004,162],{"class":62},[20,97006,97007],{},[166,97008,30563],{},[39,97010,97012],{"className":41,"code":97011,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,97013,97014],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97015,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030,97032,97034,97036,97038,97040],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97017,537],{"class":62},[48,97019,311],{"class":66},[48,97021,1137],{"class":70},[48,97023,311],{"class":66},[48,97025,87],{"class":62},[48,97027,320],{"class":66},[48,97029,18179],{"class":70},[48,97031,311],{"class":66},[48,97033,87],{"class":62},[48,97035,320],{"class":66},[48,97037,13848],{"class":70},[48,97039,311],{"class":66},[48,97041,103],{"class":62},[20,97043,97044,97045,97048],{},"The new value ",[15,97046,97047],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,97050,97051,97052,97055],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[166,97053,97054],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,97057,97058],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[39,97060,97062],{"className":41,"code":97061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,97063,97064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97065,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076,97078,97080,97082,97084,97086,97088,97090],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97067,537],{"class":62},[48,97069,311],{"class":66},[48,97071,13848],{"class":70},[48,97073,311],{"class":66},[48,97075,87],{"class":62},[48,97077,320],{"class":66},[48,97079,1137],{"class":70},[48,97081,311],{"class":66},[48,97083,87],{"class":62},[48,97085,320],{"class":66},[48,97087,18179],{"class":70},[48,97089,311],{"class":66},[48,97091,103],{"class":62},[20,97093,97094],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[34,97096,97098],{"id":97097},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,97100,97101],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[39,97103,97105],{"className":41,"code":97104,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97106,97107,97127,97141,97145],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97108,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117,97119,97121,97123,97125],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97110,2232],{"class":54},[48,97112,59],{"class":58},[48,97114,63],{"class":62},[48,97116,3770],{"class":99},[48,97118,87],{"class":62},[48,97120,632],{"class":99},[48,97122,87],{"class":62},[48,97124,800],{"class":99},[48,97126,103],{"class":62},[48,97128,97129,97131,97133,97135,97137,97139],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97130,2411],{"class":54},[48,97132,134],{"class":62},[48,97134,82657],{"class":137},[48,97136,151],{"class":62},[48,97138,2842],{"class":99},[48,97140,162],{"class":62},[48,97142,97143],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,97144,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,97146,97147,97149,97151,97153],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,97148,276],{"class":147},[48,97150,151],{"class":62},[48,97152,2411],{"class":137},[48,97154,162],{"class":62},[20,97156,97157],{},[166,97158,168],{},[39,97160,97162],{"className":41,"code":97161,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97163,97164],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97165,97166,97168,97170,97172,97174,97176,97178],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97167,537],{"class":62},[48,97169,3770],{"class":99},[48,97171,87],{"class":62},[48,97173,632],{"class":99},[48,97175,87],{"class":62},[48,97177,800],{"class":99},[48,97179,103],{"class":62},[20,97181,97182,97183,97185],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,97184,2842],{}," was already present.",[34,97187,97189,1306,97191],{"id":97188},"add-vs-update",[15,97190,96757],{},[15,97192,15683],{},[20,97194,189,97195,97197,97198,134],{},[15,97196,96757],{}," when you want to add ",[166,97199,53204],{},[39,97201,97203],{"className":41,"code":97202,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97204,97205,97229,97247,97251],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97206,97207,97209,97211,97213,97215,97217,97219,97221,97223,97225,97227],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97208,36629],{"class":54},[48,97210,59],{"class":58},[48,97212,63],{"class":62},[48,97214,67],{"class":66},[48,97216,348],{"class":70},[48,97218,67],{"class":66},[48,97220,87],{"class":62},[48,97222,79],{"class":66},[48,97224,2059],{"class":70},[48,97226,67],{"class":66},[48,97228,103],{"class":62},[48,97230,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239,97241,97243,97245],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97232,36682],{"class":54},[48,97234,134],{"class":62},[48,97236,82657],{"class":137},[48,97238,151],{"class":62},[48,97240,67],{"class":66},[48,97242,2265],{"class":70},[48,97244,67],{"class":66},[48,97246,162],{"class":62},[48,97248,97249],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,97250,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,97252,97253,97255,97257,97259],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,97254,276],{"class":147},[48,97256,151],{"class":62},[48,97258,36682],{"class":137},[48,97260,162],{"class":62},[20,97262,189,97263,97197,97265,97268],{},[15,97264,15683],{},[166,97266,97267],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[39,97270,97272],{"className":41,"code":97271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97273,97274,97298,97332,97336],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97275,97276,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292,97294,97296],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97277,36629],{"class":54},[48,97279,59],{"class":58},[48,97281,63],{"class":62},[48,97283,67],{"class":66},[48,97285,348],{"class":70},[48,97287,67],{"class":66},[48,97289,87],{"class":62},[48,97291,79],{"class":66},[48,97293,2059],{"class":70},[48,97295,67],{"class":66},[48,97297,103],{"class":62},[48,97299,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308,97310,97312,97314,97316,97318,97320,97322,97324,97326,97328,97330],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97301,36682],{"class":54},[48,97303,134],{"class":62},[48,97305,30998],{"class":137},[48,97307,3767],{"class":62},[48,97309,67],{"class":66},[48,97311,2265],{"class":70},[48,97313,67],{"class":66},[48,97315,87],{"class":62},[48,97317,79],{"class":66},[48,97319,2324],{"class":70},[48,97321,67],{"class":66},[48,97323,87],{"class":62},[48,97325,79],{"class":66},[48,97327,60997],{"class":70},[48,97329,67],{"class":66},[48,97331,4670],{"class":62},[48,97333,97334],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,97335,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,97337,97338,97340,97342,97344],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,97339,276],{"class":147},[48,97341,151],{"class":62},[48,97343,36682],{"class":137},[48,97345,162],{"class":62},[1752,97347,97349],{"id":97348},"key-difference","Key difference",[209,97351,97352,97357],{},[212,97353,97354,97356],{},[15,97355,96757],{}," adds one item",[212,97358,97359,97361],{},[15,97360,15683],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97363,97364,97365,134],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[348,97366,97368,97369,2689],{"href":97367},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97370,15683],{},[34,97372,18143],{"id":18142},[20,97374,97375,3181,97377,134],{},[15,97376,96762],{},[15,97378,4560],{},[20,97380,97381,97382,97384],{},"That means you should ",[166,97383,5413],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1752,97386,97388],{"id":97387},"correct","Correct",[39,97390,97392],{"className":41,"code":97391,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97393,97394,97414,97428,97432],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97395,97396,97398,97400,97402,97404,97406,97408,97410,97412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97397,16357],{"class":54},[48,97399,59],{"class":58},[48,97401,63],{"class":62},[48,97403,3770],{"class":99},[48,97405,87],{"class":62},[48,97407,632],{"class":99},[48,97409,87],{"class":62},[48,97411,800],{"class":99},[48,97413,103],{"class":62},[48,97415,97416,97418,97420,97422,97424,97426],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97417,16395],{"class":54},[48,97419,134],{"class":62},[48,97421,82657],{"class":137},[48,97423,151],{"class":62},[48,97425,3288],{"class":99},[48,97427,162],{"class":62},[48,97429,97430],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,97431,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,97433,97434,97436,97438,97440],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,97435,276],{"class":147},[48,97437,151],{"class":62},[48,97439,16395],{"class":137},[48,97441,162],{"class":62},[1752,97443,97444],{"id":62319},"Wrong",[39,97446,97448],{"className":41,"code":97447,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97449,97450,97470,97489,97493],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97451,97452,97454,97456,97458,97460,97462,97464,97466,97468],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97453,16357],{"class":54},[48,97455,59],{"class":58},[48,97457,63],{"class":62},[48,97459,3770],{"class":99},[48,97461,87],{"class":62},[48,97463,632],{"class":99},[48,97465,87],{"class":62},[48,97467,800],{"class":99},[48,97469,103],{"class":62},[48,97471,97472,97474,97476,97479,97481,97483,97485,97487],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97473,16357],{"class":54},[48,97475,59],{"class":58},[48,97477,97478],{"class":54}," my_set",[48,97480,134],{"class":62},[48,97482,82657],{"class":137},[48,97484,151],{"class":62},[48,97486,3288],{"class":99},[48,97488,162],{"class":62},[48,97490,97491],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,97492,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,97494,97495,97497,97499,97501],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,97496,276],{"class":147},[48,97498,151],{"class":62},[48,97500,16395],{"class":137},[48,97502,162],{"class":62},[20,97504,97505],{},[166,97506,168],{},[39,97508,97509],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,97510,97511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97512,97513],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97514,12553],{"class":1642},[20,97516,97517],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[34,97519,97521],{"id":97520},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97523,97524],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[209,97526,97527,97529,97531,97533],{},[212,97528,57010],{},[212,97530,57013],{},[212,97532,96937],{},[212,97534,41137],{},[20,97536,226],{},[39,97538,97540],{"className":41,"code":97539,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97541,97542,97552,97556,97570,97588,97606,97620,97624],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97543,97544,97546,97548,97550],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97545,8549],{"class":54},[48,97547,59],{"class":58},[48,97549,16362],{"class":281},[48,97551,380],{"class":62},[48,97553,97554],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97555,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,97557,97558,97560,97562,97564,97566,97568],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,97559,138],{"class":54},[48,97561,134],{"class":62},[48,97563,82657],{"class":137},[48,97565,151],{"class":62},[48,97567,3114],{"class":99},[48,97569,162],{"class":62},[48,97571,97572,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584,97586],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,97573,138],{"class":54},[48,97575,134],{"class":62},[48,97577,82657],{"class":137},[48,97579,151],{"class":62},[48,97581,67],{"class":66},[48,97583,4628],{"class":70},[48,97585,67],{"class":66},[48,97587,162],{"class":62},[48,97589,97590,97592,97594,97596,97598,97600,97602,97604],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,97591,138],{"class":54},[48,97593,134],{"class":62},[48,97595,82657],{"class":137},[48,97597,6287],{"class":62},[48,97599,3770],{"class":99},[48,97601,87],{"class":62},[48,97603,632],{"class":99},[48,97605,670],{"class":62},[48,97607,97608,97610,97612,97614,97616,97618],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,97609,138],{"class":54},[48,97611,134],{"class":62},[48,97613,82657],{"class":137},[48,97615,151],{"class":62},[48,97617,4385],{"class":1642},[48,97619,162],{"class":62},[48,97621,97622],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,97623,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,97625,97626,97628,97630,97632],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,97627,276],{"class":147},[48,97629,151],{"class":62},[48,97631,138],{"class":137},[48,97633,162],{"class":62},[20,97635,97636],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[209,97638,97639,97642,97645],{},[212,97640,97641],{},"Lists",[212,97643,97644],{},"Dictionaries",[212,97646,97647],{},"Sets",[20,97649,97650],{},"Example that causes an error:",[39,97652,97654],{"className":41,"code":97653,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97655,97656,97676],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97657,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666,97668,97670,97672,97674],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97659,8549],{"class":54},[48,97661,59],{"class":58},[48,97663,63],{"class":62},[48,97665,3770],{"class":99},[48,97667,87],{"class":62},[48,97669,632],{"class":99},[48,97671,87],{"class":62},[48,97673,800],{"class":99},[48,97675,103],{"class":62},[48,97677,97678,97680,97682,97684,97686,97688,97690,97692],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97679,138],{"class":54},[48,97681,134],{"class":62},[48,97683,82657],{"class":137},[48,97685,3767],{"class":62},[48,97687,3288],{"class":99},[48,97689,87],{"class":62},[48,97691,5387],{"class":99},[48,97693,4670],{"class":62},[20,97695,97696],{},[166,97697,30214],{},[39,97699,97701],{"className":41,"code":97700,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97702,97703],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97704,97705,97707,97709,97712,97714,97716,97718,97720],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97706,3787],{"class":281},[48,97708,76],{"class":62},[48,97710,97711],{"class":54}," unhashable ",[48,97713,2094],{"class":281},[48,97715,76],{"class":62},[48,97717,320],{"class":66},[48,97719,282],{"class":70},[48,97721,30233],{"class":66},[20,97723,97724],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97726,97727,97728,134],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97729,97730],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[34,97732,1745],{"id":1744},[20,97734,15463,97735,76],{},[15,97736,96762],{},[209,97738,97739,97744,97749,97752,97759],{},[212,97740,9185,97741,97743],{},[15,97742,96757],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[212,97745,2015,97746,97748],{},[15,97747,96757],{}," to return the updated set",[212,97750,97751],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[212,97753,37744,97754,97756,97757],{},[15,97755,96762],{}," with list ",[15,97758,53200],{},[212,97760,97761],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97763,72057],{},[39,97765,97767],{"className":41,"code":97766,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97768,97769,97779,97793,97803,97817],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97770,97771,97773,97775,97777],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97772,276],{"class":147},[48,97774,151],{"class":62},[48,97776,16395],{"class":137},[48,97778,162],{"class":62},[48,97780,97781,97783,97785,97787,97789,97791],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97782,276],{"class":147},[48,97784,151],{"class":62},[48,97786,2094],{"class":281},[48,97788,151],{"class":62},[48,97790,16395],{"class":137},[48,97792,670],{"class":62},[48,97794,97795,97797,97799,97801],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,97796,276],{"class":147},[48,97798,151],{"class":62},[48,97800,933],{"class":137},[48,97802,162],{"class":62},[48,97804,97805,97807,97809,97811,97813,97815],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,97806,276],{"class":147},[48,97808,151],{"class":62},[48,97810,2094],{"class":281},[48,97812,151],{"class":62},[48,97814,933],{"class":137},[48,97816,670],{"class":62},[48,97818,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827,97829],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,97820,32687],{"class":147},[48,97822,151],{"class":62},[48,97824,7062],{"class":281},[48,97826,134],{"class":62},[48,97828,82657],{"class":25281},[48,97830,162],{"class":62},[20,97832,97833,97834,97836,97837,134],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97835,96762],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[348,97838,53597],{"href":97839},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[34,97841,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,97843,2606,97845,97847],{"id":97844},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97846,96762],{}," return a new set?",[20,97849,97850,97851,134],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97852,4560],{},[1752,97854,97856],{"id":97855},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97858,97859],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1752,97861,97863],{"id":97862},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97865,189,97866,11844,97869,134],{},[15,97867,97868],{},"set.update()",[15,97870,96757],{},[1752,97872,97874],{"id":97873},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97876,97877,97878,134],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97879,3787],{},[34,97881,2679],{"id":2678},[209,97883,97884,97888,97893],{},[212,97885,97886],{},[348,97887,96882],{"href":96881},[212,97889,97890],{},[348,97891,97892],{"href":96885},"How to create a set in Python",[212,97894,97895],{},[348,97896,97368,97897,2689],{"href":97367},[15,97898,15683],{},[20,97900,97901,97902,97904],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97903,96757],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2711,97906,97907],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":97909},[97910,97911,97913,97914,97915,97916,97920,97924,97925,97926,97933],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":96854,"depth":106,"text":97912},"What set.add() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":97097,"depth":106,"text":97098},{"id":97188,"depth":106,"text":97917,"children":97918},"add() vs update()",[97919],{"id":97348,"depth":113,"text":97349},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143,"children":97921},[97922,97923],{"id":97387,"depth":113,"text":97388},{"id":62319,"depth":113,"text":97444},{"id":97520,"depth":106,"text":97521},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":97927},[97928,97930,97931,97932],{"id":97844,"depth":113,"text":97929},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97855,"depth":113,"text":97856},{"id":97862,"depth":113,"text":97863},{"id":97873,"depth":113,"text":97874},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96748,"description":97934},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97941,"title":97942,"body":97943,"description":99112,"extension":2749,"meta":99113,"navigation":109,"path":99114,"seo":99115,"stem":99116,"__hash__":99117},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97944,"toc":99079},[97945,97950,97956,97963,98008,98010,98021,98026,98031,98035,98049,98054,98056,98058,98073,98075,98089,98091,98093,98158,98160,98170,98172,98190,98196,98203,98208,98282,98284,98301,98307,98312,98383,98385,98412,98429,98432,98438,98440,98447,98451,98518,98520,98535,98538,98591,98593,98601,98613,98615,98619,98624,98626,98675,98677,98685,98687,98732,98734,98744,98750,98758,98771,98777,98779,98808,98810,98828,98832,98835,98866,98868,98886,98890,98965,98967,98983,98990,98992,98997,99002,99008,99011,99015,99023,99030,99038,99040,99076],[10,97946,96754,97948,18],{"id":97947},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97949,12073],{},[20,97951,97952,97955],{},[15,97953,97954],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97957,97958,97959,97962],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[166,97960,97961],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[39,97964,97966],{"className":41,"code":97965,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97967,97968,97988,97998],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97969,97970,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980,97982,97984,97986],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97971,2232],{"class":54},[48,97973,59],{"class":58},[48,97975,63],{"class":62},[48,97977,3770],{"class":99},[48,97979,87],{"class":62},[48,97981,632],{"class":99},[48,97983,87],{"class":62},[48,97985,800],{"class":99},[48,97987,103],{"class":62},[48,97989,97990,97992,97994,97996],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,97991,2411],{"class":54},[48,97993,134],{"class":62},[48,97995,12134],{"class":137},[48,97997,380],{"class":62},[48,97999,98000,98002,98004,98006],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98001,276],{"class":147},[48,98003,151],{"class":62},[48,98005,2411],{"class":137},[48,98007,162],{"class":62},[20,98009,168],{},[39,98011,98013],{"className":41,"code":98012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set()\n",[15,98014,98015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98016,98017,98019],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98018,7062],{"class":281},[48,98020,380],{"class":62},[20,98022,98023,98025],{},[15,98024,12073],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[34,98027,196,98029,199],{"id":98028},"what-setclear-does",[15,98030,97954],{},[20,98032,22,98033,12164],{},[15,98034,12073],{},[209,98036,98037,98040,98042,98046],{},[212,98038,98039],{},"Removes every item from a set",[212,98041,96869],{},[212,98043,12175,98044],{},[15,98045,4560],{},[212,98047,98048],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,98050,96878,98051,72156],{},[348,98052,96882],{"href":98053},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[34,98055,360],{"id":359},[20,98057,54995],{},[39,98059,98061],{"className":41,"code":98060,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,98062,98063],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98064,98065,98067,98069,98071],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98066,16395],{"class":54},[48,98068,134],{"class":62},[48,98070,12134],{"class":137},[48,98072,380],{"class":62},[20,98074,13792],{},[209,98076,98077,98080,98083,98086],{},[212,98078,98079],{},"It takes no arguments",[212,98081,98082],{},"It empties the set",[212,98084,98085],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[212,98087,98088],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[34,98090,12225],{"id":12224},[20,98092,12228],{},[39,98094,98096],{"className":41,"code":98095,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,98097,98098,98130,98134,98144,98148],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98099,98100,98102,98104,98106,98108,98110,98112,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126,98128],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98101,1119],{"class":54},[48,98103,59],{"class":58},[48,98105,63],{"class":62},[48,98107,67],{"class":66},[48,98109,1137],{"class":70},[48,98111,67],{"class":66},[48,98113,87],{"class":62},[48,98115,79],{"class":66},[48,98117,18179],{"class":70},[48,98119,67],{"class":66},[48,98121,87],{"class":62},[48,98123,79],{"class":66},[48,98125,13848],{"class":70},[48,98127,67],{"class":66},[48,98129,103],{"class":62},[48,98131,98132],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98133,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98135,98136,98138,98140,98142],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98137,1196],{"class":54},[48,98139,134],{"class":62},[48,98141,12134],{"class":137},[48,98143,380],{"class":62},[48,98145,98146],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,98147,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98149,98150,98152,98154,98156],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,98151,276],{"class":147},[48,98153,151],{"class":62},[48,98155,1196],{"class":137},[48,98157,162],{"class":62},[20,98159,168],{},[39,98161,98162],{"className":41,"code":98012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98163,98164],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98165,98166,98168],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98167,7062],{"class":281},[48,98169,380],{"class":62},[20,98171,12431],{},[209,98173,98174,98179,98184],{},[212,98175,98176,98178],{},[15,98177,1196],{}," starts with three values",[212,98180,98181,12444],{},[15,98182,98183],{},"colors.clear()",[212,98185,98186,98187,98189],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,98188,4579],{},", which means an empty set",[34,98191,98193,98195],{"id":98192},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,98194,12073],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,98197,98198,5174,98200,98202],{},[15,98199,12073],{},[15,98201,4579],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1752,98204,9185,98206],{"id":98205},"using-clear",[15,98207,12073],{},[39,98209,98211],{"className":41,"code":98210,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98212,98213,98233,98243,98247,98257,98261,98271],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98214,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225,98227,98229,98231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98216,8549],{"class":54},[48,98218,59],{"class":58},[48,98220,63],{"class":62},[48,98222,3770],{"class":99},[48,98224,87],{"class":62},[48,98226,632],{"class":99},[48,98228,87],{"class":62},[48,98230,800],{"class":99},[48,98232,103],{"class":62},[48,98234,98235,98238,98240],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98236,98237],{"class":54},"other_name ",[48,98239,59],{"class":58},[48,98241,98242],{"class":54}," items\n",[48,98244,98245],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98246,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98248,98249,98251,98253,98255],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,98250,138],{"class":54},[48,98252,134],{"class":62},[48,98254,12134],{"class":137},[48,98256,380],{"class":62},[48,98258,98259],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,98260,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98262,98263,98265,98267,98269],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,98264,276],{"class":147},[48,98266,151],{"class":62},[48,98268,138],{"class":137},[48,98270,162],{"class":62},[48,98272,98273,98275,98277,98280],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,98274,276],{"class":147},[48,98276,151],{"class":62},[48,98278,98279],{"class":137},"other_name",[48,98281,162],{"class":62},[20,98283,168],{},[39,98285,98287],{"className":41,"code":98286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98288,98289,98295],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98290,98291,98293],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98292,7062],{"class":281},[48,98294,380],{"class":62},[48,98296,98297,98299],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98298,7062],{"class":281},[48,98300,380],{"class":62},[20,98302,98303,98304,134],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[166,98305,98306],{},"same set object",[1752,98308,9185,98310],{"id":98309},"using-set",[15,98311,4579],{},[39,98313,98315],{"className":41,"code":98314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98316,98317,98337,98345,98349,98359,98363,98373],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98318,98319,98321,98323,98325,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98320,8549],{"class":54},[48,98322,59],{"class":58},[48,98324,63],{"class":62},[48,98326,3770],{"class":99},[48,98328,87],{"class":62},[48,98330,632],{"class":99},[48,98332,87],{"class":62},[48,98334,800],{"class":99},[48,98336,103],{"class":62},[48,98338,98339,98341,98343],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98340,98237],{"class":54},[48,98342,59],{"class":58},[48,98344,98242],{"class":54},[48,98346,98347],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98348,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98350,98351,98353,98355,98357],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,98352,8549],{"class":54},[48,98354,59],{"class":58},[48,98356,16362],{"class":281},[48,98358,380],{"class":62},[48,98360,98361],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,98362,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98364,98365,98367,98369,98371],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,98366,276],{"class":147},[48,98368,151],{"class":62},[48,98370,138],{"class":137},[48,98372,162],{"class":62},[48,98374,98375,98377,98379,98381],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,98376,276],{"class":147},[48,98378,151],{"class":62},[48,98380,98279],{"class":137},[48,98382,162],{"class":62},[20,98384,168],{},[39,98386,98388],{"className":41,"code":98387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98389,98390,98396],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98391,98392,98394],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98393,7062],{"class":281},[48,98395,380],{"class":62},[48,98397,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408,98410],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98399,537],{"class":62},[48,98401,3770],{"class":99},[48,98403,87],{"class":62},[48,98405,632],{"class":99},[48,98407,87],{"class":62},[48,98409,800],{"class":99},[48,98411,103],{"class":62},[20,98413,21489,98414,93646,98417,98420,98421,134,98423,98425,98426,98428],{},[15,98415,98416],{},"items = set()",[166,98418,98419],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98422,138],{},[10601,98424],{},"\nBut ",[15,98427,98279],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98430,98431],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98433,98434,98435,134],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[348,98436,96886],{"href":98437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[34,98439,18143],{"id":18142},[20,98441,98442,14784,98444,98446],{},[15,98443,12073],{},[166,98445,5413],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98448,5925,98449,134],{},[15,98450,4560],{},[39,98452,98454],{"className":41,"code":98453,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98455,98456,98476,98480,98494,98498,98508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98457,98458,98460,98462,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472,98474],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98459,2232],{"class":54},[48,98461,59],{"class":58},[48,98463,63],{"class":62},[48,98465,3770],{"class":99},[48,98467,87],{"class":62},[48,98469,632],{"class":99},[48,98471,87],{"class":62},[48,98473,800],{"class":99},[48,98475,103],{"class":62},[48,98477,98478],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98479,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98481,98482,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98483,449],{"class":54},[48,98485,59],{"class":58},[48,98487,2292],{"class":54},[48,98489,134],{"class":62},[48,98491,12134],{"class":137},[48,98493,380],{"class":62},[48,98495,98496],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,98497,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98499,98500,98502,98504,98506],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,98501,276],{"class":147},[48,98503,151],{"class":62},[48,98505,474],{"class":137},[48,98507,162],{"class":62},[48,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,98511,276],{"class":147},[48,98513,151],{"class":62},[48,98515,2411],{"class":137},[48,98517,162],{"class":62},[20,98519,168],{},[39,98521,98523],{"className":41,"code":98522,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\nset()\n",[15,98524,98525,98529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98526,98527],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98528,12553],{"class":1642},[48,98530,98531,98533],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98532,7062],{"class":281},[48,98534,380],{"class":62},[20,98536,98537],{},"Do not do this:",[39,98539,98541],{"className":41,"code":98540,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98542,98543,98563,98577,98581],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98544,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98546,2232],{"class":54},[48,98548,59],{"class":58},[48,98550,63],{"class":62},[48,98552,3770],{"class":99},[48,98554,87],{"class":62},[48,98556,632],{"class":99},[48,98558,87],{"class":62},[48,98560,800],{"class":99},[48,98562,103],{"class":62},[48,98564,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98566,2232],{"class":54},[48,98568,59],{"class":58},[48,98570,2292],{"class":54},[48,98572,134],{"class":62},[48,98574,12134],{"class":137},[48,98576,380],{"class":62},[48,98578,98579],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98580,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98582,98583,98585,98587,98589],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,98584,276],{"class":147},[48,98586,151],{"class":62},[48,98588,2411],{"class":137},[48,98590,162],{"class":62},[20,98592,168],{},[39,98594,98595],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98596,98597],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98598,98599],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98600,12553],{"class":1642},[20,98602,805,98603,3181,98605,98607,98608,98610,98611,134],{},[15,98604,55108],{},[15,98606,4560],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98609,4560],{}," back to ",[15,98612,2411],{},[34,98614,5300],{"id":5299},[20,98616,11499,98617,134],{},[15,98618,97954],{},[1752,98620,13338,98622],{"id":98621},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98623,12073],{},[20,98625,17372],{},[39,98627,98629],{"className":41,"code":98628,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98630,98631,98651,98665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98632,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98634,16357],{"class":54},[48,98636,59],{"class":58},[48,98638,63],{"class":62},[48,98640,3770],{"class":99},[48,98642,87],{"class":62},[48,98644,632],{"class":99},[48,98646,87],{"class":62},[48,98648,800],{"class":99},[48,98650,103],{"class":62},[48,98652,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98654,16357],{"class":54},[48,98656,59],{"class":58},[48,98658,97478],{"class":54},[48,98660,134],{"class":62},[48,98662,12134],{"class":137},[48,98664,380],{"class":62},[48,98666,98667,98669,98671,98673],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98668,276],{"class":147},[48,98670,151],{"class":62},[48,98672,16395],{"class":137},[48,98674,162],{"class":62},[20,98676,168],{},[39,98678,98679],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98680,98681],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98682,98683],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98684,12553],{"class":1642},[20,98686,17384],{},[39,98688,98690],{"className":41,"code":98689,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98691,98692,98712,98722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98693,98694,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98695,16357],{"class":54},[48,98697,59],{"class":58},[48,98699,63],{"class":62},[48,98701,3770],{"class":99},[48,98703,87],{"class":62},[48,98705,632],{"class":99},[48,98707,87],{"class":62},[48,98709,800],{"class":99},[48,98711,103],{"class":62},[48,98713,98714,98716,98718,98720],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98715,16395],{"class":54},[48,98717,134],{"class":62},[48,98719,12134],{"class":137},[48,98721,380],{"class":62},[48,98723,98724,98726,98728,98730],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98725,276],{"class":147},[48,98727,151],{"class":62},[48,98729,16395],{"class":137},[48,98731,162],{"class":62},[20,98733,168],{},[39,98735,98736],{"className":41,"code":98012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98737,98738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98739,98740,98742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98741,7062],{"class":281},[48,98743,380],{"class":62},[1752,98745,2015,98747,98749],{"id":98746},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98748,12073],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98751,98752,98754,98755,98757],{},[15,98753,12073],{}," removes ",[166,98756,4497],{}," items from the set.",[20,98759,98760,98761,352,98766,134],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[348,98762,98764],{"href":98763},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98765,56077],{},[348,98767,98769],{"href":98768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98770,13506],{},[1752,98772,9185,98774,98776],{"id":98773},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98775,4574],{}," for an empty set",[20,98778,26222],{},[39,98780,98782],{"className":41,"code":98781,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98783,98784,98793],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98785,98786,98789,98791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98787,98788],{"class":54},"empty_value ",[48,98790,59],{"class":58},[48,98792,10593],{"class":62},[48,98794,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98806],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98796,276],{"class":147},[48,98798,151],{"class":62},[48,98800,2094],{"class":281},[48,98802,151],{"class":62},[48,98804,98805],{"class":137},"empty_value",[48,98807,670],{"class":62},[20,98809,168],{},[39,98811,98812],{"className":41,"code":9575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98813,98814],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98815,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98817,2168],{"class":58},[48,98819,2171],{"class":915},[48,98821,320],{"class":66},[48,98823,9588],{"class":70},[48,98825,311],{"class":66},[48,98827,2180],{"class":58},[20,98829,98830,9555],{},[15,98831,4574],{},[20,98833,98834],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[39,98836,98838],{"className":41,"code":98837,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98839,98840,98851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98841,98842,98845,98847,98849],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98843,98844],{"class":54},"empty_set ",[48,98846,59],{"class":58},[48,98848,16362],{"class":281},[48,98850,380],{"class":62},[48,98852,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98864],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98854,276],{"class":147},[48,98856,151],{"class":62},[48,98858,2094],{"class":281},[48,98860,151],{"class":62},[48,98862,98863],{"class":137},"empty_set",[48,98865,670],{"class":62},[20,98867,168],{},[39,98869,98870],{"className":41,"code":9619,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98871,98872],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98873,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98875,2168],{"class":58},[48,98877,2171],{"class":915},[48,98879,320],{"class":66},[48,98881,7062],{"class":70},[48,98883,311],{"class":66},[48,98885,2180],{"class":58},[1752,98887,98889],{"id":98888},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[39,98891,98893],{"className":41,"code":98892,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98894,98895,98919,98927,98931,98941,98945,98955],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98896,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98898,3338],{"class":54},[48,98900,59],{"class":58},[48,98902,63],{"class":62},[48,98904,67],{"class":66},[48,98906,611],{"class":70},[48,98908,67],{"class":66},[48,98910,87],{"class":62},[48,98912,79],{"class":66},[48,98914,625],{"class":70},[48,98916,67],{"class":66},[48,98918,103],{"class":62},[48,98920,98921,98923,98925],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98922,3365],{"class":54},[48,98924,59],{"class":58},[48,98926,36714],{"class":54},[48,98928,98929],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,98930,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98932,98933,98935,98937,98939],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,98934,348],{"class":54},[48,98936,134],{"class":62},[48,98938,12134],{"class":137},[48,98940,380],{"class":62},[48,98942,98943],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,98944,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,98946,98947,98949,98951,98953],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,98948,276],{"class":147},[48,98950,151],{"class":62},[48,98952,348],{"class":137},[48,98954,162],{"class":62},[48,98956,98957,98959,98961,98963],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,98958,276],{"class":147},[48,98960,151],{"class":62},[48,98962,2059],{"class":137},[48,98964,162],{"class":62},[20,98966,168],{},[39,98968,98969],{"className":41,"code":98286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98970,98971,98977],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98972,98973,98975],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98974,7062],{"class":281},[48,98976,380],{"class":62},[48,98978,98979,98981],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,98980,7062],{"class":281},[48,98982,380],{"class":62},[20,98984,29594,98985,5174,98987,98989],{},[15,98986,348],{},[15,98988,2059],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[34,98991,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,98993,5920,98995,2596],{"id":98994},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98996,97954],{},[20,98998,5925,98999,99001],{},[15,99000,4560],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1752,99003,2606,99005,99007],{"id":99004},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,99006,12073],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,99009,99010],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1752,99012,99014],{"id":99013},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,99016,99017,99018,99020,99021,134],{},"You already have one after ",[15,99019,12073],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,99022,4579],{},[1752,99024,5957,99026,5174,99028,2623],{"id":99025},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,99027,12073],{},[15,99029,4579],{},[20,99031,99032,99034,99035,99037],{},[15,99033,12073],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,99036,4579],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[34,99039,2679],{"id":2678},[209,99041,99042,99046,99050,99057,99063,99069],{},[212,99043,99044],{},[348,99045,96882],{"href":98053},[212,99047,99048],{},[348,99049,97892],{"href":98437},[212,99051,99052],{},[348,99053,97368,99055,2689],{"href":99054},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,99056,96757],{},[212,99058,99059],{},[348,99060,97368,99061,2689],{"href":98763},[15,99062,56077],{},[212,99064,99065],{},[348,99066,97368,99067,2689],{"href":98768},[15,99068,13506],{},[212,99070,99071],{},[348,99072,97368,99074,2689],{"href":99073},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,99075,15683],{},[2711,99077,99078],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":99080},[99081,99083,99084,99085,99092,99093,99102,99111],{"id":98028,"depth":106,"text":99082},"What set.clear() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":98192,"depth":106,"text":99086,"children":99087},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[99088,99090],{"id":98205,"depth":113,"text":99089},"Using clear()",{"id":98309,"depth":113,"text":99091},"Using set()",{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":99094},[99095,99097,99099,99101],{"id":98621,"depth":113,"text":99096},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98746,"depth":113,"text":99098},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98773,"depth":113,"text":99100},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98888,"depth":113,"text":98889},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":99103},[99104,99106,99108,99109],{"id":98994,"depth":113,"text":99105},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":99004,"depth":113,"text":99107},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":99013,"depth":113,"text":99014},{"id":99025,"depth":113,"text":99110},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97942,"description":99112},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":99119,"title":99120,"body":99121,"description":100953,"extension":2749,"meta":100954,"navigation":109,"path":96885,"seo":100955,"stem":100956,"__hash__":100957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":99122,"toc":100910},[99123,99126,99129,99132,99134,99237,99241,99288,99294,99296,99315,99319,99322,99324,99338,99347,99351,99354,99389,99393,99413,99416,99420,99423,99484,99488,99513,99520,99526,99531,99533,99545,99549,99598,99602,99626,99633,99637,99678,99682,99703,99707,99740,99744,99785,99788,99792,99797,99836,99840,99865,99870,99876,99913,99917,99940,99944,99946,99949,99952,100029,100033,100070,100073,100077,100083,100086,100096,100145,100151,100157,100184,100187,100209,100211,100242,100245,100249,100253,100292,100296,100359,100362,100395,100399,100424,100426,100429,100435,100438,100465,100468,100486,100490,100494,100497,100540,100543,100547,100550,100553,100583,100586,100590,100593,100608,100613,100617,100620,100709,100711,100714,100804,100807,100825,100827,100831,100841,100845,100853,100857,100860,100864,100867,100871,100874,100876,100904,100907],[10,99124,99120],{"id":99125},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,99127,99128],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,99130,99131],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[34,99133,4390],{"id":4389},[39,99135,99137],{"className":41,"code":99136,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99138,99139,99159,99193,99203,99207,99217,99227],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99140,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99142,2232],{"class":54},[48,99144,59],{"class":58},[48,99146,63],{"class":62},[48,99148,3770],{"class":99},[48,99150,87],{"class":62},[48,99152,632],{"class":99},[48,99154,87],{"class":62},[48,99156,800],{"class":99},[48,99158,103],{"class":62},[48,99160,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99162,4852],{"class":54},[48,99164,59],{"class":58},[48,99166,16362],{"class":281},[48,99168,3767],{"class":62},[48,99170,67],{"class":66},[48,99172,1128],{"class":70},[48,99174,67],{"class":66},[48,99176,87],{"class":62},[48,99178,79],{"class":66},[48,99180,1146],{"class":70},[48,99182,67],{"class":66},[48,99184,87],{"class":62},[48,99186,79],{"class":66},[48,99188,1128],{"class":70},[48,99190,67],{"class":66},[48,99192,4670],{"class":62},[48,99194,99195,99197,99199,99201],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,99196,98844],{"class":54},[48,99198,59],{"class":58},[48,99200,16362],{"class":281},[48,99202,380],{"class":62},[48,99204,99205],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,99206,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,99208,99209,99211,99213,99215],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,99210,276],{"class":147},[48,99212,151],{"class":62},[48,99214,2411],{"class":137},[48,99216,162],{"class":62},[48,99218,99219,99221,99223,99225],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,99220,276],{"class":147},[48,99222,151],{"class":62},[48,99224,4894],{"class":137},[48,99226,162],{"class":62},[48,99228,99229,99231,99233,99235],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,99230,276],{"class":147},[48,99232,151],{"class":62},[48,99234,98863],{"class":137},[48,99236,162],{"class":62},[20,99238,99239],{},[166,99240,168],{},[39,99242,99244],{"className":41,"code":99243,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,99245,99246,99262,99282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99247,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99249,537],{"class":62},[48,99251,3770],{"class":99},[48,99253,87],{"class":62},[48,99255,632],{"class":99},[48,99257,87],{"class":62},[48,99259,800],{"class":99},[48,99261,103],{"class":62},[48,99263,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99265,537],{"class":62},[48,99267,311],{"class":66},[48,99269,1146],{"class":70},[48,99271,311],{"class":66},[48,99273,87],{"class":62},[48,99275,320],{"class":66},[48,99277,1128],{"class":70},[48,99279,311],{"class":66},[48,99281,103],{"class":62},[48,99283,99284,99286],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,99285,7062],{"class":281},[48,99287,380],{"class":62},[20,99289,99290,99291,99293],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99292,4579],{}," for an empty set.",[34,99295,15891],{"id":15890},[209,99297,99298,99301,99306,99309,99312],{},[212,99299,99300],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[212,99302,99303,99304],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99305,4579],{},[212,99307,99308],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[212,99310,99311],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[212,99313,99314],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[34,99316,99318],{"id":99317},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99320,99321],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99323,31074],{},[209,99325,99326,99329,99332,99335],{},[212,99327,99328],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[212,99330,99331],{},"Sets are unordered",[212,99333,99334],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[212,99336,99337],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99339,99340,99341,352,99343,134],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[348,99342,96882],{"href":98053},[348,99344,99346],{"href":99345},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[34,99348,99350],{"id":99349},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99352,99353],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[39,99355,99357],{"className":41,"code":99356,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99358,99359,99379],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99360,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99362,2232],{"class":54},[48,99364,59],{"class":58},[48,99366,63],{"class":62},[48,99368,3770],{"class":99},[48,99370,87],{"class":62},[48,99372,632],{"class":99},[48,99374,87],{"class":62},[48,99376,800],{"class":99},[48,99378,103],{"class":62},[48,99380,99381,99383,99385,99387],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99382,276],{"class":147},[48,99384,151],{"class":62},[48,99386,2411],{"class":137},[48,99388,162],{"class":62},[20,99390,99391],{},[166,99392,30563],{},[39,99394,99395],{"className":41,"code":97161,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,99396,99397],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99398,99399,99401,99403,99405,99407,99409,99411],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99400,537],{"class":62},[48,99402,3770],{"class":99},[48,99404,87],{"class":62},[48,99406,632],{"class":99},[48,99408,87],{"class":62},[48,99410,800],{"class":99},[48,99412,103],{"class":62},[20,99414,99415],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1752,99417,99419],{"id":99418},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99421,99422],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[39,99424,99426],{"className":41,"code":99425,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99427,99428,99460,99470],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99429,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99431,2232],{"class":54},[48,99433,59],{"class":58},[48,99435,63],{"class":62},[48,99437,3770],{"class":99},[48,99439,87],{"class":62},[48,99441,632],{"class":99},[48,99443,87],{"class":62},[48,99445,632],{"class":99},[48,99447,87],{"class":62},[48,99449,800],{"class":99},[48,99451,87],{"class":62},[48,99453,800],{"class":99},[48,99455,87],{"class":62},[48,99457,800],{"class":99},[48,99459,103],{"class":62},[48,99461,99462,99464,99466,99468],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99463,276],{"class":147},[48,99465,151],{"class":62},[48,99467,2411],{"class":137},[48,99469,162],{"class":62},[48,99471,99472,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,99473,276],{"class":147},[48,99475,151],{"class":62},[48,99477,11914],{"class":147},[48,99479,151],{"class":62},[48,99481,2411],{"class":137},[48,99483,670],{"class":62},[20,99485,99486],{},[166,99487,30563],{},[39,99489,99491],{"className":41,"code":99490,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99492,99493,99509],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99496,537],{"class":62},[48,99498,3770],{"class":99},[48,99500,87],{"class":62},[48,99502,632],{"class":99},[48,99504,87],{"class":62},[48,99506,800],{"class":99},[48,99508,103],{"class":62},[48,99510,99511],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99512,47162],{"class":99},[20,99514,21695,99515,5174,99517,99519],{},[15,99516,2842],{},[15,99518,2848],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[34,99521,99523,99524],{"id":99522},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99525,4579],{},[20,99527,189,99528,99530],{},[15,99529,4579],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99532,6234],{},[209,99534,99535,99537,99539,99541],{},[212,99536,97641],{},[212,99538,96937],{},[212,99540,57013],{},[212,99542,99543],{},[15,99544,36737],{},[1752,99546,99548],{"id":99547},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[39,99550,99552],{"className":41,"code":99551,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99553,99554,99588],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99555,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576,99578,99580,99582,99584,99586],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99557,2232],{"class":54},[48,99559,59],{"class":58},[48,99561,16362],{"class":281},[48,99563,3767],{"class":62},[48,99565,3770],{"class":99},[48,99567,87],{"class":62},[48,99569,632],{"class":99},[48,99571,87],{"class":62},[48,99573,632],{"class":99},[48,99575,87],{"class":62},[48,99577,800],{"class":99},[48,99579,87],{"class":62},[48,99581,800],{"class":99},[48,99583,87],{"class":62},[48,99585,3241],{"class":99},[48,99587,4670],{"class":62},[48,99589,99590,99592,99594,99596],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99591,276],{"class":147},[48,99593,151],{"class":62},[48,99595,2411],{"class":137},[48,99597,162],{"class":62},[20,99599,99600],{},[166,99601,30563],{},[39,99603,99604],{"className":41,"code":96824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,99605,99606],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99607,99608,99610,99612,99614,99616,99618,99620,99622,99624],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99609,537],{"class":62},[48,99611,3770],{"class":99},[48,99613,87],{"class":62},[48,99615,632],{"class":99},[48,99617,87],{"class":62},[48,99619,800],{"class":99},[48,99621,87],{"class":62},[48,99623,3241],{"class":99},[48,99625,103],{"class":62},[20,99627,99628,99629,134],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[348,99630,99632],{"href":99631},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1752,99634,99636],{"id":99635},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[39,99638,99640],{"className":41,"code":99639,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99641,99642,99668],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99643,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99645,4605],{"class":54},[48,99647,59],{"class":58},[48,99649,16362],{"class":281},[48,99651,6287],{"class":62},[48,99653,3114],{"class":99},[48,99655,87],{"class":62},[48,99657,2506],{"class":99},[48,99659,87],{"class":62},[48,99661,2506],{"class":99},[48,99663,87],{"class":62},[48,99665,8564],{"class":99},[48,99667,670],{"class":62},[48,99669,99670,99672,99674,99676],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99671,276],{"class":147},[48,99673,151],{"class":62},[48,99675,1415],{"class":137},[48,99677,162],{"class":62},[20,99679,99680],{},[166,99681,30563],{},[39,99683,99685],{"className":41,"code":99684,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99686,99687],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99688,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99690,537],{"class":62},[48,99692,3114],{"class":99},[48,99694,87],{"class":62},[48,99696,2506],{"class":99},[48,99698,87],{"class":62},[48,99700,8564],{"class":99},[48,99702,103],{"class":62},[1752,99704,99706],{"id":99705},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[39,99708,99710],{"className":41,"code":99709,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99711,99712,99730],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99713,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99715,36629],{"class":54},[48,99717,59],{"class":58},[48,99719,16362],{"class":281},[48,99721,151],{"class":62},[48,99723,67],{"class":66},[48,99725,4628],{"class":70},[48,99727,67],{"class":66},[48,99729,162],{"class":62},[48,99731,99732,99734,99736,99738],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99733,276],{"class":147},[48,99735,151],{"class":62},[48,99737,36682],{"class":137},[48,99739,162],{"class":62},[20,99741,99742],{},[166,99743,30563],{},[39,99745,99747],{"className":41,"code":99746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99748,99749],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99750,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99752,537],{"class":62},[48,99754,311],{"class":66},[48,99756,60988],{"class":70},[48,99758,311],{"class":66},[48,99760,87],{"class":62},[48,99762,320],{"class":66},[48,99764,60997],{"class":70},[48,99766,311],{"class":66},[48,99768,87],{"class":62},[48,99770,320],{"class":66},[48,99772,61006],{"class":70},[48,99774,311],{"class":66},[48,99776,87],{"class":62},[48,99778,320],{"class":66},[48,99780,61023],{"class":70},[48,99782,311],{"class":66},[48,99784,103],{"class":62},[20,99786,99787],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[34,99789,99791],{"id":99790},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99793,99794,99795,134],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99796,4579],{},[39,99798,99800],{"className":41,"code":99799,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99801,99802,99812,99822],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99803,99804,99806,99808,99810],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99805,98844],{"class":54},[48,99807,59],{"class":58},[48,99809,16362],{"class":281},[48,99811,380],{"class":62},[48,99813,99814,99816,99818,99820],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99815,276],{"class":147},[48,99817,151],{"class":62},[48,99819,98863],{"class":137},[48,99821,162],{"class":62},[48,99823,99824,99826,99828,99830,99832,99834],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,99825,276],{"class":147},[48,99827,151],{"class":62},[48,99829,2094],{"class":281},[48,99831,151],{"class":62},[48,99833,98863],{"class":137},[48,99835,670],{"class":62},[20,99837,99838],{},[166,99839,168],{},[39,99841,99843],{"className":41,"code":99842,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99844,99845,99851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99846,99847,99849],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99848,7062],{"class":281},[48,99850,380],{"class":62},[48,99852,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99854,2168],{"class":58},[48,99856,2171],{"class":915},[48,99858,320],{"class":66},[48,99860,7062],{"class":70},[48,99862,311],{"class":66},[48,99864,2180],{"class":58},[1752,99866,44973,99868],{"id":99867},"do-not-use",[15,99869,4574],{},[20,99871,99872,99873,99875],{},"Empty braces do ",[166,99874,5413],{}," create a set.",[39,99877,99879],{"className":41,"code":99878,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99880,99881,99889,99899],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99882,99883,99885,99887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99884,98788],{"class":54},[48,99886,59],{"class":58},[48,99888,10593],{"class":62},[48,99890,99891,99893,99895,99897],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99892,276],{"class":147},[48,99894,151],{"class":62},[48,99896,98805],{"class":137},[48,99898,162],{"class":62},[48,99900,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,99902,276],{"class":147},[48,99904,151],{"class":62},[48,99906,2094],{"class":281},[48,99908,151],{"class":62},[48,99910,98805],{"class":137},[48,99912,670],{"class":62},[20,99914,99915],{},[166,99916,168],{},[39,99918,99920],{"className":41,"code":99919,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99921,99922,99926],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99923,99924],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99925,10191],{"class":62},[48,99927,99928,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,99929,2168],{"class":58},[48,99931,2171],{"class":915},[48,99933,320],{"class":66},[48,99935,9588],{"class":70},[48,99937,311],{"class":66},[48,99939,2180],{"class":58},[20,99941,99942,9555],{},[15,99943,4574],{},[34,99945,72820],{"id":72819},[20,99947,99948],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99950,99951],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[39,99953,99955],{"className":41,"code":99954,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99956,99957,100005,100015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99958,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99960,4852],{"class":54},[48,99962,59],{"class":58},[48,99964,63],{"class":62},[48,99966,67],{"class":66},[48,99968,1128],{"class":70},[48,99970,67],{"class":66},[48,99972,87],{"class":62},[48,99974,79],{"class":66},[48,99976,1146],{"class":70},[48,99978,67],{"class":66},[48,99980,87],{"class":62},[48,99982,79],{"class":66},[48,99984,1128],{"class":70},[48,99986,67],{"class":66},[48,99988,87],{"class":62},[48,99990,79],{"class":66},[48,99992,1128],{"class":70},[48,99994,67],{"class":66},[48,99996,87],{"class":62},[48,99998,79],{"class":66},[48,100000,33756],{"class":70},[48,100002,67],{"class":66},[48,100004,103],{"class":62},[48,100006,100007,100009,100011,100013],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100008,276],{"class":147},[48,100010,151],{"class":62},[48,100012,4894],{"class":137},[48,100014,162],{"class":62},[48,100016,100017,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,100018,276],{"class":147},[48,100020,151],{"class":62},[48,100022,11914],{"class":147},[48,100024,151],{"class":62},[48,100026,4894],{"class":137},[48,100028,670],{"class":62},[20,100030,100031],{},[166,100032,30563],{},[39,100034,100036],{"className":41,"code":100035,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,100037,100038,100066],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100039,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100041,537],{"class":62},[48,100043,311],{"class":66},[48,100045,1146],{"class":70},[48,100047,311],{"class":66},[48,100049,87],{"class":62},[48,100051,320],{"class":66},[48,100053,33756],{"class":70},[48,100055,311],{"class":66},[48,100057,87],{"class":62},[48,100059,320],{"class":66},[48,100061,1128],{"class":70},[48,100063,311],{"class":66},[48,100065,103],{"class":62},[48,100067,100068],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100069,47162],{"class":99},[20,100071,100072],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[34,100074,100076],{"id":100075},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,100078,100079,100080,100082],{},"Set items must be ",[166,100081,96925],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,100084,100085],{},"These usually work:",[209,100087,100088,100090,100092,100094],{},[212,100089,57010],{},[212,100091,57013],{},[212,100093,96937],{},[212,100095,41137],{},[39,100097,100099],{"className":41,"code":100098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,100100,100101,100135],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100102,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100104,4605],{"class":54},[48,100106,59],{"class":58},[48,100108,63],{"class":62},[48,100110,3770],{"class":99},[48,100112,87],{"class":62},[48,100114,79],{"class":66},[48,100116,1128],{"class":70},[48,100118,67],{"class":66},[48,100120,87],{"class":62},[48,100122,330],{"class":62},[48,100124,3114],{"class":99},[48,100126,87],{"class":62},[48,100128,2506],{"class":99},[48,100130,327],{"class":62},[48,100132,4697],{"class":1642},[48,100134,103],{"class":62},[48,100136,100137,100139,100141,100143],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100138,276],{"class":147},[48,100140,151],{"class":62},[48,100142,1415],{"class":137},[48,100144,162],{"class":62},[20,100146,100147,100148,100150],{},"These do ",[166,100149,5413],{}," work directly:",[209,100152,100153,100155],{},[212,100154,97641],{},[212,100156,97644],{},[39,100158,100160],{"className":41,"code":100159,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,100161,100162],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100163,100164,100167,100169,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100165,100166],{"class":54},"bad_set ",[48,100168,59],{"class":58},[48,100170,100171],{"class":62}," {[",[48,100173,3770],{"class":99},[48,100175,87],{"class":62},[48,100177,632],{"class":99},[48,100179,87],{"class":62},[48,100181,800],{"class":99},[48,100183,14439],{"class":62},[20,100185,100186],{},"This raises an error:",[39,100188,100189],{"className":41,"code":97700,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,100190,100191],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100192,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100194,3787],{"class":281},[48,100196,76],{"class":62},[48,100198,97711],{"class":54},[48,100200,2094],{"class":281},[48,100202,76],{"class":62},[48,100204,320],{"class":66},[48,100206,282],{"class":70},[48,100208,30233],{"class":66},[20,100210,52627],{},[39,100212,100214],{"className":41,"code":100213,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,100215,100216],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100217,100218,100220,100222,100225,100227,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100219,100166],{"class":54},[48,100221,59],{"class":58},[48,100223,100224],{"class":62}," {{",[48,100226,67],{"class":66},[48,100228,71],{"class":70},[48,100230,67],{"class":66},[48,100232,76],{"class":62},[48,100234,79],{"class":66},[48,100236,8446],{"class":70},[48,100238,67],{"class":66},[48,100240,100241],{"class":62},"}}\n",[20,100243,100244],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[34,100246,100248],{"id":100247},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1752,100250,100252],{"id":100251},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[39,100254,100256],{"className":41,"code":100255,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100257,100258,100282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100259,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100261,2232],{"class":54},[48,100263,59],{"class":58},[48,100265,63],{"class":62},[48,100267,3770],{"class":99},[48,100269,87],{"class":62},[48,100271,632],{"class":99},[48,100273,87],{"class":62},[48,100275,800],{"class":99},[48,100277,87],{"class":62},[48,100279,3241],{"class":99},[48,100281,103],{"class":62},[48,100283,100284,100286,100288,100290],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100285,276],{"class":147},[48,100287,151],{"class":62},[48,100289,2411],{"class":137},[48,100291,162],{"class":62},[1752,100293,100295],{"id":100294},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[39,100297,100299],{"className":41,"code":100298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100300,100301,100329,100344,100348],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100302,100303,100305,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100304,8549],{"class":54},[48,100306,59],{"class":58},[48,100308,4404],{"class":62},[48,100310,3770],{"class":99},[48,100312,87],{"class":62},[48,100314,618],{"class":99},[48,100316,87],{"class":62},[48,100318,632],{"class":99},[48,100320,87],{"class":62},[48,100322,800],{"class":99},[48,100324,87],{"class":62},[48,100326,800],{"class":99},[48,100328,1465],{"class":62},[48,100330,100331,100334,100336,100338,100340,100342],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100332,100333],{"class":54},"unique_items ",[48,100335,59],{"class":58},[48,100337,16362],{"class":281},[48,100339,151],{"class":62},[48,100341,138],{"class":137},[48,100343,162],{"class":62},[48,100345,100346],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,100347,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,100349,100350,100352,100354,100357],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,100351,276],{"class":147},[48,100353,151],{"class":62},[48,100355,100356],{"class":137},"unique_items",[48,100358,162],{"class":62},[1752,100360,99706],{"id":100361},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[39,100363,100365],{"className":41,"code":100364,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100366,100367,100385],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100368,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379,100381,100383],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100370,36629],{"class":54},[48,100372,59],{"class":58},[48,100374,16362],{"class":281},[48,100376,151],{"class":62},[48,100378,67],{"class":66},[48,100380,1146],{"class":70},[48,100382,67],{"class":66},[48,100384,162],{"class":62},[48,100386,100387,100389,100391,100393],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100388,276],{"class":147},[48,100390,151],{"class":62},[48,100392,36682],{"class":137},[48,100394,162],{"class":62},[1752,100396,100398],{"id":100397},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[39,100400,100402],{"className":41,"code":100401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100403,100404,100414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100405,100406,100408,100410,100412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100407,98844],{"class":54},[48,100409,59],{"class":58},[48,100411,16362],{"class":281},[48,100413,380],{"class":62},[48,100415,100416,100418,100420,100422],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100417,276],{"class":147},[48,100419,151],{"class":62},[48,100421,98863],{"class":137},[48,100423,162],{"class":62},[34,100425,1745],{"id":1744},[20,100427,100428],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1752,100430,9185,100432,100434],{"id":100431},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100433,4574],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100436,100437],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[39,100439,100441],{"className":41,"code":100440,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100442,100443,100451],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100444,100445,100447,100449],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100446,3231],{"class":54},[48,100448,59],{"class":58},[48,100450,10593],{"class":62},[48,100452,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100454,276],{"class":147},[48,100456,151],{"class":62},[48,100458,2094],{"class":281},[48,100460,151],{"class":62},[48,100462,933],{"class":137},[48,100464,670],{"class":62},[20,100466,100467],{},"This prints:",[39,100469,100470],{"className":41,"code":9575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,100471,100472],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100473,100474,100476,100478,100480,100482,100484],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100475,2168],{"class":58},[48,100477,2171],{"class":915},[48,100479,320],{"class":66},[48,100481,9588],{"class":70},[48,100483,311],{"class":66},[48,100485,2180],{"class":58},[20,100487,189,100488,7401],{},[15,100489,4579],{},[1752,100491,100493],{"id":100492},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100495,100496],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[39,100498,100500],{"className":41,"code":100499,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100501,100502,100530],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100503,100504,100506,100508,100510,100512,100514,100516,100518,100520,100522,100524,100526,100528],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100505,2232],{"class":54},[48,100507,59],{"class":58},[48,100509,63],{"class":62},[48,100511,3770],{"class":99},[48,100513,87],{"class":62},[48,100515,618],{"class":99},[48,100517,87],{"class":62},[48,100519,632],{"class":99},[48,100521,87],{"class":62},[48,100523,632],{"class":99},[48,100525,87],{"class":62},[48,100527,800],{"class":99},[48,100529,103],{"class":62},[48,100531,100532,100534,100536,100538],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100533,276],{"class":147},[48,100535,151],{"class":62},[48,100537,2411],{"class":137},[48,100539,162],{"class":62},[20,100541,100542],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1752,100544,100546],{"id":100545},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100548,100549],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100551,100552],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[39,100554,100556],{"className":41,"code":100555,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100557,100558,100578],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100559,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100561,2232],{"class":54},[48,100563,59],{"class":58},[48,100565,63],{"class":62},[48,100567,3114],{"class":99},[48,100569,87],{"class":62},[48,100571,2506],{"class":99},[48,100573,87],{"class":62},[48,100575,8564],{"class":99},[48,100577,103],{"class":62},[48,100579,100580],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100581,100582],{"class":4445},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100584,100585],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1752,100587,100589],{"id":100588},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100591,100592],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[39,100594,100596],{"className":41,"code":100595,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100597,100598,100603],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100599,100600],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100601,100602],{"class":4445},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[48,100604,100605],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100606,100607],{"class":4445},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100609,100610,100611,134],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100612,3787],{},[1752,100614,100616],{"id":100615},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100618,100619],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[39,100621,100623],{"className":41,"code":100622,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100624,100625,100645,100677,100681,100695],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100626,100627,100629,100631,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100628,16357],{"class":54},[48,100630,59],{"class":58},[48,100632,63],{"class":62},[48,100634,3770],{"class":99},[48,100636,87],{"class":62},[48,100638,632],{"class":99},[48,100640,87],{"class":62},[48,100642,800],{"class":99},[48,100644,103],{"class":62},[48,100646,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100648,2038],{"class":54},[48,100650,59],{"class":58},[48,100652,63],{"class":62},[48,100654,67],{"class":66},[48,100656,348],{"class":70},[48,100658,67],{"class":66},[48,100660,76],{"class":62},[48,100662,618],{"class":99},[48,100664,87],{"class":62},[48,100666,79],{"class":66},[48,100668,2059],{"class":70},[48,100670,67],{"class":66},[48,100672,76],{"class":62},[48,100674,632],{"class":99},[48,100676,103],{"class":62},[48,100678,100679],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,100680,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,100682,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,100684,276],{"class":147},[48,100686,151],{"class":62},[48,100688,2094],{"class":281},[48,100690,151],{"class":62},[48,100692,16395],{"class":137},[48,100694,670],{"class":62},[48,100696,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,100698,276],{"class":147},[48,100700,151],{"class":62},[48,100702,2094],{"class":281},[48,100704,151],{"class":62},[48,100706,373],{"class":137},[48,100708,670],{"class":62},[34,100710,93337],{"id":93336},[20,100712,100713],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[39,100715,100717],{"className":41,"code":100716,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100718,100719,100745,100749,100763,100773,100787,100794],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100720,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741,100743],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100722,16357],{"class":54},[48,100724,59],{"class":58},[48,100726,16362],{"class":281},[48,100728,3767],{"class":62},[48,100730,3770],{"class":99},[48,100732,87],{"class":62},[48,100734,632],{"class":99},[48,100736,87],{"class":62},[48,100738,632],{"class":99},[48,100740,87],{"class":62},[48,100742,800],{"class":99},[48,100744,4670],{"class":62},[48,100746,100747],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,100748,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,100750,100751,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,100752,276],{"class":147},[48,100754,151],{"class":62},[48,100756,2094],{"class":281},[48,100758,151],{"class":62},[48,100760,16395],{"class":137},[48,100762,670],{"class":62},[48,100764,100765,100767,100769,100771],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,100766,276],{"class":147},[48,100768,151],{"class":62},[48,100770,16395],{"class":137},[48,100772,162],{"class":62},[48,100774,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,100776,276],{"class":147},[48,100778,151],{"class":62},[48,100780,11914],{"class":147},[48,100782,151],{"class":62},[48,100784,16395],{"class":137},[48,100786,670],{"class":62},[48,100788,100789,100791],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,100790,276],{"class":147},[48,100792,100793],{"class":62},"({})\n",[48,100795,100796,100798,100800,100802],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,100797,276],{"class":147},[48,100799,151],{"class":62},[48,100801,7062],{"class":281},[48,100803,1203],{"class":62},[20,100805,100806],{},"Use these to confirm:",[209,100808,100809,100812,100815,100818],{},[212,100810,100811],{},"The object type",[212,100813,100814],{},"The actual values stored",[212,100816,100817],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[212,100819,100820,100821,5174,100823],{},"The difference between ",[15,100822,4574],{},[15,100824,4579],{},[34,100826,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,100828,100830],{"id":100829},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100832,100833,100834,100837,100838,100840],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100835,100836],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100839,4579],{}," with another iterable.",[1752,100842,100844],{"id":100843},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100846,189,100847,100849,100850,100852],{},[15,100848,4579],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100851,4574],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1752,100854,100856],{"id":100855},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100858,100859],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1752,100861,100863],{"id":100862},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100865,100866],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1752,100868,100870],{"id":100869},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100872,100873],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[34,100875,2679],{"id":2678},[209,100877,100878,100882,100888,100894,100899],{},[212,100879,100880],{},[348,100881,96882],{"href":98053},[212,100883,100884],{},[348,100885,4356,100886,2689],{"href":99054},[15,100887,96762],{},[212,100889,100890],{},[348,100891,4356,100892,2689],{"href":99073},[15,100893,97868],{},[212,100895,100896],{},[348,100897,100898],{"href":99631},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[212,100900,100901],{},[348,100902,100903],{"href":99345},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100905,100906],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2711,100908,100909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":100911},[100912,100913,100914,100915,100918,100924,100928,100929,100930,100936,100944,100945,100952],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":15890,"depth":106,"text":15891},{"id":99317,"depth":106,"text":99318},{"id":99349,"depth":106,"text":99350,"children":100916},[100917],{"id":99418,"depth":113,"text":99419},{"id":99522,"depth":106,"text":100919,"children":100920},"Create a set with set()",[100921,100922,100923],{"id":99547,"depth":113,"text":99548},{"id":99635,"depth":113,"text":99636},{"id":99705,"depth":113,"text":99706},{"id":99790,"depth":106,"text":99791,"children":100925},[100926],{"id":99867,"depth":113,"text":100927},"Do not use {}",{"id":72819,"depth":106,"text":72820},{"id":100075,"depth":106,"text":100076},{"id":100247,"depth":106,"text":100248,"children":100931},[100932,100933,100934,100935],{"id":100251,"depth":113,"text":100252},{"id":100294,"depth":113,"text":100295},{"id":100361,"depth":113,"text":99706},{"id":100397,"depth":113,"text":100398},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":100937},[100938,100940,100941,100942,100943],{"id":100431,"depth":113,"text":100939},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100492,"depth":113,"text":100493},{"id":100545,"depth":113,"text":100546},{"id":100588,"depth":113,"text":100589},{"id":100615,"depth":113,"text":100616},{"id":93336,"depth":106,"text":93337},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":100946},[100947,100948,100949,100950,100951],{"id":100829,"depth":113,"text":100830},{"id":100843,"depth":113,"text":100844},{"id":100855,"depth":113,"text":100856},{"id":100862,"depth":113,"text":100863},{"id":100869,"depth":113,"text":100870},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":99120,"description":100953},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100959,"title":100960,"body":100961,"description":103392,"extension":2749,"meta":103393,"navigation":109,"path":103394,"seo":103395,"stem":103396,"__hash__":103397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100962,"toc":103357},[100963,100969,100975,100978,100980,101057,101059,101076,101086,101088,101093,101101,101103,101119,101123,101125,101127,101130,101151,101154,101178,101184,101186,101283,101285,101302,101312,101314,101316,101324,101326,101337,101339,101430,101432,101456,101467,101469,101471,101474,101604,101606,101679,101681,101702,101705,101707,101713,101718,101721,101848,101850,101867,101870,101872,101880,101883,101887,101895,101986,101988,102025,102030,102037,102114,102116,102132,102137,102142,102144,102153,102161,102242,102244,102273,102276,102280,102291,102294,102377,102379,102400,102406,102408,102410,102414,102418,102425,102490,102492,102512,102515,102584,102586,102602,102606,102612,102624,102632,102634,102719,102721,102750,102753,102757,102762,102764,102814,102817,102898,102900,102916,102920,102923,102998,103001,103005,103008,103085,103087,103120,103126,103130,103133,103268,103270,103284,103286,103288,103294,103297,103304,103312,103318,103321,103325,103328,103330,103332,103354],[10,100964,96754,100966,18],{"id":100965},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100967,100968],{},"difference()",[20,100970,100971,100974],{},[15,100972,100973],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100976,100977],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[34,100979,4390],{"id":4389},[39,100981,100983],{"className":41,"code":100982,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100984,100985,101009,101029,101047],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100986,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100988,3338],{"class":54},[48,100990,59],{"class":58},[48,100992,63],{"class":62},[48,100994,3770],{"class":99},[48,100996,87],{"class":62},[48,100998,632],{"class":99},[48,101000,87],{"class":62},[48,101002,800],{"class":99},[48,101004,87],{"class":62},[48,101006,3241],{"class":99},[48,101008,103],{"class":62},[48,101010,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025,101027],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,101012,3365],{"class":54},[48,101014,59],{"class":58},[48,101016,63],{"class":62},[48,101018,2848],{"class":99},[48,101020,87],{"class":62},[48,101022,3241],{"class":99},[48,101024,87],{"class":62},[48,101026,5387],{"class":99},[48,101028,103],{"class":62},[48,101030,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,101032,449],{"class":54},[48,101034,59],{"class":58},[48,101036,57436],{"class":54},[48,101038,134],{"class":62},[48,101040,3594],{"class":137},[48,101042,151],{"class":62},[48,101044,2059],{"class":137},[48,101046,162],{"class":62},[48,101048,101049,101051,101053,101055],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,101050,276],{"class":147},[48,101052,151],{"class":62},[48,101054,474],{"class":137},[48,101056,162],{"class":62},[20,101058,168],{},[39,101060,101062],{"className":41,"code":101061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2}\n",[15,101063,101064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101065,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101067,537],{"class":62},[48,101069,3770],{"class":99},[48,101071,87],{"class":62},[48,101073,632],{"class":99},[48,101075,103],{"class":62},[20,101077,101078,101080,101081,101083,101084,134],{},[15,101079,100968],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,101082,348],{}," that are not in ",[15,101085,2059],{},[45461,101087],{},[34,101089,196,101091,199],{"id":101090},"what-difference-does",[15,101092,100968],{},[20,101094,22,101095,101097,101098,101100],{},[15,101096,100968],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[166,101099,5413],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,101102,13792],{},[209,101104,101105,101110,101113,101116],{},[212,101106,101107,101109],{},[15,101108,100968],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[212,101111,101112],{},"It creates a new set",[212,101114,101115],{},"It does not change the original set",[212,101117,101118],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,101120,96878,101121,134],{},[348,101122,96882],{"href":98053},[45461,101124],{},[34,101126,360],{"id":359},[20,101128,101129],{},"Use this form:",[39,101131,101133],{"className":41,"code":101132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,101134,101135],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101136,101137,101140,101142,101144,101146,101149],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101138,101139],{"class":54},"set1",[48,101141,134],{"class":62},[48,101143,3594],{"class":137},[48,101145,151],{"class":62},[48,101147,101148],{"class":137},"set2",[48,101150,162],{"class":62},[20,101152,101153],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[39,101155,101157],{"className":41,"code":101156,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,101158,101159],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101160,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101176],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101162,101139],{"class":54},[48,101164,134],{"class":62},[48,101166,3594],{"class":137},[48,101168,151],{"class":62},[48,101170,101148],{"class":137},[48,101172,87],{"class":62},[48,101174,101175],{"class":137}," set3",[48,101177,162],{"class":62},[20,101179,101180,101181,101183],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[166,101182,6132],{}," of the other sets.",[20,101185,226],{},[39,101187,101189],{"className":41,"code":101188,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101190,101191,101219,101235,101247,101251,101273],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101192,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101194,3338],{"class":54},[48,101196,59],{"class":58},[48,101198,63],{"class":62},[48,101200,3770],{"class":99},[48,101202,87],{"class":62},[48,101204,632],{"class":99},[48,101206,87],{"class":62},[48,101208,800],{"class":99},[48,101210,87],{"class":62},[48,101212,3241],{"class":99},[48,101214,87],{"class":62},[48,101216,5387],{"class":99},[48,101218,103],{"class":62},[48,101220,101221,101223,101225,101227,101229,101231,101233],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,101222,3365],{"class":54},[48,101224,59],{"class":58},[48,101226,63],{"class":62},[48,101228,2842],{"class":99},[48,101230,87],{"class":62},[48,101232,800],{"class":99},[48,101234,103],{"class":62},[48,101236,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,101238,83737],{"class":54},[48,101240,59],{"class":58},[48,101242,63],{"class":62},[48,101244,2921],{"class":99},[48,101246,103],{"class":62},[48,101248,101249],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,101250,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,101252,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,101254,449],{"class":54},[48,101256,59],{"class":58},[48,101258,57436],{"class":54},[48,101260,134],{"class":62},[48,101262,3594],{"class":137},[48,101264,151],{"class":62},[48,101266,2059],{"class":137},[48,101268,87],{"class":62},[48,101270,10437],{"class":137},[48,101272,162],{"class":62},[48,101274,101275,101277,101279,101281],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,101276,276],{"class":147},[48,101278,151],{"class":62},[48,101280,474],{"class":137},[48,101282,162],{"class":62},[20,101284,168],{},[39,101286,101288],{"className":41,"code":101287,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101289,101290],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101291,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101293,537],{"class":62},[48,101295,3770],{"class":99},[48,101297,87],{"class":62},[48,101299,3241],{"class":99},[48,101301,103],{"class":62},[20,101303,101304,101305,101307,101308,352,101310,134],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101306,348],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101309,2059],{},[15,101311,2265],{},[45461,101313],{},[34,101315,18143],{"id":18142},[20,101317,101318,101320,101321,134],{},[15,101319,100968],{}," always returns a ",[166,101322,101323],{},"new set",[20,101325,44194],{},[209,101327,101328,101331,101334],{},[212,101329,101330],{},"The return value is a new set",[212,101332,101333],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[212,101335,101336],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101338,226],{},[39,101340,101342],{"className":41,"code":101341,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101343,101344,101360,101380,101384,101402,101406,101416],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101345,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101347,3338],{"class":54},[48,101349,59],{"class":58},[48,101351,63],{"class":62},[48,101353,3770],{"class":99},[48,101355,87],{"class":62},[48,101357,632],{"class":99},[48,101359,103],{"class":62},[48,101361,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,101363,3365],{"class":54},[48,101365,59],{"class":58},[48,101367,63],{"class":62},[48,101369,3770],{"class":99},[48,101371,87],{"class":62},[48,101373,632],{"class":99},[48,101375,87],{"class":62},[48,101377,800],{"class":99},[48,101379,103],{"class":62},[48,101381,101382],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,101383,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,101385,101386,101388,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,101387,449],{"class":54},[48,101389,59],{"class":58},[48,101391,57436],{"class":54},[48,101393,134],{"class":62},[48,101395,3594],{"class":137},[48,101397,151],{"class":62},[48,101399,2059],{"class":137},[48,101401,162],{"class":62},[48,101403,101404],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,101405,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,101407,101408,101410,101412,101414],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,101409,276],{"class":147},[48,101411,151],{"class":62},[48,101413,474],{"class":137},[48,101415,162],{"class":62},[48,101417,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,101419,276],{"class":147},[48,101421,151],{"class":62},[48,101423,2094],{"class":281},[48,101425,151],{"class":62},[48,101427,474],{"class":137},[48,101429,670],{"class":62},[20,101431,168],{},[39,101433,101434],{"className":41,"code":99842,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,101435,101436,101442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101437,101438,101440],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101439,7062],{"class":281},[48,101441,380],{"class":62},[48,101443,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,101445,2168],{"class":58},[48,101447,2171],{"class":915},[48,101449,320],{"class":66},[48,101451,7062],{"class":70},[48,101453,311],{"class":66},[48,101455,2180],{"class":58},[20,101457,101458,101459,19684,101461,101463,101464,101466],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101460,4579],{},[15,101462,4574],{},". In Python, ",[15,101465,4574],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45461,101468],{},[34,101470,12225],{"id":12224},[20,101472,101473],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[39,101475,101477],{"className":41,"code":101476,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101478,101479,101512,101545,101549,101569,101573,101583,101594],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101480,101481,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101482,101483],{"class":54},"fruits_a ",[48,101485,59],{"class":58},[48,101487,63],{"class":62},[48,101489,67],{"class":66},[48,101491,1128],{"class":70},[48,101493,67],{"class":66},[48,101495,87],{"class":62},[48,101497,79],{"class":66},[48,101499,1146],{"class":70},[48,101501,67],{"class":66},[48,101503,87],{"class":62},[48,101505,79],{"class":66},[48,101507,33756],{"class":70},[48,101509,67],{"class":66},[48,101511,103],{"class":62},[48,101513,101514,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,101515,101516],{"class":54},"fruits_b ",[48,101518,59],{"class":58},[48,101520,63],{"class":62},[48,101522,67],{"class":66},[48,101524,1146],{"class":70},[48,101526,67],{"class":66},[48,101528,87],{"class":62},[48,101530,79],{"class":66},[48,101532,33756],{"class":70},[48,101534,67],{"class":66},[48,101536,87],{"class":62},[48,101538,79],{"class":66},[48,101540,1164],{"class":70},[48,101542,67],{"class":66},[48,101544,103],{"class":62},[48,101546,101547],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,101548,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,101550,101551,101553,101555,101558,101560,101562,101564,101567],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,101552,449],{"class":54},[48,101554,59],{"class":58},[48,101556,101557],{"class":54}," fruits_a",[48,101559,134],{"class":62},[48,101561,3594],{"class":137},[48,101563,151],{"class":62},[48,101565,101566],{"class":137},"fruits_b",[48,101568,162],{"class":62},[48,101570,101571],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,101572,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,101574,101575,101577,101579,101581],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,101576,276],{"class":147},[48,101578,151],{"class":62},[48,101580,474],{"class":137},[48,101582,162],{"class":62},[48,101584,101585,101587,101589,101592],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,101586,276],{"class":147},[48,101588,151],{"class":62},[48,101590,101591],{"class":137},"fruits_a",[48,101593,162],{"class":62},[48,101595,101596,101598,101600,101602],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,101597,276],{"class":147},[48,101599,151],{"class":62},[48,101601,101566],{"class":137},[48,101603,162],{"class":62},[20,101605,30563],{},[39,101607,101609],{"className":41,"code":101608,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101610,101611,101623,101651],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101612,101613,101615,101617,101619,101621],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101614,537],{"class":62},[48,101616,311],{"class":66},[48,101618,1128],{"class":70},[48,101620,311],{"class":66},[48,101622,103],{"class":62},[48,101624,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,101626,537],{"class":62},[48,101628,311],{"class":66},[48,101630,1146],{"class":70},[48,101632,311],{"class":66},[48,101634,87],{"class":62},[48,101636,320],{"class":66},[48,101638,33756],{"class":70},[48,101640,311],{"class":66},[48,101642,87],{"class":62},[48,101644,320],{"class":66},[48,101646,1128],{"class":70},[48,101648,311],{"class":66},[48,101650,103],{"class":62},[48,101652,101653,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,101654,537],{"class":62},[48,101656,311],{"class":66},[48,101658,1146],{"class":70},[48,101660,311],{"class":66},[48,101662,87],{"class":62},[48,101664,320],{"class":66},[48,101666,33756],{"class":70},[48,101668,311],{"class":66},[48,101670,87],{"class":62},[48,101672,320],{"class":66},[48,101674,1164],{"class":70},[48,101676,311],{"class":66},[48,101678,103],{"class":62},[20,101680,12431],{},[209,101682,101683,101688,101693,101699],{},[212,101684,101685,101686],{},"Start with ",[15,101687,101591],{},[212,101689,101690,101691],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101692,101566],{},[212,101694,101695,101696,101698],{},"Only ",[15,101697,58382],{}," remains",[212,101700,101701],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101703,101704],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45461,101706],{},[34,101708,9185,101710,101712],{"id":101709},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101711,100968],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101714,101715,101716,134],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101717,100968],{},[20,101719,101720],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[39,101722,101724],{"className":41,"code":101723,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101725,101726,101758,101775,101788,101805,101809,101838],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101727,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101729,2232],{"class":54},[48,101731,59],{"class":58},[48,101733,63],{"class":62},[48,101735,3770],{"class":99},[48,101737,87],{"class":62},[48,101739,632],{"class":99},[48,101741,87],{"class":62},[48,101743,800],{"class":99},[48,101745,87],{"class":62},[48,101747,3241],{"class":99},[48,101749,87],{"class":62},[48,101751,5387],{"class":99},[48,101753,87],{"class":62},[48,101755,38184],{"class":99},[48,101757,103],{"class":62},[48,101759,101760,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,101761,101762],{"class":54},"group_a ",[48,101764,59],{"class":58},[48,101766,63],{"class":62},[48,101768,2842],{"class":99},[48,101770,87],{"class":62},[48,101772,3241],{"class":99},[48,101774,103],{"class":62},[48,101776,101777,101780,101782,101784,101786],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,101778,101779],{"class":54},"group_b ",[48,101781,59],{"class":58},[48,101783,63],{"class":62},[48,101785,2921],{"class":99},[48,101787,103],{"class":62},[48,101789,101790,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,101791,101792],{"class":54},"group_c ",[48,101794,59],{"class":58},[48,101796,63],{"class":62},[48,101798,81145],{"class":99},[48,101800,87],{"class":62},[48,101802,6769],{"class":99},[48,101804,103],{"class":62},[48,101806,101807],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,101808,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,101810,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101826,101828,101831,101833,101836],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,101812,449],{"class":54},[48,101814,59],{"class":58},[48,101816,2292],{"class":54},[48,101818,134],{"class":62},[48,101820,3594],{"class":137},[48,101822,151],{"class":62},[48,101824,101825],{"class":137},"group_a",[48,101827,87],{"class":62},[48,101829,101830],{"class":137}," group_b",[48,101832,87],{"class":62},[48,101834,101835],{"class":137}," group_c",[48,101837,162],{"class":62},[48,101839,101840,101842,101844,101846],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,101841,276],{"class":147},[48,101843,151],{"class":62},[48,101845,474],{"class":137},[48,101847,162],{"class":62},[20,101849,168],{},[39,101851,101853],{"className":41,"code":101852,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101854,101855],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101856,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101858,537],{"class":62},[48,101860,3770],{"class":99},[48,101862,87],{"class":62},[48,101864,800],{"class":99},[48,101866,103],{"class":62},[20,101868,101869],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45461,101871],{},[34,101873,101875,1306,101877],{"id":101874},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101876,100968],{},[15,101878,101879],{},"difference_update()",[20,101881,101882],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1752,101884,101885],{"id":3594},[15,101886,100968],{},[209,101888,101889,101892],{},[212,101890,101891],{},"Returns a new set",[212,101893,101894],{},"Does not change the original set",[39,101896,101898],{"className":41,"code":101897,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101899,101900,101924,101940,101944,101962,101966,101976],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101901,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101903,3338],{"class":54},[48,101905,59],{"class":58},[48,101907,63],{"class":62},[48,101909,3770],{"class":99},[48,101911,87],{"class":62},[48,101913,632],{"class":99},[48,101915,87],{"class":62},[48,101917,800],{"class":99},[48,101919,87],{"class":62},[48,101921,3241],{"class":99},[48,101923,103],{"class":62},[48,101925,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,101927,3365],{"class":54},[48,101929,59],{"class":58},[48,101931,63],{"class":62},[48,101933,2848],{"class":99},[48,101935,87],{"class":62},[48,101937,3241],{"class":99},[48,101939,103],{"class":62},[48,101941,101942],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,101943,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,101945,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956,101958,101960],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,101947,449],{"class":54},[48,101949,59],{"class":58},[48,101951,57436],{"class":54},[48,101953,134],{"class":62},[48,101955,3594],{"class":137},[48,101957,151],{"class":62},[48,101959,2059],{"class":137},[48,101961,162],{"class":62},[48,101963,101964],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,101965,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,101967,101968,101970,101972,101974],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,101969,276],{"class":147},[48,101971,151],{"class":62},[48,101973,474],{"class":137},[48,101975,162],{"class":62},[48,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,101979,276],{"class":147},[48,101981,151],{"class":62},[48,101983,348],{"class":137},[48,101985,162],{"class":62},[20,101987,168],{},[39,101989,101991],{"className":41,"code":101990,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101992,101993,102005],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101994,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101996,537],{"class":62},[48,101998,3770],{"class":99},[48,102000,87],{"class":62},[48,102002,632],{"class":99},[48,102004,103],{"class":62},[48,102006,102007,102009,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102008,537],{"class":62},[48,102010,3770],{"class":99},[48,102012,87],{"class":62},[48,102014,632],{"class":99},[48,102016,87],{"class":62},[48,102018,800],{"class":99},[48,102020,87],{"class":62},[48,102022,3241],{"class":99},[48,102024,103],{"class":62},[1752,102026,102028],{"id":102027},"difference_update",[15,102029,101879],{},[209,102031,102032,102035],{},[212,102033,102034],{},"Changes the original set",[212,102036,96872],{},[39,102038,102040],{"className":41,"code":102039,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,102041,102042,102066,102082,102086,102100,102104],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102043,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102045,3338],{"class":54},[48,102047,59],{"class":58},[48,102049,63],{"class":62},[48,102051,3770],{"class":99},[48,102053,87],{"class":62},[48,102055,632],{"class":99},[48,102057,87],{"class":62},[48,102059,800],{"class":99},[48,102061,87],{"class":62},[48,102063,3241],{"class":99},[48,102065,103],{"class":62},[48,102067,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102069,3365],{"class":54},[48,102071,59],{"class":58},[48,102073,63],{"class":62},[48,102075,2848],{"class":99},[48,102077,87],{"class":62},[48,102079,3241],{"class":99},[48,102081,103],{"class":62},[48,102083,102084],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102085,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102087,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102089,348],{"class":54},[48,102091,134],{"class":62},[48,102093,102027],{"class":137},[48,102095,151],{"class":62},[48,102097,2059],{"class":137},[48,102099,162],{"class":62},[48,102101,102102],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,102103,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102105,102106,102108,102110,102112],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,102107,276],{"class":147},[48,102109,151],{"class":62},[48,102111,348],{"class":137},[48,102113,162],{"class":62},[20,102115,168],{},[39,102117,102118],{"className":41,"code":101061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,102119,102120],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102121,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102123,537],{"class":62},[48,102125,3770],{"class":99},[48,102127,87],{"class":62},[48,102129,632],{"class":99},[48,102131,103],{"class":62},[20,102133,189,102134,102136],{},[15,102135,100968],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,102138,102139,102140,34136],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,102141,101879],{},[45461,102143],{},[34,102145,102147,102149,102150,102152],{"id":102146},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,102148,100968],{}," vs the ",[15,102151,2807],{}," operator",[20,102154,22,102155,102157,102158,102160],{},[15,102156,2807],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,102159,100968],{}," for two sets.",[39,102162,102164],{"className":41,"code":102163,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,102165,102166,102190,102206,102210,102228],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102167,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102169,3338],{"class":54},[48,102171,59],{"class":58},[48,102173,63],{"class":62},[48,102175,3770],{"class":99},[48,102177,87],{"class":62},[48,102179,632],{"class":99},[48,102181,87],{"class":62},[48,102183,800],{"class":99},[48,102185,87],{"class":62},[48,102187,3241],{"class":99},[48,102189,103],{"class":62},[48,102191,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102193,3365],{"class":54},[48,102195,59],{"class":58},[48,102197,63],{"class":62},[48,102199,2848],{"class":99},[48,102201,87],{"class":62},[48,102203,3241],{"class":99},[48,102205,103],{"class":62},[48,102207,102208],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102209,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102211,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220,102222,102224,102226],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102213,276],{"class":147},[48,102215,151],{"class":62},[48,102217,348],{"class":137},[48,102219,134],{"class":62},[48,102221,3594],{"class":137},[48,102223,151],{"class":62},[48,102225,2059],{"class":137},[48,102227,670],{"class":62},[48,102229,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,102231,276],{"class":147},[48,102233,151],{"class":62},[48,102235,3338],{"class":137},[48,102237,2807],{"class":58},[48,102239,3343],{"class":137},[48,102241,162],{"class":62},[20,102243,168],{},[39,102245,102247],{"className":41,"code":102246,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102248,102249,102261],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102250,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102252,537],{"class":62},[48,102254,3770],{"class":99},[48,102256,87],{"class":62},[48,102258,632],{"class":99},[48,102260,103],{"class":62},[48,102262,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102264,537],{"class":62},[48,102266,3770],{"class":99},[48,102268,87],{"class":62},[48,102270,632],{"class":99},[48,102272,103],{"class":62},[20,102274,102275],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,102277,95142,102278,2623],{},[15,102279,100968],{},[209,102281,102282,102285,102288],{},[212,102283,102284],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[212,102286,102287],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[212,102289,102290],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,102292,102293],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[39,102295,102297],{"className":41,"code":102296,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102298,102299,102327,102339,102351,102355],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102300,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102302,3338],{"class":54},[48,102304,59],{"class":58},[48,102306,63],{"class":62},[48,102308,3770],{"class":99},[48,102310,87],{"class":62},[48,102312,632],{"class":99},[48,102314,87],{"class":62},[48,102316,800],{"class":99},[48,102318,87],{"class":62},[48,102320,3241],{"class":99},[48,102322,87],{"class":62},[48,102324,5387],{"class":99},[48,102326,103],{"class":62},[48,102328,102329,102331,102333,102335,102337],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102330,3365],{"class":54},[48,102332,59],{"class":58},[48,102334,63],{"class":62},[48,102336,2842],{"class":99},[48,102338,103],{"class":62},[48,102340,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102342,83737],{"class":54},[48,102344,59],{"class":58},[48,102346,63],{"class":62},[48,102348,3288],{"class":99},[48,102350,103],{"class":62},[48,102352,102353],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102354,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102356,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,102358,276],{"class":147},[48,102360,151],{"class":62},[48,102362,348],{"class":137},[48,102364,134],{"class":62},[48,102366,3594],{"class":137},[48,102368,151],{"class":62},[48,102370,2059],{"class":137},[48,102372,87],{"class":62},[48,102374,10437],{"class":137},[48,102376,670],{"class":62},[20,102378,168],{},[39,102380,102382],{"className":41,"code":102381,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102383,102384],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102385,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102387,537],{"class":62},[48,102389,3770],{"class":99},[48,102391,87],{"class":62},[48,102393,800],{"class":99},[48,102395,87],{"class":62},[48,102397,5387],{"class":99},[48,102399,103],{"class":62},[20,102401,102402,102403,102405],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102404,2807],{}," operator expression.",[45461,102407],{},[34,102409,5300],{"id":5299},[20,102411,21929,102412,134],{},[15,102413,100968],{},[1752,102415,102417],{"id":102416},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102419,5410,102420,102422,102423,76],{},[166,102421,5413],{}," change ",[15,102424,348],{},[39,102426,102428],{"className":41,"code":102427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102429,102430,102450,102462,102466,102480],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102431,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102433,3338],{"class":54},[48,102435,59],{"class":58},[48,102437,63],{"class":62},[48,102439,3770],{"class":99},[48,102441,87],{"class":62},[48,102443,632],{"class":99},[48,102445,87],{"class":62},[48,102447,800],{"class":99},[48,102449,103],{"class":62},[48,102451,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102453,3365],{"class":54},[48,102455,59],{"class":58},[48,102457,63],{"class":62},[48,102459,2848],{"class":99},[48,102461,103],{"class":62},[48,102463,102464],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102465,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102467,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102469,348],{"class":54},[48,102471,134],{"class":62},[48,102473,3594],{"class":137},[48,102475,151],{"class":62},[48,102477,2059],{"class":137},[48,102479,162],{"class":62},[48,102481,102482,102484,102486,102488],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,102483,276],{"class":147},[48,102485,151],{"class":62},[48,102487,348],{"class":137},[48,102489,162],{"class":62},[20,102491,168],{},[39,102493,102494],{"className":41,"code":97161,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,102495,102496],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102497,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102499,537],{"class":62},[48,102501,3770],{"class":99},[48,102503,87],{"class":62},[48,102505,632],{"class":99},[48,102507,87],{"class":62},[48,102509,800],{"class":99},[48,102511,103],{"class":62},[20,102513,102514],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[39,102516,102518],{"className":41,"code":102517,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102519,102520,102540,102552,102556,102574],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102521,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102523,3338],{"class":54},[48,102525,59],{"class":58},[48,102527,63],{"class":62},[48,102529,3770],{"class":99},[48,102531,87],{"class":62},[48,102533,632],{"class":99},[48,102535,87],{"class":62},[48,102537,800],{"class":99},[48,102539,103],{"class":62},[48,102541,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102543,3365],{"class":54},[48,102545,59],{"class":58},[48,102547,63],{"class":62},[48,102549,2848],{"class":99},[48,102551,103],{"class":62},[48,102553,102554],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102555,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102557,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102559,3338],{"class":54},[48,102561,59],{"class":58},[48,102563,57436],{"class":54},[48,102565,134],{"class":62},[48,102567,3594],{"class":137},[48,102569,151],{"class":62},[48,102571,2059],{"class":137},[48,102573,162],{"class":62},[48,102575,102576,102578,102580,102582],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,102577,276],{"class":147},[48,102579,151],{"class":62},[48,102581,348],{"class":137},[48,102583,162],{"class":62},[20,102585,168],{},[39,102587,102588],{"className":41,"code":101061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,102589,102590],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102591,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102593,537],{"class":62},[48,102595,3770],{"class":99},[48,102597,87],{"class":62},[48,102599,632],{"class":99},[48,102601,103],{"class":62},[1752,102603,102605],{"id":102604},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102607,102608,102611],{},[15,102609,102610],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[209,102613,102614,102619],{},[212,102615,102616,102617],{},"keep items from ",[15,102618,348],{},[212,102620,102621,102622],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102623,2059],{},[20,102625,41448,102626,102628,102629,102631],{},[166,102627,5413],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102630,2059],{},"”.",[20,102633,226],{},[39,102635,102637],{"className":41,"code":102636,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102638,102639,102659,102679,102683,102701],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102640,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651,102653,102655,102657],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102642,3338],{"class":54},[48,102644,59],{"class":58},[48,102646,63],{"class":62},[48,102648,3770],{"class":99},[48,102650,87],{"class":62},[48,102652,632],{"class":99},[48,102654,87],{"class":62},[48,102656,800],{"class":99},[48,102658,103],{"class":62},[48,102660,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675,102677],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102662,3365],{"class":54},[48,102664,59],{"class":58},[48,102666,63],{"class":62},[48,102668,2848],{"class":99},[48,102670,87],{"class":62},[48,102672,3241],{"class":99},[48,102674,87],{"class":62},[48,102676,5387],{"class":99},[48,102678,103],{"class":62},[48,102680,102681],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102682,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102684,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102686,276],{"class":147},[48,102688,151],{"class":62},[48,102690,348],{"class":137},[48,102692,134],{"class":62},[48,102694,3594],{"class":137},[48,102696,151],{"class":62},[48,102698,2059],{"class":137},[48,102700,670],{"class":62},[48,102702,102703,102705,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715,102717],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,102704,276],{"class":147},[48,102706,151],{"class":62},[48,102708,2059],{"class":137},[48,102710,134],{"class":62},[48,102712,3594],{"class":137},[48,102714,151],{"class":62},[48,102716,348],{"class":137},[48,102718,670],{"class":62},[20,102720,168],{},[39,102722,102724],{"className":41,"code":102723,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102725,102726,102738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102727,102728,102730,102732,102734,102736],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102729,537],{"class":62},[48,102731,3770],{"class":99},[48,102733,87],{"class":62},[48,102735,632],{"class":99},[48,102737,103],{"class":62},[48,102739,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102741,537],{"class":62},[48,102743,3288],{"class":99},[48,102745,87],{"class":62},[48,102747,5387],{"class":99},[48,102749,103],{"class":62},[20,102751,102752],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1752,102754,102756],{"id":102755},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102758,102759,102761],{},[15,102760,100968],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102763,55867],{},[39,102765,102767],{"className":41,"code":102766,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102768,102769,102789,102805,102809],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102770,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102772,3338],{"class":54},[48,102774,59],{"class":58},[48,102776,4404],{"class":62},[48,102778,3770],{"class":99},[48,102780,87],{"class":62},[48,102782,632],{"class":99},[48,102784,87],{"class":62},[48,102786,800],{"class":99},[48,102788,1465],{"class":62},[48,102790,102791,102793,102795,102797,102799,102801,102803],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102792,3365],{"class":54},[48,102794,59],{"class":58},[48,102796,4404],{"class":62},[48,102798,2848],{"class":99},[48,102800,87],{"class":62},[48,102802,3241],{"class":99},[48,102804,1465],{"class":62},[48,102806,102807],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102808,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102810,102811],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102812,102813],{"class":4445},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102815,102816],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[39,102818,102820],{"className":41,"code":102819,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102821,102822,102842,102858,102862,102888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102823,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102825,3338],{"class":54},[48,102827,59],{"class":58},[48,102829,4404],{"class":62},[48,102831,3770],{"class":99},[48,102833,87],{"class":62},[48,102835,632],{"class":99},[48,102837,87],{"class":62},[48,102839,800],{"class":99},[48,102841,1465],{"class":62},[48,102843,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852,102854,102856],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102845,3365],{"class":54},[48,102847,59],{"class":58},[48,102849,4404],{"class":62},[48,102851,2848],{"class":99},[48,102853,87],{"class":62},[48,102855,3241],{"class":99},[48,102857,1465],{"class":62},[48,102859,102860],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102861,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102863,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102865,449],{"class":54},[48,102867,59],{"class":58},[48,102869,16362],{"class":281},[48,102871,151],{"class":62},[48,102873,348],{"class":137},[48,102875,9398],{"class":62},[48,102877,3594],{"class":137},[48,102879,151],{"class":62},[48,102881,7062],{"class":281},[48,102883,151],{"class":62},[48,102885,2059],{"class":137},[48,102887,670],{"class":62},[48,102889,102890,102892,102894,102896],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,102891,276],{"class":147},[48,102893,151],{"class":62},[48,102895,474],{"class":137},[48,102897,162],{"class":62},[20,102899,168],{},[39,102901,102902],{"className":41,"code":101061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,102903,102904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102905,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102907,537],{"class":62},[48,102909,3770],{"class":99},[48,102911,87],{"class":62},[48,102913,632],{"class":99},[48,102915,103],{"class":62},[1752,102917,102919],{"id":102918},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102921,102922],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[39,102924,102926],{"className":41,"code":102925,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102927,102928,102960,102976,102980],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102929,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102931,3338],{"class":54},[48,102933,59],{"class":58},[48,102935,63],{"class":62},[48,102937,67],{"class":66},[48,102939,37587],{"class":70},[48,102941,67],{"class":66},[48,102943,87],{"class":62},[48,102945,79],{"class":66},[48,102947,58676],{"class":70},[48,102949,67],{"class":66},[48,102951,87],{"class":62},[48,102953,79],{"class":66},[48,102955,58693],{"class":70},[48,102957,67],{"class":66},[48,102959,103],{"class":62},[48,102961,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,102963,3365],{"class":54},[48,102965,59],{"class":58},[48,102967,63],{"class":62},[48,102969,67],{"class":66},[48,102971,58676],{"class":70},[48,102973,67],{"class":66},[48,102975,103],{"class":62},[48,102977,102978],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,102979,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,102981,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,102983,276],{"class":147},[48,102985,151],{"class":62},[48,102987,348],{"class":137},[48,102989,134],{"class":62},[48,102991,3594],{"class":137},[48,102993,151],{"class":62},[48,102995,2059],{"class":137},[48,102997,670],{"class":62},[20,102999,103000],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1752,103002,103004],{"id":103003},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,103006,103007],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[39,103009,103011],{"className":41,"code":103010,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,103012,103013,103041,103053,103057,103067],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103014,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103016,3338],{"class":54},[48,103018,59],{"class":58},[48,103020,63],{"class":62},[48,103022,3770],{"class":99},[48,103024,87],{"class":62},[48,103026,618],{"class":99},[48,103028,87],{"class":62},[48,103030,632],{"class":99},[48,103032,87],{"class":62},[48,103034,632],{"class":99},[48,103036,87],{"class":62},[48,103038,800],{"class":99},[48,103040,103],{"class":62},[48,103042,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103044,3365],{"class":54},[48,103046,59],{"class":58},[48,103048,63],{"class":62},[48,103050,2848],{"class":99},[48,103052,103],{"class":62},[48,103054,103055],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,103056,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,103058,103059,103061,103063,103065],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,103060,276],{"class":147},[48,103062,151],{"class":62},[48,103064,348],{"class":137},[48,103066,162],{"class":62},[48,103068,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,103070,276],{"class":147},[48,103072,151],{"class":62},[48,103074,348],{"class":137},[48,103076,134],{"class":62},[48,103078,3594],{"class":137},[48,103080,151],{"class":62},[48,103082,2059],{"class":137},[48,103084,670],{"class":62},[20,103086,168],{},[39,103088,103090],{"className":41,"code":103089,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,103091,103092,103108],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103093,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103095,537],{"class":62},[48,103097,3770],{"class":99},[48,103099,87],{"class":62},[48,103101,632],{"class":99},[48,103103,87],{"class":62},[48,103105,800],{"class":99},[48,103107,103],{"class":62},[48,103109,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103111,537],{"class":62},[48,103113,3770],{"class":99},[48,103115,87],{"class":62},[48,103117,632],{"class":99},[48,103119,103],{"class":62},[20,103121,103122,103123,103125],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,103124,100968],{}," runs.",[1752,103127,103129],{"id":103128},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,103131,103132],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[39,103134,103136],{"className":41,"code":103135,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,103137,103138,103162,103182,103186,103196,103206,103224,103246],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103139,103140,103142,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103141,3338],{"class":54},[48,103143,59],{"class":58},[48,103145,63],{"class":62},[48,103147,3770],{"class":99},[48,103149,87],{"class":62},[48,103151,632],{"class":99},[48,103153,87],{"class":62},[48,103155,800],{"class":99},[48,103157,87],{"class":62},[48,103159,3241],{"class":99},[48,103161,103],{"class":62},[48,103163,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103165,3365],{"class":54},[48,103167,59],{"class":58},[48,103169,63],{"class":62},[48,103171,2848],{"class":99},[48,103173,87],{"class":62},[48,103175,3241],{"class":99},[48,103177,87],{"class":62},[48,103179,5387],{"class":99},[48,103181,103],{"class":62},[48,103183,103184],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,103185,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,103187,103188,103190,103192,103194],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,103189,276],{"class":147},[48,103191,151],{"class":62},[48,103193,348],{"class":137},[48,103195,162],{"class":62},[48,103197,103198,103200,103202,103204],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,103199,276],{"class":147},[48,103201,151],{"class":62},[48,103203,2059],{"class":137},[48,103205,162],{"class":62},[48,103207,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,103209,276],{"class":147},[48,103211,151],{"class":62},[48,103213,348],{"class":137},[48,103215,134],{"class":62},[48,103217,3594],{"class":137},[48,103219,151],{"class":62},[48,103221,2059],{"class":137},[48,103223,670],{"class":62},[48,103225,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,103227,276],{"class":147},[48,103229,151],{"class":62},[48,103231,2094],{"class":281},[48,103233,151],{"class":62},[48,103235,348],{"class":137},[48,103237,134],{"class":62},[48,103239,3594],{"class":137},[48,103241,151],{"class":62},[48,103243,2059],{"class":137},[48,103245,3693],{"class":62},[48,103247,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,103249,276],{"class":147},[48,103251,151],{"class":62},[48,103253,11914],{"class":147},[48,103255,151],{"class":62},[48,103257,348],{"class":137},[48,103259,134],{"class":62},[48,103261,3594],{"class":137},[48,103263,151],{"class":62},[48,103265,2059],{"class":137},[48,103267,3693],{"class":62},[20,103269,11923],{},[209,103271,103272,103275,103278,103281],{},[212,103273,103274],{},"what is in each set",[212,103276,103277],{},"what result Python creates",[212,103279,103280],{},"that the result is a set",[212,103282,103283],{},"how many items remain",[45461,103285],{},[34,103287,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,103289,2606,103291,103293],{"id":103290},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103292,100968],{}," change the original set?",[20,103295,103296],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1752,103298,5957,103300,5174,103302,2623],{"id":103299},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103301,100968],{},[15,103303,101879],{},[20,103305,103306,103308,103309,103311],{},[15,103307,100968],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103310,101879],{}," modifies the original set.",[1752,103313,28861,103315,103317],{"id":103314},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103316,100968],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103319,103320],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1752,103322,103324],{"id":103323},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103326,103327],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45461,103329],{},[34,103331,2679],{"id":2678},[209,103333,103334,103338,103346],{},[212,103335,103336],{},[348,103337,96882],{"href":98053},[212,103339,103340],{},[348,103341,97368,103343,2689],{"href":103342},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103344,103345],{},"intersection()",[212,103347,103348],{},[348,103349,97368,103351,2689],{"href":103350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103352,103353],{},"union()",[2711,103355,103356],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":103358},[103359,103360,103362,103363,103364,103365,103367,103372,103374,103382,103391],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":101090,"depth":106,"text":103361},"What difference() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":101709,"depth":106,"text":103366},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101874,"depth":106,"text":103368,"children":103369},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103370,103371],{"id":3594,"depth":113,"text":100968},{"id":102027,"depth":113,"text":101879},{"id":102146,"depth":106,"text":103373},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":103375},[103376,103377,103378,103379,103380,103381],{"id":102416,"depth":113,"text":102417},{"id":102604,"depth":113,"text":102605},{"id":102755,"depth":113,"text":102756},{"id":102918,"depth":113,"text":102919},{"id":103003,"depth":113,"text":103004},{"id":103128,"depth":113,"text":103129},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":103383},[103384,103386,103388,103390],{"id":103290,"depth":113,"text":103385},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103299,"depth":113,"text":103387},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103314,"depth":113,"text":103389},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103323,"depth":113,"text":103324},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100960,"description":103392},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103399,"title":103400,"body":103401,"description":105096,"extension":2749,"meta":105097,"navigation":109,"path":105098,"seo":105099,"stem":105100,"__hash__":105101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103402,"toc":105058},[103403,103409,103415,103428,103430,103531,103533,103578,103583,103588,103592,103606,103609,103617,103619,103638,103656,103660,103713,103715,103736,103743,103748,103775,103782,103881,103883,103920,103928,103932,103938,103941,104014,104016,104024,104029,104098,104100,104125,104127,104130,104233,104235,104296,104299,104303,104309,104382,104384,104417,104420,104423,104463,104469,104492,104497,104501,104512,104515,104517,104521,104527,104529,104586,104596,104598,104651,104658,104663,104731,104739,104745,104749,104751,104790,104795,104844,104848,104851,104853,104892,104895,104897,104902,104959,104961,104975,104977,104981,104987,104992,104997,105004,105015,105021,105026,105028,105055],[10,103404,96754,103406,18],{"id":103405},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103407,103408],{},"discard()",[20,103410,103411,103414],{},[15,103412,103413],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103416,103417,103418,2973,103423,14784,103425,103427],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[348,103419,103420],{"href":98763},[15,103421,103422],{},"set.remove()",[15,103424,103408],{},[166,103426,5413],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[34,103429,37],{"id":36},[39,103431,103433],{"className":41,"code":103432,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103434,103435,103467,103486,103496,103500,103521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103436,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103438,1119],{"class":54},[48,103440,59],{"class":58},[48,103442,63],{"class":62},[48,103444,67],{"class":66},[48,103446,1137],{"class":70},[48,103448,67],{"class":66},[48,103450,87],{"class":62},[48,103452,79],{"class":66},[48,103454,13848],{"class":70},[48,103456,67],{"class":66},[48,103458,87],{"class":62},[48,103460,79],{"class":66},[48,103462,18179],{"class":70},[48,103464,67],{"class":66},[48,103466,103],{"class":62},[48,103468,103469,103471,103473,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103470,1196],{"class":54},[48,103472,134],{"class":62},[48,103474,103475],{"class":137},"discard",[48,103477,151],{"class":62},[48,103479,67],{"class":66},[48,103481,13848],{"class":70},[48,103483,67],{"class":66},[48,103485,162],{"class":62},[48,103487,103488,103490,103492,103494],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,103489,276],{"class":147},[48,103491,151],{"class":62},[48,103493,1196],{"class":137},[48,103495,162],{"class":62},[48,103497,103498],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,103499,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,103501,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,103503,1196],{"class":54},[48,103505,134],{"class":62},[48,103507,103475],{"class":137},[48,103509,151],{"class":62},[48,103511,67],{"class":66},[48,103513,1155],{"class":70},[48,103515,67],{"class":66},[48,103517,4442],{"class":62},[48,103519,103520],{"class":4445},"  # no error if missing\n",[48,103522,103523,103525,103527,103529],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,103524,276],{"class":147},[48,103526,151],{"class":62},[48,103528,1196],{"class":137},[48,103530,162],{"class":62},[20,103532,30563],{},[39,103534,103536],{"className":41,"code":103535,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103537,103538,103558],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103539,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103541,537],{"class":62},[48,103543,311],{"class":66},[48,103545,1137],{"class":70},[48,103547,311],{"class":66},[48,103549,87],{"class":62},[48,103551,320],{"class":66},[48,103553,18179],{"class":70},[48,103555,311],{"class":66},[48,103557,103],{"class":62},[48,103559,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103561,537],{"class":62},[48,103563,311],{"class":66},[48,103565,1137],{"class":70},[48,103567,311],{"class":66},[48,103569,87],{"class":62},[48,103571,320],{"class":66},[48,103573,18179],{"class":70},[48,103575,311],{"class":66},[48,103577,103],{"class":62},[20,103579,189,103580,103582],{},[15,103581,103408],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[34,103584,196,103586,199],{"id":103585},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103587,103413],{},[20,103589,103590,76],{},[15,103591,103408],{},[209,103593,103594,103597,103600,103602],{},[212,103595,103596],{},"Removes one item from a set",[212,103598,103599],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[212,103601,96869],{},[212,103603,12175,103604],{},[15,103605,4560],{},[20,103607,103608],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103610,96878,103611,352,103614,134],{},[348,103612,103613],{"href":99345},"what a set is in Python",[348,103615,103616],{"href":98437},"how to create a set",[34,103618,360],{"id":359},[39,103620,103622],{"className":41,"code":103621,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103623,103624],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103627,16395],{"class":54},[48,103629,134],{"class":62},[48,103631,103475],{"class":137},[48,103633,151],{"class":62},[48,103635,933],{"class":137},[48,103637,162],{"class":62},[209,103639,103640,103645,103650,103653],{},[212,103641,103642,103644],{},[15,103643,16395],{}," is the set you want to change",[212,103646,103647,103649],{},[15,103648,933],{}," is the item you want to remove",[212,103651,103652],{},"The set must already exist",[212,103654,103655],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1752,103657,103659],{"id":103658},"example","Example",[39,103661,103663],{"className":41,"code":103662,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103664,103665,103689,103703],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103666,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103668,2232],{"class":54},[48,103670,59],{"class":58},[48,103672,63],{"class":62},[48,103674,3770],{"class":99},[48,103676,87],{"class":62},[48,103678,632],{"class":99},[48,103680,87],{"class":62},[48,103682,800],{"class":99},[48,103684,87],{"class":62},[48,103686,3241],{"class":99},[48,103688,103],{"class":62},[48,103690,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103692,2411],{"class":54},[48,103694,134],{"class":62},[48,103696,103475],{"class":137},[48,103698,151],{"class":62},[48,103700,2848],{"class":99},[48,103702,162],{"class":62},[48,103704,103705,103707,103709,103711],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,103706,276],{"class":147},[48,103708,151],{"class":62},[48,103710,2411],{"class":137},[48,103712,162],{"class":62},[20,103714,168],{},[39,103716,103718],{"className":41,"code":103717,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103719,103720],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103721,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103723,537],{"class":62},[48,103725,3770],{"class":99},[48,103727,87],{"class":62},[48,103729,632],{"class":99},[48,103731,87],{"class":62},[48,103733,3241],{"class":99},[48,103735,103],{"class":62},[34,103737,103739,103740,103742],{"id":103738},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103741,103408],{}," different",[20,103744,103745,103747],{},[15,103746,103408],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[209,103749,103750,103763,103772],{},[212,103751,103752,103753,2973,103757,103759,103760,103762],{},"Unlike ",[348,103754,103755],{"href":98763},[15,103756,56077],{},[15,103758,103408],{}," does not raise ",[15,103761,20408],{}," when the item is missing",[212,103764,103752,103765,2973,103769,103771],{},[348,103766,103767],{"href":98768},[15,103768,13506],{},[15,103770,103408],{}," removes a specific item",[212,103773,103774],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1752,103776,103778,1306,103780],{"id":103777},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103779,103408],{},[15,103781,56077],{},[39,103783,103785],{"className":41,"code":103784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103786,103787,103811,103815,103836,103846,103850,103871],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103788,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103790,8549],{"class":54},[48,103792,59],{"class":58},[48,103794,63],{"class":62},[48,103796,67],{"class":66},[48,103798,1128],{"class":70},[48,103800,67],{"class":66},[48,103802,87],{"class":62},[48,103804,79],{"class":66},[48,103806,1146],{"class":70},[48,103808,67],{"class":66},[48,103810,103],{"class":62},[48,103812,103813],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103814,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,103816,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,103818,138],{"class":54},[48,103820,134],{"class":62},[48,103822,103475],{"class":137},[48,103824,151],{"class":62},[48,103826,67],{"class":66},[48,103828,33756],{"class":70},[48,103830,67],{"class":66},[48,103832,4442],{"class":62},[48,103834,103835],{"class":4445},"   # no error\n",[48,103837,103838,103840,103842,103844],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,103839,276],{"class":147},[48,103841,151],{"class":62},[48,103843,138],{"class":137},[48,103845,162],{"class":62},[48,103847,103848],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,103849,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,103851,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,103853,138],{"class":54},[48,103855,134],{"class":62},[48,103857,35331],{"class":137},[48,103859,151],{"class":62},[48,103861,67],{"class":66},[48,103863,1146],{"class":70},[48,103865,67],{"class":66},[48,103867,4442],{"class":62},[48,103869,103870],{"class":4445},"    # removes existing item\n",[48,103872,103873,103875,103877,103879],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,103874,276],{"class":147},[48,103876,151],{"class":62},[48,103878,138],{"class":137},[48,103880,162],{"class":62},[20,103882,168],{},[39,103884,103886],{"className":41,"code":103885,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103887,103888,103908],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103889,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103891,537],{"class":62},[48,103893,311],{"class":66},[48,103895,1128],{"class":70},[48,103897,311],{"class":66},[48,103899,87],{"class":62},[48,103901,320],{"class":66},[48,103903,1146],{"class":70},[48,103905,311],{"class":66},[48,103907,103],{"class":62},[48,103909,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103911,537],{"class":62},[48,103913,311],{"class":66},[48,103915,1128],{"class":70},[48,103917,311],{"class":66},[48,103919,103],{"class":62},[20,103921,40885,103922,103924,103925,103927],{},[15,103923,56077],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[348,103926,11827],{"href":11826}," for more help with that case.",[34,103929,103931],{"id":103930},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103933,103934,3181,103936,134],{},[15,103935,103408],{},[15,103937,4560],{},[20,103939,103940],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[39,103942,103944],{"className":41,"code":103943,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103945,103946,103978,104000,104004],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103947,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103949,1119],{"class":54},[48,103951,59],{"class":58},[48,103953,63],{"class":62},[48,103955,67],{"class":66},[48,103957,1137],{"class":70},[48,103959,67],{"class":66},[48,103961,87],{"class":62},[48,103963,79],{"class":66},[48,103965,13848],{"class":70},[48,103967,67],{"class":66},[48,103969,87],{"class":62},[48,103971,79],{"class":66},[48,103973,18179],{"class":70},[48,103975,67],{"class":66},[48,103977,103],{"class":62},[48,103979,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,103981,449],{"class":54},[48,103983,59],{"class":58},[48,103985,13862],{"class":54},[48,103987,134],{"class":62},[48,103989,103475],{"class":137},[48,103991,151],{"class":62},[48,103993,67],{"class":66},[48,103995,13848],{"class":70},[48,103997,67],{"class":66},[48,103999,162],{"class":62},[48,104001,104002],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104003,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104005,104006,104008,104010,104012],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,104007,276],{"class":147},[48,104009,151],{"class":62},[48,104011,474],{"class":137},[48,104013,162],{"class":62},[20,104015,168],{},[39,104017,104018],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,104019,104020],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104021,104022],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104023,12553],{"class":1642},[20,104025,104026,104027,76],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,104028,1196],{},[39,104030,104032],{"className":41,"code":104031,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,104033,104034,104066,104084,104088],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104035,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104037,1119],{"class":54},[48,104039,59],{"class":58},[48,104041,63],{"class":62},[48,104043,67],{"class":66},[48,104045,1137],{"class":70},[48,104047,67],{"class":66},[48,104049,87],{"class":62},[48,104051,79],{"class":66},[48,104053,13848],{"class":70},[48,104055,67],{"class":66},[48,104057,87],{"class":62},[48,104059,79],{"class":66},[48,104061,18179],{"class":70},[48,104063,67],{"class":66},[48,104065,103],{"class":62},[48,104067,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104069,1196],{"class":54},[48,104071,134],{"class":62},[48,104073,103475],{"class":137},[48,104075,151],{"class":62},[48,104077,67],{"class":66},[48,104079,13848],{"class":70},[48,104081,67],{"class":66},[48,104083,162],{"class":62},[48,104085,104086],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104087,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104089,104090,104092,104094,104096],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,104091,276],{"class":147},[48,104093,151],{"class":62},[48,104095,1196],{"class":137},[48,104097,162],{"class":62},[20,104099,168],{},[39,104101,104103],{"className":41,"code":104102,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,104104,104105],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104106,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104108,537],{"class":62},[48,104110,311],{"class":66},[48,104112,1137],{"class":70},[48,104114,311],{"class":66},[48,104116,87],{"class":62},[48,104118,320],{"class":66},[48,104120,18179],{"class":70},[48,104122,311],{"class":66},[48,104124,103],{"class":62},[34,104126,12225],{"id":12224},[20,104128,104129],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[39,104131,104133],{"className":41,"code":104132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,104134,104135,104167,104171,104189,104193,104211,104215],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104136,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104138,36778],{"class":54},[48,104140,59],{"class":58},[48,104142,63],{"class":62},[48,104144,67],{"class":66},[48,104146,1128],{"class":70},[48,104148,67],{"class":66},[48,104150,87],{"class":62},[48,104152,79],{"class":66},[48,104154,1146],{"class":70},[48,104156,67],{"class":66},[48,104158,87],{"class":62},[48,104160,79],{"class":66},[48,104162,33756],{"class":70},[48,104164,67],{"class":66},[48,104166,103],{"class":62},[48,104168,104169],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104170,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104172,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104174,276],{"class":147},[48,104176,151],{"class":62},[48,104178,67],{"class":66},[48,104180,12311],{"class":70},[48,104182,67],{"class":66},[48,104184,87],{"class":62},[48,104186,53399],{"class":137},[48,104188,162],{"class":62},[48,104190,104191],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,104192,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104194,104195,104197,104199,104201,104203,104205,104207,104209],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,104196,36830],{"class":54},[48,104198,134],{"class":62},[48,104200,103475],{"class":137},[48,104202,151],{"class":62},[48,104204,67],{"class":66},[48,104206,1146],{"class":70},[48,104208,67],{"class":66},[48,104210,162],{"class":62},[48,104212,104213],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,104214,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104216,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225,104227,104229,104231],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,104218,276],{"class":147},[48,104220,151],{"class":62},[48,104222,67],{"class":66},[48,104224,12351],{"class":70},[48,104226,67],{"class":66},[48,104228,87],{"class":62},[48,104230,53399],{"class":137},[48,104232,162],{"class":62},[20,104234,168],{},[39,104236,104238],{"className":41,"code":104237,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104239,104240,104272],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104241,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264,104266,104268,104270],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104243,12371],{"class":54},[48,104245,76],{"class":62},[48,104247,63],{"class":62},[48,104249,311],{"class":66},[48,104251,1146],{"class":70},[48,104253,311],{"class":66},[48,104255,87],{"class":62},[48,104257,320],{"class":66},[48,104259,1128],{"class":70},[48,104261,311],{"class":66},[48,104263,87],{"class":62},[48,104265,320],{"class":66},[48,104267,33756],{"class":70},[48,104269,311],{"class":66},[48,104271,103],{"class":62},[48,104273,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104275,12424],{"class":54},[48,104277,76],{"class":62},[48,104279,63],{"class":62},[48,104281,311],{"class":66},[48,104283,1128],{"class":70},[48,104285,311],{"class":66},[48,104287,87],{"class":62},[48,104289,320],{"class":66},[48,104291,33756],{"class":70},[48,104293,311],{"class":66},[48,104295,103],{"class":62},[20,104297,104298],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[34,104300,104302],{"id":104301},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104304,104305,104306,104308],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104307,103408],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[39,104310,104312],{"className":41,"code":104311,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104313,104314,104346,104350,104368,104372],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104315,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338,104340,104342,104344],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104317,36778],{"class":54},[48,104319,59],{"class":58},[48,104321,63],{"class":62},[48,104323,67],{"class":66},[48,104325,1128],{"class":70},[48,104327,67],{"class":66},[48,104329,87],{"class":62},[48,104331,79],{"class":66},[48,104333,1146],{"class":70},[48,104335,67],{"class":66},[48,104337,87],{"class":62},[48,104339,79],{"class":66},[48,104341,33756],{"class":70},[48,104343,67],{"class":66},[48,104345,103],{"class":62},[48,104347,104348],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104349,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104351,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104353,36830],{"class":54},[48,104355,134],{"class":62},[48,104357,103475],{"class":137},[48,104359,151],{"class":62},[48,104361,67],{"class":66},[48,104363,1164],{"class":70},[48,104365,67],{"class":66},[48,104367,162],{"class":62},[48,104369,104370],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,104371,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104373,104374,104376,104378,104380],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,104375,276],{"class":147},[48,104377,151],{"class":62},[48,104379,36830],{"class":137},[48,104381,162],{"class":62},[20,104383,168],{},[39,104385,104387],{"className":41,"code":104386,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104388,104389],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104390,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411,104413,104415],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104392,537],{"class":62},[48,104394,311],{"class":66},[48,104396,1146],{"class":70},[48,104398,311],{"class":66},[48,104400,87],{"class":62},[48,104402,320],{"class":66},[48,104404,1128],{"class":70},[48,104406,311],{"class":66},[48,104408,87],{"class":62},[48,104410,320],{"class":66},[48,104412,33756],{"class":70},[48,104414,311],{"class":66},[48,104416,103],{"class":62},[20,104418,104419],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104421,104422],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[39,104424,104426],{"className":41,"code":104425,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104427,104428,104444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104429,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104431,7767],{"class":116},[48,104433,79],{"class":66},[48,104435,1164],{"class":70},[48,104437,67],{"class":66},[48,104439,21891],{"class":58},[48,104441,53399],{"class":54},[48,104443,1053],{"class":62},[48,104445,104446,104449,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104447,104448],{"class":54},"    fruits",[48,104450,134],{"class":62},[48,104452,35331],{"class":137},[48,104454,151],{"class":62},[48,104456,67],{"class":66},[48,104458,1164],{"class":70},[48,104460,67],{"class":66},[48,104462,162],{"class":62},[20,104464,104465,104466,104468],{},"With ",[15,104467,103408],{},", you can simply write:",[39,104470,104472],{"className":41,"code":104471,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104473,104474],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104475,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484,104486,104488,104490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104477,36830],{"class":54},[48,104479,134],{"class":62},[48,104481,103475],{"class":137},[48,104483,151],{"class":62},[48,104485,67],{"class":66},[48,104487,1164],{"class":70},[48,104489,67],{"class":66},[48,104491,162],{"class":62},[34,104493,1545,104495],{"id":104494},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104496,103408],{},[20,104498,189,104499,11355],{},[15,104500,103408],{},[209,104502,104503,104506,104509],{},[212,104504,104505],{},"Missing values are normal",[212,104507,104508],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[212,104510,104511],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104513,104514],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[34,104516,1745],{"id":1744},[20,104518,9214,104519,134],{},[15,104520,103408],{},[1752,104522,2015,104524,104526],{"id":104523},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104525,103408],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104528,5307],{},[39,104530,104532],{"className":41,"code":104531,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104533,104534,104554,104572,104576],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104535,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550,104552],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104537,2232],{"class":54},[48,104539,59],{"class":58},[48,104541,63],{"class":62},[48,104543,3770],{"class":99},[48,104545,87],{"class":62},[48,104547,632],{"class":99},[48,104549,87],{"class":62},[48,104551,800],{"class":99},[48,104553,103],{"class":62},[48,104555,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104557,2232],{"class":54},[48,104559,59],{"class":58},[48,104561,2292],{"class":54},[48,104563,134],{"class":62},[48,104565,103475],{"class":137},[48,104567,151],{"class":62},[48,104569,2842],{"class":99},[48,104571,162],{"class":62},[48,104573,104574],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104575,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104577,104578,104580,104582,104584],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,104579,276],{"class":147},[48,104581,151],{"class":62},[48,104583,2411],{"class":137},[48,104585,162],{"class":62},[20,104587,104588,42698,104590,9368,104592,3181,104594,134],{},[15,104589,2411],{},[15,104591,4560],{},[15,104593,103408],{},[15,104595,4560],{},[20,104597,19561],{},[39,104599,104601],{"className":41,"code":104600,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104602,104603,104623,104637,104641],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104604,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104606,2232],{"class":54},[48,104608,59],{"class":58},[48,104610,63],{"class":62},[48,104612,3770],{"class":99},[48,104614,87],{"class":62},[48,104616,632],{"class":99},[48,104618,87],{"class":62},[48,104620,800],{"class":99},[48,104622,103],{"class":62},[48,104624,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104626,2411],{"class":54},[48,104628,134],{"class":62},[48,104630,103475],{"class":137},[48,104632,151],{"class":62},[48,104634,2842],{"class":99},[48,104636,162],{"class":62},[48,104638,104639],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104640,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,104642,104643,104645,104647,104649],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,104644,276],{"class":147},[48,104646,151],{"class":62},[48,104648,2411],{"class":137},[48,104650,162],{"class":62},[1752,104652,37744,104654,9471,104656],{"id":104653},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104655,103408],{},[15,104657,56077],{},[20,104659,104660,104661,134],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104662,103408],{},[39,104664,104666],{"className":41,"code":104665,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104667,104668,104700,104721],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104669,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686,104688,104690,104692,104694,104696,104698],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104671,36629],{"class":54},[48,104673,59],{"class":58},[48,104675,63],{"class":62},[48,104677,67],{"class":66},[48,104679,348],{"class":70},[48,104681,67],{"class":66},[48,104683,87],{"class":62},[48,104685,79],{"class":66},[48,104687,2059],{"class":70},[48,104689,67],{"class":66},[48,104691,87],{"class":62},[48,104693,79],{"class":66},[48,104695,2265],{"class":70},[48,104697,67],{"class":66},[48,104699,103],{"class":62},[48,104701,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104703,36682],{"class":54},[48,104705,134],{"class":62},[48,104707,103475],{"class":137},[48,104709,151],{"class":62},[48,104711,67],{"class":66},[48,104713,687],{"class":70},[48,104715,67],{"class":66},[48,104717,4442],{"class":62},[48,104719,104720],{"class":4445},"   # safe\n",[48,104722,104723,104725,104727,104729],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104724,276],{"class":147},[48,104726,151],{"class":62},[48,104728,36682],{"class":137},[48,104730,162],{"class":62},[20,104732,104733,104734,46453,104737,134],{},"If you use ",[15,104735,104736],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104738,20408],{},[1752,104740,26148,104742,104744],{"id":104741},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104743,103408],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104746,104747,102761],{},[15,104748,103408],{},[20,104750,17372],{},[39,104752,104754],{"className":41,"code":104753,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104755,104756,104776],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104757,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104759,8549],{"class":54},[48,104761,59],{"class":58},[48,104763,4404],{"class":62},[48,104765,3770],{"class":99},[48,104767,87],{"class":62},[48,104769,632],{"class":99},[48,104771,87],{"class":62},[48,104773,800],{"class":99},[48,104775,1465],{"class":62},[48,104777,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104779,138],{"class":54},[48,104781,134],{"class":62},[48,104783,103475],{"class":137},[48,104785,151],{"class":62},[48,104787,2842],{"class":99},[48,104789,162],{"class":62},[20,104791,104792,104793,76],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104794,103408],{},[39,104796,104798],{"className":41,"code":104797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104799,104800,104820,104834],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104801,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104803,8549],{"class":54},[48,104805,59],{"class":58},[48,104807,63],{"class":62},[48,104809,3770],{"class":99},[48,104811,87],{"class":62},[48,104813,632],{"class":99},[48,104815,87],{"class":62},[48,104817,800],{"class":99},[48,104819,103],{"class":62},[48,104821,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104823,138],{"class":54},[48,104825,134],{"class":62},[48,104827,103475],{"class":137},[48,104829,151],{"class":62},[48,104831,2842],{"class":99},[48,104833,162],{"class":62},[48,104835,104836,104838,104840,104842],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104837,276],{"class":147},[48,104839,151],{"class":62},[48,104841,138],{"class":137},[48,104843,162],{"class":62},[1752,104845,104847],{"id":104846},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104849,104850],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104852,3618],{},[39,104854,104856],{"className":41,"code":104855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104857,104858,104878],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104859,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104861,602],{"class":54},[48,104863,59],{"class":58},[48,104865,63],{"class":62},[48,104867,3770],{"class":99},[48,104869,87],{"class":62},[48,104871,632],{"class":99},[48,104873,87],{"class":62},[48,104875,800],{"class":99},[48,104877,103],{"class":62},[48,104879,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104881,679],{"class":54},[48,104883,134],{"class":62},[48,104885,103475],{"class":137},[48,104887,3767],{"class":62},[48,104889,2842],{"class":99},[48,104891,4670],{"class":62},[20,104893,104894],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[34,104896,9639],{"id":9638},[20,104898,9642,104899,104901],{},[15,104900,103408],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[39,104903,104905],{"className":41,"code":104904,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104906,104907,104917,104931,104945],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104908,104909,104911,104913,104915],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104910,276],{"class":147},[48,104912,151],{"class":62},[48,104914,16395],{"class":137},[48,104916,162],{"class":62},[48,104918,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,104920,276],{"class":147},[48,104922,151],{"class":62},[48,104924,2094],{"class":281},[48,104926,151],{"class":62},[48,104928,16395],{"class":137},[48,104930,670],{"class":62},[48,104932,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,104934,276],{"class":147},[48,104936,151],{"class":62},[48,104938,3231],{"class":137},[48,104940,128],{"class":116},[48,104942,97478],{"class":137},[48,104944,162],{"class":62},[48,104946,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,104948,32687],{"class":147},[48,104950,151],{"class":62},[48,104952,7062],{"class":281},[48,104954,134],{"class":62},[48,104956,103475],{"class":25281},[48,104958,162],{"class":62},[20,104960,11923],{},[209,104962,104963,104966,104969,104972],{},[212,104964,104965],{},"What is currently in the set",[212,104967,104968],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[212,104970,104971],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[212,104973,104974],{},"How Python documents the method",[34,104976,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,104978,104980],{"id":104979},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104982,104983,104984,104986],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104985,103408],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1752,104988,5920,104990,13459],{"id":104989},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104991,103413],{},[20,104993,5925,104994,104996],{},[15,104995,4560],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1752,104998,5957,105000,5174,105002,2623],{"id":104999},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,105001,103408],{},[15,105003,56077],{},[20,105005,105006,105007,27070,105009,105011,105012,105014],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,105008,56077],{},[15,105010,20408],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,105013,103408],{}," does not.",[1752,105016,28861,105018,105020],{"id":105017},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,105019,103408],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,105022,46910,105023,105025],{},[15,105024,103408],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[34,105027,2679],{"id":2678},[209,105029,105030,105036,105042,105047,105051],{},[212,105031,105032],{},[348,105033,97368,105034,2689],{"href":98763},[15,105035,56077],{},[212,105037,105038],{},[348,105039,97368,105040,2689],{"href":98768},[15,105041,13506],{},[212,105043,105044],{},[348,105045,105046],{"href":98437},"Python set: creating a set",[212,105048,105049],{},[348,105050,100903],{"href":99345},[212,105052,105053],{},[348,105054,12015],{"href":11826},[2711,105056,105057],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":105059},[105060,105061,105063,105066,105071,105072,105073,105074,105076,105085,105086,105095],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":103585,"depth":106,"text":105062},"What set.discard() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":105064},[105065],{"id":103658,"depth":113,"text":103659},{"id":103738,"depth":106,"text":105067,"children":105068},"What makes discard() different",[105069],{"id":103777,"depth":113,"text":105070},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103930,"depth":106,"text":103931},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":104301,"depth":106,"text":104302},{"id":104494,"depth":106,"text":105075},"When to use discard()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":105077},[105078,105080,105082,105084],{"id":104523,"depth":113,"text":105079},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104653,"depth":113,"text":105081},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104741,"depth":113,"text":105083},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104846,"depth":113,"text":104847},{"id":9638,"depth":106,"text":9639},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":105087},[105088,105089,105091,105093],{"id":104979,"depth":113,"text":104980},{"id":104989,"depth":113,"text":105090},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104999,"depth":113,"text":105092},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":105017,"depth":113,"text":105094},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103400,"description":105096},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":105103,"title":105104,"body":105105,"description":107111,"extension":2749,"meta":107112,"navigation":109,"path":107113,"seo":107114,"stem":107115,"__hash__":107116},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":105106,"toc":107069},[105107,105110,105118,105123,105134,105136,105191,105195,105215,105220,105224,105229,105231,105245,105247,105322,105324,105357,105362,105367,105369,105371,105386,105389,105397,105402,105417,105419,105508,105510,105599,105605,105609,105611,105649,105651,105675,105678,105693,105695,105750,105752,105785,105787,105792,105796,105800,105805,105870,105872,105892,105898,105902,105959,105961,105982,105986,105991,106036,106038,106071,106074,106078,106111,106113,106142,106146,106150,106153,106155,106174,106176,106222,106227,106241,106243,106274,106279,106282,106326,106328,106356,106360,106364,106380,106383,106448,106450,106462,106465,106469,106472,106477,106505,106507,106525,106531,106570,106572,106590,106596,106625,106627,106645,106648,106665,106667,106672,106676,106679,106705,106712,106717,106732,106741,106745,106748,106779,106785,106788,106797,106800,106802,106804,106862,106865,106890,106892,106896,106899,106903,106911,106915,106918,106922,106925,106927,106950,106952,106993,107000,107008,107011,107042,107044,107066],[10,105108,105104],{"id":105109},"python-set-function-explained",[20,105111,9890,105112,105114,105115,134],{},[15,105113,4579],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[166,105116,105117],{},"unique values only",[20,105119,35943,105120,105122],{},[15,105121,4579],{}," to:",[209,105124,105125,105128,105131],{},[212,105126,105127],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[212,105129,105130],{},"check whether a value exists",[212,105132,105133],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[34,105135,37],{"id":36},[39,105137,105139],{"className":41,"code":105138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,105140,105141,105165,105180],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105142,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105144,2232],{"class":54},[48,105146,59],{"class":58},[48,105148,4404],{"class":62},[48,105150,3770],{"class":99},[48,105152,87],{"class":62},[48,105154,632],{"class":99},[48,105156,87],{"class":62},[48,105158,632],{"class":99},[48,105160,87],{"class":62},[48,105162,800],{"class":99},[48,105164,1465],{"class":62},[48,105166,105167,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105168,105169],{"class":54},"unique_numbers ",[48,105171,59],{"class":58},[48,105173,16362],{"class":281},[48,105175,151],{"class":62},[48,105177,2411],{"class":137},[48,105179,162],{"class":62},[48,105181,105182,105184,105186,105189],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,105183,276],{"class":147},[48,105185,151],{"class":62},[48,105187,105188],{"class":137},"unique_numbers",[48,105190,162],{"class":62},[20,105192,105193],{},[166,105194,168],{},[39,105196,105197],{"className":41,"code":97161,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105198,105199],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105200,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105202,537],{"class":62},[48,105204,3770],{"class":99},[48,105206,87],{"class":62},[48,105208,632],{"class":99},[48,105210,87],{"class":62},[48,105212,800],{"class":99},[48,105214,103],{"class":62},[20,105216,189,105217,105219],{},[15,105218,4579],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[34,105221,105223],{"id":105222},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,105225,105226,105228],{},[15,105227,4579],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,105230,31074],{},[209,105232,105233,105236,105239,105242],{},[212,105234,105235],{},"A set stores unique items only",[212,105237,105238],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[212,105240,105241],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[212,105243,105244],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,105246,226],{},[39,105248,105250],{"className":41,"code":105249,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,105251,105252,105292,105307,105311],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105253,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105255,1119],{"class":54},[48,105257,59],{"class":58},[48,105259,4404],{"class":62},[48,105261,67],{"class":66},[48,105263,1137],{"class":70},[48,105265,67],{"class":66},[48,105267,87],{"class":62},[48,105269,79],{"class":66},[48,105271,13848],{"class":70},[48,105273,67],{"class":66},[48,105275,87],{"class":62},[48,105277,79],{"class":66},[48,105279,1137],{"class":70},[48,105281,67],{"class":66},[48,105283,87],{"class":62},[48,105285,79],{"class":66},[48,105287,18179],{"class":70},[48,105289,67],{"class":66},[48,105291,1465],{"class":62},[48,105293,105294,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105295,105296],{"class":54},"unique_colors ",[48,105298,59],{"class":58},[48,105300,16362],{"class":281},[48,105302,151],{"class":62},[48,105304,1196],{"class":137},[48,105306,162],{"class":62},[48,105308,105309],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,105310,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,105312,105313,105315,105317,105320],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,105314,276],{"class":147},[48,105316,151],{"class":62},[48,105318,105319],{"class":137},"unique_colors",[48,105321,162],{"class":62},[20,105323,30563],{},[39,105325,105327],{"className":41,"code":105326,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105328,105329],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105330,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105332,537],{"class":62},[48,105334,311],{"class":66},[48,105336,13848],{"class":70},[48,105338,311],{"class":66},[48,105340,87],{"class":62},[48,105342,320],{"class":66},[48,105344,18179],{"class":70},[48,105346,311],{"class":66},[48,105348,87],{"class":62},[48,105350,320],{"class":66},[48,105352,1137],{"class":70},[48,105354,311],{"class":66},[48,105356,103],{"class":62},[20,105358,3069,105359,105361],{},[15,105360,65943],{}," appears only once.",[20,105363,105364,105365,134],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[348,105366,96882],{"href":96881},[34,105368,360],{"id":359},[20,105370,2944],{},[39,105372,105374],{"className":41,"code":105373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105375,105376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105377,105378,105380,105382,105384],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105379,7062],{"class":281},[48,105381,151],{"class":62},[48,105383,4502],{"class":137},[48,105385,162],{"class":62},[20,105387,105388],{},"The argument is optional.",[209,105390,105391,105394],{},[212,105392,105393],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[212,105395,105396],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105398,105399,105400,76],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105401,4579],{},[209,105403,105404,105406,105408,105410,105414],{},[212,105405,282],{},[212,105407,49499],{},[212,105409,61724],{},[212,105411,105412],{},[15,105413,36737],{},[212,105415,105416],{},"another set",[20,105418,2910],{},[39,105420,105422],{"className":41,"code":105421,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105423,105424,105450,105472,105490],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105425,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438,105440,105442,105444,105446,105448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105427,276],{"class":147},[48,105429,151],{"class":62},[48,105431,7062],{"class":281},[48,105433,3767],{"class":62},[48,105435,3770],{"class":99},[48,105437,87],{"class":62},[48,105439,632],{"class":99},[48,105441,87],{"class":62},[48,105443,632],{"class":99},[48,105445,87],{"class":62},[48,105447,800],{"class":99},[48,105449,3781],{"class":62},[48,105451,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468,105470],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105453,276],{"class":147},[48,105455,151],{"class":62},[48,105457,7062],{"class":281},[48,105459,6287],{"class":62},[48,105461,3114],{"class":99},[48,105463,87],{"class":62},[48,105465,2506],{"class":99},[48,105467,87],{"class":62},[48,105469,2493],{"class":99},[48,105471,3693],{"class":62},[48,105473,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,105475,276],{"class":147},[48,105477,151],{"class":62},[48,105479,7062],{"class":281},[48,105481,151],{"class":62},[48,105483,67],{"class":66},[48,105485,4628],{"class":70},[48,105487,67],{"class":66},[48,105489,670],{"class":62},[48,105491,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,105493,276],{"class":147},[48,105495,151],{"class":62},[48,105497,7062],{"class":281},[48,105499,151],{"class":62},[48,105501,60548],{"class":147},[48,105503,151],{"class":62},[48,105505,3288],{"class":99},[48,105507,3693],{"class":62},[20,105509,30563],{},[39,105511,105513],{"className":41,"code":105512,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105514,105515,105531,105543,105579],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105516,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105518,537],{"class":62},[48,105520,3770],{"class":99},[48,105522,87],{"class":62},[48,105524,632],{"class":99},[48,105526,87],{"class":62},[48,105528,800],{"class":99},[48,105530,103],{"class":62},[48,105532,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105534,537],{"class":62},[48,105536,3114],{"class":99},[48,105538,87],{"class":62},[48,105540,2506],{"class":99},[48,105542,103],{"class":62},[48,105544,105545,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,105546,537],{"class":62},[48,105548,311],{"class":66},[48,105550,60988],{"class":70},[48,105552,311],{"class":66},[48,105554,87],{"class":62},[48,105556,320],{"class":66},[48,105558,60997],{"class":70},[48,105560,311],{"class":66},[48,105562,87],{"class":62},[48,105564,320],{"class":66},[48,105566,61006],{"class":70},[48,105568,311],{"class":66},[48,105570,87],{"class":62},[48,105572,320],{"class":66},[48,105574,61023],{"class":70},[48,105576,311],{"class":66},[48,105578,103],{"class":62},[48,105580,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,105582,537],{"class":62},[48,105584,2904],{"class":99},[48,105586,87],{"class":62},[48,105588,618],{"class":99},[48,105590,87],{"class":62},[48,105592,632],{"class":99},[48,105594,87],{"class":62},[48,105596,800],{"class":99},[48,105598,103],{"class":62},[20,105600,105601,105602,134],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[348,105603,105604],{"href":65398},"Python list() function explained",[34,105606,105608],{"id":105607},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105610,98834],{},[39,105612,105613],{"className":41,"code":99799,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105614,105615,105625,105635],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105616,105617,105619,105621,105623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105618,98844],{"class":54},[48,105620,59],{"class":58},[48,105622,16362],{"class":281},[48,105624,380],{"class":62},[48,105626,105627,105629,105631,105633],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105628,276],{"class":147},[48,105630,151],{"class":62},[48,105632,98863],{"class":137},[48,105634,162],{"class":62},[48,105636,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,105638,276],{"class":147},[48,105640,151],{"class":62},[48,105642,2094],{"class":281},[48,105644,151],{"class":62},[48,105646,98863],{"class":137},[48,105648,670],{"class":62},[20,105650,168],{},[39,105652,105653],{"className":41,"code":99842,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105654,105655,105661],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105656,105657,105659],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105658,7062],{"class":281},[48,105660,380],{"class":62},[48,105662,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105664,2168],{"class":58},[48,105666,2171],{"class":915},[48,105668,320],{"class":66},[48,105670,7062],{"class":70},[48,105672,311],{"class":66},[48,105674,2180],{"class":58},[20,105676,105677],{},"This is important because:",[209,105679,105680,105685],{},[212,105681,105682,105684],{},[15,105683,4579],{}," creates an empty set",[212,105686,105687,105689,105690,105692],{},[15,105688,4574],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[166,105691,5413],{}," a set",[20,105694,226],{},[39,105696,105698],{"className":41,"code":105697,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105699,105700,105710,105718,105722,105736],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105701,105702,105704,105706,105708],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105703,3338],{"class":54},[48,105705,59],{"class":58},[48,105707,16362],{"class":281},[48,105709,380],{"class":62},[48,105711,105712,105714,105716],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105713,3365],{"class":54},[48,105715,59],{"class":58},[48,105717,10593],{"class":62},[48,105719,105720],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,105721,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,105723,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,105725,276],{"class":147},[48,105727,151],{"class":62},[48,105729,2094],{"class":281},[48,105731,151],{"class":62},[48,105733,348],{"class":137},[48,105735,670],{"class":62},[48,105737,105738,105740,105742,105744,105746,105748],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,105739,276],{"class":147},[48,105741,151],{"class":62},[48,105743,2094],{"class":281},[48,105745,151],{"class":62},[48,105747,2059],{"class":137},[48,105749,670],{"class":62},[20,105751,168],{},[39,105753,105755],{"className":41,"code":105754,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105756,105757,105771],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105758,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105760,2168],{"class":58},[48,105762,2171],{"class":915},[48,105764,320],{"class":66},[48,105766,7062],{"class":70},[48,105768,311],{"class":66},[48,105770,2180],{"class":58},[48,105772,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105774,2168],{"class":58},[48,105776,2171],{"class":915},[48,105778,320],{"class":66},[48,105780,9588],{"class":70},[48,105782,311],{"class":66},[48,105784,2180],{"class":58},[20,105786,14779],{},[20,105788,105789,105790,134],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[348,105791,105046],{"href":96885},[34,105793,105795],{"id":105794},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1752,105797,105799],{"id":105798},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105801,105802,105803,134],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105804,4579],{},[39,105806,105808],{"className":41,"code":105807,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105809,105810,105842,105856,105860],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105811,105812,105814,105816,105818,105820,105822,105824,105826,105828,105830,105832,105834,105836,105838,105840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105813,2232],{"class":54},[48,105815,59],{"class":58},[48,105817,4404],{"class":62},[48,105819,3770],{"class":99},[48,105821,87],{"class":62},[48,105823,632],{"class":99},[48,105825,87],{"class":62},[48,105827,632],{"class":99},[48,105829,87],{"class":62},[48,105831,800],{"class":99},[48,105833,87],{"class":62},[48,105835,800],{"class":99},[48,105837,87],{"class":62},[48,105839,800],{"class":99},[48,105841,1465],{"class":62},[48,105843,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105845,449],{"class":54},[48,105847,59],{"class":58},[48,105849,16362],{"class":281},[48,105851,151],{"class":62},[48,105853,2411],{"class":137},[48,105855,162],{"class":62},[48,105857,105858],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,105859,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,105861,105862,105864,105866,105868],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,105863,276],{"class":147},[48,105865,151],{"class":62},[48,105867,474],{"class":137},[48,105869,162],{"class":62},[20,105871,168],{},[39,105873,105874],{"className":41,"code":97161,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105875,105876],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105877,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105879,537],{"class":62},[48,105881,3770],{"class":99},[48,105883,87],{"class":62},[48,105885,632],{"class":99},[48,105887,87],{"class":62},[48,105889,800],{"class":99},[48,105891,103],{"class":62},[20,105893,105894,105895,134],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[348,105896,99632],{"href":105897},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1752,105899,105901],{"id":105900},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[39,105903,105905],{"className":41,"code":105904,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105906,105907,105931,105945,105949],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105908,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105910,4605],{"class":54},[48,105912,59],{"class":58},[48,105914,330],{"class":62},[48,105916,2921],{"class":99},[48,105918,87],{"class":62},[48,105920,5387],{"class":99},[48,105922,87],{"class":62},[48,105924,2493],{"class":99},[48,105926,87],{"class":62},[48,105928,38477],{"class":99},[48,105930,162],{"class":62},[48,105932,105933,105935,105937,105939,105941,105943],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,105934,449],{"class":54},[48,105936,59],{"class":58},[48,105938,16362],{"class":281},[48,105940,151],{"class":62},[48,105942,1415],{"class":137},[48,105944,162],{"class":62},[48,105946,105947],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,105948,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,105950,105951,105953,105955,105957],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,105952,276],{"class":147},[48,105954,151],{"class":62},[48,105956,474],{"class":137},[48,105958,162],{"class":62},[20,105960,168],{},[39,105962,105964],{"className":41,"code":105963,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105965,105966],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105967,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105969,537],{"class":62},[48,105971,2921],{"class":99},[48,105973,87],{"class":62},[48,105975,2493],{"class":99},[48,105977,87],{"class":62},[48,105979,38477],{"class":99},[48,105981,103],{"class":62},[1752,105983,105985],{"id":105984},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105987,51674,105988,105990],{},[15,105989,4579],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[39,105992,105994],{"className":41,"code":105993,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105995,105996,106008,106022,106026],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105997,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105999,35224],{"class":54},[48,106001,59],{"class":58},[48,106003,79],{"class":66},[48,106005,1146],{"class":70},[48,106007,4138],{"class":66},[48,106009,106010,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106011,449],{"class":54},[48,106013,59],{"class":58},[48,106015,16362],{"class":281},[48,106017,151],{"class":62},[48,106019,35245],{"class":137},[48,106021,162],{"class":62},[48,106023,106024],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,106025,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,106027,106028,106030,106032,106034],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,106029,276],{"class":147},[48,106031,151],{"class":62},[48,106033,474],{"class":137},[48,106035,162],{"class":62},[20,106037,30563],{},[39,106039,106041],{"className":41,"code":106040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,106042,106043],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106044,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106046,537],{"class":62},[48,106048,311],{"class":66},[48,106050,2059],{"class":70},[48,106052,311],{"class":66},[48,106054,87],{"class":62},[48,106056,320],{"class":66},[48,106058,348],{"class":70},[48,106060,311],{"class":66},[48,106062,87],{"class":62},[48,106064,320],{"class":66},[48,106066,76581],{"class":70},[48,106068,311],{"class":66},[48,106070,103],{"class":62},[20,106072,106073],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1752,106075,106077],{"id":106076},"from-range","From range()",[39,106079,106081],{"className":41,"code":106080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106082,106083,106101],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106084,106085,106087,106089,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106086,449],{"class":54},[48,106088,59],{"class":58},[48,106090,16362],{"class":281},[48,106092,151],{"class":62},[48,106094,60548],{"class":147},[48,106096,151],{"class":62},[48,106098,2921],{"class":99},[48,106100,670],{"class":62},[48,106102,106103,106105,106107,106109],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106104,276],{"class":147},[48,106106,151],{"class":62},[48,106108,474],{"class":137},[48,106110,162],{"class":62},[20,106112,168],{},[39,106114,106116],{"className":41,"code":106115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,106117,106118],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106119,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134,106136,106138,106140],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106121,537],{"class":62},[48,106123,2904],{"class":99},[48,106125,87],{"class":62},[48,106127,618],{"class":99},[48,106129,87],{"class":62},[48,106131,632],{"class":99},[48,106133,87],{"class":62},[48,106135,800],{"class":99},[48,106137,87],{"class":62},[48,106139,3241],{"class":99},[48,106141,103],{"class":62},[34,106143,106145],{"id":106144},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,106147,100079,106148,134],{},[166,106149,96925],{},[20,106151,106152],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,106154,100085],{},[209,106156,106157,106161,106165,106169],{},[212,106158,106159],{},[15,106160,2972],{},[212,106162,106163],{},[15,106164,4223],{},[212,106166,106167],{},[15,106168,2976],{},[212,106170,106171,106173],{},[15,106172,49499],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,106175,226],{},[39,106177,106179],{"className":41,"code":106178,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,106180,106181,106212],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106182,106183,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207,106209],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106184,8549],{"class":54},[48,106186,59],{"class":58},[48,106188,63],{"class":62},[48,106190,3770],{"class":99},[48,106192,87],{"class":62},[48,106194,79],{"class":66},[48,106196,4628],{"class":70},[48,106198,67],{"class":66},[48,106200,87],{"class":62},[48,106202,330],{"class":62},[48,106204,3114],{"class":99},[48,106206,87],{"class":62},[48,106208,2506],{"class":99},[48,106210,106211],{"class":62},")}\n",[48,106213,106214,106216,106218,106220],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106215,276],{"class":147},[48,106217,151],{"class":62},[48,106219,138],{"class":137},[48,106221,162],{"class":62},[20,106223,100147,106224,106226],{},[166,106225,5413],{}," work inside a set:",[209,106228,106229,106233,106237],{},[212,106230,106231],{},[15,106232,282],{},[212,106234,106235],{},[15,106236,9588],{},[212,106238,106239],{},[15,106240,7062],{},[20,106242,97650],{},[39,106244,106246],{"className":41,"code":106245,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106247,106248],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106249,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106251,100166],{"class":54},[48,106253,59],{"class":58},[48,106255,100171],{"class":62},[48,106257,3770],{"class":99},[48,106259,87],{"class":62},[48,106261,632],{"class":99},[48,106263,18785],{"class":62},[48,106265,4404],{"class":62},[48,106267,2848],{"class":99},[48,106269,87],{"class":62},[48,106271,3241],{"class":99},[48,106273,14439],{"class":62},[20,106275,77409,106276,106278],{},[15,106277,3787],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,106280,106281],{},"A safer example:",[39,106283,106285],{"className":41,"code":106284,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106286,106287,106315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106288,106289,106292,106294,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106290,106291],{"class":54},"good_set ",[48,106293,59],{"class":58},[48,106295,106296],{"class":62}," {(",[48,106298,3770],{"class":99},[48,106300,87],{"class":62},[48,106302,632],{"class":99},[48,106304,327],{"class":62},[48,106306,330],{"class":62},[48,106308,2848],{"class":99},[48,106310,87],{"class":62},[48,106312,3241],{"class":99},[48,106314,106211],{"class":62},[48,106316,106317,106319,106321,106324],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106318,276],{"class":147},[48,106320,151],{"class":62},[48,106322,106323],{"class":137},"good_set",[48,106325,162],{"class":62},[20,106327,168],{},[39,106329,106331],{"className":41,"code":106330,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106332,106333],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106334,106335,106338,106340,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106336,106337],{"class":62},"{(",[48,106339,3770],{"class":99},[48,106341,87],{"class":62},[48,106343,632],{"class":99},[48,106345,327],{"class":62},[48,106347,330],{"class":62},[48,106349,2848],{"class":99},[48,106351,87],{"class":62},[48,106353,3241],{"class":99},[48,106355,106211],{"class":62},[34,106357,106359],{"id":106358},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106361,189,106362,11355],{},[15,106363,4579],{},[209,106365,106366,106369,106374,106377],{},[212,106367,106368],{},"you need unique values only",[212,106370,106371,106372],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106373,128],{},[212,106375,106376],{},"order does not matter",[212,106378,106379],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106381,106382],{},"Example of membership checking:",[39,106384,106386],{"className":41,"code":106385,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106387,106388,106413,106417,106433],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106389,106390,106393,106395,106397,106399,106401,106403,106406,106408,106411],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106391,106392],{"class":54},"allowed_ids ",[48,106394,59],{"class":58},[48,106396,16362],{"class":281},[48,106398,3767],{"class":62},[48,106400,47137],{"class":99},[48,106402,87],{"class":62},[48,106404,106405],{"class":99}," 102",[48,106407,87],{"class":62},[48,106409,106410],{"class":99}," 103",[48,106412,4670],{"class":62},[48,106414,106415],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106416,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,106418,106419,106421,106423,106426,106428,106431],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,106420,276],{"class":147},[48,106422,151],{"class":62},[48,106424,106425],{"class":99},"102",[48,106427,21891],{"class":116},[48,106429,106430],{"class":137}," allowed_ids",[48,106432,162],{"class":62},[48,106434,106435,106437,106439,106442,106444,106446],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,106436,276],{"class":147},[48,106438,151],{"class":62},[48,106440,106441],{"class":99},"999",[48,106443,21891],{"class":116},[48,106445,106430],{"class":137},[48,106447,162],{"class":62},[20,106449,168],{},[39,106451,106452],{"className":41,"code":44718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,106453,106454,106458],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106455,106456],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106457,4761],{"class":1642},[48,106459,106460],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106461,4822],{"class":1642},[20,106463,106464],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[34,106466,106468],{"id":106467},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106470,106471],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1752,106473,189,106475,98776],{"id":106474},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106476,4579],{},[39,106478,106479],{"className":41,"code":98837,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,106480,106481,106491],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106482,106483,106485,106487,106489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106484,98844],{"class":54},[48,106486,59],{"class":58},[48,106488,16362],{"class":281},[48,106490,380],{"class":62},[48,106492,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106494,276],{"class":147},[48,106496,151],{"class":62},[48,106498,2094],{"class":281},[48,106500,151],{"class":62},[48,106502,98863],{"class":137},[48,106504,670],{"class":62},[20,106506,168],{},[39,106508,106509],{"className":41,"code":9619,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,106510,106511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106512,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106514,2168],{"class":58},[48,106516,2171],{"class":915},[48,106518,320],{"class":66},[48,106520,7062],{"class":70},[48,106522,311],{"class":66},[48,106524,2180],{"class":58},[1752,106526,189,106528,106530],{"id":106527},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106529,100836],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[39,106532,106534],{"className":41,"code":106533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106535,106536,106556],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106539,2232],{"class":54},[48,106541,59],{"class":58},[48,106543,63],{"class":62},[48,106545,3770],{"class":99},[48,106547,87],{"class":62},[48,106549,632],{"class":99},[48,106551,87],{"class":62},[48,106553,800],{"class":99},[48,106555,103],{"class":62},[48,106557,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106559,276],{"class":147},[48,106561,151],{"class":62},[48,106563,2094],{"class":281},[48,106565,151],{"class":62},[48,106567,2411],{"class":137},[48,106569,670],{"class":62},[20,106571,168],{},[39,106573,106574],{"className":41,"code":9619,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,106575,106576],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106577,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106579,2168],{"class":58},[48,106581,2171],{"class":915},[48,106583,320],{"class":66},[48,106585,7062],{"class":70},[48,106587,311],{"class":66},[48,106589,2180],{"class":58},[1752,106591,189,106593,106595],{"id":106592},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106594,4574],{}," for an empty dictionary",[39,106597,106599],{"className":41,"code":106598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106600,106601,106610],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106602,106603,106606,106608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106604,106605],{"class":54},"empty_dict ",[48,106607,59],{"class":58},[48,106609,10593],{"class":62},[48,106611,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620,106623],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106613,276],{"class":147},[48,106615,151],{"class":62},[48,106617,2094],{"class":281},[48,106619,151],{"class":62},[48,106621,106622],{"class":137},"empty_dict",[48,106624,670],{"class":62},[20,106626,168],{},[39,106628,106629],{"className":41,"code":9575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,106630,106631],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106632,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641,106643],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106634,2168],{"class":58},[48,106636,2171],{"class":915},[48,106638,320],{"class":66},[48,106640,9588],{"class":70},[48,106642,311],{"class":66},[48,106644,2180],{"class":58},[20,106646,106647],{},"So the rule is simple:",[209,106649,106650,106655,106660],{},[212,106651,106652,106654],{},[15,106653,4579],{}," → empty set",[212,106656,106657,106659],{},[15,106658,100836],{}," → non-empty set",[212,106661,106662,106664],{},[15,106663,4574],{}," → empty dictionary",[34,106666,1745],{"id":1744},[20,106668,106669,106670,134],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106671,4579],{},[1752,106673,9185,106674,100434],{"id":100431},[15,106675,4574],{},[20,106677,106678],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[39,106680,106681],{"className":41,"code":100440,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,106682,106683,106691],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106684,106685,106687,106689],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106686,3231],{"class":54},[48,106688,59],{"class":58},[48,106690,10593],{"class":62},[48,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106694,276],{"class":147},[48,106696,151],{"class":62},[48,106698,2094],{"class":281},[48,106700,151],{"class":62},[48,106702,933],{"class":137},[48,106704,670],{"class":62},[1752,106706,106708,106709],{"id":106707},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106710,106711],{},"set(5)",[20,106713,106714,106716],{},[15,106715,4579],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[39,106718,106720],{"className":41,"code":106719,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set(5)\n",[15,106721,106722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106723,106724,106726,106728,106730],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106725,7062],{"class":281},[48,106727,151],{"class":62},[48,106729,2921],{"class":99},[48,106731,162],{"class":62},[20,106733,3784,106734,106736,106737,134],{},[15,106735,3787],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[348,106738,106740],{"href":106739},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1752,106742,106744],{"id":106743},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106746,106747],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[39,106749,106751],{"className":41,"code":106750,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106752,106753],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106754,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106756,3231],{"class":54},[48,106758,59],{"class":58},[48,106760,100171],{"class":62},[48,106762,3770],{"class":99},[48,106764,87],{"class":62},[48,106766,632],{"class":99},[48,106768,18785],{"class":62},[48,106770,4404],{"class":62},[48,106772,2848],{"class":99},[48,106774,87],{"class":62},[48,106776,3241],{"class":99},[48,106778,14439],{"class":62},[1752,106780,2015,106782,106784],{"id":106781},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106783,4579],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106786,106787],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1752,106789,37744,106791,9471,106793,352,106795],{"id":106790},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106792,4579],{},[15,106794,25312],{},[15,106796,9887],{},[20,106798,106799],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[34,106801,61260],{"id":61259},[20,106803,11865],{},[39,106805,106807],{"className":41,"code":106806,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106808,106809,106824,106834,106848],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106810,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106812,276],{"class":147},[48,106814,151],{"class":62},[48,106816,2094],{"class":281},[48,106818,151],{"class":62},[48,106820,106821],{"class":137},"my_value",[48,106823,670],{"class":62},[48,106825,106826,106828,106830,106832],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,106827,276],{"class":147},[48,106829,151],{"class":62},[48,106831,106821],{"class":137},[48,106833,162],{"class":62},[48,106835,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,106837,276],{"class":147},[48,106839,151],{"class":62},[48,106841,282],{"class":281},[48,106843,151],{"class":62},[48,106845,16395],{"class":137},[48,106847,670],{"class":62},[48,106849,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,106851,276],{"class":147},[48,106853,151],{"class":62},[48,106855,11914],{"class":147},[48,106857,151],{"class":62},[48,106859,16395],{"class":137},[48,106861,670],{"class":62},[20,106863,106864],{},"What they help you see:",[209,106866,106867,106873,106878,106884],{},[212,106868,106869,106872],{},[15,106870,106871],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[212,106874,106875,91100],{},[15,106876,106877],{},"print(my_value)",[212,106879,106880,106883],{},[15,106881,106882],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[212,106885,106886,106889],{},[15,106887,106888],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[34,106891,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,106893,106895],{"id":106894},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106897,106898],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1752,106900,106902],{"id":106901},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106904,189,106905,106907,106908,106910],{},[15,106906,4579],{},". Do not use ",[15,106909,4574],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1752,106912,106914],{"id":106913},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106916,106917],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1752,106919,106921],{"id":106920},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106923,106924],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106926,226],{},[39,106928,106930],{"className":41,"code":106929,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106931,106932],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106933,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106935,276],{"class":147},[48,106937,151],{"class":62},[48,106939,7062],{"class":281},[48,106941,151],{"class":62},[48,106943,67],{"class":66},[48,106945,1128],{"class":70},[48,106947,67],{"class":66},[48,106949,670],{"class":62},[20,106951,30563],{},[39,106953,106955],{"className":41,"code":106954,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106956,106957],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106958,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106960,537],{"class":62},[48,106962,311],{"class":66},[48,106964,348],{"class":70},[48,106966,311],{"class":66},[48,106968,87],{"class":62},[48,106970,320],{"class":66},[48,106972,20],{"class":70},[48,106974,311],{"class":66},[48,106976,87],{"class":62},[48,106978,320],{"class":66},[48,106980,61006],{"class":70},[48,106982,311],{"class":66},[48,106984,87],{"class":62},[48,106986,320],{"class":66},[48,106988,60997],{"class":70},[48,106990,311],{"class":66},[48,106992,103],{"class":62},[1752,106994,5935,106996,106999],{"id":106995},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106997,106998],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,107001,107002,29218,107004,107007],{},[15,107003,4579],{},[166,107005,107006],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,107009,107010],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[39,107012,107014],{"className":41,"code":107013,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,107015,107016],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107017,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107019,276],{"class":147},[48,107021,151],{"class":62},[48,107023,7062],{"class":281},[48,107025,3767],{"class":62},[48,107027,3770],{"class":99},[48,107029,87],{"class":62},[48,107031,632],{"class":99},[48,107033,87],{"class":62},[48,107035,800],{"class":99},[48,107037,87],{"class":62},[48,107039,3241],{"class":99},[48,107041,3781],{"class":62},[34,107043,2679],{"id":2678},[209,107045,107046,107050,107054,107058,107062],{},[212,107047,107048],{},[348,107049,96882],{"href":96881},[212,107051,107052],{},[348,107053,105046],{"href":96885},[212,107055,107056],{},[348,107057,100898],{"href":105897},[212,107059,107060],{},[348,107061,105604],{"href":65398},[212,107063,107064],{},[348,107065,106740],{"href":106739},[2711,107067,107068],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":107070},[107071,107072,107073,107074,107075,107081,107082,107083,107091,107101,107102,107110],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":105222,"depth":106,"text":105223},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":105607,"depth":106,"text":105608},{"id":105794,"depth":106,"text":105795,"children":107076},[107077,107078,107079,107080],{"id":105798,"depth":113,"text":105799},{"id":105900,"depth":113,"text":105901},{"id":105984,"depth":113,"text":105985},{"id":106076,"depth":113,"text":106077},{"id":106144,"depth":106,"text":106145},{"id":106358,"depth":106,"text":106359},{"id":106467,"depth":106,"text":106468,"children":107084},[107085,107087,107089],{"id":106474,"depth":113,"text":107086},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106527,"depth":113,"text":107088},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106592,"depth":113,"text":107090},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":107092},[107093,107094,107096,107097,107099],{"id":100431,"depth":113,"text":100939},{"id":106707,"depth":113,"text":107095},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106743,"depth":113,"text":106744},{"id":106781,"depth":113,"text":107098},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106790,"depth":113,"text":107100},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61259,"depth":106,"text":61260},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":107103},[107104,107105,107106,107107,107108],{"id":106894,"depth":113,"text":106895},{"id":106901,"depth":113,"text":106902},{"id":106913,"depth":113,"text":106914},{"id":106920,"depth":113,"text":106921},{"id":106995,"depth":113,"text":107109},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":105104,"description":107111},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":107118,"title":107119,"body":107120,"description":108635,"extension":2749,"meta":108636,"navigation":109,"path":108637,"seo":108638,"stem":108639,"__hash__":108640},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":107121,"toc":108611},[107122,107128,107133,107136,107219,107224,107229,107234,107236,107249,107253,107255,107274,107277,107300,107303,107314,107316,107397,107399,107416,107418,107424,107427,107522,107524,107555,107557,107565,107567,107570,107681,107683,107708,107710,107732,107737,107742,107748,107857,107859,107875,107878,107881,107964,107966,107983,107991,107993,107997,108003,108094,108096,108129,108134,108141,108218,108220,108237,108243,108245,108249,108265,108268,108294,108296,108357,108359,108482,108484,108535,108541,108543,108548,108550,108556,108559,108563,108566,108570,108573,108583,108585,108608],[10,107123,4356,107125,18],{"id":107124},"python-setintersection-method",[15,107126,107127],{},"set.intersection()",[20,107129,22,107130,107132],{},[15,107131,107127],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,107134,107135],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[39,107137,107139],{"className":41,"code":107138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,107140,107141,107161,107181,107185,107204,107214],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107142,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107144,3338],{"class":54},[48,107146,59],{"class":58},[48,107148,63],{"class":62},[48,107150,3770],{"class":99},[48,107152,87],{"class":62},[48,107154,632],{"class":99},[48,107156,87],{"class":62},[48,107158,800],{"class":99},[48,107160,103],{"class":62},[48,107162,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,107164,3365],{"class":54},[48,107166,59],{"class":58},[48,107168,63],{"class":62},[48,107170,2842],{"class":99},[48,107172,87],{"class":62},[48,107174,800],{"class":99},[48,107176,87],{"class":62},[48,107178,3241],{"class":99},[48,107180,103],{"class":62},[48,107182,107183],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,107184,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,107186,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107198,107200,107202],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,107188,449],{"class":54},[48,107190,59],{"class":58},[48,107192,57436],{"class":54},[48,107194,134],{"class":62},[48,107196,107197],{"class":137},"intersection",[48,107199,151],{"class":62},[48,107201,2059],{"class":137},[48,107203,162],{"class":62},[48,107205,107206,107208,107210,107212],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,107207,276],{"class":147},[48,107209,151],{"class":62},[48,107211,474],{"class":137},[48,107213,162],{"class":62},[48,107215,107216],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,107217,107218],{"class":4445},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,107220,189,107221,107223],{},[15,107222,103345],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[34,107225,13737,107227,13740],{"id":107226},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,107228,103345],{},[20,107230,107231,107233],{},[15,107232,103345],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,107235,13792],{},[209,107237,107238,107241,107243,107246],{},[212,107239,107240],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[212,107242,101115],{},[212,107244,107245],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[212,107247,107248],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,107250,96878,107251,134],{},[348,107252,96882],{"href":96881},[34,107254,360],{"id":359},[39,107256,107258],{"className":41,"code":107257,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,107259,107260],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107261,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107263,101139],{"class":54},[48,107265,134],{"class":62},[48,107267,107197],{"class":137},[48,107269,151],{"class":62},[48,107271,101148],{"class":137},[48,107273,162],{"class":62},[20,107275,107276],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[39,107278,107280],{"className":41,"code":107279,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107281,107282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107283,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107285,101139],{"class":54},[48,107287,134],{"class":62},[48,107289,107197],{"class":137},[48,107291,151],{"class":62},[48,107293,101148],{"class":137},[48,107295,87],{"class":62},[48,107297,101175],{"class":137},[48,107299,162],{"class":62},[20,107301,107302],{},"Important notes:",[209,107304,107305,107308,107311],{},[212,107306,107307],{},"The result is always a new set",[212,107309,107310],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[212,107312,107313],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107315,226],{},[39,107317,107319],{"className":41,"code":107318,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107320,107321,107345,107365,107369,107387],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107322,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107324,3338],{"class":54},[48,107326,59],{"class":58},[48,107328,63],{"class":62},[48,107330,3770],{"class":99},[48,107332,87],{"class":62},[48,107334,632],{"class":99},[48,107336,87],{"class":62},[48,107338,800],{"class":99},[48,107340,87],{"class":62},[48,107342,3241],{"class":99},[48,107344,103],{"class":62},[48,107346,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,107348,3365],{"class":54},[48,107350,59],{"class":58},[48,107352,63],{"class":62},[48,107354,2848],{"class":99},[48,107356,87],{"class":62},[48,107358,3241],{"class":99},[48,107360,87],{"class":62},[48,107362,5387],{"class":99},[48,107364,103],{"class":62},[48,107366,107367],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,107368,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,107370,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,107372,449],{"class":54},[48,107374,59],{"class":58},[48,107376,57436],{"class":54},[48,107378,134],{"class":62},[48,107380,107197],{"class":137},[48,107382,151],{"class":62},[48,107384,2059],{"class":137},[48,107386,162],{"class":62},[48,107388,107389,107391,107393,107395],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,107390,276],{"class":147},[48,107392,151],{"class":62},[48,107394,474],{"class":137},[48,107396,162],{"class":62},[20,107398,168],{},[39,107400,107402],{"className":41,"code":107401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107403,107404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107405,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107407,537],{"class":62},[48,107409,2848],{"class":99},[48,107411,87],{"class":62},[48,107413,3241],{"class":99},[48,107415,103],{"class":62},[34,107417,18143],{"id":18142},[20,107419,107420,573,107422,134],{},[15,107421,103345],{},[166,107423,7062],{},[20,107425,107426],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[39,107428,107430],{"className":41,"code":107429,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107431,107432,107452,107472,107476,107494,107498,107508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107433,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107435,3338],{"class":54},[48,107437,59],{"class":58},[48,107439,63],{"class":62},[48,107441,3770],{"class":99},[48,107443,87],{"class":62},[48,107445,632],{"class":99},[48,107447,87],{"class":62},[48,107449,800],{"class":99},[48,107451,103],{"class":62},[48,107453,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,107455,3365],{"class":54},[48,107457,59],{"class":58},[48,107459,63],{"class":62},[48,107461,2842],{"class":99},[48,107463,87],{"class":62},[48,107465,800],{"class":99},[48,107467,87],{"class":62},[48,107469,3241],{"class":99},[48,107471,103],{"class":62},[48,107473,107474],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,107475,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,107477,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,107479,449],{"class":54},[48,107481,59],{"class":58},[48,107483,57436],{"class":54},[48,107485,134],{"class":62},[48,107487,107197],{"class":137},[48,107489,151],{"class":62},[48,107491,2059],{"class":137},[48,107493,162],{"class":62},[48,107495,107496],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,107497,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,107499,107500,107502,107504,107506],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,107501,276],{"class":147},[48,107503,151],{"class":62},[48,107505,474],{"class":137},[48,107507,162],{"class":62},[48,107509,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,107511,276],{"class":147},[48,107513,151],{"class":62},[48,107515,2094],{"class":281},[48,107517,151],{"class":62},[48,107519,474],{"class":137},[48,107521,670],{"class":62},[20,107523,168],{},[39,107525,107527],{"className":41,"code":107526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107528,107529,107541],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107530,107531,107533,107535,107537,107539],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107532,537],{"class":62},[48,107534,2842],{"class":99},[48,107536,87],{"class":62},[48,107538,800],{"class":99},[48,107540,103],{"class":62},[48,107542,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,107544,2168],{"class":58},[48,107546,2171],{"class":915},[48,107548,320],{"class":66},[48,107550,7062],{"class":70},[48,107552,311],{"class":66},[48,107554,2180],{"class":58},[20,107556,86363],{},[209,107558,107559,107562],{},[212,107560,107561],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[212,107563,107564],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[34,107566,12225],{"id":12224},[20,107568,107569],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[39,107571,107573],{"className":41,"code":107572,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107574,107575,107608,107641,107645,107666,107670],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107576,107577,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604,107606],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107578,107579],{"class":54},"colors1 ",[48,107581,59],{"class":58},[48,107583,63],{"class":62},[48,107585,67],{"class":66},[48,107587,1137],{"class":70},[48,107589,67],{"class":66},[48,107591,87],{"class":62},[48,107593,79],{"class":66},[48,107595,13848],{"class":70},[48,107597,67],{"class":66},[48,107599,87],{"class":62},[48,107601,79],{"class":66},[48,107603,18179],{"class":70},[48,107605,67],{"class":66},[48,107607,103],{"class":62},[48,107609,107610,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,107611,107612],{"class":54},"colors2 ",[48,107614,59],{"class":58},[48,107616,63],{"class":62},[48,107618,67],{"class":66},[48,107620,18179],{"class":70},[48,107622,67],{"class":66},[48,107624,87],{"class":62},[48,107626,79],{"class":66},[48,107628,1155],{"class":70},[48,107630,67],{"class":66},[48,107632,87],{"class":62},[48,107634,79],{"class":66},[48,107636,13848],{"class":70},[48,107638,67],{"class":66},[48,107640,103],{"class":62},[48,107642,107643],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,107644,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,107646,107647,107650,107652,107655,107657,107659,107661,107664],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,107648,107649],{"class":54},"common_colors ",[48,107651,59],{"class":58},[48,107653,107654],{"class":54}," colors1",[48,107656,134],{"class":62},[48,107658,107197],{"class":137},[48,107660,151],{"class":62},[48,107662,107663],{"class":137},"colors2",[48,107665,162],{"class":62},[48,107667,107668],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,107669,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,107671,107672,107674,107676,107679],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,107673,276],{"class":147},[48,107675,151],{"class":62},[48,107677,107678],{"class":137},"common_colors",[48,107680,162],{"class":62},[20,107682,168],{},[39,107684,107686],{"className":41,"code":107685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107687,107688],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107689,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107691,537],{"class":62},[48,107693,311],{"class":66},[48,107695,13848],{"class":70},[48,107697,311],{"class":66},[48,107699,87],{"class":62},[48,107701,320],{"class":66},[48,107703,18179],{"class":70},[48,107705,311],{"class":66},[48,107707,103],{"class":62},[20,107709,12431],{},[209,107711,107712,107718,107722,107727],{},[212,107713,107714,107717],{},[15,107715,107716],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[212,107719,107720,107717],{},[15,107721,107663],{},[212,107723,107724,107726],{},[15,107725,103345],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[212,107728,107729,107730],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107731,107678],{},[34,107733,9185,107735,101712],{"id":107734},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107736,103345],{},[20,107738,107739,107740,134],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107741,103345],{},[20,107743,107744,107745,107747],{},"Only the values found in ",[166,107746,4497],{}," inputs will be kept.",[39,107749,107751],{"className":41,"code":107750,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107752,107753,107777,107801,107821,107825,107847],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107754,107755,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771,107773,107775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107756,3338],{"class":54},[48,107758,59],{"class":58},[48,107760,63],{"class":62},[48,107762,3770],{"class":99},[48,107764,87],{"class":62},[48,107766,632],{"class":99},[48,107768,87],{"class":62},[48,107770,800],{"class":99},[48,107772,87],{"class":62},[48,107774,3241],{"class":99},[48,107776,103],{"class":62},[48,107778,107779,107781,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,107780,3365],{"class":54},[48,107782,59],{"class":58},[48,107784,63],{"class":62},[48,107786,2842],{"class":99},[48,107788,87],{"class":62},[48,107790,800],{"class":99},[48,107792,87],{"class":62},[48,107794,3241],{"class":99},[48,107796,87],{"class":62},[48,107798,5387],{"class":99},[48,107800,103],{"class":62},[48,107802,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811,107813,107815,107817,107819],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,107804,83737],{"class":54},[48,107806,59],{"class":58},[48,107808,63],{"class":62},[48,107810,2848],{"class":99},[48,107812,87],{"class":62},[48,107814,3241],{"class":99},[48,107816,87],{"class":62},[48,107818,38184],{"class":99},[48,107820,103],{"class":62},[48,107822,107823],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,107824,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,107826,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835,107837,107839,107841,107843,107845],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,107828,449],{"class":54},[48,107830,59],{"class":58},[48,107832,57436],{"class":54},[48,107834,134],{"class":62},[48,107836,107197],{"class":137},[48,107838,151],{"class":62},[48,107840,2059],{"class":137},[48,107842,87],{"class":62},[48,107844,10437],{"class":137},[48,107846,162],{"class":62},[48,107848,107849,107851,107853,107855],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,107850,276],{"class":147},[48,107852,151],{"class":62},[48,107854,474],{"class":137},[48,107856,162],{"class":62},[20,107858,168],{},[39,107860,107861],{"className":41,"code":107401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,107862,107863],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107864,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107866,537],{"class":62},[48,107868,2848],{"class":99},[48,107870,87],{"class":62},[48,107872,3241],{"class":99},[48,107874,103],{"class":62},[20,107876,107877],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107879,107880],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[39,107882,107884],{"className":41,"code":107883,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107885,107886,107910,107914,107954],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107887,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107889,3338],{"class":54},[48,107891,59],{"class":58},[48,107893,63],{"class":62},[48,107895,3770],{"class":99},[48,107897,87],{"class":62},[48,107899,632],{"class":99},[48,107901,87],{"class":62},[48,107903,800],{"class":99},[48,107905,87],{"class":62},[48,107907,3241],{"class":99},[48,107909,103],{"class":62},[48,107911,107912],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,107913,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,107915,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,107917,449],{"class":54},[48,107919,59],{"class":58},[48,107921,57436],{"class":54},[48,107923,134],{"class":62},[48,107925,107197],{"class":137},[48,107927,3767],{"class":62},[48,107929,2842],{"class":99},[48,107931,87],{"class":62},[48,107933,3241],{"class":99},[48,107935,87],{"class":62},[48,107937,38184],{"class":99},[48,107939,18785],{"class":62},[48,107941,330],{"class":62},[48,107943,3770],{"class":99},[48,107945,87],{"class":62},[48,107947,632],{"class":99},[48,107949,87],{"class":62},[48,107951,3241],{"class":99},[48,107953,670],{"class":62},[48,107955,107956,107958,107960,107962],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,107957,276],{"class":147},[48,107959,151],{"class":62},[48,107961,474],{"class":137},[48,107963,162],{"class":62},[20,107965,168],{},[39,107967,107969],{"className":41,"code":107968,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107970,107971],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107972,107973,107975,107977,107979,107981],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107974,537],{"class":62},[48,107976,2842],{"class":99},[48,107978,87],{"class":62},[48,107980,3241],{"class":99},[48,107982,103],{"class":62},[34,107984,107986,1306,107988],{"id":107985},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107987,103345],{},[15,107989,107990],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107992,101882],{},[1752,107994,107995],{"id":107197},[15,107996,103345],{},[209,107998,107999,108001],{},[212,108000,101891],{},[212,108002,101894],{},[39,108004,108006],{"className":41,"code":108005,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,108007,108008,108028,108048,108052,108070,108074,108084],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108009,108010,108012,108014,108016,108018,108020,108022,108024,108026],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108011,3338],{"class":54},[48,108013,59],{"class":58},[48,108015,63],{"class":62},[48,108017,3770],{"class":99},[48,108019,87],{"class":62},[48,108021,632],{"class":99},[48,108023,87],{"class":62},[48,108025,800],{"class":99},[48,108027,103],{"class":62},[48,108029,108030,108032,108034,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108031,3365],{"class":54},[48,108033,59],{"class":58},[48,108035,63],{"class":62},[48,108037,2842],{"class":99},[48,108039,87],{"class":62},[48,108041,800],{"class":99},[48,108043,87],{"class":62},[48,108045,3241],{"class":99},[48,108047,103],{"class":62},[48,108049,108050],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,108051,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,108053,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,108055,449],{"class":54},[48,108057,59],{"class":58},[48,108059,57436],{"class":54},[48,108061,134],{"class":62},[48,108063,107197],{"class":137},[48,108065,151],{"class":62},[48,108067,2059],{"class":137},[48,108069,162],{"class":62},[48,108071,108072],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,108073,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,108075,108076,108078,108080,108082],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,108077,276],{"class":147},[48,108079,151],{"class":62},[48,108081,348],{"class":137},[48,108083,162],{"class":62},[48,108085,108086,108088,108090,108092],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,108087,276],{"class":147},[48,108089,151],{"class":62},[48,108091,474],{"class":137},[48,108093,162],{"class":62},[20,108095,168],{},[39,108097,108099],{"className":41,"code":108098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,108100,108101,108117],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108102,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113,108115],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108104,537],{"class":62},[48,108106,3770],{"class":99},[48,108108,87],{"class":62},[48,108110,632],{"class":99},[48,108112,87],{"class":62},[48,108114,800],{"class":99},[48,108116,103],{"class":62},[48,108118,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108120,537],{"class":62},[48,108122,2842],{"class":99},[48,108124,87],{"class":62},[48,108126,800],{"class":99},[48,108128,103],{"class":62},[1752,108130,108132],{"id":108131},"intersection_update",[15,108133,107990],{},[209,108135,108136,108138],{},[212,108137,102034],{},[212,108139,108140],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[39,108142,108144],{"className":41,"code":108143,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,108145,108146,108166,108186,108190,108204,108208],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108147,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158,108160,108162,108164],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108149,3338],{"class":54},[48,108151,59],{"class":58},[48,108153,63],{"class":62},[48,108155,3770],{"class":99},[48,108157,87],{"class":62},[48,108159,632],{"class":99},[48,108161,87],{"class":62},[48,108163,800],{"class":99},[48,108165,103],{"class":62},[48,108167,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108169,3365],{"class":54},[48,108171,59],{"class":58},[48,108173,63],{"class":62},[48,108175,2842],{"class":99},[48,108177,87],{"class":62},[48,108179,800],{"class":99},[48,108181,87],{"class":62},[48,108183,3241],{"class":99},[48,108185,103],{"class":62},[48,108187,108188],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,108189,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,108191,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,108193,348],{"class":54},[48,108195,134],{"class":62},[48,108197,108131],{"class":137},[48,108199,151],{"class":62},[48,108201,2059],{"class":137},[48,108203,162],{"class":62},[48,108205,108206],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,108207,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,108209,108210,108212,108214,108216],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,108211,276],{"class":147},[48,108213,151],{"class":62},[48,108215,348],{"class":137},[48,108217,162],{"class":62},[20,108219,168],{},[39,108221,108223],{"className":41,"code":108222,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{2, 3}\n",[15,108224,108225],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108226,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108228,537],{"class":62},[48,108230,2842],{"class":99},[48,108232,87],{"class":62},[48,108234,800],{"class":99},[48,108236,103],{"class":62},[20,108238,108239,108240,108242],{},"Choose ",[15,108241,103345],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[34,108244,5300],{"id":5299},[20,108246,15463,108247,76],{},[15,108248,103345],{},[209,108250,108251,108254,108257,108260],{},[212,108252,108253],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[212,108255,108256],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[212,108258,108259],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[212,108261,108262,108263],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,108264,103345],{},[20,108266,108267],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[209,108269,108270,108275,108278,108291],{},[212,108271,9185,108272,108274],{},[15,108273,103345],{}," when order matters",[212,108276,108277],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[212,108279,37744,108280,9471,108282,352,108287],{},[15,108281,103345],{},[348,108283,108285],{"href":108284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108286,103353],{},[348,108288,108289],{"href":103394},[15,108290,100968],{},[212,108292,108293],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,108295,30669],{},[39,108297,108299],{"className":41,"code":108298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108300,108301,108311,108325,108343],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108302,108303,108305,108307,108309],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108304,276],{"class":147},[48,108306,151],{"class":62},[48,108308,16395],{"class":137},[48,108310,162],{"class":62},[48,108312,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108314,276],{"class":147},[48,108316,151],{"class":62},[48,108318,2094],{"class":281},[48,108320,151],{"class":62},[48,108322,474],{"class":137},[48,108324,670],{"class":62},[48,108326,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,108328,276],{"class":147},[48,108330,151],{"class":62},[48,108332,101139],{"class":137},[48,108334,134],{"class":62},[48,108336,107197],{"class":137},[48,108338,151],{"class":62},[48,108340,101148],{"class":137},[48,108342,670],{"class":62},[48,108344,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,108346,276],{"class":147},[48,108348,151],{"class":62},[48,108350,11914],{"class":147},[48,108352,151],{"class":62},[48,108354,474],{"class":137},[48,108356,670],{"class":62},[20,108358,226],{},[39,108360,108362],{"className":41,"code":108361,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108363,108364,108388,108408,108412,108430,108434,108444,108454,108468],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108365,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108367,2232],{"class":54},[48,108369,59],{"class":58},[48,108371,63],{"class":62},[48,108373,3770],{"class":99},[48,108375,87],{"class":62},[48,108377,632],{"class":99},[48,108379,87],{"class":62},[48,108381,632],{"class":99},[48,108383,87],{"class":62},[48,108385,800],{"class":99},[48,108387,103],{"class":62},[48,108389,108390,108392,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402,108404,108406],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108391,44093],{"class":54},[48,108393,59],{"class":58},[48,108395,63],{"class":62},[48,108397,2842],{"class":99},[48,108399,87],{"class":62},[48,108401,800],{"class":99},[48,108403,87],{"class":62},[48,108405,3241],{"class":99},[48,108407,103],{"class":62},[48,108409,108410],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,108411,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,108413,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426,108428],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,108415,449],{"class":54},[48,108417,59],{"class":58},[48,108419,2292],{"class":54},[48,108421,134],{"class":62},[48,108423,107197],{"class":137},[48,108425,151],{"class":62},[48,108427,31277],{"class":137},[48,108429,162],{"class":62},[48,108431,108432],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,108433,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,108435,108436,108438,108440,108442],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,108437,276],{"class":147},[48,108439,151],{"class":62},[48,108441,2411],{"class":137},[48,108443,162],{"class":62},[48,108445,108446,108448,108450,108452],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,108447,276],{"class":147},[48,108449,151],{"class":62},[48,108451,474],{"class":137},[48,108453,162],{"class":62},[48,108455,108456,108458,108460,108462,108464,108466],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,108457,276],{"class":147},[48,108459,151],{"class":62},[48,108461,2094],{"class":281},[48,108463,151],{"class":62},[48,108465,474],{"class":137},[48,108467,670],{"class":62},[48,108469,108470,108472,108474,108476,108478,108480],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,108471,276],{"class":147},[48,108473,151],{"class":62},[48,108475,11914],{"class":147},[48,108477,151],{"class":62},[48,108479,474],{"class":137},[48,108481,670],{"class":62},[20,108483,168],{},[39,108485,108487],{"className":41,"code":108486,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108488,108489,108505,108517,108531],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108490,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108492,537],{"class":62},[48,108494,3770],{"class":99},[48,108496,87],{"class":62},[48,108498,632],{"class":99},[48,108500,87],{"class":62},[48,108502,800],{"class":99},[48,108504,103],{"class":62},[48,108506,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108508,537],{"class":62},[48,108510,2842],{"class":99},[48,108512,87],{"class":62},[48,108514,800],{"class":99},[48,108516,103],{"class":62},[48,108518,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,108520,2168],{"class":58},[48,108522,2171],{"class":915},[48,108524,320],{"class":66},[48,108526,7062],{"class":70},[48,108528,311],{"class":66},[48,108530,2180],{"class":58},[48,108532,108533],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,108534,17784],{"class":99},[20,108536,108537,108538,108540],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108539,2842],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[34,108542,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,108544,2606,108546,103293],{"id":108545},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108547,103345],{},[20,108549,103296],{},[1752,108551,5947,108553,108555],{"id":108552},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108554,103345],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108557,108558],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1752,108560,108562],{"id":108561},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108564,108565],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1752,108567,108569],{"id":108568},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108571,108572],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[39,108574,108575],{"className":41,"code":98012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,108576,108577],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108578,108579,108581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108580,7062],{"class":281},[48,108582,380],{"class":62},[34,108584,2679],{"id":2678},[209,108586,108587,108591,108598,108604],{},[212,108588,108589],{},[348,108590,96882],{"href":96881},[212,108592,108593],{},[348,108594,4356,108595,2689],{"href":108284},[15,108596,108597],{},"set.union()",[212,108599,108600],{},[348,108601,4356,108602,2689],{"href":103394},[15,108603,100973],{},[212,108605,108606],{},[348,108607,100898],{"href":105897},[2711,108609,108610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":108612},[108613,108615,108616,108617,108618,108620,108625,108626,108634],{"id":107226,"depth":106,"text":108614},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":107734,"depth":106,"text":108619},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107985,"depth":106,"text":108621,"children":108622},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108623,108624],{"id":107197,"depth":113,"text":103345},{"id":108131,"depth":113,"text":107990},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":108627},[108628,108630,108632,108633],{"id":108545,"depth":113,"text":108629},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108552,"depth":113,"text":108631},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108561,"depth":113,"text":108562},{"id":108568,"depth":113,"text":108569},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":107119,"description":108635},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108642,"title":108643,"body":108644,"description":109880,"extension":2749,"meta":109881,"navigation":109,"path":109882,"seo":109883,"stem":109884,"__hash__":109885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108645,"toc":109847},[108646,108651,108657,108666,108668,108743,108748,108763,108773,108778,108782,108795,108799,108801,108816,108818,108834,108836,108911,108915,108918,108920,108937,108942,108997,109002,109014,109018,109021,109122,109124,109165,109168,109172,109179,109181,109206,109209,109227,109234,109240,109243,109325,109332,109335,109415,109424,109427,109432,109436,109450,109499,109504,109508,109519,109568,109579,109584,109588,109600,109649,109660,109662,109666,109689,109691,109748,109750,109764,109766,109772,109778,109784,109793,109797,109804,109808,109816,109818,109844],[10,108647,96754,108649,18],{"id":108648},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108650,13506],{},[20,108652,108653,108656],{},[15,108654,108655],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108658,108659,108660,108662,108663,108665],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[166,108661,5413],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108664,13506],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[34,108667,37],{"id":36},[39,108669,108671],{"className":41,"code":108670,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108672,108673,108705,108719,108723,108733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108674,108675,108677,108679,108681,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108676,8549],{"class":54},[48,108678,59],{"class":58},[48,108680,63],{"class":62},[48,108682,67],{"class":66},[48,108684,1128],{"class":70},[48,108686,67],{"class":66},[48,108688,87],{"class":62},[48,108690,79],{"class":66},[48,108692,1146],{"class":70},[48,108694,67],{"class":66},[48,108696,87],{"class":62},[48,108698,79],{"class":66},[48,108700,4877],{"class":70},[48,108702,67],{"class":66},[48,108704,103],{"class":62},[48,108706,108707,108709,108711,108713,108715,108717],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108708,70485],{"class":54},[48,108710,59],{"class":58},[48,108712,6741],{"class":54},[48,108714,134],{"class":62},[48,108716,26773],{"class":137},[48,108718,380],{"class":62},[48,108720,108721],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,108722,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,108724,108725,108727,108729,108731],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,108726,276],{"class":147},[48,108728,151],{"class":62},[48,108730,70508],{"class":137},[48,108732,162],{"class":62},[48,108734,108735,108737,108739,108741],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,108736,276],{"class":147},[48,108738,151],{"class":62},[48,108740,138],{"class":137},[48,108742,162],{"class":62},[20,108744,108745],{},[166,108746,108747],{},"What this does:",[209,108749,108750,108755,108760],{},[212,108751,108752,108753],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108754,138],{},[212,108756,108757,108758],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108759,70508],{},[212,108761,108762],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108764,108765,89514,108767,108769,108770,108772],{},[166,108766,84372],{},[15,108768,108655],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[166,108771,5413],{}," chosen by index.",[34,108774,196,108776,199],{"id":108775},"what-setpop-does",[15,108777,108655],{},[20,108779,108780,76],{},[15,108781,108655],{},[209,108783,108784,108786,108789,108792],{},[212,108785,103596],{},[212,108787,108788],{},"Returns the removed item",[212,108790,108791],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[212,108793,108794],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108796,96878,108797,134],{},[348,108798,96882],{"href":98053},[34,108800,360],{"id":359},[39,108802,108804],{"className":41,"code":108803,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108805,108806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108807,108808,108810,108812,108814],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108809,16395],{"class":54},[48,108811,134],{"class":62},[48,108813,26773],{"class":137},[48,108815,380],{"class":62},[20,108817,13792],{},[209,108819,108820,108826,108831],{},[212,108821,108822,108823],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108824,108825],{},"my_set.pop()",[212,108827,108828,108829],{},"It takes ",[166,108830,29221],{},[212,108832,108833],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108835,226],{},[39,108837,108839],{"className":41,"code":108838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108840,108841,108873,108887,108891,108901],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108842,108843,108845,108847,108849,108851,108853,108855,108857,108859,108861,108863,108865,108867,108869,108871],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108844,1119],{"class":54},[48,108846,59],{"class":58},[48,108848,63],{"class":62},[48,108850,67],{"class":66},[48,108852,1137],{"class":70},[48,108854,67],{"class":66},[48,108856,87],{"class":62},[48,108858,79],{"class":66},[48,108860,13848],{"class":70},[48,108862,67],{"class":66},[48,108864,87],{"class":62},[48,108866,79],{"class":66},[48,108868,18179],{"class":70},[48,108870,67],{"class":66},[48,108872,103],{"class":62},[48,108874,108875,108877,108879,108881,108883,108885],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108876,29071],{"class":54},[48,108878,59],{"class":58},[48,108880,13862],{"class":54},[48,108882,134],{"class":62},[48,108884,26773],{"class":137},[48,108886,380],{"class":62},[48,108888,108889],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,108890,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,108892,108893,108895,108897,108899],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,108894,276],{"class":147},[48,108896,151],{"class":62},[48,108898,1967],{"class":137},[48,108900,162],{"class":62},[48,108902,108903,108905,108907,108909],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,108904,276],{"class":147},[48,108906,151],{"class":62},[48,108908,1196],{"class":137},[48,108910,162],{"class":62},[34,108912,108914],{"id":108913},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108916,108917],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108919,579],{},[209,108921,108922,108928,108931],{},[212,108923,108924,108925,108927],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108926,13506],{}," removes",[212,108929,108930],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[212,108932,108933,108934,108936],{},"You should not use ",[15,108935,13506],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108938,11216,108939,108941],{},[166,108940,5413],{}," valid:",[39,108943,108945],{"className":41,"code":108944,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108946,108947,108979],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108948,108949,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961,108963,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975,108977],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108950,36778],{"class":54},[48,108952,59],{"class":58},[48,108954,63],{"class":62},[48,108956,67],{"class":66},[48,108958,1128],{"class":70},[48,108960,67],{"class":66},[48,108962,87],{"class":62},[48,108964,79],{"class":66},[48,108966,1146],{"class":70},[48,108968,67],{"class":66},[48,108970,87],{"class":62},[48,108972,79],{"class":66},[48,108974,4877],{"class":70},[48,108976,67],{"class":66},[48,108978,103],{"class":62},[48,108980,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,108982,36830],{"class":54},[48,108984,134],{"class":62},[48,108986,26773],{"class":137},[48,108988,151],{"class":62},[48,108990,67],{"class":66},[48,108992,1128],{"class":70},[48,108994,67],{"class":66},[48,108996,162],{"class":62},[20,108998,40195,108999,109001],{},[15,109000,108655],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,109003,109004,109005,352,109009,134],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[348,109006,109007],{"href":98763},[15,109008,103422],{},[348,109010,109012],{"href":109011},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,109013,103413],{},[34,109015,109017],{"id":109016},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,109019,109020],{},"Here is a simple example:",[39,109022,109024],{"className":41,"code":109023,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,109025,109026,109060,109064,109080,109084,109103],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109027,109028,109031,109033,109035,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045,109047,109049,109051,109053,109056,109058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109029,109030],{"class":54},"animals ",[48,109032,59],{"class":58},[48,109034,63],{"class":62},[48,109036,67],{"class":66},[48,109038,37587],{"class":70},[48,109040,67],{"class":66},[48,109042,87],{"class":62},[48,109044,79],{"class":66},[48,109046,58676],{"class":70},[48,109048,67],{"class":66},[48,109050,87],{"class":62},[48,109052,79],{"class":66},[48,109054,109055],{"class":70},"rabbit",[48,109057,67],{"class":66},[48,109059,103],{"class":62},[48,109061,109062],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109063,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,109065,109066,109069,109071,109074,109076,109078],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,109067,109068],{"class":54},"removed_animal ",[48,109070,59],{"class":58},[48,109072,109073],{"class":54}," animals",[48,109075,134],{"class":62},[48,109077,26773],{"class":137},[48,109079,380],{"class":62},[48,109081,109082],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,109083,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,109085,109086,109088,109090,109092,109094,109096,109098,109101],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,109087,276],{"class":147},[48,109089,151],{"class":62},[48,109091,67],{"class":66},[48,109093,29489],{"class":70},[48,109095,67],{"class":66},[48,109097,87],{"class":62},[48,109099,109100],{"class":137}," removed_animal",[48,109102,162],{"class":62},[48,109104,109105,109107,109109,109111,109114,109116,109118,109120],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,109106,276],{"class":147},[48,109108,151],{"class":62},[48,109110,67],{"class":66},[48,109112,109113],{"class":70},"Updated set:",[48,109115,67],{"class":66},[48,109117,87],{"class":62},[48,109119,109073],{"class":137},[48,109121,162],{"class":62},[20,109123,30563],{},[39,109125,109127],{"className":41,"code":109126,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,109128,109129,109138],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109130,109131,109133,109135],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109132,29531],{"class":54},[48,109134,76],{"class":62},[48,109136,109137],{"class":54}," dog\n",[48,109139,109140,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109141,109142],{"class":54},"Updated ",[48,109144,7062],{"class":281},[48,109146,76],{"class":62},[48,109148,63],{"class":62},[48,109150,311],{"class":66},[48,109152,37587],{"class":70},[48,109154,311],{"class":66},[48,109156,87],{"class":62},[48,109158,320],{"class":66},[48,109160,109055],{"class":70},[48,109162,311],{"class":66},[48,109164,103],{"class":62},[20,109166,109167],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[34,109169,109171],{"id":109170},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,109173,30183,109174,109176,109177,134],{},[15,109175,13506],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,109178,20408],{},[20,109180,226],{},[39,109182,109184],{"className":41,"code":109183,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,109185,109186,109196],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109187,109188,109190,109192,109194],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109189,8549],{"class":54},[48,109191,59],{"class":58},[48,109193,16362],{"class":281},[48,109195,380],{"class":62},[48,109197,109198,109200,109202,109204],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109199,138],{"class":54},[48,109201,134],{"class":62},[48,109203,26773],{"class":137},[48,109205,380],{"class":62},[20,109207,109208],{},"This raises:",[39,109210,109212],{"className":41,"code":109211,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,109213,109214],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109215,109216,109218,109220,109222,109225],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109217,20408],{"class":281},[48,109219,76],{"class":62},[48,109221,320],{"class":66},[48,109223,109224],{"class":70},"pop from an empty set",[48,109226,30233],{"class":66},[20,109228,109229,109230,109233],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[348,109231,109232],{"href":11826},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1752,109235,109237,109238],{"id":109236},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,109239,13506],{},[20,109241,109242],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[39,109244,109246],{"className":41,"code":109245,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,109247,109248,109258,109262,109270,109285,109304,109310],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109249,109250,109252,109254,109256],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109251,8549],{"class":54},[48,109253,59],{"class":58},[48,109255,16362],{"class":281},[48,109257,380],{"class":62},[48,109259,109260],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109261,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,109263,109264,109266,109268],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,109265,7767],{"class":116},[48,109267,6741],{"class":54},[48,109269,1053],{"class":62},[48,109271,109272,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,109273,109274],{"class":54},"    removed ",[48,109276,59],{"class":58},[48,109278,6741],{"class":54},[48,109280,134],{"class":62},[48,109282,26773],{"class":137},[48,109284,380],{"class":62},[48,109286,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109302],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,109288,148],{"class":147},[48,109290,151],{"class":62},[48,109292,67],{"class":66},[48,109294,29489],{"class":70},[48,109296,67],{"class":66},[48,109298,87],{"class":62},[48,109300,109301],{"class":137}," removed",[48,109303,162],{"class":62},[48,109305,109306,109308],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,109307,27966],{"class":116},[48,109309,1053],{"class":62},[48,109311,109312,109314,109316,109318,109321,109323],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,109313,148],{"class":147},[48,109315,151],{"class":62},[48,109317,67],{"class":66},[48,109319,109320],{"class":70},"The set is empty.",[48,109322,67],{"class":66},[48,109324,162],{"class":62},[1752,109326,189,109328,5174,109330],{"id":109327},"use-try-and-except",[15,109329,30337],{},[15,109331,30368],{},[20,109333,109334],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[39,109336,109338],{"className":41,"code":109337,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109339,109340,109350,109354,109360,109374,109392,109400],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109341,109342,109344,109346,109348],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109343,8549],{"class":54},[48,109345,59],{"class":58},[48,109347,16362],{"class":281},[48,109349,380],{"class":62},[48,109351,109352],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109353,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,109355,109356,109358],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,109357,30337],{"class":116},[48,109359,1053],{"class":62},[48,109361,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,109363,109274],{"class":54},[48,109365,59],{"class":58},[48,109367,6741],{"class":54},[48,109369,134],{"class":62},[48,109371,26773],{"class":137},[48,109373,380],{"class":62},[48,109375,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388,109390],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,109377,148],{"class":147},[48,109379,151],{"class":62},[48,109381,67],{"class":66},[48,109383,29489],{"class":70},[48,109385,67],{"class":66},[48,109387,87],{"class":62},[48,109389,109301],{"class":137},[48,109391,162],{"class":62},[48,109393,109394,109396,109398],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,109395,30368],{"class":116},[48,109397,30371],{"class":281},[48,109399,1053],{"class":62},[48,109401,109402,109404,109406,109408,109411,109413],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,109403,148],{"class":147},[48,109405,151],{"class":62},[48,109407,67],{"class":66},[48,109409,109410],{"class":70},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[48,109412,67],{"class":66},[48,109414,162],{"class":62},[34,109416,1545,109418,1306,109420,1306,109422],{"id":109417},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109419,13506],{},[15,109421,56077],{},[15,109423,103408],{},[20,109425,109426],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1752,109428,189,109430],{"id":109429},"use-pop",[15,109431,13506],{},[20,109433,189,109434,11355],{},[15,109435,13506],{},[209,109437,109438,109444,109447],{},[212,109439,109440,109441],{},"You want to remove ",[166,109442,109443],{},"any one item",[212,109445,109446],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[212,109448,109449],{},"You want the removed item returned",[39,109451,109453],{"className":41,"code":109452,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109454,109455,109475,109489],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109456,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109458,2232],{"class":54},[48,109460,59],{"class":58},[48,109462,63],{"class":62},[48,109464,3770],{"class":99},[48,109466,87],{"class":62},[48,109468,632],{"class":99},[48,109470,87],{"class":62},[48,109472,800],{"class":99},[48,109474,103],{"class":62},[48,109476,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109478,3231],{"class":54},[48,109480,59],{"class":58},[48,109482,2292],{"class":54},[48,109484,134],{"class":62},[48,109486,26773],{"class":137},[48,109488,380],{"class":62},[48,109490,109491,109493,109495,109497],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,109492,276],{"class":147},[48,109494,151],{"class":62},[48,109496,933],{"class":137},[48,109498,162],{"class":62},[1752,109500,189,109502],{"id":109501},"use-remove",[15,109503,56077],{},[20,109505,189,109506,11355],{},[15,109507,56077],{},[209,109509,109510,109516],{},[212,109511,109512,109513],{},"You want to delete a ",[166,109514,109515],{},"specific item",[212,109517,109518],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[39,109520,109522],{"className":41,"code":109521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109523,109524,109544,109558],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109525,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109527,2232],{"class":54},[48,109529,59],{"class":58},[48,109531,63],{"class":62},[48,109533,3770],{"class":99},[48,109535,87],{"class":62},[48,109537,632],{"class":99},[48,109539,87],{"class":62},[48,109541,800],{"class":99},[48,109543,103],{"class":62},[48,109545,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109547,2411],{"class":54},[48,109549,134],{"class":62},[48,109551,35331],{"class":137},[48,109553,151],{"class":62},[48,109555,2842],{"class":99},[48,109557,162],{"class":62},[48,109559,109560,109562,109564,109566],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,109561,276],{"class":147},[48,109563,151],{"class":62},[48,109565,2411],{"class":137},[48,109567,162],{"class":62},[20,109569,109570,109571,109573,109574,109578],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109572,56077],{}," raises an error. See the ",[348,109575,109576,2689],{"href":98763},[15,109577,103422],{}," for details.",[1752,109580,189,109582],{"id":109581},"use-discard",[15,109583,103408],{},[20,109585,189,109586,11355],{},[15,109587,103408],{},[209,109589,109590,109594],{},[212,109591,109512,109592],{},[166,109593,109515],{},[212,109595,109596,109597,109599],{},"You do ",[166,109598,5413],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[39,109601,109603],{"className":41,"code":109602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109604,109605,109625,109639],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109606,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109608,2232],{"class":54},[48,109610,59],{"class":58},[48,109612,63],{"class":62},[48,109614,3770],{"class":99},[48,109616,87],{"class":62},[48,109618,632],{"class":99},[48,109620,87],{"class":62},[48,109622,800],{"class":99},[48,109624,103],{"class":62},[48,109626,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109628,2411],{"class":54},[48,109630,134],{"class":62},[48,109632,103475],{"class":137},[48,109634,151],{"class":62},[48,109636,2921],{"class":99},[48,109638,162],{"class":62},[48,109640,109641,109643,109645,109647],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,109642,276],{"class":147},[48,109644,151],{"class":62},[48,109646,2411],{"class":137},[48,109648,162],{"class":62},[20,109650,109651,109652,109654,109655,109659],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109653,2921],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[348,109656,109657,2689],{"href":109011},[15,109658,103413],{}," for more examples.",[34,109661,1745],{"id":1744},[20,109663,72031,109664,76],{},[15,109665,108655],{},[209,109667,109668,109674,109679,109684],{},[212,109669,109670,109671],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109672,109673],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[212,109675,2015,109676,109678],{},[15,109677,13506],{}," to remove the first or last item",[212,109680,30183,109681,109683],{},[15,109682,13506],{}," on an empty set",[212,109685,9185,109686,109688],{},[15,109687,13506],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109690,62845],{},[39,109692,109694],{"className":41,"code":109693,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109695,109696,109706,109720,109734],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109697,109698,109700,109702,109704],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109699,276],{"class":147},[48,109701,151],{"class":62},[48,109703,16395],{"class":137},[48,109705,162],{"class":62},[48,109707,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109709,276],{"class":147},[48,109711,151],{"class":62},[48,109713,11914],{"class":147},[48,109715,151],{"class":62},[48,109717,16395],{"class":137},[48,109719,670],{"class":62},[48,109721,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,109723,276],{"class":147},[48,109725,151],{"class":62},[48,109727,2094],{"class":281},[48,109729,151],{"class":62},[48,109731,16395],{"class":137},[48,109733,670],{"class":62},[48,109735,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,109737,29071],{"class":54},[48,109739,59],{"class":58},[48,109741,97478],{"class":54},[48,109743,134],{"class":62},[48,109745,26773],{"class":137},[48,109747,380],{"class":62},[20,109749,26540],{},[209,109751,109752,109755,109758,109761],{},[212,109753,109754],{},"What values are in the set",[212,109756,109757],{},"Whether the set is empty",[212,109759,109760],{},"That the object is really a set",[212,109762,109763],{},"What value was actually removed",[34,109765,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,109767,2606,109769,109771],{"id":109768},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109770,108655],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109773,109774,109775,109777],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109776,13506],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1752,109779,109781,109782,2623],{"id":109780},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109783,108655],{},[20,109785,109786,109787,109789,109790,109792],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109788,13506],{},", set ",[15,109791,13506],{}," does not accept an index.",[1752,109794,109796],{"id":109795},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109798,72200,109799,45174,109801,109803],{},[15,109800,20408],{},[15,109802,13506],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1752,109805,109807],{"id":109806},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109809,189,109810,352,109812,11844,109814,134],{},[15,109811,56077],{},[15,109813,103408],{},[15,109815,13506],{},[34,109817,2679],{"id":2678},[209,109819,109820,109824,109830,109836,109840],{},[212,109821,109822],{},[348,109823,96882],{"href":98053},[212,109825,109826],{},[348,109827,97368,109828,2689],{"href":98763},[15,109829,56077],{},[212,109831,109832],{},[348,109833,97368,109834,2689],{"href":109011},[15,109835,103408],{},[212,109837,109838],{},[348,109839,12015],{"href":11826},[212,109841,109842],{},[348,109843,56063],{"href":55615},[2711,109845,109846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":109848},[109849,109850,109852,109853,109854,109855,109861,109870,109871,109879],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":108775,"depth":106,"text":109851},"What set.pop() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":108913,"depth":106,"text":108914},{"id":109016,"depth":106,"text":109017},{"id":109170,"depth":106,"text":109171,"children":109856},[109857,109859],{"id":109236,"depth":113,"text":109858},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109327,"depth":113,"text":109860},"Use try and except",{"id":109417,"depth":106,"text":109862,"children":109863},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109864,109866,109868],{"id":109429,"depth":113,"text":109865},"Use pop()",{"id":109501,"depth":113,"text":109867},"Use remove()",{"id":109581,"depth":113,"text":109869},"Use discard()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":109872},[109873,109875,109877,109878],{"id":109768,"depth":113,"text":109874},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109780,"depth":113,"text":109876},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109795,"depth":113,"text":109796},{"id":109806,"depth":113,"text":109807},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108643,"description":109880},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109887,"title":109888,"body":109889,"description":111043,"extension":2749,"meta":111044,"navigation":109,"path":111045,"seo":111046,"stem":111047,"__hash__":111048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109890,"toc":111011},[109891,109896,109901,109910,109912,109977,109981,110005,110012,110017,110021,110036,110039,110041,110060,110074,110077,110125,110129,110145,110147,110220,110224,110249,110255,110263,110267,110274,110329,110334,110351,110357,110363,110368,110376,110383,110387,110395,110450,110452,110469,110473,110480,110545,110549,110582,110584,110596,110603,110605,110610,110617,110619,110688,110692,110700,110702,110766,110770,110775,110822,110827,110895,110903,110910,110913,110919,110924,110928,110930,110933,110935,110940,110945,110951,110956,110963,110971,110977,110980,110982,111008],[10,109892,96754,109894,18],{"id":109893},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109895,56077],{},[20,109897,109898,109900],{},[15,109899,103422],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109902,109903,109904,109907,109908,134],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[166,109905,109906],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109909,20408],{},[34,109911,37],{"id":36},[39,109913,109915],{"className":41,"code":109914,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109916,109917,109949,109967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109918,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109920,1119],{"class":54},[48,109922,59],{"class":58},[48,109924,63],{"class":62},[48,109926,67],{"class":66},[48,109928,1137],{"class":70},[48,109930,67],{"class":66},[48,109932,87],{"class":62},[48,109934,79],{"class":66},[48,109936,13848],{"class":70},[48,109938,67],{"class":66},[48,109940,87],{"class":62},[48,109942,79],{"class":66},[48,109944,18179],{"class":70},[48,109946,67],{"class":66},[48,109948,103],{"class":62},[48,109950,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,109952,1196],{"class":54},[48,109954,134],{"class":62},[48,109956,35331],{"class":137},[48,109958,151],{"class":62},[48,109960,67],{"class":66},[48,109962,13848],{"class":70},[48,109964,67],{"class":66},[48,109966,162],{"class":62},[48,109968,109969,109971,109973,109975],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,109970,276],{"class":147},[48,109972,151],{"class":62},[48,109974,1196],{"class":137},[48,109976,162],{"class":62},[20,109978,109979],{},[166,109980,30563],{},[39,109982,109983],{"className":41,"code":104102,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,109984,109985],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109986,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109988,537],{"class":62},[48,109990,311],{"class":66},[48,109992,1137],{"class":70},[48,109994,311],{"class":66},[48,109996,87],{"class":62},[48,109998,320],{"class":66},[48,110000,18179],{"class":70},[48,110002,311],{"class":66},[48,110004,103],{"class":62},[20,110006,189,110007,110009,110010,134],{},[15,110008,56077],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,110011,20408],{},[34,110013,196,110015,199],{"id":110014},"what-setremove-does",[15,110016,103422],{},[20,110018,110019,76],{},[15,110020,103422],{},[209,110022,110023,110026,110028,110030],{},[212,110024,110025],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[212,110027,96869],{},[212,110029,96872],{},[212,110031,110032,110033,110035],{},"Raises ",[15,110034,20408],{}," if the value is missing",[20,110037,110038],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[34,110040,360],{"id":359},[39,110042,110044],{"className":41,"code":110043,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,110045,110046],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110047,110048,110050,110052,110054,110056,110058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110049,16395],{"class":54},[48,110051,134],{"class":62},[48,110053,35331],{"class":137},[48,110055,151],{"class":62},[48,110057,933],{"class":137},[48,110059,162],{"class":62},[209,110061,110062,110066,110071],{},[212,110063,110064,103644],{},[15,110065,16395],{},[212,110067,110068,110070],{},[15,110069,933],{}," is the item to remove",[212,110072,110073],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,110075,110076],{},"Here is a small example:",[39,110078,110079],{"className":41,"code":109521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,110080,110081,110101,110115],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110082,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110084,2232],{"class":54},[48,110086,59],{"class":58},[48,110088,63],{"class":62},[48,110090,3770],{"class":99},[48,110092,87],{"class":62},[48,110094,632],{"class":99},[48,110096,87],{"class":62},[48,110098,800],{"class":99},[48,110100,103],{"class":62},[48,110102,110103,110105,110107,110109,110111,110113],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110104,2411],{"class":54},[48,110106,134],{"class":62},[48,110108,35331],{"class":137},[48,110110,151],{"class":62},[48,110112,2842],{"class":99},[48,110114,162],{"class":62},[48,110116,110117,110119,110121,110123],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,110118,276],{"class":147},[48,110120,151],{"class":62},[48,110122,2411],{"class":137},[48,110124,162],{"class":62},[20,110126,110127],{},[166,110128,30563],{},[39,110130,110131],{"className":41,"code":101852,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,110132,110133],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110134,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110136,537],{"class":62},[48,110138,3770],{"class":99},[48,110140,87],{"class":62},[48,110142,800],{"class":99},[48,110144,103],{"class":62},[34,110146,12225],{"id":12224},[39,110148,110150],{"className":41,"code":110149,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,110151,110152,110184,110188,110206,110210],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110153,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110155,36778],{"class":54},[48,110157,59],{"class":58},[48,110159,63],{"class":62},[48,110161,67],{"class":66},[48,110163,1128],{"class":70},[48,110165,67],{"class":66},[48,110167,87],{"class":62},[48,110169,79],{"class":66},[48,110171,1146],{"class":70},[48,110173,67],{"class":66},[48,110175,87],{"class":62},[48,110177,79],{"class":66},[48,110179,33756],{"class":70},[48,110181,67],{"class":66},[48,110183,103],{"class":62},[48,110185,110186],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110187,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,110189,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,110191,36830],{"class":54},[48,110193,134],{"class":62},[48,110195,35331],{"class":137},[48,110197,151],{"class":62},[48,110199,67],{"class":66},[48,110201,1146],{"class":70},[48,110203,67],{"class":66},[48,110205,162],{"class":62},[48,110207,110208],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,110209,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,110211,110212,110214,110216,110218],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,110213,276],{"class":147},[48,110215,151],{"class":62},[48,110217,36830],{"class":137},[48,110219,162],{"class":62},[20,110221,110222],{},[166,110223,30563],{},[39,110225,110227],{"className":41,"code":110226,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,110228,110229],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110230,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243,110245,110247],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110232,537],{"class":62},[48,110234,311],{"class":66},[48,110236,1128],{"class":70},[48,110238,311],{"class":66},[48,110240,87],{"class":62},[48,110242,320],{"class":66},[48,110244,33756],{"class":70},[48,110246,311],{"class":66},[48,110248,103],{"class":62},[20,110250,110251,110252,110254],{},"This removes ",[15,110253,65825],{}," from the set.",[20,110256,110257,110258,110260,110261,134],{},"A set does ",[166,110259,5413],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[348,110262,96886],{"href":98437},[34,110264,110266],{"id":110265},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,110268,110269,110270,53042,110272,134],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110271,56077],{},[15,110273,20408],{},[39,110275,110277],{"className":41,"code":110276,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110278,110279,110311],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110280,110281,110283,110285,110287,110289,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305,110307,110309],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110282,1119],{"class":54},[48,110284,59],{"class":58},[48,110286,63],{"class":62},[48,110288,67],{"class":66},[48,110290,1137],{"class":70},[48,110292,67],{"class":66},[48,110294,87],{"class":62},[48,110296,79],{"class":66},[48,110298,13848],{"class":70},[48,110300,67],{"class":66},[48,110302,87],{"class":62},[48,110304,79],{"class":66},[48,110306,18179],{"class":70},[48,110308,67],{"class":66},[48,110310,103],{"class":62},[48,110312,110313,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325,110327],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110314,1196],{"class":54},[48,110316,134],{"class":62},[48,110318,35331],{"class":137},[48,110320,151],{"class":62},[48,110322,67],{"class":66},[48,110324,1155],{"class":70},[48,110326,67],{"class":66},[48,110328,162],{"class":62},[20,110330,110331],{},[166,110332,110333],{},"Result:",[39,110335,110337],{"className":41,"code":110336,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110338,110339],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110340,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110342,20408],{"class":281},[48,110344,76],{"class":62},[48,110346,320],{"class":66},[48,110348,1155],{"class":70},[48,110350,30233],{"class":66},[20,110352,805,110353,110356],{},[15,110354,110355],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110358,110359,110360,110362],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110361,56077],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110364,110365,110366,134],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[348,110367,12015],{"href":11826},[34,110369,4979,110371,110373,110374],{"id":110370},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110372,56077],{}," is different from ",[15,110375,103408],{},[20,110377,110378,5174,110380,110382],{},[15,110379,56077],{},[15,110381,103408],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1752,110384,110385],{"id":35331},[15,110386,56077],{},[209,110388,110389,110392],{},[212,110390,110391],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[212,110393,110394],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[39,110396,110398],{"className":41,"code":110397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110399,110400,110432],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110401,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420,110422,110424,110426,110428,110430],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110403,36629],{"class":54},[48,110405,59],{"class":58},[48,110407,63],{"class":62},[48,110409,67],{"class":66},[48,110411,348],{"class":70},[48,110413,67],{"class":66},[48,110415,87],{"class":62},[48,110417,79],{"class":66},[48,110419,2059],{"class":70},[48,110421,67],{"class":66},[48,110423,87],{"class":62},[48,110425,79],{"class":66},[48,110427,2265],{"class":70},[48,110429,67],{"class":66},[48,110431,103],{"class":62},[48,110433,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442,110444,110446,110448],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110435,36682],{"class":54},[48,110437,134],{"class":62},[48,110439,35331],{"class":137},[48,110441,151],{"class":62},[48,110443,67],{"class":66},[48,110445,2324],{"class":70},[48,110447,67],{"class":66},[48,110449,162],{"class":62},[20,110451,109208],{},[39,110453,110455],{"className":41,"code":110454,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110456,110457],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110458,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110460,20408],{"class":281},[48,110462,76],{"class":62},[48,110464,320],{"class":66},[48,110466,2324],{"class":70},[48,110468,30233],{"class":66},[1752,110470,110471],{"id":103475},[15,110472,103408],{},[209,110474,110475,110477],{},[212,110476,110391],{},[212,110478,110479],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[39,110481,110483],{"className":41,"code":110482,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110484,110485,110517,110535],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110486,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110488,36629],{"class":54},[48,110490,59],{"class":58},[48,110492,63],{"class":62},[48,110494,67],{"class":66},[48,110496,348],{"class":70},[48,110498,67],{"class":66},[48,110500,87],{"class":62},[48,110502,79],{"class":66},[48,110504,2059],{"class":70},[48,110506,67],{"class":66},[48,110508,87],{"class":62},[48,110510,79],{"class":66},[48,110512,2265],{"class":70},[48,110514,67],{"class":66},[48,110516,103],{"class":62},[48,110518,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110520,36682],{"class":54},[48,110522,134],{"class":62},[48,110524,103475],{"class":137},[48,110526,151],{"class":62},[48,110528,67],{"class":66},[48,110530,2324],{"class":70},[48,110532,67],{"class":66},[48,110534,162],{"class":62},[48,110536,110537,110539,110541,110543],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,110538,276],{"class":147},[48,110540,151],{"class":62},[48,110542,36682],{"class":137},[48,110544,162],{"class":62},[20,110546,110547],{},[166,110548,168],{},[39,110550,110552],{"className":41,"code":110551,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110553,110554],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110555,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566,110568,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110557,537],{"class":62},[48,110559,311],{"class":66},[48,110561,348],{"class":70},[48,110563,311],{"class":66},[48,110565,87],{"class":62},[48,110567,320],{"class":66},[48,110569,2059],{"class":70},[48,110571,311],{"class":66},[48,110573,87],{"class":62},[48,110575,320],{"class":66},[48,110577,2265],{"class":70},[48,110579,311],{"class":66},[48,110581,103],{"class":62},[20,110583,19416],{},[209,110585,110586,110591],{},[212,110587,110588,110590],{},[15,110589,56077],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[212,110592,110593,110595],{},[15,110594,103408],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110597,110598,110599,134],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[348,110600,97368,110601,2689],{"href":109011},[15,110602,103408],{},[34,110604,5300],{"id":5299},[1752,110606,2015,110608,97748],{"id":110607},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110609,56077],{},[20,110611,110612,110614,110615,134],{},[15,110613,56077],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110616,4560],{},[20,110618,17372],{},[39,110620,110622],{"className":41,"code":110621,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110623,110624,110656,110678],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110625,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110627,1119],{"class":54},[48,110629,59],{"class":58},[48,110631,63],{"class":62},[48,110633,67],{"class":66},[48,110635,1137],{"class":70},[48,110637,67],{"class":66},[48,110639,87],{"class":62},[48,110641,79],{"class":66},[48,110643,13848],{"class":70},[48,110645,67],{"class":66},[48,110647,87],{"class":62},[48,110649,79],{"class":66},[48,110651,18179],{"class":70},[48,110653,67],{"class":66},[48,110655,103],{"class":62},[48,110657,110658,110660,110662,110664,110666,110668,110670,110672,110674,110676],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110659,13857],{"class":54},[48,110661,59],{"class":58},[48,110663,13862],{"class":54},[48,110665,134],{"class":62},[48,110667,35331],{"class":137},[48,110669,151],{"class":62},[48,110671,67],{"class":66},[48,110673,13848],{"class":70},[48,110675,67],{"class":66},[48,110677,162],{"class":62},[48,110679,110680,110682,110684,110686],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,110681,276],{"class":147},[48,110683,151],{"class":62},[48,110685,13881],{"class":137},[48,110687,162],{"class":62},[20,110689,110690],{},[166,110691,168],{},[39,110693,110694],{"className":41,"code":12553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,110695,110696],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110697,110698],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110699,12553],{"class":1642},[20,110701,17384],{},[39,110703,110704],{"className":41,"code":109914,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,110705,110706,110738,110756],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110707,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110726,110728,110730,110732,110734,110736],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110709,1119],{"class":54},[48,110711,59],{"class":58},[48,110713,63],{"class":62},[48,110715,67],{"class":66},[48,110717,1137],{"class":70},[48,110719,67],{"class":66},[48,110721,87],{"class":62},[48,110723,79],{"class":66},[48,110725,13848],{"class":70},[48,110727,67],{"class":66},[48,110729,87],{"class":62},[48,110731,79],{"class":66},[48,110733,18179],{"class":70},[48,110735,67],{"class":66},[48,110737,103],{"class":62},[48,110739,110740,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110741,1196],{"class":54},[48,110743,134],{"class":62},[48,110745,35331],{"class":137},[48,110747,151],{"class":62},[48,110749,67],{"class":66},[48,110751,13848],{"class":70},[48,110753,67],{"class":66},[48,110755,162],{"class":62},[48,110757,110758,110760,110762,110764],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,110759,276],{"class":147},[48,110761,151],{"class":62},[48,110763,1196],{"class":137},[48,110765,162],{"class":62},[1752,110767,110769],{"id":110768},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110771,110772,110773,134],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110774,20408],{},[39,110776,110778],{"className":41,"code":110777,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110779,110780,110804],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110781,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110792,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110783,1119],{"class":54},[48,110785,59],{"class":58},[48,110787,63],{"class":62},[48,110789,67],{"class":66},[48,110791,1137],{"class":70},[48,110793,67],{"class":66},[48,110795,87],{"class":62},[48,110797,79],{"class":66},[48,110799,13848],{"class":70},[48,110801,67],{"class":66},[48,110803,103],{"class":62},[48,110805,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110807,1196],{"class":54},[48,110809,134],{"class":62},[48,110811,35331],{"class":137},[48,110813,151],{"class":62},[48,110815,67],{"class":66},[48,110817,18179],{"class":70},[48,110819,67],{"class":66},[48,110821,162],{"class":62},[20,110823,110824,110825,76],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110826,128],{},[39,110828,110830],{"className":41,"code":110829,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110831,110832,110856,110860,110876],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110833,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110835,1119],{"class":54},[48,110837,59],{"class":58},[48,110839,63],{"class":62},[48,110841,67],{"class":66},[48,110843,1137],{"class":70},[48,110845,67],{"class":66},[48,110847,87],{"class":62},[48,110849,79],{"class":66},[48,110851,13848],{"class":70},[48,110853,67],{"class":66},[48,110855,103],{"class":62},[48,110857,110858],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,110859,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,110861,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,110863,7767],{"class":116},[48,110865,79],{"class":66},[48,110867,18179],{"class":70},[48,110869,67],{"class":66},[48,110871,21891],{"class":58},[48,110873,13862],{"class":54},[48,110875,1053],{"class":62},[48,110877,110878,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,110879,110880],{"class":54},"    colors",[48,110882,134],{"class":62},[48,110884,35331],{"class":137},[48,110886,151],{"class":62},[48,110888,67],{"class":66},[48,110890,18179],{"class":70},[48,110892,67],{"class":66},[48,110894,162],{"class":62},[20,110896,110897,110898,110902],{},"Or use ",[348,110899,110900],{"href":109011},[15,110901,103408],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1752,110904,37744,110906,9471,110908],{"id":110905},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110907,103422],{},[15,110909,55623],{},[20,110911,110912],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110914,110915,110916,110918],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110917,103422],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110920,110921,110922,134],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[348,110923,99632],{"href":99631},[1752,110925,110927],{"id":110926},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110929,108917],{},[20,110931,110932],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[34,110934,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,110936,2606,110938,97847],{"id":110937},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110939,103422],{},[20,110941,110942,110943,134],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110944,4560],{},[1752,110946,30821,110948,110950],{"id":110947},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110949,103422],{}," raise?",[20,110952,30827,110953,110955],{},[15,110954,20408],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1752,110957,22138,110959,352,110961,2623],{"id":110958},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110960,56077],{},[15,110962,103408],{},[20,110964,189,110965,110967,110968,110970],{},[15,110966,56077],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110969,103408],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1752,110972,5947,110974,110976],{"id":110973},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110975,103422],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110978,110979],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[34,110981,2679],{"id":2678},[209,110983,110984,110990,110996,111000,111004],{},[212,110985,110986],{},[348,110987,97368,110988,2689],{"href":109011},[15,110989,103408],{},[212,110991,110992],{},[348,110993,97368,110994,2689],{"href":98768},[15,110995,13506],{},[212,110997,110998],{},[348,110999,97892],{"href":98437},[212,111001,111002],{},[348,111003,100898],{"href":99631},[212,111005,111006],{},[348,111007,12015],{"href":11826},[2711,111009,111010],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":111012},[111013,111014,111016,111017,111018,111019,111024,111032,111042],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":110014,"depth":106,"text":111015},"What set.remove() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":110265,"depth":106,"text":110266},{"id":110370,"depth":106,"text":111020,"children":111021},"How remove() is different from discard()",[111022,111023],{"id":35331,"depth":113,"text":56077},{"id":103475,"depth":113,"text":103408},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":111025},[111026,111028,111029,111031],{"id":110607,"depth":113,"text":111027},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110768,"depth":113,"text":110769},{"id":110905,"depth":113,"text":111030},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110926,"depth":113,"text":110927},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":111033},[111034,111036,111038,111040],{"id":110937,"depth":113,"text":111035},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110947,"depth":113,"text":111037},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110958,"depth":113,"text":111039},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110973,"depth":113,"text":111041},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109888,"description":111043},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":111050,"title":111051,"body":111052,"description":112425,"extension":2749,"meta":112426,"navigation":109,"path":112427,"seo":112428,"stem":112429,"__hash__":112430},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":111053,"toc":112400},[111054,111060,111066,111069,111072,111086,111088,111169,111172,111177,111181,111195,111202,111204,111223,111226,111244,111246,111326,111328,111353,111357,111360,111368,111373,111378,111380,111393,111398,111401,111425,111428,111436,111438,111441,111538,111540,111573,111575,111601,111608,111611,111615,111623,111627,111635,111637,111727,111729,111743,111750,111755,111760,111762,111853,111855,111867,111869,111883,111889,111897,111899,111981,111983,112028,112031,112039,112042,112044,112048,112091,112093,112113,112118,112120,112205,112207,112212,112214,112221,112229,112235,112238,112240,112326,112328,112352,112356,112359,112361,112388,112398],[10,111055,96754,111057,18],{"id":111056},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,111058,111059],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,111061,111062,111065],{},[15,111063,111064],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,111067,111068],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,111070,111071],{},"Use it when:",[209,111073,111074,111077,111083],{},[212,111075,111076],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[212,111078,111079,111080,111082],{},"you do ",[166,111081,5413],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[212,111084,111085],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[34,111087,4390],{"id":4389},[39,111089,111091],{"className":41,"code":111090,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111092,111093,111113,111133,111137,111156],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111094,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111096,3338],{"class":54},[48,111098,59],{"class":58},[48,111100,63],{"class":62},[48,111102,3770],{"class":99},[48,111104,87],{"class":62},[48,111106,632],{"class":99},[48,111108,87],{"class":62},[48,111110,800],{"class":99},[48,111112,103],{"class":62},[48,111114,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,111116,3365],{"class":54},[48,111118,59],{"class":58},[48,111120,63],{"class":62},[48,111122,2848],{"class":99},[48,111124,87],{"class":62},[48,111126,3241],{"class":99},[48,111128,87],{"class":62},[48,111130,5387],{"class":99},[48,111132,103],{"class":62},[48,111134,111135],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,111136,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,111138,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111150,111152,111154],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,111140,449],{"class":54},[48,111142,59],{"class":58},[48,111144,57436],{"class":54},[48,111146,134],{"class":62},[48,111148,111149],{"class":137},"symmetric_difference",[48,111151,151],{"class":62},[48,111153,2059],{"class":137},[48,111155,162],{"class":62},[48,111157,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,111159,276],{"class":147},[48,111161,151],{"class":62},[48,111163,474],{"class":137},[48,111165,4442],{"class":62},[48,111167,111168],{"class":4445},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,111170,111171],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[34,111173,196,111175,199],{"id":111174},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,111176,111059],{},[20,111178,111179,76],{},[15,111180,111064],{},[209,111182,111183,111186,111189,111192],{},[212,111184,111185],{},"returns a new set",[212,111187,111188],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[212,111190,111191],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[212,111193,111194],{},"does not change the original set",[20,111196,96878,111197,352,111199,134],{},[348,111198,96882],{"href":96881},[348,111200,111201],{"href":96885},"creating a set in Python",[34,111203,360],{"id":359},[39,111205,111207],{"className":41,"code":111206,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,111208,111209],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111210,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111212,101139],{"class":54},[48,111214,134],{"class":62},[48,111216,111149],{"class":137},[48,111218,151],{"class":62},[48,111220,101148],{"class":137},[48,111222,162],{"class":62},[20,111224,111225],{},"Notes:",[209,111227,111228,111233,111238,111241],{},[212,111229,111230,111232],{},[15,111231,101139],{}," must be a set",[212,111234,111235,111237],{},[15,111236,101148],{}," can be any iterable",[212,111239,111240],{},"the result is always a set",[212,111242,111243],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,111245,226],{},[39,111247,111249],{"className":41,"code":111248,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111250,111251,111272,111293,111297,111316],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111252,111253,111256,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268,111270],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111254,111255],{"class":54},"set1 ",[48,111257,59],{"class":58},[48,111259,63],{"class":62},[48,111261,3770],{"class":99},[48,111263,87],{"class":62},[48,111265,632],{"class":99},[48,111267,87],{"class":62},[48,111269,800],{"class":99},[48,111271,103],{"class":62},[48,111273,111274,111277,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,111275,111276],{"class":54},"set2 ",[48,111278,59],{"class":58},[48,111280,63],{"class":62},[48,111282,2848],{"class":99},[48,111284,87],{"class":62},[48,111286,3241],{"class":99},[48,111288,87],{"class":62},[48,111290,5387],{"class":99},[48,111292,103],{"class":62},[48,111294,111295],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,111296,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,111298,111299,111301,111303,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,111300,449],{"class":54},[48,111302,59],{"class":58},[48,111304,111305],{"class":54}," set1",[48,111307,134],{"class":62},[48,111309,111149],{"class":137},[48,111311,151],{"class":62},[48,111313,101148],{"class":137},[48,111315,162],{"class":62},[48,111317,111318,111320,111322,111324],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,111319,276],{"class":147},[48,111321,151],{"class":62},[48,111323,474],{"class":137},[48,111325,162],{"class":62},[20,111327,168],{},[39,111329,111331],{"className":41,"code":111330,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111332,111333],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111334,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111336,537],{"class":62},[48,111338,3770],{"class":99},[48,111340,87],{"class":62},[48,111342,632],{"class":99},[48,111344,87],{"class":62},[48,111346,3241],{"class":99},[48,111348,87],{"class":62},[48,111350,5387],{"class":99},[48,111352,103],{"class":62},[34,111354,111356],{"id":111355},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111358,111359],{},"The result includes:",[209,111361,111362,111365],{},[212,111363,111364],{},"items only in the first set",[212,111366,111367],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111369,111370,111371,11835],{},"The result does ",[166,111372,5413],{},[209,111374,111375],{},[212,111376,111377],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111379,6249],{},[209,111381,111382,111387],{},[212,111383,111384,111385],{},"first set: ",[15,111386,100836],{},[212,111388,111389,111390],{},"second set: ",[15,111391,111392],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111394,4831,111395,111397],{},[15,111396,2848],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111399,111400],{},"The output is:",[39,111402,111403],{"className":41,"code":111330,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,111404,111405],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111406,111407,111409,111411,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111408,537],{"class":62},[48,111410,3770],{"class":99},[48,111412,87],{"class":62},[48,111414,632],{"class":99},[48,111416,87],{"class":62},[48,111418,3241],{"class":99},[48,111420,87],{"class":62},[48,111422,5387],{"class":99},[48,111424,103],{"class":62},[20,111426,111427],{},"Also remember:",[209,111429,111430,111433],{},[212,111431,111432],{},"sets are unordered",[212,111434,111435],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[34,111437,12225],{"id":12224},[20,111439,111440],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[39,111442,111444],{"className":41,"code":111443,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111445,111446,111478,111502,111506,111524,111528],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111447,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111449,107579],{"class":54},[48,111451,59],{"class":58},[48,111453,63],{"class":62},[48,111455,67],{"class":66},[48,111457,1137],{"class":70},[48,111459,67],{"class":66},[48,111461,87],{"class":62},[48,111463,79],{"class":66},[48,111465,13848],{"class":70},[48,111467,67],{"class":66},[48,111469,87],{"class":62},[48,111471,79],{"class":66},[48,111473,18179],{"class":70},[48,111475,67],{"class":66},[48,111477,103],{"class":62},[48,111479,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498,111500],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,111481,107612],{"class":54},[48,111483,59],{"class":58},[48,111485,63],{"class":62},[48,111487,67],{"class":66},[48,111489,18179],{"class":70},[48,111491,67],{"class":66},[48,111493,87],{"class":62},[48,111495,79],{"class":66},[48,111497,1155],{"class":70},[48,111499,67],{"class":66},[48,111501,103],{"class":62},[48,111503,111504],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,111505,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,111507,111508,111510,111512,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,111509,449],{"class":54},[48,111511,59],{"class":58},[48,111513,107654],{"class":54},[48,111515,134],{"class":62},[48,111517,111149],{"class":137},[48,111519,151],{"class":62},[48,111521,107663],{"class":137},[48,111523,162],{"class":62},[48,111525,111526],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,111527,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,111529,111530,111532,111534,111536],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,111531,276],{"class":147},[48,111533,151],{"class":62},[48,111535,474],{"class":137},[48,111537,162],{"class":62},[20,111539,168],{},[39,111541,111543],{"className":41,"code":111542,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111544,111545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111546,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111548,537],{"class":62},[48,111550,311],{"class":66},[48,111552,1137],{"class":70},[48,111554,311],{"class":66},[48,111556,87],{"class":62},[48,111558,320],{"class":66},[48,111560,13848],{"class":70},[48,111562,311],{"class":66},[48,111564,87],{"class":62},[48,111566,320],{"class":66},[48,111568,1155],{"class":70},[48,111570,311],{"class":66},[48,111572,103],{"class":62},[20,111574,14144],{},[209,111576,111577,111582,111593],{},[212,111578,111579,111581],{},[15,111580,97047],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[212,111583,111584,5174,111586,111589,111590,111592],{},[15,111585,65943],{},[15,111587,111588],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111591,107716],{},", so they stay",[212,111594,111595,111597,111598,111600],{},[15,111596,110355],{}," is only in ",[15,111599,107663],{},", so it stays",[34,111602,111604,1306,111606],{"id":111603},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111605,111059],{},[15,111607,100968],{},[20,111609,111610],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111612,111613,76],{},[15,111614,100968],{},[209,111616,111617,111620],{},[212,111618,111619],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[212,111621,111622],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111624,111625,76],{},[15,111626,111059],{},[209,111628,111629,111632],{},[212,111630,111631],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[212,111633,111634],{},"removes shared items",[20,111636,226],{},[39,111638,111640],{"className":41,"code":111639,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111641,111642,111662,111682,111686,111707],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111643,111644,111646,111648,111650,111652,111654,111656,111658,111660],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111645,3338],{"class":54},[48,111647,59],{"class":58},[48,111649,63],{"class":62},[48,111651,3770],{"class":99},[48,111653,87],{"class":62},[48,111655,632],{"class":99},[48,111657,87],{"class":62},[48,111659,800],{"class":99},[48,111661,103],{"class":62},[48,111663,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,111665,3365],{"class":54},[48,111667,59],{"class":58},[48,111669,63],{"class":62},[48,111671,2848],{"class":99},[48,111673,87],{"class":62},[48,111675,3241],{"class":99},[48,111677,87],{"class":62},[48,111679,5387],{"class":99},[48,111681,103],{"class":62},[48,111683,111684],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,111685,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,111687,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,111689,276],{"class":147},[48,111691,151],{"class":62},[48,111693,348],{"class":137},[48,111695,134],{"class":62},[48,111697,3594],{"class":137},[48,111699,151],{"class":62},[48,111701,2059],{"class":137},[48,111703,6139],{"class":62},[48,111705,111706],{"class":4445},"            # {1, 2}\n",[48,111708,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,111710,276],{"class":147},[48,111712,151],{"class":62},[48,111714,348],{"class":137},[48,111716,134],{"class":62},[48,111718,111149],{"class":137},[48,111720,151],{"class":62},[48,111722,2059],{"class":137},[48,111724,6139],{"class":62},[48,111726,111168],{"class":4445},[20,111728,19416],{},[209,111730,111731,111738],{},[212,111732,111733,111737],{},[348,111734,111735],{"href":103394},[15,111736,100968],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[212,111739,111740,111742],{},[15,111741,111059],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[34,111744,111746,1306,111748],{"id":111745},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111747,111059],{},[15,111749,103353],{},[20,111751,111752,111754],{},[15,111753,103353],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111756,111757,111759],{},[15,111758,111059],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111761,226],{},[39,111763,111765],{"className":41,"code":111764,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111766,111767,111787,111807,111811,111833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111768,111769,111771,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111770,3338],{"class":54},[48,111772,59],{"class":58},[48,111774,63],{"class":62},[48,111776,3770],{"class":99},[48,111778,87],{"class":62},[48,111780,632],{"class":99},[48,111782,87],{"class":62},[48,111784,800],{"class":99},[48,111786,103],{"class":62},[48,111788,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,111790,3365],{"class":54},[48,111792,59],{"class":58},[48,111794,63],{"class":62},[48,111796,2848],{"class":99},[48,111798,87],{"class":62},[48,111800,3241],{"class":99},[48,111802,87],{"class":62},[48,111804,5387],{"class":99},[48,111806,103],{"class":62},[48,111808,111809],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,111810,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,111812,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111824,111826,111828,111830],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,111814,276],{"class":147},[48,111816,151],{"class":62},[48,111818,348],{"class":137},[48,111820,134],{"class":62},[48,111822,111823],{"class":137},"union",[48,111825,151],{"class":62},[48,111827,2059],{"class":137},[48,111829,6139],{"class":62},[48,111831,111832],{"class":4445},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[48,111834,111835,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,111836,276],{"class":147},[48,111838,151],{"class":62},[48,111840,348],{"class":137},[48,111842,134],{"class":62},[48,111844,111149],{"class":137},[48,111846,151],{"class":62},[48,111848,2059],{"class":137},[48,111850,6139],{"class":62},[48,111852,111168],{"class":4445},[20,111854,27753],{},[209,111856,111857,111862],{},[212,111858,111859,111861],{},[15,111860,103353],{}," includes everything",[212,111863,111864,111866],{},[15,111865,111059],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111868,19416],{},[209,111870,111871,111878],{},[212,111872,111873,111877],{},[348,111874,111875],{"href":108284},[15,111876,103353],{}," when overlap does not matter",[212,111879,111880,111882],{},[15,111881,111059],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[34,111884,37152,111886,102152],{"id":111885},"using-the-operator",[15,111887,111888],{},"^",[20,111890,111891,111892,111894,111895,134],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111893,111888],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111896,111059],{},[20,111898,226],{},[39,111900,111902],{"className":41,"code":111901,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111903,111904,111924,111944,111948,111966],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111905,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111907,111255],{"class":54},[48,111909,59],{"class":58},[48,111911,63],{"class":62},[48,111913,3770],{"class":99},[48,111915,87],{"class":62},[48,111917,632],{"class":99},[48,111919,87],{"class":62},[48,111921,800],{"class":99},[48,111923,103],{"class":62},[48,111925,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,111927,111276],{"class":54},[48,111929,59],{"class":58},[48,111931,63],{"class":62},[48,111933,2848],{"class":99},[48,111935,87],{"class":62},[48,111937,3241],{"class":99},[48,111939,87],{"class":62},[48,111941,5387],{"class":99},[48,111943,103],{"class":62},[48,111945,111946],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,111947,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,111949,111950,111952,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,111951,276],{"class":147},[48,111953,151],{"class":62},[48,111955,101139],{"class":137},[48,111957,134],{"class":62},[48,111959,111149],{"class":137},[48,111961,151],{"class":62},[48,111963,101148],{"class":137},[48,111965,670],{"class":62},[48,111967,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976,111979],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,111969,276],{"class":147},[48,111971,151],{"class":62},[48,111973,111255],{"class":137},[48,111975,111888],{"class":58},[48,111977,111978],{"class":137}," set2",[48,111980,162],{"class":62},[20,111982,30563],{},[39,111984,111986],{"className":41,"code":111985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111987,111988,112008],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111989,111990,111992,111994,111996,111998,112000,112002,112004,112006],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111991,537],{"class":62},[48,111993,3770],{"class":99},[48,111995,87],{"class":62},[48,111997,632],{"class":99},[48,111999,87],{"class":62},[48,112001,3241],{"class":99},[48,112003,87],{"class":62},[48,112005,5387],{"class":99},[48,112007,103],{"class":62},[48,112009,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,112011,537],{"class":62},[48,112013,3770],{"class":99},[48,112015,87],{"class":62},[48,112017,632],{"class":99},[48,112019,87],{"class":62},[48,112021,3241],{"class":99},[48,112023,87],{"class":62},[48,112025,5387],{"class":99},[48,112027,103],{"class":62},[20,112029,112030],{},"Both forms:",[209,112032,112033,112036],{},[212,112034,112035],{},"return a new set",[212,112037,112038],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,112040,112041],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[34,112043,5300],{"id":5299},[20,112045,21929,112046,76],{},[15,112047,111059],{},[209,112049,112050,112058,112068,112083],{},[212,112051,112052,112055,112057],{},[166,112053,112054],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10601,112056],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[212,112059,112060,112063,112065,112067],{},[166,112061,112062],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10601,112064],{},[15,112066,111059],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[212,112069,112070,112075,112077,112079,112080,112082],{},[166,112071,112072,112073],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,112074,100968],{},[10601,112076],{},[15,112078,100968],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,112081,111059],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[212,112084,112085,112088,112090],{},[166,112086,112087],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10601,112089],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,112092,59411],{},[209,112094,112095,112104,112107,112110],{},[212,112096,51038,112097,45174,112099,112103],{},[15,112098,111059],{},[348,112100,112101],{"href":108284},[15,112102,103353],{}," is actually needed",[212,112105,112106],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[212,112108,112109],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[212,112111,112112],{},"being confused by output order",[20,112114,112115,112116,134],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[348,112117,99632],{"href":105897},[20,112119,62845],{},[39,112121,112123],{"className":41,"code":112122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,112124,112125,112135,112145,112163,112177,112191],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112126,112127,112129,112131,112133],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112128,276],{"class":147},[48,112130,151],{"class":62},[48,112132,101139],{"class":137},[48,112134,162],{"class":62},[48,112136,112137,112139,112141,112143],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,112138,276],{"class":147},[48,112140,151],{"class":62},[48,112142,101148],{"class":137},[48,112144,162],{"class":62},[48,112146,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157,112159,112161],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,112148,276],{"class":147},[48,112150,151],{"class":62},[48,112152,101139],{"class":137},[48,112154,134],{"class":62},[48,112156,111149],{"class":137},[48,112158,151],{"class":62},[48,112160,101148],{"class":137},[48,112162,670],{"class":62},[48,112164,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,112166,276],{"class":147},[48,112168,151],{"class":62},[48,112170,111255],{"class":137},[48,112172,111888],{"class":58},[48,112174,111978],{"class":137},[48,112176,162],{"class":62},[48,112178,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,112180,276],{"class":147},[48,112182,151],{"class":62},[48,112184,2094],{"class":281},[48,112186,151],{"class":62},[48,112188,101139],{"class":137},[48,112190,670],{"class":62},[48,112192,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,112194,276],{"class":147},[48,112196,151],{"class":62},[48,112198,2094],{"class":281},[48,112200,151],{"class":62},[48,112202,101148],{"class":137},[48,112204,670],{"class":62},[34,112206,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,112208,2606,112210,103293],{"id":112209},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,112211,111059],{},[20,112213,103296],{},[1752,112215,5957,112217,5174,112219,2623],{"id":112216},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,112218,111059],{},[15,112220,100968],{},[20,112222,112223,112225,112226,112228],{},[15,112224,100968],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,112227,111059],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1752,112230,28861,112232,112234],{"id":112231},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,112233,111059],{}," with lists?",[20,112236,112237],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,112239,226],{},[39,112241,112243],{"className":41,"code":112242,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,112244,112245,112265,112285,112289,112316],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112246,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112248,81209],{"class":54},[48,112250,59],{"class":58},[48,112252,4404],{"class":62},[48,112254,3770],{"class":99},[48,112256,87],{"class":62},[48,112258,632],{"class":99},[48,112260,87],{"class":62},[48,112262,800],{"class":99},[48,112264,1465],{"class":62},[48,112266,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,112268,81230],{"class":54},[48,112270,59],{"class":58},[48,112272,4404],{"class":62},[48,112274,2848],{"class":99},[48,112276,87],{"class":62},[48,112278,3241],{"class":99},[48,112280,87],{"class":62},[48,112282,5387],{"class":99},[48,112284,1465],{"class":62},[48,112286,112287],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,112288,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,112290,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,112292,449],{"class":54},[48,112294,59],{"class":58},[48,112296,16362],{"class":281},[48,112298,151],{"class":62},[48,112300,112301],{"class":137},"list1",[48,112303,9398],{"class":62},[48,112305,111149],{"class":137},[48,112307,151],{"class":62},[48,112309,7062],{"class":281},[48,112311,151],{"class":62},[48,112313,81496],{"class":137},[48,112315,670],{"class":62},[48,112317,112318,112320,112322,112324],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,112319,276],{"class":147},[48,112321,151],{"class":62},[48,112323,474],{"class":137},[48,112325,162],{"class":62},[20,112327,168],{},[39,112329,112330],{"className":41,"code":111330,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,112331,112332],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112333,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112335,537],{"class":62},[48,112337,3770],{"class":99},[48,112339,87],{"class":62},[48,112341,632],{"class":99},[48,112343,87],{"class":62},[48,112345,3241],{"class":99},[48,112347,87],{"class":62},[48,112349,5387],{"class":99},[48,112351,103],{"class":62},[1752,112353,112355],{"id":112354},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112357,112358],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[34,112360,2679],{"id":2678},[209,112362,112363,112367,112372,112378,112384],{},[212,112364,112365],{},[348,112366,96882],{"href":96881},[212,112368,112369],{},[348,112370,112371],{"href":96885},"Creating a set in Python",[212,112373,112374],{},[348,112375,97368,112376,2689],{"href":103394},[15,112377,100968],{},[212,112379,112380],{},[348,112381,97368,112382,2689],{"href":108284},[15,112383,103353],{},[212,112385,112386],{},[348,112387,100898],{"href":105897},[20,112389,112390,112391,2973,112393,17798,112395,112397],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112392,100968],{},[15,112394,103353],{},[15,112396,111059],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2711,112399,57790],{},{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":112401},[112402,112403,112405,112406,112407,112408,112410,112412,112414,112415,112424],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":111174,"depth":106,"text":112404},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":111355,"depth":106,"text":111356},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":111603,"depth":106,"text":112409},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111745,"depth":106,"text":112411},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111885,"depth":106,"text":112413},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":112416},[112417,112419,112421,112423],{"id":112209,"depth":113,"text":112418},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112216,"depth":113,"text":112420},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112231,"depth":113,"text":112422},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112354,"depth":113,"text":112355},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":111051,"description":112425},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112432,"title":112433,"body":112434,"description":114497,"extension":2749,"meta":114498,"navigation":109,"path":108284,"seo":114499,"stem":114500,"__hash__":114501},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112435,"toc":114456},[112436,112441,112446,112449,112462,112464,112546,112551,112556,112560,112572,112575,112579,112581,112608,112610,112621,112624,112693,112695,112701,112704,112714,112716,112805,112810,112812,112819,112822,112824,112827,112947,112949,113018,113021,113038,113043,113046,113162,113164,113193,113196,113202,113207,113211,113292,113294,113322,113327,113331,113426,113428,113469,113473,113476,113543,113545,113586,113592,113607,113614,113621,113625,113631,113717,113721,113729,113800,113805,113812,113814,113820,113822,113887,113889,113905,113910,113913,113982,113986,113989,114048,114051,114055,114108,114121,114124,114177,114181,114183,114214,114217,114222,114275,114279,114282,114303,114315,114317,114370,114372,114377,114379,114385,114388,114394,114399,114403,114406,114414,114423,114425,114453],[10,112437,4356,112439,18],{"id":112438},"python-setunion-method",[15,112440,108597],{},[20,112442,112443,112445],{},[15,112444,108597],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112447,112448],{},"It is useful when you want:",[209,112450,112451,112454,112459],{},[212,112452,112453],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[212,112455,3338,112456,112458],{},[166,112457,101323],{}," as the result",[212,112460,112461],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[34,112463,37],{"id":36},[39,112465,112467],{"className":41,"code":112466,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112468,112469,112489,112509,112513,112531,112541],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112470,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112472,111255],{"class":54},[48,112474,59],{"class":58},[48,112476,63],{"class":62},[48,112478,3770],{"class":99},[48,112480,87],{"class":62},[48,112482,632],{"class":99},[48,112484,87],{"class":62},[48,112486,800],{"class":99},[48,112488,103],{"class":62},[48,112490,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,112492,111276],{"class":54},[48,112494,59],{"class":58},[48,112496,63],{"class":62},[48,112498,2848],{"class":99},[48,112500,87],{"class":62},[48,112502,3241],{"class":99},[48,112504,87],{"class":62},[48,112506,5387],{"class":99},[48,112508,103],{"class":62},[48,112510,112511],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,112512,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,112514,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,112516,449],{"class":54},[48,112518,59],{"class":58},[48,112520,111305],{"class":54},[48,112522,134],{"class":62},[48,112524,111823],{"class":137},[48,112526,151],{"class":62},[48,112528,101148],{"class":137},[48,112530,162],{"class":62},[48,112532,112533,112535,112537,112539],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,112534,276],{"class":147},[48,112536,151],{"class":62},[48,112538,474],{"class":137},[48,112540,162],{"class":62},[48,112542,112543],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,112544,112545],{"class":4445},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112547,112548,112550],{},[15,112549,103353],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[34,112552,196,112554,199],{"id":112553},"what-setunion-does",[15,112555,108597],{},[20,112557,112558,76],{},[15,112559,108597],{},[209,112561,112562,112565,112568,112570],{},[212,112563,112564],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[212,112566,112567],{},"keeps only unique values",[212,112569,111185],{},[212,112571,111194],{},[20,112573,112574],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112576,96878,112577,134],{},[348,112578,96882],{"href":98053},[34,112580,360],{"id":359},[39,112582,112584],{"className":41,"code":112583,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112585,112586],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112587,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112589,101139],{"class":54},[48,112591,134],{"class":62},[48,112593,111823],{"class":137},[48,112595,151],{"class":62},[48,112597,101148],{"class":137},[48,112599,87],{"class":62},[48,112601,101175],{"class":137},[48,112603,87],{"class":62},[48,112605,34990],{"class":147},[48,112607,162],{"class":62},[20,112609,13792],{},[209,112611,112612,112615,112618],{},[212,112613,112614],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[212,112616,112617],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[212,112619,112620],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112622,112623],{},"Example with two sets:",[39,112625,112627],{"className":41,"code":112626,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112628,112629,112645,112661,112665,112683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112630,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112632,3338],{"class":54},[48,112634,59],{"class":58},[48,112636,63],{"class":62},[48,112638,3770],{"class":99},[48,112640,87],{"class":62},[48,112642,632],{"class":99},[48,112644,103],{"class":62},[48,112646,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,112648,3365],{"class":54},[48,112650,59],{"class":58},[48,112652,63],{"class":62},[48,112654,2842],{"class":99},[48,112656,87],{"class":62},[48,112658,800],{"class":99},[48,112660,103],{"class":62},[48,112662,112663],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,112664,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,112666,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,112668,449],{"class":54},[48,112670,59],{"class":58},[48,112672,57436],{"class":54},[48,112674,134],{"class":62},[48,112676,111823],{"class":137},[48,112678,151],{"class":62},[48,112680,2059],{"class":137},[48,112682,162],{"class":62},[48,112684,112685,112687,112689,112691],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,112686,276],{"class":147},[48,112688,151],{"class":62},[48,112690,474],{"class":137},[48,112692,162],{"class":62},[34,112694,568],{"id":567},[20,112696,112697,101320,112699,134],{},[15,112698,108597],{},[166,112700,101323],{},[20,112702,112703],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[209,112705,112706,112709],{},[212,112707,112708],{},"the original set",[212,112710,112711,112712],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112713,103353],{},[20,112715,226],{},[39,112717,112719],{"className":41,"code":112718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112720,112721,112737,112753,112757,112775,112779,112792],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112722,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112724,3338],{"class":54},[48,112726,59],{"class":58},[48,112728,63],{"class":62},[48,112730,3770],{"class":99},[48,112732,87],{"class":62},[48,112734,632],{"class":99},[48,112736,103],{"class":62},[48,112738,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,112740,3365],{"class":54},[48,112742,59],{"class":58},[48,112744,63],{"class":62},[48,112746,2842],{"class":99},[48,112748,87],{"class":62},[48,112750,800],{"class":99},[48,112752,103],{"class":62},[48,112754,112755],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,112756,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,112758,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,112760,449],{"class":54},[48,112762,59],{"class":58},[48,112764,57436],{"class":54},[48,112766,134],{"class":62},[48,112768,111823],{"class":137},[48,112770,151],{"class":62},[48,112772,2059],{"class":137},[48,112774,162],{"class":62},[48,112776,112777],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,112778,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,112780,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,112782,276],{"class":147},[48,112784,151],{"class":62},[48,112786,474],{"class":137},[48,112788,4442],{"class":62},[48,112790,112791],{"class":4445},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[48,112793,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,112795,276],{"class":147},[48,112797,151],{"class":62},[48,112799,348],{"class":137},[48,112801,4442],{"class":62},[48,112803,112804],{"class":4445},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112806,3069,112807,112809],{},[15,112808,348],{}," did not change.",[20,112811,111427],{},[209,112813,112814,112816],{},[212,112815,111432],{},[212,112817,112818],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112820,112821],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[34,112823,12225],{"id":12224},[20,112825,112826],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[39,112828,112830],{"className":41,"code":112829,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112831,112832,112865,112898,112902,112922,112926,112936],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112833,112834,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112835,112836],{"class":54},"fruits1 ",[48,112838,59],{"class":58},[48,112840,63],{"class":62},[48,112842,67],{"class":66},[48,112844,1128],{"class":70},[48,112846,67],{"class":66},[48,112848,87],{"class":62},[48,112850,79],{"class":66},[48,112852,1146],{"class":70},[48,112854,67],{"class":66},[48,112856,87],{"class":62},[48,112858,79],{"class":66},[48,112860,33756],{"class":70},[48,112862,67],{"class":66},[48,112864,103],{"class":62},[48,112866,112867,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,112868,112869],{"class":54},"fruits2 ",[48,112871,59],{"class":58},[48,112873,63],{"class":62},[48,112875,67],{"class":66},[48,112877,1146],{"class":70},[48,112879,67],{"class":66},[48,112881,87],{"class":62},[48,112883,79],{"class":66},[48,112885,1164],{"class":70},[48,112887,67],{"class":66},[48,112889,87],{"class":62},[48,112891,79],{"class":66},[48,112893,33756],{"class":70},[48,112895,67],{"class":66},[48,112897,103],{"class":62},[48,112899,112900],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,112901,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,112903,112904,112906,112908,112911,112913,112915,112917,112920],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,112905,449],{"class":54},[48,112907,59],{"class":58},[48,112909,112910],{"class":54}," fruits1",[48,112912,134],{"class":62},[48,112914,111823],{"class":137},[48,112916,151],{"class":62},[48,112918,112919],{"class":137},"fruits2",[48,112921,162],{"class":62},[48,112923,112924],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,112925,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,112927,112928,112930,112932,112934],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,112929,276],{"class":147},[48,112931,151],{"class":62},[48,112933,474],{"class":137},[48,112935,162],{"class":62},[48,112937,112938,112940,112942,112945],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,112939,276],{"class":147},[48,112941,151],{"class":62},[48,112943,112944],{"class":137},"fruits1",[48,112946,162],{"class":62},[20,112948,30563],{},[39,112950,112952],{"className":41,"code":112951,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112953,112954,112990],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112955,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112957,537],{"class":62},[48,112959,311],{"class":66},[48,112961,1146],{"class":70},[48,112963,311],{"class":66},[48,112965,87],{"class":62},[48,112967,320],{"class":66},[48,112969,33756],{"class":70},[48,112971,311],{"class":66},[48,112973,87],{"class":62},[48,112975,320],{"class":66},[48,112977,1128],{"class":70},[48,112979,311],{"class":66},[48,112981,87],{"class":62},[48,112983,320],{"class":66},[48,112985,1164],{"class":70},[48,112987,311],{"class":66},[48,112989,103],{"class":62},[48,112991,112992,112994,112996,112998,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,112993,537],{"class":62},[48,112995,311],{"class":66},[48,112997,1146],{"class":70},[48,112999,311],{"class":66},[48,113001,87],{"class":62},[48,113003,320],{"class":66},[48,113005,33756],{"class":70},[48,113007,311],{"class":66},[48,113009,87],{"class":62},[48,113011,320],{"class":66},[48,113013,1128],{"class":70},[48,113015,311],{"class":66},[48,113017,103],{"class":62},[20,113019,113020],{},"What this shows:",[209,113022,113023,113030,113033],{},[212,113024,113025,5174,113027,113029],{},[15,113026,65825],{},[15,113028,66252],{}," appear in both sets",[212,113031,113032],{},"they appear only once in the result",[212,113034,113035,113037],{},[15,113036,112944],{}," stays unchanged",[34,113039,9185,113041,101712],{"id":113040},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,113042,103353],{},[20,113044,113045],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[39,113047,113049],{"className":41,"code":113048,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113050,113051,113067,113083,113100,113117,113121,113148,113152],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113052,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113054,111255],{"class":54},[48,113056,59],{"class":58},[48,113058,63],{"class":62},[48,113060,3770],{"class":99},[48,113062,87],{"class":62},[48,113064,632],{"class":99},[48,113066,103],{"class":62},[48,113068,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,113070,111276],{"class":54},[48,113072,59],{"class":58},[48,113074,63],{"class":62},[48,113076,2842],{"class":99},[48,113078,87],{"class":62},[48,113080,800],{"class":99},[48,113082,103],{"class":62},[48,113084,113085,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,113086,113087],{"class":54},"set3 ",[48,113089,59],{"class":58},[48,113091,63],{"class":62},[48,113093,2848],{"class":99},[48,113095,87],{"class":62},[48,113097,3241],{"class":99},[48,113099,103],{"class":62},[48,113101,113102,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,113103,113104],{"class":54},"set4 ",[48,113106,59],{"class":58},[48,113108,63],{"class":62},[48,113110,3288],{"class":99},[48,113112,87],{"class":62},[48,113114,5387],{"class":99},[48,113116,103],{"class":62},[48,113118,113119],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,113120,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113122,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113146],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,113124,449],{"class":54},[48,113126,59],{"class":58},[48,113128,111305],{"class":54},[48,113130,134],{"class":62},[48,113132,111823],{"class":137},[48,113134,151],{"class":62},[48,113136,101148],{"class":137},[48,113138,87],{"class":62},[48,113140,101175],{"class":137},[48,113142,87],{"class":62},[48,113144,113145],{"class":137}," set4",[48,113147,162],{"class":62},[48,113149,113150],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,113151,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113153,113154,113156,113158,113160],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,113155,276],{"class":147},[48,113157,151],{"class":62},[48,113159,474],{"class":137},[48,113161,162],{"class":62},[20,113163,30563],{},[39,113165,113167],{"className":41,"code":113166,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113168,113169],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113170,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113172,537],{"class":62},[48,113174,3770],{"class":99},[48,113176,87],{"class":62},[48,113178,632],{"class":99},[48,113180,87],{"class":62},[48,113182,800],{"class":99},[48,113184,87],{"class":62},[48,113186,3241],{"class":99},[48,113188,87],{"class":62},[48,113190,5387],{"class":99},[48,113192,103],{"class":62},[20,113194,113195],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[34,113197,9185,113199,113201],{"id":113198},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,113200,103353],{}," with other iterables",[20,113203,113204,113206],{},[15,113205,103353],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1752,113208,113210],{"id":113209},"with-a-list","With a list",[39,113212,113214],{"className":41,"code":113213,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113215,113216,113236,113260,113264,113282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113217,113218,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113219,2232],{"class":54},[48,113221,59],{"class":58},[48,113223,63],{"class":62},[48,113225,3770],{"class":99},[48,113227,87],{"class":62},[48,113229,632],{"class":99},[48,113231,87],{"class":62},[48,113233,800],{"class":99},[48,113235,103],{"class":62},[48,113237,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256,113258],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,113239,61597],{"class":54},[48,113241,59],{"class":58},[48,113243,4404],{"class":62},[48,113245,2848],{"class":99},[48,113247,87],{"class":62},[48,113249,3241],{"class":99},[48,113251,87],{"class":62},[48,113253,5387],{"class":99},[48,113255,87],{"class":62},[48,113257,5387],{"class":99},[48,113259,1465],{"class":62},[48,113261,113262],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,113263,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113265,113266,113268,113270,113272,113274,113276,113278,113280],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,113267,449],{"class":54},[48,113269,59],{"class":58},[48,113271,2292],{"class":54},[48,113273,134],{"class":62},[48,113275,111823],{"class":137},[48,113277,151],{"class":62},[48,113279,61626],{"class":137},[48,113281,162],{"class":62},[48,113283,113284,113286,113288,113290],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,113285,276],{"class":147},[48,113287,151],{"class":62},[48,113289,474],{"class":137},[48,113291,162],{"class":62},[20,113293,30563],{},[39,113295,113296],{"className":41,"code":113166,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,113297,113298],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113299,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318,113320],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113301,537],{"class":62},[48,113303,3770],{"class":99},[48,113305,87],{"class":62},[48,113307,632],{"class":99},[48,113309,87],{"class":62},[48,113311,800],{"class":99},[48,113313,87],{"class":62},[48,113315,3241],{"class":99},[48,113317,87],{"class":62},[48,113319,5387],{"class":99},[48,113321,103],{"class":62},[20,113323,21695,113324,113326],{},[15,113325,2921],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1752,113328,113330],{"id":113329},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[39,113332,113334],{"className":41,"code":113333,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113335,113336,113360,113393,113397,113416],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113337,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113339,36629],{"class":54},[48,113341,59],{"class":58},[48,113343,63],{"class":62},[48,113345,67],{"class":66},[48,113347,348],{"class":70},[48,113349,67],{"class":66},[48,113351,87],{"class":62},[48,113353,79],{"class":66},[48,113355,2059],{"class":70},[48,113357,67],{"class":66},[48,113359,103],{"class":62},[48,113361,113362,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,113363,113364],{"class":54},"more_letters ",[48,113366,59],{"class":58},[48,113368,330],{"class":62},[48,113370,67],{"class":66},[48,113372,2059],{"class":70},[48,113374,67],{"class":66},[48,113376,87],{"class":62},[48,113378,79],{"class":66},[48,113380,2265],{"class":70},[48,113382,67],{"class":66},[48,113384,87],{"class":62},[48,113386,79],{"class":66},[48,113388,2324],{"class":70},[48,113390,67],{"class":66},[48,113392,162],{"class":62},[48,113394,113395],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,113396,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113398,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409,113411,113414],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,113400,449],{"class":54},[48,113402,59],{"class":58},[48,113404,70647],{"class":54},[48,113406,134],{"class":62},[48,113408,111823],{"class":137},[48,113410,151],{"class":62},[48,113412,113413],{"class":137},"more_letters",[48,113415,162],{"class":62},[48,113417,113418,113420,113422,113424],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,113419,276],{"class":147},[48,113421,151],{"class":62},[48,113423,474],{"class":137},[48,113425,162],{"class":62},[20,113427,30563],{},[39,113429,113431],{"className":41,"code":113430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113432,113433],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113434,113435,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113436,537],{"class":62},[48,113438,311],{"class":66},[48,113440,348],{"class":70},[48,113442,311],{"class":66},[48,113444,87],{"class":62},[48,113446,320],{"class":66},[48,113448,2059],{"class":70},[48,113450,311],{"class":66},[48,113452,87],{"class":62},[48,113454,320],{"class":66},[48,113456,2265],{"class":70},[48,113458,311],{"class":66},[48,113460,87],{"class":62},[48,113462,320],{"class":66},[48,113464,2324],{"class":70},[48,113466,311],{"class":66},[48,113468,103],{"class":62},[1752,113470,113472],{"id":113471},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113474,113475],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[39,113477,113479],{"className":41,"code":113478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113480,113481,113506,113529,113533],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113482,113483,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502,113504],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113484,113485],{"class":54},"chars ",[48,113487,59],{"class":58},[48,113489,63],{"class":62},[48,113491,67],{"class":66},[48,113493,348],{"class":70},[48,113495,67],{"class":66},[48,113497,87],{"class":62},[48,113499,79],{"class":66},[48,113501,2059],{"class":70},[48,113503,67],{"class":66},[48,113505,103],{"class":62},[48,113507,113508,113510,113512,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,113509,449],{"class":54},[48,113511,59],{"class":58},[48,113513,113514],{"class":54}," chars",[48,113516,134],{"class":62},[48,113518,111823],{"class":137},[48,113520,151],{"class":62},[48,113522,67],{"class":66},[48,113524,37587],{"class":70},[48,113526,67],{"class":66},[48,113528,162],{"class":62},[48,113530,113531],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,113532,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113534,113535,113537,113539,113541],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,113536,276],{"class":147},[48,113538,151],{"class":62},[48,113540,474],{"class":137},[48,113542,162],{"class":62},[20,113544,30563],{},[39,113546,113548],{"className":41,"code":113547,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113549,113550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113551,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113553,537],{"class":62},[48,113555,311],{"class":66},[48,113557,348],{"class":70},[48,113559,311],{"class":66},[48,113561,87],{"class":62},[48,113563,320],{"class":66},[48,113565,2059],{"class":70},[48,113567,311],{"class":66},[48,113569,87],{"class":62},[48,113571,320],{"class":66},[48,113573,2265],{"class":70},[48,113575,311],{"class":66},[48,113577,87],{"class":62},[48,113579,320],{"class":66},[48,113581,63837],{"class":70},[48,113583,311],{"class":66},[48,113585,103],{"class":62},[20,113587,805,113588,113591],{},[15,113589,113590],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[209,113593,113594,113598,113602],{},[212,113595,113596],{},[15,113597,67032],{},[212,113599,113600],{},[15,113601,18819],{},[212,113603,113604],{},[15,113605,113606],{},"\"t\"",[34,113608,113610,1306,113612],{"id":113609},"union-vs-update",[15,113611,103353],{},[15,113613,15683],{},[20,113615,113616,5174,113618,113620],{},[15,113617,103353],{},[15,113619,15683],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1752,113622,113623],{"id":111823},[15,113624,103353],{},[209,113626,113627,113629],{},[212,113628,111185],{},[212,113630,111194],{},[39,113632,113633],{"className":41,"code":112718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,113634,113635,113651,113667,113671,113689,113693,113705],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113636,113637,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113638,3338],{"class":54},[48,113640,59],{"class":58},[48,113642,63],{"class":62},[48,113644,3770],{"class":99},[48,113646,87],{"class":62},[48,113648,632],{"class":99},[48,113650,103],{"class":62},[48,113652,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663,113665],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,113654,3365],{"class":54},[48,113656,59],{"class":58},[48,113658,63],{"class":62},[48,113660,2842],{"class":99},[48,113662,87],{"class":62},[48,113664,800],{"class":99},[48,113666,103],{"class":62},[48,113668,113669],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,113670,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113672,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,113674,449],{"class":54},[48,113676,59],{"class":58},[48,113678,57436],{"class":54},[48,113680,134],{"class":62},[48,113682,111823],{"class":137},[48,113684,151],{"class":62},[48,113686,2059],{"class":137},[48,113688,162],{"class":62},[48,113690,113691],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,113692,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113694,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,113696,276],{"class":147},[48,113698,151],{"class":62},[48,113700,474],{"class":137},[48,113702,4442],{"class":62},[48,113704,112791],{"class":4445},[48,113706,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,113708,276],{"class":147},[48,113710,151],{"class":62},[48,113712,348],{"class":137},[48,113714,4442],{"class":62},[48,113716,112804],{"class":4445},[1752,113718,113719],{"id":30998},[15,113720,15683],{},[209,113722,113723,113726],{},[212,113724,113725],{},"changes the existing set in place",[212,113727,113728],{},"does not create a separate result set",[39,113730,113732],{"className":41,"code":113731,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113733,113734,113750,113766,113770,113784,113788],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113735,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113737,3338],{"class":54},[48,113739,59],{"class":58},[48,113741,63],{"class":62},[48,113743,3770],{"class":99},[48,113745,87],{"class":62},[48,113747,632],{"class":99},[48,113749,103],{"class":62},[48,113751,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,113753,3365],{"class":54},[48,113755,59],{"class":58},[48,113757,63],{"class":62},[48,113759,2842],{"class":99},[48,113761,87],{"class":62},[48,113763,800],{"class":99},[48,113765,103],{"class":62},[48,113767,113768],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,113769,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113771,113772,113774,113776,113778,113780,113782],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,113773,348],{"class":54},[48,113775,134],{"class":62},[48,113777,30998],{"class":137},[48,113779,151],{"class":62},[48,113781,2059],{"class":137},[48,113783,162],{"class":62},[48,113785,113786],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,113787,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113789,113790,113792,113794,113796,113798],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,113791,276],{"class":147},[48,113793,151],{"class":62},[48,113795,348],{"class":137},[48,113797,4442],{"class":62},[48,113799,112791],{"class":4445},[20,113801,189,113802,113804],{},[15,113803,103353],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113806,113807,113808,134],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[348,113809,4356,113810,2689],{"href":99073},[15,113811,97868],{},[34,113813,5300],{"id":5299},[1752,113815,2015,113817,113819],{"id":113816},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113818,103353],{}," to change the original set",[20,113821,82378],{},[39,113823,113825],{"className":41,"code":113824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113826,113827,113843,113859,113863,113877],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113828,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113830,3338],{"class":54},[48,113832,59],{"class":58},[48,113834,63],{"class":62},[48,113836,3770],{"class":99},[48,113838,87],{"class":62},[48,113840,632],{"class":99},[48,113842,103],{"class":62},[48,113844,113845,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,113846,3365],{"class":54},[48,113848,59],{"class":58},[48,113850,63],{"class":62},[48,113852,2842],{"class":99},[48,113854,87],{"class":62},[48,113856,800],{"class":99},[48,113858,103],{"class":62},[48,113860,113861],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,113862,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113864,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,113866,348],{"class":54},[48,113868,134],{"class":62},[48,113870,111823],{"class":137},[48,113872,151],{"class":62},[48,113874,2059],{"class":137},[48,113876,162],{"class":62},[48,113878,113879,113881,113883,113885],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,113880,276],{"class":147},[48,113882,151],{"class":62},[48,113884,348],{"class":137},[48,113886,162],{"class":62},[20,113888,168],{},[39,113890,113891],{"className":41,"code":101061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,113892,113893],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113894,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113896,537],{"class":62},[48,113898,3770],{"class":99},[48,113900,87],{"class":62},[48,113902,632],{"class":99},[48,113904,103],{"class":62},[20,113906,9262,113907,113909],{},[15,113908,103353],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113911,113912],{},"Fix it like this:",[39,113914,113916],{"className":41,"code":113915,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113917,113918,113934,113950,113954,113972],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113919,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113921,3338],{"class":54},[48,113923,59],{"class":58},[48,113925,63],{"class":62},[48,113927,3770],{"class":99},[48,113929,87],{"class":62},[48,113931,632],{"class":99},[48,113933,103],{"class":62},[48,113935,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946,113948],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,113937,3365],{"class":54},[48,113939,59],{"class":58},[48,113941,63],{"class":62},[48,113943,2842],{"class":99},[48,113945,87],{"class":62},[48,113947,800],{"class":99},[48,113949,103],{"class":62},[48,113951,113952],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,113953,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,113955,113956,113958,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,113957,3338],{"class":54},[48,113959,59],{"class":58},[48,113961,57436],{"class":54},[48,113963,134],{"class":62},[48,113965,111823],{"class":137},[48,113967,151],{"class":62},[48,113969,2059],{"class":137},[48,113971,162],{"class":62},[48,113973,113974,113976,113978,113980],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,113975,276],{"class":147},[48,113977,151],{"class":62},[48,113979,348],{"class":137},[48,113981,162],{"class":62},[1752,113983,113985],{"id":113984},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113987,113988],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[39,113990,113992],{"className":41,"code":113991,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113993,113994,114010,114026,114030],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113995,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006,114008],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113997,3338],{"class":54},[48,113999,59],{"class":58},[48,114001,63],{"class":62},[48,114003,2848],{"class":99},[48,114005,87],{"class":62},[48,114007,618],{"class":99},[48,114009,103],{"class":62},[48,114011,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020,114022,114024],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114013,3365],{"class":54},[48,114015,59],{"class":58},[48,114017,63],{"class":62},[48,114019,2842],{"class":99},[48,114021,87],{"class":62},[48,114023,3241],{"class":99},[48,114025,103],{"class":62},[48,114027,114028],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114029,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,114031,114032,114034,114036,114038,114040,114042,114044,114046],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,114033,276],{"class":147},[48,114035,151],{"class":62},[48,114037,348],{"class":137},[48,114039,134],{"class":62},[48,114041,111823],{"class":137},[48,114043,151],{"class":62},[48,114045,2059],{"class":137},[48,114047,670],{"class":62},[20,114049,114050],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1752,114052,114054],{"id":114053},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[39,114056,114058],{"className":41,"code":114057,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,114059,114060,114076,114098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114061,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114063,4852],{"class":54},[48,114065,59],{"class":58},[48,114067,63],{"class":62},[48,114069,67],{"class":66},[48,114071,58676],{"class":70},[48,114073,67],{"class":66},[48,114075,103],{"class":62},[48,114077,114078,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114079,449],{"class":54},[48,114081,59],{"class":58},[48,114083,6943],{"class":54},[48,114085,134],{"class":62},[48,114087,111823],{"class":137},[48,114089,151],{"class":62},[48,114091,67],{"class":66},[48,114093,37587],{"class":70},[48,114095,67],{"class":66},[48,114097,162],{"class":62},[48,114099,114100,114102,114104,114106],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114101,276],{"class":147},[48,114103,151],{"class":62},[48,114105,474],{"class":137},[48,114107,162],{"class":62},[20,114109,114110,114111,2973,114113,17798,114115,114117,114118,114120],{},"This adds ",[15,114112,67032],{},[15,114114,18819],{},[15,114116,113606],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,114119,113590],{}," as one item.",[20,114122,114123],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[39,114125,114127],{"className":41,"code":114126,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114128,114129,114145,114167],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114130,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114132,4852],{"class":54},[48,114134,59],{"class":58},[48,114136,63],{"class":62},[48,114138,67],{"class":66},[48,114140,58676],{"class":70},[48,114142,67],{"class":66},[48,114144,103],{"class":62},[48,114146,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114148,449],{"class":54},[48,114150,59],{"class":58},[48,114152,6943],{"class":54},[48,114154,134],{"class":62},[48,114156,111823],{"class":137},[48,114158,3767],{"class":62},[48,114160,67],{"class":66},[48,114162,37587],{"class":70},[48,114164,67],{"class":66},[48,114166,4670],{"class":62},[48,114168,114169,114171,114173,114175],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114170,276],{"class":147},[48,114172,151],{"class":62},[48,114174,474],{"class":137},[48,114176,162],{"class":62},[1752,114178,114180],{"id":114179},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,114182,3618],{},[39,114184,114186],{"className":41,"code":114185,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,114187,114188],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114189,114190,114192,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114191,16357],{"class":54},[48,114193,59],{"class":58},[48,114195,63],{"class":62},[48,114197,3770],{"class":99},[48,114199,87],{"class":62},[48,114201,632],{"class":99},[48,114203,87],{"class":62},[48,114205,4404],{"class":62},[48,114207,2848],{"class":99},[48,114209,87],{"class":62},[48,114211,3241],{"class":99},[48,114213,14439],{"class":62},[20,114215,114216],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,114218,114219,114220,76],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,114221,103353],{},[39,114223,114225],{"className":41,"code":114224,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114226,114227,114243,114265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114228,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114230,16357],{"class":54},[48,114232,59],{"class":58},[48,114234,63],{"class":62},[48,114236,3770],{"class":99},[48,114238,87],{"class":62},[48,114240,632],{"class":99},[48,114242,103],{"class":62},[48,114244,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114246,449],{"class":54},[48,114248,59],{"class":58},[48,114250,97478],{"class":54},[48,114252,134],{"class":62},[48,114254,111823],{"class":137},[48,114256,3767],{"class":62},[48,114258,2848],{"class":99},[48,114260,87],{"class":62},[48,114262,3241],{"class":99},[48,114264,4670],{"class":62},[48,114266,114267,114269,114271,114273],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114268,276],{"class":147},[48,114270,151],{"class":62},[48,114272,474],{"class":137},[48,114274,162],{"class":62},[34,114276,114278],{"id":114277},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,114280,114281],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[209,114283,114284,114290,114297,114300],{},[212,114285,114286,114287,114289],{},"call ",[15,114288,103353],{}," without saving the returned set",[212,114291,114292,114293,9471,114295],{},"confuse ",[15,114294,103353],{},[15,114296,15683],{},[212,114298,114299],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[212,114301,114302],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,114304,114305,114306,5174,114310,134],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[348,114307,4356,114308,2689],{"href":103342},[15,114309,107127],{},[348,114311,4356,114313,2689],{"href":114312},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114314,100973],{},[20,114316,62845],{},[39,114318,114320],{"className":41,"code":114319,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114321,114322,114332,114346,114356],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114323,114324,114326,114328,114330],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114325,276],{"class":147},[48,114327,151],{"class":62},[48,114329,16395],{"class":137},[48,114331,162],{"class":62},[48,114333,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114335,276],{"class":147},[48,114337,151],{"class":62},[48,114339,2094],{"class":281},[48,114341,151],{"class":62},[48,114343,16395],{"class":137},[48,114345,670],{"class":62},[48,114347,114348,114350,114352,114354],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114349,276],{"class":147},[48,114351,151],{"class":62},[48,114353,474],{"class":137},[48,114355,162],{"class":62},[48,114357,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366,114368],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,114359,32687],{"class":147},[48,114361,151],{"class":62},[48,114363,7062],{"class":281},[48,114365,134],{"class":62},[48,114367,111823],{"class":25281},[48,114369,162],{"class":62},[34,114371,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,114373,2606,114375,103293],{"id":114374},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114376,108597],{},[20,114378,103296],{},[1752,114380,5947,114382,114384],{"id":114381},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114383,103353],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114386,114387],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1752,114389,28861,114391,114393],{"id":114390},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114392,103353],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114395,42695,114396,114398],{},[15,114397,103353],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1752,114400,114402],{"id":114401},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114404,114405],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1752,114407,5957,114409,5174,114411,2623],{"id":114408},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114410,103353],{},[15,114412,114413],{},"|",[20,114415,114416,114417,114419,114420,114422],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114418,114413],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114421,103353],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[34,114424,2679],{"id":2678},[209,114426,114427,114431,114437,114443,114449],{},[212,114428,114429],{},[348,114430,96882],{"href":98053},[212,114432,114433],{},[348,114434,4356,114435,2689],{"href":99073},[15,114436,97868],{},[212,114438,114439],{},[348,114440,4356,114441,2689],{"href":103342},[15,114442,107127],{},[212,114444,114445],{},[348,114446,4356,114447,2689],{"href":114312},[15,114448,100973],{},[212,114450,114451],{},[348,114452,100898],{"href":99631},[2711,114454,114455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":114457},[114458,114459,114461,114462,114463,114464,114466,114472,114477,114484,114485,114496],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":112553,"depth":106,"text":114460},"What set.union() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":567,"depth":106,"text":568},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":113040,"depth":106,"text":114465},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113198,"depth":106,"text":114467,"children":114468},"Using union() with other iterables",[114469,114470,114471],{"id":113209,"depth":113,"text":113210},{"id":113329,"depth":113,"text":113330},{"id":113471,"depth":113,"text":113472},{"id":113609,"depth":106,"text":114473,"children":114474},"union() vs update()",[114475,114476],{"id":111823,"depth":113,"text":103353},{"id":30998,"depth":113,"text":15683},{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":114478},[114479,114481,114482,114483],{"id":113816,"depth":113,"text":114480},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113984,"depth":113,"text":113985},{"id":114053,"depth":113,"text":114054},{"id":114179,"depth":113,"text":114180},{"id":114277,"depth":106,"text":114278},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":114486},[114487,114489,114491,114493,114494],{"id":114374,"depth":113,"text":114488},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114381,"depth":113,"text":114490},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114390,"depth":113,"text":114492},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114401,"depth":113,"text":114402},{"id":114408,"depth":113,"text":114495},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112433,"description":114497},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114503,"title":114504,"body":114505,"description":116394,"extension":2749,"meta":116395,"navigation":109,"path":97367,"seo":116396,"stem":116397,"__hash__":116398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114506,"toc":116360},[114507,114512,114517,114525,114527,114585,114590,114595,114599,114611,114614,114688,114693,114695,114697,114716,114718,114735,114738,114765,114767,114837,114841,114843,114849,114851,114912,114917,114919,114976,114980,114985,115050,115052,115072,115079,115083,115088,115173,115176,115183,115286,115290,115295,115353,115356,115367,115381,115388,115446,115453,115456,115466,115470,115528,115532,115598,115601,115659,115666,115673,115676,115680,115689,115758,115762,115768,115856,115866,115870,115874,115878,115881,115942,115947,116004,116008,116010,116045,116052,116054,116108,116115,116119,116122,116187,116196,116202,116259,116261,116266,116270,116274,116277,116284,116292,116296,116301,116305,116311,116313,116348,116357],[10,114508,96754,114510,18],{"id":114509},"python-set-update-method",[15,114511,15683],{},[20,114513,114514,114516],{},[15,114515,97868],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114518,114519,114520,114524],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[348,114521,114522],{"href":99054},[15,114523,96762],{},", which adds only one item.",[34,114526,4390],{"id":4389},[39,114528,114530],{"className":41,"code":114529,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114531,114532,114548,114570,114580],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114533,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114535,2232],{"class":54},[48,114537,59],{"class":58},[48,114539,63],{"class":62},[48,114541,3770],{"class":99},[48,114543,87],{"class":62},[48,114545,632],{"class":99},[48,114547,103],{"class":62},[48,114549,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114551,2411],{"class":54},[48,114553,134],{"class":62},[48,114555,30998],{"class":137},[48,114557,3767],{"class":62},[48,114559,2842],{"class":99},[48,114561,87],{"class":62},[48,114563,800],{"class":99},[48,114565,87],{"class":62},[48,114567,3241],{"class":99},[48,114569,4670],{"class":62},[48,114571,114572,114574,114576,114578],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114573,276],{"class":147},[48,114575,151],{"class":62},[48,114577,2411],{"class":137},[48,114579,162],{"class":62},[48,114581,114582],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,114583,114584],{"class":4445},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114586,189,114587,114589],{},[15,114588,15683],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[34,114591,196,114593,199],{"id":114592},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114594,97868],{},[20,114596,114597,76],{},[15,114598,97868],{},[209,114600,114601,114604,114606,114609],{},[212,114602,114603],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[212,114605,96869],{},[212,114607,114608],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[212,114610,96872],{},[20,114612,114613],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[39,114615,114617],{"className":41,"code":114616,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114618,114619,114643,114669,114673,114683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114620,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635,114637,114639,114641],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114622,1119],{"class":54},[48,114624,59],{"class":58},[48,114626,63],{"class":62},[48,114628,67],{"class":66},[48,114630,1137],{"class":70},[48,114632,67],{"class":66},[48,114634,87],{"class":62},[48,114636,79],{"class":66},[48,114638,13848],{"class":70},[48,114640,67],{"class":66},[48,114642,103],{"class":62},[48,114644,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657,114659,114661,114663,114665,114667],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114646,1196],{"class":54},[48,114648,134],{"class":62},[48,114650,30998],{"class":137},[48,114652,3767],{"class":62},[48,114654,67],{"class":66},[48,114656,13848],{"class":70},[48,114658,67],{"class":66},[48,114660,87],{"class":62},[48,114662,79],{"class":66},[48,114664,18179],{"class":70},[48,114666,67],{"class":66},[48,114668,4670],{"class":62},[48,114670,114671],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114672,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,114674,114675,114677,114679,114681],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,114676,276],{"class":147},[48,114678,151],{"class":62},[48,114680,1196],{"class":137},[48,114682,162],{"class":62},[48,114684,114685],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,114686,114687],{"class":4445},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114689,21695,114690,114692],{},[15,114691,111588],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[34,114694,360],{"id":359},[20,114696,7987],{},[39,114698,114700],{"className":41,"code":114699,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114701,114702],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114703,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114705,16395],{"class":54},[48,114707,134],{"class":62},[48,114709,30998],{"class":137},[48,114711,151],{"class":62},[48,114713,4502],{"class":137},[48,114715,162],{"class":62},[20,114717,80754],{},[209,114719,114720,114723,114726,114729,114732],{},[212,114721,114722],{},"A list",[212,114724,114725],{},"A tuple",[212,114727,114728],{},"Another set",[212,114730,114731],{},"A string",[212,114733,114734],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114736,114737],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[39,114739,114741],{"className":41,"code":114740,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114742,114743],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114744,114745,114747,114749,114751,114753,114755,114757,114759,114761,114763],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114746,16395],{"class":54},[48,114748,134],{"class":62},[48,114750,30998],{"class":137},[48,114752,151],{"class":62},[48,114754,348],{"class":137},[48,114756,87],{"class":62},[48,114758,3343],{"class":137},[48,114760,87],{"class":62},[48,114762,10437],{"class":137},[48,114764,162],{"class":62},[20,114766,226],{},[39,114768,114770],{"className":41,"code":114769,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114771,114772,114784,114818,114822,114832],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114773,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114775,4605],{"class":54},[48,114777,59],{"class":58},[48,114779,63],{"class":62},[48,114781,3770],{"class":99},[48,114783,103],{"class":62},[48,114785,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814,114816],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114787,1415],{"class":54},[48,114789,134],{"class":62},[48,114791,30998],{"class":137},[48,114793,3767],{"class":62},[48,114795,2842],{"class":99},[48,114797,87],{"class":62},[48,114799,800],{"class":99},[48,114801,18785],{"class":62},[48,114803,330],{"class":62},[48,114805,3288],{"class":99},[48,114807,87],{"class":62},[48,114809,5387],{"class":99},[48,114811,327],{"class":62},[48,114813,63],{"class":62},[48,114815,81145],{"class":99},[48,114817,31030],{"class":62},[48,114819,114820],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114821,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,114823,114824,114826,114828,114830],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,114825,276],{"class":147},[48,114827,151],{"class":62},[48,114829,1415],{"class":137},[48,114831,162],{"class":62},[48,114833,114834],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,114835,114836],{"class":4445},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114838,96878,114839,134],{},[348,114840,96886],{"href":98437},[34,114842,568],{"id":567},[20,114844,114845,3181,114847,134],{},[15,114846,97868],{},[15,114848,4560],{},[20,114850,12462],{},[39,114852,114854],{"className":41,"code":114853,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114855,114856,114872,114894,114898,114908],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114857,114858,114860,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114859,2232],{"class":54},[48,114861,59],{"class":58},[48,114863,63],{"class":62},[48,114865,3770],{"class":99},[48,114867,87],{"class":62},[48,114869,632],{"class":99},[48,114871,103],{"class":62},[48,114873,114874,114876,114878,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114875,449],{"class":54},[48,114877,59],{"class":58},[48,114879,2292],{"class":54},[48,114881,134],{"class":62},[48,114883,30998],{"class":137},[48,114885,3767],{"class":62},[48,114887,2848],{"class":99},[48,114889,87],{"class":62},[48,114891,3241],{"class":99},[48,114893,4670],{"class":62},[48,114895,114896],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114897,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,114899,114900,114902,114904,114906],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,114901,276],{"class":147},[48,114903,151],{"class":62},[48,114905,474],{"class":137},[48,114907,162],{"class":62},[48,114909,114910],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,114911,62381],{"class":4445},[20,114913,114914,114915,134],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114916,474],{},[20,114918,19689],{},[39,114920,114922],{"className":41,"code":114921,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114923,114924,114940,114958,114962,114972],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114925,114926,114928,114930,114932,114934,114936,114938],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114927,2232],{"class":54},[48,114929,59],{"class":58},[48,114931,63],{"class":62},[48,114933,3770],{"class":99},[48,114935,87],{"class":62},[48,114937,632],{"class":99},[48,114939,103],{"class":62},[48,114941,114942,114944,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954,114956],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,114943,2411],{"class":54},[48,114945,134],{"class":62},[48,114947,30998],{"class":137},[48,114949,3767],{"class":62},[48,114951,2848],{"class":99},[48,114953,87],{"class":62},[48,114955,3241],{"class":99},[48,114957,4670],{"class":62},[48,114959,114960],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,114961,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,114963,114964,114966,114968,114970],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,114965,276],{"class":147},[48,114967,151],{"class":62},[48,114969,2411],{"class":137},[48,114971,162],{"class":62},[48,114973,114974],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,114975,114584],{"class":4445},[34,114977,114979],{"id":114978},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114981,114982,114983,134],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114984,15683],{},[39,114986,114988],{"className":41,"code":114987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114989,114990,115006,115032,115036,115046],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114991,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114993,2232],{"class":54},[48,114995,59],{"class":58},[48,114997,63],{"class":62},[48,114999,3770],{"class":99},[48,115001,87],{"class":62},[48,115003,632],{"class":99},[48,115005,103],{"class":62},[48,115007,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115009,2411],{"class":54},[48,115011,134],{"class":62},[48,115013,30998],{"class":137},[48,115015,3767],{"class":62},[48,115017,2842],{"class":99},[48,115019,87],{"class":62},[48,115021,800],{"class":99},[48,115023,87],{"class":62},[48,115025,3241],{"class":99},[48,115027,87],{"class":62},[48,115029,3241],{"class":99},[48,115031,4670],{"class":62},[48,115033,115034],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115035,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115037,115038,115040,115042,115044],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115039,276],{"class":147},[48,115041,151],{"class":62},[48,115043,2411],{"class":137},[48,115045,162],{"class":62},[48,115047,115048],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115049,114584],{"class":4445},[20,115051,12431],{},[209,115053,115054,115059,115066],{},[212,115055,115056,115058],{},[15,115057,2842],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[212,115060,115061,5174,115063,115065],{},[15,115062,2848],{},[15,115064,3288],{}," are added",[212,115067,115068,115069,115071],{},"The second ",[15,115070,3288],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,115073,115074,115075,115078],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[348,115076,115077],{"href":99631},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[34,115080,115082],{"id":115081},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,115084,8532,115085,115087],{},[15,115086,15683],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[39,115089,115091],{"className":41,"code":115090,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,115092,115093,115114,115135,115139,115155,115159,115169],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115094,115095,115098,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115096,115097],{"class":54},"set_a ",[48,115099,59],{"class":58},[48,115101,63],{"class":62},[48,115103,3770],{"class":99},[48,115105,87],{"class":62},[48,115107,632],{"class":99},[48,115109,87],{"class":62},[48,115111,800],{"class":99},[48,115113,103],{"class":62},[48,115115,115116,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115117,115118],{"class":54},"set_b ",[48,115120,59],{"class":58},[48,115122,63],{"class":62},[48,115124,2848],{"class":99},[48,115126,87],{"class":62},[48,115128,3241],{"class":99},[48,115130,87],{"class":62},[48,115132,5387],{"class":99},[48,115134,103],{"class":62},[48,115136,115137],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115138,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115140,115141,115144,115146,115148,115150,115153],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115142,115143],{"class":54},"set_a",[48,115145,134],{"class":62},[48,115147,30998],{"class":137},[48,115149,151],{"class":62},[48,115151,115152],{"class":137},"set_b",[48,115154,162],{"class":62},[48,115156,115157],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115158,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115160,115161,115163,115165,115167],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,115162,276],{"class":147},[48,115164,151],{"class":62},[48,115166,115143],{"class":137},[48,115168,162],{"class":62},[48,115170,115171],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,115172,112545],{"class":4445},[20,115174,115175],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,115177,115178,115179,134],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[348,115180,115181],{"href":103350},[15,115182,108597],{},[39,115184,115186],{"className":41,"code":115185,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115187,115188,115208,115228,115232,115252,115256,115267,115271,115281],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115189,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198,115200,115202,115204,115206],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115191,115097],{"class":54},[48,115193,59],{"class":58},[48,115195,63],{"class":62},[48,115197,3770],{"class":99},[48,115199,87],{"class":62},[48,115201,632],{"class":99},[48,115203,87],{"class":62},[48,115205,800],{"class":99},[48,115207,103],{"class":62},[48,115209,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220,115222,115224,115226],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115211,115118],{"class":54},[48,115213,59],{"class":58},[48,115215,63],{"class":62},[48,115217,2848],{"class":99},[48,115219,87],{"class":62},[48,115221,3241],{"class":99},[48,115223,87],{"class":62},[48,115225,5387],{"class":99},[48,115227,103],{"class":62},[48,115229,115230],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115231,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115233,115234,115237,115239,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115235,115236],{"class":54},"combined ",[48,115238,59],{"class":58},[48,115240,115241],{"class":54}," set_a",[48,115243,134],{"class":62},[48,115245,111823],{"class":137},[48,115247,151],{"class":62},[48,115249,115152],{"class":137},[48,115251,162],{"class":62},[48,115253,115254],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115255,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115257,115258,115260,115262,115265],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,115259,276],{"class":147},[48,115261,151],{"class":62},[48,115263,115264],{"class":137},"combined",[48,115266,162],{"class":62},[48,115268,115269],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,115270,112545],{"class":4445},[48,115272,115273,115275,115277,115279],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,115274,276],{"class":147},[48,115276,151],{"class":62},[48,115278,115143],{"class":137},[48,115280,162],{"class":62},[48,115282,115283],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,115284,115285],{"class":4445},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[34,115287,115289],{"id":115288},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,115291,65290,115292,115294],{},[15,115293,15683],{}," adds each character separately.",[39,115296,115298],{"className":41,"code":115297,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115299,115300,115316,115334,115338,115348],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115301,115302,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115303,36629],{"class":54},[48,115305,59],{"class":58},[48,115307,63],{"class":62},[48,115309,67],{"class":66},[48,115311,611],{"class":70},[48,115313,67],{"class":66},[48,115315,103],{"class":62},[48,115317,115318,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330,115332],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115319,36682],{"class":54},[48,115321,134],{"class":62},[48,115323,30998],{"class":137},[48,115325,151],{"class":62},[48,115327,67],{"class":66},[48,115329,37587],{"class":70},[48,115331,67],{"class":66},[48,115333,162],{"class":62},[48,115335,115336],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115337,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115339,115340,115342,115344,115346],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115341,276],{"class":147},[48,115343,151],{"class":62},[48,115345,36682],{"class":137},[48,115347,162],{"class":62},[48,115349,115350],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115351,115352],{"class":4445},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115354,115355],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115357,115358,14784,115361,115363,115364,115366],{},[15,115359,115360],{},"update(\"cat\")",[166,115362,5413],{}," add ",[15,115365,113590],{}," as one item. It adds:",[209,115368,115369,115373,115377],{},[212,115370,115371],{},[15,115372,67032],{},[212,115374,115375],{},[15,115376,18819],{},[212,115378,115379],{},[15,115380,113606],{},[20,115382,115383,115384,76],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[348,115385,115386],{"href":99054},[15,115387,96762],{},[39,115389,115391],{"className":41,"code":115390,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115392,115393,115409,115427,115431,115441],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115394,115395,115397,115399,115401,115403,115405,115407],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115396,4852],{"class":54},[48,115398,59],{"class":58},[48,115400,63],{"class":62},[48,115402,67],{"class":66},[48,115404,58676],{"class":70},[48,115406,67],{"class":66},[48,115408,103],{"class":62},[48,115410,115411,115413,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115412,4894],{"class":54},[48,115414,134],{"class":62},[48,115416,82657],{"class":137},[48,115418,151],{"class":62},[48,115420,67],{"class":66},[48,115422,37587],{"class":70},[48,115424,67],{"class":66},[48,115426,162],{"class":62},[48,115428,115429],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115430,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115432,115433,115435,115437,115439],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115434,276],{"class":147},[48,115436,151],{"class":62},[48,115438,4894],{"class":137},[48,115440,162],{"class":62},[48,115442,115443],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115444,115445],{"class":4445},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[34,115447,115449,1306,115451],{"id":115448},"update-vs-add",[15,115450,15683],{},[15,115452,96757],{},[20,115454,115455],{},"The difference is simple:",[209,115457,115458,115462],{},[212,115459,115460,97356],{},[15,115461,96757],{},[212,115463,115464,97361],{},[15,115465,15683],{},[20,115467,46585,115468,76],{},[15,115469,96757],{},[39,115471,115473],{"className":41,"code":115472,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115474,115475,115491,115509,115513,115523],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115476,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115478,36778],{"class":54},[48,115480,59],{"class":58},[48,115482,63],{"class":62},[48,115484,67],{"class":66},[48,115486,1128],{"class":70},[48,115488,67],{"class":66},[48,115490,103],{"class":62},[48,115492,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503,115505,115507],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115494,36830],{"class":54},[48,115496,134],{"class":62},[48,115498,82657],{"class":137},[48,115500,151],{"class":62},[48,115502,67],{"class":66},[48,115504,1146],{"class":70},[48,115506,67],{"class":66},[48,115508,162],{"class":62},[48,115510,115511],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115512,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115514,115515,115517,115519,115521],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115516,276],{"class":147},[48,115518,151],{"class":62},[48,115520,36830],{"class":137},[48,115522,162],{"class":62},[48,115524,115525],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115526,115527],{"class":4445},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115529,46585,115530,76],{},[15,115531,15683],{},[39,115533,115535],{"className":41,"code":115534,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115536,115537,115553,115579,115583,115593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115538,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115540,36778],{"class":54},[48,115542,59],{"class":58},[48,115544,63],{"class":62},[48,115546,67],{"class":66},[48,115548,1128],{"class":70},[48,115550,67],{"class":66},[48,115552,103],{"class":62},[48,115554,115555,115557,115559,115561,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575,115577],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115556,36830],{"class":54},[48,115558,134],{"class":62},[48,115560,30998],{"class":137},[48,115562,3767],{"class":62},[48,115564,67],{"class":66},[48,115566,1146],{"class":70},[48,115568,67],{"class":66},[48,115570,87],{"class":62},[48,115572,79],{"class":66},[48,115574,33756],{"class":70},[48,115576,67],{"class":66},[48,115578,4670],{"class":62},[48,115580,115581],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115582,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115584,115585,115587,115589,115591],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115586,276],{"class":147},[48,115588,151],{"class":62},[48,115590,36830],{"class":137},[48,115592,162],{"class":62},[48,115594,115595],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115596,115597],{"class":4445},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115599,115600],{},"Important warning with strings:",[39,115602,115604],{"className":41,"code":115603,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115605,115606,115622,115640,115644,115654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115607,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618,115620],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115609,36778],{"class":54},[48,115611,59],{"class":58},[48,115613,63],{"class":62},[48,115615,67],{"class":66},[48,115617,1128],{"class":70},[48,115619,67],{"class":66},[48,115621,103],{"class":62},[48,115623,115624,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634,115636,115638],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115625,36830],{"class":54},[48,115627,134],{"class":62},[48,115629,30998],{"class":137},[48,115631,151],{"class":62},[48,115633,67],{"class":66},[48,115635,38882],{"class":70},[48,115637,67],{"class":66},[48,115639,162],{"class":62},[48,115641,115642],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115643,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115645,115646,115648,115650,115652],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115647,276],{"class":147},[48,115649,151],{"class":62},[48,115651,36830],{"class":137},[48,115653,162],{"class":62},[48,115655,115656],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115657,115658],{"class":4445},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115660,62656,115661,62729,115664,7401],{},[15,115662,115663],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115665,96757],{},[34,115667,115669,1306,115671],{"id":115668},"update-vs-union",[15,115670,15683],{},[15,115672,103353],{},[20,115674,115675],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1752,115677,115678],{"id":30998},[15,115679,15683],{},[209,115681,115682,115685],{},[212,115683,115684],{},"Changes the existing set",[212,115686,12175,115687],{},[15,115688,4560],{},[39,115690,115692],{"className":41,"code":115691,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115693,115694,115710,115726,115730,115744,115754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115695,115696,115698,115700,115702,115704,115706,115708],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115697,3338],{"class":54},[48,115699,59],{"class":58},[48,115701,63],{"class":62},[48,115703,3770],{"class":99},[48,115705,87],{"class":62},[48,115707,632],{"class":99},[48,115709,103],{"class":62},[48,115711,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720,115722,115724],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115713,3365],{"class":54},[48,115715,59],{"class":58},[48,115717,63],{"class":62},[48,115719,2842],{"class":99},[48,115721,87],{"class":62},[48,115723,800],{"class":99},[48,115725,103],{"class":62},[48,115727,115728],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115729,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115731,115732,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115733,348],{"class":54},[48,115735,134],{"class":62},[48,115737,30998],{"class":137},[48,115739,151],{"class":62},[48,115741,2059],{"class":137},[48,115743,162],{"class":62},[48,115745,115746,115748,115750,115752],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115747,276],{"class":147},[48,115749,151],{"class":62},[48,115751,348],{"class":137},[48,115753,162],{"class":62},[48,115755,115756],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,115757,115285],{"class":4445},[1752,115759,115760],{"id":111823},[15,115761,103353],{},[209,115763,115764,115766],{},[212,115765,101891],{},[212,115767,101894],{},[39,115769,115771],{"className":41,"code":115770,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115772,115773,115789,115805,115809,115827,115837,115841,115851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115774,115775,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115776,3338],{"class":54},[48,115778,59],{"class":58},[48,115780,63],{"class":62},[48,115782,3770],{"class":99},[48,115784,87],{"class":62},[48,115786,632],{"class":99},[48,115788,103],{"class":62},[48,115790,115791,115793,115795,115797,115799,115801,115803],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115792,3365],{"class":54},[48,115794,59],{"class":58},[48,115796,63],{"class":62},[48,115798,2842],{"class":99},[48,115800,87],{"class":62},[48,115802,800],{"class":99},[48,115804,103],{"class":62},[48,115806,115807],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115808,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115810,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823,115825],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115812,83737],{"class":54},[48,115814,59],{"class":58},[48,115816,57436],{"class":54},[48,115818,134],{"class":62},[48,115820,111823],{"class":137},[48,115822,151],{"class":62},[48,115824,2059],{"class":137},[48,115826,162],{"class":62},[48,115828,115829,115831,115833,115835],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115830,276],{"class":147},[48,115832,151],{"class":62},[48,115834,2265],{"class":137},[48,115836,162],{"class":62},[48,115838,115839],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,115840,115285],{"class":4445},[48,115842,115843,115845,115847,115849],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,115844,276],{"class":147},[48,115846,151],{"class":62},[48,115848,348],{"class":137},[48,115850,162],{"class":62},[48,115852,115853],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,115854,115855],{"class":4445},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115857,108239,115858,115860,115861,115865],{},[15,115859,15683],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[348,115862,115863],{"href":103350},[15,115864,103353],{}," when you want a new set.",[34,115867,115869],{"id":115868},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115871,11499,115872,134],{},[15,115873,97868],{},[1752,115875,115877],{"id":115876},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115879,115880],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[39,115882,115884],{"className":41,"code":115883,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115885,115886,115902,115924,115928,115938],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115887,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896,115898,115900],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115889,16357],{"class":54},[48,115891,59],{"class":58},[48,115893,63],{"class":62},[48,115895,3770],{"class":99},[48,115897,87],{"class":62},[48,115899,632],{"class":99},[48,115901,103],{"class":62},[48,115903,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115905,449],{"class":54},[48,115907,59],{"class":58},[48,115909,97478],{"class":54},[48,115911,134],{"class":62},[48,115913,30998],{"class":137},[48,115915,3767],{"class":62},[48,115917,2848],{"class":99},[48,115919,87],{"class":62},[48,115921,3241],{"class":99},[48,115923,4670],{"class":62},[48,115925,115926],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115927,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115929,115930,115932,115934,115936],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115931,276],{"class":147},[48,115933,151],{"class":62},[48,115935,474],{"class":137},[48,115937,162],{"class":62},[48,115939,115940],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,115941,62381],{"class":4445},[20,115943,115944,115945,76],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115946,15683],{},[39,115948,115950],{"className":41,"code":115949,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115951,115952,115968,115986,115990,116000],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115953,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115955,16357],{"class":54},[48,115957,59],{"class":58},[48,115959,63],{"class":62},[48,115961,3770],{"class":99},[48,115963,87],{"class":62},[48,115965,632],{"class":99},[48,115967,103],{"class":62},[48,115969,115970,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,115971,16395],{"class":54},[48,115973,134],{"class":62},[48,115975,30998],{"class":137},[48,115977,3767],{"class":62},[48,115979,2848],{"class":99},[48,115981,87],{"class":62},[48,115983,3241],{"class":99},[48,115985,4670],{"class":62},[48,115987,115988],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,115989,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,115991,115992,115994,115996,115998],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,115993,276],{"class":147},[48,115995,151],{"class":62},[48,115997,16395],{"class":137},[48,115999,162],{"class":62},[48,116001,116002],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,116003,114584],{"class":4445},[1752,116005,116007],{"id":116006},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,116009,3618],{},[39,116011,116013],{"className":41,"code":116012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,116014,116015,116031],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116016,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116018,16357],{"class":54},[48,116020,59],{"class":58},[48,116022,63],{"class":62},[48,116024,3770],{"class":99},[48,116026,87],{"class":62},[48,116028,632],{"class":99},[48,116030,103],{"class":62},[48,116032,116033,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,116034,16395],{"class":54},[48,116036,134],{"class":62},[48,116038,30998],{"class":137},[48,116040,151],{"class":62},[48,116042,2921],{"class":99},[48,116044,162],{"class":62},[20,116046,62835,116047,9368,116049,116051],{},[15,116048,3787],{},[15,116050,2921],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,116053,7324],{},[39,116055,116057],{"className":41,"code":116056,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,116058,116059,116075,116089,116093,116103],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116060,116061,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116062,16357],{"class":54},[48,116064,59],{"class":58},[48,116066,63],{"class":62},[48,116068,3770],{"class":99},[48,116070,87],{"class":62},[48,116072,632],{"class":99},[48,116074,103],{"class":62},[48,116076,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085,116087],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,116078,16395],{"class":54},[48,116080,134],{"class":62},[48,116082,30998],{"class":137},[48,116084,3767],{"class":62},[48,116086,2921],{"class":99},[48,116088,4670],{"class":62},[48,116090,116091],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,116092,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116094,116095,116097,116099,116101],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,116096,276],{"class":147},[48,116098,151],{"class":62},[48,116100,16395],{"class":137},[48,116102,162],{"class":62},[48,116104,116105],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,116106,116107],{"class":4445},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,116109,46458,116110,134],{},[348,116111,26211,116112],{"href":53147},[15,116113,116114],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1752,116116,116118],{"id":116117},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,116120,116121],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[39,116123,116125],{"className":41,"code":116124,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,116126,116127,116143,116169,116173,116183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116128,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116130,16357],{"class":54},[48,116132,59],{"class":58},[48,116134,63],{"class":62},[48,116136,3770],{"class":99},[48,116138,87],{"class":62},[48,116140,632],{"class":99},[48,116142,103],{"class":62},[48,116144,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,116146,16395],{"class":54},[48,116148,134],{"class":62},[48,116150,30998],{"class":137},[48,116152,3767],{"class":62},[48,116154,2842],{"class":99},[48,116156,87],{"class":62},[48,116158,632],{"class":99},[48,116160,87],{"class":62},[48,116162,632],{"class":99},[48,116164,87],{"class":62},[48,116166,800],{"class":99},[48,116168,4670],{"class":62},[48,116170,116171],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,116172,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116174,116175,116177,116179,116181],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,116176,276],{"class":147},[48,116178,151],{"class":62},[48,116180,16395],{"class":137},[48,116182,162],{"class":62},[48,116184,116185],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,116186,115285],{"class":4445},[1752,116188,116190,116191,45174,116193,116195],{"id":116189},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,116192,15683],{},[15,116194,96757],{}," is better",[20,116197,116198,116199,116201],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,116200,96757],{}," is usually the better choice.",[39,116203,116205],{"className":41,"code":116204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,116206,116207,116223,116241,116245,116255],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116208,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116210,16357],{"class":54},[48,116212,59],{"class":58},[48,116214,63],{"class":62},[48,116216,67],{"class":66},[48,116218,58676],{"class":70},[48,116220,67],{"class":66},[48,116222,103],{"class":62},[48,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,116226,16395],{"class":54},[48,116228,134],{"class":62},[48,116230,82657],{"class":137},[48,116232,151],{"class":62},[48,116234,67],{"class":66},[48,116236,37587],{"class":70},[48,116238,67],{"class":66},[48,116240,162],{"class":62},[48,116242,116243],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,116244,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116246,116247,116249,116251,116253],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,116248,276],{"class":147},[48,116250,151],{"class":62},[48,116252,16395],{"class":137},[48,116254,162],{"class":62},[48,116256,116257],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,116258,115445],{"class":4445},[34,116260,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,116262,2606,116264,97847],{"id":116263},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,116265,97868],{},[20,116267,97850,116268,134],{},[15,116269,4560],{},[1752,116271,28861,116272,32761],{"id":32758},[15,116273,15683],{},[20,116275,116276],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1752,116278,5957,116280,5174,116282,2623],{"id":116279},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116281,96757],{},[15,116283,15683],{},[20,116285,116286,116288,116289,116291],{},[15,116287,96757],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116290,15683],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1752,116293,116295],{"id":116294},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,116297,116298,116299,115294],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116300,15683],{},[1752,116302,116304],{"id":116303},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,116306,189,116307,11844,116309,134],{},[15,116308,103353],{},[15,116310,15683],{},[34,116312,2679],{"id":2678},[209,116314,116315,116322,116329,116335,116341],{},[212,116316,116317],{},[348,116318,116319],{"href":99054},[15,116320,116321],{},"Python set add() method",[212,116323,116324],{},[348,116325,116326],{"href":103350},[15,116327,116328],{},"Python set union() method",[212,116330,116331],{},[348,116332,116333],{"href":98437},[15,116334,97892],{},[212,116336,116337],{},[348,116338,116339],{"href":99631},[15,116340,100898],{},[212,116342,116343],{},[348,116344,116345,116347],{"href":53147},[15,116346,116114],{}," fix",[20,116349,116350,116351,116353,116354,116356],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116352,96762],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116355,108597],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2711,116358,116359],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":116361},[116362,116363,116365,116366,116367,116368,116369,116370,116372,116377,116384,116393],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":114592,"depth":106,"text":116364},"What set.update() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":567,"depth":106,"text":568},{"id":114978,"depth":106,"text":114979},{"id":115081,"depth":106,"text":115082},{"id":115288,"depth":106,"text":115289},{"id":115448,"depth":106,"text":116371},"update() vs add()",{"id":115668,"depth":106,"text":116373,"children":116374},"update() vs union()",[116375,116376],{"id":30998,"depth":113,"text":15683},{"id":111823,"depth":113,"text":103353},{"id":115868,"depth":106,"text":115869,"children":116378},[116379,116380,116381,116382],{"id":115876,"depth":113,"text":115877},{"id":116006,"depth":113,"text":116007},{"id":116117,"depth":113,"text":116118},{"id":116189,"depth":113,"text":116383},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":116385},[116386,116388,116389,116391,116392],{"id":116263,"depth":113,"text":116387},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32758,"depth":113,"text":32831},{"id":116279,"depth":113,"text":116390},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116294,"depth":113,"text":116295},{"id":116303,"depth":113,"text":116304},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114504,"description":116394},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116400,"title":116401,"body":116402,"description":118168,"extension":2749,"meta":118169,"navigation":109,"path":14523,"seo":118170,"stem":118171,"__hash__":118172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116403,"toc":118143},[116404,116407,116410,116413,116424,116432,116435,116437,116586,116598,116602,116619,116623,116631,116633,116644,116646,116743,116749,116752,116848,116857,116862,116866,116871,116873,116883,116885,116994,117002,117006,117009,117012,117029,117035,117115,117118,117122,117125,117129,117132,117191,117194,117198,117201,117293,117297,117300,117407,117411,117417,117445,117447,117529,117539,117543,117546,117557,117560,117645,117648,117653,117657,117660,117671,117674,117816,117819,117823,117826,117840,117843,117904,117910,117912,117915,117937,117940,118040,118043,118075,118077,118081,118084,118086,118089,118093,118096,118100,118103,118107,118110,118112,118140],[10,116405,116401],{"id":116406},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116408,116409],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116411,116412],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[209,116414,116415,116418,116421],{},[212,116416,116417],{},"a list inside another list",[212,116419,116420],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[212,116422,116423],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116425,100820,116426,5174,116428,116431],{},[166,116427,13594],{},[166,116429,116430],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116433,116434],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[34,116436,37],{"id":36},[39,116438,116440],{"className":41,"code":116439,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116441,116442,116449,116453,116479,116499,116519,116523,116541,116545,116558,116572],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116443,116444,116446],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116445,35628],{"class":116},[48,116447,116448],{"class":54}," copy\n",[48,116450,116451],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,116452,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116454,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,116456,12831],{"class":54},[48,116458,59],{"class":58},[48,116460,56842],{"class":62},[48,116462,3770],{"class":99},[48,116464,87],{"class":62},[48,116466,632],{"class":99},[48,116468,18785],{"class":62},[48,116470,4404],{"class":62},[48,116472,2848],{"class":99},[48,116474,87],{"class":62},[48,116476,3241],{"class":99},[48,116478,53790],{"class":62},[48,116480,116481,116484,116486,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,116482,116483],{"class":54},"shallow ",[48,116485,59],{"class":58},[48,116487,116488],{"class":54}," copy",[48,116490,134],{"class":62},[48,116492,13652],{"class":137},[48,116494,151],{"class":62},[48,116496,12878],{"class":137},[48,116498,162],{"class":62},[48,116500,116501,116504,116506,116508,116510,116513,116515,116517],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,116502,116503],{"class":54},"deep ",[48,116505,59],{"class":58},[48,116507,116488],{"class":54},[48,116509,134],{"class":62},[48,116511,116512],{"class":137},"deepcopy",[48,116514,151],{"class":62},[48,116516,12878],{"class":137},[48,116518,162],{"class":62},[48,116520,116521],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,116522,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116524,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537,116539],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,116526,12878],{"class":54},[48,116528,682],{"class":62},[48,116530,2904],{"class":99},[48,116532,14284],{"class":62},[48,116534,14287],{"class":137},[48,116536,151],{"class":62},[48,116538,56895],{"class":99},[48,116540,162],{"class":62},[48,116542,116543],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,116544,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116546,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,116548,276],{"class":147},[48,116550,151],{"class":62},[48,116552,12878],{"class":137},[48,116554,4442],{"class":62},[48,116556,116557],{"class":4445},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[48,116559,116560,116562,116564,116567,116569],{"class":50,"line":7207},[48,116561,276],{"class":147},[48,116563,151],{"class":62},[48,116565,116566],{"class":137},"shallow",[48,116568,4442],{"class":62},[48,116570,116571],{"class":4445},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[48,116573,116574,116576,116578,116581,116583],{"class":50,"line":12342},[48,116575,276],{"class":147},[48,116577,151],{"class":62},[48,116579,116580],{"class":137},"deep",[48,116582,4442],{"class":62},[48,116584,116585],{"class":4445},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116587,189,116588,116591,116592,5174,116594,116597],{},[15,116589,116590],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[166,116593,13594],{},[15,116595,116596],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[34,116599,116601],{"id":116600},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[209,116603,116604,116607,116610,116613,116616],{},[212,116605,116606],{},"What a copy means in Python",[212,116608,116609],{},"How shallow copy works",[212,116611,116612],{},"How deep copy works",[212,116614,116615],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[212,116617,116618],{},"When to use each approach",[34,116620,116622],{"id":116621},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116624,15917,116625,116627,116628,116630],{},[166,116626,13594],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[166,116629,5413],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116632,579],{},[209,116634,116635,116638,116641],{},[212,116636,116637],{},"the outer container is new",[212,116639,116640],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[212,116642,116643],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116645,226],{},[39,116647,116649],{"className":41,"code":116648,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116650,116651,116677,116691,116695,116713,116717,116730],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116652,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116654,12831],{"class":54},[48,116656,59],{"class":58},[48,116658,56842],{"class":62},[48,116660,3770],{"class":99},[48,116662,87],{"class":62},[48,116664,632],{"class":99},[48,116666,18785],{"class":62},[48,116668,4404],{"class":62},[48,116670,2848],{"class":99},[48,116672,87],{"class":62},[48,116674,3241],{"class":99},[48,116676,53790],{"class":62},[48,116678,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,116680,15042],{"class":54},[48,116682,59],{"class":58},[48,116684,12906],{"class":54},[48,116686,134],{"class":62},[48,116688,13652],{"class":137},[48,116690,380],{"class":62},[48,116692,116693],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,116694,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116696,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,116698,15061],{"class":54},[48,116700,134],{"class":62},[48,116702,14287],{"class":137},[48,116704,3767],{"class":62},[48,116706,2921],{"class":99},[48,116708,87],{"class":62},[48,116710,38184],{"class":99},[48,116712,4670],{"class":62},[48,116714,116715],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,116716,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116718,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,116720,276],{"class":147},[48,116722,151],{"class":62},[48,116724,12878],{"class":137},[48,116726,4442],{"class":62},[48,116728,116729],{"class":4445},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[48,116731,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,116733,276],{"class":147},[48,116735,151],{"class":62},[48,116737,15061],{"class":137},[48,116739,4442],{"class":62},[48,116741,116742],{"class":4445},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116744,116745,116746,116748],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116747,15061],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116750,116751],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[39,116753,116755],{"className":41,"code":116754,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116756,116757,116783,116797,116801,116819,116823,116835],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116758,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777,116779,116781],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116760,12831],{"class":54},[48,116762,59],{"class":58},[48,116764,56842],{"class":62},[48,116766,3770],{"class":99},[48,116768,87],{"class":62},[48,116770,632],{"class":99},[48,116772,18785],{"class":62},[48,116774,4404],{"class":62},[48,116776,2848],{"class":99},[48,116778,87],{"class":62},[48,116780,3241],{"class":99},[48,116782,53790],{"class":62},[48,116784,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,116786,15042],{"class":54},[48,116788,59],{"class":58},[48,116790,12906],{"class":54},[48,116792,134],{"class":62},[48,116794,13652],{"class":137},[48,116796,380],{"class":62},[48,116798,116799],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,116800,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116802,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,116804,15061],{"class":54},[48,116806,682],{"class":62},[48,116808,2904],{"class":99},[48,116810,14284],{"class":62},[48,116812,14287],{"class":137},[48,116814,151],{"class":62},[48,116816,56895],{"class":99},[48,116818,162],{"class":62},[48,116820,116821],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,116822,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116824,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,116826,276],{"class":147},[48,116828,151],{"class":62},[48,116830,12878],{"class":137},[48,116832,4442],{"class":62},[48,116834,116557],{"class":4445},[48,116836,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,116838,276],{"class":147},[48,116840,151],{"class":62},[48,116842,15061],{"class":137},[48,116844,4442],{"class":62},[48,116846,116847],{"class":4445},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116849,116850,116851,5174,116853,116856],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116852,56999],{},[15,116854,116855],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116858,116859,116860,134],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[348,116861,44480],{"href":12810},[34,116863,116865],{"id":116864},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116867,15917,116868,116870],{},[166,116869,116430],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116872,579],{},[209,116874,116875,116877,116880],{},[212,116876,116637],{},[212,116878,116879],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[212,116881,116882],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116884,226],{},[39,116886,116888],{"className":41,"code":116887,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116889,116890,116896,116900,116926,116944,116948,116966,116970,116982],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116891,116892,116894],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116893,35628],{"class":116},[48,116895,116448],{"class":54},[48,116897,116898],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,116899,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116901,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,116903,12831],{"class":54},[48,116905,59],{"class":58},[48,116907,56842],{"class":62},[48,116909,3770],{"class":99},[48,116911,87],{"class":62},[48,116913,632],{"class":99},[48,116915,18785],{"class":62},[48,116917,4404],{"class":62},[48,116919,2848],{"class":99},[48,116921,87],{"class":62},[48,116923,3241],{"class":99},[48,116925,53790],{"class":62},[48,116927,116928,116930,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,116929,15042],{"class":54},[48,116931,59],{"class":58},[48,116933,116488],{"class":54},[48,116935,134],{"class":62},[48,116937,116512],{"class":137},[48,116939,151],{"class":62},[48,116941,12878],{"class":137},[48,116943,162],{"class":62},[48,116945,116946],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,116947,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116949,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,116951,15061],{"class":54},[48,116953,682],{"class":62},[48,116955,2904],{"class":99},[48,116957,14284],{"class":62},[48,116959,14287],{"class":137},[48,116961,151],{"class":62},[48,116963,56895],{"class":99},[48,116965,162],{"class":62},[48,116967,116968],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,116969,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,116971,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,116973,276],{"class":147},[48,116975,151],{"class":62},[48,116977,12878],{"class":137},[48,116979,4442],{"class":62},[48,116981,116729],{"class":4445},[48,116983,116984,116986,116988,116990,116992],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,116985,276],{"class":147},[48,116987,151],{"class":62},[48,116989,15061],{"class":137},[48,116991,4442],{"class":62},[48,116993,116847],{"class":4445},[20,116995,116996,116997,116999,117000,134],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116998,116855],{}," does not change ",[15,117001,56999],{},[34,117003,117005],{"id":117004},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,117007,117008],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,117010,117011],{},"Common reasons:",[209,117013,117014,117017,117020,117026],{},[212,117015,117016],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[212,117018,117019],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[212,117021,117022,117023,117025],{},"Assignment with ",[15,117024,59],{}," does not make a copy",[212,117027,117028],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,117030,117031,117032,117034],{},"For example, this does ",[166,117033,5413],{}," create a copy:",[39,117036,117038],{"className":41,"code":117037,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117039,117040,117060,117068,117072,117086,117090,117102],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117041,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056,117058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117043,12831],{"class":54},[48,117045,59],{"class":58},[48,117047,4404],{"class":62},[48,117049,3770],{"class":99},[48,117051,87],{"class":62},[48,117053,632],{"class":99},[48,117055,87],{"class":62},[48,117057,800],{"class":99},[48,117059,1465],{"class":62},[48,117061,117062,117064,117066],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117063,15042],{"class":54},[48,117065,59],{"class":58},[48,117067,12869],{"class":54},[48,117069,117070],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117071,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117073,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117075,15061],{"class":54},[48,117077,134],{"class":62},[48,117079,14287],{"class":137},[48,117081,151],{"class":62},[48,117083,3288],{"class":99},[48,117085,162],{"class":62},[48,117087,117088],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,117089,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117091,117092,117094,117096,117098,117100],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,117093,276],{"class":147},[48,117095,151],{"class":62},[48,117097,12878],{"class":137},[48,117099,4442],{"class":62},[48,117101,56249],{"class":4445},[48,117103,117104,117106,117108,117110,117112],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,117105,276],{"class":147},[48,117107,151],{"class":62},[48,117109,15061],{"class":137},[48,117111,4442],{"class":62},[48,117113,117114],{"class":4445},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,117116,117117],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[34,117119,117121],{"id":117120},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,117123,117124],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1752,117126,117128],{"id":117127},"assignment","Assignment",[20,117130,117131],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[39,117133,117135],{"className":41,"code":117134,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,117136,117137,117163,117171,117175],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117138,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117140,12831],{"class":54},[48,117142,59],{"class":58},[48,117144,56842],{"class":62},[48,117146,3770],{"class":99},[48,117148,87],{"class":62},[48,117150,632],{"class":99},[48,117152,18785],{"class":62},[48,117154,4404],{"class":62},[48,117156,2848],{"class":99},[48,117158,87],{"class":62},[48,117160,3241],{"class":99},[48,117162,53790],{"class":62},[48,117164,117165,117167,117169],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117166,14833],{"class":54},[48,117168,59],{"class":58},[48,117170,12869],{"class":54},[48,117172,117173],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117174,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117176,117177,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117178,276],{"class":147},[48,117180,151],{"class":62},[48,117182,12831],{"class":137},[48,117184,12939],{"class":116},[48,117186,14901],{"class":137},[48,117188,4442],{"class":62},[48,117190,4446],{"class":4445},[20,117192,117193],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1752,117195,117197],{"id":117196},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,117199,117200],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[39,117202,117204],{"className":41,"code":117203,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,117205,117206,117232,117246,117250,117267],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117207,117208,117210,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117209,12831],{"class":54},[48,117211,59],{"class":58},[48,117213,56842],{"class":62},[48,117215,3770],{"class":99},[48,117217,87],{"class":62},[48,117219,632],{"class":99},[48,117221,18785],{"class":62},[48,117223,4404],{"class":62},[48,117225,2848],{"class":99},[48,117227,87],{"class":62},[48,117229,3241],{"class":99},[48,117231,53790],{"class":62},[48,117233,117234,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117235,116483],{"class":54},[48,117237,59],{"class":58},[48,117239,12906],{"class":54},[48,117241,134],{"class":62},[48,117243,13652],{"class":137},[48,117245,380],{"class":62},[48,117247,117248],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117249,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117251,117252,117254,117256,117258,117260,117263,117265],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117253,276],{"class":147},[48,117255,151],{"class":62},[48,117257,12831],{"class":137},[48,117259,12939],{"class":116},[48,117261,117262],{"class":137}," shallow",[48,117264,4442],{"class":62},[48,117266,21918],{"class":4445},[48,117268,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279,117281,117283,117285,117287,117289,117291],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,117270,276],{"class":147},[48,117272,151],{"class":62},[48,117274,12878],{"class":137},[48,117276,682],{"class":62},[48,117278,2904],{"class":99},[48,117280,692],{"class":62},[48,117282,8863],{"class":116},[48,117284,117262],{"class":137},[48,117286,682],{"class":62},[48,117288,2904],{"class":99},[48,117290,21164],{"class":62},[48,117292,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,117294,117296],{"id":117295},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,117298,117299],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[39,117301,117303],{"className":41,"code":117302,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117304,117305,117311,117315,117341,117359,117363,117381],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117306,117307,117309],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117308,35628],{"class":116},[48,117310,116448],{"class":54},[48,117312,117313],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117314,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117316,117317,117319,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117318,12831],{"class":54},[48,117320,59],{"class":58},[48,117322,56842],{"class":62},[48,117324,3770],{"class":99},[48,117326,87],{"class":62},[48,117328,632],{"class":99},[48,117330,18785],{"class":62},[48,117332,4404],{"class":62},[48,117334,2848],{"class":99},[48,117336,87],{"class":62},[48,117338,3241],{"class":99},[48,117340,53790],{"class":62},[48,117342,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117344,116503],{"class":54},[48,117346,59],{"class":58},[48,117348,116488],{"class":54},[48,117350,134],{"class":62},[48,117352,116512],{"class":137},[48,117354,151],{"class":62},[48,117356,12878],{"class":137},[48,117358,162],{"class":62},[48,117360,117361],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,117362,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117364,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117376,117378],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,117366,276],{"class":147},[48,117368,151],{"class":62},[48,117370,12831],{"class":137},[48,117372,12939],{"class":116},[48,117374,117375],{"class":137}," deep",[48,117377,4442],{"class":62},[48,117379,117380],{"class":4445},"         # False\n",[48,117382,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397,117399,117401,117403,117405],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,117384,276],{"class":147},[48,117386,151],{"class":62},[48,117388,12878],{"class":137},[48,117390,682],{"class":62},[48,117392,2904],{"class":99},[48,117394,692],{"class":62},[48,117396,8863],{"class":116},[48,117398,117375],{"class":137},[48,117400,682],{"class":62},[48,117402,2904],{"class":99},[48,117404,21164],{"class":62},[48,117406,44416],{"class":4445},[34,117408,117410],{"id":117409},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117412,117413,117414,76],{},"These all make ",[166,117415,117416],{},"shallow copies",[209,117418,117419,117423,117427,117432,117438],{},[212,117420,117421],{},[15,117422,56149],{},[212,117424,117425],{},[15,117426,13180],{},[212,117428,117429],{},[15,117430,117431],{},"set.copy()",[212,117433,117434,117435],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117436,117437],{},"my_list[:]",[212,117439,117440,117442,117443,35618],{},[15,117441,116590],{}," from the ",[15,117444,13652],{},[20,117446,2910],{},[39,117448,117450],{"className":41,"code":117449,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117451,117452,117472,117476,117490,117501,117505,117517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117453,117454,117456,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117455,2232],{"class":54},[48,117457,59],{"class":58},[48,117459,4404],{"class":62},[48,117461,3770],{"class":99},[48,117463,87],{"class":62},[48,117465,632],{"class":99},[48,117467,87],{"class":62},[48,117469,800],{"class":99},[48,117471,1465],{"class":62},[48,117473,117474],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117475,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117477,117478,117480,117482,117484,117486,117488],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117479,3338],{"class":54},[48,117481,59],{"class":58},[48,117483,2292],{"class":54},[48,117485,134],{"class":62},[48,117487,13652],{"class":137},[48,117489,380],{"class":62},[48,117491,117492,117494,117496,117498],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117493,3365],{"class":54},[48,117495,59],{"class":58},[48,117497,2292],{"class":54},[48,117499,117500],{"class":62},"[:]\n",[48,117502,117503],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,117504,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117506,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,117508,276],{"class":147},[48,117510,151],{"class":62},[48,117512,348],{"class":137},[48,117514,4442],{"class":62},[48,117516,55480],{"class":4445},[48,117518,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,117520,276],{"class":147},[48,117522,151],{"class":62},[48,117524,2059],{"class":137},[48,117526,4442],{"class":62},[48,117528,55480],{"class":4445},[20,117530,73691,117531,48079,117535,134],{},[348,117532,117533,2689],{"href":55508},[15,117534,56149],{},[348,117536,117537,2689],{"href":13177},[15,117538,13180],{},[34,117540,117542],{"id":117541},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117544,117545],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[209,117547,117548,117551,117554],{},[212,117549,117550],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[212,117552,117553],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[212,117555,117556],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117558,117559],{},"Example with a flat list:",[39,117561,117563],{"className":41,"code":117562,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117564,117565,117585,117599,117603,117617,117621,117633],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117566,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117568,12831],{"class":54},[48,117570,59],{"class":58},[48,117572,4404],{"class":62},[48,117574,3770],{"class":99},[48,117576,87],{"class":62},[48,117578,632],{"class":99},[48,117580,87],{"class":62},[48,117582,800],{"class":99},[48,117584,1465],{"class":62},[48,117586,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117588,15042],{"class":54},[48,117590,59],{"class":58},[48,117592,12906],{"class":54},[48,117594,134],{"class":62},[48,117596,13652],{"class":137},[48,117598,380],{"class":62},[48,117600,117601],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117602,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117604,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117606,15061],{"class":54},[48,117608,134],{"class":62},[48,117610,14287],{"class":137},[48,117612,151],{"class":62},[48,117614,3288],{"class":99},[48,117616,162],{"class":62},[48,117618,117619],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,117620,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117622,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,117624,276],{"class":147},[48,117626,151],{"class":62},[48,117628,12878],{"class":137},[48,117630,4442],{"class":62},[48,117632,55480],{"class":4445},[48,117634,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,117636,276],{"class":147},[48,117638,151],{"class":62},[48,117640,15061],{"class":137},[48,117642,4442],{"class":62},[48,117644,117114],{"class":4445},[20,117646,117647],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117649,117650,117651,134],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[348,117652,15617],{"href":57768},[34,117654,117656],{"id":117655},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117658,117659],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[209,117661,117662,117665,117668],{},[212,117663,117664],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[212,117666,117667],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[212,117669,117670],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117672,117673],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[39,117675,117677],{"className":41,"code":117676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117678,117679,117685,117689,117715,117729,117747,117751,117773,117777,117790,117803],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117680,117681,117683],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117682,35628],{"class":116},[48,117684,116448],{"class":54},[48,117686,117687],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117688,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117690,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117692,12831],{"class":54},[48,117694,59],{"class":58},[48,117696,63],{"class":62},[48,117698,67],{"class":66},[48,117700,486],{"class":70},[48,117702,67],{"class":66},[48,117704,76],{"class":62},[48,117706,4404],{"class":62},[48,117708,3114],{"class":99},[48,117710,87],{"class":62},[48,117712,2506],{"class":99},[48,117714,14439],{"class":62},[48,117716,117717,117719,117721,117723,117725,117727],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117718,116483],{"class":54},[48,117720,59],{"class":58},[48,117722,12906],{"class":54},[48,117724,134],{"class":62},[48,117726,13652],{"class":137},[48,117728,380],{"class":62},[48,117730,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,117732,116503],{"class":54},[48,117734,59],{"class":58},[48,117736,116488],{"class":54},[48,117738,134],{"class":62},[48,117740,116512],{"class":137},[48,117742,151],{"class":62},[48,117744,12878],{"class":137},[48,117746,162],{"class":62},[48,117748,117749],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,117750,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117752,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,117754,12878],{"class":54},[48,117756,682],{"class":62},[48,117758,67],{"class":66},[48,117760,486],{"class":70},[48,117762,67],{"class":66},[48,117764,14284],{"class":62},[48,117766,14287],{"class":137},[48,117768,151],{"class":62},[48,117770,37381],{"class":99},[48,117772,162],{"class":62},[48,117774,117775],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,117776,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117778,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,117780,276],{"class":147},[48,117782,151],{"class":62},[48,117784,12878],{"class":137},[48,117786,4442],{"class":62},[48,117788,117789],{"class":4445},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[48,117791,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800],{"class":50,"line":7207},[48,117793,276],{"class":147},[48,117795,151],{"class":62},[48,117797,116566],{"class":137},[48,117799,4442],{"class":62},[48,117801,117802],{"class":4445},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[48,117804,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813],{"class":50,"line":12342},[48,117806,276],{"class":147},[48,117808,151],{"class":62},[48,117810,116580],{"class":137},[48,117812,4442],{"class":62},[48,117814,117815],{"class":4445},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117817,117818],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[34,117820,117822],{"id":117821},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117824,117825],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[209,117827,117828,117831,117834,117837],{},[212,117829,117830],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[212,117832,117833],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[212,117835,117836],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[212,117838,117839],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117841,117842],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[39,117844,117846],{"className":41,"code":117845,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117847,117848,117856,117864,117868,117876,117880,117892],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117849,117850,117852,117854],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117851,3338],{"class":54},[48,117853,59],{"class":58},[48,117855,3370],{"class":99},[48,117857,117858,117860,117862],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117859,3365],{"class":54},[48,117861,59],{"class":58},[48,117863,36714],{"class":54},[48,117865,117866],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117867,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117869,117870,117872,117874],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117871,3365],{"class":54},[48,117873,59],{"class":58},[48,117875,15344],{"class":99},[48,117877,117878],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,117879,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,117881,117882,117884,117886,117888,117890],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,117883,276],{"class":147},[48,117885,151],{"class":62},[48,117887,348],{"class":137},[48,117889,4442],{"class":62},[48,117891,27327],{"class":4445},[48,117893,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,117895,276],{"class":147},[48,117897,151],{"class":62},[48,117899,2059],{"class":137},[48,117901,4442],{"class":62},[48,117903,28148],{"class":4445},[20,117905,94062,117906,117909],{},[348,117907,117908],{"href":12810},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[34,117911,1745],{"id":1744},[20,117913,117914],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[209,117916,117917,117921,117926,117931,117934],{},[212,117918,9185,117919,57332],{},[15,117920,59],{},[212,117922,9185,117923,117925],{},[15,117924,56149],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[212,117927,9185,117928,117930],{},[15,117929,13180],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[212,117932,117933],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[212,117935,117936],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117938,117939],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[39,117941,117943],{"className":41,"code":117942,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117944,117945,117959,117973,117995,118026],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117946,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117948,276],{"class":147},[48,117950,151],{"class":62},[48,117952,12831],{"class":137},[48,117954,12939],{"class":116},[48,117956,15115],{"class":137},[48,117958,162],{"class":62},[48,117960,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,117962,276],{"class":147},[48,117964,151],{"class":62},[48,117966,12831],{"class":137},[48,117968,2308],{"class":58},[48,117970,15115],{"class":137},[48,117972,162],{"class":62},[48,117974,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,117976,276],{"class":147},[48,117978,151],{"class":62},[48,117980,13393],{"class":147},[48,117982,151],{"class":62},[48,117984,12878],{"class":137},[48,117986,327],{"class":62},[48,117988,15546],{"class":147},[48,117990,151],{"class":62},[48,117992,15061],{"class":137},[48,117994,670],{"class":62},[48,117996,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,117998,276],{"class":147},[48,118000,151],{"class":62},[48,118002,13393],{"class":147},[48,118004,151],{"class":62},[48,118006,12878],{"class":137},[48,118008,682],{"class":62},[48,118010,2904],{"class":99},[48,118012,118013],{"class":62},"]),",[48,118015,15546],{"class":147},[48,118017,151],{"class":62},[48,118019,15061],{"class":137},[48,118021,682],{"class":62},[48,118023,2904],{"class":99},[48,118025,3781],{"class":62},[48,118027,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,118029,276],{"class":147},[48,118031,151],{"class":62},[48,118033,2094],{"class":281},[48,118035,151],{"class":62},[48,118037,12878],{"class":137},[48,118039,670],{"class":62},[20,118041,118042],{},"What they tell you:",[209,118044,118045,118050,118055,118060,118070],{},[212,118046,118047,118049],{},[15,118048,12939],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[212,118051,118052,118054],{},[15,118053,2308],{}," checks whether values are equal",[212,118056,118057,118059],{},[15,118058,44032],{}," shows the identity of an object",[212,118061,118062,118063,5174,118066,118069],{},"comparing ",[15,118064,118065],{},"id(original[0])",[15,118067,118068],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[212,118071,118072,118074],{},[15,118073,3085],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[34,118076,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,118078,118080],{"id":118079},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,118082,118083],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1752,118085,57818],{"id":57733},[20,118087,118088],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1752,118090,118092],{"id":118091},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,118094,118095],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1752,118097,118099],{"id":118098},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,118101,118102],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1752,118104,118106],{"id":118105},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,118108,118109],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[34,118111,2679],{"id":2678},[209,118113,118114,118119,118125,118131,118135],{},[212,118115,118116],{},[348,118117,118118],{"href":12810},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[212,118120,118121],{},[348,118122,4356,118123,2689],{"href":55508},[15,118124,56149],{},[212,118126,118127],{},[348,118128,4356,118129,2689],{"href":13177},[15,118130,13180],{},[212,118132,118133],{},[348,118134,15694],{"href":57768},[212,118136,118137],{},[348,118138,118139],{"href":59043},"What is a list in Python?",[2711,118141,118142],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":118144},[118145,118146,118147,118148,118149,118150,118155,118156,118157,118158,118159,118160,118167],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":116600,"depth":106,"text":116601},{"id":116621,"depth":106,"text":116622},{"id":116864,"depth":106,"text":116865},{"id":117004,"depth":106,"text":117005},{"id":117120,"depth":106,"text":117121,"children":118151},[118152,118153,118154],{"id":117127,"depth":113,"text":117128},{"id":117196,"depth":113,"text":117197},{"id":117295,"depth":113,"text":117296},{"id":117409,"depth":106,"text":117410},{"id":117541,"depth":106,"text":117542},{"id":117655,"depth":106,"text":117656},{"id":117821,"depth":106,"text":117822},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":118161},[118162,118163,118164,118165,118166],{"id":118079,"depth":113,"text":118080},{"id":57733,"depth":113,"text":57818},{"id":118091,"depth":113,"text":118092},{"id":118098,"depth":113,"text":118099},{"id":118105,"depth":113,"text":118106},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116401,"description":118168},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118174,"title":118175,"body":118176,"description":120033,"extension":2749,"meta":120034,"navigation":109,"path":120035,"seo":120036,"stem":120037,"__hash__":120038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118177,"toc":119991},[118178,118183,118188,118196,118198,118266,118271,118276,118291,118294,118296,118327,118329,118349,118352,118367,118369,118372,118445,118447,118492,118494,118505,118510,118514,118519,118522,118561,118563,118583,118586,118643,118645,118680,118683,118722,118724,118744,118747,118778,118780,118836,118838,118843,118914,118916,118949,118954,118959,119024,119026,119063,119066,119143,119145,119205,119212,119217,119220,119223,119304,119306,119347,119352,119355,119433,119435,119468,119477,119484,119487,119498,119501,119512,119516,119524,119533,119537,119542,119546,119551,119594,119597,119603,119606,119608,119655,119660,119664,119667,119716,119718,119739,119742,119744,119769,119772,119893,119898,119900,119905,119908,119913,119916,119924,119929,119936,119939,119947,119950,119952,119988],[10,118179,4356,118181,4360],{"id":118180},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,118182,74975],{},[20,118184,118185,118187],{},[15,118186,74975],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,118189,118190,118191,2973,118193,118195],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,118192,78418],{},[15,118194,74975],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[34,118197,4390],{"id":4389},[39,118199,118201],{"className":41,"code":118200,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118202,118203,118223,118237,118241,118253],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118204,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118206,2232],{"class":54},[48,118208,59],{"class":58},[48,118210,4404],{"class":62},[48,118212,2848],{"class":99},[48,118214,87],{"class":62},[48,118216,618],{"class":99},[48,118218,87],{"class":62},[48,118220,632],{"class":99},[48,118222,1465],{"class":62},[48,118224,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118226,449],{"class":54},[48,118228,59],{"class":58},[48,118230,75109],{"class":147},[48,118232,151],{"class":62},[48,118234,2411],{"class":137},[48,118236,162],{"class":62},[48,118238,118239],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,118240,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,118242,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,118244,276],{"class":147},[48,118246,151],{"class":62},[48,118248,474],{"class":137},[48,118250,4442],{"class":62},[48,118252,56236],{"class":4445},[48,118254,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,118256,276],{"class":147},[48,118258,151],{"class":62},[48,118260,2411],{"class":137},[48,118262,4442],{"class":62},[48,118264,118265],{"class":4445},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,118267,118268,118270],{},[15,118269,74975],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[34,118272,196,118274,199],{"id":118273},"what-sorted-does",[15,118275,74975],{},[209,118277,118278,118282,118285,118288],{},[212,118279,118280,63476],{},[15,118281,74975],{},[212,118283,118284],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[212,118286,118287],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[212,118289,118290],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,118292,118293],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[34,118295,360],{"id":359},[39,118297,118299],{"className":41,"code":118298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118300,118301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118302,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118304,75065],{"class":147},[48,118306,151],{"class":62},[48,118308,4502],{"class":137},[48,118310,87],{"class":62},[48,118312,120],{"class":9941},[48,118314,59],{"class":58},[48,118316,4560],{"class":1642},[48,118318,87],{"class":62},[48,118320,78621],{"class":9941},[48,118322,59],{"class":58},[48,118324,4456],{"class":1642},[48,118326,162],{"class":62},[1752,118328,18119],{"id":18118},[209,118330,118331,118336,118341],{},[212,118332,118333,118335],{},[15,118334,4502],{},": the values to sort",[212,118337,118338,118340],{},[15,118339,154],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[212,118342,118343,118345,118346,118348],{},[15,118344,74128],{},": set to ",[15,118347,4385],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118350,118351],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[39,118353,118355],{"className":41,"code":118354,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118356,118357],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118358,118359,118361,118363,118365],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118360,75065],{"class":147},[48,118362,151],{"class":62},[48,118364,60857],{"class":137},[48,118366,162],{"class":62},[34,118368,12225],{"id":12224},[20,118370,118371],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[39,118373,118375],{"className":41,"code":118374,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118376,118377,118401,118405,118420,118424,118435],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118378,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118380,2232],{"class":54},[48,118382,59],{"class":58},[48,118384,4404],{"class":62},[48,118386,2921],{"class":99},[48,118388,87],{"class":62},[48,118390,632],{"class":99},[48,118392,87],{"class":62},[48,118394,7134],{"class":99},[48,118396,87],{"class":62},[48,118398,618],{"class":99},[48,118400,1465],{"class":62},[48,118402,118403],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118404,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,118406,118407,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,118408,118409],{"class":54},"sorted_numbers ",[48,118411,59],{"class":58},[48,118413,75109],{"class":147},[48,118415,151],{"class":62},[48,118417,2411],{"class":137},[48,118419,162],{"class":62},[48,118421,118422],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,118423,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,118425,118426,118428,118430,118433],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,118427,276],{"class":147},[48,118429,151],{"class":62},[48,118431,118432],{"class":137},"sorted_numbers",[48,118434,162],{"class":62},[48,118436,118437,118439,118441,118443],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,118438,276],{"class":147},[48,118440,151],{"class":62},[48,118442,2411],{"class":137},[48,118444,162],{"class":62},[20,118446,168],{},[39,118448,118450],{"className":41,"code":118449,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118451,118452,118472],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118453,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118455,682],{"class":62},[48,118457,3770],{"class":99},[48,118459,87],{"class":62},[48,118461,632],{"class":99},[48,118463,87],{"class":62},[48,118465,5387],{"class":99},[48,118467,87],{"class":62},[48,118469,7134],{"class":99},[48,118471,1465],{"class":62},[48,118473,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118475,682],{"class":62},[48,118477,2921],{"class":99},[48,118479,87],{"class":62},[48,118481,632],{"class":99},[48,118483,87],{"class":62},[48,118485,7134],{"class":99},[48,118487,87],{"class":62},[48,118489,618],{"class":99},[48,118491,1465],{"class":62},[20,118493,14496],{},[209,118495,118496,118501],{},[212,118497,118498,118500],{},[15,118499,118432],{}," is a new sorted list",[212,118502,118503,113037],{},[15,118504,2411],{},[20,118506,118507,118508,134],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[348,118509,78928],{"href":78927},[34,118511,118513],{"id":118512},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118515,118516,118518],{},[15,118517,74975],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1752,118520,118521],{"id":282},"List",[39,118523,118525],{"className":41,"code":118524,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118526,118527,118547],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118528,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118530,2232],{"class":54},[48,118532,59],{"class":58},[48,118534,4404],{"class":62},[48,118536,2848],{"class":99},[48,118538,87],{"class":62},[48,118540,618],{"class":99},[48,118542,87],{"class":62},[48,118544,632],{"class":99},[48,118546,1465],{"class":62},[48,118548,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118550,276],{"class":147},[48,118552,151],{"class":62},[48,118554,75065],{"class":147},[48,118556,151],{"class":62},[48,118558,2411],{"class":137},[48,118560,670],{"class":62},[20,118562,168],{},[39,118564,118565],{"className":41,"code":55698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,118566,118567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118568,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118570,682],{"class":62},[48,118572,3770],{"class":99},[48,118574,87],{"class":62},[48,118576,632],{"class":99},[48,118578,87],{"class":62},[48,118580,800],{"class":99},[48,118582,1465],{"class":62},[1752,118584,118585],{"id":49499},"Tuple",[39,118587,118589],{"className":41,"code":118588,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118590,118591,118611,118625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118592,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118594,4605],{"class":54},[48,118596,59],{"class":58},[48,118598,330],{"class":62},[48,118600,2848],{"class":99},[48,118602,87],{"class":62},[48,118604,618],{"class":99},[48,118606,87],{"class":62},[48,118608,632],{"class":99},[48,118610,162],{"class":62},[48,118612,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118614,276],{"class":147},[48,118616,151],{"class":62},[48,118618,75065],{"class":147},[48,118620,151],{"class":62},[48,118622,1415],{"class":137},[48,118624,670],{"class":62},[48,118626,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,118628,276],{"class":147},[48,118630,151],{"class":62},[48,118632,2094],{"class":281},[48,118634,151],{"class":62},[48,118636,75065],{"class":147},[48,118638,151],{"class":62},[48,118640,1415],{"class":137},[48,118642,3693],{"class":62},[20,118644,168],{},[39,118646,118648],{"className":41,"code":118647,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118649,118650,118666],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118651,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118653,682],{"class":62},[48,118655,3770],{"class":99},[48,118657,87],{"class":62},[48,118659,632],{"class":99},[48,118661,87],{"class":62},[48,118663,800],{"class":99},[48,118665,1465],{"class":62},[48,118667,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118669,2168],{"class":58},[48,118671,2171],{"class":915},[48,118673,320],{"class":66},[48,118675,282],{"class":70},[48,118677,311],{"class":66},[48,118679,2180],{"class":58},[1752,118681,118682],{"id":7062},"Set",[39,118684,118686],{"className":41,"code":118685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118687,118688,118708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118689,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118691,4605],{"class":54},[48,118693,59],{"class":58},[48,118695,63],{"class":62},[48,118697,2848],{"class":99},[48,118699,87],{"class":62},[48,118701,618],{"class":99},[48,118703,87],{"class":62},[48,118705,632],{"class":99},[48,118707,103],{"class":62},[48,118709,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118711,276],{"class":147},[48,118713,151],{"class":62},[48,118715,75065],{"class":147},[48,118717,151],{"class":62},[48,118719,1415],{"class":137},[48,118721,670],{"class":62},[20,118723,168],{},[39,118725,118726],{"className":41,"code":55698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,118727,118728],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118729,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118731,682],{"class":62},[48,118733,3770],{"class":99},[48,118735,87],{"class":62},[48,118737,632],{"class":99},[48,118739,87],{"class":62},[48,118741,800],{"class":99},[48,118743,1465],{"class":62},[1752,118745,118746],{"id":61724},"String",[39,118748,118750],{"className":41,"code":118749,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118751,118752,118764],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118753,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118755,35224],{"class":54},[48,118757,59],{"class":58},[48,118759,79],{"class":66},[48,118761,43],{"class":70},[48,118763,4138],{"class":66},[48,118765,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118767,276],{"class":147},[48,118769,151],{"class":62},[48,118771,75065],{"class":147},[48,118773,151],{"class":62},[48,118775,35245],{"class":137},[48,118777,670],{"class":62},[20,118779,168],{},[39,118781,118782],{"className":41,"code":79945,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,118783,118784],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118785,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118787,682],{"class":62},[48,118789,311],{"class":66},[48,118791,60988],{"class":70},[48,118793,311],{"class":66},[48,118795,87],{"class":62},[48,118797,320],{"class":66},[48,118799,76581],{"class":70},[48,118801,311],{"class":66},[48,118803,87],{"class":62},[48,118805,320],{"class":66},[48,118807,61023],{"class":70},[48,118809,311],{"class":66},[48,118811,87],{"class":62},[48,118813,320],{"class":66},[48,118815,20],{"class":70},[48,118817,311],{"class":66},[48,118819,87],{"class":62},[48,118821,320],{"class":66},[48,118823,63837],{"class":70},[48,118825,311],{"class":66},[48,118827,87],{"class":62},[48,118829,320],{"class":66},[48,118831,625],{"class":70},[48,118833,311],{"class":66},[48,118835,1465],{"class":62},[1752,118837,29756],{"id":16333},[20,118839,64090,118840,118842],{},[15,118841,74975],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[39,118844,118846],{"className":41,"code":118845,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118847,118848,118900],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118849,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118851,55],{"class":54},[48,118853,59],{"class":58},[48,118855,63],{"class":62},[48,118857,67],{"class":66},[48,118859,71],{"class":70},[48,118861,67],{"class":66},[48,118863,76],{"class":62},[48,118865,79],{"class":66},[48,118867,82],{"class":70},[48,118869,67],{"class":66},[48,118871,87],{"class":62},[48,118873,79],{"class":66},[48,118875,92],{"class":70},[48,118877,67],{"class":66},[48,118879,76],{"class":62},[48,118881,2506],{"class":99},[48,118883,87],{"class":62},[48,118885,79],{"class":66},[48,118887,11164],{"class":70},[48,118889,67],{"class":66},[48,118891,76],{"class":62},[48,118893,79],{"class":66},[48,118895,16760],{"class":70},[48,118897,67],{"class":66},[48,118899,103],{"class":62},[48,118901,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118903,276],{"class":147},[48,118905,151],{"class":62},[48,118907,75065],{"class":147},[48,118909,151],{"class":62},[48,118911,287],{"class":137},[48,118913,670],{"class":62},[20,118915,168],{},[39,118917,118919],{"className":41,"code":118918,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118920,118921],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118922,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118924,682],{"class":62},[48,118926,311],{"class":66},[48,118928,92],{"class":70},[48,118930,311],{"class":66},[48,118932,87],{"class":62},[48,118934,320],{"class":66},[48,118936,11164],{"class":70},[48,118938,311],{"class":66},[48,118940,87],{"class":62},[48,118942,320],{"class":66},[48,118944,71],{"class":70},[48,118946,311],{"class":66},[48,118948,1465],{"class":62},[34,118950,9185,118952],{"id":118951},"using-reversetrue",[15,118953,78642],{},[20,118955,189,118956,118958],{},[15,118957,78642],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[39,118960,118962],{"className":41,"code":118961,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118963,118964,118984,118988,119002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118965,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118967,2232],{"class":54},[48,118969,59],{"class":58},[48,118971,4404],{"class":62},[48,118973,2848],{"class":99},[48,118975,87],{"class":62},[48,118977,618],{"class":99},[48,118979,87],{"class":62},[48,118981,632],{"class":99},[48,118983,1465],{"class":62},[48,118985,118986],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,118987,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,118989,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,118991,276],{"class":147},[48,118993,151],{"class":62},[48,118995,75065],{"class":147},[48,118997,151],{"class":62},[48,118999,2411],{"class":137},[48,119001,670],{"class":62},[48,119003,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,119005,276],{"class":147},[48,119007,151],{"class":62},[48,119009,75065],{"class":147},[48,119011,151],{"class":62},[48,119013,2411],{"class":137},[48,119015,87],{"class":62},[48,119017,78621],{"class":9941},[48,119019,59],{"class":58},[48,119021,4385],{"class":1642},[48,119023,670],{"class":62},[20,119025,168],{},[39,119027,119029],{"className":41,"code":119028,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119030,119031,119047],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119032,119033,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119034,682],{"class":62},[48,119036,3770],{"class":99},[48,119038,87],{"class":62},[48,119040,632],{"class":99},[48,119042,87],{"class":62},[48,119044,800],{"class":99},[48,119046,1465],{"class":62},[48,119048,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119050,682],{"class":62},[48,119052,2848],{"class":99},[48,119054,87],{"class":62},[48,119056,632],{"class":99},[48,119058,87],{"class":62},[48,119060,618],{"class":99},[48,119062,1465],{"class":62},[20,119064,119065],{},"This also works with strings:",[39,119067,119069],{"className":41,"code":119068,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,119070,119071,119103,119107,119121],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119072,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097,119099,119101],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119074,4852],{"class":54},[48,119076,59],{"class":58},[48,119078,4404],{"class":62},[48,119080,67],{"class":66},[48,119082,1128],{"class":70},[48,119084,67],{"class":66},[48,119086,87],{"class":62},[48,119088,79],{"class":66},[48,119090,1146],{"class":70},[48,119092,67],{"class":66},[48,119094,87],{"class":62},[48,119096,79],{"class":66},[48,119098,4877],{"class":70},[48,119100,67],{"class":66},[48,119102,1465],{"class":62},[48,119104,119105],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119106,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,119108,119109,119111,119113,119115,119117,119119],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,119110,276],{"class":147},[48,119112,151],{"class":62},[48,119114,75065],{"class":147},[48,119116,151],{"class":62},[48,119118,4894],{"class":137},[48,119120,670],{"class":62},[48,119122,119123,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,119124,276],{"class":147},[48,119126,151],{"class":62},[48,119128,75065],{"class":147},[48,119130,151],{"class":62},[48,119132,4894],{"class":137},[48,119134,87],{"class":62},[48,119136,78621],{"class":9941},[48,119138,59],{"class":58},[48,119140,4385],{"class":1642},[48,119142,670],{"class":62},[20,119144,168],{},[39,119146,119147],{"className":41,"code":74709,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,119148,119149,119177],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119150,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119152,682],{"class":62},[48,119154,311],{"class":66},[48,119156,1128],{"class":70},[48,119158,311],{"class":66},[48,119160,87],{"class":62},[48,119162,320],{"class":66},[48,119164,1146],{"class":70},[48,119166,311],{"class":66},[48,119168,87],{"class":62},[48,119170,320],{"class":66},[48,119172,4877],{"class":70},[48,119174,311],{"class":66},[48,119176,1465],{"class":62},[48,119178,119179,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119180,682],{"class":62},[48,119182,311],{"class":66},[48,119184,4877],{"class":70},[48,119186,311],{"class":66},[48,119188,87],{"class":62},[48,119190,320],{"class":66},[48,119192,1146],{"class":70},[48,119194,311],{"class":66},[48,119196,87],{"class":62},[48,119198,320],{"class":66},[48,119200,1128],{"class":70},[48,119202,311],{"class":66},[48,119204,1465],{"class":62},[34,119206,9185,119208,119211],{"id":119207},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,119209,119210],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,119213,22,119214,119216],{},[15,119215,119210],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,119218,119219],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,119221,119222],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[39,119224,119226],{"className":41,"code":119225,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119227,119228,119268,119272,119294],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119229,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119231,4852],{"class":54},[48,119233,59],{"class":58},[48,119235,4404],{"class":62},[48,119237,67],{"class":66},[48,119239,79295],{"class":70},[48,119241,67],{"class":66},[48,119243,87],{"class":62},[48,119245,79],{"class":66},[48,119247,38899],{"class":70},[48,119249,67],{"class":66},[48,119251,87],{"class":62},[48,119253,79],{"class":66},[48,119255,1146],{"class":70},[48,119257,67],{"class":66},[48,119259,87],{"class":62},[48,119261,79],{"class":66},[48,119263,38882],{"class":70},[48,119265,67],{"class":66},[48,119267,1465],{"class":62},[48,119269,119270],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119271,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,119273,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,119275,449],{"class":54},[48,119277,59],{"class":58},[48,119279,75109],{"class":147},[48,119281,151],{"class":62},[48,119283,4894],{"class":137},[48,119285,87],{"class":62},[48,119287,120],{"class":9941},[48,119289,59],{"class":58},[48,119291,11914],{"class":147},[48,119293,162],{"class":62},[48,119295,119296,119298,119300,119302],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,119297,276],{"class":147},[48,119299,151],{"class":62},[48,119301,474],{"class":137},[48,119303,162],{"class":62},[20,119305,168],{},[39,119307,119309],{"className":41,"code":119308,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119310,119311],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119312,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119314,682],{"class":62},[48,119316,311],{"class":66},[48,119318,38899],{"class":70},[48,119320,311],{"class":66},[48,119322,87],{"class":62},[48,119324,320],{"class":66},[48,119326,79295],{"class":70},[48,119328,311],{"class":66},[48,119330,87],{"class":62},[48,119332,320],{"class":66},[48,119334,38882],{"class":70},[48,119336,311],{"class":66},[48,119338,87],{"class":62},[48,119340,320],{"class":66},[48,119342,1146],{"class":70},[48,119344,311],{"class":66},[48,119346,1465],{"class":62},[20,119348,21489,119349,119351],{},[15,119350,11914],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119353,119354],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[39,119356,119358],{"className":41,"code":119357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119359,119360,119393,119397,119423],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119361,119362,119364,119366,119368,119370,119372,119374,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119389,119391],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119363,4852],{"class":54},[48,119365,59],{"class":58},[48,119367,4404],{"class":62},[48,119369,67],{"class":66},[48,119371,83914],{"class":70},[48,119373,67],{"class":66},[48,119375,87],{"class":62},[48,119377,79],{"class":66},[48,119379,1128],{"class":70},[48,119381,67],{"class":66},[48,119383,87],{"class":62},[48,119385,79],{"class":66},[48,119387,119388],{"class":70},"Cherry",[48,119390,67],{"class":66},[48,119392,1465],{"class":62},[48,119394,119395],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119396,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,119398,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,119400,449],{"class":54},[48,119402,59],{"class":58},[48,119404,75109],{"class":147},[48,119406,151],{"class":62},[48,119408,4894],{"class":137},[48,119410,87],{"class":62},[48,119412,120],{"class":9941},[48,119414,59],{"class":58},[48,119416,4223],{"class":281},[48,119418,134],{"class":62},[48,119420,9407],{"class":25281},[48,119422,162],{"class":62},[48,119424,119425,119427,119429,119431],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,119426,276],{"class":147},[48,119428,151],{"class":62},[48,119430,474],{"class":137},[48,119432,162],{"class":62},[20,119434,168],{},[39,119436,119438],{"className":41,"code":119437,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119439,119440],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119441,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464,119466],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119443,682],{"class":62},[48,119445,311],{"class":66},[48,119447,1128],{"class":70},[48,119449,311],{"class":66},[48,119451,87],{"class":62},[48,119453,320],{"class":66},[48,119455,83914],{"class":70},[48,119457,311],{"class":66},[48,119459,87],{"class":62},[48,119461,320],{"class":66},[48,119463,119388],{"class":70},[48,119465,311],{"class":66},[48,119467,1465],{"class":62},[20,119469,119470,119471,35867,119473,134],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119472,42904],{},[348,119474,4356,119475,4289],{"href":42901},[15,119476,42904],{},[34,119478,119480,1306,119482],{"id":119479},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119481,74975],{},[15,119483,78418],{},[20,119485,119486],{},"The main difference is this:",[209,119488,119489,119494],{},[212,119490,119491,119493],{},[15,119492,74975],{}," returns a new list",[212,119495,119496,74513],{},[15,119497,78418],{},[20,119499,119500],{},"Also:",[209,119502,119503,119508],{},[212,119504,119505,119507],{},[15,119506,74975],{}," works with many iterables",[212,119509,119510,79851],{},[15,119511,78418],{},[20,119513,189,119514,11355],{},[15,119515,74975],{},[209,119517,119518,119521],{},[212,119519,119520],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[212,119522,119523],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119525,119526,119527,134],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[348,119528,4356,119529,1306,119531,6560],{"href":79676},[15,119530,74975],{},[15,119532,78418],{},[34,119534,119536],{"id":119535},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119538,119539,119540,134],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119541,74975],{},[1752,119543,119545],{"id":119544},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119547,119548,119549,76],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119550,3787],{},[39,119552,119554],{"className":41,"code":119553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119555,119556,119580],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119557,119558,119560,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119559,4605],{"class":54},[48,119561,59],{"class":58},[48,119563,4404],{"class":62},[48,119565,3770],{"class":99},[48,119567,87],{"class":62},[48,119569,79],{"class":66},[48,119571,2842],{"class":70},[48,119573,67],{"class":66},[48,119575,87],{"class":62},[48,119577,800],{"class":99},[48,119579,1465],{"class":62},[48,119581,119582,119584,119586,119588,119590,119592],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119583,276],{"class":147},[48,119585,151],{"class":62},[48,119587,75065],{"class":147},[48,119589,151],{"class":62},[48,119591,1415],{"class":137},[48,119593,670],{"class":62},[20,119595,119596],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1752,119598,119600,119601,3086],{"id":119599},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119602,154],{},[20,119604,119605],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119607,226],{},[39,119609,119611],{"className":41,"code":119610,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119612,119613,119633],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119614,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629,119631],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119616,2232],{"class":54},[48,119618,59],{"class":58},[48,119620,4404],{"class":62},[48,119622,3114],{"class":99},[48,119624,87],{"class":62},[48,119626,632],{"class":99},[48,119628,87],{"class":62},[48,119630,8564],{"class":99},[48,119632,1465],{"class":62},[48,119634,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119636,276],{"class":147},[48,119638,151],{"class":62},[48,119640,75065],{"class":147},[48,119642,151],{"class":62},[48,119644,2411],{"class":137},[48,119646,87],{"class":62},[48,119648,120],{"class":9941},[48,119650,59],{"class":58},[48,119652,11914],{"class":147},[48,119654,670],{"class":62},[20,119656,49056,119657,119659],{},[15,119658,42904],{}," does not work on integers.",[1752,119661,119663],{"id":119662},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119665,119666],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[39,119668,119670],{"className":41,"code":119669,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119671,119672,119692,119702,119706],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119673,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119675,2232],{"class":54},[48,119677,59],{"class":58},[48,119679,4404],{"class":62},[48,119681,2848],{"class":99},[48,119683,87],{"class":62},[48,119685,618],{"class":99},[48,119687,87],{"class":62},[48,119689,632],{"class":99},[48,119691,1465],{"class":62},[48,119693,119694,119696,119698,119700],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119695,75065],{"class":147},[48,119697,151],{"class":62},[48,119699,2411],{"class":137},[48,119701,162],{"class":62},[48,119703,119704],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,119705,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,119707,119708,119710,119712,119714],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,119709,276],{"class":147},[48,119711,151],{"class":62},[48,119713,2411],{"class":137},[48,119715,162],{"class":62},[20,119717,168],{},[39,119719,119721],{"className":41,"code":119720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119722,119723],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119724,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119726,682],{"class":62},[48,119728,2848],{"class":99},[48,119730,87],{"class":62},[48,119732,618],{"class":99},[48,119734,87],{"class":62},[48,119736,632],{"class":99},[48,119738,1465],{"class":62},[20,119740,119741],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[34,119743,1745],{"id":1744},[209,119745,119746,119750,119753,119758,119762],{},[212,119747,5361,119748,74513],{},[15,119749,74975],{},[212,119751,119752],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[212,119754,5486,119755,119757],{},[15,119756,74975],{}," always returns a list",[212,119759,9185,119760,1758],{},[15,119761,119210],{},[212,119763,30183,119764,119766,119767],{},[15,119765,64862],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119768,74975],{},[20,119770,119771],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[39,119773,119775],{"className":41,"code":119774,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119776,119777,119799,119825,119863],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119778,119779,119781,119783,119785,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119780,276],{"class":147},[48,119782,151],{"class":62},[48,119784,75065],{"class":147},[48,119786,3767],{"class":62},[48,119788,2848],{"class":99},[48,119790,87],{"class":62},[48,119792,618],{"class":99},[48,119794,87],{"class":62},[48,119796,632],{"class":99},[48,119798,3781],{"class":62},[48,119800,119801,119803,119805,119807,119809,119811,119813,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,119802,276],{"class":147},[48,119804,151],{"class":62},[48,119806,2094],{"class":281},[48,119808,151],{"class":62},[48,119810,75065],{"class":147},[48,119812,6287],{"class":62},[48,119814,2848],{"class":99},[48,119816,87],{"class":62},[48,119818,618],{"class":99},[48,119820,87],{"class":62},[48,119822,632],{"class":99},[48,119824,93918],{"class":62},[48,119826,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847,119849,119851,119853,119855,119857,119859,119861],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,119828,276],{"class":147},[48,119830,151],{"class":62},[48,119832,75065],{"class":147},[48,119834,3767],{"class":62},[48,119836,311],{"class":66},[48,119838,83914],{"class":70},[48,119840,311],{"class":66},[48,119842,87],{"class":62},[48,119844,320],{"class":66},[48,119846,1128],{"class":70},[48,119848,311],{"class":66},[48,119850,18785],{"class":62},[48,119852,120],{"class":9941},[48,119854,59],{"class":58},[48,119856,4223],{"class":281},[48,119858,134],{"class":62},[48,119860,9407],{"class":25281},[48,119862,670],{"class":62},[48,119864,119865,119867,119869,119871,119873,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,119866,276],{"class":147},[48,119868,151],{"class":62},[48,119870,75065],{"class":147},[48,119872,3767],{"class":62},[48,119874,2848],{"class":99},[48,119876,87],{"class":62},[48,119878,618],{"class":99},[48,119880,87],{"class":62},[48,119882,632],{"class":99},[48,119884,18785],{"class":62},[48,119886,78621],{"class":9941},[48,119888,59],{"class":58},[48,119890,4385],{"class":1642},[48,119892,670],{"class":62},[20,119894,119895,119896,134],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[348,119897,53319],{"href":51526},[34,119899,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,119901,2606,119903,57712],{"id":119902},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119904,74975],{},[20,119906,119907],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1752,119909,5920,119911,13459],{"id":119910},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119912,74975],{},[20,119914,119915],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1752,119917,119919,119920,11844,119922,2623],{"id":119918},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119921,74975],{},[15,119923,78418],{},[20,119925,189,119926,119928],{},[15,119927,74975],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1752,119930,5920,119932,87002,119934,2623],{"id":119931},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119933,119210],{},[15,119935,74975],{},[20,119937,119938],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1752,119940,5935,119942,119944,119945,2623],{"id":119941},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119943,74975],{}," give a ",[15,119946,3787],{},[20,119948,119949],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[34,119951,2679],{"id":2678},[209,119953,119954,119958,119966,119970,119976,119982],{},[212,119955,119956],{},[348,119957,80424],{"href":78927},[212,119959,119960],{},[348,119961,4356,119962,1306,119964,6560],{"href":79676},[15,119963,74975],{},[15,119965,78418],{},[212,119967,119968],{},[348,119969,53319],{"href":51526},[212,119971,119972],{},[348,119973,4356,119974,4289],{"href":42901},[15,119975,42904],{},[212,119977,119978],{},[348,119979,4356,119980,4289],{"href":92574},[15,119981,36287],{},[212,119983,119984],{},[348,119985,4356,119986,4289],{"href":36734},[15,119987,36737],{},[2711,119989,119990],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":119992},[119993,119994,119996,119999,120000,120007,120009,120011,120013,120019,120020,120032],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":118273,"depth":106,"text":119995},"What sorted() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":119997},[119998],{"id":18118,"depth":113,"text":18119},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":118512,"depth":106,"text":118513,"children":120001},[120002,120003,120004,120005,120006],{"id":282,"depth":113,"text":118521},{"id":49499,"depth":113,"text":118585},{"id":7062,"depth":113,"text":118682},{"id":61724,"depth":113,"text":118746},{"id":16333,"depth":113,"text":29756},{"id":118951,"depth":106,"text":120008},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119207,"depth":106,"text":120010},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119479,"depth":106,"text":120012},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119535,"depth":106,"text":119536,"children":120014},[120015,120016,120018],{"id":119544,"depth":113,"text":119545},{"id":119599,"depth":113,"text":120017},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119662,"depth":113,"text":119663},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":120021},[120022,120024,120026,120028,120030],{"id":119902,"depth":113,"text":120023},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119910,"depth":113,"text":120025},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119918,"depth":113,"text":120027},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119931,"depth":113,"text":120029},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119941,"depth":113,"text":120031},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118175,"description":120033},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":120040,"title":120041,"body":120042,"description":122153,"extension":2749,"meta":122154,"navigation":109,"path":79676,"seo":122155,"stem":122156,"__hash__":122157},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":120043,"toc":122100},[120044,120051,120054,120064,120070,120073,120091,120099,120101,120160,120168,120172,120194,120198,120202,120204,120221,120223,120235,120241,120325,120329,120376,120382,120389,120393,120398,120400,120412,120417,120470,120474,120494,120501,120508,120512,120515,120534,120538,120652,120656,120726,120728,120740,120745,120749,120762,120766,120841,120845,120884,120891,120897,120902,120906,120920,120924,120989,120993,121026,121029,121034,121042,121049,121062,121065,121069,121152,121156,121193,121197,121300,121304,121365,121370,121377,121381,121384,121390,121393,121460,121464,121488,121490,121508,121515,121568,121572,121592,121598,121600,121657,121664,121690,121695,121700,121708,121714,121774,121778,121825,121828,121830,121833,121859,121862,121955,121957,121977,121981,121984,122002,122008,122010,122018,122023,122030,122033,122039,122042,122048,122056,122064,122069,122071,122097],[10,120045,4356,120047,1306,120049,93632],{"id":120046},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,120048,74975],{},[15,120050,78418],{},[20,120052,120053],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[209,120055,120056,120060],{},[212,120057,120058],{},[15,120059,74975],{},[212,120061,120062],{},[15,120063,78418],{},[20,120065,120066,120067,120069],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[166,120068,5413],{}," behave the same way.",[20,120071,120072],{},"The main difference is simple:",[209,120074,120075,120083],{},[212,120076,189,120077,120079,120080],{},[15,120078,74975],{}," when you want a ",[166,120081,120082],{},"new sorted result",[212,120084,189,120085,120087,120088],{},[15,120086,78418],{}," when you want to ",[166,120089,120090],{},"change the original list",[20,120092,120093,120094,3181,120096,120098],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,120095,78418],{},[15,120097,4560],{}," and causes confusion.",[34,120100,4390],{"id":4389},[39,120102,120104],{"className":41,"code":120103,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,120105,120106,120126,120130,120147],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120107,120108,120110,120112,120114,120116,120118,120120,120122,120124],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120109,2232],{"class":54},[48,120111,59],{"class":58},[48,120113,4404],{"class":62},[48,120115,2848],{"class":99},[48,120117,87],{"class":62},[48,120119,618],{"class":99},[48,120121,87],{"class":62},[48,120123,632],{"class":99},[48,120125,1465],{"class":62},[48,120127,120128],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120129,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120131,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,120133,56438],{"class":54},[48,120135,59],{"class":58},[48,120137,75109],{"class":147},[48,120139,151],{"class":62},[48,120141,2411],{"class":137},[48,120143,4442],{"class":62},[48,120145,120146],{"class":4445},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[48,120148,120149,120151,120153,120155,120157],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,120150,2411],{"class":54},[48,120152,134],{"class":62},[48,120154,35336],{"class":137},[48,120156,8135],{"class":62},[48,120158,120159],{"class":4445},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,120161,189,120162,120164,120165,120167],{},[15,120163,74975],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,120166,78418],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[34,120169,120171],{"id":120170},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[209,120173,120174,120179,120184,120191],{},[212,120175,189,120176,120178],{},[15,120177,74975],{}," to get a new sorted list",[212,120180,189,120181,120183],{},[15,120182,78418],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[212,120185,120186,120187,3181,120189],{},"Understand why ",[15,120188,78418],{},[15,120190,4560],{},[212,120192,120193],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[34,120195,196,120196,199],{"id":118273},[15,120197,74975],{},[20,120199,120200,63476],{},[15,120201,74975],{},[20,120203,49473],{},[209,120205,120206,120212,120218],{},[212,120207,120208,120209],{},"returns a ",[166,120210,120211],{},"new list",[212,120213,120214,120215,120217],{},"does ",[166,120216,5413],{}," change the original data",[212,120219,120220],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,120222,51680],{},[209,120224,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233],{},[212,120226,6078],{},[212,120228,6081],{},[212,120230,6087],{},[212,120232,6084],{},[212,120234,36448],{},[1752,120236,35615,120238,120240],{"id":120237},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,120239,74975],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[39,120242,120244],{"className":41,"code":120243,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,120245,120246,120266,120270,120284,120288,120306],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120247,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120249,2232],{"class":54},[48,120251,59],{"class":58},[48,120253,4404],{"class":62},[48,120255,2848],{"class":99},[48,120257,87],{"class":62},[48,120259,618],{"class":99},[48,120261,87],{"class":62},[48,120263,632],{"class":99},[48,120265,1465],{"class":62},[48,120267,120268],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120269,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120271,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,120273,449],{"class":54},[48,120275,59],{"class":58},[48,120277,75109],{"class":147},[48,120279,151],{"class":62},[48,120281,2411],{"class":137},[48,120283,162],{"class":62},[48,120285,120286],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,120287,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120289,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,120291,276],{"class":147},[48,120293,151],{"class":62},[48,120295,67],{"class":66},[48,120297,12899],{"class":70},[48,120299,67],{"class":66},[48,120301,87],{"class":62},[48,120303,2292],{"class":137},[48,120305,162],{"class":62},[48,120307,120308,120310,120312,120314,120317,120319,120321,120323],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,120309,276],{"class":147},[48,120311,151],{"class":62},[48,120313,67],{"class":66},[48,120315,120316],{"class":70},"sorted result:",[48,120318,67],{"class":66},[48,120320,87],{"class":62},[48,120322,81768],{"class":137},[48,120324,162],{"class":62},[20,120326,120327],{},[166,120328,168],{},[39,120330,120332],{"className":41,"code":120331,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120333,120334,120354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120335,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120337,12878],{"class":54},[48,120339,76],{"class":62},[48,120341,4404],{"class":62},[48,120343,2848],{"class":99},[48,120345,87],{"class":62},[48,120347,618],{"class":99},[48,120349,87],{"class":62},[48,120351,632],{"class":99},[48,120353,1465],{"class":62},[48,120355,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120357,75065],{"class":147},[48,120359,81768],{"class":54},[48,120361,76],{"class":62},[48,120363,4404],{"class":62},[48,120365,3770],{"class":99},[48,120367,87],{"class":62},[48,120369,632],{"class":99},[48,120371,87],{"class":62},[48,120373,800],{"class":99},[48,120375,1465],{"class":62},[20,120377,120378,120379,120381],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120380,2411],{}," stays the same.",[20,120383,120384,120385,134],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[348,120386,4356,120387,4289],{"href":75072},[15,120388,74975],{},[34,120390,196,120391,199],{"id":78484},[15,120392,78418],{},[20,120394,120395,120397],{},[15,120396,64862],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120399,49473],{},[209,120401,120402,120405,120408],{},[212,120403,120404],{},"changes the original list directly",[212,120406,120407],{},"only works on lists",[212,120409,4473,120410],{},[15,120411,4560],{},[1752,120413,35615,120415,74513],{"id":120414},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120416,78418],{},[39,120418,120420],{"className":41,"code":120419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120421,120422,120442,120446,120456,120460],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120423,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120425,2232],{"class":54},[48,120427,59],{"class":58},[48,120429,4404],{"class":62},[48,120431,2848],{"class":99},[48,120433,87],{"class":62},[48,120435,618],{"class":99},[48,120437,87],{"class":62},[48,120439,632],{"class":99},[48,120441,1465],{"class":62},[48,120443,120444],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120445,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120447,120448,120450,120452,120454],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,120449,2411],{"class":54},[48,120451,134],{"class":62},[48,120453,35336],{"class":137},[48,120455,380],{"class":62},[48,120457,120458],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,120459,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120461,120462,120464,120466,120468],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,120463,276],{"class":147},[48,120465,151],{"class":62},[48,120467,2411],{"class":137},[48,120469,162],{"class":62},[20,120471,120472],{},[166,120473,168],{},[39,120475,120476],{"className":41,"code":55698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,120477,120478],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120479,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120481,682],{"class":62},[48,120483,3770],{"class":99},[48,120485,87],{"class":62},[48,120487,632],{"class":99},[48,120489,87],{"class":62},[48,120491,800],{"class":99},[48,120493,1465],{"class":62},[20,120495,120496,120497,120500],{},"After calling ",[15,120498,120499],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120502,120503,120504,134],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[348,120505,4356,120506,2689],{"href":75326},[15,120507,78418],{},[34,120509,120511],{"id":120510},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120513,120514],{},"Here is the core difference:",[209,120516,120517,120526],{},[212,120518,120519,120522,120523],{},[15,120520,120521],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[166,120524,120525],{},"new sorted list",[212,120527,120528,120531,120532,74883],{},[15,120529,120530],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120533,9106],{},[1752,120535,120537],{"id":120536},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[39,120539,120541],{"className":41,"code":120540,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120542,120543,120563,120567,120581,120600,120619,120623,120633],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120544,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120546,2232],{"class":54},[48,120548,59],{"class":58},[48,120550,4404],{"class":62},[48,120552,2921],{"class":99},[48,120554,87],{"class":62},[48,120556,632],{"class":99},[48,120558,87],{"class":62},[48,120560,3241],{"class":99},[48,120562,1465],{"class":62},[48,120564,120565],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120566,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120568,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577,120579],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,120570,3338],{"class":54},[48,120572,59],{"class":58},[48,120574,75109],{"class":147},[48,120576,151],{"class":62},[48,120578,2411],{"class":137},[48,120580,162],{"class":62},[48,120582,120583,120585,120587,120589,120592,120594,120596,120598],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,120584,276],{"class":147},[48,120586,151],{"class":62},[48,120588,67],{"class":66},[48,120590,120591],{"class":70},"numbers after sorted():",[48,120593,67],{"class":66},[48,120595,87],{"class":62},[48,120597,2292],{"class":137},[48,120599,162],{"class":62},[48,120601,120602,120604,120606,120608,120611,120613,120615,120617],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,120603,276],{"class":147},[48,120605,151],{"class":62},[48,120607,67],{"class":66},[48,120609,120610],{"class":70},"a:",[48,120612,67],{"class":66},[48,120614,87],{"class":62},[48,120616,57436],{"class":137},[48,120618,162],{"class":62},[48,120620,120621],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,120622,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120624,120625,120627,120629,120631],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,120626,2411],{"class":54},[48,120628,134],{"class":62},[48,120630,35336],{"class":137},[48,120632,380],{"class":62},[48,120634,120635,120637,120639,120641,120644,120646,120648,120650],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,120636,276],{"class":147},[48,120638,151],{"class":62},[48,120640,67],{"class":66},[48,120642,120643],{"class":70},"numbers after sort():",[48,120645,67],{"class":66},[48,120647,87],{"class":62},[48,120649,2292],{"class":137},[48,120651,162],{"class":62},[20,120653,120654],{},[166,120655,168],{},[39,120657,120659],{"className":41,"code":120658,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120660,120661,120684,120704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120662,120663,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120664,120665],{"class":54},"numbers after ",[48,120667,75065],{"class":147},[48,120669,30117],{"class":62},[48,120671,4404],{"class":62},[48,120673,2921],{"class":99},[48,120675,87],{"class":62},[48,120677,632],{"class":99},[48,120679,87],{"class":62},[48,120681,3241],{"class":99},[48,120683,1465],{"class":62},[48,120685,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120687,348],{"class":54},[48,120689,76],{"class":62},[48,120691,4404],{"class":62},[48,120693,2842],{"class":99},[48,120695,87],{"class":62},[48,120697,3241],{"class":99},[48,120699,87],{"class":62},[48,120701,5387],{"class":99},[48,120703,1465],{"class":62},[48,120705,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,120707,120665],{"class":54},[48,120709,35336],{"class":137},[48,120711,30117],{"class":62},[48,120713,4404],{"class":62},[48,120715,2842],{"class":99},[48,120717,87],{"class":62},[48,120719,3241],{"class":99},[48,120721,87],{"class":62},[48,120723,5387],{"class":99},[48,120725,1465],{"class":62},[20,120727,11466],{},[209,120729,120730,120735],{},[212,120731,120732,120734],{},[15,120733,74975],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[212,120736,120737,120739],{},[15,120738,64862],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[34,120741,1545,120743],{"id":120742},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120744,74975],{},[20,120746,189,120747,11355],{},[15,120748,74975],{},[209,120750,120751,120754,120756,120759],{},[212,120752,120753],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[212,120755,119523],{},[212,120757,120758],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[212,120760,120761],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1752,120763,120765],{"id":120764},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[39,120767,120769],{"className":41,"code":120768,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120770,120771,120795,120799,120813,120817,120827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120772,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120774,2232],{"class":54},[48,120776,59],{"class":58},[48,120778,330],{"class":62},[48,120780,3288],{"class":99},[48,120782,87],{"class":62},[48,120784,618],{"class":99},[48,120786,87],{"class":62},[48,120788,800],{"class":99},[48,120790,87],{"class":62},[48,120792,632],{"class":99},[48,120794,162],{"class":62},[48,120796,120797],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120798,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120800,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,120802,449],{"class":54},[48,120804,59],{"class":58},[48,120806,75109],{"class":147},[48,120808,151],{"class":62},[48,120810,2411],{"class":137},[48,120812,162],{"class":62},[48,120814,120815],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,120816,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120818,120819,120821,120823,120825],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,120820,276],{"class":147},[48,120822,151],{"class":62},[48,120824,474],{"class":137},[48,120826,162],{"class":62},[48,120828,120829,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,120830,276],{"class":147},[48,120832,151],{"class":62},[48,120834,2094],{"class":281},[48,120836,151],{"class":62},[48,120838,474],{"class":137},[48,120840,670],{"class":62},[20,120842,120843],{},[166,120844,168],{},[39,120846,120848],{"className":41,"code":120847,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120849,120850,120870],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120851,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120853,682],{"class":62},[48,120855,3770],{"class":99},[48,120857,87],{"class":62},[48,120859,632],{"class":99},[48,120861,87],{"class":62},[48,120863,800],{"class":99},[48,120865,87],{"class":62},[48,120867,3241],{"class":99},[48,120869,1465],{"class":62},[48,120871,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880,120882],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120873,2168],{"class":58},[48,120875,2171],{"class":915},[48,120877,320],{"class":66},[48,120879,282],{"class":70},[48,120881,311],{"class":66},[48,120883,2180],{"class":58},[20,120885,3069,120886,120888,120889,134],{},[15,120887,74975],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[166,120890,282],{},[20,120892,120893,120894,120896],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[348,120895,53319],{"href":51526}," is a helpful next step.",[34,120898,1545,120900],{"id":120899},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120901,78418],{},[20,120903,189,120904,11355],{},[15,120905,78418],{},[209,120907,120908,120911,120914,120917],{},[212,120909,120910],{},"you already have a list",[212,120912,120913],{},"you want to update that list directly",[212,120915,120916],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[212,120918,120919],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1752,120921,120923],{"id":120922},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[39,120925,120927],{"className":41,"code":120926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120928,120929,120961,120965,120975,120979],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120930,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120932,5776],{"class":54},[48,120934,59],{"class":58},[48,120936,4404],{"class":62},[48,120938,67],{"class":66},[48,120940,5801],{"class":70},[48,120942,67],{"class":66},[48,120944,87],{"class":62},[48,120946,79],{"class":66},[48,120948,417],{"class":70},[48,120950,67],{"class":66},[48,120952,87],{"class":62},[48,120954,79],{"class":66},[48,120956,431],{"class":70},[48,120958,67],{"class":66},[48,120960,1465],{"class":62},[48,120962,120963],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,120964,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120966,120967,120969,120971,120973],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,120968,5818],{"class":54},[48,120970,134],{"class":62},[48,120972,35336],{"class":137},[48,120974,380],{"class":62},[48,120976,120977],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,120978,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,120980,120981,120983,120985,120987],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,120982,276],{"class":147},[48,120984,151],{"class":62},[48,120986,5818],{"class":137},[48,120988,162],{"class":62},[20,120990,120991],{},[166,120992,168],{},[39,120994,120996],{"className":41,"code":120995,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120997,120998],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120999,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121001,682],{"class":62},[48,121003,311],{"class":66},[48,121005,417],{"class":70},[48,121007,311],{"class":66},[48,121009,87],{"class":62},[48,121011,320],{"class":66},[48,121013,431],{"class":70},[48,121015,311],{"class":66},[48,121017,87],{"class":62},[48,121019,320],{"class":66},[48,121021,5801],{"class":70},[48,121023,311],{"class":66},[48,121025,1465],{"class":62},[20,121027,121028],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,121030,121031,121032,134],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[348,121033,80424],{"href":78927},[34,121035,121037,5174,121039,121041],{"id":121036},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,121038,74128],{},[15,121040,154],{}," work with both",[20,121043,11344,121044,5174,121046,121048],{},[15,121045,74975],{},[15,121047,78418],{}," support:",[209,121050,121051,121056],{},[212,121052,121053,121055],{},[15,121054,78642],{}," for descending order",[212,121057,121058,121061],{},[15,121059,121060],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,121063,121064],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1752,121066,121068],{"id":121067},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[39,121070,121072],{"className":41,"code":121071,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121073,121074,121094,121098,121120,121124,121142],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121075,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121077,2232],{"class":54},[48,121079,59],{"class":58},[48,121081,4404],{"class":62},[48,121083,2848],{"class":99},[48,121085,87],{"class":62},[48,121087,618],{"class":99},[48,121089,87],{"class":62},[48,121091,632],{"class":99},[48,121093,1465],{"class":62},[48,121095,121096],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121097,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121099,121100,121102,121104,121106,121108,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,121101,276],{"class":147},[48,121103,151],{"class":62},[48,121105,75065],{"class":147},[48,121107,151],{"class":62},[48,121109,2411],{"class":137},[48,121111,87],{"class":62},[48,121113,78621],{"class":9941},[48,121115,59],{"class":58},[48,121117,4385],{"class":1642},[48,121119,670],{"class":62},[48,121121,121122],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,121123,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121125,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138,121140],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,121127,2411],{"class":54},[48,121129,134],{"class":62},[48,121131,35336],{"class":137},[48,121133,151],{"class":62},[48,121135,74128],{"class":9941},[48,121137,59],{"class":58},[48,121139,4385],{"class":1642},[48,121141,162],{"class":62},[48,121143,121144,121146,121148,121150],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,121145,276],{"class":147},[48,121147,151],{"class":62},[48,121149,2411],{"class":137},[48,121151,162],{"class":62},[20,121153,121154],{},[166,121155,168],{},[39,121157,121159],{"className":41,"code":121158,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,121160,121161,121177],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121162,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121164,682],{"class":62},[48,121166,2848],{"class":99},[48,121168,87],{"class":62},[48,121170,632],{"class":99},[48,121172,87],{"class":62},[48,121174,618],{"class":99},[48,121176,1465],{"class":62},[48,121178,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187,121189,121191],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121180,682],{"class":62},[48,121182,2848],{"class":99},[48,121184,87],{"class":62},[48,121186,632],{"class":99},[48,121188,87],{"class":62},[48,121190,618],{"class":99},[48,121192,1465],{"class":62},[1752,121194,121196],{"id":121195},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[39,121198,121200],{"className":41,"code":121199,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,121201,121202,121234,121238,121264,121268,121290],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121203,121204,121206,121208,121210,121212,121214,121216,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228,121230,121232],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121205,4852],{"class":54},[48,121207,59],{"class":58},[48,121209,4404],{"class":62},[48,121211,67],{"class":66},[48,121213,83914],{"class":70},[48,121215,67],{"class":66},[48,121217,87],{"class":62},[48,121219,79],{"class":66},[48,121221,1128],{"class":70},[48,121223,67],{"class":66},[48,121225,87],{"class":62},[48,121227,79],{"class":66},[48,121229,119388],{"class":70},[48,121231,67],{"class":66},[48,121233,1465],{"class":62},[48,121235,121236],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121237,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121239,121240,121242,121244,121246,121248,121250,121252,121254,121256,121258,121260,121262],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,121241,276],{"class":147},[48,121243,151],{"class":62},[48,121245,75065],{"class":147},[48,121247,151],{"class":62},[48,121249,4894],{"class":137},[48,121251,87],{"class":62},[48,121253,120],{"class":9941},[48,121255,59],{"class":58},[48,121257,4223],{"class":281},[48,121259,134],{"class":62},[48,121261,9407],{"class":25281},[48,121263,670],{"class":62},[48,121265,121266],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,121267,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121269,121270,121272,121274,121276,121278,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,121271,4894],{"class":54},[48,121273,134],{"class":62},[48,121275,35336],{"class":137},[48,121277,151],{"class":62},[48,121279,154],{"class":9941},[48,121281,59],{"class":58},[48,121283,4223],{"class":281},[48,121285,134],{"class":62},[48,121287,9407],{"class":25281},[48,121289,162],{"class":62},[48,121291,121292,121294,121296,121298],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,121293,276],{"class":147},[48,121295,151],{"class":62},[48,121297,4894],{"class":137},[48,121299,162],{"class":62},[20,121301,121302],{},[166,121303,168],{},[39,121305,121307],{"className":41,"code":121306,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,121308,121309,121337],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121310,121311,121313,121315,121317,121319,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121312,682],{"class":62},[48,121314,311],{"class":66},[48,121316,1128],{"class":70},[48,121318,311],{"class":66},[48,121320,87],{"class":62},[48,121322,320],{"class":66},[48,121324,83914],{"class":70},[48,121326,311],{"class":66},[48,121328,87],{"class":62},[48,121330,320],{"class":66},[48,121332,119388],{"class":70},[48,121334,311],{"class":66},[48,121336,1465],{"class":62},[48,121338,121339,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359,121361,121363],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121340,682],{"class":62},[48,121342,311],{"class":66},[48,121344,1128],{"class":70},[48,121346,311],{"class":66},[48,121348,87],{"class":62},[48,121350,320],{"class":66},[48,121352,83914],{"class":70},[48,121354,311],{"class":66},[48,121356,87],{"class":62},[48,121358,320],{"class":66},[48,121360,119388],{"class":70},[48,121362,311],{"class":66},[48,121364,1465],{"class":62},[20,121366,9185,121367,121369],{},[15,121368,79136],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121371,121372,121373,134],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[348,121374,121376],{"href":121375},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[34,121378,121380],{"id":121379},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121382,121383],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1752,121385,121387,121388,13341],{"id":121386},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121389,78418],{},[20,121391,121392],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[39,121394,121396],{"className":41,"code":121395,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121397,121398,121418,121422,121436,121440,121450],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121399,121400,121402,121404,121406,121408,121410,121412,121414,121416],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121401,2232],{"class":54},[48,121403,59],{"class":58},[48,121405,4404],{"class":62},[48,121407,2848],{"class":99},[48,121409,87],{"class":62},[48,121411,618],{"class":99},[48,121413,87],{"class":62},[48,121415,632],{"class":99},[48,121417,1465],{"class":62},[48,121419,121420],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121421,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121423,121424,121426,121428,121430,121432,121434],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,121425,449],{"class":54},[48,121427,59],{"class":58},[48,121429,2292],{"class":54},[48,121431,134],{"class":62},[48,121433,35336],{"class":137},[48,121435,380],{"class":62},[48,121437,121438],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,121439,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121441,121442,121444,121446,121448],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,121443,276],{"class":147},[48,121445,151],{"class":62},[48,121447,474],{"class":137},[48,121449,162],{"class":62},[48,121451,121452,121454,121456,121458],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,121453,276],{"class":147},[48,121455,151],{"class":62},[48,121457,2411],{"class":137},[48,121459,162],{"class":62},[20,121461,121462],{},[166,121463,168],{},[39,121465,121466],{"className":41,"code":79759,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,121467,121468,121472],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121469,121470],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121471,12553],{"class":1642},[48,121473,121474,121476,121478,121480,121482,121484,121486],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121475,682],{"class":62},[48,121477,3770],{"class":99},[48,121479,87],{"class":62},[48,121481,632],{"class":99},[48,121483,87],{"class":62},[48,121485,800],{"class":99},[48,121487,1465],{"class":62},[20,121489,12645],{},[209,121491,121492,121497,121502],{},[212,121493,121494,121496],{},[15,121495,120499],{}," sorts the list in place",[212,121498,35552,121499,121501],{},[166,121500,5413],{}," return the sorted list",[212,121503,90538,121504,42698,121506],{},[15,121505,474],{},[15,121507,4560],{},[1752,121509,121511,121512,121514],{"id":121510},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121513,74975],{}," to change the original list",[39,121516,121518],{"className":41,"code":121517,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121519,121520,121540,121544,121554,121558],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121521,121522,121524,121526,121528,121530,121532,121534,121536,121538],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121523,2232],{"class":54},[48,121525,59],{"class":58},[48,121527,4404],{"class":62},[48,121529,2848],{"class":99},[48,121531,87],{"class":62},[48,121533,618],{"class":99},[48,121535,87],{"class":62},[48,121537,632],{"class":99},[48,121539,1465],{"class":62},[48,121541,121542],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121543,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121545,121546,121548,121550,121552],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,121547,75065],{"class":147},[48,121549,151],{"class":62},[48,121551,2411],{"class":137},[48,121553,162],{"class":62},[48,121555,121556],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,121557,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,121561,276],{"class":147},[48,121563,151],{"class":62},[48,121565,2411],{"class":137},[48,121567,162],{"class":62},[20,121569,121570],{},[166,121571,168],{},[39,121573,121574],{"className":41,"code":119720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,121575,121576],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121577,121578,121580,121582,121584,121586,121588,121590],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121579,682],{"class":62},[48,121581,2848],{"class":99},[48,121583,87],{"class":62},[48,121585,618],{"class":99},[48,121587,87],{"class":62},[48,121589,632],{"class":99},[48,121591,1465],{"class":62},[20,121593,121594,121597],{},[15,121595,121596],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121599,11559],{},[39,121601,121603],{"className":41,"code":121602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121604,121605,121625,121629,121643,121647],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121606,121607,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619,121621,121623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121608,2232],{"class":54},[48,121610,59],{"class":58},[48,121612,4404],{"class":62},[48,121614,2848],{"class":99},[48,121616,87],{"class":62},[48,121618,618],{"class":99},[48,121620,87],{"class":62},[48,121622,632],{"class":99},[48,121624,1465],{"class":62},[48,121626,121627],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121628,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121630,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,121632,56190],{"class":54},[48,121634,59],{"class":58},[48,121636,75109],{"class":147},[48,121638,151],{"class":62},[48,121640,2411],{"class":137},[48,121642,162],{"class":62},[48,121644,121645],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,121646,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121648,121649,121651,121653,121655],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,121650,276],{"class":147},[48,121652,151],{"class":62},[48,121654,56209],{"class":137},[48,121656,162],{"class":62},[1752,121658,121660,121661,121663],{"id":121659},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121662,64862],{}," on a tuple or string",[39,121665,121666],{"className":41,"code":79861,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,121667,121668,121680],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121669,121670,121672,121674,121676,121678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121671,35224],{"class":54},[48,121673,59],{"class":58},[48,121675,79],{"class":66},[48,121677,43],{"class":70},[48,121679,4138],{"class":66},[48,121681,121682,121684,121686,121688],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121683,35245],{"class":54},[48,121685,134],{"class":62},[48,121687,35336],{"class":137},[48,121689,380],{"class":62},[20,121691,121692,121693,34136],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121694,64862],{},[20,121696,121697,121699],{},[15,121698,64862],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121701,121702,121703,121705,121706,134],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121704,74975],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[348,121707,5914],{"href":6363},[1752,121709,121711,121712,119757],{"id":121710},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121713,74975],{},[39,121715,121717],{"className":41,"code":121716,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121718,121719,121732,121746,121750,121760],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121720,121721,121723,121725,121727,121730],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121722,35224],{"class":54},[48,121724,59],{"class":58},[48,121726,79],{"class":66},[48,121728,121729],{"class":70},"cab",[48,121731,4138],{"class":66},[48,121733,121734,121736,121738,121740,121742,121744],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121735,449],{"class":54},[48,121737,59],{"class":58},[48,121739,75109],{"class":147},[48,121741,151],{"class":62},[48,121743,35245],{"class":137},[48,121745,162],{"class":62},[48,121747,121748],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,121749,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,121751,121752,121754,121756,121758],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,121753,276],{"class":147},[48,121755,151],{"class":62},[48,121757,474],{"class":137},[48,121759,162],{"class":62},[48,121761,121762,121764,121766,121768,121770,121772],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,121763,276],{"class":147},[48,121765,151],{"class":62},[48,121767,2094],{"class":281},[48,121769,151],{"class":62},[48,121771,474],{"class":137},[48,121773,670],{"class":62},[20,121775,121776],{},[166,121777,168],{},[39,121779,121781],{"className":41,"code":121780,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121782,121783,121811],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121784,121785,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795,121797,121799,121801,121803,121805,121807,121809],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121786,682],{"class":62},[48,121788,311],{"class":66},[48,121790,348],{"class":70},[48,121792,311],{"class":66},[48,121794,87],{"class":62},[48,121796,320],{"class":66},[48,121798,2059],{"class":70},[48,121800,311],{"class":66},[48,121802,87],{"class":62},[48,121804,320],{"class":66},[48,121806,2265],{"class":70},[48,121808,311],{"class":66},[48,121810,1465],{"class":62},[48,121812,121813,121815,121817,121819,121821,121823],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121814,2168],{"class":58},[48,121816,2171],{"class":915},[48,121818,320],{"class":66},[48,121820,282],{"class":70},[48,121822,311],{"class":66},[48,121824,2180],{"class":58},[20,121826,121827],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[34,121829,114278],{"id":114277},[20,121831,121832],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[209,121834,121835,121838,121843,121848,121854],{},[212,121836,121837],{},"confusing a function with a method",[212,121839,121840,121841,54192],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121842,64862],{},[212,121844,121845,121846,13341],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121847,78418],{},[212,121849,121850,121851,121853],{},"trying to use ",[15,121852,64862],{}," on non-list data types",[212,121855,51052,121856,121858],{},[15,121857,74975],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121860,121861],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[39,121863,121865],{"className":41,"code":121864,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121866,121867,121877,121891,121916,121931,121941],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121868,121869,121871,121873,121875],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121870,276],{"class":147},[48,121872,151],{"class":62},[48,121874,9106],{"class":137},[48,121876,162],{"class":62},[48,121878,121879,121881,121883,121885,121887,121889],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,121880,276],{"class":147},[48,121882,151],{"class":62},[48,121884,75065],{"class":147},[48,121886,151],{"class":62},[48,121888,9106],{"class":137},[48,121890,670],{"class":62},[48,121892,121893,121895,121897,121899,121901,121903,121905,121908,121910,121912,121914],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,121894,449],{"class":54},[48,121896,59],{"class":58},[48,121898,9163],{"class":54},[48,121900,134],{"class":62},[48,121902,35336],{"class":137},[48,121904,8135],{"class":62},[48,121906,121907],{"class":54},"; ",[48,121909,276],{"class":147},[48,121911,151],{"class":62},[48,121913,474],{"class":137},[48,121915,162],{"class":62},[48,121917,121918,121920,121922,121924,121926,121929],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,121919,276],{"class":147},[48,121921,151],{"class":62},[48,121923,2094],{"class":281},[48,121925,151],{"class":62},[48,121927,121928],{"class":137},"my_data",[48,121930,670],{"class":62},[48,121932,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,121934,32687],{"class":147},[48,121936,151],{"class":62},[48,121938,75065],{"class":147},[48,121940,162],{"class":62},[48,121942,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,121944,32687],{"class":147},[48,121946,151],{"class":62},[48,121948,282],{"class":281},[48,121950,134],{"class":62},[48,121952,35336],{"class":25281},[48,121954,162],{"class":62},[20,121956,84924],{},[209,121958,121959,121962,121966,121974],{},[212,121960,121961],{},"whether your original list changed",[212,121963,26551,121964,12453],{},[15,121965,74975],{},[212,121967,121968,121969,121971,121972],{},"whether ",[15,121970,64862],{}," returned ",[15,121973,4560],{},[212,121975,121976],{},"what type of object you are working with",[34,121978,121980],{"id":121979},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121982,121983],{},"Use this rule:",[209,121985,121986,121994],{},[212,121987,121988,121989,121991,121992],{},"Need a ",[166,121990,120082],{},": use ",[15,121993,74975],{},[212,121995,121996,121997,121991,122000],{},"Need to ",[166,121998,121999],{},"change one list directly",[15,122001,78418],{},[20,122003,122004,122005,122007],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,122006,74975],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[34,122009,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,122011,122013,122014,352,122016,2623],{"id":122012},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,122015,74975],{},[15,122017,78418],{},[20,122019,122020,122022],{},[15,122021,74975],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1752,122024,5935,122026,5938,122028,2623],{"id":122025},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,122027,78418],{},[15,122029,4560],{},[20,122031,122032],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1752,122034,5947,122036,122038],{"id":122035},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,122037,74975],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,122040,122041],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1752,122043,28861,122045,122047],{"id":122044},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,122046,64862],{}," on a string?",[20,122049,46910,122050,122052,122053,40471],{},[15,122051,64862],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,122054,122055],{},"sorted(string)",[1752,122057,12564,122059,5174,122061,122063],{"id":122058},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,122060,74975],{},[15,122062,64862],{}," both support descending order?",[20,122065,122066,122067,134],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,122068,78642],{},[34,122070,2679],{"id":2678},[209,122072,122073,122079,122085,122089,122093],{},[212,122074,122075],{},[348,122076,4356,122077,4289],{"href":75072},[15,122078,74975],{},[212,122080,122081],{},[348,122082,4356,122083,2689],{"href":75326},[15,122084,78418],{},[212,122086,122087],{},[348,122088,80424],{"href":78927},[212,122090,122091],{},[348,122092,121376],{"href":121375},[212,122094,122095],{},[348,122096,53319],{"href":51526},[2711,122098,122099],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":122101},[122102,122103,122104,122108,122112,122115,122119,122123,122128,122138,122139,122140,122152],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":120170,"depth":106,"text":120171},{"id":118273,"depth":106,"text":119995,"children":122105},[122106],{"id":120237,"depth":113,"text":122107},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78484,"depth":106,"text":80446,"children":122109},[122110],{"id":120414,"depth":113,"text":122111},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120510,"depth":106,"text":120511,"children":122113},[122114],{"id":120536,"depth":113,"text":120537},{"id":120742,"depth":106,"text":122116,"children":122117},"When to use sorted()",[122118],{"id":120764,"depth":113,"text":120765},{"id":120899,"depth":106,"text":122120,"children":122121},"When to use list.sort()",[122122],{"id":120922,"depth":113,"text":120923},{"id":121036,"depth":106,"text":122124,"children":122125},"reverse and key work with both",[122126,122127],{"id":121067,"depth":113,"text":121068},{"id":121195,"depth":113,"text":121196},{"id":121379,"depth":106,"text":121380,"children":122129},[122130,122132,122134,122136],{"id":121386,"depth":113,"text":122131},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121510,"depth":113,"text":122133},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121659,"depth":113,"text":122135},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121710,"depth":113,"text":122137},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114277,"depth":106,"text":114278},{"id":121979,"depth":106,"text":121980},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":122141},[122142,122144,122146,122148,122150],{"id":122012,"depth":113,"text":122143},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":122025,"depth":113,"text":122145},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":122035,"depth":113,"text":122147},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":122044,"depth":113,"text":122149},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":122058,"depth":113,"text":122151},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":120041,"description":122153},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":122159,"title":42719,"body":122160,"description":123892,"extension":2749,"meta":123893,"navigation":109,"path":123894,"seo":123895,"stem":123896,"__hash__":123897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":122161,"toc":123849},[122162,122167,122172,122178,122180,122235,122239,122262,122267,122272,122277,122279,122310,122313,122327,122329,122331,122346,122351,122355,122358,122409,122413,122427,122434,122438,122442,122497,122501,122524,122528,122584,122588,122611,122615,122670,122674,122697,122701,122768,122772,122807,122813,122818,122823,122825,122839,122841,122915,122919,122939,122944,122951,122954,122966,122968,123037,123041,123078,123081,123106,123113,123122,123125,123137,123143,123149,123151,123157,123162,123241,123245,123286,123290,123292,123319,123322,123345,123348,123354,123357,123394,123406,123413,123415,123466,123469,123501,123504,123506,123513,123515,123530,123532,123589,123593,123617,123619,123624,123640,123647,123651,123654,123737,123747,123749,123754,123757,123763,123766,123772,123775,123781,123784,123791,123799,123801,123846],[10,122163,4356,122165,4360],{"id":122164},"python-str-function-explained",[15,122166,48229],{},[20,122168,32852,122169,122171],{},[15,122170,48229],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,122173,122174,122175,122177],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,122176,48229],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[34,122179,37],{"id":36},[39,122181,122183],{"className":41,"code":122182,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122184,122185,122193,122207,122211,122221],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122186,122187,122189,122191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122188,183],{"class":54},[48,122190,59],{"class":58},[48,122192,45770],{"class":99},[48,122194,122195,122197,122199,122201,122203,122205],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122196,35224],{"class":54},[48,122198,59],{"class":58},[48,122200,49450],{"class":281},[48,122202,151],{"class":62},[48,122204,92],{"class":137},[48,122206,162],{"class":62},[48,122208,122209],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,122210,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,122212,122213,122215,122217,122219],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,122214,276],{"class":147},[48,122216,151],{"class":62},[48,122218,35245],{"class":137},[48,122220,162],{"class":62},[48,122222,122223,122225,122227,122229,122231,122233],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,122224,276],{"class":147},[48,122226,151],{"class":62},[48,122228,2094],{"class":281},[48,122230,151],{"class":62},[48,122232,35245],{"class":137},[48,122234,670],{"class":62},[20,122236,122237],{},[166,122238,168],{},[39,122240,122242],{"className":41,"code":122241,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122243,122244,122248],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122245,122246],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122247,186],{"class":99},[48,122249,122250,122252,122254,122256,122258,122260],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122251,2168],{"class":58},[48,122253,2171],{"class":915},[48,122255,320],{"class":66},[48,122257,4223],{"class":70},[48,122259,311],{"class":66},[48,122261,2180],{"class":58},[20,122263,189,122264,122266],{},[15,122265,48229],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[34,122268,196,122270,199],{"id":122269},"what-str-does",[15,122271,48229],{},[20,122273,122274,122276],{},[15,122275,48229],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,122278,579],{},[209,122280,122281,122288,122295,122302],{},[212,122282,122283,122284,42698,122286],{},"An integer like ",[15,122285,3114],{},[15,122287,42669],{},[212,122289,122290,122291,42698,122293],{},"A float like ",[15,122292,40685],{},[15,122294,48640],{},[212,122296,122297,122298,42698,122300],{},"A boolean like ",[15,122299,4385],{},[15,122301,7411],{},[212,122303,122304,122305,42698,122307],{},"A list like ",[15,122306,75797],{},[15,122308,122309],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122311,122312],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[209,122314,122315,122318,122321,122324],{},[212,122316,122317],{},"print it",[212,122319,122320],{},"combine it with other strings",[212,122322,122323],{},"save it to a file",[212,122325,122326],{},"use it in messages",[34,122328,360],{"id":359},[20,122330,7987],{},[39,122332,122334],{"className":41,"code":122333,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"str(object)\n",[15,122335,122336],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122337,122338,122340,122342,122344],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122339,4223],{"class":281},[48,122341,151],{"class":62},[48,122343,42942],{"class":281},[48,122345,162],{"class":62},[20,122347,21489,122348,122350],{},[15,122349,42942],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122352,122353,8992],{},[15,122354,48229],{},[20,122356,122357],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[39,122359,122361],{"className":41,"code":122360,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122362,122363,122372,122395,122399],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122364,122365,122367,122369],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122366,5874],{"class":54},[48,122368,59],{"class":58},[48,122370,122371],{"class":99}," 100\n",[48,122373,122374,122376,122378,122380,122383,122385,122387,122389,122391,122393],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122375,90558],{"class":54},[48,122377,59],{"class":58},[48,122379,79],{"class":66},[48,122381,122382],{"class":70},"Your score is ",[48,122384,67],{"class":66},[48,122386,3238],{"class":58},[48,122388,49450],{"class":281},[48,122390,151],{"class":62},[48,122392,86071],{"class":137},[48,122394,162],{"class":62},[48,122396,122397],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,122398,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,122400,122401,122403,122405,122407],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,122402,276],{"class":147},[48,122404,151],{"class":62},[48,122406,90575],{"class":137},[48,122408,162],{"class":62},[20,122410,122411],{},[166,122412,168],{},[39,122414,122416],{"className":41,"code":122415,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122417,122418],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122419,122420,122423,122425],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122421,122422],{"class":54},"Your score ",[48,122424,12939],{"class":58},[48,122426,122371],{"class":99},[20,122428,3079,122429,122433],{},[348,122430,122431,3086],{"href":3082},[15,122432,3085],{}," can help you check.",[34,122435,122437],{"id":122436},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1752,122439,122441],{"id":122440},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[39,122443,122445],{"className":41,"code":122444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122446,122447,122455,122469,122473,122483],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122448,122449,122451,122453],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122450,3001],{"class":54},[48,122452,59],{"class":58},[48,122454,3370],{"class":99},[48,122456,122457,122459,122461,122463,122465,122467],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122458,35224],{"class":54},[48,122460,59],{"class":58},[48,122462,49450],{"class":281},[48,122464,151],{"class":62},[48,122466,3023],{"class":137},[48,122468,162],{"class":62},[48,122470,122471],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,122472,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,122474,122475,122477,122479,122481],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,122476,276],{"class":147},[48,122478,151],{"class":62},[48,122480,35245],{"class":137},[48,122482,162],{"class":62},[48,122484,122485,122487,122489,122491,122493,122495],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,122486,276],{"class":147},[48,122488,151],{"class":62},[48,122490,2094],{"class":281},[48,122492,151],{"class":62},[48,122494,35245],{"class":137},[48,122496,670],{"class":62},[20,122498,122499],{},[166,122500,168],{},[39,122502,122504],{"className":41,"code":122503,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122505,122506,122510],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122507,122508],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122509,3160],{"class":99},[48,122511,122512,122514,122516,122518,122520,122522],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122513,2168],{"class":58},[48,122515,2171],{"class":915},[48,122517,320],{"class":66},[48,122519,4223],{"class":70},[48,122521,311],{"class":66},[48,122523,2180],{"class":58},[1752,122525,122527],{"id":122526},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[39,122529,122531],{"className":41,"code":122530,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122532,122533,122542,122556,122560,122570],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122534,122535,122537,122539],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122536,40929],{"class":54},[48,122538,59],{"class":58},[48,122540,122541],{"class":99}," 3.14\n",[48,122543,122544,122546,122548,122550,122552,122554],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122545,35224],{"class":54},[48,122547,59],{"class":58},[48,122549,49450],{"class":281},[48,122551,151],{"class":62},[48,122553,25681],{"class":137},[48,122555,162],{"class":62},[48,122557,122558],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,122559,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,122561,122562,122564,122566,122568],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,122563,276],{"class":147},[48,122565,151],{"class":62},[48,122567,35245],{"class":137},[48,122569,162],{"class":62},[48,122571,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,122573,276],{"class":147},[48,122575,151],{"class":62},[48,122577,2094],{"class":281},[48,122579,151],{"class":62},[48,122581,35245],{"class":137},[48,122583,670],{"class":62},[20,122585,122586],{},[166,122587,168],{},[39,122589,122591],{"className":41,"code":122590,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122592,122593,122597],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122594,122595],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122596,40719],{"class":99},[48,122598,122599,122601,122603,122605,122607,122609],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122600,2168],{"class":58},[48,122602,2171],{"class":915},[48,122604,320],{"class":66},[48,122606,4223],{"class":70},[48,122608,311],{"class":66},[48,122610,2180],{"class":58},[1752,122612,122614],{"id":122613},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[39,122616,122618],{"className":41,"code":122617,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122619,122620,122628,122642,122646,122656],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122621,122622,122624,122626],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122623,3231],{"class":54},[48,122625,59],{"class":58},[48,122627,1643],{"class":1642},[48,122629,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122631,35224],{"class":54},[48,122633,59],{"class":58},[48,122635,49450],{"class":281},[48,122637,151],{"class":62},[48,122639,933],{"class":137},[48,122641,162],{"class":62},[48,122643,122644],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,122645,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,122647,122648,122650,122652,122654],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,122649,276],{"class":147},[48,122651,151],{"class":62},[48,122653,35245],{"class":137},[48,122655,162],{"class":62},[48,122657,122658,122660,122662,122664,122666,122668],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,122659,276],{"class":147},[48,122661,151],{"class":62},[48,122663,2094],{"class":281},[48,122665,151],{"class":62},[48,122667,35245],{"class":137},[48,122669,670],{"class":62},[20,122671,122672],{},[166,122673,168],{},[39,122675,122677],{"className":41,"code":122676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122678,122679,122683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122680,122681],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122682,4761],{"class":1642},[48,122684,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693,122695],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122686,2168],{"class":58},[48,122688,2171],{"class":915},[48,122690,320],{"class":66},[48,122692,4223],{"class":70},[48,122694,311],{"class":66},[48,122696,2180],{"class":58},[1752,122698,122700],{"id":122699},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[39,122702,122704],{"className":41,"code":122703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122705,122706,122726,122740,122744,122754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122707,122708,122710,122712,122714,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122709,8549],{"class":54},[48,122711,59],{"class":58},[48,122713,4404],{"class":62},[48,122715,3770],{"class":99},[48,122717,87],{"class":62},[48,122719,632],{"class":99},[48,122721,87],{"class":62},[48,122723,800],{"class":99},[48,122725,1465],{"class":62},[48,122727,122728,122730,122732,122734,122736,122738],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122729,35224],{"class":54},[48,122731,59],{"class":58},[48,122733,49450],{"class":281},[48,122735,151],{"class":62},[48,122737,138],{"class":137},[48,122739,162],{"class":62},[48,122741,122742],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,122743,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,122745,122746,122748,122750,122752],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,122747,276],{"class":147},[48,122749,151],{"class":62},[48,122751,35245],{"class":137},[48,122753,162],{"class":62},[48,122755,122756,122758,122760,122762,122764,122766],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,122757,276],{"class":147},[48,122759,151],{"class":62},[48,122761,2094],{"class":281},[48,122763,151],{"class":62},[48,122765,35245],{"class":137},[48,122767,670],{"class":62},[20,122769,122770],{},[166,122771,168],{},[39,122773,122775],{"className":41,"code":122774,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122776,122777,122793],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122778,122779,122781,122783,122785,122787,122789,122791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122780,682],{"class":62},[48,122782,3770],{"class":99},[48,122784,87],{"class":62},[48,122786,632],{"class":99},[48,122788,87],{"class":62},[48,122790,800],{"class":99},[48,122792,1465],{"class":62},[48,122794,122795,122797,122799,122801,122803,122805],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122796,2168],{"class":58},[48,122798,2171],{"class":915},[48,122800,320],{"class":66},[48,122802,4223],{"class":70},[48,122804,311],{"class":66},[48,122806,2180],{"class":58},[20,122808,122809,122810,122812],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[166,122811,5413],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[34,122814,1545,122816],{"id":122815},"when-to-use-str",[15,122817,48229],{},[20,122819,189,122820,122822],{},[15,122821,48229],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122824,36965],{},[209,122826,122827,122830,122833,122836],{},[212,122828,122829],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[212,122831,122832],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[212,122834,122835],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[212,122837,122838],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122840,226],{},[39,122842,122844],{"className":41,"code":122843,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122845,122846,122858,122866,122870,122905],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122847,122848,122850,122852,122854,122856],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122849,8645],{"class":54},[48,122851,59],{"class":58},[48,122853,79],{"class":66},[48,122855,12257],{"class":70},[48,122857,4138],{"class":66},[48,122859,122860,122862,122864],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122861,183],{"class":54},[48,122863,59],{"class":58},[48,122865,45770],{"class":99},[48,122867,122868],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,122869,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,122871,122872,122874,122876,122878,122880,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122903],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,122873,90558],{"class":54},[48,122875,59],{"class":58},[48,122877,36507],{"class":54},[48,122879,2845],{"class":58},[48,122881,79],{"class":66},[48,122883,5565],{"class":70},[48,122885,67],{"class":66},[48,122887,3238],{"class":58},[48,122889,49450],{"class":281},[48,122891,151],{"class":62},[48,122893,92],{"class":137},[48,122895,4442],{"class":62},[48,122897,3238],{"class":58},[48,122899,79],{"class":66},[48,122901,122902],{"class":70}," years old.",[48,122904,4138],{"class":66},[48,122906,122907,122909,122911,122913],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,122908,276],{"class":147},[48,122910,151],{"class":62},[48,122912,90575],{"class":137},[48,122914,162],{"class":62},[20,122916,122917],{},[166,122918,168],{},[39,122920,122922],{"className":41,"code":122921,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122923,122924],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122925,122926,122929,122931,122933,122936],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122927,122928],{"class":54},"Maya ",[48,122930,12939],{"class":58},[48,122932,100],{"class":99},[48,122934,122935],{"class":54}," years old",[48,122937,122938],{"class":62},".\n",[20,122940,122941,122942,134],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[348,122943,90244],{"href":90243},[34,122945,122947,1306,122949],{"id":122946},"str-vs-print",[15,122948,48229],{},[15,122950,46997],{},[20,122952,122953],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[209,122955,122956,122961],{},[212,122957,122958,122960],{},[15,122959,48229],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[212,122962,122963,122965],{},[15,122964,46997],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122967,226],{},[39,122969,122971],{"className":41,"code":122970,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122972,122973,122981,122985,122999,123009,123023],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122974,122975,122977,122979],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122976,3231],{"class":54},[48,122978,59],{"class":58},[48,122980,3551],{"class":99},[48,122982,122983],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,122984,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,122986,122987,122989,122991,122993,122995,122997],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,122988,35224],{"class":54},[48,122990,59],{"class":58},[48,122992,49450],{"class":281},[48,122994,151],{"class":62},[48,122996,933],{"class":137},[48,122998,162],{"class":62},[48,123000,123001,123003,123005,123007],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,123002,276],{"class":147},[48,123004,151],{"class":62},[48,123006,35245],{"class":137},[48,123008,162],{"class":62},[48,123010,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,123012,276],{"class":147},[48,123014,151],{"class":62},[48,123016,2094],{"class":281},[48,123018,151],{"class":62},[48,123020,35245],{"class":137},[48,123022,670],{"class":62},[48,123024,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,123026,276],{"class":147},[48,123028,151],{"class":62},[48,123030,2094],{"class":281},[48,123032,151],{"class":62},[48,123034,933],{"class":137},[48,123036,670],{"class":62},[20,123038,123039],{},[166,123040,168],{},[39,123042,123044],{"className":41,"code":123043,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,123045,123046,123050,123064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123047,123048],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123049,47157],{"class":99},[48,123051,123052,123054,123056,123058,123060,123062],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123053,2168],{"class":58},[48,123055,2171],{"class":915},[48,123057,320],{"class":66},[48,123059,4223],{"class":70},[48,123061,311],{"class":66},[48,123063,2180],{"class":58},[48,123065,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074,123076],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,123067,2168],{"class":58},[48,123069,2171],{"class":915},[48,123071,320],{"class":66},[48,123073,2972],{"class":70},[48,123075,311],{"class":66},[48,123077,2180],{"class":58},[20,123079,123080],{},"Notice:",[209,123082,123083,123089,123094],{},[212,123084,123085,123088],{},[15,123086,123087],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[212,123090,123091,123093],{},[15,123092,46997],{}," only displayed values",[212,123095,123096,123098,123099,123101,123102,61851,123104],{},[15,123097,46997],{}," did not change ",[15,123100,933],{}," from ",[15,123103,2972],{},[15,123105,4223],{},[20,123107,123108,123109,134],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[348,123110,123111,3086],{"href":46994},[15,123112,46997],{},[34,123114,123116,1306,123118,123121],{"id":123115},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,123117,48229],{},[15,123119,123120],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,123123,123124],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[209,123126,123127,123132],{},[212,123128,123129,123131],{},[15,123130,48229],{}," is the more readable text version",[212,123133,123134,123136],{},[15,123135,123120],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,123138,123139,123140,123142],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,123141,48229],{}," much more often.",[20,123144,123145,123146,123148],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,123147,48229],{}," is usually the right choice.",[34,123150,5300],{"id":5299},[1752,123152,26306,123154,123156],{"id":123153},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,123155,48229],{}," changes the original variable",[20,123158,123159,123161],{},[15,123160,48229],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[39,123163,123165],{"className":41,"code":123164,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123166,123167,123175,123189,123193,123203,123217,123227],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123168,123169,123171,123173],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123170,183],{"class":54},[48,123172,59],{"class":58},[48,123174,45770],{"class":99},[48,123176,123177,123179,123181,123183,123185,123187],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123178,35224],{"class":54},[48,123180,59],{"class":58},[48,123182,49450],{"class":281},[48,123184,151],{"class":62},[48,123186,92],{"class":137},[48,123188,162],{"class":62},[48,123190,123191],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,123192,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,123194,123195,123197,123199,123201],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,123196,276],{"class":147},[48,123198,151],{"class":62},[48,123200,92],{"class":137},[48,123202,162],{"class":62},[48,123204,123205,123207,123209,123211,123213,123215],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,123206,276],{"class":147},[48,123208,151],{"class":62},[48,123210,2094],{"class":281},[48,123212,151],{"class":62},[48,123214,92],{"class":137},[48,123216,670],{"class":62},[48,123218,123219,123221,123223,123225],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,123220,276],{"class":147},[48,123222,151],{"class":62},[48,123224,35245],{"class":137},[48,123226,162],{"class":62},[48,123228,123229,123231,123233,123235,123237,123239],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,123230,276],{"class":147},[48,123232,151],{"class":62},[48,123234,2094],{"class":281},[48,123236,151],{"class":62},[48,123238,35245],{"class":137},[48,123240,670],{"class":62},[20,123242,123243],{},[166,123244,168],{},[39,123246,123248],{"className":41,"code":123247,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123249,123250,123254,123268,123272],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123251,123252],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123253,186],{"class":99},[48,123255,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264,123266],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123257,2168],{"class":58},[48,123259,2171],{"class":915},[48,123261,320],{"class":66},[48,123263,2972],{"class":70},[48,123265,311],{"class":66},[48,123267,2180],{"class":58},[48,123269,123270],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,123271,186],{"class":99},[48,123273,123274,123276,123278,123280,123282,123284],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,123275,2168],{"class":58},[48,123277,2171],{"class":915},[48,123279,320],{"class":66},[48,123281,4223],{"class":70},[48,123283,311],{"class":66},[48,123285,2180],{"class":58},[1752,123287,123289],{"id":123288},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,123291,1771],{},[39,123293,123295],{"className":41,"code":123294,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,123296,123297,123305],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123298,123299,123301,123303],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123300,183],{"class":54},[48,123302,59],{"class":58},[48,123304,45770],{"class":99},[48,123306,123307,123309,123311,123313,123315,123317],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123308,35224],{"class":54},[48,123310,59],{"class":58},[48,123312,49450],{"class":281},[48,123314,151],{"class":62},[48,123316,92],{"class":137},[48,123318,162],{"class":62},[20,123320,123321],{},"But if you only do this:",[39,123323,123325],{"className":41,"code":123324,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123326,123327,123335],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123328,123329,123331,123333],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123330,183],{"class":54},[48,123332,59],{"class":58},[48,123334,45770],{"class":99},[48,123336,123337,123339,123341,123343],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123338,4223],{"class":281},[48,123340,151],{"class":62},[48,123342,92],{"class":137},[48,123344,162],{"class":62},[20,123346,123347],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1752,123349,9185,123351,123353],{"id":123350},"using-str-too-early",[15,123352,48229],{}," too early",[20,123355,123356],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[39,123358,123360],{"className":41,"code":123359,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123361,123362,123370,123385,123389],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123363,123364,123366,123368],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123365,40929],{"class":54},[48,123367,59],{"class":58},[48,123369,3370],{"class":99},[48,123371,123372,123375,123377,123379,123381,123383],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123373,123374],{"class":54},"text_price ",[48,123376,59],{"class":58},[48,123378,49450],{"class":281},[48,123380,151],{"class":62},[48,123382,25681],{"class":137},[48,123384,162],{"class":62},[48,123386,123387],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,123388,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,123390,123391],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,123392,123393],{"class":4445},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123395,123396,123397,352,123401,123405],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[348,123398,123399],{"href":3656},[15,123400,3659],{},[348,123402,123403],{"href":3662},[15,123404,3665],{},", depending on the situation.",[1752,123407,2015,123409,123412],{"id":123408},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123410,123411],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123414,65194],{},[39,123416,123418],{"className":41,"code":123417,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123419,123420,123452],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123421,123422,123424,123426,123428,123430,123432,123434,123436,123438,123440,123442,123444,123446,123448,123450],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123423,8549],{"class":54},[48,123425,59],{"class":58},[48,123427,4404],{"class":62},[48,123429,67],{"class":66},[48,123431,1128],{"class":70},[48,123433,67],{"class":66},[48,123435,87],{"class":62},[48,123437,79],{"class":66},[48,123439,1146],{"class":70},[48,123441,67],{"class":66},[48,123443,87],{"class":62},[48,123445,79],{"class":66},[48,123447,33756],{"class":70},[48,123449,67],{"class":66},[48,123451,1465],{"class":62},[48,123453,123454,123456,123458,123460,123462,123464],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123455,276],{"class":147},[48,123457,151],{"class":62},[48,123459,4223],{"class":281},[48,123461,151],{"class":62},[48,123463,138],{"class":137},[48,123465,670],{"class":62},[20,123467,123468],{},"prints:",[39,123470,123471],{"className":41,"code":73387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,123472,123473],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123474,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497,123499],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123476,682],{"class":62},[48,123478,311],{"class":66},[48,123480,1128],{"class":70},[48,123482,311],{"class":66},[48,123484,87],{"class":62},[48,123486,320],{"class":66},[48,123488,1146],{"class":70},[48,123490,311],{"class":66},[48,123492,87],{"class":62},[48,123494,320],{"class":66},[48,123496,33756],{"class":70},[48,123498,311],{"class":66},[48,123500,1465],{"class":62},[20,123502,123503],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[34,123505,18143],{"id":18142},[20,123507,123508,573,123510,134],{},[15,123509,48229],{},[166,123511,123512],{},"new string",[20,123514,207],{},[209,123516,123517,123520,123523],{},[212,123518,123519],{},"It always returns a string",[212,123521,123522],{},"It does not modify the original object",[212,123524,8532,123525,123529],{},[348,123526,123527],{"href":3082},[15,123528,3085],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123531,226],{},[39,123533,123535],{"className":41,"code":123534,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123536,123537,123545,123560,123564,123575],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123538,123539,123541,123543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123540,3231],{"class":54},[48,123542,59],{"class":58},[48,123544,14861],{"class":99},[48,123546,123547,123550,123552,123554,123556,123558],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123548,123549],{"class":54},"converted ",[48,123551,59],{"class":58},[48,123553,49450],{"class":281},[48,123555,151],{"class":62},[48,123557,933],{"class":137},[48,123559,162],{"class":62},[48,123561,123562],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,123563,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,123565,123566,123568,123570,123573],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,123567,276],{"class":147},[48,123569,151],{"class":62},[48,123571,123572],{"class":137},"converted",[48,123574,162],{"class":62},[48,123576,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585,123587],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,123578,276],{"class":147},[48,123580,151],{"class":62},[48,123582,2094],{"class":281},[48,123584,151],{"class":62},[48,123586,123572],{"class":137},[48,123588,670],{"class":62},[20,123590,123591],{},[166,123592,168],{},[39,123594,123596],{"className":41,"code":123595,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123597,123598,123603],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123599,123600],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123601,123602],{"class":99},"99\n",[48,123604,123605,123607,123609,123611,123613,123615],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123606,2168],{"class":58},[48,123608,2171],{"class":915},[48,123610,320],{"class":66},[48,123612,4223],{"class":70},[48,123614,311],{"class":66},[48,123616,2180],{"class":58},[34,123618,114278],{"id":114277},[20,123620,123621,123622,75366],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123623,48229],{},[209,123625,123626,123629,123632,123637],{},[212,123627,123628],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[212,123630,123631],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[212,123633,9185,123634,123636],{},[15,123635,48229],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[212,123638,123639],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123641,123642,123643,134],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[348,123644,26211,123645],{"href":90956},[15,123646,90957],{},[34,123648,123650],{"id":123649},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123652,123653],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[39,123655,123657],{"className":41,"code":123656,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123658,123659,123667,123671,123681,123695,123699,123713,123723],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123660,123661,123663,123665],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123662,3231],{"class":54},[48,123664,59],{"class":58},[48,123666,45770],{"class":99},[48,123668,123669],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123670,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,123672,123673,123675,123677,123679],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,123674,276],{"class":147},[48,123676,151],{"class":62},[48,123678,933],{"class":137},[48,123680,162],{"class":62},[48,123682,123683,123685,123687,123689,123691,123693],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,123684,276],{"class":147},[48,123686,151],{"class":62},[48,123688,2094],{"class":281},[48,123690,151],{"class":62},[48,123692,933],{"class":137},[48,123694,670],{"class":62},[48,123696,123697],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,123698,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,123700,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,123702,123549],{"class":54},[48,123704,59],{"class":58},[48,123706,49450],{"class":281},[48,123708,151],{"class":62},[48,123710,933],{"class":137},[48,123712,162],{"class":62},[48,123714,123715,123717,123719,123721],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,123716,276],{"class":147},[48,123718,151],{"class":62},[48,123720,123572],{"class":137},[48,123722,162],{"class":62},[48,123724,123725,123727,123729,123731,123733,123735],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,123726,276],{"class":147},[48,123728,151],{"class":62},[48,123730,2094],{"class":281},[48,123732,151],{"class":62},[48,123734,123572],{"class":137},[48,123736,670],{"class":62},[20,123738,123739,123740,2973,123742,123744,123745,134],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123741,2972],{},[15,123743,2976],{},", or another type into ",[15,123746,4223],{},[34,123748,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,123750,5920,123752,2596],{"id":123751},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123753,48229],{},[20,123755,123756],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1752,123758,2606,123760,123762],{"id":123759},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123761,48229],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123764,123765],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1752,123767,5947,123769,123771],{"id":123768},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123770,48229],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123773,123774],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1752,123776,95142,123778,123780],{"id":123777},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123779,48229],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123782,123783],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1752,123785,15632,123787,57754,123789,2623],{"id":123786},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123788,48229],{},[15,123790,46997],{},[20,123792,46910,123793,123795,123796,123798],{},[15,123794,48229],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123797,46997],{}," shows output.",[34,123800,2679],{"id":2678},[209,123802,123803,123809,123815,123821,123827,123836,123840],{},[212,123804,123805],{},[348,123806,123807,4289],{"href":46994},[15,123808,46997],{},[212,123810,123811],{},[348,123812,123813,4289],{"href":3082},[15,123814,3085],{},[212,123816,123817],{},[348,123818,123819,4289],{"href":3656},[15,123820,3659],{},[212,123822,123823],{},[348,123824,123825,4289],{"href":3662},[15,123826,3665],{},[212,123828,123829],{},[348,123830,123832,123833,123835],{"href":123831},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123834,2972],{}," to string in Python",[212,123837,123838],{},[348,123839,91234],{"href":90243},[212,123841,123842],{},[348,123843,30881,123844],{"href":90956},[15,123845,90957],{},[2711,123847,123848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":123850},[123851,123852,123854,123855,123861,123863,123865,123867,123876,123877,123878,123879,123891],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":122269,"depth":106,"text":123853},"What str() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":122436,"depth":106,"text":122437,"children":123856},[123857,123858,123859,123860],{"id":122440,"depth":113,"text":122441},{"id":122526,"depth":113,"text":122527},{"id":122613,"depth":113,"text":122614},{"id":122699,"depth":113,"text":122700},{"id":122815,"depth":106,"text":123862},"When to use str()",{"id":122946,"depth":106,"text":123864},"str() vs print()",{"id":123115,"depth":106,"text":123866},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":123868},[123869,123871,123872,123874],{"id":123153,"depth":113,"text":123870},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123288,"depth":113,"text":123289},{"id":123350,"depth":113,"text":123873},"Using str() too early",{"id":123408,"depth":113,"text":123875},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":114277,"depth":106,"text":114278},{"id":123649,"depth":106,"text":123650},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":123880},[123881,123883,123885,123887,123889],{"id":123751,"depth":113,"text":123882},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123759,"depth":113,"text":123884},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123768,"depth":113,"text":123886},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123777,"depth":113,"text":123888},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123786,"depth":113,"text":123890},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42719,"description":123892},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123899,"title":123900,"body":123901,"description":125354,"extension":2749,"meta":125355,"navigation":109,"path":125356,"seo":125357,"stem":125358,"__hash__":125359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123902,"toc":125316},[123903,123909,123915,123918,123940,123942,124004,124006,124019,124025,124030,124035,124037,124050,124061,124063,124090,124092,124109,124116,124127,124129,124134,124136,124148,124156,124165,124167,124170,124223,124225,124233,124241,124245,124250,124290,124292,124300,124303,124305,124345,124347,124355,124365,124371,124374,124447,124449,124462,124466,124471,124499,124502,124537,124539,124547,124550,124554,124558,124560,124576,124578,124618,124620,124628,124637,124680,124682,124690,124692,124696,124702,124705,124745,124747,124755,124760,124763,124806,124810,124813,124848,124853,124855,124894,124904,124912,124922,124930,124934,124939,124941,124982,124984,124992,124997,125000,125003,125021,125027,125031,125036,125039,125079,125081,125086,125185,125188,125204,125206,125225,125227,125234,125237,125243,125246,125252,125256,125262,125265,125271,125274,125276,125313],[10,123904,123906,123907,18],{"id":123905},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123908,57839],{},[20,123910,123911,123912,123914],{},"The Python string ",[15,123913,57839],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123916,123917],{},"This reference page explains:",[209,123919,123920,123924,123927,123929,123937],{},[212,123921,26551,123922,199],{},[15,123923,57839],{},[212,123925,123926],{},"its syntax",[212,123928,35932],{},[212,123930,123931,123932,5174,123934,123936],{},"how ",[15,123933,36611],{},[15,123935,53208],{}," work",[212,123938,123939],{},"common beginner mistakes",[34,123941,37],{"id":36},[39,123943,123945],{"className":41,"code":123944,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123946,123947,123959,123981],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123948,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123950,35224],{"class":54},[48,123952,59],{"class":58},[48,123954,79],{"class":66},[48,123956,1146],{"class":70},[48,123958,4138],{"class":66},[48,123960,123961,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,123962,276],{"class":147},[48,123964,151],{"class":62},[48,123966,35245],{"class":137},[48,123968,134],{"class":62},[48,123970,41802],{"class":137},[48,123972,151],{"class":62},[48,123974,67],{"class":66},[48,123976,348],{"class":70},[48,123978,67],{"class":66},[48,123980,670],{"class":62},[48,123982,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995,123997,124000,124002],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,123984,276],{"class":147},[48,123986,151],{"class":62},[48,123988,35245],{"class":137},[48,123990,134],{"class":62},[48,123992,41802],{"class":137},[48,123994,151],{"class":62},[48,123996,67],{"class":66},[48,123998,123999],{"class":70},"na",[48,124001,67],{"class":66},[48,124003,670],{"class":62},[20,124005,168],{},[39,124007,124009],{"className":41,"code":124008,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3\n2\n",[15,124010,124011,124015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124012,124013],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124014,47162],{"class":99},[48,124016,124017],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124018,17784],{"class":99},[20,124020,189,124021,124024],{},[15,124022,124023],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[34,124026,13737,124028,13740],{"id":124027},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,124029,57839],{},[20,124031,124032,124034],{},[15,124033,57839],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,124036,13792],{},[209,124038,124039,124042,124045,124047],{},[212,124040,124041],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[212,124043,124044],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[212,124046,44202],{},[212,124048,124049],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,124051,124052,124053,124055,124056,2973,124058,124060],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,124054,18819],{}," characters are in ",[15,124057,65825],{},[15,124059,57839],{}," is a simple choice.",[34,124062,360],{"id":359},[39,124064,124066],{"className":41,"code":124065,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,124067,124068],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124069,124070,124072,124074,124076,124078,124080,124082,124084,124086,124088],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124071,61724],{"class":54},[48,124073,134],{"class":62},[48,124075,41802],{"class":137},[48,124077,151],{"class":62},[48,124079,933],{"class":137},[48,124081,87],{"class":62},[48,124083,36590],{"class":137},[48,124085,87],{"class":62},[48,124087,65591],{"class":137},[48,124089,162],{"class":62},[1752,124091,18119],{"id":18118},[209,124093,124094,124099,124104],{},[212,124095,124096,124098],{},[15,124097,933],{},": the text to search for",[212,124100,124101,124103],{},[15,124102,36611],{},": optional; where counting begins",[212,124105,124106,124108],{},[15,124107,53208],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,124110,124111,5174,124113,124115],{},[15,124112,36611],{},[15,124114,53208],{}," work like slice positions:",[209,124117,124118,124123],{},[212,124119,124120,124122],{},[15,124121,36611],{}," is included",[212,124124,124125,76292],{},[15,124126,53208],{},[34,124128,18143],{"id":18142},[20,124130,124131,124133],{},[15,124132,57839],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,124135,2910],{},[209,124137,124138,124143],{},[212,124139,124140,124141],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,124142,2848],{},[212,124144,124145,124146],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,124147,2904],{},[20,124149,41448,124150,5938,124152,352,124154,134],{},[166,124151,5413],{},[15,124153,4385],{},[15,124155,4456],{},[20,124157,124158,124159,124164],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[348,124160,124162,102152],{"href":124161},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,124163,128],{}," is often a better fit.",[34,124166,12225],{"id":12224},[20,124168,124169],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[39,124171,124173],{"className":41,"code":124172,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,124174,124175,124187,124209,124213],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124176,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124178,35224],{"class":54},[48,124180,59],{"class":58},[48,124182,79],{"class":66},[48,124184,1128],{"class":70},[48,124186,4138],{"class":66},[48,124188,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124190,449],{"class":54},[48,124192,59],{"class":58},[48,124194,43385],{"class":54},[48,124196,134],{"class":62},[48,124198,41802],{"class":137},[48,124200,151],{"class":62},[48,124202,67],{"class":66},[48,124204,20],{"class":70},[48,124206,67],{"class":66},[48,124208,162],{"class":62},[48,124210,124211],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,124212,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,124214,124215,124217,124219,124221],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,124216,276],{"class":147},[48,124218,151],{"class":62},[48,124220,474],{"class":137},[48,124222,162],{"class":62},[20,124224,168],{},[39,124226,124227],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124228,124229],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124230,124231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124232,17784],{"class":99},[20,124234,64370,124235,124238,124239,134],{},[15,124236,124237],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,124240,58382],{},[34,124242,124244],{"id":124243},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,124246,124247,124249],{},[15,124248,57839],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[39,124251,124253],{"className":41,"code":124252,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,124254,124255,124268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124256,124257,124259,124261,124263,124266],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124258,35224],{"class":54},[48,124260,59],{"class":58},[48,124262,79],{"class":66},[48,124264,124265],{"class":70},"cat dog cat bird cat",[48,124267,4138],{"class":66},[48,124269,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284,124286,124288],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124271,276],{"class":147},[48,124273,151],{"class":62},[48,124275,35245],{"class":137},[48,124277,134],{"class":62},[48,124279,41802],{"class":137},[48,124281,151],{"class":62},[48,124283,67],{"class":66},[48,124285,37587],{"class":70},[48,124287,67],{"class":66},[48,124289,670],{"class":62},[20,124291,168],{},[39,124293,124294],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124295,124296],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124297,124298],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124299,47162],{"class":99},[20,124301,124302],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,124304,226],{},[39,124306,124308],{"className":41,"code":124307,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124309,124310,124323],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124311,124312,124314,124316,124318,124321],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124313,35224],{"class":54},[48,124315,59],{"class":58},[48,124317,79],{"class":66},[48,124319,124320],{"class":70},"one One one",[48,124322,4138],{"class":66},[48,124324,124325,124327,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124326,276],{"class":147},[48,124328,151],{"class":62},[48,124330,35245],{"class":137},[48,124332,134],{"class":62},[48,124334,41802],{"class":137},[48,124336,151],{"class":62},[48,124338,67],{"class":66},[48,124340,7355],{"class":70},[48,124342,67],{"class":66},[48,124344,670],{"class":62},[20,124346,168],{},[39,124348,124349],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124350,124351],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124352,124353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124354,17784],{"class":99},[20,124356,124357,124358,124361,124362,124364],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124359,124360],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124363,57839],{}," is case-sensitive.",[34,124366,9185,124367,5174,124369],{"id":65957},[15,124368,36611],{},[15,124370,53208],{},[20,124372,124373],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[39,124375,124377],{"className":41,"code":124376,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124378,124379,124391,124417],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124380,124381,124383,124385,124387,124389],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124382,35224],{"class":54},[48,124384,59],{"class":58},[48,124386,79],{"class":66},[48,124388,1146],{"class":70},[48,124390,4138],{"class":66},[48,124392,124393,124395,124397,124399,124401,124403,124405,124407,124409,124411,124413,124415],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124394,276],{"class":147},[48,124396,151],{"class":62},[48,124398,35245],{"class":137},[48,124400,134],{"class":62},[48,124402,41802],{"class":137},[48,124404,151],{"class":62},[48,124406,67],{"class":66},[48,124408,348],{"class":70},[48,124410,67],{"class":66},[48,124412,87],{"class":62},[48,124414,632],{"class":99},[48,124416,670],{"class":62},[48,124418,124419,124421,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124433,124435,124437,124439,124441,124443,124445],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,124420,276],{"class":147},[48,124422,151],{"class":62},[48,124424,35245],{"class":137},[48,124426,134],{"class":62},[48,124428,41802],{"class":137},[48,124430,151],{"class":62},[48,124432,67],{"class":66},[48,124434,348],{"class":70},[48,124436,67],{"class":66},[48,124438,87],{"class":62},[48,124440,632],{"class":99},[48,124442,87],{"class":62},[48,124444,5387],{"class":99},[48,124446,670],{"class":62},[20,124448,168],{},[39,124450,124452],{"className":41,"code":124451,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2\n1\n",[15,124453,124454,124458],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124455,124456],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124457,17784],{"class":99},[48,124459,124460],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124461,47462],{"class":99},[1752,124463,124465],{"id":124464},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124467,124468,124469,76],{},"In ",[15,124470,65825],{},[209,124472,124473,124481,124489],{},[212,124474,71516,124475,124477,124478],{},[15,124476,2842],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124479,124480],{},"\"n\"",[212,124482,124483,124486,124487,76590],{},[15,124484,124485],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124488,2842],{},[212,124490,124491,124486,124494,124496,124497],{},[15,124492,124493],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124495,2842],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124498,2921],{},[20,124500,124501],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[39,124503,124505],{"className":41,"code":124504,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124506,124507,124519],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124508,124509,124511,124513,124515,124517],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124510,35224],{"class":54},[48,124512,59],{"class":58},[48,124514,79],{"class":66},[48,124516,1146],{"class":70},[48,124518,4138],{"class":66},[48,124520,124521,124523,124525,124527,124529,124531,124533,124535],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124522,276],{"class":147},[48,124524,151],{"class":62},[48,124526,35245],{"class":137},[48,124528,682],{"class":62},[48,124530,2842],{"class":99},[48,124532,76],{"class":62},[48,124534,2921],{"class":99},[48,124536,4670],{"class":62},[20,124538,168],{},[39,124540,124541],{"className":41,"code":42011,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124542,124543],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124544,124545],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124546,42011],{"class":54},[20,124548,124549],{},"Only that section is searched.",[34,124551,124553],{"id":124552},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124555,124556,124364],{},[15,124557,57839],{},[20,124559,579],{},[209,124561,124562,124570],{},[212,124563,124564,5174,124566,124569],{},[15,124565,18819],{},[15,124567,124568],{},"\"A\""," are different",[212,124571,124572,5174,124574,124569],{},[15,124573,65085],{},[15,124575,90969],{},[20,124577,226],{},[39,124579,124581],{"className":41,"code":124580,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124582,124583,124596],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124584,124585,124587,124589,124591,124594],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124586,35224],{"class":54},[48,124588,59],{"class":58},[48,124590,79],{"class":66},[48,124592,124593],{"class":70},"Apple apple APPLE",[48,124595,4138],{"class":66},[48,124597,124598,124600,124602,124604,124606,124608,124610,124612,124614,124616],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124599,276],{"class":147},[48,124601,151],{"class":62},[48,124603,35245],{"class":137},[48,124605,134],{"class":62},[48,124607,41802],{"class":137},[48,124609,151],{"class":62},[48,124611,67],{"class":66},[48,124613,1128],{"class":70},[48,124615,67],{"class":66},[48,124617,670],{"class":62},[20,124619,168],{},[39,124621,124622],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124623,124624],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124625,124626],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124627,47462],{"class":99},[20,124629,124630,124631,76],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[348,124632,124634],{"href":124633},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124635,124636],{},"lower()",[39,124638,124640],{"className":41,"code":124639,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124641,124642,124654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124643,124644,124646,124648,124650,124652],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124645,35224],{"class":54},[48,124647,59],{"class":58},[48,124649,79],{"class":66},[48,124651,124593],{"class":70},[48,124653,4138],{"class":66},[48,124655,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666,124668,124670,124672,124674,124676,124678],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124657,276],{"class":147},[48,124659,151],{"class":62},[48,124661,35245],{"class":137},[48,124663,134],{"class":62},[48,124665,9407],{"class":137},[48,124667,9404],{"class":62},[48,124669,41802],{"class":137},[48,124671,151],{"class":62},[48,124673,67],{"class":66},[48,124675,1128],{"class":70},[48,124677,67],{"class":66},[48,124679,670],{"class":62},[20,124681,168],{},[39,124683,124684],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124685,124686],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124687,124688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124689,47162],{"class":99},[34,124691,1745],{"id":1744},[20,124693,1748,124694,134],{},[15,124695,57839],{},[1752,124697,2015,124699,124701],{"id":124698},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124700,57839],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124703,124704],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[39,124706,124708],{"className":41,"code":124707,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124709,124710,124723],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124711,124712,124714,124716,124718,124721],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124713,35224],{"class":54},[48,124715,59],{"class":58},[48,124717,79],{"class":66},[48,124719,124720],{"class":70},"Aardvark",[48,124722,4138],{"class":66},[48,124724,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735,124737,124739,124741,124743],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124726,276],{"class":147},[48,124728,151],{"class":62},[48,124730,35245],{"class":137},[48,124732,134],{"class":62},[48,124734,41802],{"class":137},[48,124736,151],{"class":62},[48,124738,67],{"class":66},[48,124740,348],{"class":70},[48,124742,67],{"class":66},[48,124744,670],{"class":62},[20,124746,168],{},[39,124748,124749],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124750,124751],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124752,124753],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124754,17784],{"class":99},[20,124756,124357,124757,124759],{},[15,124758,124568],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124761,124762],{},"If needed, convert first:",[39,124764,124766],{"className":41,"code":124765,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124767,124768,124780],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124769,124770,124772,124774,124776,124778],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124771,35224],{"class":54},[48,124773,59],{"class":58},[48,124775,79],{"class":66},[48,124777,124720],{"class":70},[48,124779,4138],{"class":66},[48,124781,124782,124784,124786,124788,124790,124792,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802,124804],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124783,276],{"class":147},[48,124785,151],{"class":62},[48,124787,35245],{"class":137},[48,124789,134],{"class":62},[48,124791,9407],{"class":137},[48,124793,9404],{"class":62},[48,124795,41802],{"class":137},[48,124797,151],{"class":62},[48,124799,67],{"class":66},[48,124801,348],{"class":70},[48,124803,67],{"class":66},[48,124805,670],{"class":62},[1752,124807,124809],{"id":124808},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124811,124812],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[39,124814,124816],{"className":41,"code":124815,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124817,124818,124830],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124819,124820,124822,124824,124826,124828],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124821,35224],{"class":54},[48,124823,59],{"class":58},[48,124825,79],{"class":66},[48,124827,1146],{"class":70},[48,124829,4138],{"class":66},[48,124831,124832,124834,124836,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124833,276],{"class":147},[48,124835,151],{"class":62},[48,124837,35245],{"class":137},[48,124839,134],{"class":62},[48,124841,41802],{"class":137},[48,124843,151],{"class":62},[48,124845,348],{"class":137},[48,124847,670],{"class":62},[20,124849,124850,124851,134],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124852,348],{},[20,124854,11559],{},[39,124856,124858],{"className":41,"code":124857,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124859,124860,124872],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124861,124862,124864,124866,124868,124870],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124863,35224],{"class":54},[48,124865,59],{"class":58},[48,124867,79],{"class":66},[48,124869,1146],{"class":70},[48,124871,4138],{"class":66},[48,124873,124874,124876,124878,124880,124882,124884,124886,124888,124890,124892],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124875,276],{"class":147},[48,124877,151],{"class":62},[48,124879,35245],{"class":137},[48,124881,134],{"class":62},[48,124883,41802],{"class":137},[48,124885,151],{"class":62},[48,124887,67],{"class":66},[48,124889,348],{"class":70},[48,124891,67],{"class":66},[48,124893,670],{"class":62},[1752,124895,37744,124897,9471,124899,352,124902],{"id":124896},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124898,57839],{},[15,124900,124901],{},"find()",[15,124903,59517],{},[20,124905,189,124906,124908,124909,134],{},[15,124907,57839],{}," when you need the ",[166,124910,124911],{},"number of matches",[20,124913,189,124914,124908,124919,124921],{},[348,124915,124917],{"href":124916},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124918,124901],{},[166,124920,65497],{}," of the first match.",[20,124923,189,124924,124929],{},[348,124925,124927],{"href":124926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124928,59517],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1752,124931,124933],{"id":124932},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124935,124936,124938],{},[15,124937,57839],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124940,226],{},[39,124942,124944],{"className":41,"code":124943,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124945,124946,124959],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124947,124948,124950,124952,124954,124957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124949,35224],{"class":54},[48,124951,59],{"class":58},[48,124953,79],{"class":66},[48,124955,124956],{"class":70},"aaaa",[48,124958,4138],{"class":66},[48,124960,124961,124963,124965,124967,124969,124971,124973,124975,124978,124980],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,124962,276],{"class":147},[48,124964,151],{"class":62},[48,124966,35245],{"class":137},[48,124968,134],{"class":62},[48,124970,41802],{"class":137},[48,124972,151],{"class":62},[48,124974,67],{"class":66},[48,124976,124977],{"class":70},"aa",[48,124979,67],{"class":66},[48,124981,670],{"class":62},[20,124983,168],{},[39,124985,124986],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124987,124988],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124989,124990],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124991,17784],{"class":99},[20,124993,124994,124995,134],{},"It does not return ",[15,124996,2848],{},[20,124998,124999],{},"Why not?",[20,125001,125002],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[209,125004,125005,125014],{},[212,125006,125007,125010,125011],{},[15,125008,125009],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,125012,125013],{},"0-1",[212,125015,125016,125010,125018],{},[15,125017,125009],{},[15,125019,125020],{},"2-3",[20,125022,125023,125024,134],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,125025,125026],{},"1-2",[34,125028,1545,125029],{"id":58922},[15,125030,57839],{},[20,125032,189,125033,125035],{},[15,125034,57839],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,125037,125038],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[209,125040,125041,125050,125060,125070],{},[212,125042,189,125043,125045,125046,125049],{},[15,125044,57839],{}," when you need ",[166,125047,125048],{},"how many times"," something appears",[212,125051,189,125052,125045,125056,125059],{},[348,125053,125054],{"href":124916},[15,125055,124901],{},[166,125057,125058],{},"where"," it appears",[212,125061,48356,125062,125066,125067],{},[348,125063,125064,102152],{"href":124161},[15,125065,128],{}," when you only need to know ",[166,125068,125069],{},"if it exists",[212,125071,189,125072,125078],{},[348,125073,125075],{"href":125074},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,125076,125077],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[34,125080,26474],{"id":26473},[20,125082,9642,125083,125085],{},[15,125084,57839],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[39,125087,125089],{"className":41,"code":125088,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,125090,125091,125101,125115,125137,125163],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125092,125093,125095,125097,125099],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125094,276],{"class":147},[48,125096,151],{"class":62},[48,125098,35245],{"class":137},[48,125100,162],{"class":62},[48,125102,125103,125105,125107,125109,125111,125113],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125104,276],{"class":147},[48,125106,151],{"class":62},[48,125108,2094],{"class":281},[48,125110,151],{"class":62},[48,125112,35245],{"class":137},[48,125114,670],{"class":62},[48,125116,125117,125119,125121,125123,125125,125127,125129,125131,125133,125135],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,125118,276],{"class":147},[48,125120,151],{"class":62},[48,125122,35245],{"class":137},[48,125124,134],{"class":62},[48,125126,41802],{"class":137},[48,125128,151],{"class":62},[48,125130,67],{"class":66},[48,125132,348],{"class":70},[48,125134,67],{"class":66},[48,125136,670],{"class":62},[48,125138,125139,125141,125143,125145,125147,125149,125151,125153,125155,125157,125159,125161],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,125140,276],{"class":147},[48,125142,151],{"class":62},[48,125144,35245],{"class":137},[48,125146,134],{"class":62},[48,125148,9407],{"class":137},[48,125150,9404],{"class":62},[48,125152,41802],{"class":137},[48,125154,151],{"class":62},[48,125156,67],{"class":66},[48,125158,348],{"class":70},[48,125160,67],{"class":66},[48,125162,670],{"class":62},[48,125164,125165,125167,125169,125171,125173,125175,125177,125179,125181,125183],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,125166,276],{"class":147},[48,125168,151],{"class":62},[48,125170,35245],{"class":137},[48,125172,134],{"class":62},[48,125174,41802],{"class":137},[48,125176,151],{"class":62},[48,125178,67],{"class":66},[48,125180,123999],{"class":70},[48,125182,67],{"class":66},[48,125184,670],{"class":62},[20,125186,125187],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[209,125189,125190,125193,125198,125201],{},[212,125191,125192],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[212,125194,125195,125197],{},[15,125196,35245],{}," not being a string",[212,125199,125200],{},"counting the wrong substring",[212,125202,125203],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,125205,59411],{},[209,125207,125208,125211,125214,125217],{},[212,125209,125210],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[212,125212,125213],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[212,125215,125216],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[212,125218,51038,125219,45174,125221,352,125223,73862],{},[15,125220,57839],{},[15,125222,124901],{},[15,125224,128],{},[34,125226,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,125228,125230,125231,125233],{"id":125229},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,125232,57839],{}," change the original string?",[20,125235,125236],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1752,125238,15632,125240,125242],{"id":125239},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,125241,57839],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,125244,125245],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1752,125247,5920,125249,125251],{"id":125248},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,125250,57839],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,125253,5925,125254,134],{},[15,125255,2904],{},[1752,125257,5947,125259,125261],{"id":125258},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,125260,57839],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,125263,125264],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1752,125266,2606,125268,125270],{"id":125267},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,125269,57839],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,125272,125273],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[34,125275,2679],{"id":2678},[209,125277,125278,125285,125292,125299,125306],{},[212,125279,125280],{},[348,125281,125282],{"href":124916},[15,125283,125284],{},"Python string find() method",[212,125286,125287],{},[348,125288,125289],{"href":124926},[15,125290,125291],{},"Python string index() method",[212,125293,125294],{},[348,125295,125296],{"href":124633},[15,125297,125298],{},"Python string lower() method",[212,125300,125301],{},[348,125302,125303],{"href":124161},[15,125304,125305],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[212,125307,125308],{},[348,125309,125310],{"href":125074},[15,125311,125312],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2711,125314,125315],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":125317},[125318,125319,125321,125324,125325,125326,125327,125330,125331,125339,125340,125341,125353],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":124027,"depth":106,"text":125320},"What the count() method does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":125322},[125323],{"id":18118,"depth":113,"text":18119},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":124243,"depth":106,"text":124244},{"id":65957,"depth":106,"text":66740,"children":125328},[125329],{"id":124464,"depth":113,"text":124465},{"id":124552,"depth":106,"text":124553},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":125332},[125333,125335,125336,125338],{"id":124698,"depth":113,"text":125334},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124808,"depth":113,"text":124809},{"id":124896,"depth":113,"text":125337},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124932,"depth":113,"text":124933},{"id":58922,"depth":106,"text":59553},{"id":26473,"depth":106,"text":26474},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":125342},[125343,125345,125347,125349,125351],{"id":125229,"depth":113,"text":125344},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125239,"depth":113,"text":125346},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125248,"depth":113,"text":125348},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125258,"depth":113,"text":125350},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125267,"depth":113,"text":125352},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123900,"description":125354},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125361,"title":125362,"body":125363,"description":126948,"extension":2749,"meta":126949,"navigation":109,"path":126950,"seo":126951,"stem":126952,"__hash__":126953},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125364,"toc":126921},[125365,125368,125371,125468,125477,125479,125498,125502,125505,125508,125521,125524,125553,125558,125563,125621,125623,125656,125662,125666,125669,125672,125701,125704,125731,125734,125737,125741,125744,125751,125814,125816,125834,125837,125841,125844,125847,125889,125892,125936,125939,125942,125946,125951,125954,125997,125999,126022,126025,126058,126061,126110,126120,126124,126127,126130,126159,126162,126173,126175,126234,126237,126241,126244,126247,126262,126271,126274,126308,126311,126338,126341,126348,126350,126353,126355,126358,126372,126381,126383,126410,126414,126417,126431,126434,126493,126497,126500,126527,126530,126557,126565,126568,126628,126630,126663,126667,126670,126689,126694,126743,126748,126750,126753,126812,126830,126832,126836,126844,126848,126851,126855,126861,126865,126875,126879,126882,126884,126918],[10,125366,125362],{"id":125367},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125369,125370],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[39,125372,125374],{"className":41,"code":125373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125375,125376,125388,125400,125409,125423,125427,125437,125447,125458],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125377,125378,125380,125382,125384,125386],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125379,8645],{"class":54},[48,125381,59],{"class":58},[48,125383,79],{"class":66},[48,125385,417],{"class":70},[48,125387,4138],{"class":66},[48,125389,125390,125392,125394,125396,125398],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125391,90558],{"class":54},[48,125393,59],{"class":58},[48,125395,320],{"class":66},[48,125397,35404],{"class":70},[48,125399,30233],{"class":66},[48,125401,125402,125405,125407],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,125403,125404],{"class":54},"empty ",[48,125406,59],{"class":58},[48,125408,8650],{"class":66},[48,125410,125411,125413,125415,125417,125419,125421],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,125412,35224],{"class":54},[48,125414,59],{"class":58},[48,125416,49450],{"class":281},[48,125418,151],{"class":62},[48,125420,50792],{"class":99},[48,125422,162],{"class":62},[48,125424,125425],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,125426,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,125428,125429,125431,125433,125435],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,125430,276],{"class":147},[48,125432,151],{"class":62},[48,125434,71],{"class":137},[48,125436,162],{"class":62},[48,125438,125439,125441,125443,125445],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,125440,276],{"class":147},[48,125442,151],{"class":62},[48,125444,90575],{"class":137},[48,125446,162],{"class":62},[48,125448,125449,125451,125453,125456],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,125450,276],{"class":147},[48,125452,151],{"class":62},[48,125454,125455],{"class":137},"empty",[48,125457,162],{"class":62},[48,125459,125460,125462,125464,125466],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,125461,276],{"class":147},[48,125463,151],{"class":62},[48,125465,35245],{"class":137},[48,125467,162],{"class":62},[20,125469,125470,125473,125474,125476],{},[166,125471,125472],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125475,48229],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[34,125478,15891],{"id":15890},[209,125480,125481,125484,125487,125490,125495],{},[212,125482,125483],{},"What a string is in Python",[212,125485,125486],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[212,125488,125489],{},"How to create an empty string",[212,125491,125492,125493],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125494,48229],{},[212,125496,125497],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[34,125499,125501],{"id":125500},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125503,125504],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125506,125507],{},"Strings can contain:",[209,125509,125510,125513,125515,125518],{},[212,125511,125512],{},"Letters",[212,125514,57010],{},[212,125516,125517],{},"Spaces",[212,125519,125520],{},"Symbols",[20,125522,125523],{},"Examples of strings:",[39,125525,125527],{"className":41,"code":125526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125528,125529,125537,125545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125530,125531,125533,125535],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125532,67],{"class":43872},[48,125534,4628],{"class":43876},[48,125536,4138],{"class":43872},[48,125538,125539,125541,125543],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125540,67],{"class":43872},[48,125542,50792],{"class":43876},[48,125544,4138],{"class":43872},[48,125546,125547,125549,125551],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,125548,67],{"class":43872},[48,125550,89700],{"class":43876},[48,125552,4138],{"class":43872},[20,125554,21695,125555,125557],{},[15,125556,50842],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125559,125560,125561,76],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125562,3085],{},[39,125564,125566],{"className":41,"code":125565,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125567,125568,125580,125589,125593,125607],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125569,125570,125572,125574,125576,125578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125571,35224],{"class":54},[48,125573,59],{"class":58},[48,125575,79],{"class":66},[48,125577,50792],{"class":70},[48,125579,4138],{"class":66},[48,125581,125582,125584,125586],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125583,3001],{"class":54},[48,125585,59],{"class":58},[48,125587,125588],{"class":99}," 123\n",[48,125590,125591],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,125592,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,125594,125595,125597,125599,125601,125603,125605],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,125596,276],{"class":147},[48,125598,151],{"class":62},[48,125600,2094],{"class":281},[48,125602,151],{"class":62},[48,125604,35245],{"class":137},[48,125606,670],{"class":62},[48,125608,125609,125611,125613,125615,125617,125619],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,125610,276],{"class":147},[48,125612,151],{"class":62},[48,125614,2094],{"class":281},[48,125616,151],{"class":62},[48,125618,3023],{"class":137},[48,125620,670],{"class":62},[20,125622,168],{},[39,125624,125626],{"className":41,"code":125625,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125627,125628,125642],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125629,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125631,2168],{"class":58},[48,125633,2171],{"class":915},[48,125635,320],{"class":66},[48,125637,4223],{"class":70},[48,125639,311],{"class":66},[48,125641,2180],{"class":58},[48,125643,125644,125646,125648,125650,125652,125654],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125645,2168],{"class":58},[48,125647,2171],{"class":915},[48,125649,320],{"class":66},[48,125651,2972],{"class":70},[48,125653,311],{"class":66},[48,125655,2180],{"class":58},[20,125657,125658,125659,134],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[348,125660,125661],{"href":51522},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[34,125663,125665],{"id":125664},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125667,125668],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125670,125671],{},"You can use single quotes:",[39,125673,125675],{"className":41,"code":125674,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125676,125677,125690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125678,125679,125682,125684,125686,125688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125680,125681],{"class":54},"greeting ",[48,125683,59],{"class":58},[48,125685,320],{"class":66},[48,125687,4628],{"class":70},[48,125689,30233],{"class":66},[48,125691,125692,125694,125696,125699],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125693,276],{"class":147},[48,125695,151],{"class":62},[48,125697,125698],{"class":137},"greeting",[48,125700,162],{"class":62},[20,125702,125703],{},"Or double quotes:",[39,125705,125707],{"className":41,"code":125706,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125708,125709,125721],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125710,125711,125713,125715,125717,125719],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125712,125681],{"class":54},[48,125714,59],{"class":58},[48,125716,79],{"class":66},[48,125718,4628],{"class":70},[48,125720,4138],{"class":66},[48,125722,125723,125725,125727,125729],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125724,276],{"class":147},[48,125726,151],{"class":62},[48,125728,125698],{"class":137},[48,125730,162],{"class":62},[20,125732,125733],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125735,125736],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[34,125738,125740],{"id":125739},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125742,125743],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125745,125746,125747,352,125749,76],{},"Use either ",[15,125748,7047],{},[15,125750,4555],{},[39,125752,125754],{"className":41,"code":125753,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125755,125756,125765,125774,125778,125789,125800],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125757,125758,125761,125763],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125759,125760],{"class":54},"empty1 ",[48,125762,59],{"class":58},[48,125764,8650],{"class":66},[48,125766,125767,125770,125772],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125768,125769],{"class":54},"empty2 ",[48,125771,59],{"class":58},[48,125773,48041],{"class":66},[48,125775,125776],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,125777,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,125779,125780,125782,125784,125787],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,125781,276],{"class":147},[48,125783,151],{"class":62},[48,125785,125786],{"class":137},"empty1",[48,125788,162],{"class":62},[48,125790,125791,125793,125795,125798],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,125792,276],{"class":147},[48,125794,151],{"class":62},[48,125796,125797],{"class":137},"empty2",[48,125799,162],{"class":62},[48,125801,125802,125804,125806,125808,125810,125812],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,125803,276],{"class":147},[48,125805,151],{"class":62},[48,125807,2094],{"class":281},[48,125809,151],{"class":62},[48,125811,125786],{"class":137},[48,125813,670],{"class":62},[20,125815,168],{},[39,125817,125818],{"className":41,"code":46315,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,125819,125820],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125821,125822,125824,125826,125828,125830,125832],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125823,2168],{"class":58},[48,125825,2171],{"class":915},[48,125827,320],{"class":66},[48,125829,4223],{"class":70},[48,125831,311],{"class":66},[48,125833,2180],{"class":58},[20,125835,125836],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[34,125838,125840],{"id":125839},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125842,125843],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125845,125846],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[39,125848,125850],{"className":41,"code":125849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125851,125852,125863,125868,125875,125879],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125853,125854,125856,125858,125861],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125855,90558],{"class":54},[48,125857,59],{"class":58},[48,125859,125860],{"class":66}," \"\"\"",[48,125862,89500],{"class":70},[48,125864,125865],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125866,125867],{"class":70},"Welcome to Python\n",[48,125869,125870,125873],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,125871,125872],{"class":70},"Have a nice day",[48,125874,43880],{"class":66},[48,125876,125877],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,125878,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,125880,125881,125883,125885,125887],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,125882,276],{"class":147},[48,125884,151],{"class":62},[48,125886,90575],{"class":137},[48,125888,162],{"class":62},[20,125890,125891],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[39,125893,125895],{"className":41,"code":125894,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125896,125897,125909,125914,125922,125926],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125898,125899,125901,125903,125906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125900,90558],{"class":54},[48,125902,59],{"class":58},[48,125904,125905],{"class":66}," '''",[48,125907,125908],{"class":70},"Line 1\n",[48,125910,125911],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125912,125913],{"class":70},"Line 2\n",[48,125915,125916,125919],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,125917,125918],{"class":70},"Line 3",[48,125920,125921],{"class":66},"'''\n",[48,125923,125924],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,125925,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,125927,125928,125930,125932,125934],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,125929,276],{"class":147},[48,125931,151],{"class":62},[48,125933,90575],{"class":137},[48,125935,162],{"class":62},[20,125937,125938],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125940,125941],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[34,125943,125945],{"id":125944},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125947,22,125948,125950],{},[15,125949,48229],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125952,125953],{},"Example with a number:",[39,125955,125957],{"className":41,"code":125956,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125958,125959,125973,125983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125960,125961,125963,125965,125967,125969,125971],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125962,35224],{"class":54},[48,125964,59],{"class":58},[48,125966,49450],{"class":281},[48,125968,151],{"class":62},[48,125970,47071],{"class":99},[48,125972,162],{"class":62},[48,125974,125975,125977,125979,125981],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,125976,276],{"class":147},[48,125978,151],{"class":62},[48,125980,35245],{"class":137},[48,125982,162],{"class":62},[48,125984,125985,125987,125989,125991,125993,125995],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,125986,276],{"class":147},[48,125988,151],{"class":62},[48,125990,2094],{"class":281},[48,125992,151],{"class":62},[48,125994,35245],{"class":137},[48,125996,670],{"class":62},[20,125998,168],{},[39,126000,126002],{"className":41,"code":126001,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126003,126004,126008],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126005,126006],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126007,47157],{"class":99},[48,126009,126010,126012,126014,126016,126018,126020],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126011,2168],{"class":58},[48,126013,2171],{"class":915},[48,126015,320],{"class":66},[48,126017,4223],{"class":70},[48,126019,311],{"class":66},[48,126021,2180],{"class":58},[20,126023,126024],{},"You can also convert other values:",[39,126026,126028],{"className":41,"code":126027,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,126029,126030,126044],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126031,126032,126034,126036,126038,126040,126042],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126033,276],{"class":147},[48,126035,151],{"class":62},[48,126037,4223],{"class":281},[48,126039,151],{"class":62},[48,126041,4385],{"class":1642},[48,126043,670],{"class":62},[48,126045,126046,126048,126050,126052,126054,126056],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126047,276],{"class":147},[48,126049,151],{"class":62},[48,126051,4223],{"class":281},[48,126053,151],{"class":62},[48,126055,40685],{"class":99},[48,126057,670],{"class":62},[20,126059,126060],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[39,126062,126064],{"className":41,"code":126063,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126065,126066,126074,126096,126100],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126067,126068,126070,126072],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126069,183],{"class":54},[48,126071,59],{"class":58},[48,126073,45770],{"class":99},[48,126075,126076,126078,126080,126082,126084,126086,126088,126090,126092,126094],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126077,90558],{"class":54},[48,126079,59],{"class":58},[48,126081,79],{"class":66},[48,126083,89976],{"class":70},[48,126085,67],{"class":66},[48,126087,3238],{"class":58},[48,126089,49450],{"class":281},[48,126091,151],{"class":62},[48,126093,92],{"class":137},[48,126095,162],{"class":62},[48,126097,126098],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,126099,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,126101,126102,126104,126106,126108],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,126103,276],{"class":147},[48,126105,151],{"class":62},[48,126107,90575],{"class":137},[48,126109,162],{"class":62},[20,126111,126112,126113,352,126117,134],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[348,126114,4356,126115,4289],{"href":42718},[15,126116,48229],{},[348,126118,126119],{"href":123831},"how to convert int to string in Python",[34,126121,126123],{"id":126122},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,126125,126126],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,126128,126129],{},"Both of these are valid:",[39,126131,126133],{"className":41,"code":126132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,126134,126135,126147],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126136,126137,126139,126141,126143,126145],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126138,3338],{"class":54},[48,126140,59],{"class":58},[48,126142,320],{"class":66},[48,126144,8066],{"class":70},[48,126146,30233],{"class":66},[48,126148,126149,126151,126153,126155,126157],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126150,3365],{"class":54},[48,126152,59],{"class":58},[48,126154,79],{"class":66},[48,126156,8066],{"class":70},[48,126158,4138],{"class":66},[20,126160,126161],{},"A common rule is:",[209,126163,126164,126167,126170],{},[212,126165,126166],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[212,126168,126169],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[212,126171,126172],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,126174,226],{},[39,126176,126178],{"className":41,"code":126177,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126179,126180,126194,126208,126212,126223],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126181,126182,126185,126187,126189,126192],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126183,126184],{"class":54},"text1 ",[48,126186,59],{"class":58},[48,126188,79],{"class":66},[48,126190,126191],{"class":70},"It's working",[48,126193,4138],{"class":66},[48,126195,126196,126199,126201,126203,126206],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126197,126198],{"class":54},"text2 ",[48,126200,59],{"class":58},[48,126202,320],{"class":66},[48,126204,126205],{"class":70},"She said \"hello\"",[48,126207,30233],{"class":66},[48,126209,126210],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,126211,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,126213,126214,126216,126218,126221],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,126215,276],{"class":147},[48,126217,151],{"class":62},[48,126219,126220],{"class":137},"text1",[48,126222,162],{"class":62},[48,126224,126225,126227,126229,126232],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,126226,276],{"class":147},[48,126228,151],{"class":62},[48,126230,126231],{"class":137},"text2",[48,126233,162],{"class":62},[20,126235,126236],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[34,126238,126240],{"id":126239},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,126242,126243],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,126245,126246],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[39,126248,126250],{"className":41,"code":126249,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,126251,126252,126257],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126253,126254],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126255,126256],{"class":4445},"# This will cause an error\n",[48,126258,126259],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126260,126261],{"class":4445},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,126263,126264,126265,35867,126267,126270],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,126266,311],{},[15,126268,126269],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,126272,126273],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[39,126275,126277],{"className":41,"code":126276,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,126278,126279,126298],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126280,126281,126283,126285,126287,126290,126293,126296],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126282,35224],{"class":54},[48,126284,59],{"class":58},[48,126286,320],{"class":66},[48,126288,126289],{"class":70},"It",[48,126291,126292],{"class":34989},"\\'",[48,126294,126295],{"class":70},"s working",[48,126297,30233],{"class":66},[48,126299,126300,126302,126304,126306],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126301,276],{"class":147},[48,126303,151],{"class":62},[48,126305,35245],{"class":137},[48,126307,162],{"class":62},[20,126309,126310],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[39,126312,126314],{"className":41,"code":126313,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126315,126316,126328],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126317,126318,126320,126322,126324,126326],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126319,35224],{"class":54},[48,126321,59],{"class":58},[48,126323,79],{"class":66},[48,126325,126191],{"class":70},[48,126327,4138],{"class":66},[48,126329,126330,126332,126334,126336],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126331,276],{"class":147},[48,126333,151],{"class":62},[48,126335,35245],{"class":137},[48,126337,162],{"class":62},[20,126339,126340],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126342,126343,126344,134],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[348,126345,126347],{"href":126346},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[34,126349,1745],{"id":1744},[20,126351,126352],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1752,126354,90765],{"id":90764},[20,126356,126357],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[39,126359,126361],{"className":41,"code":126360,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126362,126363,126367],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126364,126365],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126366,126256],{"class":4445},[48,126368,126369],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126370,126371],{"class":4445},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126373,126374,126375,9368,126378,126380],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126376,126377],{},"NameError",[15,126379,417],{}," is not defined.",[20,126382,11559],{},[39,126384,126386],{"className":41,"code":126385,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126387,126388,126400],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126389,126390,126392,126394,126396,126398],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126391,8645],{"class":54},[48,126393,59],{"class":58},[48,126395,79],{"class":66},[48,126397,417],{"class":70},[48,126399,4138],{"class":66},[48,126401,126402,126404,126406,126408],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126403,276],{"class":147},[48,126405,151],{"class":62},[48,126407,71],{"class":137},[48,126409,162],{"class":62},[1752,126411,126413],{"id":126412},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126415,126416],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[39,126418,126420],{"className":41,"code":126419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126421,126422,126426],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126423,126424],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126425,126256],{"class":4445},[48,126427,126428],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126429,126430],{"class":4445},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126432,126433],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[39,126435,126437],{"className":41,"code":126436,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126438,126439,126456,126469,126473,126483],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126440,126441,126443,126445,126447,126449,126451,126454],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126442,126184],{"class":54},[48,126444,59],{"class":58},[48,126446,320],{"class":66},[48,126448,126289],{"class":70},[48,126450,126292],{"class":34989},[48,126452,126453],{"class":70},"s good",[48,126455,30233],{"class":66},[48,126457,126458,126460,126462,126464,126467],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126459,126198],{"class":54},[48,126461,59],{"class":58},[48,126463,79],{"class":66},[48,126465,126466],{"class":70},"It's good",[48,126468,4138],{"class":66},[48,126470,126471],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,126472,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,126474,126475,126477,126479,126481],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,126476,276],{"class":147},[48,126478,151],{"class":62},[48,126480,126220],{"class":137},[48,126482,162],{"class":62},[48,126484,126485,126487,126489,126491],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,126486,276],{"class":147},[48,126488,151],{"class":62},[48,126490,126231],{"class":137},[48,126492,162],{"class":62},[1752,126494,126496],{"id":126495},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126498,126499],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[39,126501,126503],{"className":41,"code":126502,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126504,126505,126517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126506,126507,126509,126511,126513,126515],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126508,35224],{"class":54},[48,126510,59],{"class":58},[48,126512,125860],{"class":66},[48,126514,4628],{"class":70},[48,126516,43880],{"class":66},[48,126518,126519,126521,126523,126525],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126520,276],{"class":147},[48,126522,151],{"class":62},[48,126524,35245],{"class":137},[48,126526,162],{"class":62},[20,126528,126529],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[39,126531,126533],{"className":41,"code":126532,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126534,126535,126547],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126536,126537,126539,126541,126543,126545],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126538,35224],{"class":54},[48,126540,59],{"class":58},[48,126542,79],{"class":66},[48,126544,4628],{"class":70},[48,126546,4138],{"class":66},[48,126548,126549,126551,126553,126555],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126550,276],{"class":147},[48,126552,151],{"class":62},[48,126554,35245],{"class":137},[48,126556,162],{"class":62},[1752,126558,5361,126560,5174,126562,126564],{"id":126559},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126561,50792],{},[15,126563,50842],{}," are the same type",[20,126566,126567],{},"They are different:",[39,126569,126571],{"className":41,"code":126570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126572,126573,126582,126595,126599,126613],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126574,126575,126578,126580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126576,126577],{"class":54},"value1 ",[48,126579,59],{"class":58},[48,126581,125588],{"class":99},[48,126583,126584,126587,126589,126591,126593],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126585,126586],{"class":54},"value2 ",[48,126588,59],{"class":58},[48,126590,79],{"class":66},[48,126592,50792],{"class":70},[48,126594,4138],{"class":66},[48,126596,126597],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,126598,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,126600,126601,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,126602,276],{"class":147},[48,126604,151],{"class":62},[48,126606,2094],{"class":281},[48,126608,151],{"class":62},[48,126610,85321],{"class":137},[48,126612,670],{"class":62},[48,126614,126615,126617,126619,126621,126623,126626],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,126616,276],{"class":147},[48,126618,151],{"class":62},[48,126620,2094],{"class":281},[48,126622,151],{"class":62},[48,126624,126625],{"class":137},"value2",[48,126627,670],{"class":62},[20,126629,168],{},[39,126631,126633],{"className":41,"code":126632,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126634,126635,126649],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126636,126637,126639,126641,126643,126645,126647],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126638,2168],{"class":58},[48,126640,2171],{"class":915},[48,126642,320],{"class":66},[48,126644,2972],{"class":70},[48,126646,311],{"class":66},[48,126648,2180],{"class":58},[48,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126652,2168],{"class":58},[48,126654,2171],{"class":915},[48,126656,320],{"class":66},[48,126658,4223],{"class":70},[48,126660,311],{"class":66},[48,126662,2180],{"class":58},[1752,126664,126666],{"id":126665},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126668,126669],{},"This causes a type error:",[39,126671,126673],{"className":41,"code":126672,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126674,126675,126679,126684],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126676,126677],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126678,126256],{"class":4445},[48,126680,126681],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126682,126683],{"class":4445},"# age = 10\n",[48,126685,126686],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,126687,126688],{"class":4445},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126690,126691,126692,76],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126693,48229],{},[39,126695,126697],{"className":41,"code":126696,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126698,126699,126707,126729,126733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126700,126701,126703,126705],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126702,183],{"class":54},[48,126704,59],{"class":58},[48,126706,3370],{"class":99},[48,126708,126709,126711,126713,126715,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126727],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126710,90558],{"class":54},[48,126712,59],{"class":58},[48,126714,79],{"class":66},[48,126716,89976],{"class":70},[48,126718,67],{"class":66},[48,126720,3238],{"class":58},[48,126722,49450],{"class":281},[48,126724,151],{"class":62},[48,126726,92],{"class":137},[48,126728,162],{"class":62},[48,126730,126731],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,126732,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,126734,126735,126737,126739,126741],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,126736,276],{"class":147},[48,126738,151],{"class":62},[48,126740,90575],{"class":137},[48,126742,162],{"class":62},[20,126744,126745,126746,134],{},"For this specific error, see ",[348,126747,90957],{"href":90956},[1752,126749,61260],{"id":61259},[20,126751,126752],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[39,126754,126756],{"className":41,"code":126755,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126757,126758,126770,126774,126784,126798],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126759,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126761,35224],{"class":54},[48,126763,59],{"class":58},[48,126765,79],{"class":66},[48,126767,4628],{"class":70},[48,126769,4138],{"class":66},[48,126771,126772],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,126773,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,126775,126776,126778,126780,126782],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,126777,276],{"class":147},[48,126779,151],{"class":62},[48,126781,35245],{"class":137},[48,126783,162],{"class":62},[48,126785,126786,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,126787,276],{"class":147},[48,126789,151],{"class":62},[48,126791,2094],{"class":281},[48,126793,151],{"class":62},[48,126795,35245],{"class":137},[48,126797,670],{"class":62},[48,126799,126800,126802,126804,126806,126808,126810],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,126801,276],{"class":147},[48,126803,151],{"class":62},[48,126805,42322],{"class":147},[48,126807,151],{"class":62},[48,126809,35245],{"class":137},[48,126811,670],{"class":62},[209,126813,126814,126819,126824],{},[212,126815,126816,46823],{},[15,126817,126818],{},"print(text)",[212,126820,126821,46828],{},[15,126822,126823],{},"print(type(text))",[212,126825,126826,126829],{},[15,126827,126828],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[34,126831,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,126833,126835],{"id":126834},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126837,126838,126839,352,126842,134],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126840,126841],{},"'hello'",[15,126843,65085],{},[1752,126845,126847],{"id":126846},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126849,126850],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1752,126852,126854],{"id":126853},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126856,189,126857,352,126859,134],{},[15,126858,7047],{},[15,126860,4555],{},[1752,126862,126864],{"id":126863},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126866,189,126867,126869,126870,126872,126873,134],{},[15,126868,48229],{},", like ",[15,126871,80931],{},", which returns ",[15,126874,42669],{},[1752,126876,126878],{"id":126877},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126880,126881],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[34,126883,2679],{"id":2678},[209,126885,126886,126890,126896,126901,126910,126914],{},[212,126887,126888],{},[348,126889,125661],{"href":51522},[212,126891,126892],{},[348,126893,4356,126894,4289],{"href":42718},[15,126895,48229],{},[212,126897,126898],{},[348,126899,126900],{"href":123831},"How to convert int to string in Python",[212,126902,126903],{},[348,126904,126906,126907,2689],{"href":126905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126908,126909],{},"format()",[212,126911,126912],{},[348,126913,126347],{"href":126346},[212,126915,126916],{},[348,126917,90957],{"href":90956},[2711,126919,126920],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":126922},[126923,126924,126925,126926,126927,126928,126929,126930,126931,126940,126947],{"id":15890,"depth":106,"text":15891},{"id":125500,"depth":106,"text":125501},{"id":125664,"depth":106,"text":125665},{"id":125739,"depth":106,"text":125740},{"id":125839,"depth":106,"text":125840},{"id":125944,"depth":106,"text":125945},{"id":126122,"depth":106,"text":126123},{"id":126239,"depth":106,"text":126240},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":126932},[126933,126934,126935,126936,126938,126939],{"id":90764,"depth":113,"text":90765},{"id":126412,"depth":113,"text":126413},{"id":126495,"depth":113,"text":126496},{"id":126559,"depth":113,"text":126937},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126665,"depth":113,"text":126666},{"id":61259,"depth":113,"text":61260},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":126941},[126942,126943,126944,126945,126946],{"id":126834,"depth":113,"text":126835},{"id":126846,"depth":113,"text":126847},{"id":126853,"depth":113,"text":126854},{"id":126863,"depth":113,"text":126864},{"id":126877,"depth":113,"text":126878},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125362,"description":126948},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126955,"title":126956,"body":126957,"description":128871,"extension":2749,"meta":128872,"navigation":109,"path":128873,"seo":128874,"stem":128875,"__hash__":128876},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126958,"toc":128832},[126959,126965,126970,126978,126980,127047,127049,127061,127070,127075,127079,127096,127098,127163,127165,127177,127182,127184,127212,127233,127236,127275,127277,127285,127289,127293,127297,127305,127308,127349,127351,127359,127362,127419,127421,127429,127433,127438,127482,127484,127492,127501,127505,127510,127558,127560,127568,127574,127576,127580,127592,127597,127676,127678,127698,127702,127706,127746,127748,127756,127760,127803,127805,127813,127817,127857,127859,127867,127871,127927,127929,127937,127943,127945,127949,127959,128026,128028,128041,128048,128091,128093,128101,128105,128108,128164,128166,128174,128177,128179,128256,128258,128266,128275,128277,128281,128285,128287,128309,128312,128359,128363,128402,128404,128412,128414,128456,128463,128468,128530,128532,128544,128550,128555,128604,128606,128625,128631,128633,128652,128654,128745,128747,128753,128760,128766,128772,128777,128786,128793,128801,128803,128829],[10,126960,123906,126962,18],{"id":126961},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126963,126964],{},"endswith()",[20,126966,123911,126967,126969],{},[15,126968,126964],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126971,126972,126973,352,126975,126977],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126974,4385],{},[15,126976,4456],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[34,126979,37],{"id":36},[39,126981,126983],{"className":41,"code":126982,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126984,126985,126999,127024],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126986,126987,126990,126992,126994,126997],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126988,126989],{"class":54},"filename ",[48,126991,59],{"class":58},[48,126993,79],{"class":66},[48,126995,126996],{"class":70},"report.csv",[48,126998,4138],{"class":66},[48,127000,127001,127003,127005,127008,127010,127013,127015,127017,127020,127022],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127002,276],{"class":147},[48,127004,151],{"class":62},[48,127006,127007],{"class":137},"filename",[48,127009,134],{"class":62},[48,127011,127012],{"class":137},"endswith",[48,127014,151],{"class":62},[48,127016,67],{"class":66},[48,127018,127019],{"class":70},".csv",[48,127021,67],{"class":66},[48,127023,670],{"class":62},[48,127025,127026,127028,127030,127032,127034,127036,127038,127040,127043,127045],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,127027,276],{"class":147},[48,127029,151],{"class":62},[48,127031,127007],{"class":137},[48,127033,134],{"class":62},[48,127035,127012],{"class":137},[48,127037,151],{"class":62},[48,127039,67],{"class":66},[48,127041,127042],{"class":70},".txt",[48,127044,67],{"class":66},[48,127046,670],{"class":62},[20,127048,168],{},[39,127050,127051],{"className":41,"code":44718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127052,127053,127057],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127054,127055],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127056,4761],{"class":1642},[48,127058,127059],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127060,4822],{"class":1642},[20,127062,189,127063,6147,127065,352,127067,127069],{},[15,127064,126964],{},[15,127066,4385],{},[15,127068,4456],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[34,127071,196,127073,199],{"id":127072},"what-endswith-does",[15,127074,126964],{},[20,127076,127077,76],{},[15,127078,126964],{},[209,127080,127081,127084,127090,127093],{},[212,127082,127083],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[212,127085,12175,127086,352,127088],{},[15,127087,4385],{},[15,127089,4456],{},[212,127091,127092],{},"Does not change the original string",[212,127094,127095],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,127097,226],{},[39,127099,127101],{"className":41,"code":127100,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,127102,127103,127115,127119,127141],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127104,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127106,35224],{"class":54},[48,127108,59],{"class":58},[48,127110,79],{"class":66},[48,127112,60956],{"class":70},[48,127114,4138],{"class":66},[48,127116,127117],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127118,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,127120,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,127122,276],{"class":147},[48,127124,151],{"class":62},[48,127126,35245],{"class":137},[48,127128,134],{"class":62},[48,127130,127012],{"class":137},[48,127132,151],{"class":62},[48,127134,67],{"class":66},[48,127136,61141],{"class":70},[48,127138,67],{"class":66},[48,127140,670],{"class":62},[48,127142,127143,127145,127147,127149,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,127144,276],{"class":147},[48,127146,151],{"class":62},[48,127148,35245],{"class":137},[48,127150,134],{"class":62},[48,127152,127012],{"class":137},[48,127154,151],{"class":62},[48,127156,67],{"class":66},[48,127158,4628],{"class":70},[48,127160,67],{"class":66},[48,127162,670],{"class":62},[20,127164,168],{},[39,127166,127167],{"className":41,"code":44718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127168,127169,127173],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127170,127171],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127172,4761],{"class":1642},[48,127174,127175],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127176,4822],{"class":1642},[20,127178,127179,127180,134],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[348,127181,125661],{"href":51522},[34,127183,360],{"id":359},[39,127185,127187],{"className":41,"code":127186,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,127188,127189],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127190,127191,127193,127195,127197,127199,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127192,61724],{"class":54},[48,127194,134],{"class":62},[48,127196,127012],{"class":137},[48,127198,151],{"class":62},[48,127200,127201],{"class":137},"suffix",[48,127203,87],{"class":62},[48,127205,36590],{"class":137},[48,127207,87],{"class":62},[48,127209,65591],{"class":137},[48,127211,162],{"class":62},[209,127213,127214,127219,127226],{},[212,127215,127216,127218],{},[15,127217,127201],{}," is required",[212,127220,127221,5174,127223,127225],{},[15,127222,36611],{},[15,127224,53208],{}," are optional",[212,127227,127228,5174,127230,127232],{},[15,127229,36611],{},[15,127231,53208],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,127234,127235],{},"Basic example:",[39,127237,127239],{"className":41,"code":127238,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127240,127241,127253],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127242,127243,127245,127247,127249,127251],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127244,126989],{"class":54},[48,127246,59],{"class":58},[48,127248,79],{"class":66},[48,127250,87446],{"class":70},[48,127252,4138],{"class":66},[48,127254,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127256,276],{"class":147},[48,127258,151],{"class":62},[48,127260,127007],{"class":137},[48,127262,134],{"class":62},[48,127264,127012],{"class":137},[48,127266,151],{"class":62},[48,127268,67],{"class":66},[48,127270,127042],{"class":70},[48,127272,67],{"class":66},[48,127274,670],{"class":62},[20,127276,168],{},[39,127278,127279],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127280,127281],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127282,127283],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127284,4761],{"class":1642},[34,127286,127288],{"id":127287},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1752,127290,127291],{"id":127201},[15,127292,127201],{},[20,127294,127295,31284],{},[15,127296,127201],{},[209,127298,127299,127302],{},[212,127300,127301],{},"A single string",[212,127303,127304],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,127306,127307],{},"Single suffix:",[39,127309,127311],{"className":41,"code":127310,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127312,127313,127326],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127314,127315,127317,127319,127321,127324],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127316,8645],{"class":54},[48,127318,59],{"class":58},[48,127320,79],{"class":66},[48,127322,127323],{"class":70},"image.png",[48,127325,4138],{"class":66},[48,127327,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127345,127347],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127329,276],{"class":147},[48,127331,151],{"class":62},[48,127333,71],{"class":137},[48,127335,134],{"class":62},[48,127337,127012],{"class":137},[48,127339,151],{"class":62},[48,127341,67],{"class":66},[48,127343,127344],{"class":70},".png",[48,127346,67],{"class":66},[48,127348,670],{"class":62},[20,127350,168],{},[39,127352,127353],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127354,127355],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127356,127357],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127358,4761],{"class":1642},[20,127360,127361],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[39,127363,127365],{"className":41,"code":127364,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127366,127367,127379],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127368,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127370,8645],{"class":54},[48,127372,59],{"class":58},[48,127374,79],{"class":66},[48,127376,127323],{"class":70},[48,127378,4138],{"class":66},[48,127380,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127415,127417],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127382,276],{"class":147},[48,127384,151],{"class":62},[48,127386,71],{"class":137},[48,127388,134],{"class":62},[48,127390,127012],{"class":137},[48,127392,6287],{"class":62},[48,127394,67],{"class":66},[48,127396,127397],{"class":70},".jpg",[48,127399,67],{"class":66},[48,127401,87],{"class":62},[48,127403,79],{"class":66},[48,127405,127344],{"class":70},[48,127407,67],{"class":66},[48,127409,87],{"class":62},[48,127411,79],{"class":66},[48,127413,127414],{"class":70},".gif",[48,127416,67],{"class":66},[48,127418,3693],{"class":62},[20,127420,168],{},[39,127422,127423],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127424,127425],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127426,127427],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127428,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,127430,127431],{"id":36611},[15,127432,36611],{},[20,127434,127435,127437],{},[15,127436,36611],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[39,127439,127441],{"className":41,"code":127440,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127442,127443,127456],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127444,127445,127447,127449,127451,127454],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127446,35224],{"class":54},[48,127448,59],{"class":58},[48,127450,79],{"class":66},[48,127452,127453],{"class":70},"my_report.csv",[48,127455,4138],{"class":66},[48,127457,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478,127480],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127459,276],{"class":147},[48,127461,151],{"class":62},[48,127463,35245],{"class":137},[48,127465,134],{"class":62},[48,127467,127012],{"class":137},[48,127469,151],{"class":62},[48,127471,67],{"class":66},[48,127473,127019],{"class":70},[48,127475,67],{"class":66},[48,127477,87],{"class":62},[48,127479,800],{"class":99},[48,127481,670],{"class":62},[20,127483,168],{},[39,127485,127486],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127487,127488],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127489,127490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127491,4761],{"class":1642},[20,127493,127494,127495,127497,127498,134],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127496,2848],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127499,127500],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1752,127502,127503],{"id":53208},[15,127504,53208],{},[20,127506,127507,127509],{},[15,127508,53208],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[39,127511,127513],{"className":41,"code":127512,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127514,127515,127528],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127516,127517,127519,127521,127523,127526],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127518,35224],{"class":54},[48,127520,59],{"class":58},[48,127522,79],{"class":66},[48,127524,127525],{"class":70},"report.csv backup",[48,127527,4138],{"class":66},[48,127529,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127531,276],{"class":147},[48,127533,151],{"class":62},[48,127535,35245],{"class":137},[48,127537,134],{"class":62},[48,127539,127012],{"class":137},[48,127541,151],{"class":62},[48,127543,67],{"class":66},[48,127545,127019],{"class":70},[48,127547,67],{"class":66},[48,127549,87],{"class":62},[48,127551,4616],{"class":99},[48,127553,87],{"class":62},[48,127555,2493],{"class":99},[48,127557,670],{"class":62},[20,127559,168],{},[39,127561,127562],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127563,127564],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127565,127566],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127567,4761],{"class":1642},[20,127569,127570,127571,127573],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127572,127500],{}," and ignores the rest.",[34,127575,18143],{"id":18142},[20,127577,127578,26040],{},[15,127579,126964],{},[209,127581,127582,127587],{},[212,127583,127584,127586],{},[15,127585,4385],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[212,127588,127589,127591],{},[15,127590,4456],{}," if it does not",[20,127593,127594,127595,7942],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127596,7767],{},[39,127598,127600],{"className":41,"code":127599,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127601,127602,127615,127619,127640,127655,127661],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127603,127604,127606,127608,127610,127613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127605,126989],{"class":54},[48,127607,59],{"class":58},[48,127609,79],{"class":66},[48,127611,127612],{"class":70},"data.csv",[48,127614,4138],{"class":66},[48,127616,127617],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127618,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,127620,127621,127623,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,127622,7767],{"class":116},[48,127624,127625],{"class":54}," filename",[48,127627,134],{"class":62},[48,127629,127012],{"class":137},[48,127631,151],{"class":62},[48,127633,67],{"class":66},[48,127635,127019],{"class":70},[48,127637,67],{"class":66},[48,127639,9109],{"class":62},[48,127641,127642,127644,127646,127648,127651,127653],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,127643,148],{"class":147},[48,127645,151],{"class":62},[48,127647,67],{"class":66},[48,127649,127650],{"class":70},"This is a CSV file.",[48,127652,67],{"class":66},[48,127654,162],{"class":62},[48,127656,127657,127659],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,127658,27966],{"class":116},[48,127660,1053],{"class":62},[48,127662,127663,127665,127667,127669,127672,127674],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,127664,148],{"class":147},[48,127666,151],{"class":62},[48,127668,67],{"class":66},[48,127670,127671],{"class":70},"This is not a CSV file.",[48,127673,67],{"class":66},[48,127675,162],{"class":62},[20,127677,168],{},[39,127679,127681],{"className":41,"code":127680,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127682,127683],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127684,127685,127687,127689,127691,127694,127696],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127686,50425],{"class":54},[48,127688,12939],{"class":58},[48,127690,45089],{"class":54},[48,127692,127693],{"class":34989},"CSV",[48,127695,87187],{"class":87186},[48,127697,122938],{"class":62},[34,127699,127701],{"id":127700},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1752,127703,127705],{"id":127704},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[39,127707,127709],{"className":41,"code":127708,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127710,127711,127724],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127712,127713,127715,127717,127719,127722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127714,126989],{"class":54},[48,127716,59],{"class":58},[48,127718,79],{"class":66},[48,127720,127721],{"class":70},"sales.csv",[48,127723,4138],{"class":66},[48,127725,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127727,276],{"class":147},[48,127729,151],{"class":62},[48,127731,127007],{"class":137},[48,127733,134],{"class":62},[48,127735,127012],{"class":137},[48,127737,151],{"class":62},[48,127739,67],{"class":66},[48,127741,127019],{"class":70},[48,127743,67],{"class":66},[48,127745,670],{"class":62},[20,127747,168],{},[39,127749,127750],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127751,127752],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127753,127754],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127755,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,127757,127759],{"id":127758},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[39,127761,127763],{"className":41,"code":127762,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127764,127765,127779],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127766,127767,127770,127772,127774,127777],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127768,127769],{"class":54},"url ",[48,127771,59],{"class":58},[48,127773,79],{"class":66},[48,127775,127776],{"class":70},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[48,127778,4138],{"class":66},[48,127780,127781,127783,127785,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796,127799,127801],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127782,276],{"class":147},[48,127784,151],{"class":62},[48,127786,127787],{"class":137},"url",[48,127789,134],{"class":62},[48,127791,127012],{"class":137},[48,127793,151],{"class":62},[48,127795,67],{"class":66},[48,127797,127798],{"class":70},"\u002F",[48,127800,67],{"class":66},[48,127802,670],{"class":62},[20,127804,168],{},[39,127806,127807],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127808,127809],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127810,127811],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127812,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,127814,127816],{"id":127815},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[39,127818,127820],{"className":41,"code":127819,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127821,127822,127835],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127823,127824,127826,127828,127830,127833],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127825,90558],{"class":54},[48,127827,59],{"class":58},[48,127829,79],{"class":66},[48,127831,127832],{"class":70},"Hello!",[48,127834,4138],{"class":66},[48,127836,127837,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127838,276],{"class":147},[48,127840,151],{"class":62},[48,127842,90575],{"class":137},[48,127844,134],{"class":62},[48,127846,127012],{"class":137},[48,127848,151],{"class":62},[48,127850,67],{"class":66},[48,127852,90399],{"class":70},[48,127854,67],{"class":66},[48,127856,670],{"class":62},[20,127858,168],{},[39,127860,127861],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127862,127863],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127864,127865],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127866,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,127868,127870],{"id":127869},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[39,127872,127874],{"className":41,"code":127873,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127875,127876,127889],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127877,127878,127880,127882,127884,127887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127879,126989],{"class":54},[48,127881,59],{"class":58},[48,127883,79],{"class":66},[48,127885,127886],{"class":70},"photo.jpg",[48,127888,4138],{"class":66},[48,127890,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127892,276],{"class":147},[48,127894,151],{"class":62},[48,127896,127007],{"class":137},[48,127898,134],{"class":62},[48,127900,127012],{"class":137},[48,127902,6287],{"class":62},[48,127904,67],{"class":66},[48,127906,127397],{"class":70},[48,127908,67],{"class":66},[48,127910,87],{"class":62},[48,127912,79],{"class":66},[48,127914,127344],{"class":70},[48,127916,67],{"class":66},[48,127918,87],{"class":62},[48,127920,79],{"class":66},[48,127922,127414],{"class":70},[48,127924,67],{"class":66},[48,127926,3693],{"class":62},[20,127928,168],{},[39,127930,127931],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127932,127933],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127934,127935],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127936,4761],{"class":1642},[20,127938,127939,127940,134],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[348,127941,127942],{"href":124161},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[34,127944,124553],{"id":124552},[20,127946,127947,124364],{},[15,127948,126964],{},[20,127950,127951,127952,5174,127955,127958],{},"That means ",[15,127953,127954],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127956,127957],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[39,127960,127962],{"className":41,"code":127961,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127963,127964,127977,127981,128003],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127965,127966,127968,127970,127972,127975],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127967,126989],{"class":54},[48,127969,59],{"class":58},[48,127971,79],{"class":66},[48,127973,127974],{"class":70},"REPORT.CSV",[48,127976,4138],{"class":66},[48,127978,127979],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,127980,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,127982,127983,127985,127987,127989,127991,127993,127995,127997,127999,128001],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,127984,276],{"class":147},[48,127986,151],{"class":62},[48,127988,127007],{"class":137},[48,127990,134],{"class":62},[48,127992,127012],{"class":137},[48,127994,151],{"class":62},[48,127996,67],{"class":66},[48,127998,127019],{"class":70},[48,128000,67],{"class":66},[48,128002,670],{"class":62},[48,128004,128005,128007,128009,128011,128013,128015,128017,128019,128022,128024],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,128006,276],{"class":147},[48,128008,151],{"class":62},[48,128010,127007],{"class":137},[48,128012,134],{"class":62},[48,128014,127012],{"class":137},[48,128016,151],{"class":62},[48,128018,67],{"class":66},[48,128020,128021],{"class":70},".CSV",[48,128023,67],{"class":66},[48,128025,670],{"class":62},[20,128027,168],{},[39,128029,128031],{"className":41,"code":128030,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\nTrue\n",[15,128032,128033,128037],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128034,128035],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128036,4822],{"class":1642},[48,128038,128039],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128040,4761],{"class":1642},[20,128042,128043,128044,134],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[348,128045,128046],{"href":124633},[15,128047,124636],{},[39,128049,128051],{"className":41,"code":128050,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128052,128053,128065],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128054,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128056,126989],{"class":54},[48,128058,59],{"class":58},[48,128060,79],{"class":66},[48,128062,127974],{"class":70},[48,128064,4138],{"class":66},[48,128066,128067,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128068,276],{"class":147},[48,128070,151],{"class":62},[48,128072,127007],{"class":137},[48,128074,134],{"class":62},[48,128076,9407],{"class":137},[48,128078,9404],{"class":62},[48,128080,127012],{"class":137},[48,128082,151],{"class":62},[48,128084,67],{"class":66},[48,128086,127019],{"class":70},[48,128088,67],{"class":66},[48,128090,670],{"class":62},[20,128092,168],{},[39,128094,128095],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,128096,128097],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128098,128099],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128100,4761],{"class":1642},[34,128102,128104],{"id":128103},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,128106,128107],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[39,128109,128111],{"className":41,"code":128110,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,128112,128113,128126],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128114,128115,128117,128119,128121,128124],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128116,126989],{"class":54},[48,128118,59],{"class":58},[48,128120,79],{"class":66},[48,128122,128123],{"class":70},"picture.gif",[48,128125,4138],{"class":66},[48,128127,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160,128162],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128129,276],{"class":147},[48,128131,151],{"class":62},[48,128133,127007],{"class":137},[48,128135,134],{"class":62},[48,128137,127012],{"class":137},[48,128139,6287],{"class":62},[48,128141,67],{"class":66},[48,128143,127397],{"class":70},[48,128145,67],{"class":66},[48,128147,87],{"class":62},[48,128149,79],{"class":66},[48,128151,127344],{"class":70},[48,128153,67],{"class":66},[48,128155,87],{"class":62},[48,128157,79],{"class":66},[48,128159,127414],{"class":70},[48,128161,67],{"class":66},[48,128163,3693],{"class":62},[20,128165,168],{},[39,128167,128168],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,128169,128170],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128171,128172],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128173,4761],{"class":1642},[20,128175,128176],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,128178,52627],{},[39,128180,128182],{"className":41,"code":128181,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,128183,128184,128197,128232,128236],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128185,128186,128189,128191,128193,128195],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128187,128188],{"class":54},"document ",[48,128190,59],{"class":58},[48,128192,79],{"class":66},[48,128194,87446],{"class":70},[48,128196,4138],{"class":66},[48,128198,128199,128202,128204,128206,128208,128210,128212,128214,128216,128219,128221,128223,128225,128228,128230],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128200,128201],{"class":54},"allowed ",[48,128203,59],{"class":58},[48,128205,330],{"class":62},[48,128207,67],{"class":66},[48,128209,127042],{"class":70},[48,128211,67],{"class":66},[48,128213,87],{"class":62},[48,128215,79],{"class":66},[48,128217,128218],{"class":70},".md",[48,128220,67],{"class":66},[48,128222,87],{"class":62},[48,128224,79],{"class":66},[48,128226,128227],{"class":70},".docx",[48,128229,67],{"class":66},[48,128231,162],{"class":62},[48,128233,128234],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,128235,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,128237,128238,128240,128242,128245,128247,128249,128251,128254],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,128239,276],{"class":147},[48,128241,151],{"class":62},[48,128243,128244],{"class":137},"document",[48,128246,134],{"class":62},[48,128248,127012],{"class":137},[48,128250,151],{"class":62},[48,128252,128253],{"class":137},"allowed",[48,128255,670],{"class":62},[20,128257,168],{},[39,128259,128260],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,128261,128262],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128263,128264],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128265,4761],{"class":1642},[20,128267,128268,128269,134],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[348,128270,126906,128272,2689],{"href":128271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,128273,128274],{},"startswith()",[34,128276,1745],{"id":1744},[20,128278,9214,128279,134],{},[15,128280,126964],{},[1752,128282,128284],{"id":128283},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,128286,5307],{},[39,128288,128290],{"className":41,"code":128289,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,128291,128292,128304],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128293,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128295,126989],{"class":54},[48,128297,59],{"class":58},[48,128299,79],{"class":66},[48,128301,127886],{"class":70},[48,128303,4138],{"class":66},[48,128305,128306],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128307,128308],{"class":4445},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128310,128311],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[39,128313,128315],{"className":41,"code":128314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128316,128317,128329],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128318,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128320,126989],{"class":54},[48,128322,59],{"class":58},[48,128324,79],{"class":66},[48,128326,127886],{"class":70},[48,128328,4138],{"class":66},[48,128330,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128332,276],{"class":147},[48,128334,151],{"class":62},[48,128336,127007],{"class":137},[48,128338,134],{"class":62},[48,128340,127012],{"class":137},[48,128342,6287],{"class":62},[48,128344,67],{"class":66},[48,128346,127397],{"class":70},[48,128348,67],{"class":66},[48,128350,87],{"class":62},[48,128352,79],{"class":66},[48,128354,127344],{"class":70},[48,128356,67],{"class":66},[48,128358,3693],{"class":62},[1752,128360,128362],{"id":128361},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[39,128364,128366],{"className":41,"code":128365,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128367,128368,128380],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128369,128370,128372,128374,128376,128378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128371,126989],{"class":54},[48,128373,59],{"class":58},[48,128375,79],{"class":66},[48,128377,127974],{"class":70},[48,128379,4138],{"class":66},[48,128381,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128383,276],{"class":147},[48,128385,151],{"class":62},[48,128387,127007],{"class":137},[48,128389,134],{"class":62},[48,128391,127012],{"class":137},[48,128393,151],{"class":62},[48,128395,67],{"class":66},[48,128397,127019],{"class":70},[48,128399,67],{"class":66},[48,128401,670],{"class":62},[20,128403,168],{},[39,128405,128406],{"className":41,"code":4822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,128407,128408],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128409,128410],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128411,4822],{"class":1642},[20,128413,39803],{},[39,128415,128416],{"className":41,"code":128050,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,128417,128418,128430],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128419,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128421,126989],{"class":54},[48,128423,59],{"class":58},[48,128425,79],{"class":66},[48,128427,127974],{"class":70},[48,128429,4138],{"class":66},[48,128431,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128433,276],{"class":147},[48,128435,151],{"class":62},[48,128437,127007],{"class":137},[48,128439,134],{"class":62},[48,128441,9407],{"class":137},[48,128443,9404],{"class":62},[48,128445,127012],{"class":137},[48,128447,151],{"class":62},[48,128449,67],{"class":66},[48,128451,127019],{"class":70},[48,128453,67],{"class":66},[48,128455,670],{"class":62},[1752,128457,37744,128459,9471,128461],{"id":128458},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128460,126964],{},[15,128462,128],{},[20,128464,128465,128467],{},[15,128466,126964],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[39,128469,128471],{"className":41,"code":128470,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128472,128473,128486,128490,128512],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128474,128475,128477,128479,128481,128484],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128476,35224],{"class":54},[48,128478,59],{"class":58},[48,128480,79],{"class":66},[48,128482,128483],{"class":70},"my_report.csv.backup",[48,128485,4138],{"class":66},[48,128487,128488],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128489,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,128491,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,128493,276],{"class":147},[48,128495,151],{"class":62},[48,128497,35245],{"class":137},[48,128499,134],{"class":62},[48,128501,127012],{"class":137},[48,128503,151],{"class":62},[48,128505,67],{"class":66},[48,128507,127019],{"class":70},[48,128509,67],{"class":66},[48,128511,670],{"class":62},[48,128513,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,128515,276],{"class":147},[48,128517,151],{"class":62},[48,128519,67],{"class":66},[48,128521,127019],{"class":70},[48,128523,67],{"class":66},[48,128525,21891],{"class":116},[48,128527,43385],{"class":137},[48,128529,162],{"class":62},[20,128531,168],{},[39,128533,128534],{"className":41,"code":128030,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,128535,128536,128540],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128537,128538],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128539,4822],{"class":1642},[48,128541,128542],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128543,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,128545,2015,128547,128549],{"id":128546},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128548,126964],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128551,128552,128554],{},[15,128553,126964],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[39,128556,128558],{"className":41,"code":128557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128559,128560,128572,128594],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128561,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128563,126989],{"class":54},[48,128565,59],{"class":58},[48,128567,79],{"class":66},[48,128569,126996],{"class":70},[48,128571,4138],{"class":66},[48,128573,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128575,276],{"class":147},[48,128577,151],{"class":62},[48,128579,127007],{"class":137},[48,128581,134],{"class":62},[48,128583,127012],{"class":137},[48,128585,151],{"class":62},[48,128587,67],{"class":66},[48,128589,127019],{"class":70},[48,128591,67],{"class":66},[48,128593,670],{"class":62},[48,128595,128596,128598,128600,128602],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,128597,276],{"class":147},[48,128599,151],{"class":62},[48,128601,127007],{"class":137},[48,128603,162],{"class":62},[20,128605,168],{},[39,128607,128609],{"className":41,"code":128608,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128610,128611,128615],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128612,128613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128614,4761],{"class":1642},[48,128616,128617,128620,128622],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128618,128619],{"class":54},"report",[48,128621,134],{"class":62},[48,128623,128624],{"class":25281},"csv\n",[20,128626,128627,128628,134],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[348,128629,128630],{"href":125074},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128632,66614],{},[209,128634,128635,128638,128641,128644],{},[212,128636,128637],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[212,128639,128640],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[212,128642,128643],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[212,128645,9185,128646,45174,128648,352,128650,112103],{},[15,128647,126964],{},[15,128649,125077],{},[15,128651,42196],{},[20,128653,30669],{},[39,128655,128657],{"className":41,"code":128656,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128658,128659,128669,128683,128705,128731],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128660,128661,128663,128665,128667],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128662,276],{"class":147},[48,128664,151],{"class":62},[48,128666,35245],{"class":137},[48,128668,162],{"class":62},[48,128670,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128672,276],{"class":147},[48,128674,151],{"class":62},[48,128676,42322],{"class":147},[48,128678,151],{"class":62},[48,128680,35245],{"class":137},[48,128682,670],{"class":62},[48,128684,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,128686,276],{"class":147},[48,128688,151],{"class":62},[48,128690,35245],{"class":137},[48,128692,134],{"class":62},[48,128694,127012],{"class":137},[48,128696,151],{"class":62},[48,128698,311],{"class":66},[48,128700,127019],{"class":70},[48,128702,311],{"class":66},[48,128704,670],{"class":62},[48,128706,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,128708,276],{"class":147},[48,128710,151],{"class":62},[48,128712,35245],{"class":137},[48,128714,134],{"class":62},[48,128716,9407],{"class":137},[48,128718,9404],{"class":62},[48,128720,127012],{"class":137},[48,128722,151],{"class":62},[48,128724,311],{"class":66},[48,128726,127019],{"class":70},[48,128728,311],{"class":66},[48,128730,670],{"class":62},[48,128732,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,128734,276],{"class":147},[48,128736,151],{"class":62},[48,128738,2094],{"class":281},[48,128740,151],{"class":62},[48,128742,35245],{"class":137},[48,128744,670],{"class":62},[34,128746,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,128748,2606,128750,128752],{"id":128749},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128751,126964],{}," change the string?",[20,128754,128755,128756,352,128758,134],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128757,4385],{},[15,128759,4456],{},[1752,128761,5947,128763,128765],{"id":128762},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128764,126964],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128767,128768,128769,134],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128770,128771],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1752,128773,15632,128775,125242],{"id":128774},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128776,126964],{},[20,128778,128779,128780,352,128782,128785],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128781,124636],{},[15,128783,128784],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1752,128787,5957,128789,5174,128791,2623],{"id":128788},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128790,126964],{},[15,128792,124901],{},[20,128794,128795,128797,128798,128800],{},[15,128796,126964],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128799,124901],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[34,128802,2679],{"id":2678},[209,128804,128805,128811,128817,128821,128825],{},[212,128806,128807],{},[348,128808,126906,128809,2689],{"href":128271},[15,128810,128274],{},[212,128812,128813],{},[348,128814,126906,128815,2689],{"href":124633},[15,128816,124636],{},[212,128818,128819],{},[348,128820,125305],{"href":124161},[212,128822,128823],{},[348,128824,125312],{"href":125074},[212,128826,128827],{},[348,128828,125661],{"href":51522},[2711,128830,128831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":128833},[128834,128835,128837,128838,128843,128844,128850,128851,128852,128860,128870],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":127072,"depth":106,"text":128836},"What endswith() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":127287,"depth":106,"text":127288,"children":128839},[128840,128841,128842],{"id":127201,"depth":113,"text":127201},{"id":36611,"depth":113,"text":36611},{"id":53208,"depth":113,"text":53208},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":127700,"depth":106,"text":127701,"children":128845},[128846,128847,128848,128849],{"id":127704,"depth":113,"text":127705},{"id":127758,"depth":113,"text":127759},{"id":127815,"depth":113,"text":127816},{"id":127869,"depth":113,"text":127870},{"id":124552,"depth":106,"text":124553},{"id":128103,"depth":106,"text":128104},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":128853},[128854,128855,128856,128858],{"id":128283,"depth":113,"text":128284},{"id":128361,"depth":113,"text":128362},{"id":128458,"depth":113,"text":128857},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128546,"depth":113,"text":128859},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":128861},[128862,128864,128866,128868],{"id":128749,"depth":113,"text":128863},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128762,"depth":113,"text":128865},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128774,"depth":113,"text":128867},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128788,"depth":113,"text":128869},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126956,"description":128871},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128878,"title":128879,"body":128880,"description":130548,"extension":2749,"meta":130549,"navigation":109,"path":130550,"seo":130551,"stem":130552,"__hash__":130553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128881,"toc":130521},[128882,128887,128892,128897,128902,128995,129005,129010,129015,129030,129032,129114,129122,129124,129126,129153,129155,129171,129178,129180,129288,129290,129295,129311,129313,129408,129416,129419,129425,129430,129435,129442,129581,129584,129597,129599,129603,129610,129680,129683,129732,129739,129746,129760,129765,129770,129816,129862,129878,129880,129885,129899,129902,130024,130029,130031,130036,130069,130072,130148,130150,130159,130173,130176,130260,130263,130374,130377,130405,130407,130414,130418,130424,130427,130433,130436,130443,130454,130460,130467,130469,130518],[10,128883,123906,128885,18],{"id":128884},"python-string-find-method",[15,128886,124901],{},[20,128888,123911,128889,128891],{},[15,128890,124901],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128893,128894,128895,134],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128896,66405],{},[20,128898,189,128899,128901],{},[15,128900,124901],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[39,128903,128905],{"className":41,"code":128904,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128906,128907,128919,128942,128955,128959,128982],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128908,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128910,35224],{"class":54},[48,128912,59],{"class":58},[48,128914,79],{"class":66},[48,128916,60956],{"class":70},[48,128918,4138],{"class":66},[48,128920,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,128922,65470],{"class":54},[48,128924,59],{"class":58},[48,128926,43385],{"class":54},[48,128928,134],{"class":62},[48,128930,128931],{"class":137},"find",[48,128933,151],{"class":62},[48,128935,67],{"class":66},[48,128937,61141],{"class":70},[48,128939,67],{"class":66},[48,128941,162],{"class":62},[48,128943,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,128945,276],{"class":147},[48,128947,151],{"class":62},[48,128949,65497],{"class":137},[48,128951,4442],{"class":62},[48,128953,128954],{"class":4445},"   # 6\n",[48,128956,128957],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,128958,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,128960,128961,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978,128980],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,128962,128963],{"class":54},"missing ",[48,128965,59],{"class":58},[48,128967,43385],{"class":54},[48,128969,134],{"class":62},[48,128971,128931],{"class":137},[48,128973,151],{"class":62},[48,128975,67],{"class":66},[48,128977,43],{"class":70},[48,128979,67],{"class":66},[48,128981,162],{"class":62},[48,128983,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,128985,276],{"class":147},[48,128987,151],{"class":62},[48,128989,27305],{"class":137},[48,128991,4442],{"class":62},[48,128993,128994],{"class":4445},"    # -1\n",[44124,128996,128997],{},[20,128998,189,128999,129001,129002,129004],{},[15,129000,124901],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,129003,66405],{}," if the substring is not found.",[34,129006,196,129008,199],{"id":129007},"what-find-does",[15,129009,124901],{},[20,129011,129012,129014],{},[15,129013,124901],{}," is a string method that:",[209,129016,129017,129020,129023,129028],{},[212,129018,129019],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[212,129021,129022],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[212,129024,12175,129025,129027],{},[15,129026,66405],{}," if no match is found",[212,129029,127092],{},[20,129031,226],{},[39,129033,129035],{"className":41,"code":129034,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,129036,129037,129049,129053,129077,129101],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129038,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129040,35224],{"class":54},[48,129042,59],{"class":58},[48,129044,79],{"class":66},[48,129046,1146],{"class":70},[48,129048,4138],{"class":66},[48,129050,129051],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129052,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129054,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129056,276],{"class":147},[48,129058,151],{"class":62},[48,129060,35245],{"class":137},[48,129062,134],{"class":62},[48,129064,128931],{"class":137},[48,129066,151],{"class":62},[48,129068,67],{"class":66},[48,129070,123999],{"class":70},[48,129072,67],{"class":66},[48,129074,6139],{"class":62},[48,129076,58194],{"class":4445},[48,129078,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,129080,276],{"class":147},[48,129082,151],{"class":62},[48,129084,35245],{"class":137},[48,129086,134],{"class":62},[48,129088,128931],{"class":137},[48,129090,151],{"class":62},[48,129092,67],{"class":66},[48,129094,611],{"class":70},[48,129096,67],{"class":66},[48,129098,6139],{"class":62},[48,129100,128994],{"class":4445},[48,129102,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,129104,276],{"class":147},[48,129106,151],{"class":62},[48,129108,35245],{"class":137},[48,129110,4442],{"class":62},[48,129112,129113],{"class":4445},"              # banana\n",[20,129115,21489,129116,129119,129120,134],{},[15,129117,129118],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,129121,2842],{},[34,129123,360],{"id":359},[20,129125,2944],{},[39,129127,129129],{"className":41,"code":129128,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,129130,129131],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129132,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129134,61724],{"class":54},[48,129136,134],{"class":62},[48,129138,128931],{"class":137},[48,129140,151],{"class":62},[48,129142,933],{"class":137},[48,129144,87],{"class":62},[48,129146,36590],{"class":137},[48,129148,87],{"class":62},[48,129150,65591],{"class":137},[48,129152,162],{"class":62},[1752,129154,18119],{"id":18118},[209,129156,129157,129161,129166],{},[212,129158,129159,124098],{},[15,129160,933],{},[212,129162,129163,129165],{},[15,129164,36611],{},": optional starting position",[212,129167,129168,129170],{},[15,129169,53208],{},": optional ending position",[20,129172,129173,5174,129175,129177],{},[15,129174,36611],{},[15,129176,53208],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,129179,127235],{},[39,129181,129183],{"className":41,"code":129182,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,129184,129185,129197,129201,129226,129255],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129186,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129188,35224],{"class":54},[48,129190,59],{"class":58},[48,129192,79],{"class":66},[48,129194,60956],{"class":70},[48,129196,4138],{"class":66},[48,129198,129199],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129200,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129202,129203,129205,129207,129209,129211,129213,129215,129217,129219,129221,129223],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129204,276],{"class":147},[48,129206,151],{"class":62},[48,129208,35245],{"class":137},[48,129210,134],{"class":62},[48,129212,128931],{"class":137},[48,129214,151],{"class":62},[48,129216,67],{"class":66},[48,129218,61023],{"class":70},[48,129220,67],{"class":66},[48,129222,6139],{"class":62},[48,129224,129225],{"class":4445},"        # 4\n",[48,129227,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129252],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,129229,276],{"class":147},[48,129231,151],{"class":62},[48,129233,35245],{"class":137},[48,129235,134],{"class":62},[48,129237,128931],{"class":137},[48,129239,151],{"class":62},[48,129241,67],{"class":66},[48,129243,61023],{"class":70},[48,129245,67],{"class":66},[48,129247,87],{"class":62},[48,129249,5387],{"class":99},[48,129251,6139],{"class":62},[48,129253,129254],{"class":4445},"     # 7\n",[48,129256,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275,129277,129279,129281,129283,129285],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,129258,276],{"class":147},[48,129260,151],{"class":62},[48,129262,35245],{"class":137},[48,129264,134],{"class":62},[48,129266,128931],{"class":137},[48,129268,151],{"class":62},[48,129270,67],{"class":66},[48,129272,61023],{"class":70},[48,129274,67],{"class":66},[48,129276,87],{"class":62},[48,129278,5387],{"class":99},[48,129280,87],{"class":62},[48,129282,6769],{"class":99},[48,129284,6139],{"class":62},[48,129286,129287],{"class":4445},"  # -1\n",[34,129289,38561],{"id":38560},[20,129291,58093,129292,129294],{},[15,129293,124901],{}," is always an integer.",[209,129296,129297,129303,129306],{},[212,129298,129299,129300,129302],{},"A number ",[15,129301,2904],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[212,129304,129305],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[212,129307,129308,129310],{},[15,129309,66405],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129312,226],{},[39,129314,129316],{"className":41,"code":129315,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129317,129318,129330,129334,129359,129384],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129319,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129321,35224],{"class":54},[48,129323,59],{"class":58},[48,129325,79],{"class":66},[48,129327,43],{"class":70},[48,129329,4138],{"class":66},[48,129331,129332],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129333,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129335,129336,129338,129340,129342,129344,129346,129348,129350,129353,129355,129357],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129337,276],{"class":147},[48,129339,151],{"class":62},[48,129341,35245],{"class":137},[48,129343,134],{"class":62},[48,129345,128931],{"class":137},[48,129347,151],{"class":62},[48,129349,67],{"class":66},[48,129351,129352],{"class":70},"py",[48,129354,67],{"class":66},[48,129356,6139],{"class":62},[48,129358,21486],{"class":4445},[48,129360,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129378,129380,129382],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,129362,276],{"class":147},[48,129364,151],{"class":62},[48,129366,35245],{"class":137},[48,129368,134],{"class":62},[48,129370,128931],{"class":137},[48,129372,151],{"class":62},[48,129374,67],{"class":66},[48,129376,129377],{"class":70},"th",[48,129379,67],{"class":66},[48,129381,6139],{"class":62},[48,129383,58194],{"class":4445},[48,129385,129386,129388,129390,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,129387,276],{"class":147},[48,129389,151],{"class":62},[48,129391,35245],{"class":137},[48,129393,134],{"class":62},[48,129395,128931],{"class":137},[48,129397,151],{"class":62},[48,129399,67],{"class":66},[48,129401,687],{"class":70},[48,129403,67],{"class":66},[48,129405,6139],{"class":62},[48,129407,128994],{"class":4445},[20,129409,90461,129410,9222,129412,352,129414,134],{},[15,129411,124901],{},[15,129413,4385],{},[15,129415,4456],{},[20,129417,129418],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[34,129420,9185,129421,5174,129423],{"id":65957},[15,129422,36611],{},[15,129424,53208],{},[20,129426,189,129427,129429],{},[15,129428,36611],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129431,189,129432,129434],{},[15,129433,53208],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129436,22,129437,76013,129439,129441],{},[15,129438,53208],{},[166,129440,65620],{}," in the search.",[39,129443,129445],{"className":41,"code":129444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129446,129447,129460,129464,129488,129517,129549],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129448,129449,129451,129453,129455,129458],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129450,35224],{"class":54},[48,129452,59],{"class":58},[48,129454,79],{"class":66},[48,129456,129457],{"class":70},"one two three two",[48,129459,4138],{"class":66},[48,129461,129462],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129463,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129465,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129467,276],{"class":147},[48,129469,151],{"class":62},[48,129471,35245],{"class":137},[48,129473,134],{"class":62},[48,129475,128931],{"class":137},[48,129477,151],{"class":62},[48,129479,67],{"class":66},[48,129481,79822],{"class":70},[48,129483,67],{"class":66},[48,129485,6139],{"class":62},[48,129487,129225],{"class":4445},[48,129489,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,129491,276],{"class":147},[48,129493,151],{"class":62},[48,129495,35245],{"class":137},[48,129497,134],{"class":62},[48,129499,128931],{"class":137},[48,129501,151],{"class":62},[48,129503,67],{"class":66},[48,129505,79822],{"class":70},[48,129507,67],{"class":66},[48,129509,87],{"class":62},[48,129511,5387],{"class":99},[48,129513,6139],{"class":62},[48,129515,129516],{"class":4445},"     # 14\n",[48,129518,129519,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543,129545,129547],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,129520,276],{"class":147},[48,129522,151],{"class":62},[48,129524,35245],{"class":137},[48,129526,134],{"class":62},[48,129528,128931],{"class":137},[48,129530,151],{"class":62},[48,129532,67],{"class":66},[48,129534,79822],{"class":70},[48,129536,67],{"class":66},[48,129538,87],{"class":62},[48,129540,4616],{"class":99},[48,129542,87],{"class":62},[48,129544,6769],{"class":99},[48,129546,6139],{"class":62},[48,129548,51482],{"class":4445},[48,129550,129551,129553,129555,129557,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,129552,276],{"class":147},[48,129554,151],{"class":62},[48,129556,35245],{"class":137},[48,129558,134],{"class":62},[48,129560,128931],{"class":137},[48,129562,151],{"class":62},[48,129564,67],{"class":66},[48,129566,79822],{"class":70},[48,129568,67],{"class":66},[48,129570,87],{"class":62},[48,129572,4616],{"class":99},[48,129574,87],{"class":62},[48,129576,3241],{"class":99},[48,129578,6139],{"class":62},[48,129580,129287],{"class":4445},[20,129582,129583],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129585,129586,129587,55617,129591,134],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[348,129588,129590],{"href":129589},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[348,129592,129594,129596],{"href":129593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129595,61081],{}," string method",[34,129598,124553],{"id":124552},[20,129600,129601,124364],{},[15,129602,124901],{},[20,129604,127951,129605,5174,129607,129609],{},[15,129606,90969],{},[15,129608,65085],{}," are treated as different text.",[39,129611,129613],{"className":41,"code":129612,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129614,129615,129628,129632,129656],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129616,129617,129619,129621,129623,129626],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129618,35224],{"class":54},[48,129620,59],{"class":58},[48,129622,79],{"class":66},[48,129624,129625],{"class":70},"Hello World",[48,129627,4138],{"class":66},[48,129629,129630],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129631,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129633,129634,129636,129638,129640,129642,129644,129646,129648,129650,129652,129654],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129635,276],{"class":147},[48,129637,151],{"class":62},[48,129639,35245],{"class":137},[48,129641,134],{"class":62},[48,129643,128931],{"class":137},[48,129645,151],{"class":62},[48,129647,67],{"class":66},[48,129649,35404],{"class":70},[48,129651,67],{"class":66},[48,129653,6139],{"class":62},[48,129655,51794],{"class":4445},[48,129657,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676,129678],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,129659,276],{"class":147},[48,129661,151],{"class":62},[48,129663,35245],{"class":137},[48,129665,134],{"class":62},[48,129667,128931],{"class":137},[48,129669,151],{"class":62},[48,129671,67],{"class":66},[48,129673,4628],{"class":70},[48,129675,67],{"class":66},[48,129677,6139],{"class":62},[48,129679,129287],{"class":4445},[20,129681,129682],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[39,129684,129686],{"className":41,"code":129685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129687,129688,129700,129704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129689,129690,129692,129694,129696,129698],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129691,35224],{"class":54},[48,129693,59],{"class":58},[48,129695,79],{"class":66},[48,129697,129625],{"class":70},[48,129699,4138],{"class":66},[48,129701,129702],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129703,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129705,129706,129708,129710,129712,129714,129716,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129707,276],{"class":147},[48,129709,151],{"class":62},[48,129711,35245],{"class":137},[48,129713,134],{"class":62},[48,129715,9407],{"class":137},[48,129717,9404],{"class":62},[48,129719,128931],{"class":137},[48,129721,151],{"class":62},[48,129723,67],{"class":66},[48,129725,4628],{"class":70},[48,129727,67],{"class":66},[48,129729,6139],{"class":62},[48,129731,51794],{"class":4445},[34,129733,129735,1306,129737],{"id":129734},"find-vs-index",[15,129736,124901],{},[15,129738,59517],{},[20,129740,129741,5174,129743,129745],{},[15,129742,124901],{},[15,129744,59517],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[209,129747,129748,129754],{},[212,129749,129750,3181,129752],{},[15,129751,124901],{},[15,129753,66405],{},[212,129755,129756,53042,129758],{},[15,129757,59517],{},[15,129759,41246],{},[20,129761,189,129762,129764],{},[15,129763,124901],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129766,189,129767,129769],{},[15,129768,59517],{}," when the value must exist.",[39,129771,129773],{"className":41,"code":129772,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129774,129775,129787,129791],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129776,129777,129779,129781,129783,129785],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129778,35224],{"class":54},[48,129780,59],{"class":58},[48,129782,79],{"class":66},[48,129784,4628],{"class":70},[48,129786,4138],{"class":66},[48,129788,129789],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129790,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129792,129793,129795,129797,129799,129801,129803,129805,129807,129809,129811,129813],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129794,276],{"class":147},[48,129796,151],{"class":62},[48,129798,35245],{"class":137},[48,129800,134],{"class":62},[48,129802,128931],{"class":137},[48,129804,151],{"class":62},[48,129806,67],{"class":66},[48,129808,611],{"class":70},[48,129810,67],{"class":66},[48,129812,6139],{"class":62},[48,129814,129815],{"class":4445},"   # -1\n",[39,129817,129819],{"className":41,"code":129818,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129820,129821,129833,129837],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129822,129823,129825,129827,129829,129831],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129824,35224],{"class":54},[48,129826,59],{"class":58},[48,129828,79],{"class":66},[48,129830,4628],{"class":70},[48,129832,4138],{"class":66},[48,129834,129835],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129836,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129838,129839,129841,129843,129845,129847,129849,129851,129853,129855,129857,129859],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129840,276],{"class":147},[48,129842,151],{"class":62},[48,129844,35245],{"class":137},[48,129846,134],{"class":62},[48,129848,36384],{"class":137},[48,129850,151],{"class":62},[48,129852,67],{"class":66},[48,129854,611],{"class":70},[48,129856,67],{"class":66},[48,129858,6139],{"class":62},[48,129860,129861],{"class":4445},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129863,129864,129865,129869,129870,129872,129873,134],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[348,129866,129867,129596],{"href":124926},[15,129868,59517],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129871,59517],{},", read ",[348,129874,26211,129875],{"href":74033},[15,129876,129877],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[34,129879,41588],{"id":41587},[20,129881,35943,129882,129884],{},[15,129883,124901],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[209,129886,129887,129890,129893,129896],{},[212,129888,129889],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[212,129891,129892],{},"Get the position of a word",[212,129894,129895],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[212,129897,129898],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129900,129901],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[39,129903,129905],{"className":41,"code":129904,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129906,129907,129920,129943,129947,129962,129978,129997,130011],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129908,129909,129911,129913,129915,129918],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129910,35224],{"class":54},[48,129912,59],{"class":58},[48,129914,79],{"class":66},[48,129916,129917],{"class":70},"name:Alice",[48,129919,4138],{"class":66},[48,129921,129922,129925,129927,129929,129931,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,129923,129924],{"class":54},"colon_pos ",[48,129926,59],{"class":58},[48,129928,43385],{"class":54},[48,129930,134],{"class":62},[48,129932,128931],{"class":137},[48,129934,151],{"class":62},[48,129936,67],{"class":66},[48,129938,76],{"class":70},[48,129940,67],{"class":66},[48,129942,162],{"class":62},[48,129944,129945],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,129946,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,129948,129949,129951,129954,129956,129958,129960],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,129950,7767],{"class":116},[48,129952,129953],{"class":54}," colon_pos ",[48,129955,73143],{"class":58},[48,129957,3006],{"class":58},[48,129959,3770],{"class":99},[48,129961,1053],{"class":62},[48,129963,129964,129967,129969,129971,129973,129976],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,129965,129966],{"class":54},"    label ",[48,129968,59],{"class":58},[48,129970,43385],{"class":54},[48,129972,76086],{"class":62},[48,129974,129975],{"class":54},"colon_pos",[48,129977,1465],{"class":62},[48,129979,129980,129982,129984,129986,129988,129990,129992,129994],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,129981,27933],{"class":54},[48,129983,59],{"class":58},[48,129985,43385],{"class":54},[48,129987,682],{"class":62},[48,129989,129924],{"class":54},[48,129991,2845],{"class":58},[48,129993,618],{"class":99},[48,129995,129996],{"class":62},":]\n",[48,129998,129999,130001,130003,130006,130008],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,130000,148],{"class":147},[48,130002,151],{"class":62},[48,130004,130005],{"class":137},"label",[48,130007,4442],{"class":62},[48,130009,130010],{"class":4445},"  # name\n",[48,130012,130013,130015,130017,130019,130021],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,130014,148],{"class":147},[48,130016,151],{"class":62},[48,130018,933],{"class":137},[48,130020,4442],{"class":62},[48,130022,130023],{"class":4445},"  # Alice\n",[20,130025,130026,130027,134],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[348,130028,127942],{"href":124161},[34,130030,1745],{"id":1744},[20,130032,130033,130034,76],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,130035,124901],{},[209,130037,130038,130047,130053,130058,130064],{},[212,130039,2015,130040,9222,130042,352,130044,130046],{},[15,130041,124901],{},[15,130043,4385],{},[15,130045,4456],{}," instead of an index",[212,130048,130049,130050,130052],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,130051,66405],{}," when the substring is missing",[212,130054,9185,130055,130057],{},[15,130056,124901],{}," without handling case differences",[212,130059,37744,130060,9471,130062],{},[15,130061,124901],{},[15,130063,59517],{},[212,130065,5361,130066,130068],{},[15,130067,124901],{}," changes the string",[20,130070,130071],{},"Example of a mistake:",[39,130073,130075],{"className":41,"code":130074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130076,130077,130089,130093,130113,130128,130134],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130078,130079,130081,130083,130085,130087],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130080,35224],{"class":54},[48,130082,59],{"class":58},[48,130084,79],{"class":66},[48,130086,4628],{"class":70},[48,130088,4138],{"class":66},[48,130090,130091],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,130092,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,130094,130095,130097,130099,130101,130103,130105,130107,130109,130111],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,130096,7767],{"class":116},[48,130098,43385],{"class":54},[48,130100,134],{"class":62},[48,130102,128931],{"class":137},[48,130104,151],{"class":62},[48,130106,67],{"class":66},[48,130108,60988],{"class":70},[48,130110,67],{"class":66},[48,130112,9109],{"class":62},[48,130114,130115,130117,130119,130121,130124,130126],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,130116,148],{"class":147},[48,130118,151],{"class":62},[48,130120,67],{"class":66},[48,130122,130123],{"class":70},"Found",[48,130125,67],{"class":66},[48,130127,162],{"class":62},[48,130129,130130,130132],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,130131,27966],{"class":116},[48,130133,1053],{"class":62},[48,130135,130136,130138,130140,130142,130144,130146],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,130137,148],{"class":147},[48,130139,151],{"class":62},[48,130141,67],{"class":66},[48,130143,26847],{"class":70},[48,130145,67],{"class":66},[48,130147,162],{"class":62},[20,130149,100467],{},[39,130151,130153],{"className":41,"code":130152,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Not found\n",[15,130154,130155],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130156,130157],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130158,130152],{"class":54},[20,130160,46248,130161,130164,130165,17798,130167,130169,130170,130172],{},[15,130162,130163],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,130166,2904],{},[15,130168,2904],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,130171,7767],{}," statement.",[20,130174,130175],{},"A safer version is:",[39,130177,130179],{"className":41,"code":130178,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130180,130181,130193,130197,130226,130240,130246],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130182,130183,130185,130187,130189,130191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130184,35224],{"class":54},[48,130186,59],{"class":58},[48,130188,79],{"class":66},[48,130190,4628],{"class":70},[48,130192,4138],{"class":66},[48,130194,130195],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,130196,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,130198,130199,130201,130203,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217,130220,130222,130224],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,130200,7767],{"class":116},[48,130202,43385],{"class":54},[48,130204,134],{"class":62},[48,130206,128931],{"class":137},[48,130208,151],{"class":62},[48,130210,67],{"class":66},[48,130212,60988],{"class":70},[48,130214,67],{"class":66},[48,130216,4442],{"class":62},[48,130218,130219],{"class":58}," !=",[48,130221,3006],{"class":58},[48,130223,3770],{"class":99},[48,130225,1053],{"class":62},[48,130227,130228,130230,130232,130234,130236,130238],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,130229,148],{"class":147},[48,130231,151],{"class":62},[48,130233,67],{"class":66},[48,130235,130123],{"class":70},[48,130237,67],{"class":66},[48,130239,162],{"class":62},[48,130241,130242,130244],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,130243,27966],{"class":116},[48,130245,1053],{"class":62},[48,130247,130248,130250,130252,130254,130256,130258],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,130249,148],{"class":147},[48,130251,151],{"class":62},[48,130253,67],{"class":66},[48,130255,26847],{"class":70},[48,130257,67],{"class":66},[48,130259,162],{"class":62},[20,130261,130262],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[39,130264,130266],{"className":41,"code":130265,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,130267,130268,130290,130304,130330,130344],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130269,130270,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280,130282,130284,130286,130288],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130271,276],{"class":147},[48,130273,151],{"class":62},[48,130275,35245],{"class":137},[48,130277,134],{"class":62},[48,130279,128931],{"class":137},[48,130281,151],{"class":62},[48,130283,311],{"class":66},[48,130285,38932],{"class":70},[48,130287,311],{"class":66},[48,130289,670],{"class":62},[48,130291,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,130293,276],{"class":147},[48,130295,151],{"class":62},[48,130297,42322],{"class":147},[48,130299,151],{"class":62},[48,130301,35245],{"class":137},[48,130303,670],{"class":62},[48,130305,130306,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130320,130322,130324,130326,130328],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,130307,276],{"class":147},[48,130309,151],{"class":62},[48,130311,35245],{"class":137},[48,130313,134],{"class":62},[48,130315,9407],{"class":137},[48,130317,9404],{"class":62},[48,130319,128931],{"class":137},[48,130321,151],{"class":62},[48,130323,311],{"class":66},[48,130325,38932],{"class":70},[48,130327,311],{"class":66},[48,130329,670],{"class":62},[48,130331,130332,130334,130336,130338,130340,130342],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,130333,276],{"class":147},[48,130335,151],{"class":62},[48,130337,11914],{"class":147},[48,130339,151],{"class":62},[48,130341,35245],{"class":137},[48,130343,670],{"class":62},[48,130345,130346,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362,130364,130366,130368,130370,130372],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,130347,276],{"class":147},[48,130349,151],{"class":62},[48,130351,35245],{"class":137},[48,130353,134],{"class":62},[48,130355,128931],{"class":137},[48,130357,151],{"class":62},[48,130359,311],{"class":66},[48,130361,38932],{"class":70},[48,130363,311],{"class":66},[48,130365,87],{"class":62},[48,130367,36590],{"class":137},[48,130369,87],{"class":62},[48,130371,65591],{"class":137},[48,130373,670],{"class":62},[20,130375,130376],{},"These help you check:",[209,130378,130379,130384,130389,130394,130397],{},[212,130380,130381,130382],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130383,124901],{},[212,130385,130386,130387],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130388,123120],{},[212,130390,130391,130392],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130393,124636],{},[212,130395,130396],{},"The string length",[212,130398,130399,130400,5174,130402,130404],{},"Whether your ",[15,130401,36611],{},[15,130403,53208],{}," values are correct",[34,130406,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,130408,130410,130411,130413],{"id":130409},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130412,124901],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130415,5925,130416,134],{},[15,130417,66405],{},[1752,130419,2606,130421,130423],{"id":130420},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130422,124901],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130425,130426],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1752,130428,130430,130431,125242],{"id":130429},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130432,124901],{},[20,130434,130435],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1752,130437,5957,130439,5174,130441,70206],{"id":130438},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130440,124901],{},[15,130442,59517],{},[20,130444,130445,3181,130447,130449,130450,53042,130452,134],{},[15,130446,124901],{},[15,130448,66405],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130451,59517],{},[15,130453,41246],{},[1752,130455,28861,130457,130459],{"id":130456},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130458,124901],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130461,130462,130463,5174,130465,66704],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130464,36611],{},[15,130466,53208],{},[34,130468,2679],{"id":2678},[209,130470,130471,130477,130483,130490,130496,130503,130507,130512],{},[212,130472,130473],{},[348,130474,126906,130475,2689],{"href":124926},[15,130476,59517],{},[212,130478,130479],{},[348,130480,126906,130481,2689],{"href":129593},[15,130482,61081],{},[212,130484,130485],{},[348,130486,126906,130488,2689],{"href":130487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130489,125077],{},[212,130491,130492],{},[348,130493,126906,130494,2689],{"href":128271},[15,130495,128274],{},[212,130497,130498],{},[348,130499,126906,130501,2689],{"href":130500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130502,126964],{},[212,130504,130505],{},[348,130506,125305],{"href":124161},[212,130508,130509],{},[348,130510,130511],{"href":129589},"How to split a string in Python",[212,130513,130514],{},[348,130515,26654,130516],{"href":74033},[15,130517,129877],{},[2711,130519,130520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":130522},[130523,130525,130528,130529,130530,130531,130533,130534,130535,130547],{"id":129007,"depth":106,"text":130524},"What find() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":130526},[130527],{"id":18118,"depth":113,"text":18119},{"id":38560,"depth":106,"text":38561},{"id":65957,"depth":106,"text":66740},{"id":124552,"depth":106,"text":124553},{"id":129734,"depth":106,"text":130532},"find() vs index()",{"id":41587,"depth":106,"text":41588},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":130536},[130537,130539,130541,130543,130545],{"id":130409,"depth":113,"text":130538},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130420,"depth":113,"text":130540},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130429,"depth":113,"text":130542},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130438,"depth":113,"text":130544},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130456,"depth":113,"text":130546},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128879,"description":130548},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130555,"title":130556,"body":130557,"description":132483,"extension":2749,"meta":132484,"navigation":109,"path":132485,"seo":132486,"stem":132487,"__hash__":132488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130558,"toc":132451},[130559,130564,130569,130572,130574,130650,130654,130682,130690,130694,130699,130703,130720,130722,130789,130793,130815,130823,130825,130828,130852,130855,130869,130871,130956,130960,130972,130975,130979,130985,131035,131039,131056,131065,131068,131076,131079,131128,131132,131157,131160,131215,131219,131231,131237,131241,131247,131252,131319,131323,131349,131352,131363,131365,131432,131436,131461,131468,131472,131477,131484,131492,131494,131546,131550,131568,131570,131615,131619,131634,131637,131647,131654,131656,131660,131663,131674,131676,131736,131740,131768,131771,131777,131782,131785,131789,131833,131836,131874,131877,131885,131887,131892,131896,131899,131947,131950,131953,132009,132013,132018,132021,132070,132072,132121,132127,132132,132134,132181,132185,132198,132200,132251,132257,132260,132264,132267,132273,132278,132280,132283,132355,132358,132375,132377,132382,132385,132389,132395,132401,132408,132414,132420,132422,132448],[10,130560,123906,130562,18],{"id":130561},"python-string-format-method",[15,130563,126909],{},[20,130565,123911,130566,130568],{},[15,130567,126909],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130570,130571],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[34,130573,37],{"id":36},[39,130575,130577],{"className":41,"code":130576,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130578,130579,130591,130599,130603,130640],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130580,130581,130583,130585,130587,130589],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130582,8645],{"class":54},[48,130584,59],{"class":58},[48,130586,79],{"class":66},[48,130588,12257],{"class":70},[48,130590,4138],{"class":66},[48,130592,130593,130595,130597],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,130594,183],{"class":54},[48,130596,59],{"class":58},[48,130598,89350],{"class":99},[48,130600,130601],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,130602,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,130604,130605,130607,130609,130611,130614,130616,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130630,130632,130634,130636,130638],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,130606,90558],{"class":54},[48,130608,59],{"class":58},[48,130610,79],{"class":66},[48,130612,130613],{"class":70},"My name is ",[48,130615,4574],{"class":99},[48,130617,130618],{"class":70}," and I am ",[48,130620,4574],{"class":99},[48,130622,122902],{"class":70},[48,130624,67],{"class":66},[48,130626,134],{"class":62},[48,130628,130629],{"class":137},"format",[48,130631,151],{"class":62},[48,130633,71],{"class":137},[48,130635,87],{"class":62},[48,130637,9954],{"class":137},[48,130639,162],{"class":62},[48,130641,130642,130644,130646,130648],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,130643,276],{"class":147},[48,130645,151],{"class":62},[48,130647,90575],{"class":137},[48,130649,162],{"class":62},[20,130651,130652],{},[166,130653,168],{},[39,130655,130657],{"className":41,"code":130656,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130658,130659],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130660,130661,130664,130666,130669,130672,130675,130678,130680],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130662,130663],{"class":54},"My name ",[48,130665,12939],{"class":58},[48,130667,130668],{"class":54}," Maya ",[48,130670,130671],{"class":58},"and",[48,130673,130674],{"class":54}," I am ",[48,130676,130677],{"class":99},"12",[48,130679,122935],{"class":54},[48,130681,122938],{"class":62},[20,130683,189,130684,130686,130687,130689],{},[15,130685,4574],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130688,126909],{}," in the same order.",[20,130691,125658,130692,134],{},[348,130693,125661],{"href":51522},[34,130695,13737,130697,13740],{"id":130696},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130698,126909],{},[20,130700,22,130701,12164],{},[15,130702,126909],{},[209,130704,130705,130708,130714,130717],{},[212,130706,130707],{},"inserts values into a string",[212,130709,130710,130711,130713],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130712,4574],{}," with given values",[212,130715,130716],{},"returns a new string",[212,130718,130719],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130721,226],{},[39,130723,130725],{"className":41,"code":130724,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130726,130727,130741,130764,130768,130779],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130728,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130730,35224],{"class":54},[48,130732,59],{"class":58},[48,130734,79],{"class":66},[48,130736,45446],{"class":70},[48,130738,4574],{"class":99},[48,130740,4138],{"class":66},[48,130742,130743,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130758,130760,130762],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,130744,130745],{"class":54},"new_text ",[48,130747,59],{"class":58},[48,130749,43385],{"class":54},[48,130751,134],{"class":62},[48,130753,130629],{"class":137},[48,130755,151],{"class":62},[48,130757,67],{"class":66},[48,130759,8446],{"class":70},[48,130761,67],{"class":66},[48,130763,162],{"class":62},[48,130765,130766],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,130767,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,130769,130770,130772,130774,130777],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,130771,276],{"class":147},[48,130773,151],{"class":62},[48,130775,130776],{"class":137},"new_text",[48,130778,162],{"class":62},[48,130780,130781,130783,130785,130787],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,130782,276],{"class":147},[48,130784,151],{"class":62},[48,130786,35245],{"class":137},[48,130788,162],{"class":62},[20,130790,130791],{},[166,130792,168],{},[39,130794,130796],{"className":41,"code":130795,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130797,130798,130807],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130799,130800,130802,130804],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130801,35404],{"class":54},[48,130803,87],{"class":62},[48,130805,130806],{"class":54}," Sam\n",[48,130808,130809,130811,130813],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,130810,35404],{"class":54},[48,130812,87],{"class":62},[48,130814,10593],{"class":62},[20,130816,3069,130817,130819,130820,130822],{},[15,130818,35245],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130821,126909],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[34,130824,360],{"id":359},[20,130826,130827],{},"The general form is:",[39,130829,130831],{"className":41,"code":130830,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130832,130833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130834,130835,130837,130840,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130836,67],{"class":43872},[48,130838,130839],{"class":43876},"text {}",[48,130841,67],{"class":43872},[48,130843,134],{"class":62},[48,130845,130629],{"class":137},[48,130847,151],{"class":62},[48,130849,933],{"class":137},[48,130851,162],{"class":62},[20,130853,130854],{},"Key idea:",[209,130856,130857,130863,130866],{},[212,130858,130859,130860,130862],{},"each ",[15,130861,4574],{}," is a placeholder",[212,130864,130865],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[212,130867,130868],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130870,226],{},[39,130872,130874],{"className":41,"code":130873,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130875,130876,130889,130903,130907,130945],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130877,130878,130881,130883,130885,130887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130879,130880],{"class":54},"animal ",[48,130882,59],{"class":58},[48,130884,79],{"class":66},[48,130886,37587],{"class":70},[48,130888,4138],{"class":66},[48,130890,130891,130894,130896,130898,130901],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,130892,130893],{"class":54},"sound ",[48,130895,59],{"class":58},[48,130897,79],{"class":66},[48,130899,130900],{"class":70},"meow",[48,130902,4138],{"class":66},[48,130904,130905],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,130906,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,130908,130909,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933,130935,130938,130940,130943],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,130910,130911],{"class":54},"sentence ",[48,130913,59],{"class":58},[48,130915,79],{"class":66},[48,130917,22],{"class":70},[48,130919,4574],{"class":99},[48,130921,130922],{"class":70}," says ",[48,130924,4574],{"class":99},[48,130926,134],{"class":70},[48,130928,67],{"class":66},[48,130930,134],{"class":62},[48,130932,130629],{"class":137},[48,130934,151],{"class":62},[48,130936,130937],{"class":137},"animal",[48,130939,87],{"class":62},[48,130941,130942],{"class":137}," sound",[48,130944,162],{"class":62},[48,130946,130947,130949,130951,130954],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,130948,276],{"class":147},[48,130950,151],{"class":62},[48,130952,130953],{"class":137},"sentence",[48,130955,162],{"class":62},[20,130957,130958],{},[166,130959,168],{},[39,130961,130963],{"className":41,"code":130962,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130964,130965],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130966,130967,130970],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130968,130969],{"class":54},"The cat says meow",[48,130971,122938],{"class":62},[20,130973,130974],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[34,130976,130978],{"id":130977},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130980,130981,130982,130984],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130983,4574],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[39,130986,130988],{"className":41,"code":130987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130989,130990],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130991,130992,130994,130996,130998,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131022,131024,131026,131028,131031,131033],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130993,276],{"class":147},[48,130995,151],{"class":62},[48,130997,67],{"class":66},[48,130999,131000],{"class":70},"I like ",[48,131002,4574],{"class":99},[48,131004,5174],{"class":70},[48,131006,4574],{"class":99},[48,131008,134],{"class":70},[48,131010,67],{"class":66},[48,131012,134],{"class":62},[48,131014,130629],{"class":137},[48,131016,151],{"class":62},[48,131018,67],{"class":66},[48,131020,131021],{"class":70},"pizza",[48,131023,67],{"class":66},[48,131025,87],{"class":62},[48,131027,79],{"class":66},[48,131029,131030],{"class":70},"pasta",[48,131032,67],{"class":66},[48,131034,670],{"class":62},[20,131036,131037],{},[166,131038,168],{},[39,131040,131042],{"className":41,"code":131041,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,131043,131044],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131045,131046,131049,131051,131054],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131047,131048],{"class":54},"I like pizza ",[48,131050,130671],{"class":58},[48,131052,131053],{"class":54}," pasta",[48,131055,122938],{"class":62},[20,131057,131058,131059,5174,131062,134],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,131060,131061],{},"{0}",[15,131063,131064],{},"{1}",[20,131066,131067],{},"This is helpful when:",[209,131069,131070,131073],{},[212,131071,131072],{},"you want to reuse a value",[212,131074,131075],{},"you want to change the order",[20,131077,131078],{},"Example with reused values:",[39,131080,131082],{"className":41,"code":131081,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131083,131084,131118],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131085,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094,131097,131099,131102,131104,131106,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131087,35224],{"class":54},[48,131089,59],{"class":58},[48,131091,79],{"class":66},[48,131093,131061],{"class":99},[48,131095,131096],{"class":70}," is learning Python. ",[48,131098,131061],{"class":99},[48,131100,131101],{"class":70}," likes coding.",[48,131103,67],{"class":66},[48,131105,134],{"class":62},[48,131107,130629],{"class":137},[48,131109,151],{"class":62},[48,131111,67],{"class":66},[48,131113,20603],{"class":70},[48,131115,67],{"class":66},[48,131117,162],{"class":62},[48,131119,131120,131122,131124,131126],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131121,276],{"class":147},[48,131123,151],{"class":62},[48,131125,35245],{"class":137},[48,131127,162],{"class":62},[20,131129,131130],{},[166,131131,168],{},[39,131133,131135],{"className":41,"code":131134,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,131136,131137],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131138,131139,131142,131144,131147,131149,131152,131155],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131140,131141],{"class":54},"Lina ",[48,131143,12939],{"class":58},[48,131145,131146],{"class":54}," learning Python",[48,131148,134],{"class":62},[48,131150,131151],{"class":25281}," Lina",[48,131153,131154],{"class":54}," likes coding",[48,131156,122938],{"class":62},[20,131158,131159],{},"Example with changed order:",[39,131161,131163],{"className":41,"code":131162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131164,131165,131205],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131166,131167,131169,131171,131173,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131168,35224],{"class":54},[48,131170,59],{"class":58},[48,131172,79],{"class":66},[48,131174,131064],{"class":99},[48,131176,83877],{"class":70},[48,131178,131061],{"class":99},[48,131180,134],{"class":70},[48,131182,67],{"class":66},[48,131184,134],{"class":62},[48,131186,130629],{"class":137},[48,131188,151],{"class":62},[48,131190,67],{"class":66},[48,131192,7355],{"class":70},[48,131194,67],{"class":66},[48,131196,87],{"class":62},[48,131198,79],{"class":66},[48,131200,79822],{"class":70},[48,131202,67],{"class":66},[48,131204,162],{"class":62},[48,131206,131207,131209,131211,131213],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131208,276],{"class":147},[48,131210,151],{"class":62},[48,131212,35245],{"class":137},[48,131214,162],{"class":62},[20,131216,131217],{},[166,131218,168],{},[39,131220,131222],{"className":41,"code":131221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"two comes after one.\n",[15,131223,131224],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131225,131226,131229],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131227,131228],{"class":54},"two comes after one",[48,131230,122938],{"class":62},[20,131232,131233,131234,131236],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,131235,4574],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[34,131238,131240],{"id":131239},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,131242,131243,131244,134],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,131245,131246],{},"{name}",[20,131248,131249,131250,76],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,131251,126909],{},[39,131253,131255],{"className":41,"code":131254,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131256,131257,131309],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131258,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131272,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131260,35224],{"class":54},[48,131262,59],{"class":58},[48,131264,79],{"class":66},[48,131266,130613],{"class":70},[48,131268,131246],{"class":99},[48,131270,131271],{"class":70}," and I live in ",[48,131273,131274],{"class":99},"{city}",[48,131276,134],{"class":70},[48,131278,67],{"class":66},[48,131280,134],{"class":62},[48,131282,130629],{"class":137},[48,131284,151],{"class":62},[48,131286,71],{"class":9941},[48,131288,59],{"class":58},[48,131290,67],{"class":66},[48,131292,82],{"class":70},[48,131294,67],{"class":66},[48,131296,87],{"class":62},[48,131298,31919],{"class":9941},[48,131300,59],{"class":58},[48,131302,67],{"class":66},[48,131304,16760],{"class":70},[48,131306,67],{"class":66},[48,131308,162],{"class":62},[48,131310,131311,131313,131315,131317],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131312,276],{"class":147},[48,131314,151],{"class":62},[48,131316,35245],{"class":137},[48,131318,162],{"class":62},[20,131320,131321],{},[166,131322,168],{},[39,131324,131326],{"className":41,"code":131325,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131327,131328],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131329,131330,131332,131334,131337,131339,131342,131344,131347],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131331,130663],{"class":54},[48,131333,12939],{"class":58},[48,131335,131336],{"class":54}," Ana ",[48,131338,130671],{"class":58},[48,131340,131341],{"class":54}," I live ",[48,131343,128],{"class":58},[48,131345,131346],{"class":54}," Lima",[48,131348,122938],{"class":62},[20,131350,131351],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[209,131353,131354,131357,131360],{},[212,131355,131356],{},"they make code easier to read",[212,131358,131359],{},"they help when a string has many values",[212,131361,131362],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131364,226],{},[39,131366,131368],{"className":41,"code":131367,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131369,131370,131422],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131371,131372,131375,131377,131379,131382,131385,131388,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405,131408,131410,131412,131415,131417,131420],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131373,131374],{"class":54},"report ",[48,131376,59],{"class":58},[48,131378,79],{"class":66},[48,131380,131381],{"class":70},"Student: ",[48,131383,131384],{"class":99},"{student}",[48,131386,131387],{"class":70},", Score: ",[48,131389,131390],{"class":99},"{score}",[48,131392,67],{"class":66},[48,131394,134],{"class":62},[48,131396,130629],{"class":137},[48,131398,151],{"class":62},[48,131400,1076],{"class":9941},[48,131402,59],{"class":58},[48,131404,67],{"class":66},[48,131406,131407],{"class":70},"Noah",[48,131409,67],{"class":66},[48,131411,87],{"class":62},[48,131413,131414],{"class":9941}," score",[48,131416,59],{"class":58},[48,131418,131419],{"class":99},"95",[48,131421,162],{"class":62},[48,131423,131424,131426,131428,131430],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131425,276],{"class":147},[48,131427,151],{"class":62},[48,131429,128619],{"class":137},[48,131431,162],{"class":62},[20,131433,131434],{},[166,131435,168],{},[39,131437,131439],{"className":41,"code":131438,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131440,131441],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131442,131443,131446,131448,131451,131453,131456,131458],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131444,131445],{"class":54},"Student",[48,131447,76],{"class":62},[48,131449,131450],{"class":54}," Noah",[48,131452,87],{"class":62},[48,131454,131455],{"class":54}," Score",[48,131457,76],{"class":62},[48,131459,131460],{"class":99}," 95\n",[20,131462,131463,131464,134],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[348,131465,4356,131466,4289],{"href":42718},[15,131467,48229],{},[34,131469,131471],{"id":131470},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131473,131474,131476],{},[15,131475,126909],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131478,131479,131480,131483],{},"A common example is ",[15,131481,131482],{},":.2f",", which means:",[209,131485,131486,131489],{},[212,131487,131488],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[212,131490,131491],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131493,226],{},[39,131495,131497],{"className":41,"code":131496,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131498,131499,131507,131536],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131500,131501,131503,131505],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131502,40929],{"class":54},[48,131504,59],{"class":58},[48,131506,49822],{"class":99},[48,131508,131509,131511,131513,131515,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131510,35224],{"class":54},[48,131512,59],{"class":58},[48,131514,79],{"class":66},[48,131516,131517],{"class":70},"Price: $",[48,131519,537],{"class":99},[48,131521,131482],{"class":915},[48,131523,925],{"class":99},[48,131525,67],{"class":66},[48,131527,134],{"class":62},[48,131529,130629],{"class":137},[48,131531,151],{"class":62},[48,131533,25681],{"class":137},[48,131535,162],{"class":62},[48,131537,131538,131540,131542,131544],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,131539,276],{"class":147},[48,131541,151],{"class":62},[48,131543,35245],{"class":137},[48,131545,162],{"class":62},[20,131547,131548],{},[166,131549,168],{},[39,131551,131553],{"className":41,"code":131552,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131554,131555],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131556,131557,131560,131562,131565],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131558,131559],{"class":54},"Price",[48,131561,76],{"class":62},[48,131563,131564],{"class":37907}," $",[48,131566,131567],{"class":99},"3.50\n",[20,131569,52627],{},[39,131571,131573],{"className":41,"code":131572,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131574,131575,131585],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131576,131577,131580,131582],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131578,131579],{"class":54},"average ",[48,131581,59],{"class":58},[48,131583,131584],{"class":99}," 91.236\n",[48,131586,131587,131589,131591,131593,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608,131610,131613],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131588,276],{"class":147},[48,131590,151],{"class":62},[48,131592,67],{"class":66},[48,131594,131595],{"class":70},"Average: ",[48,131597,537],{"class":99},[48,131599,131482],{"class":915},[48,131601,925],{"class":99},[48,131603,67],{"class":66},[48,131605,134],{"class":62},[48,131607,130629],{"class":137},[48,131609,151],{"class":62},[48,131611,131612],{"class":137},"average",[48,131614,670],{"class":62},[20,131616,131617],{},[166,131618,168],{},[39,131620,131622],{"className":41,"code":131621,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131623,131624],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131625,131626,131629,131631],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131627,131628],{"class":54},"Average",[48,131630,76],{"class":62},[48,131632,131633],{"class":99}," 91.24\n",[20,131635,131636],{},"This is useful for:",[209,131638,131639,131641,131644],{},[212,131640,83635],{},[212,131642,131643],{},"averages",[212,131645,131646],{},"percentages",[20,131648,131649,131650,134],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[348,131651,4356,131652,3086],{"href":46994},[15,131653,46997],{},[34,131655,18143],{"id":18142},[20,131657,131658,93072],{},[15,131659,126909],{},[20,131661,131662],{},"That means you can:",[209,131664,131665,131668,131671],{},[212,131666,131667],{},"save it in a variable",[212,131669,131670],{},"print it directly",[212,131672,131673],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131675,226],{},[39,131677,131679],{"className":41,"code":131678,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131680,131681,131712,131722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131682,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131708,131710],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131684,90558],{"class":54},[48,131686,59],{"class":58},[48,131688,79],{"class":66},[48,131690,45446],{"class":70},[48,131692,4574],{"class":99},[48,131694,90399],{"class":70},[48,131696,67],{"class":66},[48,131698,134],{"class":62},[48,131700,130629],{"class":137},[48,131702,151],{"class":62},[48,131704,67],{"class":66},[48,131706,131707],{"class":70},"Chris",[48,131709,67],{"class":66},[48,131711,162],{"class":62},[48,131713,131714,131716,131718,131720],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131715,276],{"class":147},[48,131717,151],{"class":62},[48,131719,90575],{"class":137},[48,131721,162],{"class":62},[48,131723,131724,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,131725,276],{"class":147},[48,131727,151],{"class":62},[48,131729,2094],{"class":281},[48,131731,151],{"class":62},[48,131733,90575],{"class":137},[48,131735,670],{"class":62},[20,131737,131738],{},[166,131739,168],{},[39,131741,131743],{"className":41,"code":131742,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131744,131745,131754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131746,131747,131749,131751],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131748,35404],{"class":54},[48,131750,87],{"class":62},[48,131752,131753],{"class":54}," Chris!\n",[48,131755,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131757,2168],{"class":58},[48,131759,2171],{"class":915},[48,131761,320],{"class":66},[48,131763,4223],{"class":70},[48,131765,311],{"class":66},[48,131767,2180],{"class":58},[20,131769,131770],{},"The original string is not changed.",[34,131772,131774,131776],{"id":131773},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131775,126909],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131778,131779,131781],{},[15,131780,126909],{}," is a string method.",[20,131783,131784],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131786,46585,131787,76],{},[15,131788,126909],{},[39,131790,131792],{"className":41,"code":131791,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131793,131794,131807],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131795,131796,131798,131800,131802,131805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131797,8645],{"class":54},[48,131799,59],{"class":58},[48,131801,79],{"class":66},[48,131803,131804],{"class":70},"Rita",[48,131806,4138],{"class":66},[48,131808,131809,131811,131813,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131810,276],{"class":147},[48,131812,151],{"class":62},[48,131814,67],{"class":66},[48,131816,45446],{"class":70},[48,131818,4574],{"class":99},[48,131820,90399],{"class":70},[48,131822,67],{"class":66},[48,131824,134],{"class":62},[48,131826,130629],{"class":137},[48,131828,151],{"class":62},[48,131830,71],{"class":137},[48,131832,670],{"class":62},[20,131834,131835],{},"Example with an f-string:",[39,131837,131839],{"className":41,"code":131838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131840,131841,131853],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131842,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131844,8645],{"class":54},[48,131846,59],{"class":58},[48,131848,79],{"class":66},[48,131850,131804],{"class":70},[48,131852,4138],{"class":66},[48,131854,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131872],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131856,276],{"class":147},[48,131858,151],{"class":62},[48,131860,916],{"class":915},[48,131862,43890],{"class":70},[48,131864,537],{"class":99},[48,131866,71],{"class":137},[48,131868,925],{"class":99},[48,131870,131871],{"class":70},"!\"",[48,131873,162],{"class":62},[20,131875,131876],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131878,131879,131880,131882,131883,134],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131881,126909],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[348,131884,90244],{"href":90243},[34,131886,1745],{"id":1744},[20,131888,131889,131890,134],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131891,126909],{},[1752,131893,131895],{"id":131894},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131897,131898],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[39,131900,131902],{"className":41,"code":131901,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131903,131904,131937],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131905,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131919,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131907,35224],{"class":54},[48,131909,59],{"class":58},[48,131911,79],{"class":66},[48,131913,45446],{"class":70},[48,131915,4574],{"class":99},[48,131917,131918],{"class":99}," {}",[48,131920,90399],{"class":70},[48,131922,67],{"class":66},[48,131924,134],{"class":62},[48,131926,130629],{"class":137},[48,131928,151],{"class":62},[48,131930,67],{"class":66},[48,131932,8446],{"class":70},[48,131934,67],{"class":66},[48,131936,162],{"class":62},[48,131938,131939,131941,131943,131945],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,131940,276],{"class":147},[48,131942,151],{"class":62},[48,131944,35245],{"class":137},[48,131946,162],{"class":62},[20,131948,131949],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131951,131952],{},"Fixed version:",[39,131954,131956],{"className":41,"code":131955,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131957,131958,131999],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131959,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986,131988,131990,131992,131995,131997],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131961,35224],{"class":54},[48,131963,59],{"class":58},[48,131965,79],{"class":66},[48,131967,45446],{"class":70},[48,131969,4574],{"class":99},[48,131971,131918],{"class":99},[48,131973,90399],{"class":70},[48,131975,67],{"class":66},[48,131977,134],{"class":62},[48,131979,130629],{"class":137},[48,131981,151],{"class":62},[48,131983,67],{"class":66},[48,131985,8446],{"class":70},[48,131987,67],{"class":66},[48,131989,87],{"class":62},[48,131991,79],{"class":66},[48,131993,131994],{"class":70},"Lee",[48,131996,67],{"class":66},[48,131998,162],{"class":62},[48,132000,132001,132003,132005,132007],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132002,276],{"class":147},[48,132004,151],{"class":62},[48,132006,35245],{"class":137},[48,132008,162],{"class":62},[1752,132010,132012],{"id":132011},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,132014,132015,132016,134],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,132017,126909],{},[20,132019,132020],{},"Problem:",[39,132022,132024],{"className":41,"code":132023,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132025,132026,132060],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132027,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132029,35224],{"class":54},[48,132031,59],{"class":58},[48,132033,79],{"class":66},[48,132035,45446],{"class":70},[48,132037,131246],{"class":99},[48,132039,90399],{"class":70},[48,132041,67],{"class":66},[48,132043,134],{"class":62},[48,132045,130629],{"class":137},[48,132047,151],{"class":62},[48,132049,8753],{"class":9941},[48,132051,59],{"class":58},[48,132053,67],{"class":66},[48,132055,8446],{"class":70},[48,132057,67],{"class":66},[48,132059,162],{"class":62},[48,132061,132062,132064,132066,132068],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132063,276],{"class":147},[48,132065,151],{"class":62},[48,132067,35245],{"class":137},[48,132069,162],{"class":62},[20,132071,131952],{},[39,132073,132075],{"className":41,"code":132074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132076,132077,132111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132078,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132080,35224],{"class":54},[48,132082,59],{"class":58},[48,132084,79],{"class":66},[48,132086,45446],{"class":70},[48,132088,131246],{"class":99},[48,132090,90399],{"class":70},[48,132092,67],{"class":66},[48,132094,134],{"class":62},[48,132096,130629],{"class":137},[48,132098,151],{"class":62},[48,132100,71],{"class":9941},[48,132102,59],{"class":58},[48,132104,67],{"class":66},[48,132106,8446],{"class":70},[48,132108,67],{"class":66},[48,132110,162],{"class":62},[48,132112,132113,132115,132117,132119],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132114,276],{"class":147},[48,132116,151],{"class":62},[48,132118,35245],{"class":137},[48,132120,162],{"class":62},[1752,132122,2015,132124,132126],{"id":132123},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,132125,126909],{}," to change the original string",[20,132128,132129,132131],{},[15,132130,126909],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,132133,132020],{},[39,132135,132137],{"className":41,"code":132136,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132138,132139,132153,132171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132140,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132142,35224],{"class":54},[48,132144,59],{"class":58},[48,132146,79],{"class":66},[48,132148,45446],{"class":70},[48,132150,4574],{"class":99},[48,132152,4138],{"class":66},[48,132154,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132156,35245],{"class":54},[48,132158,134],{"class":62},[48,132160,130629],{"class":137},[48,132162,151],{"class":62},[48,132164,67],{"class":66},[48,132166,8446],{"class":70},[48,132168,67],{"class":66},[48,132170,162],{"class":62},[48,132172,132173,132175,132177,132179],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,132174,276],{"class":147},[48,132176,151],{"class":62},[48,132178,35245],{"class":137},[48,132180,162],{"class":62},[20,132182,132183],{},[166,132184,168],{},[39,132186,132188],{"className":41,"code":132187,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello, {}\n",[15,132189,132190],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132191,132192,132194,132196],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132193,35404],{"class":54},[48,132195,87],{"class":62},[48,132197,10593],{"class":62},[20,132199,131952],{},[39,132201,132203],{"className":41,"code":132202,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132204,132205,132219,132241],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132206,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132208,35224],{"class":54},[48,132210,59],{"class":58},[48,132212,79],{"class":66},[48,132214,45446],{"class":70},[48,132216,4574],{"class":99},[48,132218,4138],{"class":66},[48,132220,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132222,35224],{"class":54},[48,132224,59],{"class":58},[48,132226,43385],{"class":54},[48,132228,134],{"class":62},[48,132230,130629],{"class":137},[48,132232,151],{"class":62},[48,132234,67],{"class":66},[48,132236,8446],{"class":70},[48,132238,67],{"class":66},[48,132240,162],{"class":62},[48,132242,132243,132245,132247,132249],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,132244,276],{"class":147},[48,132246,151],{"class":62},[48,132248,35245],{"class":137},[48,132250,162],{"class":62},[1752,132252,5486,132254,132256],{"id":132253},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,132255,126909],{}," returns a new string",[20,132258,132259],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1752,132261,132263],{"id":132262},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,132265,132266],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,132268,132269,132270,132272],{},"Use simple ",[15,132271,4574],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,132274,132275,132276,134],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[348,132277,90957],{"href":90956},[34,132279,68446],{"id":68445},[20,132281,132282],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[39,132284,132286],{"className":41,"code":132285,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,132287,132288,132298,132312,132341],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132289,132290,132292,132294,132296],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132291,276],{"class":147},[48,132293,151],{"class":62},[48,132295,35245],{"class":137},[48,132297,162],{"class":62},[48,132299,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132301,276],{"class":147},[48,132303,151],{"class":62},[48,132305,2094],{"class":281},[48,132307,151],{"class":62},[48,132309,933],{"class":137},[48,132311,670],{"class":62},[48,132313,132314,132316,132318,132320,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,132315,276],{"class":147},[48,132317,151],{"class":62},[48,132319,67],{"class":66},[48,132321,132322],{"class":70},"Hello ",[48,132324,4574],{"class":99},[48,132326,67],{"class":66},[48,132328,134],{"class":62},[48,132330,130629],{"class":137},[48,132332,151],{"class":62},[48,132334,67],{"class":66},[48,132336,8446],{"class":70},[48,132338,67],{"class":66},[48,132340,670],{"class":62},[48,132342,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,132344,32687],{"class":147},[48,132346,151],{"class":62},[48,132348,4223],{"class":281},[48,132350,134],{"class":62},[48,132352,130629],{"class":25281},[48,132354,162],{"class":62},[20,132356,132357],{},"Use them to check:",[209,132359,132360,132363,132366,132369],{},[212,132361,132362],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[212,132364,132365],{},"what type your value has",[212,132367,132368],{},"whether a small test example works",[212,132370,132371,132372],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132373,132374],{},"str.format",[34,132376,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,132378,130410,132380,13459],{"id":132379},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132381,126909],{},[20,132383,132384],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1752,132386,132388],{"id":132387},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132390,132391,132392,132394],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132393,4574],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1752,132396,132398,132399,2623],{"id":132397},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132400,126909],{},[20,132402,132403,132404,132407],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132405,132406],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1752,132409,15632,132411,132413],{"id":132410},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132412,126909],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132415,132416,132417,132419],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132418,126909],{}," is still useful and common.",[34,132421,2679],{"id":2678},[209,132423,132424,132428,132432,132438,132444],{},[212,132425,132426],{},[348,132427,125661],{"href":51522},[212,132429,132430],{},[348,132431,91234],{"href":90243},[212,132433,132434],{},[348,132435,4356,132436,4289],{"href":46994},[15,132437,46997],{},[212,132439,132440],{},[348,132441,4356,132442,4289],{"href":42718},[15,132443,48229],{},[212,132445,132446],{},[348,132447,90957],{"href":90956},[2711,132449,132450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":132452},[132453,132454,132456,132457,132458,132459,132460,132461,132463,132472,132473,132482],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":130696,"depth":106,"text":132455},"What the format() method does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":130977,"depth":106,"text":130978},{"id":131239,"depth":106,"text":131240},{"id":131470,"depth":106,"text":131471},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":131773,"depth":106,"text":132462},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":132464},[132465,132466,132467,132469,132471],{"id":131894,"depth":113,"text":131895},{"id":132011,"depth":113,"text":132012},{"id":132123,"depth":113,"text":132468},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132253,"depth":113,"text":132470},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132262,"depth":113,"text":132263},{"id":68445,"depth":106,"text":68446},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":132474},[132475,132477,132478,132480],{"id":132379,"depth":113,"text":132476},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132387,"depth":113,"text":132388},{"id":132397,"depth":113,"text":132479},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132410,"depth":113,"text":132481},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130556,"description":132483},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132490,"title":132491,"body":132492,"description":133972,"extension":2749,"meta":133973,"navigation":109,"path":133974,"seo":133975,"stem":133976,"__hash__":133977},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132493,"toc":133944},[132494,132499,132504,132509,132511,132573,132580,132586,132591,132593,132609,132611,132682,132684,132698,132701,132751,132753,132755,132782,132785,132800,132803,132844,132847,132892,132899,132948,132950,132958,132960,132978,132980,133073,133081,133122,133127,133134,133140,133147,133150,133154,133255,133257,133279,133283,133336,133339,133342,133348,133355,133357,133396,133398,133416,133426,133433,133516,133519,133526,133533,133540,133544,133552,133598,133602,133611,133676,133681,133686,133697,133699,133704,133731,133733,133836,133839,133859,133861,133866,133869,133873,133877,133884,133893,133899,133902,133908,133910,133912,133941],[10,132495,123906,132497,18],{"id":132496},"python-string-index-method",[15,132498,59517],{},[20,132500,123911,132501,132503],{},[15,132502,59517],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132505,132506,132507,134],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132508,41246],{},[34,132510,37],{"id":36},[39,132512,132514],{"className":41,"code":132513,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132515,132516,132528,132550,132560,132564,132568],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132517,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132519,35224],{"class":54},[48,132521,59],{"class":58},[48,132523,79],{"class":66},[48,132525,60956],{"class":70},[48,132527,4138],{"class":66},[48,132529,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132531,65470],{"class":54},[48,132533,59],{"class":58},[48,132535,43385],{"class":54},[48,132537,134],{"class":62},[48,132539,36384],{"class":137},[48,132541,151],{"class":62},[48,132543,67],{"class":66},[48,132545,61141],{"class":70},[48,132547,67],{"class":66},[48,132549,162],{"class":62},[48,132551,132552,132554,132556,132558],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,132553,276],{"class":147},[48,132555,151],{"class":62},[48,132557,65497],{"class":137},[48,132559,162],{"class":62},[48,132561,132562],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,132563,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,132565,132566],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,132567,91375],{"class":4445},[48,132569,132570],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,132571,132572],{"class":4445},"# 6\n",[20,132574,189,132575,132577,132578,134],{},[15,132576,59517],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132579,41246],{},[34,132581,196,132583,199],{"id":132582},"what-strindex-does",[15,132584,132585],{},"str.index()",[20,132587,132588,132590],{},[15,132589,132585],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132592,13792],{},[209,132594,132595,132598,132601,132604],{},[212,132596,132597],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[212,132599,132600],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[212,132602,132603],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[212,132605,30827,132606,132608],{},[15,132607,41246],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132610,226],{},[39,132612,132614],{"className":41,"code":132613,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132615,132616,132628,132632,132657],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132617,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132619,35224],{"class":54},[48,132621,59],{"class":58},[48,132623,79],{"class":66},[48,132625,1146],{"class":70},[48,132627,4138],{"class":66},[48,132629,132630],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132631,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,132633,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,132635,276],{"class":147},[48,132637,151],{"class":62},[48,132639,35245],{"class":137},[48,132641,134],{"class":62},[48,132643,36384],{"class":137},[48,132645,151],{"class":62},[48,132647,67],{"class":66},[48,132649,348],{"class":70},[48,132651,67],{"class":66},[48,132653,6139],{"class":62},[48,132655,132656],{"class":4445},"     # 1\n",[48,132658,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,132660,276],{"class":147},[48,132662,151],{"class":62},[48,132664,35245],{"class":137},[48,132666,134],{"class":62},[48,132668,36384],{"class":137},[48,132670,151],{"class":62},[48,132672,67],{"class":66},[48,132674,123999],{"class":70},[48,132676,67],{"class":66},[48,132678,6139],{"class":62},[48,132680,132681],{"class":4445},"    # 2\n",[20,132683,2962],{},[209,132685,132686,132692],{},[212,132687,132688,129119,132690],{},[15,132689,18819],{},[15,132691,3770],{},[212,132693,132694,129119,132696],{},[15,132695,129118],{},[15,132697,2842],{},[20,132699,132700],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[39,132702,132704],{"className":41,"code":132703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132705,132706,132718,132722,132746],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132707,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132709,35224],{"class":54},[48,132711,59],{"class":58},[48,132713,79],{"class":66},[48,132715,35404],{"class":70},[48,132717,4138],{"class":66},[48,132719,132720],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132721,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,132723,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738,132740,132742,132744],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,132725,276],{"class":147},[48,132727,151],{"class":62},[48,132729,35245],{"class":137},[48,132731,134],{"class":62},[48,132733,36384],{"class":137},[48,132735,151],{"class":62},[48,132737,67],{"class":66},[48,132739,51738],{"class":70},[48,132741,67],{"class":66},[48,132743,6139],{"class":62},[48,132745,21486],{"class":4445},[48,132747,132748],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,132749,132750],{"class":4445},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[34,132752,360],{"id":359},[20,132754,2944],{},[39,132756,132758],{"className":41,"code":132757,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132759,132760],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132761,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132763,61724],{"class":54},[48,132765,134],{"class":62},[48,132767,36384],{"class":137},[48,132769,151],{"class":62},[48,132771,933],{"class":137},[48,132773,87],{"class":62},[48,132775,36590],{"class":137},[48,132777,87],{"class":62},[48,132779,65591],{"class":137},[48,132781,162],{"class":62},[20,132783,132784],{},"Parameters:",[209,132786,132787,132791,132795],{},[212,132788,132789,124098],{},[15,132790,933],{},[212,132792,132793,129165],{},[15,132794,36611],{},[212,132796,132797,132799],{},[15,132798,53208],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132801,132802],{},"You can use just the value:",[39,132804,132806],{"className":41,"code":132805,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132807,132808,132820],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132809,132810,132812,132814,132816,132818],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132811,35224],{"class":54},[48,132813,59],{"class":58},[48,132815,79],{"class":66},[48,132817,43],{"class":70},[48,132819,4138],{"class":66},[48,132821,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132823,276],{"class":147},[48,132825,151],{"class":62},[48,132827,35245],{"class":137},[48,132829,134],{"class":62},[48,132831,36384],{"class":137},[48,132833,151],{"class":62},[48,132835,67],{"class":66},[48,132837,63837],{"class":70},[48,132839,67],{"class":66},[48,132841,6139],{"class":62},[48,132843,51962],{"class":4445},[20,132845,132846],{},"Or include a start position:",[39,132848,132850],{"className":41,"code":132849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132851,132852,132864],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132853,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132855,35224],{"class":54},[48,132857,59],{"class":58},[48,132859,79],{"class":66},[48,132861,1146],{"class":70},[48,132863,4138],{"class":66},[48,132865,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884,132886,132888,132890],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132867,276],{"class":147},[48,132869,151],{"class":62},[48,132871,35245],{"class":137},[48,132873,134],{"class":62},[48,132875,36384],{"class":137},[48,132877,151],{"class":62},[48,132879,67],{"class":66},[48,132881,348],{"class":70},[48,132883,67],{"class":66},[48,132885,87],{"class":62},[48,132887,632],{"class":99},[48,132889,6139],{"class":62},[48,132891,51317],{"class":4445},[20,132893,132894,132895,5174,132897,76],{},"Or include both ",[15,132896,36611],{},[15,132898,53208],{},[39,132900,132902],{"className":41,"code":132901,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132903,132904,132916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132905,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132907,35224],{"class":54},[48,132909,59],{"class":58},[48,132911,79],{"class":66},[48,132913,1146],{"class":70},[48,132915,4138],{"class":66},[48,132917,132918,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,132919,276],{"class":147},[48,132921,151],{"class":62},[48,132923,35245],{"class":137},[48,132925,134],{"class":62},[48,132927,36384],{"class":137},[48,132929,151],{"class":62},[48,132931,67],{"class":66},[48,132933,348],{"class":70},[48,132935,67],{"class":66},[48,132937,87],{"class":62},[48,132939,632],{"class":99},[48,132941,87],{"class":62},[48,132943,5387],{"class":99},[48,132945,6139],{"class":62},[48,132947,51317],{"class":4445},[34,132949,38561],{"id":38560},[20,132951,29241,132952,132954,132955,134],{},[15,132953,59517],{}," is a ",[166,132956,132957],{},"zero-based index",[20,132959,579],{},[209,132961,132962,132968,132973],{},[212,132963,132964,132965,132967],{},"Index ",[15,132966,2904],{}," is the first character",[212,132969,132964,132970,132972],{},[15,132971,3770],{}," is the second character",[212,132974,132964,132975,132977],{},[15,132976,2842],{}," is the third character",[20,132979,226],{},[39,132981,132983],{"className":41,"code":132982,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132984,132985,132997,133001,133025,133049],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,132986,132987,132989,132991,132993,132995],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,132988,35224],{"class":54},[48,132990,59],{"class":58},[48,132992,79],{"class":66},[48,132994,37587],{"class":70},[48,132996,4138],{"class":66},[48,132998,132999],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133000,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,133002,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,133004,276],{"class":147},[48,133006,151],{"class":62},[48,133008,35245],{"class":137},[48,133010,134],{"class":62},[48,133012,36384],{"class":137},[48,133014,151],{"class":62},[48,133016,67],{"class":66},[48,133018,2265],{"class":70},[48,133020,67],{"class":66},[48,133022,6139],{"class":62},[48,133024,51794],{"class":4445},[48,133026,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,133028,276],{"class":147},[48,133030,151],{"class":62},[48,133032,35245],{"class":137},[48,133034,134],{"class":62},[48,133036,36384],{"class":137},[48,133038,151],{"class":62},[48,133040,67],{"class":66},[48,133042,348],{"class":70},[48,133044,67],{"class":66},[48,133046,6139],{"class":62},[48,133048,28312],{"class":4445},[48,133050,133051,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,133052,276],{"class":147},[48,133054,151],{"class":62},[48,133056,35245],{"class":137},[48,133058,134],{"class":62},[48,133060,36384],{"class":137},[48,133062,151],{"class":62},[48,133064,67],{"class":66},[48,133066,63837],{"class":70},[48,133068,67],{"class":66},[48,133070,6139],{"class":62},[48,133072,51962],{"class":4445},[20,133074,133075,133077,133078,133080],{},[15,133076,59517],{}," returns only the ",[166,133079,30442],{}," matching position.",[39,133082,133084],{"className":41,"code":133083,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,133085,133086,133098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133087,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133089,35224],{"class":54},[48,133091,59],{"class":58},[48,133093,79],{"class":66},[48,133095,1146],{"class":70},[48,133097,4138],{"class":66},[48,133099,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133101,276],{"class":147},[48,133103,151],{"class":62},[48,133105,35245],{"class":137},[48,133107,134],{"class":62},[48,133109,36384],{"class":137},[48,133111,151],{"class":62},[48,133113,67],{"class":66},[48,133115,348],{"class":70},[48,133117,67],{"class":66},[48,133119,6139],{"class":62},[48,133121,28312],{"class":4445},[20,133123,21695,133124,133126],{},[15,133125,18819],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,133128,133129,133130,134],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[348,133131,133132,2689],{"href":125356},[15,133133,59139],{},[34,133135,9185,133136,5174,133138],{"id":65957},[15,133137,36611],{},[15,133139,53208],{},[20,133141,22,133142,5174,133144,133146],{},[15,133143,36611],{},[15,133145,53208],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,133148,133149],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,133151,46585,133152,76],{},[15,133153,36611],{},[39,133155,133157],{"className":41,"code":133156,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,133158,133159,133171,133175,133199,133227],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133160,133161,133163,133165,133167,133169],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133162,35224],{"class":54},[48,133164,59],{"class":58},[48,133166,79],{"class":66},[48,133168,1146],{"class":70},[48,133170,4138],{"class":66},[48,133172,133173],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133174,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,133176,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,133178,276],{"class":147},[48,133180,151],{"class":62},[48,133182,35245],{"class":137},[48,133184,134],{"class":62},[48,133186,36384],{"class":137},[48,133188,151],{"class":62},[48,133190,67],{"class":66},[48,133192,348],{"class":70},[48,133194,67],{"class":66},[48,133196,6139],{"class":62},[48,133198,51667],{"class":4445},[48,133200,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,133202,276],{"class":147},[48,133204,151],{"class":62},[48,133206,35245],{"class":137},[48,133208,134],{"class":62},[48,133210,36384],{"class":137},[48,133212,151],{"class":62},[48,133214,67],{"class":66},[48,133216,348],{"class":70},[48,133218,67],{"class":66},[48,133220,87],{"class":62},[48,133222,632],{"class":99},[48,133224,6139],{"class":62},[48,133226,51516],{"class":4445},[48,133228,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,133230,276],{"class":147},[48,133232,151],{"class":62},[48,133234,35245],{"class":137},[48,133236,134],{"class":62},[48,133238,36384],{"class":137},[48,133240,151],{"class":62},[48,133242,67],{"class":66},[48,133244,348],{"class":70},[48,133246,67],{"class":66},[48,133248,87],{"class":62},[48,133250,3241],{"class":99},[48,133252,6139],{"class":62},[48,133254,51300],{"class":4445},[20,133256,20676],{},[209,133258,133259,133266,133272],{},[212,133260,133261,133262,66147,133264],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,133263,18819],{},[15,133265,3770],{},[212,133267,133268,133269,133271],{},"Starting at index ",[15,133270,2842],{}," skips that first match",[212,133273,133268,133274,133276,133277],{},[15,133275,3288],{}," finds the last ",[15,133278,18819],{},[20,133280,46585,133281,76],{},[15,133282,53208],{},[39,133284,133286],{"className":41,"code":133285,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,133287,133288,133300,133304],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133289,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133291,35224],{"class":54},[48,133293,59],{"class":58},[48,133295,79],{"class":66},[48,133297,1146],{"class":70},[48,133299,4138],{"class":66},[48,133301,133302],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133303,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,133305,133306,133308,133310,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,133307,276],{"class":147},[48,133309,151],{"class":62},[48,133311,35245],{"class":137},[48,133313,134],{"class":62},[48,133315,36384],{"class":137},[48,133317,151],{"class":62},[48,133319,67],{"class":66},[48,133321,76581],{"class":70},[48,133323,67],{"class":66},[48,133325,87],{"class":62},[48,133327,4616],{"class":99},[48,133329,87],{"class":62},[48,133331,3241],{"class":99},[48,133333,6139],{"class":62},[48,133335,51962],{"class":4445},[20,133337,133338],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133340,133341],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[34,133343,44757,133345,133347],{"id":133344},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133346,59517],{}," causes an error",[20,133349,133350,133351,53042,133353,134],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133352,59517],{},[15,133354,41246],{},[20,133356,226],{},[39,133358,133360],{"className":41,"code":133359,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133361,133362,133374],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133363,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133365,35224],{"class":54},[48,133367,59],{"class":58},[48,133369,79],{"class":66},[48,133371,4628],{"class":70},[48,133373,4138],{"class":66},[48,133375,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390,133392,133394],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133377,276],{"class":147},[48,133379,151],{"class":62},[48,133381,35245],{"class":137},[48,133383,134],{"class":62},[48,133385,36384],{"class":137},[48,133387,151],{"class":62},[48,133389,67],{"class":66},[48,133391,687],{"class":70},[48,133393,67],{"class":66},[48,133395,670],{"class":62},[20,133397,168],{},[39,133399,133401],{"className":41,"code":133400,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133402,133403],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133404,133405,133407,133409,133412,133414],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133406,41246],{"class":281},[48,133408,76],{"class":62},[48,133410,133411],{"class":54}," substring ",[48,133413,5413],{"class":58},[48,133415,66380],{"class":54},[20,133417,53889,133418,126872,133423,133425],{},[348,133419,133420],{"href":130550},[15,133421,133422],{},"str.find()",[15,133424,66405],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133427,133428,133429,5174,133431,76],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133430,30337],{},[15,133432,30368],{},[39,133434,133436],{"className":41,"code":133435,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133437,133438,133450,133454,133460,133483,133493,133501],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133439,133440,133442,133444,133446,133448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133441,35224],{"class":54},[48,133443,59],{"class":58},[48,133445,79],{"class":66},[48,133447,4628],{"class":70},[48,133449,4138],{"class":66},[48,133451,133452],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133453,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,133455,133456,133458],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,133457,30337],{"class":116},[48,133459,1053],{"class":62},[48,133461,133462,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,133463,133464],{"class":54},"    position ",[48,133466,59],{"class":58},[48,133468,43385],{"class":54},[48,133470,134],{"class":62},[48,133472,36384],{"class":137},[48,133474,151],{"class":62},[48,133476,67],{"class":66},[48,133478,687],{"class":70},[48,133480,67],{"class":66},[48,133482,162],{"class":62},[48,133484,133485,133487,133489,133491],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,133486,148],{"class":147},[48,133488,151],{"class":62},[48,133490,65497],{"class":137},[48,133492,162],{"class":62},[48,133494,133495,133497,133499],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,133496,30368],{"class":116},[48,133498,42469],{"class":281},[48,133500,1053],{"class":62},[48,133502,133503,133505,133507,133509,133512,133514],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,133504,148],{"class":147},[48,133506,151],{"class":62},[48,133508,67],{"class":66},[48,133510,133511],{"class":70},"Substring not found",[48,133513,67],{"class":66},[48,133515,162],{"class":62},[20,133517,133518],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133520,42489,133521,134],{},[348,133522,26211,133524],{"href":133523},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133525,129877],{},[34,133527,133529,1306,133531],{"id":133528},"index-vs-find",[15,133530,59517],{},[15,133532,124901],{},[20,133534,133535,5174,133537,133539],{},[15,133536,59517],{},[15,133538,124901],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1752,133541,133542],{"id":36384},[15,133543,59517],{},[209,133545,133546,133549],{},[212,133547,133548],{},"Returns the first match position",[212,133550,133551],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[39,133553,133555],{"className":41,"code":133554,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133556,133557,133569,133593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133558,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133560,35224],{"class":54},[48,133562,59],{"class":58},[48,133564,79],{"class":66},[48,133566,4628],{"class":70},[48,133568,4138],{"class":66},[48,133570,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585,133587,133589,133591],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133572,276],{"class":147},[48,133574,151],{"class":62},[48,133576,35245],{"class":137},[48,133578,134],{"class":62},[48,133580,36384],{"class":137},[48,133582,151],{"class":62},[48,133584,67],{"class":66},[48,133586,60997],{"class":70},[48,133588,67],{"class":66},[48,133590,6139],{"class":62},[48,133592,28312],{"class":4445},[48,133594,133595],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,133596,133597],{"class":4445},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1752,133599,133600],{"id":128931},[15,133601,124901],{},[209,133603,133604,133606],{},[212,133605,133548],{},[212,133607,12175,133608,133610],{},[15,133609,66405],{}," if nothing is found",[39,133612,133614],{"className":41,"code":133613,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133615,133616,133628,133652],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133617,133618,133620,133622,133624,133626],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133619,35224],{"class":54},[48,133621,59],{"class":58},[48,133623,79],{"class":66},[48,133625,4628],{"class":70},[48,133627,4138],{"class":66},[48,133629,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133631,276],{"class":147},[48,133633,151],{"class":62},[48,133635,35245],{"class":137},[48,133637,134],{"class":62},[48,133639,128931],{"class":137},[48,133641,151],{"class":62},[48,133643,67],{"class":66},[48,133645,60997],{"class":70},[48,133647,67],{"class":66},[48,133649,6139],{"class":62},[48,133651,28312],{"class":4445},[48,133653,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672,133674],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,133655,276],{"class":147},[48,133657,151],{"class":62},[48,133659,35245],{"class":137},[48,133661,134],{"class":62},[48,133663,128931],{"class":137},[48,133665,151],{"class":62},[48,133667,67],{"class":66},[48,133669,687],{"class":70},[48,133671,67],{"class":66},[48,133673,6139],{"class":62},[48,133675,129287],{"class":4445},[20,133677,189,133678,133680],{},[15,133679,59517],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133682,189,133683,133685],{},[15,133684,124901],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133687,133688,133689,352,133694,134],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[348,133690,133691,133693],{"href":130550},[15,133692,133422],{}," method reference",[348,133695,127942],{"href":133696},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[34,133698,1745],{"id":1744},[20,133700,133701,133702,76],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133703,59517],{},[209,133705,133706,133709,133716,133721,133726],{},[212,133707,133708],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[212,133710,2015,133711,9222,133713,133715],{},[15,133712,59517],{},[15,133714,66405],{}," when no match exists",[212,133717,9185,133718,133720],{},[15,133719,59517],{}," on a value that may not be present",[212,133722,133723,133724],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133725,3770],{},[212,133727,5361,133728,133730],{},[15,133729,59517],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133732,62845],{},[39,133734,133736],{"className":41,"code":133735,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133737,133738,133748,133762,133784,133806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133739,133740,133742,133744,133746],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133741,276],{"class":147},[48,133743,151],{"class":62},[48,133745,35245],{"class":137},[48,133747,162],{"class":62},[48,133749,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,133751,276],{"class":147},[48,133753,151],{"class":62},[48,133755,42322],{"class":147},[48,133757,151],{"class":62},[48,133759,35245],{"class":137},[48,133761,670],{"class":62},[48,133763,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,133765,276],{"class":147},[48,133767,151],{"class":62},[48,133769,35245],{"class":137},[48,133771,134],{"class":62},[48,133773,36384],{"class":137},[48,133775,151],{"class":62},[48,133777,67],{"class":66},[48,133779,933],{"class":70},[48,133781,67],{"class":66},[48,133783,670],{"class":62},[48,133785,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802,133804],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,133787,276],{"class":147},[48,133789,151],{"class":62},[48,133791,35245],{"class":137},[48,133793,134],{"class":62},[48,133795,128931],{"class":137},[48,133797,151],{"class":62},[48,133799,67],{"class":66},[48,133801,933],{"class":70},[48,133803,67],{"class":66},[48,133805,670],{"class":62},[48,133807,133808,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,133809,276],{"class":147},[48,133811,151],{"class":62},[48,133813,35245],{"class":137},[48,133815,134],{"class":62},[48,133817,36384],{"class":137},[48,133819,151],{"class":62},[48,133821,67],{"class":66},[48,133823,933],{"class":70},[48,133825,67],{"class":66},[48,133827,87],{"class":62},[48,133829,36590],{"class":137},[48,133831,87],{"class":62},[48,133833,65591],{"class":137},[48,133835,670],{"class":62},[20,133837,133838],{},"Tips:",[209,133840,133841,133846,133851,133854],{},[212,133842,189,133843,133845],{},[15,133844,126828],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[212,133847,189,133848,133850],{},[15,133849,124901],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[212,133852,133853],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[212,133855,133856,133857],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133858,2904],{},[34,133860,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,133862,130410,133864,13459],{"id":133863},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133865,59517],{},[20,133867,133868],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1752,133870,133872],{"id":133871},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133874,77409,133875,134],{},[15,133876,41246],{},[1752,133878,5957,133880,5174,133882,2623],{"id":133879},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133881,59517],{},[15,133883,124901],{},[20,133885,133886,133888,133889,3181,133891,7401],{},[15,133887,59517],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133890,124901],{},[15,133892,66405],{},[1752,133894,5947,133896,133898],{"id":133895},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133897,59517],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133900,133901],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1752,133903,133905,133906,125242],{"id":133904},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133907,59517],{},[20,133909,130435],{},[34,133911,2679],{"id":2678},[209,133913,133914,133920,133924,133929,133935],{},[212,133915,133916],{},[348,133917,133918,2689],{"href":130550},[15,133919,133422],{},[212,133921,133922],{},[348,133923,125305],{"href":133696},[212,133925,133926],{},[348,133927,130511],{"href":133928},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[212,133930,133931],{},[348,133932,133933,2689],{"href":125356},[15,133934,59139],{},[212,133936,133937],{},[348,133938,30881,133939],{"href":133523},[15,133940,129877],{},[2711,133942,133943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":133945},[133946,133947,133949,133950,133951,133952,133954,133959,133960,133971],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":132582,"depth":106,"text":133948},"What str.index() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":38560,"depth":106,"text":38561},{"id":65957,"depth":106,"text":66740},{"id":133344,"depth":106,"text":133953},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133528,"depth":106,"text":133955,"children":133956},"index() vs find()",[133957,133958],{"id":36384,"depth":113,"text":59517},{"id":128931,"depth":113,"text":124901},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":133961},[133962,133964,133965,133967,133969],{"id":133863,"depth":113,"text":133963},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133871,"depth":113,"text":133872},{"id":133879,"depth":113,"text":133966},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133895,"depth":113,"text":133968},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133904,"depth":113,"text":133970},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132491,"description":133972},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133979,"title":133980,"body":133981,"description":136756,"extension":2749,"meta":136757,"navigation":109,"path":136758,"seo":136759,"stem":136760,"__hash__":136761},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133982,"toc":136692},[133983,133989,133994,133997,134000,134011,134013,134082,134084,134098,134103,134108,134113,134115,134158,134160,134243,134245,134291,134297,134299,134301,134321,134323,134346,134348,134422,134424,134443,134448,134450,134454,134526,134528,134542,134546,134622,134624,134643,134647,134741,134743,134752,134759,134835,134837,134855,134859,134862,134869,134918,134920,134929,134936,134995,134997,135015,135018,135025,135084,135086,135104,135111,135168,135170,135179,135183,135188,135192,135251,135253,135271,135275,135322,135327,135330,135399,135401,135418,135425,135431,135486,135491,135494,135571,135573,135591,135597,135603,135663,135665,135684,135690,135693,135700,135753,135758,135760,135821,135830,135837,135839,135896,135901,135903,135974,135978,136033,136035,136044,136049,136055,136124,136126,136158,136164,136172,136179,136185,136250,136252,136261,136267,136348,136350,136359,136364,136378,136385,136389,136394,136422,136424,136557,136560,136597,136599,136605,136614,136619,136622,136627,136632,136638,136641,136650,136653,136655,136684,136689],[10,133984,123906,133986,18],{"id":133985},"python-string-join-method",[15,133987,133988],{},"join()",[20,133990,123911,133991,133993],{},[15,133992,133988],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133995,133996],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133998,133999],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[209,134001,134002,134008],{},[212,134003,134004,134005,134007],{},"You call ",[15,134006,133988],{}," on the separator string",[212,134009,134010],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[34,134012,4390],{"id":4389},[39,134014,134016],{"className":41,"code":134015,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,134017,134018,134051,134072],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134019,134020,134022,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134047,134049],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134021,4852],{"class":54},[48,134023,59],{"class":58},[48,134025,4404],{"class":62},[48,134027,67],{"class":66},[48,134029,8066],{"class":70},[48,134031,67],{"class":66},[48,134033,87],{"class":62},[48,134035,79],{"class":66},[48,134037,12939],{"class":70},[48,134039,67],{"class":66},[48,134041,87],{"class":62},[48,134043,79],{"class":66},[48,134045,134046],{"class":70},"fun",[48,134048,67],{"class":66},[48,134050,1465],{"class":62},[48,134052,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063,134066,134068,134070],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134054,449],{"class":54},[48,134056,59],{"class":58},[48,134058,79],{"class":66},[48,134060,79],{"class":66},[48,134062,134],{"class":62},[48,134064,134065],{"class":137},"join",[48,134067,151],{"class":62},[48,134069,4894],{"class":137},[48,134071,162],{"class":62},[48,134073,134074,134076,134078,134080],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,134075,276],{"class":147},[48,134077,151],{"class":62},[48,134079,474],{"class":137},[48,134081,162],{"class":62},[20,134083,168],{},[39,134085,134087],{"className":41,"code":134086,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Python is fun\n",[15,134088,134089],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134090,134091,134093,134095],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134092,4356],{"class":54},[48,134094,12939],{"class":58},[48,134096,134097],{"class":54}," fun\n",[20,134099,189,134100,134102],{},[15,134101,133988],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[34,134104,196,134106,199],{"id":134105},"what-join-does",[15,134107,133988],{},[20,134109,134110,134112],{},[15,134111,133988],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,134114,207],{},[209,134116,134117,134124,134152,134155],{},[212,134118,134119,134120,134123],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,134121,134122],{},".join()"," as the separator",[212,134125,134126,134127],{},"Common separators are:\n",[209,134128,134129,134135,134141,134147],{},[212,134130,134131,134134],{},[15,134132,134133],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[212,134136,134137,134140],{},[15,134138,134139],{},"\", \""," for commas",[212,134142,134143,134146],{},[15,134144,134145],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[212,134148,134149,134151],{},[15,134150,7047],{}," for no separator",[212,134153,134154],{},"It returns a new string",[212,134156,134157],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,134159,226],{},[39,134161,134163],{"className":41,"code":134162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,134164,134165,134197,134219,134223,134233],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134166,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134168,4852],{"class":54},[48,134170,59],{"class":58},[48,134172,4404],{"class":62},[48,134174,67],{"class":66},[48,134176,1137],{"class":70},[48,134178,67],{"class":66},[48,134180,87],{"class":62},[48,134182,79],{"class":66},[48,134184,18179],{"class":70},[48,134186,67],{"class":66},[48,134188,87],{"class":62},[48,134190,79],{"class":66},[48,134192,13848],{"class":70},[48,134194,67],{"class":66},[48,134196,1465],{"class":62},[48,134198,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134200,449],{"class":54},[48,134202,59],{"class":58},[48,134204,79],{"class":66},[48,134206,2973],{"class":70},[48,134208,67],{"class":66},[48,134210,134],{"class":62},[48,134212,134065],{"class":137},[48,134214,151],{"class":62},[48,134216,4894],{"class":137},[48,134218,162],{"class":62},[48,134220,134221],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,134222,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,134224,134225,134227,134229,134231],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,134226,276],{"class":147},[48,134228,151],{"class":62},[48,134230,474],{"class":137},[48,134232,162],{"class":62},[48,134234,134235,134237,134239,134241],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,134236,276],{"class":147},[48,134238,151],{"class":62},[48,134240,4894],{"class":137},[48,134242,162],{"class":62},[20,134244,168],{},[39,134246,134248],{"className":41,"code":134247,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,134249,134250,134263],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134251,134252,134254,134256,134259,134261],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134253,1137],{"class":54},[48,134255,87],{"class":62},[48,134257,134258],{"class":54}," green",[48,134260,87],{"class":62},[48,134262,36419],{"class":54},[48,134264,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134266,682],{"class":62},[48,134268,311],{"class":66},[48,134270,1137],{"class":70},[48,134272,311],{"class":66},[48,134274,87],{"class":62},[48,134276,320],{"class":66},[48,134278,18179],{"class":70},[48,134280,311],{"class":66},[48,134282,87],{"class":62},[48,134284,320],{"class":66},[48,134286,13848],{"class":70},[48,134288,311],{"class":66},[48,134290,1465],{"class":62},[20,134292,134293,134294,134296],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,134295,133988],{}," creates a new string.",[34,134298,360],{"id":359},[20,134300,7987],{},[39,134302,134304],{"className":41,"code":134303,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,134305,134306],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134307,134308,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134309,134310],{"class":54},"separator",[48,134312,134],{"class":62},[48,134314,134065],{"class":137},[48,134316,151],{"class":62},[48,134318,4502],{"class":137},[48,134320,162],{"class":62},[1752,134322,49556],{"id":49555},[209,134324,134325,134338,134343],{},[212,134326,134327,134329,134330,2973,134332,2973,134334,2977,134336],{},[15,134328,134310],{}," is a string such as ",[15,134331,134133],{},[15,134333,134139],{},[15,134335,134145],{},[15,134337,7047],{},[212,134339,134340,134342],{},[15,134341,4502],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[212,134344,134345],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,134347,226],{},[39,134349,134351],{"className":41,"code":134350,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134352,134353,134385,134408,134412],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134354,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134356,5776],{"class":54},[48,134358,59],{"class":58},[48,134360,4404],{"class":62},[48,134362,67],{"class":66},[48,134364,82],{"class":70},[48,134366,67],{"class":66},[48,134368,87],{"class":62},[48,134370,79],{"class":66},[48,134372,36479],{"class":70},[48,134374,67],{"class":66},[48,134376,87],{"class":62},[48,134378,79],{"class":66},[48,134380,36488],{"class":70},[48,134382,67],{"class":66},[48,134384,1465],{"class":62},[48,134386,134387,134389,134391,134393,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134388,449],{"class":54},[48,134390,59],{"class":58},[48,134392,79],{"class":66},[48,134394,134395],{"class":70}," | ",[48,134397,67],{"class":66},[48,134399,134],{"class":62},[48,134401,134065],{"class":137},[48,134403,151],{"class":62},[48,134405,5818],{"class":137},[48,134407,162],{"class":62},[48,134409,134410],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,134411,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,134413,134414,134416,134418,134420],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,134415,276],{"class":147},[48,134417,151],{"class":62},[48,134419,474],{"class":137},[48,134421,162],{"class":62},[20,134423,168],{},[39,134425,134427],{"className":41,"code":134426,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,134428,134429],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134430,134431,134434,134436,134439,134441],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134432,134433],{"class":54},"Ana ",[48,134435,114413],{"class":58},[48,134437,134438],{"class":54}," Ben ",[48,134440,114413],{"class":58},[48,134442,36560],{"class":54},[20,134444,134445,134446,134],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[348,134447,125661],{"href":51522},[34,134449,122437],{"id":122436},[1752,134451,134453],{"id":134452},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[39,134455,134457],{"className":41,"code":134456,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134458,134459,134492,134512,134516],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134460,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134488,134490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134462,4852],{"class":54},[48,134464,59],{"class":58},[48,134466,4404],{"class":62},[48,134468,67],{"class":66},[48,134470,8066],{"class":70},[48,134472,67],{"class":66},[48,134474,87],{"class":62},[48,134476,79],{"class":66},[48,134478,12939],{"class":70},[48,134480,67],{"class":66},[48,134482,87],{"class":62},[48,134484,79],{"class":66},[48,134486,134487],{"class":70},"easy",[48,134489,67],{"class":66},[48,134491,1465],{"class":62},[48,134493,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134495,449],{"class":54},[48,134497,59],{"class":58},[48,134499,79],{"class":66},[48,134501,79],{"class":66},[48,134503,134],{"class":62},[48,134505,134065],{"class":137},[48,134507,151],{"class":62},[48,134509,4894],{"class":137},[48,134511,162],{"class":62},[48,134513,134514],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,134515,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,134517,134518,134520,134522,134524],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,134519,276],{"class":147},[48,134521,151],{"class":62},[48,134523,474],{"class":137},[48,134525,162],{"class":62},[20,134527,168],{},[39,134529,134531],{"className":41,"code":134530,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Python is easy\n",[15,134532,134533],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134534,134535,134537,134539],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134536,4356],{"class":54},[48,134538,12939],{"class":58},[48,134540,134541],{"class":54}," easy\n",[1752,134543,134545],{"id":134544},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[39,134547,134549],{"className":41,"code":134548,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134550,134551,134586,134608,134612],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134552,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134564,134566,134568,134570,134573,134575,134577,134579,134582,134584],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134554,8549],{"class":54},[48,134556,59],{"class":58},[48,134558,4404],{"class":62},[48,134560,67],{"class":66},[48,134562,134563],{"class":70},"apples",[48,134565,67],{"class":66},[48,134567,87],{"class":62},[48,134569,79],{"class":66},[48,134571,134572],{"class":70},"bananas",[48,134574,67],{"class":66},[48,134576,87],{"class":62},[48,134578,79],{"class":66},[48,134580,134581],{"class":70},"oranges",[48,134583,67],{"class":66},[48,134585,1465],{"class":62},[48,134587,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134589,449],{"class":54},[48,134591,59],{"class":58},[48,134593,79],{"class":66},[48,134595,2973],{"class":70},[48,134597,67],{"class":66},[48,134599,134],{"class":62},[48,134601,134065],{"class":137},[48,134603,151],{"class":62},[48,134605,138],{"class":137},[48,134607,162],{"class":62},[48,134609,134610],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,134611,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,134613,134614,134616,134618,134620],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,134615,276],{"class":147},[48,134617,151],{"class":62},[48,134619,474],{"class":137},[48,134621,162],{"class":62},[20,134623,168],{},[39,134625,134627],{"className":41,"code":134626,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134628,134629],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134630,134631,134633,134635,134638,134640],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134632,134563],{"class":54},[48,134634,87],{"class":62},[48,134636,134637],{"class":54}," bananas",[48,134639,87],{"class":62},[48,134641,134642],{"class":54}," oranges\n",[1752,134644,134646],{"id":134645},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[39,134648,134650],{"className":41,"code":134649,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134651,134652,134709,134727,134731],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134653,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134655,36629],{"class":54},[48,134657,59],{"class":58},[48,134659,4404],{"class":62},[48,134661,67],{"class":66},[48,134663,134664],{"class":70},"P",[48,134666,67],{"class":66},[48,134668,87],{"class":62},[48,134670,79],{"class":66},[48,134672,625],{"class":70},[48,134674,67],{"class":66},[48,134676,87],{"class":62},[48,134678,79],{"class":66},[48,134680,63837],{"class":70},[48,134682,67],{"class":66},[48,134684,87],{"class":62},[48,134686,79],{"class":66},[48,134688,60988],{"class":70},[48,134690,67],{"class":66},[48,134692,87],{"class":62},[48,134694,79],{"class":66},[48,134696,61023],{"class":70},[48,134698,67],{"class":66},[48,134700,87],{"class":62},[48,134702,79],{"class":66},[48,134704,76581],{"class":70},[48,134706,67],{"class":66},[48,134708,1465],{"class":62},[48,134710,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134712,449],{"class":54},[48,134714,59],{"class":58},[48,134716,6901],{"class":66},[48,134718,134],{"class":62},[48,134720,134065],{"class":137},[48,134722,151],{"class":62},[48,134724,36682],{"class":137},[48,134726,162],{"class":62},[48,134728,134729],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,134730,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,134732,134733,134735,134737,134739],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,134734,276],{"class":147},[48,134736,151],{"class":62},[48,134738,474],{"class":137},[48,134740,162],{"class":62},[20,134742,168],{},[39,134744,134746],{"className":41,"code":134745,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Python\n",[15,134747,134748],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134749,134750],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134751,134745],{"class":54},[1752,134753,134755,134756,134758],{"id":134754},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134757,133988],{}," returns the result",[39,134760,134762],{"className":41,"code":134761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134763,134764,134797,134820,134824],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134765,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790,134793,134795],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134767,4852],{"class":54},[48,134769,59],{"class":58},[48,134771,4404],{"class":62},[48,134773,67],{"class":66},[48,134775,7355],{"class":70},[48,134777,67],{"class":66},[48,134779,87],{"class":62},[48,134781,79],{"class":66},[48,134783,79822],{"class":70},[48,134785,67],{"class":66},[48,134787,87],{"class":62},[48,134789,79],{"class":66},[48,134791,134792],{"class":70},"three",[48,134794,67],{"class":66},[48,134796,1465],{"class":62},[48,134798,134799,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134800,134801],{"class":54},"joined_text ",[48,134803,59],{"class":58},[48,134805,79],{"class":66},[48,134807,2807],{"class":70},[48,134809,67],{"class":66},[48,134811,134],{"class":62},[48,134813,134065],{"class":137},[48,134815,151],{"class":62},[48,134817,4894],{"class":137},[48,134819,162],{"class":62},[48,134821,134822],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,134823,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,134825,134826,134828,134830,134833],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,134827,276],{"class":147},[48,134829,151],{"class":62},[48,134831,134832],{"class":137},"joined_text",[48,134834,162],{"class":62},[20,134836,168],{},[39,134838,134840],{"className":41,"code":134839,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"one-two-three\n",[15,134841,134842],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134843,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134845,7355],{"class":54},[48,134847,2807],{"class":58},[48,134849,79822],{"class":54},[48,134851,2807],{"class":58},[48,134853,134854],{"class":54},"three\n",[34,134856,134858],{"id":134857},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134860,134861],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1752,134863,134865,134868],{"id":134864},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134866,134867],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[39,134870,134872],{"className":41,"code":134871,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134873,134874,134898],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134875,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134877,4852],{"class":54},[48,134879,59],{"class":58},[48,134881,4404],{"class":62},[48,134883,67],{"class":66},[48,134885,4628],{"class":70},[48,134887,67],{"class":66},[48,134889,87],{"class":62},[48,134891,79],{"class":66},[48,134893,61141],{"class":70},[48,134895,67],{"class":66},[48,134897,1465],{"class":62},[48,134899,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134901,276],{"class":147},[48,134903,151],{"class":62},[48,134905,67],{"class":66},[48,134907,79],{"class":66},[48,134909,134],{"class":62},[48,134911,134065],{"class":137},[48,134913,151],{"class":62},[48,134915,4894],{"class":137},[48,134917,670],{"class":62},[20,134919,168],{},[39,134921,134923],{"className":41,"code":134922,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"hello world\n",[15,134924,134925],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134926,134927],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134928,134922],{"class":54},[1752,134930,134932,134935],{"id":134931},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134933,134934],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[39,134937,134939],{"className":41,"code":134938,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134940,134941,134973],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134942,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134944,1119],{"class":54},[48,134946,59],{"class":58},[48,134948,4404],{"class":62},[48,134950,67],{"class":66},[48,134952,1137],{"class":70},[48,134954,67],{"class":66},[48,134956,87],{"class":62},[48,134958,79],{"class":66},[48,134960,13848],{"class":70},[48,134962,67],{"class":66},[48,134964,87],{"class":62},[48,134966,79],{"class":66},[48,134968,18179],{"class":70},[48,134970,67],{"class":66},[48,134972,1465],{"class":62},[48,134974,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,134976,276],{"class":147},[48,134978,151],{"class":62},[48,134980,67],{"class":66},[48,134982,2973],{"class":70},[48,134984,67],{"class":66},[48,134986,134],{"class":62},[48,134988,134065],{"class":137},[48,134990,151],{"class":62},[48,134992,1196],{"class":137},[48,134994,670],{"class":62},[20,134996,168],{},[39,134998,135000],{"className":41,"code":134999,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red, blue, green\n",[15,135001,135002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135003,135004,135006,135008,135011,135013],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135005,1137],{"class":54},[48,135007,87],{"class":62},[48,135009,135010],{"class":54}," blue",[48,135012,87],{"class":62},[48,135014,36412],{"class":54},[20,135016,135017],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1752,135019,135021,135024],{"id":135020},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,135022,135023],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[39,135026,135028],{"className":41,"code":135027,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,135029,135030,135062],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135031,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135033,43380],{"class":54},[48,135035,59],{"class":58},[48,135037,4404],{"class":62},[48,135039,67],{"class":66},[48,135041,43],{"class":70},[48,135043,67],{"class":66},[48,135045,87],{"class":62},[48,135047,79],{"class":66},[48,135049,61724],{"class":70},[48,135051,67],{"class":66},[48,135053,87],{"class":62},[48,135055,79],{"class":66},[48,135057,134065],{"class":70},[48,135059,67],{"class":66},[48,135061,1465],{"class":62},[48,135063,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135065,276],{"class":147},[48,135067,151],{"class":62},[48,135069,67],{"class":66},[48,135071,2807],{"class":70},[48,135073,67],{"class":66},[48,135075,134],{"class":62},[48,135077,134065],{"class":137},[48,135079,151],{"class":62},[48,135081,43412],{"class":137},[48,135083,670],{"class":62},[20,135085,168],{},[39,135087,135089],{"className":41,"code":135088,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"python-string-join\n",[15,135090,135091],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135092,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135094,43],{"class":54},[48,135096,2807],{"class":58},[48,135098,61724],{"class":54},[48,135100,2807],{"class":58},[48,135102,135103],{"class":54},"join\n",[1752,135105,135107,135110],{"id":135106},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,135108,135109],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[39,135112,135114],{"className":41,"code":135113,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,135115,135116,135149],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135117,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135145,135147],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135119,113485],{"class":54},[48,135121,59],{"class":58},[48,135123,4404],{"class":62},[48,135125,67],{"class":66},[48,135127,864],{"class":70},[48,135129,67],{"class":66},[48,135131,87],{"class":62},[48,135133,79],{"class":66},[48,135135,31134],{"class":70},[48,135137,67],{"class":66},[48,135139,87],{"class":62},[48,135141,79],{"class":66},[48,135143,135144],{"class":70},"C",[48,135146,67],{"class":66},[48,135148,1465],{"class":62},[48,135150,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135166],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135152,276],{"class":147},[48,135154,151],{"class":62},[48,135156,7047],{"class":66},[48,135158,134],{"class":62},[48,135160,134065],{"class":137},[48,135162,151],{"class":62},[48,135164,135165],{"class":137},"chars",[48,135167,670],{"class":62},[20,135169,168],{},[39,135171,135173],{"className":41,"code":135172,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ABC\n",[15,135174,135175],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135176,135177],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135178,135172],{"class":34989},[34,135180,135182],{"id":135181},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,135184,135185,135187],{},[15,135186,133988],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1752,135189,135191],{"id":135190},"this-works","This works",[39,135193,135195],{"className":41,"code":135194,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135196,135197,135229],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135198,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135200,4605],{"class":54},[48,135202,59],{"class":58},[48,135204,4404],{"class":62},[48,135206,67],{"class":66},[48,135208,3114],{"class":70},[48,135210,67],{"class":66},[48,135212,87],{"class":62},[48,135214,79],{"class":66},[48,135216,16483],{"class":70},[48,135218,67],{"class":66},[48,135220,87],{"class":62},[48,135222,79],{"class":66},[48,135224,37381],{"class":70},[48,135226,67],{"class":66},[48,135228,1465],{"class":62},[48,135230,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135232,276],{"class":147},[48,135234,151],{"class":62},[48,135236,67],{"class":66},[48,135238,2973],{"class":70},[48,135240,67],{"class":66},[48,135242,134],{"class":62},[48,135244,134065],{"class":137},[48,135246,151],{"class":62},[48,135248,1415],{"class":137},[48,135250,670],{"class":62},[20,135252,168],{},[39,135254,135256],{"className":41,"code":135255,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,135257,135258],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135259,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135261,3114],{"class":99},[48,135263,87],{"class":62},[48,135265,2506],{"class":99},[48,135267,87],{"class":62},[48,135269,135270],{"class":99}," 30\n",[1752,135272,135274],{"id":135273},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[39,135276,135278],{"className":41,"code":135277,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135279,135280,135300],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135281,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135283,4605],{"class":54},[48,135285,59],{"class":58},[48,135287,4404],{"class":62},[48,135289,3770],{"class":99},[48,135291,87],{"class":62},[48,135293,632],{"class":99},[48,135295,87],{"class":62},[48,135297,800],{"class":99},[48,135299,1465],{"class":62},[48,135301,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135303,276],{"class":147},[48,135305,151],{"class":62},[48,135307,67],{"class":66},[48,135309,2973],{"class":70},[48,135311,67],{"class":66},[48,135313,134],{"class":62},[48,135315,134065],{"class":137},[48,135317,151],{"class":62},[48,135319,1415],{"class":137},[48,135321,670],{"class":62},[20,135323,90862,135324,135326],{},[15,135325,3787],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,135328,135329],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[39,135331,135333],{"className":41,"code":135332,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135334,135335,135355,135385,135389],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135336,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135338,4605],{"class":54},[48,135340,59],{"class":58},[48,135342,4404],{"class":62},[48,135344,3770],{"class":99},[48,135346,87],{"class":62},[48,135348,632],{"class":99},[48,135350,87],{"class":62},[48,135352,800],{"class":99},[48,135354,1465],{"class":62},[48,135356,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135358,449],{"class":54},[48,135360,59],{"class":58},[48,135362,79],{"class":66},[48,135364,2973],{"class":70},[48,135366,67],{"class":66},[48,135368,134],{"class":62},[48,135370,134065],{"class":137},[48,135372,151],{"class":62},[48,135374,40401],{"class":147},[48,135376,151],{"class":62},[48,135378,4223],{"class":281},[48,135380,87],{"class":62},[48,135382,4667],{"class":137},[48,135384,670],{"class":62},[48,135386,135387],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,135388,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,135390,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,135392,276],{"class":147},[48,135394,151],{"class":62},[48,135396,474],{"class":137},[48,135398,162],{"class":62},[20,135400,168],{},[39,135402,135404],{"className":41,"code":135403,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,135405,135406],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135407,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135409,3770],{"class":99},[48,135411,87],{"class":62},[48,135413,632],{"class":99},[48,135415,87],{"class":62},[48,135417,698],{"class":99},[20,135419,135420,135421,134],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[348,135422,4356,135423,4289],{"href":42718},[15,135424,48229],{},[1752,135426,135428,135430],{"id":135427},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,135429,4560],{}," values do not work directly",[39,135432,135434],{"className":41,"code":135433,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,135435,135436,135464],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135437,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135439,4605],{"class":54},[48,135441,59],{"class":58},[48,135443,4404],{"class":62},[48,135445,67],{"class":66},[48,135447,1128],{"class":70},[48,135449,67],{"class":66},[48,135451,87],{"class":62},[48,135453,4635],{"class":1642},[48,135455,87],{"class":62},[48,135457,79],{"class":66},[48,135459,1146],{"class":70},[48,135461,67],{"class":66},[48,135463,1465],{"class":62},[48,135465,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135467,276],{"class":147},[48,135469,151],{"class":62},[48,135471,67],{"class":66},[48,135473,2973],{"class":70},[48,135475,67],{"class":66},[48,135477,134],{"class":62},[48,135479,134065],{"class":137},[48,135481,151],{"class":62},[48,135483,1415],{"class":137},[48,135485,670],{"class":62},[20,135487,135488,135489,134],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135490,3787],{},[20,135492,135493],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[39,135495,135497],{"className":41,"code":135496,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135498,135499,135527,135557,135561],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135500,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135502,4605],{"class":54},[48,135504,59],{"class":58},[48,135506,4404],{"class":62},[48,135508,67],{"class":66},[48,135510,1128],{"class":70},[48,135512,67],{"class":66},[48,135514,87],{"class":62},[48,135516,4635],{"class":1642},[48,135518,87],{"class":62},[48,135520,79],{"class":66},[48,135522,1146],{"class":70},[48,135524,67],{"class":66},[48,135526,1465],{"class":62},[48,135528,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135530,449],{"class":54},[48,135532,59],{"class":58},[48,135534,79],{"class":66},[48,135536,2973],{"class":70},[48,135538,67],{"class":66},[48,135540,134],{"class":62},[48,135542,134065],{"class":137},[48,135544,151],{"class":62},[48,135546,40401],{"class":147},[48,135548,151],{"class":62},[48,135550,4223],{"class":281},[48,135552,87],{"class":62},[48,135554,4667],{"class":137},[48,135556,670],{"class":62},[48,135558,135559],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,135560,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,135562,135563,135565,135567,135569],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,135564,276],{"class":147},[48,135566,151],{"class":62},[48,135568,474],{"class":137},[48,135570,162],{"class":62},[20,135572,168],{},[39,135574,135576],{"className":41,"code":135575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135577,135578],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135579,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135581,1128],{"class":54},[48,135583,87],{"class":62},[48,135585,4635],{"class":1642},[48,135587,87],{"class":62},[48,135589,135590],{"class":54}," banana\n",[20,135592,135593,135594,135596],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135595,4560],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1752,135598,135600,135602],{"id":135599},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135601,133988],{}," also works with tuples",[39,135604,135606],{"className":41,"code":135605,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135607,135608,135640],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135609,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636,135638],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135611,5776],{"class":54},[48,135613,59],{"class":58},[48,135615,330],{"class":62},[48,135617,67],{"class":66},[48,135619,8446],{"class":70},[48,135621,67],{"class":66},[48,135623,87],{"class":62},[48,135625,79],{"class":66},[48,135627,131994],{"class":70},[48,135629,67],{"class":66},[48,135631,87],{"class":62},[48,135633,79],{"class":66},[48,135635,846],{"class":70},[48,135637,67],{"class":66},[48,135639,162],{"class":62},[48,135641,135642,135644,135646,135648,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135661],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135643,276],{"class":147},[48,135645,151],{"class":62},[48,135647,67],{"class":66},[48,135649,135650],{"class":70}," \u002F ",[48,135652,67],{"class":66},[48,135654,134],{"class":62},[48,135656,134065],{"class":137},[48,135658,151],{"class":62},[48,135660,5818],{"class":137},[48,135662,670],{"class":62},[20,135664,168],{},[39,135666,135668],{"className":41,"code":135667,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135669,135670],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135671,135672,135675,135677,135680,135682],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135673,135674],{"class":54},"Sam ",[48,135676,127798],{"class":58},[48,135678,135679],{"class":54}," Lee ",[48,135681,127798],{"class":58},[48,135683,957],{"class":54},[34,135685,135687,135688],{"id":135686},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135689,133988],{},[20,135691,135692],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1752,135694,135696,135697,135699],{"id":135695},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135698,3787],{}," because not all items are strings",[39,135701,135703],{"className":41,"code":135702,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135704,135705,135733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135706,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715,135717,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135708,8549],{"class":54},[48,135710,59],{"class":58},[48,135712,4404],{"class":62},[48,135714,67],{"class":66},[48,135716,348],{"class":70},[48,135718,67],{"class":66},[48,135720,87],{"class":62},[48,135722,632],{"class":99},[48,135724,87],{"class":62},[48,135726,79],{"class":66},[48,135728,2265],{"class":70},[48,135730,67],{"class":66},[48,135732,1465],{"class":62},[48,135734,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743,135745,135747,135749,135751],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135736,276],{"class":147},[48,135738,151],{"class":62},[48,135740,67],{"class":66},[48,135742,79],{"class":66},[48,135744,134],{"class":62},[48,135746,134065],{"class":137},[48,135748,151],{"class":62},[48,135750,138],{"class":137},[48,135752,670],{"class":62},[20,135754,49056,135755,135757],{},[15,135756,2842],{}," is an integer.",[20,135759,39803],{},[39,135761,135763],{"className":41,"code":135762,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135764,135765,135793],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135766,135767,135769,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779,135781,135783,135785,135787,135789,135791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135768,8549],{"class":54},[48,135770,59],{"class":58},[48,135772,4404],{"class":62},[48,135774,67],{"class":66},[48,135776,348],{"class":70},[48,135778,67],{"class":66},[48,135780,87],{"class":62},[48,135782,632],{"class":99},[48,135784,87],{"class":62},[48,135786,79],{"class":66},[48,135788,2265],{"class":70},[48,135790,67],{"class":66},[48,135792,1465],{"class":62},[48,135794,135795,135797,135799,135801,135803,135805,135807,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135796,276],{"class":147},[48,135798,151],{"class":62},[48,135800,67],{"class":66},[48,135802,79],{"class":66},[48,135804,134],{"class":62},[48,135806,134065],{"class":137},[48,135808,151],{"class":62},[48,135810,40401],{"class":147},[48,135812,151],{"class":62},[48,135814,4223],{"class":281},[48,135816,87],{"class":62},[48,135818,6741],{"class":137},[48,135820,3693],{"class":62},[20,135822,135823,135824,134],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[348,135825,26211,135827],{"href":135826},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135828,135829],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1752,135831,135833,135834,135836],{"id":135832},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135835,133988],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135838,5307],{},[39,135840,135842],{"className":41,"code":135841,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135843,135844,135876],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135845,135846,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135847,4852],{"class":54},[48,135849,59],{"class":58},[48,135851,4404],{"class":62},[48,135853,67],{"class":66},[48,135855,8066],{"class":70},[48,135857,67],{"class":66},[48,135859,87],{"class":62},[48,135861,79],{"class":66},[48,135863,12939],{"class":70},[48,135865,67],{"class":66},[48,135867,87],{"class":62},[48,135869,79],{"class":66},[48,135871,134046],{"class":70},[48,135873,67],{"class":66},[48,135875,1465],{"class":62},[48,135877,135878,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135879,449],{"class":54},[48,135881,59],{"class":58},[48,135883,6943],{"class":54},[48,135885,134],{"class":62},[48,135887,134065],{"class":137},[48,135889,151],{"class":62},[48,135891,67],{"class":66},[48,135893,79],{"class":66},[48,135895,162],{"class":62},[20,135897,135898,135900],{},[15,135899,133988],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135902,11559],{},[39,135904,135906],{"className":41,"code":135905,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135907,135908,135940,135960,135964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135909,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135911,4852],{"class":54},[48,135913,59],{"class":58},[48,135915,4404],{"class":62},[48,135917,67],{"class":66},[48,135919,8066],{"class":70},[48,135921,67],{"class":66},[48,135923,87],{"class":62},[48,135925,79],{"class":66},[48,135927,12939],{"class":70},[48,135929,67],{"class":66},[48,135931,87],{"class":62},[48,135933,79],{"class":66},[48,135935,134046],{"class":70},[48,135937,67],{"class":66},[48,135939,1465],{"class":62},[48,135941,135942,135944,135946,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,135943,449],{"class":54},[48,135945,59],{"class":58},[48,135947,79],{"class":66},[48,135949,79],{"class":66},[48,135951,134],{"class":62},[48,135953,134065],{"class":137},[48,135955,151],{"class":62},[48,135957,4894],{"class":137},[48,135959,162],{"class":62},[48,135961,135962],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,135963,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,135965,135966,135968,135970,135972],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,135967,276],{"class":147},[48,135969,151],{"class":62},[48,135971,474],{"class":137},[48,135973,162],{"class":62},[1752,135975,135977],{"id":135976},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[39,135979,135981],{"className":41,"code":135980,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135982,135983,136015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135984,135985,135987,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135986,4852],{"class":54},[48,135988,59],{"class":58},[48,135990,4404],{"class":62},[48,135992,67],{"class":66},[48,135994,7355],{"class":70},[48,135996,67],{"class":66},[48,135998,87],{"class":62},[48,136000,79],{"class":66},[48,136002,79822],{"class":70},[48,136004,67],{"class":66},[48,136006,87],{"class":62},[48,136008,79],{"class":66},[48,136010,134792],{"class":70},[48,136012,67],{"class":66},[48,136014,1465],{"class":62},[48,136016,136017,136019,136021,136023,136025,136027,136029,136031],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,136018,276],{"class":147},[48,136020,151],{"class":62},[48,136022,7047],{"class":66},[48,136024,134],{"class":62},[48,136026,134065],{"class":137},[48,136028,151],{"class":62},[48,136030,4894],{"class":137},[48,136032,670],{"class":62},[20,136034,168],{},[39,136036,136038],{"className":41,"code":136037,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"onetwothree\n",[15,136039,136040],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136041,136042],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136043,136037],{"class":54},[20,136045,136046,136047,7401],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,136048,134133],{},[1752,136050,136052,136053,132256],{"id":136051},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,136054,133988],{},[39,136056,136058],{"className":41,"code":136057,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,136059,136060,136092,136110,136114],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136061,136062,136064,136066,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076,136078,136080,136082,136084,136086,136088,136090],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136063,4852],{"class":54},[48,136065,59],{"class":58},[48,136067,4404],{"class":62},[48,136069,67],{"class":66},[48,136071,348],{"class":70},[48,136073,67],{"class":66},[48,136075,87],{"class":62},[48,136077,79],{"class":66},[48,136079,2059],{"class":70},[48,136081,67],{"class":66},[48,136083,87],{"class":62},[48,136085,79],{"class":66},[48,136087,2265],{"class":70},[48,136089,67],{"class":66},[48,136091,1465],{"class":62},[48,136093,136094,136096,136098,136100,136102,136104,136106,136108],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,136095,67],{"class":43872},[48,136097,2807],{"class":43876},[48,136099,67],{"class":43872},[48,136101,134],{"class":62},[48,136103,134065],{"class":137},[48,136105,151],{"class":62},[48,136107,4894],{"class":137},[48,136109,162],{"class":62},[48,136111,136112],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,136113,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,136115,136116,136118,136120,136122],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,136117,276],{"class":147},[48,136119,151],{"class":62},[48,136121,4894],{"class":137},[48,136123,162],{"class":62},[20,136125,168],{},[39,136127,136128],{"className":41,"code":43419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,136129,136130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136131,136132,136134,136136,136138,136140,136142,136144,136146,136148,136150,136152,136154,136156],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136133,682],{"class":62},[48,136135,311],{"class":66},[48,136137,348],{"class":70},[48,136139,311],{"class":66},[48,136141,87],{"class":62},[48,136143,320],{"class":66},[48,136145,2059],{"class":70},[48,136147,311],{"class":66},[48,136149,87],{"class":62},[48,136151,320],{"class":66},[48,136153,2265],{"class":70},[48,136155,311],{"class":66},[48,136157,1465],{"class":62},[20,136159,136160,136161,136163],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,136162,133988],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[34,136165,136167,136169,136170],{"id":136166},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,136168,133988],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,136171,2845],{},[20,136173,11344,136174,5174,136176,136178],{},[15,136175,133988],{},[15,136177,2845],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1752,136180,189,136182,136184],{"id":136181},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,136183,2845],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[39,136186,136188],{"className":41,"code":136187,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136189,136190,136203,136216,136236,136240],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136191,136192,136195,136197,136199,136201],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136193,136194],{"class":54},"first ",[48,136196,59],{"class":58},[48,136198,79],{"class":66},[48,136200,35404],{"class":70},[48,136202,4138],{"class":66},[48,136204,136205,136208,136210,136212,136214],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,136206,136207],{"class":54},"second ",[48,136209,59],{"class":58},[48,136211,79],{"class":66},[48,136213,90291],{"class":70},[48,136215,4138],{"class":66},[48,136217,136218,136220,136222,136225,136227,136229,136231,136233],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,136219,449],{"class":54},[48,136221,59],{"class":58},[48,136223,136224],{"class":54}," first ",[48,136226,2845],{"class":58},[48,136228,79],{"class":66},[48,136230,79],{"class":66},[48,136232,3238],{"class":58},[48,136234,136235],{"class":54}," second\n",[48,136237,136238],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,136239,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,136241,136242,136244,136246,136248],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,136243,276],{"class":147},[48,136245,151],{"class":62},[48,136247,474],{"class":137},[48,136249,162],{"class":62},[20,136251,168],{},[39,136253,136255],{"className":41,"code":136254,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello World\n",[15,136256,136257],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136258,136259],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136260,136254],{"class":54},[1752,136262,189,136264,136266],{"id":136263},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,136265,133988],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[39,136268,136270],{"className":41,"code":136269,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,136271,136272,136314,136334,136338],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136273,136274,136276,136278,136280,136282,136284,136286,136288,136290,136293,136295,136297,136299,136302,136304,136306,136308,136310,136312],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136275,4852],{"class":54},[48,136277,59],{"class":58},[48,136279,4404],{"class":62},[48,136281,67],{"class":66},[48,136283,8066],{"class":70},[48,136285,67],{"class":66},[48,136287,87],{"class":62},[48,136289,79],{"class":66},[48,136291,136292],{"class":70},"makes",[48,136294,67],{"class":66},[48,136296,87],{"class":62},[48,136298,79],{"class":66},[48,136300,136301],{"class":70},"this",[48,136303,67],{"class":66},[48,136305,87],{"class":62},[48,136307,79],{"class":66},[48,136309,134487],{"class":70},[48,136311,67],{"class":66},[48,136313,1465],{"class":62},[48,136315,136316,136318,136320,136322,136324,136326,136328,136330,136332],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,136317,449],{"class":54},[48,136319,59],{"class":58},[48,136321,79],{"class":66},[48,136323,79],{"class":66},[48,136325,134],{"class":62},[48,136327,134065],{"class":137},[48,136329,151],{"class":62},[48,136331,4894],{"class":137},[48,136333,162],{"class":62},[48,136335,136336],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,136337,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,136339,136340,136342,136344,136346],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,136341,276],{"class":147},[48,136343,151],{"class":62},[48,136345,474],{"class":137},[48,136347,162],{"class":62},[20,136349,168],{},[39,136351,136353],{"className":41,"code":136352,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,136354,136355],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136356,136357],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136358,136352],{"class":54},[20,136360,136361,136363],{},[15,136362,133988],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[209,136365,136366,136369,136372],{},[212,136367,136368],{},"You already have a list of strings",[212,136370,136371],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[212,136373,136374,136375,136377],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,136376,2845],{}," operators",[20,136379,136380,136381,134],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[348,136382,136384],{"href":136383},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[34,136386,136388],{"id":136387},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,136390,9642,136391,136393],{},[15,136392,133988],{}," is not working, check these first:",[209,136395,136396,136399,136404,136413,136419],{},[212,136397,136398],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[212,136400,136401,136402],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,136403,4560],{},[212,136405,136406,136407,11844,136410],{},"You may have written ",[15,136408,136409],{},"list.join(...)",[15,136411,136412],{},"string.join(...)",[212,136414,136415,136416,136418],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,136417,133988],{}," to change the original iterable",[212,136420,136421],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,136423,94931],{},[39,136425,136427],{"className":41,"code":136426,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,136428,136429,136443,136453,136477,136517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136430,136431,136433,136435,136437,136439,136441],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136432,276],{"class":147},[48,136434,151],{"class":62},[48,136436,2094],{"class":281},[48,136438,151],{"class":62},[48,136440,138],{"class":137},[48,136442,670],{"class":62},[48,136444,136445,136447,136449,136451],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,136446,276],{"class":147},[48,136448,151],{"class":62},[48,136450,138],{"class":137},[48,136452,162],{"class":62},[48,136454,136455,136457,136459,136461,136463,136465,136467,136469,136471,136473,136475],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,136456,276],{"class":147},[48,136458,3767],{"class":62},[48,136460,2094],{"class":281},[48,136462,151],{"class":62},[48,136464,1967],{"class":137},[48,136466,4442],{"class":62},[48,136468,4659],{"class":116},[48,136470,1948],{"class":137},[48,136472,128],{"class":116},[48,136474,6741],{"class":137},[48,136476,4670],{"class":62},[48,136478,136479,136481,136483,136485,136487,136489,136491,136493,136495,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505,136507,136509,136511,136513,136515],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,136480,276],{"class":147},[48,136482,151],{"class":62},[48,136484,311],{"class":66},[48,136486,320],{"class":66},[48,136488,134],{"class":62},[48,136490,134065],{"class":137},[48,136492,3767],{"class":62},[48,136494,311],{"class":66},[48,136496,348],{"class":70},[48,136498,311],{"class":66},[48,136500,87],{"class":62},[48,136502,320],{"class":66},[48,136504,2059],{"class":70},[48,136506,311],{"class":66},[48,136508,87],{"class":62},[48,136510,320],{"class":66},[48,136512,2265],{"class":70},[48,136514,311],{"class":66},[48,136516,3781],{"class":62},[48,136518,136519,136521,136523,136525,136527,136529,136531,136533,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549,136551,136553,136555],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,136520,276],{"class":147},[48,136522,151],{"class":62},[48,136524,311],{"class":66},[48,136526,2973],{"class":70},[48,136528,311],{"class":66},[48,136530,134],{"class":62},[48,136532,134065],{"class":137},[48,136534,151],{"class":62},[48,136536,40401],{"class":147},[48,136538,151],{"class":62},[48,136540,4223],{"class":281},[48,136542,87],{"class":62},[48,136544,4404],{"class":62},[48,136546,3770],{"class":99},[48,136548,87],{"class":62},[48,136550,632],{"class":99},[48,136552,87],{"class":62},[48,136554,800],{"class":99},[48,136556,37805],{"class":62},[20,136558,136559],{},"What these checks do:",[209,136561,136562,136570,136576,136582,136591],{},[212,136563,136564,136567,136568,8863],{},[15,136565,136566],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136569,138],{},[212,136571,136572,136575],{},[15,136573,136574],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[212,136577,136578,136581],{},[15,136579,136580],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[212,136583,136584,136587,136588,136590],{},[15,136585,136586],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136589,133988],{}," behavior",[212,136592,136593,136596],{},[15,136594,136595],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[34,136598,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,136600,2606,136602,136604],{"id":136601},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136603,133988],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136606,136607,136608,136610,136611,134],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136609,133988],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136612,136613],{},"map(str, values)",[1752,136615,2606,136617,57712],{"id":136616},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136618,133988],{},[20,136620,136621],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1752,136623,28861,136625,63185],{"id":136624},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136626,133988],{},[20,136628,42695,136629,136631],{},[15,136630,133988],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1752,136633,5920,136635,40502],{"id":136634},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136636,136637],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136639,136640],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1752,136642,136644,136645,136647,136648,2623],{"id":136643},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136646,3787],{}," when using ",[15,136649,133988],{},[20,136651,136652],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[34,136654,2679],{"id":2678},[209,136656,136657,136662,136668,136674,136680],{},[212,136658,136659],{},[348,136660,136661],{"href":136383},"How to join strings in Python",[212,136663,136664],{},[348,136665,126906,136666,2689],{"href":129593},[15,136667,61081],{},[212,136669,136670],{},[348,136671,4356,136672,4289],{"href":42718},[15,136673,48229],{},[212,136675,136676],{},[348,136677,30881,136678],{"href":135826},[15,136679,135829],{},[212,136681,136682],{},[348,136683,125661],{"href":51522},[20,136685,97901,136686,136688],{},[15,136687,133988],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2711,136690,136691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":136693},[136694,136695,136697,136700,136707,136717,136725,136735,136742,136743,136755],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":134105,"depth":106,"text":136696},"What join() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":136698},[136699],{"id":49555,"depth":113,"text":49556},{"id":122436,"depth":106,"text":122437,"children":136701},[136702,136703,136704,136705],{"id":134452,"depth":113,"text":134453},{"id":134544,"depth":113,"text":134545},{"id":134645,"depth":113,"text":134646},{"id":134754,"depth":113,"text":136706},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134857,"depth":106,"text":134858,"children":136708},[136709,136711,136713,136715],{"id":134864,"depth":113,"text":136710},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134931,"depth":113,"text":136712},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":135020,"depth":113,"text":136714},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":135106,"depth":113,"text":136716},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":135181,"depth":106,"text":135182,"children":136718},[136719,136720,136721,136723],{"id":135190,"depth":113,"text":135191},{"id":135273,"depth":113,"text":135274},{"id":135427,"depth":113,"text":136722},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135599,"depth":113,"text":136724},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135686,"depth":106,"text":136726,"children":136727},"Common errors with join()",[136728,136730,136732,136733],{"id":135695,"depth":113,"text":136729},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135832,"depth":113,"text":136731},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135976,"depth":113,"text":135977},{"id":136051,"depth":113,"text":136734},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":136166,"depth":106,"text":136736,"children":136737},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136738,136740],{"id":136181,"depth":113,"text":136739},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":136263,"depth":113,"text":136741},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":136387,"depth":106,"text":136388},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":136744},[136745,136747,136749,136751,136753],{"id":136601,"depth":113,"text":136746},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136616,"depth":113,"text":136748},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136624,"depth":113,"text":136750},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136634,"depth":113,"text":136752},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136643,"depth":113,"text":136754},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133980,"description":136756},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136763,"title":136764,"body":136765,"description":138333,"extension":2749,"meta":138334,"navigation":109,"path":138335,"seo":138336,"stem":138337,"__hash__":138338},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136766,"toc":138300},[136767,136772,136777,136779,136793,136838,136845,136850,136855,136857,136873,136882,136884,136886,136901,136903,136913,136915,136977,136979,136982,137043,137045,137061,137063,137076,137079,137126,137128,137134,137137,137140,137200,137208,137294,137298,137303,137305,137319,137322,137407,137410,137468,137479,137534,137536,137543,137549,137555,137599,137602,137649,137651,137653,137660,137662,137693,137696,137698,137729,137733,137736,137738,137778,137780,137823,137829,137834,137836,137863,137868,137871,137920,137924,137927,138002,138013,138016,138073,138080,138086,138094,138099,138106,138113,138131,138133,138187,138195,138197,138202,138205,138211,138217,138222,138225,138231,138237,138244,138252,138254,138297],[10,136768,123906,136770,18],{"id":136769},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136771,124636],{},[20,136773,123911,136774,136776],{},[15,136775,124636],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136778,24618],{},[209,136780,136781,136784,136787,136790],{},[212,136782,136783],{},"convert text to lowercase",[212,136785,136786],{},"compare text without case differences",[212,136788,136789],{},"clean up user input",[212,136791,136792],{},"make simple text matching easier",[39,136794,136796],{"className":41,"code":136795,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136797,136798,136811,136825],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136799,136800,136802,136804,136806,136809],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136801,35224],{"class":54},[48,136803,59],{"class":58},[48,136805,79],{"class":66},[48,136807,136808],{"class":70},"Hello WORLD",[48,136810,4138],{"class":66},[48,136812,136813,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,136814,449],{"class":54},[48,136816,59],{"class":58},[48,136818,43385],{"class":54},[48,136820,134],{"class":62},[48,136822,9407],{"class":137},[48,136824,380],{"class":62},[48,136826,136827,136829,136831,136833,136835],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,136828,276],{"class":147},[48,136830,151],{"class":62},[48,136832,474],{"class":137},[48,136834,4442],{"class":62},[48,136836,136837],{"class":4445},"  # hello world\n",[20,136839,136840,89514,136842,136844],{},[166,136841,84372],{},[15,136843,124636],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[34,136846,196,136848,199],{"id":136847},"what-lower-does",[15,136849,124636],{},[20,136851,136852,136854],{},[15,136853,124636],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136856,13792],{},[209,136858,136859,136864,136867,136870],{},[212,136860,136861,136863],{},[15,136862,124636],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[212,136865,136866],{},"It works on string objects",[212,136868,136869],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[212,136871,136872],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136874,125658,136875,136879,136880,134],{},[348,136876,136878],{"href":136877},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[348,136881,51523],{"href":51522},[34,136883,360],{"id":359},[20,136885,2944],{},[39,136887,136889],{"className":41,"code":136888,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.lower()\n",[15,136890,136891],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136892,136893,136895,136897,136899],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136894,61724],{"class":54},[48,136896,134],{"class":62},[48,136898,9407],{"class":137},[48,136900,380],{"class":62},[20,136902,44194],{},[209,136904,136905,136907,136910],{},[212,136906,98079],{},[212,136908,136909],{},"You call it directly on a string",[212,136911,136912],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136914,226],{},[39,136916,136918],{"className":41,"code":136917,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136919,136920,136943,136947,136960],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136921,136922,136924,136926,136928,136931,136933,136935,136937,136940],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136923,276],{"class":147},[48,136925,151],{"class":62},[48,136927,67],{"class":66},[48,136929,136930],{"class":70},"HELLO",[48,136932,67],{"class":66},[48,136934,134],{"class":62},[48,136936,9407],{"class":137},[48,136938,136939],{"class":62},"())",[48,136941,136942],{"class":4445},"  # hello\n",[48,136944,136945],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,136946,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,136948,136949,136951,136953,136955,136958],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,136950,8645],{"class":54},[48,136952,59],{"class":58},[48,136954,79],{"class":66},[48,136956,136957],{"class":70},"PyThOn",[48,136959,4138],{"class":66},[48,136961,136962,136964,136966,136968,136970,136972,136974],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,136963,276],{"class":147},[48,136965,151],{"class":62},[48,136967,71],{"class":137},[48,136969,134],{"class":62},[48,136971,9407],{"class":137},[48,136973,136939],{"class":62},[48,136975,136976],{"class":4445},"  # python\n",[34,136978,12225],{"id":12224},[20,136980,136981],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[39,136983,136985],{"className":41,"code":136984,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136986,136987,136999,137003,137018,137022,137033],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136988,136989,136991,136993,136995,136997],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136990,35224],{"class":54},[48,136992,59],{"class":58},[48,136994,79],{"class":66},[48,136996,136808],{"class":70},[48,136998,4138],{"class":66},[48,137000,137001],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137002,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137004,137005,137008,137010,137012,137014,137016],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137006,137007],{"class":54},"lower_text ",[48,137009,59],{"class":58},[48,137011,43385],{"class":54},[48,137013,134],{"class":62},[48,137015,9407],{"class":137},[48,137017,380],{"class":62},[48,137019,137020],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137021,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137023,137024,137026,137028,137031],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,137025,276],{"class":147},[48,137027,151],{"class":62},[48,137029,137030],{"class":137},"lower_text",[48,137032,162],{"class":62},[48,137034,137035,137037,137039,137041],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,137036,276],{"class":147},[48,137038,151],{"class":62},[48,137040,35245],{"class":137},[48,137042,162],{"class":62},[20,137044,168],{},[39,137046,137048],{"className":41,"code":137047,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,137049,137050,137054],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137051,137052],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137053,134922],{"class":54},[48,137055,137056,137058],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137057,132322],{"class":54},[48,137059,137060],{"class":34989},"WORLD\n",[20,137062,25138],{},[209,137064,137065,137070],{},[212,137066,137067,137069],{},[15,137068,124636],{}," returns the lowercase result",[212,137071,137072,137073,137075],{},"the original ",[15,137074,35245],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,137077,137078],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[39,137080,137082],{"className":41,"code":137081,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,137083,137084,137096,137110,137114],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137085,137086,137088,137090,137092,137094],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137087,35224],{"class":54},[48,137089,59],{"class":58},[48,137091,79],{"class":66},[48,137093,136808],{"class":70},[48,137095,4138],{"class":66},[48,137097,137098,137100,137102,137104,137106,137108],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137099,35224],{"class":54},[48,137101,59],{"class":58},[48,137103,43385],{"class":54},[48,137105,134],{"class":62},[48,137107,9407],{"class":137},[48,137109,380],{"class":62},[48,137111,137112],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137113,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137115,137116,137118,137120,137122,137124],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137117,276],{"class":147},[48,137119,151],{"class":62},[48,137121,35245],{"class":137},[48,137123,4442],{"class":62},[48,137125,136837],{"class":4445},[34,137127,18143],{"id":18142},[20,137129,137130,573,137132,134],{},[15,137131,124636],{},[166,137133,61724],{},[20,137135,137136],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,137138,137139],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[39,137141,137143],{"className":41,"code":137142,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,137144,137145,137159,137163,137186],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137146,137147,137150,137152,137154,137157],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137148,137149],{"class":54},"answer ",[48,137151,59],{"class":58},[48,137153,79],{"class":66},[48,137155,137156],{"class":70},"YES",[48,137158,4138],{"class":66},[48,137160,137161],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137162,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137164,137165,137167,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178,137180,137182,137184],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137166,7767],{"class":116},[48,137168,137169],{"class":54}," answer",[48,137171,134],{"class":62},[48,137173,9407],{"class":137},[48,137175,8135],{"class":62},[48,137177,7181],{"class":58},[48,137179,79],{"class":66},[48,137181,9424],{"class":70},[48,137183,67],{"class":66},[48,137185,1053],{"class":62},[48,137187,137188,137190,137192,137194,137196,137198],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137189,148],{"class":147},[48,137191,151],{"class":62},[48,137193,67],{"class":66},[48,137195,97388],{"class":70},[48,137197,67],{"class":66},[48,137199,162],{"class":62},[20,137201,137202,137203,76],{},"This is especially useful with ",[348,137204,137205,137206,3086],{"href":8986},"the ",[15,137207,3739],{},[39,137209,137211],{"className":41,"code":137210,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,137212,137213,137232,137236,137258,137273,137279],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137214,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223,137225,137228,137230],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137216,137149],{"class":54},[48,137218,59],{"class":58},[48,137220,9009],{"class":147},[48,137222,151],{"class":62},[48,137224,67],{"class":66},[48,137226,137227],{"class":70},"Type yes or no: ",[48,137229,67],{"class":66},[48,137231,162],{"class":62},[48,137233,137234],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137235,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137237,137238,137240,137242,137244,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254,137256],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137239,7767],{"class":116},[48,137241,137169],{"class":54},[48,137243,134],{"class":62},[48,137245,9407],{"class":137},[48,137247,8135],{"class":62},[48,137249,7181],{"class":58},[48,137251,79],{"class":66},[48,137253,9424],{"class":70},[48,137255,67],{"class":66},[48,137257,1053],{"class":62},[48,137259,137260,137262,137264,137266,137269,137271],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137261,148],{"class":147},[48,137263,151],{"class":62},[48,137265,67],{"class":66},[48,137267,137268],{"class":70},"You typed yes",[48,137270,67],{"class":66},[48,137272,162],{"class":62},[48,137274,137275,137277],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,137276,27966],{"class":116},[48,137278,1053],{"class":62},[48,137280,137281,137283,137285,137287,137290,137292],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,137282,148],{"class":147},[48,137284,151],{"class":62},[48,137286,67],{"class":66},[48,137288,137289],{"class":70},"You typed something else",[48,137291,67],{"class":66},[48,137293,162],{"class":62},[34,137295,137297],{"id":137296},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,137299,137300,137302],{},[15,137301,124636],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,137304,8112],{},[209,137306,137307,137310,137313,137316],{},[212,137308,137309],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[212,137311,137312],{},"Make text matching easier",[212,137314,137315],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[212,137317,137318],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137320,137321],{},"Example: checking user input",[39,137323,137325],{"className":41,"code":137324,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137326,137327,137345,137349,137371,137386,137392],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137328,137329,137331,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341,137343],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137330,45503],{"class":54},[48,137332,59],{"class":58},[48,137334,9009],{"class":147},[48,137336,151],{"class":62},[48,137338,67],{"class":66},[48,137340,45514],{"class":70},[48,137342,67],{"class":66},[48,137344,162],{"class":62},[48,137346,137347],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137348,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137350,137351,137353,137355,137357,137359,137361,137363,137365,137367,137369],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137352,7767],{"class":116},[48,137354,36389],{"class":54},[48,137356,134],{"class":62},[48,137358,9407],{"class":137},[48,137360,8135],{"class":62},[48,137362,7181],{"class":58},[48,137364,79],{"class":66},[48,137366,13848],{"class":70},[48,137368,67],{"class":66},[48,137370,1053],{"class":62},[48,137372,137373,137375,137377,137379,137382,137384],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137374,148],{"class":147},[48,137376,151],{"class":62},[48,137378,67],{"class":66},[48,137380,137381],{"class":70},"Nice choice!",[48,137383,67],{"class":66},[48,137385,162],{"class":62},[48,137387,137388,137390],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,137389,27966],{"class":116},[48,137391,1053],{"class":62},[48,137393,137394,137396,137398,137400,137403,137405],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,137395,148],{"class":147},[48,137397,151],{"class":62},[48,137399,67],{"class":66},[48,137401,137402],{"class":70},"Got it.",[48,137404,67],{"class":66},[48,137406,162],{"class":62},[20,137408,137409],{},"Example: simple search",[39,137411,137413],{"className":41,"code":137412,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137414,137415,137428,137432,137453],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137416,137417,137419,137421,137423,137426],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137418,90558],{"class":54},[48,137420,59],{"class":58},[48,137422,79],{"class":66},[48,137424,137425],{"class":70},"Python Is Fun",[48,137427,4138],{"class":66},[48,137429,137430],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137431,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137433,137434,137436,137438,137440,137442,137444,137447,137449,137451],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137435,7767],{"class":116},[48,137437,79],{"class":66},[48,137439,43],{"class":70},[48,137441,67],{"class":66},[48,137443,21891],{"class":58},[48,137445,137446],{"class":54}," message",[48,137448,134],{"class":62},[48,137450,9407],{"class":137},[48,137452,141],{"class":62},[48,137454,137455,137457,137459,137461,137464,137466],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137456,148],{"class":147},[48,137458,151],{"class":62},[48,137460,67],{"class":66},[48,137462,137463],{"class":70},"Found it",[48,137465,67],{"class":66},[48,137467,162],{"class":62},[20,137469,137470,137471,137473,137474,76],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137472,124636],{}," is often used with ",[348,137475,137477],{"href":137476},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137478,42196],{},[39,137480,137482],{"className":41,"code":137481,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137483,137484,137497,137516,137520],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137485,137486,137488,137490,137492,137495],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137487,8645],{"class":54},[48,137489,59],{"class":58},[48,137491,79],{"class":66},[48,137493,137494],{"class":70},"  ALICE  ",[48,137496,4138],{"class":66},[48,137498,137499,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512,137514],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137500,137501],{"class":54},"clean_name ",[48,137503,59],{"class":58},[48,137505,36530],{"class":54},[48,137507,134],{"class":62},[48,137509,9401],{"class":137},[48,137511,9404],{"class":62},[48,137513,9407],{"class":137},[48,137515,380],{"class":62},[48,137517,137518],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137519,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137521,137522,137524,137526,137529,137531],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137523,276],{"class":147},[48,137525,151],{"class":62},[48,137527,137528],{"class":137},"clean_name",[48,137530,4442],{"class":62},[48,137532,137533],{"class":4445},"  # alice\n",[34,137535,16325],{"id":16324},[20,137537,137538,137539,137542],{},"Strings are ",[166,137540,137541],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137544,137545,137546,137548],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137547,124636],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137550,137551,137552,137554],{},"So this does ",[166,137553,5413],{}," update the original variable:",[39,137556,137558],{"className":41,"code":137557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137559,137560,137572,137582,137586],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137561,137562,137564,137566,137568,137570],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137563,35224],{"class":54},[48,137565,59],{"class":58},[48,137567,79],{"class":66},[48,137569,136930],{"class":70},[48,137571,4138],{"class":66},[48,137573,137574,137576,137578,137580],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137575,35245],{"class":54},[48,137577,134],{"class":62},[48,137579,9407],{"class":137},[48,137581,380],{"class":62},[48,137583,137584],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137585,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137587,137588,137590,137592,137594,137596],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137589,276],{"class":147},[48,137591,151],{"class":62},[48,137593,35245],{"class":137},[48,137595,4442],{"class":62},[48,137597,137598],{"class":4445},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137600,137601],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[39,137603,137605],{"className":41,"code":137604,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137606,137607,137619,137633,137637],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137608,137609,137611,137613,137615,137617],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137610,35224],{"class":54},[48,137612,59],{"class":58},[48,137614,79],{"class":66},[48,137616,136930],{"class":70},[48,137618,4138],{"class":66},[48,137620,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137622,35224],{"class":54},[48,137624,59],{"class":58},[48,137626,43385],{"class":54},[48,137628,134],{"class":62},[48,137630,9407],{"class":137},[48,137632,380],{"class":62},[48,137634,137635],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137636,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137638,137639,137641,137643,137645,137647],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137640,276],{"class":147},[48,137642,151],{"class":62},[48,137644,35245],{"class":137},[48,137646,4442],{"class":62},[48,137648,136942],{"class":4445},[34,137650,1745],{"id":1744},[1752,137652,26219],{"id":26218},[20,137654,137655,137656,11844,137658,134],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137657,9407],{},[15,137659,124636],{},[20,137661,17372],{},[39,137663,137665],{"className":41,"code":137664,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137666,137667,137679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137668,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137670,35224],{"class":54},[48,137672,59],{"class":58},[48,137674,79],{"class":66},[48,137676,136930],{"class":70},[48,137678,4138],{"class":66},[48,137680,137681,137683,137685,137687,137689,137691],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137682,276],{"class":147},[48,137684,151],{"class":62},[48,137686,35245],{"class":137},[48,137688,134],{"class":62},[48,137690,9407],{"class":25281},[48,137692,162],{"class":62},[20,137694,137695],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137697,17384],{},[39,137699,137701],{"className":41,"code":137700,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137702,137703,137715],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137704,137705,137707,137709,137711,137713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137706,35224],{"class":54},[48,137708,59],{"class":58},[48,137710,79],{"class":66},[48,137712,136930],{"class":70},[48,137714,4138],{"class":66},[48,137716,137717,137719,137721,137723,137725,137727],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137718,276],{"class":147},[48,137720,151],{"class":62},[48,137722,35245],{"class":137},[48,137724,134],{"class":62},[48,137726,9407],{"class":137},[48,137728,1203],{"class":62},[1752,137730,137732],{"id":137731},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137734,137735],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137737,17372],{},[39,137739,137741],{"className":41,"code":137740,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137742,137743,137755,137765],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137744,137745,137747,137749,137751,137753],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137746,35224],{"class":54},[48,137748,59],{"class":58},[48,137750,79],{"class":66},[48,137752,136930],{"class":70},[48,137754,4138],{"class":66},[48,137756,137757,137759,137761,137763],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137758,35245],{"class":54},[48,137760,134],{"class":62},[48,137762,9407],{"class":137},[48,137764,380],{"class":62},[48,137766,137767,137769,137771,137773,137775],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137768,276],{"class":147},[48,137770,151],{"class":62},[48,137772,35245],{"class":137},[48,137774,4442],{"class":62},[48,137776,137777],{"class":4445},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137779,17384],{},[39,137781,137783],{"className":41,"code":137782,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137784,137785,137797,137811],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137786,137787,137789,137791,137793,137795],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137788,35224],{"class":54},[48,137790,59],{"class":58},[48,137792,79],{"class":66},[48,137794,136930],{"class":70},[48,137796,4138],{"class":66},[48,137798,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137800,35224],{"class":54},[48,137802,59],{"class":58},[48,137804,43385],{"class":54},[48,137806,134],{"class":62},[48,137808,9407],{"class":137},[48,137810,380],{"class":62},[48,137812,137813,137815,137817,137819,137821],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137814,276],{"class":147},[48,137816,151],{"class":62},[48,137818,35245],{"class":137},[48,137820,4442],{"class":62},[48,137822,136942],{"class":4445},[1752,137824,9185,137826,137828],{"id":137825},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137827,124636],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137830,137831,137833],{},[15,137832,124636],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137835,17372],{},[39,137837,137839],{"className":41,"code":137838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137840,137841,137849],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137842,137843,137845,137847],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137844,3001],{"class":54},[48,137846,59],{"class":58},[48,137848,125588],{"class":99},[48,137850,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859,137861],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137852,276],{"class":147},[48,137854,151],{"class":62},[48,137856,3023],{"class":137},[48,137858,134],{"class":62},[48,137860,9407],{"class":137},[48,137862,1203],{"class":62},[20,137864,137865,137866,34136],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137867,124636],{},[20,137869,137870],{},"You can check the type first:",[39,137872,137874],{"className":41,"code":137873,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137875,137876,137888,137892,137906],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137877,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137879,35224],{"class":54},[48,137881,59],{"class":58},[48,137883,79],{"class":66},[48,137885,136930],{"class":70},[48,137887,4138],{"class":66},[48,137889,137890],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137891,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137893,137894,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137895,276],{"class":147},[48,137897,151],{"class":62},[48,137899,2094],{"class":281},[48,137901,151],{"class":62},[48,137903,35245],{"class":137},[48,137905,670],{"class":62},[48,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916,137918],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137909,276],{"class":147},[48,137911,151],{"class":62},[48,137913,35245],{"class":137},[48,137915,134],{"class":62},[48,137917,9407],{"class":137},[48,137919,1203],{"class":62},[1752,137921,137923],{"id":137922},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137925,137926],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[39,137928,137930],{"className":41,"code":137929,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137931,137932,137945,137949,137966,137981,137987],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137933,137934,137936,137938,137940,137943],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137935,137149],{"class":54},[48,137937,59],{"class":58},[48,137939,79],{"class":66},[48,137941,137942],{"class":70},"Yes",[48,137944,4138],{"class":66},[48,137946,137947],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,137948,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,137950,137951,137953,137956,137958,137960,137962,137964],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,137952,7767],{"class":116},[48,137954,137955],{"class":54}," answer ",[48,137957,2308],{"class":58},[48,137959,79],{"class":66},[48,137961,9424],{"class":70},[48,137963,67],{"class":66},[48,137965,1053],{"class":62},[48,137967,137968,137970,137972,137974,137977,137979],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,137969,148],{"class":147},[48,137971,151],{"class":62},[48,137973,67],{"class":66},[48,137975,137976],{"class":70},"Match",[48,137978,67],{"class":66},[48,137980,162],{"class":62},[48,137982,137983,137985],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,137984,27966],{"class":116},[48,137986,1053],{"class":62},[48,137988,137989,137991,137993,137995,137998,138000],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,137990,148],{"class":147},[48,137992,151],{"class":62},[48,137994,67],{"class":66},[48,137996,137997],{"class":70},"No match",[48,137999,67],{"class":66},[48,138001,162],{"class":62},[20,138003,29594,138004,5174,138007,138010,138011,134],{},[15,138005,138006],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,138008,138009],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,138012,137997],{},[20,138014,138015],{},"Better:",[39,138017,138019],{"className":41,"code":138018,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,138020,138021,138033,138037,138059],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138022,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138024,137149],{"class":54},[48,138026,59],{"class":58},[48,138028,79],{"class":66},[48,138030,137942],{"class":70},[48,138032,4138],{"class":66},[48,138034,138035],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138036,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,138038,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,138040,7767],{"class":116},[48,138042,137169],{"class":54},[48,138044,134],{"class":62},[48,138046,9407],{"class":137},[48,138048,8135],{"class":62},[48,138050,7181],{"class":58},[48,138052,79],{"class":66},[48,138054,9424],{"class":70},[48,138056,67],{"class":66},[48,138058,1053],{"class":62},[48,138060,138061,138063,138065,138067,138069,138071],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,138062,148],{"class":147},[48,138064,151],{"class":62},[48,138066,67],{"class":66},[48,138068,137976],{"class":70},[48,138070,67],{"class":66},[48,138072,162],{"class":62},[1752,138074,44757,138076,138079],{"id":138075},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,138077,138078],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,138081,138082,138083,138085],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,138084,124636],{}," is enough.",[20,138087,138088,138089,138091,138092,134],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,138090,138078],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,138093,124636],{},[20,138095,138096,138097,123148],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,138098,124636],{},[34,138100,138102,1306,138104],{"id":138101},"lower-vs-upper",[15,138103,124636],{},[15,138105,128784],{},[20,138107,138108,5174,138110,138112],{},[15,138109,124636],{},[15,138111,128784],{}," are very similar.",[209,138114,138115,138120,138125,138128],{},[212,138116,138117,138119],{},[15,138118,124636],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[212,138121,138122,138124],{},[15,138123,128784],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[212,138126,138127],{},"Both return new strings",[212,138129,138130],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,138132,226],{},[39,138134,138136],{"className":41,"code":138135,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,138137,138138,138150,138154,138170],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138139,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138141,35224],{"class":54},[48,138143,59],{"class":58},[48,138145,79],{"class":66},[48,138147,129625],{"class":70},[48,138149,4138],{"class":66},[48,138151,138152],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138153,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,138155,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,138157,276],{"class":147},[48,138159,151],{"class":62},[48,138161,35245],{"class":137},[48,138163,134],{"class":62},[48,138165,9407],{"class":137},[48,138167,136939],{"class":62},[48,138169,136837],{"class":4445},[48,138171,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180,138182,138184],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,138173,276],{"class":147},[48,138175,151],{"class":62},[48,138177,35245],{"class":137},[48,138179,134],{"class":62},[48,138181,35014],{"class":137},[48,138183,136939],{"class":62},[48,138185,138186],{"class":4445},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,138188,138189,138190,134],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[348,138191,126906,138193,2689],{"href":138192},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,138194,128784],{},[34,138196,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,138198,2606,138200,125233],{"id":138199},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,138201,124636],{},[20,138203,138204],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1752,138206,2606,138208,138210],{"id":138207},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,138209,124636],{}," take any arguments?",[20,138212,138213,138214,134],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,138215,138216],{},"string.lower()",[1752,138218,5920,138220,13459],{"id":138219},"what-does-lower-return",[15,138221,124636],{},[20,138223,138224],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1752,138226,28861,138228,138230],{"id":138227},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,138229,124636],{}," on user input?",[20,138232,138233,138234,138236],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,138235,3739],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1752,138238,5957,138240,5174,138242,2623],{"id":138239},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,138241,124636],{},[15,138243,138078],{},[20,138245,138246,138248,138249,138251],{},[15,138247,124636],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,138250,138078],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[34,138253,2679],{"id":2678},[209,138255,138256,138260,138266,138272,138278,138282,138286,138292],{},[212,138257,138258],{},[348,138259,51523],{"href":51522},[212,138261,138262],{},[348,138263,126906,138264,2689],{"href":138192},[15,138265,128784],{},[212,138267,138268],{},[348,138269,126906,138270,2689],{"href":137476},[15,138271,42196],{},[212,138273,138274],{},[348,138275,126906,138276,2689],{"href":130487},[15,138277,125077],{},[212,138279,138280],{},[348,138281,125305],{"href":124161},[212,138283,138284],{},[348,138285,91234],{"href":90243},[212,138287,138288],{},[348,138289,4356,138290,4289],{"href":8986},[15,138291,3739],{},[212,138293,138294],{},[348,138295,138296],{"href":136877},"What is a string in Python?",[2711,138298,138299],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":138301},[138302,138304,138305,138306,138307,138308,138309,138318,138320,138332],{"id":136847,"depth":106,"text":138303},"What lower() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":137296,"depth":106,"text":137297},{"id":16324,"depth":106,"text":16325},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":138310},[138311,138312,138313,138315,138316],{"id":26218,"depth":113,"text":26219},{"id":137731,"depth":113,"text":137732},{"id":137825,"depth":113,"text":138314},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137922,"depth":113,"text":137923},{"id":138075,"depth":113,"text":138317},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":138101,"depth":106,"text":138319},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":138321},[138322,138324,138326,138328,138330],{"id":138199,"depth":113,"text":138323},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138207,"depth":113,"text":138325},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138219,"depth":113,"text":138327},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138227,"depth":113,"text":138329},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138239,"depth":113,"text":138331},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136764,"description":138333},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138340,"title":138341,"body":138342,"description":139892,"extension":2749,"meta":139893,"navigation":109,"path":139894,"seo":139895,"stem":139896,"__hash__":139897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138343,"toc":139853},[138344,138349,138354,138360,138375,138377,138437,138439,138448,138454,138459,138464,138466,138480,138484,138486,138533,138535,138553,138555,138558,138629,138631,138645,138648,138660,138669,138673,138678,138683,138687,138753,138755,138764,138768,138833,138835,138844,138847,138852,138856,138861,138865,138926,138928,138937,138941,138944,139000,139002,139011,139014,139027,139029,139033,139040,139102,139104,139117,139123,139126,139133,139138,139143,139146,139154,139156,139217,139219,139228,139231,139278,139281,139328,139330,139335,139352,139359,139364,139417,139419,139427,139429,139486,139488,139496,139500,139547,139549,139557,139565,139569,139617,139619,139628,139633,139684,139686,139695,139702,139705,139726,139728,139733,139736,139740,139743,139747,139750,139777,139783,139786,139813,139818,139820,139822,139850],[10,138345,123906,138347,18],{"id":138346},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138348,125077],{},[20,138350,123911,138351,138353],{},[15,138352,125077],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138355,138356,138357,138359],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138358,125077],{},". You will learn:",[209,138361,138362,138366,138369,138372],{},[212,138363,26551,138364,199],{},[15,138365,125077],{},[212,138367,138368],{},"how its syntax works",[212,138370,138371],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[212,138373,138374],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[34,138376,37],{"id":36},[39,138378,138380],{"className":41,"code":138379,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138381,138382,138395,138427],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138383,138384,138386,138388,138390,138393],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138385,35224],{"class":54},[48,138387,59],{"class":58},[48,138389,79],{"class":66},[48,138391,138392],{"class":70},"I like cats",[48,138394,4138],{"class":66},[48,138396,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138414,138416,138418,138420,138423,138425],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138398,130745],{"class":54},[48,138400,59],{"class":58},[48,138402,43385],{"class":54},[48,138404,134],{"class":62},[48,138406,35536],{"class":137},[48,138408,151],{"class":62},[48,138410,67],{"class":66},[48,138412,138413],{"class":70},"cats",[48,138415,67],{"class":66},[48,138417,87],{"class":62},[48,138419,79],{"class":66},[48,138421,138422],{"class":70},"dogs",[48,138424,67],{"class":66},[48,138426,162],{"class":62},[48,138428,138429,138431,138433,138435],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,138430,276],{"class":147},[48,138432,151],{"class":62},[48,138434,130776],{"class":137},[48,138436,162],{"class":62},[20,138438,168],{},[39,138440,138442],{"className":41,"code":138441,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"I like dogs\n",[15,138443,138444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138445,138446],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138447,138441],{"class":54},[20,138449,189,138450,138453],{},[15,138451,138452],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[34,138455,196,138457,199],{"id":138456},"what-replace-does",[15,138458,125077],{},[20,138460,138461,138463],{},[15,138462,125077],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138465,13792],{},[209,138467,138468,138470,138472,138475],{},[212,138469,134154],{},[212,138471,136872],{},[212,138473,138474],{},"It works on exact matches",[212,138476,138477,138478],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138479,41802],{},[20,138481,125658,138482,134],{},[348,138483,125661],{"href":51522},[34,138485,6209],{"id":6208},[39,138487,138489],{"className":41,"code":138488,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138490,138491,138511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138492,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501,138504,138506,138509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138494,61724],{"class":54},[48,138496,134],{"class":62},[48,138498,35536],{"class":137},[48,138500,151],{"class":62},[48,138502,138503],{"class":137},"old",[48,138505,87],{"class":62},[48,138507,138508],{"class":137}," new",[48,138510,162],{"class":62},[48,138512,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138514,61724],{"class":54},[48,138516,134],{"class":62},[48,138518,35536],{"class":137},[48,138520,151],{"class":62},[48,138522,138503],{"class":137},[48,138524,87],{"class":62},[48,138526,138508],{"class":137},[48,138528,87],{"class":62},[48,138530,50148],{"class":137},[48,138532,162],{"class":62},[1752,138534,18119],{"id":18118},[209,138536,138537,138542,138548],{},[212,138538,138539,138541],{},[15,138540,138503],{}," = the text to find",[212,138543,138544,138547],{},[15,138545,138546],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[212,138549,138550,138552],{},[15,138551,41802],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[34,138554,6564],{"id":6563},[20,138556,138557],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[39,138559,138561],{"className":41,"code":138560,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138562,138563,138575,138605,138609,138619],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138564,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138566,35224],{"class":54},[48,138568,59],{"class":58},[48,138570,79],{"class":66},[48,138572,138392],{"class":70},[48,138574,4138],{"class":66},[48,138576,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138578,130745],{"class":54},[48,138580,59],{"class":58},[48,138582,43385],{"class":54},[48,138584,134],{"class":62},[48,138586,35536],{"class":137},[48,138588,151],{"class":62},[48,138590,67],{"class":66},[48,138592,138413],{"class":70},[48,138594,67],{"class":66},[48,138596,87],{"class":62},[48,138598,79],{"class":66},[48,138600,138422],{"class":70},[48,138602,67],{"class":66},[48,138604,162],{"class":62},[48,138606,138607],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,138608,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,138610,138611,138613,138615,138617],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,138612,276],{"class":147},[48,138614,151],{"class":62},[48,138616,35245],{"class":137},[48,138618,162],{"class":62},[48,138620,138621,138623,138625,138627],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,138622,276],{"class":147},[48,138624,151],{"class":62},[48,138626,130776],{"class":137},[48,138628,162],{"class":62},[20,138630,168],{},[39,138632,138634],{"className":41,"code":138633,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138635,138636,138641],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138637,138638],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138639,138640],{"class":54},"I like cats\n",[48,138642,138643],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138644,138441],{"class":54},[20,138646,138647],{},"Notice what happened:",[209,138649,138650,138655],{},[212,138651,138652,138654],{},[15,138653,35245],{}," did not change",[212,138656,138657,138659],{},[15,138658,130776],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138661,138662,138663,138665,138666,138668],{},"This happens because strings are ",[166,138664,137541],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138667,125077],{}," return a new string instead.",[34,138670,138672],{"id":138671},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138674,90252,138675,138677],{},[15,138676,125077],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138679,138680,138681,37161],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138682,41802],{},[1752,138684,138686],{"id":138685},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[39,138688,138690],{"className":41,"code":138689,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138691,138692,138705,138739,138743],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138693,138694,138696,138698,138700,138703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138695,35224],{"class":54},[48,138697,59],{"class":58},[48,138699,79],{"class":66},[48,138701,138702],{"class":70},"cat cat cat",[48,138704,4138],{"class":66},[48,138706,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138708,449],{"class":54},[48,138710,59],{"class":58},[48,138712,43385],{"class":54},[48,138714,134],{"class":62},[48,138716,35536],{"class":137},[48,138718,151],{"class":62},[48,138720,67],{"class":66},[48,138722,37587],{"class":70},[48,138724,67],{"class":66},[48,138726,87],{"class":62},[48,138728,79],{"class":66},[48,138730,58676],{"class":70},[48,138732,67],{"class":66},[48,138734,87],{"class":62},[48,138736,618],{"class":99},[48,138738,162],{"class":62},[48,138740,138741],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,138742,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,138744,138745,138747,138749,138751],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,138746,276],{"class":147},[48,138748,151],{"class":62},[48,138750,474],{"class":137},[48,138752,162],{"class":62},[20,138754,168],{},[39,138756,138758],{"className":41,"code":138757,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138759,138760],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138761,138762],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138763,138757],{"class":54},[1752,138765,138767],{"id":138766},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[39,138769,138771],{"className":41,"code":138770,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138772,138773,138785,138819,138823],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138774,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138776,35224],{"class":54},[48,138778,59],{"class":58},[48,138780,79],{"class":66},[48,138782,138702],{"class":70},[48,138784,4138],{"class":66},[48,138786,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809,138811,138813,138815,138817],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138788,449],{"class":54},[48,138790,59],{"class":58},[48,138792,43385],{"class":54},[48,138794,134],{"class":62},[48,138796,35536],{"class":137},[48,138798,151],{"class":62},[48,138800,67],{"class":66},[48,138802,37587],{"class":70},[48,138804,67],{"class":66},[48,138806,87],{"class":62},[48,138808,79],{"class":66},[48,138810,58676],{"class":70},[48,138812,67],{"class":66},[48,138814,87],{"class":62},[48,138816,632],{"class":99},[48,138818,162],{"class":62},[48,138820,138821],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,138822,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,138824,138825,138827,138829,138831],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,138826,276],{"class":147},[48,138828,151],{"class":62},[48,138830,474],{"class":137},[48,138832,162],{"class":62},[20,138834,168],{},[39,138836,138838],{"className":41,"code":138837,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138839,138840],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138841,138842],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138843,138837],{"class":54},[20,138845,138846],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138848,138849,138850,134],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[348,138851,128630],{"href":125074},[34,138853,138855],{"id":138854},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138857,138858,138860],{},[15,138859,125077],{}," can also change single characters.",[1752,138862,138864],{"id":138863},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[39,138866,138868],{"className":41,"code":138867,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138869,138870,138882,138912,138916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138871,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138873,35224],{"class":54},[48,138875,59],{"class":58},[48,138877,79],{"class":66},[48,138879,1146],{"class":70},[48,138881,4138],{"class":66},[48,138883,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138885,449],{"class":54},[48,138887,59],{"class":58},[48,138889,43385],{"class":54},[48,138891,134],{"class":62},[48,138893,35536],{"class":137},[48,138895,151],{"class":62},[48,138897,67],{"class":66},[48,138899,348],{"class":70},[48,138901,67],{"class":66},[48,138903,87],{"class":62},[48,138905,79],{"class":66},[48,138907,61023],{"class":70},[48,138909,67],{"class":66},[48,138911,162],{"class":62},[48,138913,138914],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,138915,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,138917,138918,138920,138922,138924],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,138919,276],{"class":147},[48,138921,151],{"class":62},[48,138923,474],{"class":137},[48,138925,162],{"class":62},[20,138927,168],{},[39,138929,138931],{"className":41,"code":138930,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bonono\n",[15,138932,138933],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138934,138935],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138936,138930],{"class":54},[1752,138938,138940],{"id":138939},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138942,138943],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[39,138945,138947],{"className":41,"code":138946,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138948,138949,138962,138986,138990],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138950,138951,138953,138955,138957,138960],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138952,35224],{"class":54},[48,138954,59],{"class":58},[48,138956,79],{"class":66},[48,138958,138959],{"class":70},"a b c",[48,138961,4138],{"class":66},[48,138963,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,138965,449],{"class":54},[48,138967,59],{"class":58},[48,138969,43385],{"class":54},[48,138971,134],{"class":62},[48,138973,35536],{"class":137},[48,138975,151],{"class":62},[48,138977,67],{"class":66},[48,138979,79],{"class":66},[48,138981,87],{"class":62},[48,138983,6901],{"class":66},[48,138985,162],{"class":62},[48,138987,138988],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,138989,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,138991,138992,138994,138996,138998],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,138993,276],{"class":147},[48,138995,151],{"class":62},[48,138997,474],{"class":137},[48,138999,162],{"class":62},[20,139001,168],{},[39,139003,139005],{"className":41,"code":139004,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"abc\n",[15,139006,139007],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139008,139009],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139010,139004],{"class":54},[20,139012,139013],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,139015,139016,139017,139021,139022,139026],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[348,139018,126906,139019,2689],{"href":129593},[15,139020,61081],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[348,139023,126906,139024,2689],{"href":137476},[15,139025,42196],{}," is often a better choice.",[34,139028,124553],{"id":124552},[20,139030,139031,124364],{},[15,139032,125077],{},[20,139034,127951,139035,5174,139037,127958],{},[15,139036,113590],{},[15,139038,139039],{},"\"Cat\"",[39,139041,139043],{"className":41,"code":139042,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139044,139045,139058,139088,139092],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139046,139047,139049,139051,139053,139056],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139048,35224],{"class":54},[48,139050,59],{"class":58},[48,139052,79],{"class":66},[48,139054,139055],{"class":70},"Cat cat CAT",[48,139057,4138],{"class":66},[48,139059,139060,139062,139064,139066,139068,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139061,449],{"class":54},[48,139063,59],{"class":58},[48,139065,43385],{"class":54},[48,139067,134],{"class":62},[48,139069,35536],{"class":137},[48,139071,151],{"class":62},[48,139073,67],{"class":66},[48,139075,37587],{"class":70},[48,139077,67],{"class":66},[48,139079,87],{"class":62},[48,139081,79],{"class":66},[48,139083,58676],{"class":70},[48,139085,67],{"class":66},[48,139087,162],{"class":62},[48,139089,139090],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,139091,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,139093,139094,139096,139098,139100],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,139095,276],{"class":147},[48,139097,151],{"class":62},[48,139099,474],{"class":137},[48,139101,162],{"class":62},[20,139103,168],{},[39,139105,139107],{"className":41,"code":139106,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,139108,139109],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139110,139111,139114],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139112,139113],{"class":54},"Cat dog ",[48,139115,139116],{"class":34989},"CAT\n",[20,139118,139119,139120,139122],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,139121,113590],{}," was replaced.",[20,139124,139125],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,139127,139128,139129,134],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[348,139130,126906,139131,2689],{"href":124633},[15,139132,124636],{},[34,139134,196,139136,12453],{"id":139135},"what-replace-returns",[15,139137,125077],{},[20,139139,139140,139142],{},[15,139141,125077],{}," returns a new string.",[20,139144,139145],{},"If no match is found:",[209,139147,139148,139151],{},[212,139149,139150],{},"no error happens",[212,139152,139153],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,139155,226],{},[39,139157,139159],{"className":41,"code":139158,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139160,139161,139173,139203,139207],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139162,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139164,35224],{"class":54},[48,139166,59],{"class":58},[48,139168,79],{"class":66},[48,139170,4628],{"class":70},[48,139172,4138],{"class":66},[48,139174,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139176,449],{"class":54},[48,139178,59],{"class":58},[48,139180,43385],{"class":54},[48,139182,134],{"class":62},[48,139184,35536],{"class":137},[48,139186,151],{"class":62},[48,139188,67],{"class":66},[48,139190,611],{"class":70},[48,139192,67],{"class":66},[48,139194,87],{"class":62},[48,139196,79],{"class":66},[48,139198,625],{"class":70},[48,139200,67],{"class":66},[48,139202,162],{"class":62},[48,139204,139205],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,139206,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,139208,139209,139211,139213,139215],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,139210,276],{"class":147},[48,139212,151],{"class":62},[48,139214,474],{"class":137},[48,139216,162],{"class":62},[20,139218,168],{},[39,139220,139222],{"className":41,"code":139221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"hello\n",[15,139223,139224],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139225,139226],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139227,139221],{"class":54},[20,139229,139230],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[39,139232,139234],{"className":41,"code":139233,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139235,139236,139248],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139237,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139239,35224],{"class":54},[48,139241,59],{"class":58},[48,139243,79],{"class":66},[48,139245,60956],{"class":70},[48,139247,4138],{"class":66},[48,139249,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139251,130745],{"class":54},[48,139253,59],{"class":58},[48,139255,43385],{"class":54},[48,139257,134],{"class":62},[48,139259,35536],{"class":137},[48,139261,151],{"class":62},[48,139263,67],{"class":66},[48,139265,61141],{"class":70},[48,139267,67],{"class":66},[48,139269,87],{"class":62},[48,139271,79],{"class":66},[48,139273,8066],{"class":70},[48,139275,67],{"class":66},[48,139277,162],{"class":62},[20,139279,139280],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[39,139282,139284],{"className":41,"code":139283,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139285,139286,139298],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139287,139288,139290,139292,139294,139296],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139289,35224],{"class":54},[48,139291,59],{"class":58},[48,139293,79],{"class":66},[48,139295,60956],{"class":70},[48,139297,4138],{"class":66},[48,139299,139300,139302,139304,139306,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139301,35224],{"class":54},[48,139303,59],{"class":58},[48,139305,43385],{"class":54},[48,139307,134],{"class":62},[48,139309,35536],{"class":137},[48,139311,151],{"class":62},[48,139313,67],{"class":66},[48,139315,61141],{"class":70},[48,139317,67],{"class":66},[48,139319,87],{"class":62},[48,139321,79],{"class":66},[48,139323,8066],{"class":70},[48,139325,67],{"class":66},[48,139327,162],{"class":62},[34,139329,5300],{"id":5299},[20,139331,139332,139333,76],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139334,125077],{},[209,139336,139337,139340,139344,139347],{},[212,139338,139339],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[212,139341,2015,139342,132126],{},[15,139343,125077],{},[212,139345,139346],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[212,139348,37744,139349,139351],{},[15,139350,125077],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1752,139353,139355,139356,139358],{"id":139354},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139357,125077],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139360,139361,139362,76],{},"This does not update ",[15,139363,35245],{},[39,139365,139367],{"className":41,"code":139366,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139368,139369,139381,139407],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139370,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139372,35224],{"class":54},[48,139374,59],{"class":58},[48,139376,79],{"class":66},[48,139378,138392],{"class":70},[48,139380,4138],{"class":66},[48,139382,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139384,35245],{"class":54},[48,139386,134],{"class":62},[48,139388,35536],{"class":137},[48,139390,151],{"class":62},[48,139392,67],{"class":66},[48,139394,138413],{"class":70},[48,139396,67],{"class":66},[48,139398,87],{"class":62},[48,139400,79],{"class":66},[48,139402,138422],{"class":70},[48,139404,67],{"class":66},[48,139406,162],{"class":62},[48,139408,139409,139411,139413,139415],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,139410,276],{"class":147},[48,139412,151],{"class":62},[48,139414,35245],{"class":137},[48,139416,162],{"class":62},[20,139418,168],{},[39,139420,139421],{"className":41,"code":138640,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,139422,139423],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139424,139425],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139426,138640],{"class":54},[20,139428,11559],{},[39,139430,139432],{"className":41,"code":139431,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139433,139434,139446,139476],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139435,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139437,35224],{"class":54},[48,139439,59],{"class":58},[48,139441,79],{"class":66},[48,139443,138392],{"class":70},[48,139445,4138],{"class":66},[48,139447,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472,139474],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139449,35224],{"class":54},[48,139451,59],{"class":58},[48,139453,43385],{"class":54},[48,139455,134],{"class":62},[48,139457,35536],{"class":137},[48,139459,151],{"class":62},[48,139461,67],{"class":66},[48,139463,138413],{"class":70},[48,139465,67],{"class":66},[48,139467,87],{"class":62},[48,139469,79],{"class":66},[48,139471,138422],{"class":70},[48,139473,67],{"class":66},[48,139475,162],{"class":62},[48,139477,139478,139480,139482,139484],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,139479,276],{"class":147},[48,139481,151],{"class":62},[48,139483,35245],{"class":137},[48,139485,162],{"class":62},[20,139487,168],{},[39,139489,139490],{"className":41,"code":138441,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,139491,139492],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139493,139494],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139495,138441],{"class":54},[1752,139497,139499],{"id":139498},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[39,139501,139503],{"className":41,"code":139502,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139504,139505,139517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139506,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139508,35224],{"class":54},[48,139510,59],{"class":58},[48,139512,79],{"class":66},[48,139514,35404],{"class":70},[48,139516,4138],{"class":66},[48,139518,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139520,276],{"class":147},[48,139522,151],{"class":62},[48,139524,35245],{"class":137},[48,139526,134],{"class":62},[48,139528,35536],{"class":137},[48,139530,151],{"class":62},[48,139532,67],{"class":66},[48,139534,4628],{"class":70},[48,139536,67],{"class":66},[48,139538,87],{"class":62},[48,139540,79],{"class":66},[48,139542,90487],{"class":70},[48,139544,67],{"class":66},[48,139546,670],{"class":62},[20,139548,168],{},[39,139550,139551],{"className":41,"code":89500,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,139552,139553],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139554,139555],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139556,89500],{"class":54},[20,139558,139559,139560,5174,139562,139564],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139561,65085],{},[15,139563,90969],{}," are not the same.",[1752,139566,139568],{"id":139567},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[39,139570,139572],{"className":41,"code":139571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139573,139574,139587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139575,139576,139578,139580,139582,139585],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139577,35224],{"class":54},[48,139579,59],{"class":58},[48,139581,79],{"class":66},[48,139583,139584],{"class":70},"red red red",[48,139586,4138],{"class":66},[48,139588,139589,139591,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139590,276],{"class":147},[48,139592,151],{"class":62},[48,139594,35245],{"class":137},[48,139596,134],{"class":62},[48,139598,35536],{"class":137},[48,139600,151],{"class":62},[48,139602,67],{"class":66},[48,139604,1137],{"class":70},[48,139606,67],{"class":66},[48,139608,87],{"class":62},[48,139610,79],{"class":66},[48,139612,13848],{"class":70},[48,139614,67],{"class":66},[48,139616,670],{"class":62},[20,139618,168],{},[39,139620,139622],{"className":41,"code":139621,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139623,139624],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139625,139626],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139627,139621],{"class":54},[20,139629,139630,139631,76],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139632,41802],{},[39,139634,139636],{"className":41,"code":139635,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139637,139638,139650],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139639,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139641,35224],{"class":54},[48,139643,59],{"class":58},[48,139645,79],{"class":66},[48,139647,139584],{"class":70},[48,139649,4138],{"class":66},[48,139651,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139653,276],{"class":147},[48,139655,151],{"class":62},[48,139657,35245],{"class":137},[48,139659,134],{"class":62},[48,139661,35536],{"class":137},[48,139663,151],{"class":62},[48,139665,67],{"class":66},[48,139667,1137],{"class":70},[48,139669,67],{"class":66},[48,139671,87],{"class":62},[48,139673,79],{"class":66},[48,139675,13848],{"class":70},[48,139677,67],{"class":66},[48,139679,87],{"class":62},[48,139681,618],{"class":99},[48,139683,670],{"class":62},[20,139685,168],{},[39,139687,139689],{"className":41,"code":139688,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"blue red red\n",[15,139690,139691],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139692,139693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139694,139688],{"class":54},[1752,139696,139698,139699,139701],{"id":139697},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139700,125077],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139703,139704],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[209,139706,139707,139714,139721],{},[212,139708,189,139709,139713],{},[348,139710,139711],{"href":129593},[15,139712,61081],{}," to break a string into a list",[212,139715,189,139716,139720],{},[348,139717,139718],{"href":137476},[15,139719,42196],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[212,139722,189,139723,139725],{},[15,139724,125077],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[34,139727,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,139729,2606,139731,125233],{"id":139730},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139732,125077],{},[20,139734,139735],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1752,139737,139739],{"id":139738},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139741,139742],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1752,139744,139746],{"id":139745},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139748,139749],{},"Use the third argument:",[39,139751,139753],{"className":41,"code":139752,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139754,139755],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139756,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139758,35245],{"class":54},[48,139760,134],{"class":62},[48,139762,35536],{"class":137},[48,139764,151],{"class":62},[48,139766,138503],{"class":137},[48,139768,87],{"class":62},[48,139770,138508],{"class":137},[48,139772,87],{"class":62},[48,139774,618],{"class":99},[48,139776,162],{"class":62},[1752,139778,5947,139780,139782],{"id":139779},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139781,125077],{}," remove text?",[20,139784,139785],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[39,139787,139789],{"className":41,"code":139788,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139790,139791],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139792,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139794,35245],{"class":54},[48,139796,134],{"class":62},[48,139798,35536],{"class":137},[48,139800,151],{"class":62},[48,139802,67],{"class":66},[48,139804,611],{"class":70},[48,139806,67],{"class":66},[48,139808,87],{"class":62},[48,139810,6901],{"class":66},[48,139812,162],{"class":62},[1752,139814,15632,139816,125242],{"id":139815},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139817,125077],{},[20,139819,130435],{},[34,139821,2679],{"id":2678},[209,139823,139824,139828,139834,139840,139846],{},[212,139825,139826],{},[348,139827,125312],{"href":125074},[212,139829,139830],{},[348,139831,126906,139832,2689],{"href":129593},[15,139833,61081],{},[212,139835,139836],{},[348,139837,126906,139838,2689],{"href":137476},[15,139839,42196],{},[212,139841,139842],{},[348,139843,126906,139844,2689],{"href":124633},[15,139845,124636],{},[212,139847,139848],{},[348,139849,125661],{"href":51522},[2711,139851,139852],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":139854},[139855,139856,139858,139861,139862,139866,139870,139871,139873,139881,139891],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":138456,"depth":106,"text":139857},"What replace() does",{"id":6208,"depth":106,"text":6209,"children":139859},[139860],{"id":18118,"depth":113,"text":18119},{"id":6563,"depth":106,"text":6564},{"id":138671,"depth":106,"text":138672,"children":139863},[139864,139865],{"id":138685,"depth":113,"text":138686},{"id":138766,"depth":113,"text":138767},{"id":138854,"depth":106,"text":138855,"children":139867},[139868,139869],{"id":138863,"depth":113,"text":138864},{"id":138939,"depth":113,"text":138940},{"id":124552,"depth":106,"text":124553},{"id":139135,"depth":106,"text":139872},"What replace() returns",{"id":5299,"depth":106,"text":5300,"children":139874},[139875,139877,139878,139879],{"id":139354,"depth":113,"text":139876},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139498,"depth":113,"text":139499},{"id":139567,"depth":113,"text":139568},{"id":139697,"depth":113,"text":139880},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":139882},[139883,139885,139886,139887,139889],{"id":139730,"depth":113,"text":139884},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139738,"depth":113,"text":139739},{"id":139745,"depth":113,"text":139746},{"id":139779,"depth":113,"text":139888},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139815,"depth":113,"text":139890},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138341,"description":139892},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139899,"title":139900,"body":139901,"description":141920,"extension":2749,"meta":141921,"navigation":109,"path":141922,"seo":141923,"stem":141924,"__hash__":141925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139902,"toc":141884},[139903,139908,139913,139916,139927,139929,139984,139989,139994,140001,140003,140018,140020,140076,140078,140116,140121,140123,140147,140150,140163,140168,140170,140202,140204,140237,140243,140248,140251,140261,140264,140266,140322,140324,140374,140377,140385,140388,140444,140446,140519,140532,140540,140544,140555,140558,140561,140614,140616,140648,140651,140705,140707,140742,140745,140750,140755,140760,140763,140765,140823,140825,140859,140861,140876,140879,140881,140923,140925,140951,140956,140964,140967,140969,141051,141053,141104,141107,141118,141126,141128,141201,141203,141221,141225,141228,141232,141259,141261,141269,141273,141308,141310,141323,141327,141330,141369,141371,141388,141393,141398,141409,141412,141423,141425,141427,141453,141456,141505,141507,141524,141527,141529,141581,141583,141615,141618,141676,141681,141683,141688,141791,141793,141807,141809,141816,141821,141826,141831,141836,141841,141844,141848,141853,141855,141881],[10,139904,123906,139906,18],{"id":139905},"python-string-split-method",[15,139907,61081],{},[20,139909,123911,139910,139912],{},[15,139911,61081],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139914,139915],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[209,139917,139918,139921,139924],{},[212,139919,139920],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[212,139922,139923],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[212,139925,139926],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[34,139928,37],{"id":36},[39,139930,139932],{"className":41,"code":139931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139933,139934,139947,139969,139979],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139935,139936,139938,139940,139942,139945],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139937,35224],{"class":54},[48,139939,59],{"class":58},[48,139941,79],{"class":66},[48,139943,139944],{"class":70},"apple,banana,cherry",[48,139946,4138],{"class":66},[48,139948,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,139950,43380],{"class":54},[48,139952,59],{"class":58},[48,139954,43385],{"class":54},[48,139956,134],{"class":62},[48,139958,35005],{"class":137},[48,139960,151],{"class":62},[48,139962,67],{"class":66},[48,139964,87],{"class":70},[48,139966,67],{"class":66},[48,139968,162],{"class":62},[48,139970,139971,139973,139975,139977],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,139972,276],{"class":147},[48,139974,151],{"class":62},[48,139976,43412],{"class":137},[48,139978,162],{"class":62},[48,139980,139981],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,139982,139983],{"class":4445},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139985,189,139986,139988],{},[15,139987,61081],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[34,139990,196,139992,199],{"id":139991},"what-split-does",[15,139993,61081],{},[20,139995,139996,132954,139998,134],{},[15,139997,61081],{},[166,139999,140000],{},"string method",[20,140002,49473],{},[209,140004,140005,140008,140013],{},[212,140006,140007],{},"divides a string into parts",[212,140009,120208,140010],{},[166,140011,140012],{},"new list of strings",[212,140014,120214,140015,140017],{},[166,140016,5413],{}," change the original string",[20,140019,226],{},[39,140021,140023],{"className":41,"code":140022,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140024,140025,140038,140052,140056,140066],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140026,140027,140029,140031,140033,140036],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140028,35224],{"class":54},[48,140030,59],{"class":58},[48,140032,79],{"class":66},[48,140034,140035],{"class":70},"red blue green",[48,140037,4138],{"class":66},[48,140039,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140041,43380],{"class":54},[48,140043,59],{"class":58},[48,140045,43385],{"class":54},[48,140047,134],{"class":62},[48,140049,35005],{"class":137},[48,140051,380],{"class":62},[48,140053,140054],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,140055,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,140057,140058,140060,140062,140064],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,140059,276],{"class":147},[48,140061,151],{"class":62},[48,140063,35245],{"class":137},[48,140065,162],{"class":62},[48,140067,140068,140070,140072,140074],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,140069,276],{"class":147},[48,140071,151],{"class":62},[48,140073,43412],{"class":137},[48,140075,162],{"class":62},[20,140077,168],{},[39,140079,140081],{"className":41,"code":140080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,140082,140083,140088],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140084,140085],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140086,140087],{"class":54},"red blue green\n",[48,140089,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140091,682],{"class":62},[48,140093,311],{"class":66},[48,140095,1137],{"class":70},[48,140097,311],{"class":66},[48,140099,87],{"class":62},[48,140101,320],{"class":66},[48,140103,13848],{"class":70},[48,140105,311],{"class":66},[48,140107,87],{"class":62},[48,140109,320],{"class":66},[48,140111,18179],{"class":70},[48,140113,311],{"class":66},[48,140115,1465],{"class":62},[20,140117,140118,140119,134],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[348,140120,125661],{"href":51522},[34,140122,360],{"id":359},[39,140124,140126],{"className":41,"code":140125,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,140127,140128],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140129,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140145],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140131,61724],{"class":54},[48,140133,134],{"class":62},[48,140135,35005],{"class":137},[48,140137,151],{"class":62},[48,140139,134310],{"class":137},[48,140141,87],{"class":62},[48,140143,140144],{"class":137}," maxsplit",[48,140146,162],{"class":62},[20,140148,140149],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[209,140151,140152,140157],{},[212,140153,140154,140156],{},[15,140155,134310],{}," tells Python where to split",[212,140158,140159,140162],{},[15,140160,140161],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,140164,9642,140165,140167],{},[15,140166,134310],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140169,226],{},[39,140171,140173],{"className":41,"code":140172,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140174,140175,140188],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140176,140177,140179,140181,140183,140186],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140178,35224],{"class":54},[48,140180,59],{"class":58},[48,140182,79],{"class":66},[48,140184,140185],{"class":70},"one two three",[48,140187,4138],{"class":66},[48,140189,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140191,276],{"class":147},[48,140193,151],{"class":62},[48,140195,35245],{"class":137},[48,140197,134],{"class":62},[48,140199,35005],{"class":137},[48,140201,1203],{"class":62},[20,140203,168],{},[39,140205,140207],{"className":41,"code":140206,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,140208,140209],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140210,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140212,682],{"class":62},[48,140214,311],{"class":66},[48,140216,7355],{"class":70},[48,140218,311],{"class":66},[48,140220,87],{"class":62},[48,140222,320],{"class":66},[48,140224,79822],{"class":70},[48,140226,311],{"class":66},[48,140228,87],{"class":62},[48,140230,320],{"class":66},[48,140232,134792],{"class":70},[48,140234,311],{"class":66},[48,140236,1465],{"class":62},[34,140238,9185,140240,140242],{"id":140239},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,140241,61081],{}," with no separator",[20,140244,70725,140245,140247],{},[15,140246,61081],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140249,140250],{},"Whitespace includes:",[209,140252,140253,140255,140258],{},[212,140254,11207],{},[212,140256,140257],{},"tabs",[212,140259,140260],{},"new lines",[20,140262,140263],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,140265,226],{},[39,140267,140269],{"className":41,"code":140268,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140270,140271,140294,140308,140312],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140272,140273,140275,140277,140279,140282,140285,140287,140289,140292],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140274,35224],{"class":54},[48,140276,59],{"class":58},[48,140278,79],{"class":66},[48,140280,140281],{"class":70},"Python   is",[48,140283,140284],{"class":34989},"\\t",[48,140286,134046],{"class":70},[48,140288,87704],{"class":34989},[48,140290,140291],{"class":70},"and useful",[48,140293,4138],{"class":66},[48,140295,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140297,43380],{"class":54},[48,140299,59],{"class":58},[48,140301,43385],{"class":54},[48,140303,134],{"class":62},[48,140305,35005],{"class":137},[48,140307,380],{"class":62},[48,140309,140310],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,140311,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,140313,140314,140316,140318,140320],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,140315,276],{"class":147},[48,140317,151],{"class":62},[48,140319,43412],{"class":137},[48,140321,162],{"class":62},[20,140323,168],{},[39,140325,140327],{"className":41,"code":140326,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140328,140329],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140330,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140370,140372],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140332,682],{"class":62},[48,140334,311],{"class":66},[48,140336,8066],{"class":70},[48,140338,311],{"class":66},[48,140340,87],{"class":62},[48,140342,320],{"class":66},[48,140344,12939],{"class":70},[48,140346,311],{"class":66},[48,140348,87],{"class":62},[48,140350,320],{"class":66},[48,140352,134046],{"class":70},[48,140354,311],{"class":66},[48,140356,87],{"class":62},[48,140358,320],{"class":66},[48,140360,130671],{"class":70},[48,140362,311],{"class":66},[48,140364,87],{"class":62},[48,140366,320],{"class":66},[48,140368,140369],{"class":70},"useful",[48,140371,311],{"class":66},[48,140373,1465],{"class":62},[20,140375,140376],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1752,140378,140380,1306,140382],{"id":140379},"split-vs-split",[15,140381,61081],{},[15,140383,140384],{},"split(' ')",[20,140386,140387],{},"These are not the same.",[39,140389,140391],{"className":41,"code":140390,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140392,140393,140406,140410,140424],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140394,140395,140397,140399,140401,140404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140396,35224],{"class":54},[48,140398,59],{"class":58},[48,140400,79],{"class":66},[48,140402,140403],{"class":70},"a  b   c",[48,140405,4138],{"class":66},[48,140407,140408],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140409,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,140411,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,140413,276],{"class":147},[48,140415,151],{"class":62},[48,140417,35245],{"class":137},[48,140419,134],{"class":62},[48,140421,35005],{"class":137},[48,140423,1203],{"class":62},[48,140425,140426,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,140427,276],{"class":147},[48,140429,151],{"class":62},[48,140431,35245],{"class":137},[48,140433,134],{"class":62},[48,140435,35005],{"class":137},[48,140437,151],{"class":62},[48,140439,67],{"class":66},[48,140441,79],{"class":66},[48,140443,670],{"class":62},[20,140445,168],{},[39,140447,140449],{"className":41,"code":140448,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140450,140451,140479],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140452,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140454,682],{"class":62},[48,140456,311],{"class":66},[48,140458,348],{"class":70},[48,140460,311],{"class":66},[48,140462,87],{"class":62},[48,140464,320],{"class":66},[48,140466,2059],{"class":70},[48,140468,311],{"class":66},[48,140470,87],{"class":62},[48,140472,320],{"class":66},[48,140474,2265],{"class":70},[48,140476,311],{"class":66},[48,140478,1465],{"class":62},[48,140480,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515,140517],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140482,682],{"class":62},[48,140484,311],{"class":66},[48,140486,348],{"class":70},[48,140488,311],{"class":66},[48,140490,87],{"class":62},[48,140492,4621],{"class":66},[48,140494,87],{"class":62},[48,140496,320],{"class":66},[48,140498,2059],{"class":70},[48,140500,311],{"class":66},[48,140502,87],{"class":62},[48,140504,4621],{"class":66},[48,140506,87],{"class":62},[48,140508,4621],{"class":66},[48,140510,87],{"class":62},[48,140512,320],{"class":66},[48,140514,2265],{"class":70},[48,140516,311],{"class":66},[48,140518,1465],{"class":62},[209,140520,140521,140526],{},[212,140522,140523,140525],{},[15,140524,61081],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[212,140527,140528,140531],{},[15,140529,140530],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140533,140534,140535,140539],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[348,140536,126906,140537,2689],{"href":137476},[15,140538,42196],{}," is often useful.",[34,140541,140543],{"id":140542},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140545,140546,140547,2973,140550,2977,140552,134],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140548,140549],{},"\",\"",[15,140551,134145],{},[15,140553,140554],{},"\"::\"",[20,140556,140557],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140559,140560],{},"Example with commas:",[39,140562,140564],{"className":41,"code":140563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140565,140566,140578,140600,140604],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140567,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140569,35224],{"class":54},[48,140571,59],{"class":58},[48,140573,79],{"class":66},[48,140575,139944],{"class":70},[48,140577,4138],{"class":66},[48,140579,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594,140596,140598],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140581,43380],{"class":54},[48,140583,59],{"class":58},[48,140585,43385],{"class":54},[48,140587,134],{"class":62},[48,140589,35005],{"class":137},[48,140591,151],{"class":62},[48,140593,67],{"class":66},[48,140595,87],{"class":70},[48,140597,67],{"class":66},[48,140599,162],{"class":62},[48,140601,140602],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,140603,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,140605,140606,140608,140610,140612],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,140607,276],{"class":147},[48,140609,151],{"class":62},[48,140611,43412],{"class":137},[48,140613,162],{"class":62},[20,140615,168],{},[39,140617,140618],{"className":41,"code":79001,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,140619,140620],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140621,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140623,682],{"class":62},[48,140625,311],{"class":66},[48,140627,1128],{"class":70},[48,140629,311],{"class":66},[48,140631,87],{"class":62},[48,140633,320],{"class":66},[48,140635,1146],{"class":70},[48,140637,311],{"class":66},[48,140639,87],{"class":62},[48,140641,320],{"class":66},[48,140643,4877],{"class":70},[48,140645,311],{"class":66},[48,140647,1465],{"class":62},[20,140649,140650],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[39,140652,140654],{"className":41,"code":140653,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140655,140656,140669,140691,140695],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140657,140658,140660,140662,140664,140667],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140659,35224],{"class":54},[48,140661,59],{"class":58},[48,140663,79],{"class":66},[48,140665,140666],{"class":70},"2024::10::31",[48,140668,4138],{"class":66},[48,140670,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140672,43380],{"class":54},[48,140674,59],{"class":58},[48,140676,43385],{"class":54},[48,140678,134],{"class":62},[48,140680,35005],{"class":137},[48,140682,151],{"class":62},[48,140684,67],{"class":66},[48,140686,77218],{"class":70},[48,140688,67],{"class":66},[48,140690,162],{"class":62},[48,140692,140693],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,140694,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,140696,140697,140699,140701,140703],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,140698,276],{"class":147},[48,140700,151],{"class":62},[48,140702,43412],{"class":137},[48,140704,162],{"class":62},[20,140706,168],{},[39,140708,140710],{"className":41,"code":140709,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140711,140712],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140713,140714,140716,140718,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735,140738,140740],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140715,682],{"class":62},[48,140717,311],{"class":66},[48,140719,140720],{"class":70},"2024",[48,140722,311],{"class":66},[48,140724,87],{"class":62},[48,140726,320],{"class":66},[48,140728,3114],{"class":70},[48,140730,311],{"class":66},[48,140732,87],{"class":62},[48,140734,320],{"class":66},[48,140736,140737],{"class":70},"31",[48,140739,311],{"class":66},[48,140741,1465],{"class":62},[20,140743,140744],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140746,140747,140748,134],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[348,140749,129590],{"href":129589},[34,140751,9185,140753],{"id":140752},"using-maxsplit",[15,140754,140161],{},[20,140756,140757,140759],{},[15,140758,140161],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140761,140762],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140764,226],{},[39,140766,140768],{"className":41,"code":140767,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140769,140770,140783,140809,140813],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140771,140772,140774,140776,140778,140781],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140773,35224],{"class":54},[48,140775,59],{"class":58},[48,140777,79],{"class":66},[48,140779,140780],{"class":70},"name:age:city:country",[48,140782,4138],{"class":66},[48,140784,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140786,43380],{"class":54},[48,140788,59],{"class":58},[48,140790,43385],{"class":54},[48,140792,134],{"class":62},[48,140794,35005],{"class":137},[48,140796,151],{"class":62},[48,140798,67],{"class":66},[48,140800,76],{"class":70},[48,140802,67],{"class":66},[48,140804,87],{"class":62},[48,140806,632],{"class":99},[48,140808,162],{"class":62},[48,140810,140811],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,140812,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,140814,140815,140817,140819,140821],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,140816,276],{"class":147},[48,140818,151],{"class":62},[48,140820,43412],{"class":137},[48,140822,162],{"class":62},[20,140824,168],{},[39,140826,140828],{"className":41,"code":140827,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140829,140830],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140831,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140855,140857],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140833,682],{"class":62},[48,140835,311],{"class":66},[48,140837,71],{"class":70},[48,140839,311],{"class":66},[48,140841,87],{"class":62},[48,140843,320],{"class":66},[48,140845,92],{"class":70},[48,140847,311],{"class":66},[48,140849,87],{"class":62},[48,140851,320],{"class":66},[48,140853,140854],{"class":70},"city:country",[48,140856,311],{"class":66},[48,140858,1465],{"class":62},[20,140860,2962],{},[209,140862,140863,140868,140873],{},[212,140864,140865,140866],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140867,76],{},[212,140869,140870,140871],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140872,76],{},[212,140874,140875],{},"then stops",[20,140877,140878],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140880,52627],{},[39,140882,140884],{"className":41,"code":140883,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140885,140886,140899],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140887,140888,140890,140892,140894,140897],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140889,35224],{"class":54},[48,140891,59],{"class":58},[48,140893,79],{"class":66},[48,140895,140896],{"class":70},"apple banana cherry grape",[48,140898,4138],{"class":66},[48,140900,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917,140919,140921],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140902,276],{"class":147},[48,140904,151],{"class":62},[48,140906,35245],{"class":137},[48,140908,134],{"class":62},[48,140910,35005],{"class":137},[48,140912,151],{"class":62},[48,140914,67],{"class":66},[48,140916,79],{"class":66},[48,140918,87],{"class":62},[48,140920,618],{"class":99},[48,140922,670],{"class":62},[20,140924,168],{},[39,140926,140928],{"className":41,"code":140927,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140929,140930],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140931,140932,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140947,140949],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140933,682],{"class":62},[48,140935,311],{"class":66},[48,140937,1128],{"class":70},[48,140939,311],{"class":66},[48,140941,87],{"class":62},[48,140943,320],{"class":66},[48,140945,140946],{"class":70},"banana cherry grape",[48,140948,311],{"class":66},[48,140950,1465],{"class":62},[34,140952,196,140954,12453],{"id":140953},"what-split-returns",[15,140955,61081],{},[20,140957,140958,140959,140961,140962,134],{},"The result of ",[15,140960,61081],{}," is always a ",[166,140963,282],{},[20,140965,140966],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140968,226],{},[39,140970,140972],{"className":41,"code":140971,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140973,140974,140987,141009,141013,141023,141037],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140975,140976,140978,140980,140982,140985],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140977,35224],{"class":54},[48,140979,59],{"class":58},[48,140981,79],{"class":66},[48,140983,140984],{"class":70},"cat,dog,bird",[48,140986,4138],{"class":66},[48,140988,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,140990,43380],{"class":54},[48,140992,59],{"class":58},[48,140994,43385],{"class":54},[48,140996,134],{"class":62},[48,140998,35005],{"class":137},[48,141000,151],{"class":62},[48,141002,67],{"class":66},[48,141004,87],{"class":70},[48,141006,67],{"class":66},[48,141008,162],{"class":62},[48,141010,141011],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,141012,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,141014,141015,141017,141019,141021],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,141016,276],{"class":147},[48,141018,151],{"class":62},[48,141020,43412],{"class":137},[48,141022,162],{"class":62},[48,141024,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,141026,276],{"class":147},[48,141028,151],{"class":62},[48,141030,2094],{"class":281},[48,141032,151],{"class":62},[48,141034,43412],{"class":137},[48,141036,670],{"class":62},[48,141038,141039,141041,141043,141045,141047,141049],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,141040,276],{"class":147},[48,141042,151],{"class":62},[48,141044,43412],{"class":137},[48,141046,682],{"class":62},[48,141048,2904],{"class":99},[48,141050,4670],{"class":62},[20,141052,168],{},[39,141054,141056],{"className":41,"code":141055,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,141057,141058,141086,141100],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141059,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141061,682],{"class":62},[48,141063,311],{"class":66},[48,141065,37587],{"class":70},[48,141067,311],{"class":66},[48,141069,87],{"class":62},[48,141071,320],{"class":66},[48,141073,58676],{"class":70},[48,141075,311],{"class":66},[48,141077,87],{"class":62},[48,141079,320],{"class":66},[48,141081,58693],{"class":70},[48,141083,311],{"class":66},[48,141085,1465],{"class":62},[48,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141089,2168],{"class":58},[48,141091,2171],{"class":915},[48,141093,320],{"class":66},[48,141095,282],{"class":70},[48,141097,311],{"class":66},[48,141099,2180],{"class":58},[48,141101,141102],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,141103,86020],{"class":54},[20,141105,141106],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[209,141108,141109,141112,141115],{},[212,141110,141111],{},"loop over it",[212,141113,141114],{},"access items by index",[212,141116,141117],{},"combine items again later",[20,141119,141120,141121,134],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[348,141122,126906,141124,2689],{"href":141123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,141125,133988],{},[20,141127,226],{},[39,141129,141131],{"className":41,"code":141130,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141132,141133,141165,141187,141191],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141136,43380],{"class":54},[48,141138,59],{"class":58},[48,141140,4404],{"class":62},[48,141142,311],{"class":66},[48,141144,37587],{"class":70},[48,141146,311],{"class":66},[48,141148,87],{"class":62},[48,141150,320],{"class":66},[48,141152,58676],{"class":70},[48,141154,311],{"class":66},[48,141156,87],{"class":62},[48,141158,320],{"class":66},[48,141160,58693],{"class":70},[48,141162,311],{"class":66},[48,141164,1465],{"class":62},[48,141166,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141168,35224],{"class":54},[48,141170,59],{"class":58},[48,141172,79],{"class":66},[48,141174,2807],{"class":70},[48,141176,67],{"class":66},[48,141178,134],{"class":62},[48,141180,134065],{"class":137},[48,141182,151],{"class":62},[48,141184,43412],{"class":137},[48,141186,162],{"class":62},[48,141188,141189],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,141190,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,141192,141193,141195,141197,141199],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,141194,276],{"class":147},[48,141196,151],{"class":62},[48,141198,35245],{"class":137},[48,141200,162],{"class":62},[20,141202,168],{},[39,141204,141206],{"className":41,"code":141205,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,141207,141208],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141209,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141211,37587],{"class":54},[48,141213,2807],{"class":58},[48,141215,58676],{"class":54},[48,141217,2807],{"class":58},[48,141219,141220],{"class":54},"bird\n",[34,141222,141224],{"id":141223},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,141226,141227],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1752,141229,141231],{"id":141230},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[39,141233,141235],{"className":41,"code":141234,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,141236,141237,141245],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141238,141239,141241,141243],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141240,35224],{"class":54},[48,141242,59],{"class":58},[48,141244,8650],{"class":66},[48,141246,141247,141249,141251,141253,141255,141257],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141248,276],{"class":147},[48,141250,151],{"class":62},[48,141252,35245],{"class":137},[48,141254,134],{"class":62},[48,141256,35005],{"class":137},[48,141258,1203],{"class":62},[20,141260,168],{},[39,141262,141263],{"className":41,"code":38838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,141264,141265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141266,141267],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141268,38838],{"class":62},[1752,141270,141272],{"id":141271},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[39,141274,141276],{"className":41,"code":141275,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141277,141278,141286],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141279,141280,141282,141284],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141281,35224],{"class":54},[48,141283,59],{"class":58},[48,141285,8650],{"class":66},[48,141287,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141289,276],{"class":147},[48,141291,151],{"class":62},[48,141293,35245],{"class":137},[48,141295,134],{"class":62},[48,141297,35005],{"class":137},[48,141299,151],{"class":62},[48,141301,67],{"class":66},[48,141303,87],{"class":70},[48,141305,67],{"class":66},[48,141307,670],{"class":62},[20,141309,168],{},[39,141311,141313],{"className":41,"code":141312,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['']\n",[15,141314,141315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141316,141317,141319,141321],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141318,682],{"class":62},[48,141320,4555],{"class":66},[48,141322,1465],{"class":62},[1752,141324,141326],{"id":141325},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141328,141329],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[39,141331,141333],{"className":41,"code":141332,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141334,141335,141347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141336,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141338,35224],{"class":54},[48,141340,59],{"class":58},[48,141342,79],{"class":66},[48,141344,4628],{"class":70},[48,141346,4138],{"class":66},[48,141348,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141350,276],{"class":147},[48,141352,151],{"class":62},[48,141354,35245],{"class":137},[48,141356,134],{"class":62},[48,141358,35005],{"class":137},[48,141360,151],{"class":62},[48,141362,67],{"class":66},[48,141364,87],{"class":70},[48,141366,67],{"class":66},[48,141368,670],{"class":62},[20,141370,168],{},[39,141372,141374],{"className":41,"code":141373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['hello']\n",[15,141375,141376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141377,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141379,682],{"class":62},[48,141381,311],{"class":66},[48,141383,4628],{"class":70},[48,141385,311],{"class":66},[48,141387,1465],{"class":62},[34,141389,1545,141391],{"id":141390},"when-to-use-split",[15,141392,61081],{},[20,141394,189,141395,141397],{},[15,141396,61081],{}," when you need to:",[209,141399,141400,141403,141406],{},[212,141401,141402],{},"split a sentence into words",[212,141404,141405],{},"split comma-separated values",[212,141407,141408],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141410,141411],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[209,141413,141414,141417,141420],{},[212,141415,141416],{},"cleaning text",[212,141418,141419],{},"parsing user input",[212,141421,141422],{},"processing simple file content",[34,141424,1745],{"id":1744},[20,141426,84791],{},[209,141428,141429,141433,141439,141442,141450],{},[212,141430,51052,141431,132126],{},[15,141432,61081],{},[212,141434,141435,141436,141438],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141437,61081],{}," returns a list, not a string",[212,141440,141441],{},"using the wrong separator",[212,141443,141444,141445,141447,141448],{},"assuming ",[15,141446,140384],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141449,61081],{},[212,141451,141452],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141454,141455],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[39,141457,141459],{"className":41,"code":141458,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141460,141461,141473,141491,141495],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141462,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141464,35224],{"class":54},[48,141466,59],{"class":58},[48,141468,79],{"class":66},[48,141470,43373],{"class":70},[48,141472,4138],{"class":66},[48,141474,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141489],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141476,35245],{"class":54},[48,141478,134],{"class":62},[48,141480,35005],{"class":137},[48,141482,151],{"class":62},[48,141484,67],{"class":66},[48,141486,87],{"class":70},[48,141488,67],{"class":66},[48,141490,162],{"class":62},[48,141492,141493],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,141494,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,141496,141497,141499,141501,141503],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,141498,276],{"class":147},[48,141500,151],{"class":62},[48,141502,35245],{"class":137},[48,141504,162],{"class":62},[20,141506,168],{},[39,141508,141510],{"className":41,"code":141509,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a,b,c\n",[15,141511,141512],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141513,141514,141516,141518,141520,141522],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141515,348],{"class":54},[48,141517,87],{"class":62},[48,141519,2059],{"class":54},[48,141521,87],{"class":62},[48,141523,69797],{"class":54},[20,141525,141526],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141528,11559],{},[39,141530,141531],{"className":41,"code":43360,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,141532,141533,141545,141567,141571],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141534,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141536,35224],{"class":54},[48,141538,59],{"class":58},[48,141540,79],{"class":66},[48,141542,43373],{"class":70},[48,141544,4138],{"class":66},[48,141546,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141548,43380],{"class":54},[48,141550,59],{"class":58},[48,141552,43385],{"class":54},[48,141554,134],{"class":62},[48,141556,35005],{"class":137},[48,141558,151],{"class":62},[48,141560,67],{"class":66},[48,141562,87],{"class":70},[48,141564,67],{"class":66},[48,141566,162],{"class":62},[48,141568,141569],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,141570,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,141572,141573,141575,141577,141579],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,141574,276],{"class":147},[48,141576,151],{"class":62},[48,141578,43412],{"class":137},[48,141580,162],{"class":62},[20,141582,168],{},[39,141584,141585],{"className":41,"code":43419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,141586,141587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141588,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141590,682],{"class":62},[48,141592,311],{"class":66},[48,141594,348],{"class":70},[48,141596,311],{"class":66},[48,141598,87],{"class":62},[48,141600,320],{"class":66},[48,141602,2059],{"class":70},[48,141604,311],{"class":66},[48,141606,87],{"class":62},[48,141608,320],{"class":66},[48,141610,2265],{"class":70},[48,141612,311],{"class":66},[48,141614,1465],{"class":62},[20,141616,141617],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[39,141619,141621],{"className":41,"code":141620,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141622,141623,141636,141658,141662],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141624,141625,141627,141629,141631,141634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141626,35224],{"class":54},[48,141628,59],{"class":58},[48,141630,79],{"class":66},[48,141632,141633],{"class":70},"apple,banana",[48,141635,4138],{"class":66},[48,141637,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141639,43380],{"class":54},[48,141641,59],{"class":58},[48,141643,43385],{"class":54},[48,141645,134],{"class":62},[48,141647,35005],{"class":137},[48,141649,151],{"class":62},[48,141651,67],{"class":66},[48,141653,87],{"class":70},[48,141655,67],{"class":66},[48,141657,162],{"class":62},[48,141659,141660],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,141661,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,141663,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,141665,276],{"class":147},[48,141667,151],{"class":62},[48,141669,43412],{"class":137},[48,141671,682],{"class":62},[48,141673,2842],{"class":99},[48,141675,4670],{"class":62},[20,141677,141678,141679,134],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[348,141680,69810],{"href":69809},[1752,141682,61260],{"id":61259},[20,141684,9642,141685,141687],{},[15,141686,61081],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[39,141689,141691],{"className":41,"code":141690,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141692,141693,141703,141717,141739,141765],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141694,141695,141697,141699,141701],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141696,276],{"class":147},[48,141698,151],{"class":62},[48,141700,35245],{"class":137},[48,141702,162],{"class":62},[48,141704,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141706,276],{"class":147},[48,141708,151],{"class":62},[48,141710,35245],{"class":137},[48,141712,134],{"class":62},[48,141714,35005],{"class":137},[48,141716,1203],{"class":62},[48,141718,141719,141721,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,141720,276],{"class":147},[48,141722,151],{"class":62},[48,141724,35245],{"class":137},[48,141726,134],{"class":62},[48,141728,35005],{"class":137},[48,141730,151],{"class":62},[48,141732,311],{"class":66},[48,141734,87],{"class":70},[48,141736,311],{"class":66},[48,141738,670],{"class":62},[48,141740,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,141742,276],{"class":147},[48,141744,151],{"class":62},[48,141746,11914],{"class":147},[48,141748,151],{"class":62},[48,141750,35245],{"class":137},[48,141752,134],{"class":62},[48,141754,35005],{"class":137},[48,141756,151],{"class":62},[48,141758,311],{"class":66},[48,141760,87],{"class":70},[48,141762,311],{"class":66},[48,141764,3693],{"class":62},[48,141766,141767,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,141768,276],{"class":147},[48,141770,151],{"class":62},[48,141772,2094],{"class":281},[48,141774,151],{"class":62},[48,141776,35245],{"class":137},[48,141778,134],{"class":62},[48,141780,35005],{"class":137},[48,141782,151],{"class":62},[48,141784,311],{"class":66},[48,141786,87],{"class":70},[48,141788,311],{"class":66},[48,141790,3693],{"class":62},[20,141792,11923],{},[209,141794,141795,141798,141801,141804],{},[212,141796,141797],{},"what the original string looks like",[212,141799,141800],{},"which separator works",[212,141802,141803],{},"how many items were created",[212,141805,141806],{},"that the result is a list",[34,141808,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,141810,5957,141812,5174,141814,2623],{"id":141811},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141813,61081],{},[15,141815,140384],{},[20,141817,141818,141820],{},[15,141819,61081],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141822,141823,141825],{},[15,141824,140384],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1752,141827,2606,141829,125233],{"id":141828},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141830,61081],{},[20,141832,141833,141834,57027],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141835,61081],{},[1752,141837,5920,141839,40502],{"id":141838},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141840,140161],{},[20,141842,141843],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1752,141845,141847],{"id":141846},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141849,29594,141850,141852],{},[15,141851,61081],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[34,141854,2679],{"id":2678},[209,141856,141857,141861,141867,141873,141877],{},[212,141858,141859],{},[348,141860,130511],{"href":129589},[212,141862,141863],{},[348,141864,126906,141865,2689],{"href":141123},[15,141866,133988],{},[212,141868,141869],{},[348,141870,126906,141871,2689],{"href":137476},[15,141872,42196],{},[212,141874,141875],{},[348,141876,125661],{"href":51522},[212,141878,141879],{},[348,141880,69810],{"href":69809},[2711,141882,141883],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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separator",[141893],{"id":140379,"depth":113,"text":141894},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140542,"depth":106,"text":140543},{"id":140752,"depth":106,"text":141897},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140953,"depth":106,"text":141899},"What split() returns",{"id":141223,"depth":106,"text":141224,"children":141901},[141902,141903,141904],{"id":141230,"depth":113,"text":141231},{"id":141271,"depth":113,"text":141272},{"id":141325,"depth":113,"text":141326},{"id":141390,"depth":106,"text":141906},"When to use split()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":141908},[141909],{"id":61259,"depth":113,"text":61260},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":141911},[141912,141914,141916,141918],{"id":141811,"depth":113,"text":141913},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141828,"depth":113,"text":141915},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141838,"depth":113,"text":141917},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141846,"depth":113,"text":141847},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139900,"description":141920},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141927,"title":141928,"body":141929,"description":143872,"extension":2749,"meta":143873,"navigation":109,"path":143874,"seo":143875,"stem":143876,"__hash__":143877},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141930,"toc":143831},[141931,141936,141941,141948,142021,142026,142031,142036,142052,142054,142124,142126,142128,142148,142150,142195,142200,142202,142300,142305,142309,142314,142318,142321,142363,142367,142370,142415,142419,142422,142472,142476,142481,142533,142535,142540,142551,142556,142636,142638,142650,142659,142666,142681,142683,142798,142804,142808,142811,142816,142958,142961,142968,142970,142974,142982,143051,143057,143106,143111,143116,143118,143138,143140,143206,143208,143212,143215,143219,143260,143262,143295,143300,143303,143330,143332,143375,143382,143387,143397,143463,143467,143475,143480,143531,143535,143538,143540,143549,143551,143601,143603,143710,143712,143717,143724,143730,143733,143764,143769,143771,143778,143786,143795,143798,143800,143828],[10,141932,123906,141934,18],{"id":141933},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141935,128274],{},[20,141937,123911,141938,141940],{},[15,141939,128274],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141942,126972,141943,352,141945,141947],{},[15,141944,4385],{},[15,141946,4456],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[39,141949,141951],{"className":41,"code":141950,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141952,141953,141966,141970,141995],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141954,141955,141957,141959,141961,141964],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141956,35224],{"class":54},[48,141958,59],{"class":58},[48,141960,79],{"class":66},[48,141962,141963],{"class":70},"Python Beginner Help",[48,141965,4138],{"class":66},[48,141967,141968],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,141969,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,141971,141972,141974,141976,141978,141980,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,141973,276],{"class":147},[48,141975,151],{"class":62},[48,141977,35245],{"class":137},[48,141979,134],{"class":62},[48,141981,141982],{"class":137},"startswith",[48,141984,151],{"class":62},[48,141986,67],{"class":66},[48,141988,8066],{"class":70},[48,141990,67],{"class":66},[48,141992,6139],{"class":62},[48,141994,44399],{"class":4445},[48,141996,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142014,142016,142018],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,141998,276],{"class":147},[48,142000,151],{"class":62},[48,142002,35245],{"class":137},[48,142004,134],{"class":62},[48,142006,141982],{"class":137},[48,142008,151],{"class":62},[48,142010,67],{"class":66},[48,142012,142013],{"class":70},"Beginner",[48,142015,67],{"class":66},[48,142017,6139],{"class":62},[48,142019,142020],{"class":4445}," # False\n",[20,142022,189,142023,142025],{},[15,142024,128274],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[34,142027,196,142029,199],{"id":142028},"what-startswith-does",[15,142030,128274],{},[20,142032,142033,142035],{},[15,142034,128274],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[209,142037,142038,142041,142047,142049],{},[212,142039,142040],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[212,142042,5925,142043,352,142045],{},[15,142044,4385],{},[15,142046,4456],{},[212,142048,124049],{},[212,142050,142051],{},"It works only on strings",[20,142053,226],{},[39,142055,142057],{"className":41,"code":142056,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,142058,142059,142071,142075,142100],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142060,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142062,8645],{"class":54},[48,142064,59],{"class":58},[48,142066,79],{"class":66},[48,142068,8066],{"class":70},[48,142070,4138],{"class":66},[48,142072,142073],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142074,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,142076,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142094,142096,142098],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,142078,276],{"class":147},[48,142080,151],{"class":62},[48,142082,71],{"class":137},[48,142084,134],{"class":62},[48,142086,141982],{"class":137},[48,142088,151],{"class":62},[48,142090,67],{"class":66},[48,142092,142093],{"class":70},"Py",[48,142095,67],{"class":66},[48,142097,6139],{"class":62},[48,142099,44399],{"class":4445},[48,142101,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,142103,276],{"class":147},[48,142105,151],{"class":62},[48,142107,71],{"class":137},[48,142109,134],{"class":62},[48,142111,141982],{"class":137},[48,142113,151],{"class":62},[48,142115,67],{"class":66},[48,142117,129352],{"class":70},[48,142119,67],{"class":66},[48,142121,6139],{"class":62},[48,142123,44416],{"class":4445},[34,142125,360],{"id":359},[20,142127,42928],{},[39,142129,142131],{"className":41,"code":142130,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,142132,142133],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142134,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143,142146],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142136,61724],{"class":54},[48,142138,134],{"class":62},[48,142140,141982],{"class":137},[48,142142,151],{"class":62},[48,142144,142145],{"class":137},"prefix",[48,142147,162],{"class":62},[20,142149,31298],{},[39,142151,142153],{"className":41,"code":142152,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,142154,142155,142173],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142156,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142158,61724],{"class":54},[48,142160,134],{"class":62},[48,142162,141982],{"class":137},[48,142164,151],{"class":62},[48,142166,142145],{"class":137},[48,142168,87],{"class":62},[48,142170,36590],{"class":137},[48,142172,162],{"class":62},[48,142174,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142176,61724],{"class":54},[48,142178,134],{"class":62},[48,142180,141982],{"class":137},[48,142182,151],{"class":62},[48,142184,142145],{"class":137},[48,142186,87],{"class":62},[48,142188,36590],{"class":137},[48,142190,87],{"class":62},[48,142192,65591],{"class":137},[48,142194,162],{"class":62},[20,142196,21489,142197,142199],{},[15,142198,142145],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,142201,226],{},[39,142203,142205],{"className":41,"code":142204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,142206,142207,142219,142223,142248,142272],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142208,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142210,35224],{"class":54},[48,142212,59],{"class":58},[48,142214,79],{"class":66},[48,142216,60956],{"class":70},[48,142218,4138],{"class":66},[48,142220,142221],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142222,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,142224,142225,142227,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,142226,276],{"class":147},[48,142228,151],{"class":62},[48,142230,35245],{"class":137},[48,142232,134],{"class":62},[48,142234,141982],{"class":137},[48,142236,151],{"class":62},[48,142238,67],{"class":66},[48,142240,4628],{"class":70},[48,142242,67],{"class":66},[48,142244,6139],{"class":62},[48,142246,142247],{"class":4445},"      # True\n",[48,142249,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,142251,276],{"class":147},[48,142253,151],{"class":62},[48,142255,35245],{"class":137},[48,142257,134],{"class":62},[48,142259,141982],{"class":137},[48,142261,151],{"class":62},[48,142263,67],{"class":66},[48,142265,61141],{"class":70},[48,142267,67],{"class":66},[48,142269,6139],{"class":62},[48,142271,21918],{"class":4445},[48,142273,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,142275,276],{"class":147},[48,142277,151],{"class":62},[48,142279,35245],{"class":137},[48,142281,134],{"class":62},[48,142283,141982],{"class":137},[48,142285,151],{"class":62},[48,142287,67],{"class":66},[48,142289,61141],{"class":70},[48,142291,67],{"class":66},[48,142293,87],{"class":62},[48,142295,38184],{"class":99},[48,142297,6139],{"class":62},[48,142299,44399],{"class":4445},[20,142301,142302,142303,134],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[348,142304,125661],{"href":51522},[34,142306,142308],{"id":142307},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142310,142311,142313],{},[15,142312,128274],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1752,142315,142316],{"id":142145},[15,142317,142145],{},[20,142319,142320],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[39,142322,142324],{"className":41,"code":142323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142325,142326,142338],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142327,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142329,35224],{"class":54},[48,142331,59],{"class":58},[48,142333,79],{"class":66},[48,142335,1146],{"class":70},[48,142337,4138],{"class":66},[48,142339,142340,142342,142344,142346,142348,142350,142352,142354,142357,142359,142361],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142341,276],{"class":147},[48,142343,151],{"class":62},[48,142345,35245],{"class":137},[48,142347,134],{"class":62},[48,142349,141982],{"class":137},[48,142351,151],{"class":62},[48,142353,67],{"class":66},[48,142355,142356],{"class":70},"ban",[48,142358,67],{"class":66},[48,142360,6139],{"class":62},[48,142362,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,142364,142365],{"id":36611},[15,142366,36611],{},[20,142368,142369],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[39,142371,142373],{"className":41,"code":142372,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142374,142375,142387],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142376,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142378,35224],{"class":54},[48,142380,59],{"class":58},[48,142382,79],{"class":66},[48,142384,60956],{"class":70},[48,142386,4138],{"class":66},[48,142388,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142390,276],{"class":147},[48,142392,151],{"class":62},[48,142394,35245],{"class":137},[48,142396,134],{"class":62},[48,142398,141982],{"class":137},[48,142400,151],{"class":62},[48,142402,67],{"class":66},[48,142404,61141],{"class":70},[48,142406,67],{"class":66},[48,142408,87],{"class":62},[48,142410,38184],{"class":99},[48,142412,6139],{"class":62},[48,142414,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,142416,142417],{"id":53208},[15,142418,53208],{},[20,142420,142421],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[39,142423,142425],{"className":41,"code":142424,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142426,142427,142439],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142428,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142430,35224],{"class":54},[48,142432,59],{"class":58},[48,142434,79],{"class":66},[48,142436,60956],{"class":70},[48,142438,4138],{"class":66},[48,142440,142441,142443,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142442,276],{"class":147},[48,142444,151],{"class":62},[48,142446,35245],{"class":137},[48,142448,134],{"class":62},[48,142450,141982],{"class":137},[48,142452,151],{"class":62},[48,142454,67],{"class":66},[48,142456,142457],{"class":70},"wor",[48,142459,67],{"class":66},[48,142461,87],{"class":62},[48,142463,38184],{"class":99},[48,142465,87],{"class":62},[48,142467,54684],{"class":99},[48,142469,6139],{"class":62},[48,142471,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,142473,142475],{"id":142474},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142477,142478,142480],{},[15,142479,142145],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[39,142482,142484],{"className":41,"code":142483,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142485,142486,142499],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142487,142488,142490,142492,142494,142497],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142489,126989],{"class":54},[48,142491,59],{"class":58},[48,142493,79],{"class":66},[48,142495,142496],{"class":70},"img_001.png",[48,142498,4138],{"class":66},[48,142500,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142518,142520,142522,142524,142527,142529,142531],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142502,276],{"class":147},[48,142504,151],{"class":62},[48,142506,127007],{"class":137},[48,142508,134],{"class":62},[48,142510,141982],{"class":137},[48,142512,6287],{"class":62},[48,142514,67],{"class":66},[48,142516,142517],{"class":70},"img_",[48,142519,67],{"class":66},[48,142521,87],{"class":62},[48,142523,79],{"class":66},[48,142525,142526],{"class":70},"photo_",[48,142528,67],{"class":66},[48,142530,51638],{"class":62},[48,142532,4446],{"class":4445},[34,142534,18143],{"id":18142},[20,142536,142537,142539],{},[15,142538,128274],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[209,142541,142542,142547],{},[212,142543,142544,142546],{},[15,142545,4385],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[212,142548,142549,127591],{},[15,142550,4456],{},[20,142552,142553,142554,7942],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142555,7767],{},[39,142557,142559],{"className":41,"code":142558,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142560,142561,142575,142579,142600,142615,142621],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142562,142563,142566,142568,142570,142573],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142564,142565],{"class":54},"command ",[48,142567,59],{"class":58},[48,142569,79],{"class":66},[48,142571,142572],{"class":70},"\u002Fhelp",[48,142574,4138],{"class":66},[48,142576,142577],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142578,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,142580,142581,142583,142586,142588,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,142582,7767],{"class":116},[48,142584,142585],{"class":54}," command",[48,142587,134],{"class":62},[48,142589,141982],{"class":137},[48,142591,151],{"class":62},[48,142593,67],{"class":66},[48,142595,127798],{"class":70},[48,142597,67],{"class":66},[48,142599,9109],{"class":62},[48,142601,142602,142604,142606,142608,142611,142613],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,142603,148],{"class":147},[48,142605,151],{"class":62},[48,142607,67],{"class":66},[48,142609,142610],{"class":70},"This looks like a command.",[48,142612,67],{"class":66},[48,142614,162],{"class":62},[48,142616,142617,142619],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,142618,27966],{"class":116},[48,142620,1053],{"class":62},[48,142622,142623,142625,142627,142629,142632,142634],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,142624,148],{"class":147},[48,142626,151],{"class":62},[48,142628,67],{"class":66},[48,142630,142631],{"class":70},"This is normal text.",[48,142633,67],{"class":66},[48,142635,162],{"class":62},[20,142637,168],{},[39,142639,142641],{"className":41,"code":142640,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142642,142643],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142644,142645,142648],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142646,142647],{"class":54},"This looks like a command",[48,142649,122938],{"class":62},[34,142651,9185,142653,9471,142655,5174,142657],{"id":142652},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142654,128274],{},[15,142656,36611],{},[15,142658,53208],{},[20,142660,22,142661,5174,142663,142665],{},[15,142662,36611],{},[15,142664,53208],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[209,142667,142668,142673,142678],{},[212,142669,142670,142672],{},[15,142671,36611],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[212,142674,142675,142677],{},[15,142676,53208],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[212,142679,142680],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142682,226],{},[39,142684,142686],{"className":41,"code":142685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142687,142688,142700,142704,142733,142766],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142689,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142691,35224],{"class":54},[48,142693,59],{"class":58},[48,142695,79],{"class":66},[48,142697,140185],{"class":70},[48,142699,4138],{"class":66},[48,142701,142702],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142703,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,142705,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,142707,276],{"class":147},[48,142709,151],{"class":62},[48,142711,35245],{"class":137},[48,142713,134],{"class":62},[48,142715,141982],{"class":137},[48,142717,151],{"class":62},[48,142719,67],{"class":66},[48,142721,79822],{"class":70},[48,142723,67],{"class":66},[48,142725,87],{"class":62},[48,142727,3241],{"class":99},[48,142729,6139],{"class":62},[48,142731,142732],{"class":4445},"        # True\n",[48,142734,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757,142759,142762,142764],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,142736,276],{"class":147},[48,142738,151],{"class":62},[48,142740,35245],{"class":137},[48,142742,134],{"class":62},[48,142744,141982],{"class":137},[48,142746,151],{"class":62},[48,142748,67],{"class":66},[48,142750,134792],{"class":70},[48,142752,67],{"class":66},[48,142754,87],{"class":62},[48,142756,7134],{"class":99},[48,142758,87],{"class":62},[48,142760,142761],{"class":99}," 13",[48,142763,6139],{"class":62},[48,142765,4446],{"class":4445},[48,142767,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,142769,276],{"class":147},[48,142771,151],{"class":62},[48,142773,35245],{"class":137},[48,142775,134],{"class":62},[48,142777,141982],{"class":137},[48,142779,151],{"class":62},[48,142781,67],{"class":66},[48,142783,134792],{"class":70},[48,142785,67],{"class":66},[48,142787,87],{"class":62},[48,142789,7134],{"class":99},[48,142791,87],{"class":62},[48,142793,31477],{"class":99},[48,142795,6139],{"class":62},[48,142797,5553],{"class":4445},[20,142799,142800,142801,142803],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142802,53208],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[34,142805,142807],{"id":142806},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142809,142810],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142812,142813,142814,49894],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142815,41379],{},[39,142817,142819],{"className":41,"code":142818,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142820,142821,142835,142849,142863,142867,142891,142895,142916,142937],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142822,142823,142826,142828,142830,142833],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142824,142825],{"class":54},"filename1 ",[48,142827,59],{"class":58},[48,142829,79],{"class":66},[48,142831,142832],{"class":70},"img_101.jpg",[48,142834,4138],{"class":66},[48,142836,142837,142840,142842,142844,142847],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,142838,142839],{"class":54},"filename2 ",[48,142841,59],{"class":58},[48,142843,79],{"class":66},[48,142845,142846],{"class":70},"photo_202.jpg",[48,142848,4138],{"class":66},[48,142850,142851,142854,142856,142858,142861],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,142852,142853],{"class":54},"filename3 ",[48,142855,59],{"class":58},[48,142857,79],{"class":66},[48,142859,142860],{"class":70},"doc_303.jpg",[48,142862,4138],{"class":66},[48,142864,142865],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,142866,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,142868,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,142870,128201],{"class":54},[48,142872,59],{"class":58},[48,142874,330],{"class":62},[48,142876,67],{"class":66},[48,142878,142517],{"class":70},[48,142880,67],{"class":66},[48,142882,87],{"class":62},[48,142884,79],{"class":66},[48,142886,142526],{"class":70},[48,142888,67],{"class":66},[48,142890,162],{"class":62},[48,142892,142893],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,142894,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,142896,142897,142899,142901,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,142898,276],{"class":147},[48,142900,151],{"class":62},[48,142902,142903],{"class":137},"filename1",[48,142905,134],{"class":62},[48,142907,141982],{"class":137},[48,142909,151],{"class":62},[48,142911,128253],{"class":137},[48,142913,6139],{"class":62},[48,142915,4446],{"class":4445},[48,142917,142918,142920,142922,142925,142927,142929,142931,142933,142935],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,142919,276],{"class":147},[48,142921,151],{"class":62},[48,142923,142924],{"class":137},"filename2",[48,142926,134],{"class":62},[48,142928,141982],{"class":137},[48,142930,151],{"class":62},[48,142932,128253],{"class":137},[48,142934,6139],{"class":62},[48,142936,4446],{"class":4445},[48,142938,142939,142941,142943,142946,142948,142950,142952,142954,142956],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,142940,276],{"class":147},[48,142942,151],{"class":62},[48,142944,142945],{"class":137},"filename3",[48,142947,134],{"class":62},[48,142949,141982],{"class":137},[48,142951,151],{"class":62},[48,142953,128253],{"class":137},[48,142955,6139],{"class":62},[48,142957,5553],{"class":4445},[20,142959,142960],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142962,75323,142963,142967],{},[348,142964,126906,142965,2689],{"href":130500},[15,142966,126964],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[34,142969,124553],{"id":124552},[20,142971,142972,124364],{},[15,142973,128274],{},[20,142975,127951,142976,5174,142979,127958],{},[15,142977,142978],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142980,142981],{},"\"python\"",[39,142983,142985],{"className":41,"code":142984,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142986,142987,142999,143003,143027],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142988,142989,142991,142993,142995,142997],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142990,35224],{"class":54},[48,142992,59],{"class":58},[48,142994,79],{"class":66},[48,142996,8066],{"class":70},[48,142998,4138],{"class":66},[48,143000,143001],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143002,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,143004,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,143006,276],{"class":147},[48,143008,151],{"class":62},[48,143010,35245],{"class":137},[48,143012,134],{"class":62},[48,143014,141982],{"class":137},[48,143016,151],{"class":62},[48,143018,67],{"class":66},[48,143020,142093],{"class":70},[48,143022,67],{"class":66},[48,143024,6139],{"class":62},[48,143026,4446],{"class":4445},[48,143028,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,143030,276],{"class":147},[48,143032,151],{"class":62},[48,143034,35245],{"class":137},[48,143036,134],{"class":62},[48,143038,141982],{"class":137},[48,143040,151],{"class":62},[48,143042,67],{"class":66},[48,143044,129352],{"class":70},[48,143046,67],{"class":66},[48,143048,6139],{"class":62},[48,143050,5553],{"class":4445},[20,143052,128043,143053,134],{},[348,143054,143055],{"href":124633},[15,143056,124636],{},[39,143058,143060],{"className":41,"code":143059,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,143061,143062,143074,143078],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143063,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143065,35224],{"class":54},[48,143067,59],{"class":58},[48,143069,79],{"class":66},[48,143071,8066],{"class":70},[48,143073,4138],{"class":66},[48,143075,143076],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143077,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,143079,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092,143094,143096,143098,143100,143102,143104],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,143081,276],{"class":147},[48,143083,151],{"class":62},[48,143085,35245],{"class":137},[48,143087,134],{"class":62},[48,143089,9407],{"class":137},[48,143091,9404],{"class":62},[48,143093,141982],{"class":137},[48,143095,151],{"class":62},[48,143097,67],{"class":66},[48,143099,129352],{"class":70},[48,143101,67],{"class":66},[48,143103,6139],{"class":62},[48,143105,4446],{"class":4445},[34,143107,1545,143109],{"id":143108},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,143110,128274],{},[20,143112,143113,143115],{},[15,143114,128274],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,143117,10130],{},[209,143119,143120,143123,143126,143135],{},[212,143121,143122],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[212,143124,143125],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[212,143127,143128,143129,352,143132],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,143130,143131],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,143133,143134],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[212,143136,143137],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,143139,226],{},[39,143141,143143],{"className":41,"code":143142,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,143144,143145,143158,143162,143191],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143146,143147,143149,143151,143153,143156],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143148,127769],{"class":54},[48,143150,59],{"class":58},[48,143152,79],{"class":66},[48,143154,143155],{"class":70},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[48,143157,4138],{"class":66},[48,143159,143160],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143161,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,143163,143164,143166,143169,143171,143173,143175,143177,143179,143181,143183,143185,143187,143189],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,143165,7767],{"class":116},[48,143167,143168],{"class":54}," url",[48,143170,134],{"class":62},[48,143172,141982],{"class":137},[48,143174,6287],{"class":62},[48,143176,67],{"class":66},[48,143178,143131],{"class":70},[48,143180,67],{"class":66},[48,143182,87],{"class":62},[48,143184,79],{"class":66},[48,143186,143134],{"class":70},[48,143188,67],{"class":66},[48,143190,70114],{"class":62},[48,143192,143193,143195,143197,143199,143202,143204],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,143194,148],{"class":147},[48,143196,151],{"class":62},[48,143198,67],{"class":66},[48,143200,143201],{"class":70},"This looks like a web URL.",[48,143203,67],{"class":66},[48,143205,162],{"class":62},[34,143207,1745],{"id":1744},[20,143209,1748,143210,134],{},[15,143211,128274],{},[1752,143213,139346],{"id":143214},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,143216,143217,124364],{},[15,143218,128274],{},[39,143220,143222],{"className":41,"code":143221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,143223,143224,143236],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143225,143226,143228,143230,143232,143234],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143227,35224],{"class":54},[48,143229,59],{"class":58},[48,143231,79],{"class":66},[48,143233,8066],{"class":70},[48,143235,4138],{"class":66},[48,143237,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143239,276],{"class":147},[48,143241,151],{"class":62},[48,143243,35245],{"class":137},[48,143245,134],{"class":62},[48,143247,141982],{"class":137},[48,143249,151],{"class":62},[48,143251,67],{"class":66},[48,143253,43],{"class":70},[48,143255,67],{"class":66},[48,143257,6139],{"class":62},[48,143259,5553],{"class":4445},[20,143261,39803],{},[39,143263,143265],{"className":41,"code":143264,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,143266,143267],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143268,143269,143271,143273,143275,143277,143279,143281,143283,143285,143287,143289,143291,143293],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143270,276],{"class":147},[48,143272,151],{"class":62},[48,143274,35245],{"class":137},[48,143276,134],{"class":62},[48,143278,9407],{"class":137},[48,143280,9404],{"class":62},[48,143282,141982],{"class":137},[48,143284,151],{"class":62},[48,143286,67],{"class":66},[48,143288,43],{"class":70},[48,143290,67],{"class":66},[48,143292,6139],{"class":62},[48,143294,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,143296,30183,143298,137828],{"id":143297},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,143299,128274],{},[20,143301,143302],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[39,143304,143306],{"className":41,"code":143305,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,143307,143308,143316,143320,143325],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143309,143310,143312,143314],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143311,3231],{"class":54},[48,143313,59],{"class":58},[48,143315,125588],{"class":99},[48,143317,143318],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143319,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,143321,143322],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,143323,143324],{"class":4445},"# This will cause an error:\n",[48,143326,143327],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,143328,143329],{"class":4445},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143331,39803],{},[39,143333,143335],{"className":41,"code":143334,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143336,143337,143351],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143338,143339,143341,143343,143345,143347,143349],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143340,3231],{"class":54},[48,143342,59],{"class":58},[48,143344,49450],{"class":281},[48,143346,151],{"class":62},[48,143348,50792],{"class":99},[48,143350,162],{"class":62},[48,143352,143353,143355,143357,143359,143361,143363,143365,143367,143369,143371,143373],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143354,276],{"class":147},[48,143356,151],{"class":62},[48,143358,933],{"class":137},[48,143360,134],{"class":62},[48,143362,141982],{"class":137},[48,143364,151],{"class":62},[48,143366,67],{"class":66},[48,143368,3770],{"class":70},[48,143370,67],{"class":66},[48,143372,6139],{"class":62},[48,143374,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,143376,37744,143378,9471,143380],{"id":143377},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143379,128274],{},[15,143381,128],{},[20,143383,143384,143386],{},[15,143385,128274],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143388,143389,143390,143392,143393,134],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143391,128],{}," or methods like ",[348,143394,143395],{"href":124916},[15,143396,124901],{},[39,143398,143400],{"className":41,"code":143399,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143401,143402,143414,143418,143442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143403,143404,143406,143408,143410,143412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143405,35224],{"class":54},[48,143407,59],{"class":58},[48,143409,79],{"class":66},[48,143411,60956],{"class":70},[48,143413,4138],{"class":66},[48,143415,143416],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143417,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,143419,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143430,143432,143434,143436,143438,143440],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,143421,276],{"class":147},[48,143423,151],{"class":62},[48,143425,35245],{"class":137},[48,143427,134],{"class":62},[48,143429,141982],{"class":137},[48,143431,151],{"class":62},[48,143433,67],{"class":66},[48,143435,61141],{"class":70},[48,143437,67],{"class":66},[48,143439,6139],{"class":62},[48,143441,5553],{"class":4445},[48,143443,143444,143446,143448,143450,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,143445,276],{"class":147},[48,143447,151],{"class":62},[48,143449,67],{"class":66},[48,143451,61141],{"class":70},[48,143453,67],{"class":66},[48,143455,21891],{"class":116},[48,143457,43385],{"class":137},[48,143459,4442],{"class":62},[48,143461,143462],{"class":4445},"           # True\n",[20,143464,136380,143465,134],{},[348,143466,127942],{"href":124161},[1752,143468,5486,143470,5174,143472,143474],{"id":143469},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143471,36611],{},[15,143473,53208],{}," use index positions",[20,143476,143477,143478,134],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143479,2904],{},[39,143481,143483],{"className":41,"code":143482,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143484,143485,143498,143502],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143486,143487,143489,143491,143493,143496],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143488,35224],{"class":54},[48,143490,59],{"class":58},[48,143492,79],{"class":66},[48,143494,143495],{"class":70},"abcdef",[48,143497,4138],{"class":66},[48,143499,143500],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143501,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,143503,143504,143506,143508,143510,143512,143514,143516,143518,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,143505,276],{"class":147},[48,143507,151],{"class":62},[48,143509,35245],{"class":137},[48,143511,134],{"class":62},[48,143513,141982],{"class":137},[48,143515,151],{"class":62},[48,143517,67],{"class":66},[48,143519,143520],{"class":70},"cd",[48,143522,67],{"class":66},[48,143524,87],{"class":62},[48,143526,632],{"class":99},[48,143528,6139],{"class":62},[48,143530,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,143532,143534],{"id":143533},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143536,143537],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143539,17372],{},[39,143541,143543],{"className":41,"code":143542,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143544,143545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143546,143547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143548,143542],{"class":4445},[20,143550,17384],{},[39,143552,143554],{"className":41,"code":143553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143555,143556,143568],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143557,143558,143560,143562,143564,143566],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143559,35224],{"class":54},[48,143561,59],{"class":58},[48,143563,79],{"class":66},[48,143565,8066],{"class":70},[48,143567,4138],{"class":66},[48,143569,143570,143572,143574,143576,143578,143580,143582,143584,143586,143588,143590,143592,143595,143597,143599],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143571,276],{"class":147},[48,143573,151],{"class":62},[48,143575,35245],{"class":137},[48,143577,134],{"class":62},[48,143579,141982],{"class":137},[48,143581,6287],{"class":62},[48,143583,67],{"class":66},[48,143585,142093],{"class":70},[48,143587,67],{"class":66},[48,143589,87],{"class":62},[48,143591,79],{"class":66},[48,143593,143594],{"class":70},"Ja",[48,143596,67],{"class":66},[48,143598,51638],{"class":62},[48,143600,4446],{"class":4445},[20,143602,32617],{},[39,143604,143606],{"className":41,"code":143605,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143607,143608,143618,143632,143654,143680],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143609,143610,143612,143614,143616],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143611,276],{"class":147},[48,143613,151],{"class":62},[48,143615,35245],{"class":137},[48,143617,162],{"class":62},[48,143619,143620,143622,143624,143626,143628,143630],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143621,276],{"class":147},[48,143623,151],{"class":62},[48,143625,2094],{"class":281},[48,143627,151],{"class":62},[48,143629,35245],{"class":137},[48,143631,670],{"class":62},[48,143633,143634,143636,143638,143640,143642,143644,143646,143648,143650,143652],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,143635,276],{"class":147},[48,143637,151],{"class":62},[48,143639,35245],{"class":137},[48,143641,134],{"class":62},[48,143643,141982],{"class":137},[48,143645,151],{"class":62},[48,143647,67],{"class":66},[48,143649,142093],{"class":70},[48,143651,67],{"class":66},[48,143653,670],{"class":62},[48,143655,143656,143658,143660,143662,143664,143666,143668,143670,143672,143674,143676,143678],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,143657,276],{"class":147},[48,143659,151],{"class":62},[48,143661,35245],{"class":137},[48,143663,134],{"class":62},[48,143665,9407],{"class":137},[48,143667,9404],{"class":62},[48,143669,141982],{"class":137},[48,143671,151],{"class":62},[48,143673,67],{"class":66},[48,143675,129352],{"class":70},[48,143677,67],{"class":66},[48,143679,670],{"class":62},[48,143681,143682,143684,143686,143688,143690,143692,143694,143696,143698,143700,143702,143704,143706,143708],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,143683,276],{"class":147},[48,143685,151],{"class":62},[48,143687,35245],{"class":137},[48,143689,134],{"class":62},[48,143691,141982],{"class":137},[48,143693,6287],{"class":62},[48,143695,67],{"class":66},[48,143697,142093],{"class":70},[48,143699,67],{"class":66},[48,143701,87],{"class":62},[48,143703,79],{"class":66},[48,143705,143594],{"class":70},[48,143707,67],{"class":66},[48,143709,3693],{"class":62},[34,143711,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,143713,2606,143715,128752],{"id":143714},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143716,128274],{},[20,143718,143719,143720,352,143722,134],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143721,4385],{},[15,143723,4456],{},[1752,143725,5947,143727,143729],{"id":143726},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143728,128274],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143731,143732],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[39,143734,143736],{"className":41,"code":143735,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143737,143738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143739,143740,143742,143744,143746,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760,143762],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143741,35245],{"class":54},[48,143743,134],{"class":62},[48,143745,141982],{"class":137},[48,143747,6287],{"class":62},[48,143749,67],{"class":66},[48,143751,348],{"class":70},[48,143753,67],{"class":66},[48,143755,87],{"class":62},[48,143757,79],{"class":66},[48,143759,2059],{"class":70},[48,143761,67],{"class":66},[48,143763,670],{"class":62},[1752,143765,15632,143767,125242],{"id":143766},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143768,128274],{},[20,143770,130435],{},[1752,143772,5957,143774,5174,143776,2623],{"id":143773},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143775,128274],{},[15,143777,128],{},[20,143779,143780,143782,143783,143785],{},[15,143781,128274],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143784,128],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1752,143787,28861,143789,5174,143791,9471,143793,2623],{"id":143788},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143790,36611],{},[15,143792,53208],{},[15,143794,128274],{},[20,143796,143797],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[34,143799,2679],{"id":2678},[209,143801,143802,143808,143814,143820,143824],{},[212,143803,143804],{},[348,143805,126906,143806,2689],{"href":130500},[15,143807,126964],{},[212,143809,143810],{},[348,143811,126906,143812,2689],{"href":124916},[15,143813,124901],{},[212,143815,143816],{},[348,143817,126906,143818,2689],{"href":124633},[15,143819,124636],{},[212,143821,143822],{},[348,143823,125305],{"href":124161},[212,143825,143826],{},[348,143827,125661],{"href":51522},[2711,143829,143830],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":142307,"depth":106,"text":142308,"children":143837},[143838,143839,143840,143841],{"id":142145,"depth":113,"text":142145},{"id":36611,"depth":113,"text":36611},{"id":53208,"depth":113,"text":53208},{"id":142474,"depth":113,"text":142475},{"id":18142,"depth":106,"text":18143},{"id":142652,"depth":106,"text":143844},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142806,"depth":106,"text":142807},{"id":124552,"depth":106,"text":124553},{"id":143108,"depth":106,"text":143848},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":143850},[143851,143852,143854,143856,143858],{"id":143214,"depth":113,"text":139346},{"id":143297,"depth":113,"text":143853},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143377,"depth":113,"text":143855},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143469,"depth":113,"text":143857},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143533,"depth":113,"text":143534},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":143860},[143861,143863,143865,143867,143869],{"id":143714,"depth":113,"text":143862},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143726,"depth":113,"text":143864},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143766,"depth":113,"text":143866},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143773,"depth":113,"text":143868},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143788,"depth":113,"text":143870},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141928,"description":143872},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143879,"title":143880,"body":143881,"description":145335,"extension":2749,"meta":145336,"navigation":109,"path":145337,"seo":145338,"stem":145339,"__hash__":145340},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143882,"toc":145305},[143883,143888,143893,143896,143898,143942,143944,143952,143957,143962,143967,143969,143987,143989,144035,144037,144051,144060,144064,144066,144068,144080,144085,144088,144120,144122,144131,144136,144139,144180,144182,144190,144192,144205,144211,144215,144218,144234,144236,144285,144287,144296,144299,144358,144360,144369,144376,144379,144432,144434,144458,144465,144471,144475,144481,144484,144495,144497,144537,144539,144547,144549,144589,144591,144600,144602,144620,144623,144630,144641,144644,144661,144663,144740,144742,144773,144776,144778,144781,144807,144809,144849,144851,144860,144870,144878,144886,144891,144896,144898,144912,144914,144965,144967,144976,144986,144988,144990,145012,145015,145094,145096,145132,145135,145210,145215,145217,145223,145228,145233,145236,145242,145245,145252,145260,145264,145272,145274,145302],[10,143884,123906,143886,18],{"id":143885},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143887,42196],{},[20,143889,32852,143890,143892],{},[15,143891,42196],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143894,143895],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[34,143897,4390],{"id":4389},[39,143899,143901],{"className":41,"code":143900,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143902,143903,143916,143931],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143904,143905,143907,143909,143911,143914],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143906,35224],{"class":54},[48,143908,59],{"class":58},[48,143910,79],{"class":66},[48,143912,143913],{"class":70},"  hello  ",[48,143915,4138],{"class":66},[48,143917,143918,143921,143923,143925,143927,143929],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,143919,143920],{"class":54},"clean_text ",[48,143922,59],{"class":58},[48,143924,43385],{"class":54},[48,143926,134],{"class":62},[48,143928,9401],{"class":137},[48,143930,380],{"class":62},[48,143932,143933,143935,143937,143940],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,143934,276],{"class":147},[48,143936,151],{"class":62},[48,143938,143939],{"class":137},"clean_text",[48,143941,162],{"class":62},[20,143943,168],{},[39,143945,143946],{"className":41,"code":139221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,143947,143948],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143949,143950],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143951,139221],{"class":54},[20,143953,189,143954,143956],{},[15,143955,42196],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[34,143958,196,143960,199],{"id":143959},"what-strip-does",[15,143961,42196],{},[20,143963,143964,143966],{},[15,143965,42196],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143968,13792],{},[209,143970,143971,143975,143978,143981,143984],{},[212,143972,143973,132256],{},[15,143974,42196],{},[212,143976,143977],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[212,143979,143980],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[212,143982,143983],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[212,143985,143986],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143988,226],{},[39,143990,143992],{"className":41,"code":143991,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143993,143994,144007,144011,144025],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143995,143996,143998,144000,144002,144005],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143997,35224],{"class":54},[48,143999,59],{"class":58},[48,144001,79],{"class":66},[48,144003,144004],{"class":70},"  hello world  ",[48,144006,4138],{"class":66},[48,144008,144009],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144010,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,144012,144013,144015,144017,144019,144021,144023],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,144014,276],{"class":147},[48,144016,151],{"class":62},[48,144018,35245],{"class":137},[48,144020,134],{"class":62},[48,144022,9401],{"class":137},[48,144024,1203],{"class":62},[48,144026,144027,144029,144031,144033],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,144028,276],{"class":147},[48,144030,151],{"class":62},[48,144032,35245],{"class":137},[48,144034,162],{"class":62},[20,144036,168],{},[39,144038,144040],{"className":41,"code":144039,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,144041,144042,144046],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144043,144044],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144045,134922],{"class":54},[48,144047,144048],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144049,144050],{"class":54},"  hello world\n",[20,144052,144053,144054,144056,144057,144059],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,144055,42196],{},", but the original ",[15,144058,35245],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,144061,125658,144062,134],{},[348,144063,125661],{"href":51522},[34,144065,360],{"id":359},[20,144067,27019],{},[209,144069,144070,144075],{},[212,144071,144072],{},[15,144073,144074],{},"string.strip()",[212,144076,144077],{},[15,144078,144079],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1752,144081,144083],{"id":144082},"stringstrip",[15,144084,144074],{},[20,144086,144087],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[39,144089,144091],{"className":41,"code":144090,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,144092,144093,144106],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144094,144095,144097,144099,144101,144104],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144096,8645],{"class":54},[48,144098,59],{"class":58},[48,144100,79],{"class":66},[48,144102,144103],{"class":70},"  Alice  ",[48,144105,4138],{"class":66},[48,144107,144108,144110,144112,144114,144116,144118],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144109,276],{"class":147},[48,144111,151],{"class":62},[48,144113,71],{"class":137},[48,144115,134],{"class":62},[48,144117,9401],{"class":137},[48,144119,1203],{"class":62},[20,144121,168],{},[39,144123,144125],{"className":41,"code":144124,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Alice\n",[15,144126,144127],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144128,144129],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144130,144124],{"class":54},[1752,144132,144134],{"id":144133},"stringstripchars",[15,144135,144079],{},[20,144137,144138],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[39,144140,144142],{"className":41,"code":144141,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144143,144144,144157],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144145,144146,144148,144150,144152,144155],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144147,35224],{"class":54},[48,144149,59],{"class":58},[48,144151,79],{"class":66},[48,144153,144154],{"class":70},"!!hello??",[48,144156,4138],{"class":66},[48,144158,144159,144161,144163,144165,144167,144169,144171,144173,144176,144178],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144160,276],{"class":147},[48,144162,151],{"class":62},[48,144164,35245],{"class":137},[48,144166,134],{"class":62},[48,144168,9401],{"class":137},[48,144170,151],{"class":62},[48,144172,67],{"class":66},[48,144174,144175],{"class":70},"!?",[48,144177,67],{"class":66},[48,144179,670],{"class":62},[20,144181,168],{},[39,144183,144184],{"className":41,"code":139221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,144185,144186],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144187,144188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144189,139221],{"class":54},[20,144191,84372],{},[209,144193,144194,144199],{},[212,144195,144196,144198],{},[15,144197,135165],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[212,144200,144201,144202,144204],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,144203,135165],{}," does not matter",[34,144206,144208,144209],{"id":144207},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,144210,42196],{},[20,144212,31419,144213,134],{},[15,144214,42196],{},[20,144216,144217],{},"It is useful for:",[209,144219,144220,144225,144228,144231],{},[212,144221,144222,144223,4667],{},"Cleaning ",[15,144224,3739],{},[212,144226,144227],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[212,144229,144230],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[212,144232,144233],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,144235,48907],{},[39,144237,144239],{"className":41,"code":144238,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,144240,144241,144254,144270,144274],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144242,144243,144245,144247,144249,144252],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144244,8729],{"class":54},[48,144246,59],{"class":58},[48,144248,79],{"class":66},[48,144250,144251],{"class":70},"  sam  ",[48,144253,4138],{"class":66},[48,144255,144256,144259,144261,144264,144266,144268],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144257,144258],{"class":54},"clean_username ",[48,144260,59],{"class":58},[48,144262,144263],{"class":54}," username",[48,144265,134],{"class":62},[48,144267,9401],{"class":137},[48,144269,380],{"class":62},[48,144271,144272],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,144273,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,144275,144276,144278,144280,144283],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,144277,276],{"class":147},[48,144279,151],{"class":62},[48,144281,144282],{"class":137},"clean_username",[48,144284,162],{"class":62},[20,144286,168],{},[39,144288,144290],{"className":41,"code":144289,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"sam\n",[15,144291,144292],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144293,144294],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144295,144289],{"class":54},[20,144297,144298],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[39,144300,144302],{"className":41,"code":144301,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144303,144304,144317,144321,144343],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144305,144306,144308,144310,144312,144315],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144307,137149],{"class":54},[48,144309,59],{"class":58},[48,144311,79],{"class":66},[48,144313,144314],{"class":70}," yes  ",[48,144316,4138],{"class":66},[48,144318,144319],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144320,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,144322,144323,144325,144327,144329,144331,144333,144335,144337,144339,144341],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,144324,7767],{"class":116},[48,144326,137169],{"class":54},[48,144328,134],{"class":62},[48,144330,9401],{"class":137},[48,144332,8135],{"class":62},[48,144334,7181],{"class":58},[48,144336,79],{"class":66},[48,144338,9424],{"class":70},[48,144340,67],{"class":66},[48,144342,1053],{"class":62},[48,144344,144345,144347,144349,144351,144354,144356],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,144346,148],{"class":147},[48,144348,151],{"class":62},[48,144350,67],{"class":66},[48,144352,144353],{"class":70},"Matched",[48,144355,67],{"class":66},[48,144357,162],{"class":62},[20,144359,168],{},[39,144361,144363],{"className":41,"code":144362,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Matched\n",[15,144364,144365],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144366,144367],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144368,144362],{"class":54},[20,144370,144371,144372,134],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[348,144373,144375],{"href":144374},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144377,144378],{},"Example with file-style text:",[39,144380,144382],{"className":41,"code":144381,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144383,144384,144400,144414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144385,144386,144389,144391,144393,144396,144398],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144387,144388],{"class":54},"line ",[48,144390,59],{"class":58},[48,144392,79],{"class":66},[48,144394,144395],{"class":70},"Python basics",[48,144397,87704],{"class":34989},[48,144399,4138],{"class":66},[48,144401,144402,144404,144406,144408,144410,144412],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144403,276],{"class":147},[48,144405,151],{"class":62},[48,144407,42322],{"class":147},[48,144409,151],{"class":62},[48,144411,50],{"class":137},[48,144413,670],{"class":62},[48,144415,144416,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428,144430],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,144417,276],{"class":147},[48,144419,151],{"class":62},[48,144421,42322],{"class":147},[48,144423,151],{"class":62},[48,144425,50],{"class":137},[48,144427,134],{"class":62},[48,144429,9401],{"class":137},[48,144431,294],{"class":62},[20,144433,168],{},[39,144435,144437],{"className":41,"code":144436,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144438,144439,144450],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144440,144441,144443,144445,144448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144442,311],{"class":43872},[48,144444,144395],{"class":43876},[48,144446,87704],{"class":144447},"sfi6f",[48,144449,30233],{"class":43872},[48,144451,144452,144454,144456],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144453,311],{"class":43872},[48,144455,144395],{"class":43876},[48,144457,30233],{"class":43872},[20,144459,9185,144460,144462,144463,134],{},[15,144461,123120],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144464,87704],{},[20,144466,144467,144468,134],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[348,144469,144470],{"href":88357},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[34,144472,144474],{"id":144473},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144476,144477,144478,134],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144479,144480],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144482,144483],{},"Python will:",[209,144485,144486,144489,144492],{},[212,144487,144488],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[212,144490,144491],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[212,144493,144494],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144496,226],{},[39,144498,144500],{"className":41,"code":144499,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144501,144502,144515],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144503,144504,144506,144508,144510,144513],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144505,35224],{"class":54},[48,144507,59],{"class":58},[48,144509,79],{"class":66},[48,144511,144512],{"class":70},"??hello!!",[48,144514,4138],{"class":66},[48,144516,144517,144519,144521,144523,144525,144527,144529,144531,144533,144535],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144518,276],{"class":147},[48,144520,151],{"class":62},[48,144522,35245],{"class":137},[48,144524,134],{"class":62},[48,144526,9401],{"class":137},[48,144528,151],{"class":62},[48,144530,67],{"class":66},[48,144532,144175],{"class":70},[48,144534,67],{"class":66},[48,144536,670],{"class":62},[20,144538,168],{},[39,144540,144541],{"className":41,"code":139221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,144542,144543],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144544,144545],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144546,139221],{"class":54},[20,144548,52627],{},[39,144550,144552],{"className":41,"code":144551,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144553,144554,144567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144555,144556,144558,144560,144562,144565],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144557,35224],{"class":54},[48,144559,59],{"class":58},[48,144561,79],{"class":66},[48,144563,144564],{"class":70},"abcHelloCba",[48,144566,4138],{"class":66},[48,144568,144569,144571,144573,144575,144577,144579,144581,144583,144585,144587],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144570,276],{"class":147},[48,144572,151],{"class":62},[48,144574,35245],{"class":137},[48,144576,134],{"class":62},[48,144578,9401],{"class":137},[48,144580,151],{"class":62},[48,144582,67],{"class":66},[48,144584,42103],{"class":70},[48,144586,67],{"class":66},[48,144588,670],{"class":62},[20,144590,168],{},[39,144592,144594],{"className":41,"code":144593,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"HelloC\n",[15,144595,144596],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144597,144598],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144599,144593],{"class":54},[20,144601,7010],{},[20,144603,144604,14784,144607,144609,144610,144612,144613,2973,144615,2977,144617,144619],{},[15,144605,144606],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[166,144608,5413],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144611,42103],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144614,348],{},[15,144616,2059],{},[15,144618,2265],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144621,144622],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144624,144625,144626,7401],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[348,144627,144628],{"href":130487},[15,144629,125077],{},[34,144631,144633,1306,144635,1306,144638],{"id":144632},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144634,42196],{},[15,144636,144637],{},"lstrip()",[15,144639,144640],{},"rstrip()",[20,144642,144643],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[209,144645,144646,144651,144656],{},[212,144647,144648,144650],{},[15,144649,42196],{}," removes from both ends",[212,144652,144653,144655],{},[15,144654,144637],{}," removes from the left side only",[212,144657,144658,144660],{},[15,144659,144640],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144662,226],{},[39,144664,144666],{"className":41,"code":144665,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144667,144668,144680,144684,144702,144721],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144669,144670,144672,144674,144676,144678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144671,35224],{"class":54},[48,144673,59],{"class":58},[48,144675,79],{"class":66},[48,144677,143913],{"class":70},[48,144679,4138],{"class":66},[48,144681,144682],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144683,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,144685,144686,144688,144690,144692,144694,144696,144698,144700],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,144687,276],{"class":147},[48,144689,151],{"class":62},[48,144691,42322],{"class":147},[48,144693,151],{"class":62},[48,144695,35245],{"class":137},[48,144697,134],{"class":62},[48,144699,9401],{"class":137},[48,144701,294],{"class":62},[48,144703,144704,144706,144708,144710,144712,144714,144716,144719],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,144705,276],{"class":147},[48,144707,151],{"class":62},[48,144709,42322],{"class":147},[48,144711,151],{"class":62},[48,144713,35245],{"class":137},[48,144715,134],{"class":62},[48,144717,144718],{"class":137},"lstrip",[48,144720,294],{"class":62},[48,144722,144723,144725,144727,144729,144731,144733,144735,144738],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,144724,276],{"class":147},[48,144726,151],{"class":62},[48,144728,42322],{"class":147},[48,144730,151],{"class":62},[48,144732,35245],{"class":137},[48,144734,134],{"class":62},[48,144736,144737],{"class":137},"rstrip",[48,144739,294],{"class":62},[20,144741,168],{},[39,144743,144745],{"className":41,"code":144744,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144746,144747,144755,144764],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144748,144749,144751,144753],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144750,311],{"class":43872},[48,144752,4628],{"class":43876},[48,144754,30233],{"class":43872},[48,144756,144757,144759,144762],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144758,311],{"class":43872},[48,144760,144761],{"class":43876},"hello  ",[48,144763,30233],{"class":43872},[48,144765,144766,144768,144771],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,144767,311],{"class":43872},[48,144769,144770],{"class":43876},"  hello",[48,144772,30233],{"class":43872},[20,144774,144775],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[34,144777,108914],{"id":108913},[20,144779,144780],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[209,144782,144783,144791,144801,144804],{},[212,144784,144785,144787,144788,144790],{},[15,144786,144606],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144789,42072],{}," once",[212,144792,144793,144794,2973,144796,2977,144798,144800],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144795,348],{},[15,144797,2059],{},[15,144799,2265],{}," from both ends",[212,144802,144803],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[212,144805,144806],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144808,226],{},[39,144810,144812],{"className":41,"code":144811,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144813,144814,144827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144815,144816,144818,144820,144822,144825],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144817,126989],{"class":54},[48,144819,59],{"class":58},[48,144821,79],{"class":66},[48,144823,144824],{"class":70},"txt_report.txt",[48,144826,4138],{"class":66},[48,144828,144829,144831,144833,144835,144837,144839,144841,144843,144845,144847],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144830,276],{"class":147},[48,144832,151],{"class":62},[48,144834,127007],{"class":137},[48,144836,134],{"class":62},[48,144838,9401],{"class":137},[48,144840,151],{"class":62},[48,144842,67],{"class":66},[48,144844,127042],{"class":70},[48,144846,67],{"class":66},[48,144848,670],{"class":62},[20,144850,168],{},[39,144852,144854],{"className":41,"code":144853,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"_report\n",[15,144855,144856],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144857,144858],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144859,144853],{"class":54},[20,144861,144862,144863,2973,144865,2977,144867,144869],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144864,134],{},[15,144866,63837],{},[15,144868,611],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144871,54201,144872,5565,144875,144877],{},[15,144873,144874],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[166,144876,5413],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144879,144880,144881,144885],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[348,144882,144883],{"href":130487},[15,144884,125077],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[34,144887,1545,144889],{"id":144888},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144890,42196],{},[20,144892,189,144893,144895],{},[15,144894,42196],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144897,36965],{},[209,144899,144900,144904,144906,144909],{},[212,144901,144222,144902,4667],{},[15,144903,3739],{},[212,144905,144227],{},[212,144907,144908],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[212,144910,144911],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144913,226],{},[39,144915,144917],{"className":41,"code":144916,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144918,144919,144933,144937,144950],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144920,144921,144924,144926,144928,144931],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144922,144923],{"class":54},"email ",[48,144925,59],{"class":58},[48,144927,79],{"class":66},[48,144929,144930],{"class":70},"  user@example.com  ",[48,144932,4138],{"class":66},[48,144934,144935],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,144936,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,144938,144939,144941,144944,144946,144948],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,144940,7767],{"class":116},[48,144942,144943],{"class":54}," email",[48,144945,134],{"class":62},[48,144947,9401],{"class":137},[48,144949,141],{"class":62},[48,144951,144952,144954,144956,144958,144961,144963],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,144953,148],{"class":147},[48,144955,151],{"class":62},[48,144957,67],{"class":66},[48,144959,144960],{"class":70},"Email was entered",[48,144962,67],{"class":66},[48,144964,162],{"class":62},[20,144966,168],{},[39,144968,144970],{"className":41,"code":144969,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Email was entered\n",[15,144971,144972],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144973,144974],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144975,144969],{"class":54},[20,144977,144978,144979,144981,144982,134],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144980,42196],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[348,144983,144984],{"href":124633},[15,144985,124636],{},[34,144987,1745],{"id":1744},[20,144989,84791],{},[209,144991,144992,144996,145001,145006],{},[212,144993,2015,144994,132126],{},[15,144995,42196],{},[212,144997,2015,144998,145000],{},[15,144999,42196],{}," to remove text from the middle",[212,145002,9185,145003,145005],{},[15,145004,144874],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[212,145007,5486,145008,145011],{},[15,145009,145010],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,145013,145014],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[39,145016,145018],{"className":41,"code":145017,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,145019,145020,145034,145038,145048,145062,145076],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145021,145022,145024,145026,145028,145030,145032],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145023,35224],{"class":54},[48,145025,59],{"class":58},[48,145027,79],{"class":66},[48,145029,144770],{"class":70},[48,145031,87704],{"class":34989},[48,145033,4138],{"class":66},[48,145035,145036],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145037,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,145039,145040,145042,145044,145046],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145041,276],{"class":147},[48,145043,151],{"class":62},[48,145045,35245],{"class":137},[48,145047,162],{"class":62},[48,145049,145050,145052,145054,145056,145058,145060],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,145051,276],{"class":147},[48,145053,151],{"class":62},[48,145055,42322],{"class":147},[48,145057,151],{"class":62},[48,145059,35245],{"class":137},[48,145061,670],{"class":62},[48,145063,145064,145066,145068,145070,145072,145074],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,145065,276],{"class":147},[48,145067,151],{"class":62},[48,145069,35245],{"class":137},[48,145071,134],{"class":62},[48,145073,9401],{"class":137},[48,145075,1203],{"class":62},[48,145077,145078,145080,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090,145092],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,145079,276],{"class":147},[48,145081,151],{"class":62},[48,145083,42322],{"class":147},[48,145085,151],{"class":62},[48,145087,35245],{"class":137},[48,145089,134],{"class":62},[48,145091,9401],{"class":137},[48,145093,294],{"class":62},[20,145095,168],{},[39,145097,145099],{"className":41,"code":145098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,145100,145101,145106,145110,145120,145124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145102,145103],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145104,145105],{"class":54},"  hello\n",[48,145107,145108],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145109,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,145111,145112,145114,145116,145118],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145113,311],{"class":43872},[48,145115,144770],{"class":43876},[48,145117,87704],{"class":144447},[48,145119,30233],{"class":43872},[48,145121,145122],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,145123,139221],{"class":54},[48,145125,145126,145128,145130],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,145127,311],{"class":43872},[48,145129,4628],{"class":43876},[48,145131,30233],{"class":43872},[20,145133,145134],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[39,145136,145138],{"className":41,"code":145137,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,145139,145140,145150,145164,145178,145196],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145141,145142,145144,145146,145148],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145143,276],{"class":147},[48,145145,151],{"class":62},[48,145147,35245],{"class":137},[48,145149,162],{"class":62},[48,145151,145152,145154,145156,145158,145160,145162],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145153,276],{"class":147},[48,145155,151],{"class":62},[48,145157,42322],{"class":147},[48,145159,151],{"class":62},[48,145161,35245],{"class":137},[48,145163,670],{"class":62},[48,145165,145166,145168,145170,145172,145174,145176],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145167,276],{"class":147},[48,145169,151],{"class":62},[48,145171,35245],{"class":137},[48,145173,134],{"class":62},[48,145175,9401],{"class":137},[48,145177,1203],{"class":62},[48,145179,145180,145182,145184,145186,145188,145190,145192,145194],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,145181,276],{"class":147},[48,145183,151],{"class":62},[48,145185,42322],{"class":147},[48,145187,151],{"class":62},[48,145189,35245],{"class":137},[48,145191,134],{"class":62},[48,145193,9401],{"class":137},[48,145195,294],{"class":62},[48,145197,145198,145200,145202,145204,145206,145208],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,145199,32687],{"class":147},[48,145201,151],{"class":62},[48,145203,4223],{"class":281},[48,145205,134],{"class":62},[48,145207,9401],{"class":25281},[48,145209,162],{"class":62},[20,145211,145212,145214],{},[15,145213,123120],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[34,145216,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,145218,2606,145220,145222],{"id":145219},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,145221,42196],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,145224,46910,145225,145227],{},[15,145226,42196],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1752,145229,2606,145231,125233],{"id":145230},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,145232,42196],{},[20,145234,145235],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1752,145237,5920,145239,145241],{"id":145238},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,145240,42196],{}," remove by default?",[20,145243,145244],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1752,145246,34741,145248,34744,145250,2623],{"id":145247},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,145249,42196],{},[15,145251,125077],{},[20,145253,145254,145256,145257,145259],{},[15,145255,42196],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,145258,125077],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1752,145261,145263],{"id":145262},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,145265,128779,145266,145268,145269,145271],{},[15,145267,144637],{}," for the left side and ",[15,145270,144640],{}," for the right side.",[34,145273,2679],{"id":2678},[209,145275,145276,145282,145288,145293,145298],{},[212,145277,145278],{},[348,145279,126906,145280,2689],{"href":124633},[15,145281,124636],{},[212,145283,145284],{},[348,145285,126906,145286,2689],{"href":130487},[15,145287,125077],{},[212,145289,145290],{},[348,145291,145292],{"href":144374},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[212,145294,145295],{},[348,145296,145297],{"href":88357},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[212,145299,145300],{},[348,145301,125661],{"href":51522},[2711,145303,145304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":145306},[145307,145308,145310,145314,145316,145317,145319,145320,145322,145323,145334],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":143959,"depth":106,"text":145309},"What strip() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":145311},[145312,145313],{"id":144082,"depth":113,"text":144074},{"id":144133,"depth":113,"text":144079},{"id":144207,"depth":106,"text":145315},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144473,"depth":106,"text":144474},{"id":144632,"depth":106,"text":145318},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108913,"depth":106,"text":108914},{"id":144888,"depth":106,"text":145321},"When to use strip()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":145324},[145325,145327,145329,145331,145333],{"id":145219,"depth":113,"text":145326},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145230,"depth":113,"text":145328},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145238,"depth":113,"text":145330},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145247,"depth":113,"text":145332},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145262,"depth":113,"text":145263},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143880,"description":145335},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145342,"title":145343,"body":145344,"description":146524,"extension":2749,"meta":146525,"navigation":109,"path":146526,"seo":146527,"stem":146528,"__hash__":146529},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145345,"toc":146494},[145346,145351,145356,145361,145363,145409,145417,145422,145436,145442,145444,145446,145461,145463,145473,145476,145507,145510,145533,145535,145538,145595,145597,145611,145613,145627,145633,145638,145641,145682,145684,145693,145701,145704,145749,145751,145760,145763,145767,145772,145786,145788,145820,145822,145842,145845,145850,145855,145857,145868,145871,145928,145930,145938,145947,145949,145951,145957,145959,145996,145998,146006,146008,146049,146051,146060,146065,146070,146072,146099,146106,146109,146140,146142,146151,146157,146166,146197,146199,146211,146224,146228,146233,146263,146265,146332,146334,146344,146346,146351,146354,146359,146364,146368,146374,146380,146383,146385,146443,146445,146453,146455,146491],[10,145347,123906,145349,18],{"id":145348},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145350,128784],{},[20,145352,123911,145353,145355],{},[15,145354,128784],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145357,85168,145358,145360],{},[15,145359,128784],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[34,145362,37],{"id":36},[39,145364,145366],{"className":41,"code":145365,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145367,145368,145380,145394,145404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145369,145370,145372,145374,145376,145378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145371,35224],{"class":54},[48,145373,59],{"class":58},[48,145375,79],{"class":66},[48,145377,129625],{"class":70},[48,145379,4138],{"class":66},[48,145381,145382,145384,145386,145388,145390,145392],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145383,449],{"class":54},[48,145385,59],{"class":58},[48,145387,43385],{"class":54},[48,145389,134],{"class":62},[48,145391,35014],{"class":137},[48,145393,380],{"class":62},[48,145395,145396,145398,145400,145402],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145397,276],{"class":147},[48,145399,151],{"class":62},[48,145401,474],{"class":137},[48,145403,162],{"class":62},[48,145405,145406],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,145407,145408],{"class":4445},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145410,145411,145413,145414,145416],{},[15,145412,128784],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[166,145415,5413],{}," change the original string in place.",[34,145418,196,145420,199],{"id":145419},"what-upper-does",[15,145421,128784],{},[209,145423,145424,145429,145432,145434],{},[212,145425,145426,145428],{},[15,145427,128784],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[212,145430,145431],{},"It works on string values only",[212,145433,134154],{},[212,145435,136872],{},[20,145437,125658,145438,352,145440,134],{},[348,145439,136878],{"href":136877},[348,145441,125661],{"href":51522},[34,145443,360],{"id":359},[20,145445,2944],{},[39,145447,145449],{"className":41,"code":145448,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.upper()\n",[15,145450,145451],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145452,145453,145455,145457,145459],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145454,61724],{"class":54},[48,145456,134],{"class":62},[48,145458,35014],{"class":137},[48,145460,380],{"class":62},[20,145462,207],{},[209,145464,145465,145467,145470],{},[212,145466,98079],{},[212,145468,145469],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[212,145471,145472],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145474,145475],{},"Example with a variable:",[39,145477,145479],{"className":41,"code":145478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145480,145481,145493],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145482,145483,145485,145487,145489,145491],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145484,8645],{"class":54},[48,145486,59],{"class":58},[48,145488,79],{"class":66},[48,145490,43],{"class":70},[48,145492,4138],{"class":66},[48,145494,145495,145497,145499,145501,145503,145505],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145496,276],{"class":147},[48,145498,151],{"class":62},[48,145500,71],{"class":137},[48,145502,134],{"class":62},[48,145504,35014],{"class":137},[48,145506,1203],{"class":62},[20,145508,145509],{},"Example with a string literal:",[39,145511,145513],{"className":41,"code":145512,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145514,145515],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145516,145517,145519,145521,145523,145525,145527,145529,145531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145518,276],{"class":147},[48,145520,151],{"class":62},[48,145522,67],{"class":66},[48,145524,4628],{"class":70},[48,145526,67],{"class":66},[48,145528,134],{"class":62},[48,145530,35014],{"class":137},[48,145532,1203],{"class":62},[34,145534,12225],{"id":12224},[20,145536,145537],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[39,145539,145541],{"className":41,"code":145540,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145542,145543,145555,145570,145574,145584],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145544,145545,145547,145549,145551,145553],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145546,6929],{"class":54},[48,145548,59],{"class":58},[48,145550,79],{"class":66},[48,145552,1146],{"class":70},[48,145554,4138],{"class":66},[48,145556,145557,145560,145562,145564,145566,145568],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145558,145559],{"class":54},"uppercase_word ",[48,145561,59],{"class":58},[48,145563,38922],{"class":54},[48,145565,134],{"class":62},[48,145567,35014],{"class":137},[48,145569,380],{"class":62},[48,145571,145572],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145573,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,145575,145576,145578,145580,145582],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,145577,276],{"class":147},[48,145579,151],{"class":62},[48,145581,38932],{"class":137},[48,145583,162],{"class":62},[48,145585,145586,145588,145590,145593],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,145587,276],{"class":147},[48,145589,151],{"class":62},[48,145591,145592],{"class":137},"uppercase_word",[48,145594,162],{"class":62},[20,145596,168],{},[39,145598,145600],{"className":41,"code":145599,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145601,145602,145606],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145603,145604],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145605,70957],{"class":54},[48,145607,145608],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145609,145610],{"class":34989},"BANANA\n",[20,145612,113020],{},[209,145614,145615,145620],{},[212,145616,145617,145619],{},[15,145618,38932],{}," keeps its original value",[212,145621,145622,145624,145625],{},[15,145623,145592],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145626,128784],{},[34,145628,145630,145632],{"id":145629},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145631,128784],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145634,137538,145635,145637],{},[166,145636,137541],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145639,145640],{},"So this method:",[39,145642,145644],{"className":41,"code":145643,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145645,145646,145658,145668,145672],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145647,145648,145650,145652,145654,145656],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145649,8645],{"class":54},[48,145651,59],{"class":58},[48,145653,79],{"class":66},[48,145655,18526],{"class":70},[48,145657,4138],{"class":66},[48,145659,145660,145662,145664,145666],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145661,71],{"class":54},[48,145663,134],{"class":62},[48,145665,35014],{"class":137},[48,145667,380],{"class":62},[48,145669,145670],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145671,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,145673,145674,145676,145678,145680],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,145675,276],{"class":147},[48,145677,151],{"class":62},[48,145679,71],{"class":137},[48,145681,162],{"class":62},[20,145683,168],{},[39,145685,145687],{"className":41,"code":145686,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"alice\n",[15,145688,145689],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145690,145691],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145692,145686],{"class":54},[20,145694,21695,145695,145697,145698,145700],{},[15,145696,128784],{}," was called, ",[15,145699,71],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145702,145703],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[39,145705,145707],{"className":41,"code":145706,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145708,145709,145721,145735,145739],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145710,145711,145713,145715,145717,145719],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145712,8645],{"class":54},[48,145714,59],{"class":58},[48,145716,79],{"class":66},[48,145718,18526],{"class":70},[48,145720,4138],{"class":66},[48,145722,145723,145725,145727,145729,145731,145733],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145724,8645],{"class":54},[48,145726,59],{"class":58},[48,145728,36530],{"class":54},[48,145730,134],{"class":62},[48,145732,35014],{"class":137},[48,145734,380],{"class":62},[48,145736,145737],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145738,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,145740,145741,145743,145745,145747],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,145742,276],{"class":147},[48,145744,151],{"class":62},[48,145746,71],{"class":137},[48,145748,162],{"class":62},[20,145750,168],{},[39,145752,145754],{"className":41,"code":145753,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ALICE\n",[15,145755,145756],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145757,145758],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145759,145753],{"class":34989},[20,145761,145762],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[34,145764,145766],{"id":145765},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145768,145769,145771],{},[15,145770,128784],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[209,145773,145774,145777,145780,145783],{},[212,145775,145776],{},"Numbers stay the same",[212,145778,145779],{},"Spaces stay the same",[212,145781,145782],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[212,145784,145785],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145787,226],{},[39,145789,145791],{"className":41,"code":145790,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145792,145793,145806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145794,145795,145797,145799,145801,145804],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145796,35224],{"class":54},[48,145798,59],{"class":58},[48,145800,79],{"class":66},[48,145802,145803],{"class":70},"Room 7, table #3!",[48,145805,4138],{"class":66},[48,145807,145808,145810,145812,145814,145816,145818],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145809,276],{"class":147},[48,145811,151],{"class":62},[48,145813,35245],{"class":137},[48,145815,134],{"class":62},[48,145817,35014],{"class":137},[48,145819,1203],{"class":62},[20,145821,168],{},[39,145823,145825],{"className":41,"code":145824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145826,145827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145828,145829,145832,145834,145836,145839],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145830,145831],{"class":34989},"ROOM",[48,145833,6769],{"class":99},[48,145835,87],{"class":62},[48,145837,145838],{"class":34989}," TABLE",[48,145840,145841],{"class":4445}," #3!\n",[20,145843,145844],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[34,145846,1545,145848],{"id":145847},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145849,128784],{},[20,145851,145852,145854],{},[15,145853,128784],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145856,48885],{},[209,145858,145859,145862,145865],{},[212,145860,145861],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[212,145863,145864],{},"Format labels or headings",[212,145866,145867],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145869,145870],{},"Example: simple comparison",[39,145872,145874],{"className":41,"code":145873,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145875,145876,145888,145892,145914],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145877,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145879,137149],{"class":54},[48,145881,59],{"class":58},[48,145883,79],{"class":66},[48,145885,9424],{"class":70},[48,145887,4138],{"class":66},[48,145889,145890],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145891,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,145893,145894,145896,145898,145900,145902,145904,145906,145908,145910,145912],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145895,7767],{"class":116},[48,145897,137169],{"class":54},[48,145899,134],{"class":62},[48,145901,35014],{"class":137},[48,145903,8135],{"class":62},[48,145905,7181],{"class":58},[48,145907,79],{"class":66},[48,145909,137156],{"class":70},[48,145911,67],{"class":66},[48,145913,1053],{"class":62},[48,145915,145916,145918,145920,145922,145924,145926],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,145917,148],{"class":147},[48,145919,151],{"class":62},[48,145921,67],{"class":66},[48,145923,144353],{"class":70},[48,145925,67],{"class":66},[48,145927,162],{"class":62},[20,145929,168],{},[39,145931,145932],{"className":41,"code":144362,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,145933,145934],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145935,145936],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145937,144362],{"class":54},[20,145939,145940,145941,2973,145943,2977,145945,134],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145942,9424],{},[15,145944,137942],{},[15,145946,137156],{},[34,145948,1745],{"id":1744},[1752,145950,96440],{"id":96439},[20,145952,8883,145953,145956],{},[15,145954,145955],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145958,17372],{},[39,145960,145962],{"className":41,"code":145961,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145963,145964,145976,145986],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145965,145966,145968,145970,145972,145974],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145967,35224],{"class":54},[48,145969,59],{"class":58},[48,145971,79],{"class":66},[48,145973,4628],{"class":70},[48,145975,4138],{"class":66},[48,145977,145978,145980,145982,145984],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,145979,35245],{"class":54},[48,145981,134],{"class":62},[48,145983,35014],{"class":137},[48,145985,380],{"class":62},[48,145987,145988,145990,145992,145994],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,145989,276],{"class":147},[48,145991,151],{"class":62},[48,145993,35245],{"class":137},[48,145995,162],{"class":62},[20,145997,168],{},[39,145999,146000],{"className":41,"code":139221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146001,146002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146003,146004],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146005,139221],{"class":54},[20,146007,17384],{},[39,146009,146011],{"className":41,"code":146010,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,146012,146013,146025,146039],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146014,146015,146017,146019,146021,146023],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146016,35224],{"class":54},[48,146018,59],{"class":58},[48,146020,79],{"class":66},[48,146022,4628],{"class":70},[48,146024,4138],{"class":66},[48,146026,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146028,35224],{"class":54},[48,146030,59],{"class":58},[48,146032,43385],{"class":54},[48,146034,134],{"class":62},[48,146036,35014],{"class":137},[48,146038,380],{"class":62},[48,146040,146041,146043,146045,146047],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,146042,276],{"class":147},[48,146044,151],{"class":62},[48,146046,35245],{"class":137},[48,146048,162],{"class":62},[20,146050,168],{},[39,146052,146054],{"className":41,"code":146053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"HELLO\n",[15,146055,146056],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146057,146058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146059,146053],{"class":34989},[1752,146061,19628,146063,137828],{"id":146062},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,146064,128784],{},[20,146066,146067,146069],{},[15,146068,128784],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,146071,226],{},[39,146073,146075],{"className":41,"code":146074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,146076,146077,146085],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146078,146079,146081,146083],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146080,3001],{"class":54},[48,146082,59],{"class":58},[48,146084,125588],{"class":99},[48,146086,146087,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146088,276],{"class":147},[48,146090,151],{"class":62},[48,146092,3023],{"class":137},[48,146094,134],{"class":62},[48,146096,35014],{"class":137},[48,146098,1203],{"class":62},[20,146100,40195,146101,146103,146104,34136],{},[15,146102,2972],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,146105,128784],{},[20,146107,146108],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[39,146110,146112],{"className":41,"code":146111,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,146113,146114,146122],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146115,146116,146118,146120],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146117,3001],{"class":54},[48,146119,59],{"class":58},[48,146121,125588],{"class":99},[48,146123,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146125,276],{"class":147},[48,146127,151],{"class":62},[48,146129,4223],{"class":281},[48,146131,151],{"class":62},[48,146133,3023],{"class":137},[48,146135,9398],{"class":62},[48,146137,35014],{"class":137},[48,146139,1203],{"class":62},[20,146141,168],{},[39,146143,146145],{"className":41,"code":146144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"123\n",[15,146146,146147],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146148,146149],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146150,146144],{"class":99},[1752,146152,37744,146154,146156],{"id":146153},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,146155,128784],{}," with title case",[20,146158,146159,146161,146162,146165],{},[15,146160,128784],{}," makes ",[166,146163,146164],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[39,146167,146169],{"className":41,"code":146168,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,146170,146171,146183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146172,146173,146175,146177,146179,146181],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146174,35224],{"class":54},[48,146176,59],{"class":58},[48,146178,79],{"class":66},[48,146180,60956],{"class":70},[48,146182,4138],{"class":66},[48,146184,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193,146195],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146186,276],{"class":147},[48,146188,151],{"class":62},[48,146190,35245],{"class":137},[48,146192,134],{"class":62},[48,146194,35014],{"class":137},[48,146196,1203],{"class":62},[20,146198,168],{},[39,146200,146202],{"className":41,"code":146201,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,146203,146204],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146205,146206,146208],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146207,136930],{"class":34989},[48,146209,146210],{"class":34989}," WORLD\n",[20,146212,146213,146214,146218,146219,146223],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[348,146215,146216],{"href":124633},[15,146217,124636],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[348,146220,146221],{"href":130487},[15,146222,125077],{}," changes parts of a string.",[34,146225,146227],{"id":146226},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,146229,146230,146231,76],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,146232,128784],{},[209,146234,146235,146242,146249,146256],{},[212,146236,146237,146241],{},[348,146238,146239],{"href":124633},[15,146240,124636],{}," for lowercase text",[212,146243,146244,146248],{},[348,146245,146246],{"href":137476},[15,146247,42196],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[212,146250,146251,146255],{},[348,146252,146253],{"href":130487},[15,146254,125077],{}," for changing parts of a string",[212,146257,146258,5174,146260,146262],{},[15,146259,128274],{},[15,146261,126964],{}," for checks",[20,146264,226],{},[39,146266,146268],{"className":41,"code":146267,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,146269,146270,146282,146286,146301,146317,146321],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146271,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146273,35224],{"class":54},[48,146275,59],{"class":58},[48,146277,79],{"class":66},[48,146279,144004],{"class":70},[48,146281,4138],{"class":66},[48,146283,146284],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146285,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,146287,146288,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,146289,146290],{"class":54},"cleaned ",[48,146292,59],{"class":58},[48,146294,43385],{"class":54},[48,146296,134],{"class":62},[48,146298,9401],{"class":137},[48,146300,380],{"class":62},[48,146302,146303,146306,146308,146311,146313,146315],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,146304,146305],{"class":54},"loud ",[48,146307,59],{"class":58},[48,146309,146310],{"class":54}," cleaned",[48,146312,134],{"class":62},[48,146314,35014],{"class":137},[48,146316,380],{"class":62},[48,146318,146319],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,146320,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,146322,146323,146325,146327,146330],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,146324,276],{"class":147},[48,146326,151],{"class":62},[48,146328,146329],{"class":137},"loud",[48,146331,162],{"class":62},[20,146333,168],{},[39,146335,146336],{"className":41,"code":146201,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146337,146338],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146339,146340,146342],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146341,136930],{"class":34989},[48,146343,146210],{"class":34989},[34,146345,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,146347,2606,146349,125233],{"id":146348},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146350,128784],{},[20,146352,146353],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1752,146355,2606,146357,138210],{"id":146356},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146358,128784],{},[20,146360,146361,146362,134],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146363,145955],{},[1752,146365,146367],{"id":146366},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146369,146370,146371,146373],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146372,128784],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1752,146375,28861,146377,146379],{"id":146376},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146378,128784],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146381,146382],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146384,226],{},[39,146386,146388],{"className":41,"code":146387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146389,146390,146402,146415,146419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146391,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146393,3338],{"class":54},[48,146395,59],{"class":58},[48,146397,79],{"class":66},[48,146399,43],{"class":70},[48,146401,4138],{"class":66},[48,146403,146404,146406,146408,146410,146413],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146405,3365],{"class":54},[48,146407,59],{"class":58},[48,146409,79],{"class":66},[48,146411,146412],{"class":70},"PYTHON",[48,146414,4138],{"class":66},[48,146416,146417],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,146418,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,146420,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,146422,276],{"class":147},[48,146424,151],{"class":62},[48,146426,348],{"class":137},[48,146428,134],{"class":62},[48,146430,35014],{"class":137},[48,146432,8135],{"class":62},[48,146434,7181],{"class":58},[48,146436,3343],{"class":137},[48,146438,134],{"class":62},[48,146440,35014],{"class":137},[48,146442,1203],{"class":62},[20,146444,168],{},[39,146446,146447],{"className":41,"code":4761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146448,146449],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146450,146451],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146452,4761],{"class":1642},[34,146454,2679],{"id":2678},[209,146456,146457,146461,146467,146473,146479,146483,146487],{},[212,146458,146459],{},[348,146460,125661],{"href":51522},[212,146462,146463],{},[348,146464,126906,146465,2689],{"href":124633},[15,146466,124636],{},[212,146468,146469],{},[348,146470,126906,146471,2689],{"href":137476},[15,146472,42196],{},[212,146474,146475],{},[348,146476,126906,146477,2689],{"href":130487},[15,146478,125077],{},[212,146480,146481],{},[348,146482,91234],{"href":90243},[212,146484,146485],{},[348,146486,125305],{"href":124161},[212,146488,146489],{},[348,146490,138296],{"href":136877},[2711,146492,146493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":146495},[146496,146497,146499,146500,146501,146503,146504,146506,146513,146514,146523],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":145419,"depth":106,"text":146498},"What upper() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":145629,"depth":106,"text":146502},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145765,"depth":106,"text":145766},{"id":145847,"depth":106,"text":146505},"When to use upper()",{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":146507},[146508,146509,146511],{"id":96439,"depth":113,"text":96440},{"id":146062,"depth":113,"text":146510},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":146153,"depth":113,"text":146512},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146226,"depth":106,"text":146227},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":146515},[146516,146518,146520,146521],{"id":146348,"depth":113,"text":146517},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146356,"depth":113,"text":146519},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146366,"depth":113,"text":146367},{"id":146376,"depth":113,"text":146522},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145343,"description":146524},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146531,"title":146532,"body":146533,"description":148410,"extension":2749,"meta":148411,"navigation":109,"path":148412,"seo":148413,"stem":148414,"__hash__":148415},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146534,"toc":148360},[146535,146541,146548,146554,146556,146612,146617,146622,146627,146630,146649,146652,146654,146678,146696,146707,146709,146712,146765,146767,146775,146777,146795,146800,146803,146860,146862,146871,146874,146894,146897,146903,146908,146910,146953,146955,146963,146966,147007,147009,147018,147024,147030,147057,147059,147067,147072,147076,147088,147131,147133,147141,147146,147152,147157,147161,147163,147206,147209,147256,147258,147267,147274,147278,147281,147327,147332,147336,147338,147381,147384,147392,147394,147399,147401,147403,147422,147425,147437,147439,147458,147460,147468,147472,147474,147525,147528,147603,147605,147613,147616,147620,147622,147669,147672,147743,147745,147753,147759,147761,147836,147840,147919,147921,147929,147935,147941,147946,147951,148000,148004,148075,148078,148083,148094,148097,148108,148118,148120,148125,148150,148155,148236,148238,148263,148265,148270,148273,148279,148288,148294,148297,148303,148309,148316,148319,148321,148357],[10,146536,4356,146538,4360],{"id":146537},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146539,146540],{},"sum()",[20,146542,9890,146543,146545,146546,25295],{},[15,146544,146540],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146547,60548],{},[20,146549,146550,146551,146553],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146552,36611],{}," value and a few important limits.",[34,146555,37],{"id":36},[39,146557,146559],{"className":41,"code":146558,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146560,146561,146585,146600],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146562,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146564,2232],{"class":54},[48,146566,59],{"class":58},[48,146568,4404],{"class":62},[48,146570,3770],{"class":99},[48,146572,87],{"class":62},[48,146574,632],{"class":99},[48,146576,87],{"class":62},[48,146578,800],{"class":99},[48,146580,87],{"class":62},[48,146582,3241],{"class":99},[48,146584,1465],{"class":62},[48,146586,146587,146589,146591,146594,146596,146598],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146588,41725],{"class":54},[48,146590,59],{"class":58},[48,146592,146593],{"class":147}," sum",[48,146595,151],{"class":62},[48,146597,2411],{"class":137},[48,146599,162],{"class":62},[48,146601,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,146603,276],{"class":147},[48,146605,151],{"class":62},[48,146607,41754],{"class":137},[48,146609,4442],{"class":62},[48,146611,27327],{"class":4445},[20,146613,189,146614,146616],{},[15,146615,146540],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[34,146618,196,146620,199],{"id":146619},"what-sum-does",[15,146621,146540],{},[20,146623,146624,146626],{},[15,146625,146540],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146628,146629],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[209,146631,146632,146635,146638,146643],{},[212,146633,146634],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[212,146636,146637],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[212,146639,146640,146641],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146642,36737],{},[212,146644,146645,146646,146648],{},"Counting ",[15,146647,4385],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146650,146651],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[34,146653,360],{"id":359},[39,146655,146657],{"className":41,"code":146656,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146658,146659],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146660,146661,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146662,146663],{"class":147},"sum",[48,146665,151],{"class":62},[48,146667,4502],{"class":137},[48,146669,87],{"class":62},[48,146671,36590],{"class":9941},[48,146673,59],{"class":58},[48,146675,2904],{"class":99},[48,146677,162],{"class":62},[209,146679,146680,146685,146690],{},[212,146681,146682,146684],{},[15,146683,4502],{}," is the group of values to add",[212,146686,146687,146689],{},[15,146688,36611],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[212,146691,146692,146693],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146694,146695],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146697,146698,146699,146702,146703,134],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146700,146701,4502],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[348,146704,146705,25148],{"href":36734},[15,146706,36737],{},[34,146708,12225],{"id":12224},[20,146710,146711],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[39,146713,146715],{"className":41,"code":146714,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146716,146717,146737,146751,146755],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146718,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146720,2232],{"class":54},[48,146722,59],{"class":58},[48,146724,4404],{"class":62},[48,146726,2921],{"class":99},[48,146728,87],{"class":62},[48,146730,2493],{"class":99},[48,146732,87],{"class":62},[48,146734,38477],{"class":99},[48,146736,1465],{"class":62},[48,146738,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146740,41725],{"class":54},[48,146742,59],{"class":58},[48,146744,146593],{"class":147},[48,146746,151],{"class":62},[48,146748,2411],{"class":137},[48,146750,162],{"class":62},[48,146752,146753],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,146754,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,146756,146757,146759,146761,146763],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,146758,276],{"class":147},[48,146760,151],{"class":62},[48,146762,41754],{"class":137},[48,146764,162],{"class":62},[20,146766,168],{},[39,146768,146769],{"className":41,"code":70391,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146770,146771],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146772,146773],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146774,70391],{"class":99},[20,146776,12431],{},[209,146778,146779,146784,146790],{},[212,146780,146781,146783],{},[15,146782,2411],{}," contains three integers",[212,146785,146786,146789],{},[15,146787,146788],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[212,146791,146792,146793],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146794,41754],{},[34,146796,37152,146798,159],{"id":146797},"using-the-start-value",[15,146799,36611],{},[20,146801,146802],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[39,146804,146806],{"className":41,"code":146805,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146807,146808,146828,146846,146850],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146809,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146811,2232],{"class":54},[48,146813,59],{"class":58},[48,146815,4404],{"class":62},[48,146817,3770],{"class":99},[48,146819,87],{"class":62},[48,146821,632],{"class":99},[48,146823,87],{"class":62},[48,146825,800],{"class":99},[48,146827,1465],{"class":62},[48,146829,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146831,41725],{"class":54},[48,146833,59],{"class":58},[48,146835,146593],{"class":147},[48,146837,151],{"class":62},[48,146839,2411],{"class":137},[48,146841,87],{"class":62},[48,146843,2493],{"class":99},[48,146845,162],{"class":62},[48,146847,146848],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,146849,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,146851,146852,146854,146856,146858],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,146853,276],{"class":147},[48,146855,151],{"class":62},[48,146857,41754],{"class":137},[48,146859,162],{"class":62},[20,146861,168],{},[39,146863,146865],{"className":41,"code":146864,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"16\n",[15,146866,146867],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146868,146869],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146870,146864],{"class":99},[20,146872,146873],{},"This works like:",[209,146875,146876,146881,146886,146890],{},[212,146877,146878,146879],{},"Start at ",[15,146880,3114],{},[212,146882,146883,146884],{},"Add ",[15,146885,3770],{},[212,146887,146883,146888],{},[15,146889,2842],{},[212,146891,146883,146892],{},[15,146893,2848],{},[20,146895,146896],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[34,146898,196,146900,146902],{"id":146899},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146901,146540],{}," can work with",[20,146904,146905,146907],{},[15,146906,146540],{}," works with numeric values.",[1752,146909,40967],{"id":40966},[39,146911,146913],{"className":41,"code":146912,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146914,146915,146939],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146916,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146918,4605],{"class":54},[48,146920,59],{"class":58},[48,146922,4404],{"class":62},[48,146924,3770],{"class":99},[48,146926,87],{"class":62},[48,146928,632],{"class":99},[48,146930,87],{"class":62},[48,146932,800],{"class":99},[48,146934,87],{"class":62},[48,146936,3241],{"class":99},[48,146938,1465],{"class":62},[48,146940,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146942,276],{"class":147},[48,146944,151],{"class":62},[48,146946,146663],{"class":147},[48,146948,151],{"class":62},[48,146950,1415],{"class":137},[48,146952,670],{"class":62},[20,146954,168],{},[39,146956,146957],{"className":41,"code":3160,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146958,146959],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146960,146961],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146962,3160],{"class":99},[1752,146964,146965],{"id":52593},"Floats",[39,146967,146969],{"className":41,"code":146968,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146970,146971,146993],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146972,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983,146986,146988,146991],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146974,83599],{"class":54},[48,146976,59],{"class":58},[48,146978,4404],{"class":62},[48,146980,41701],{"class":99},[48,146982,87],{"class":62},[48,146984,146985],{"class":99}," 3.75",[48,146987,87],{"class":62},[48,146989,146990],{"class":99}," 1.25",[48,146992,1465],{"class":62},[48,146994,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,146996,276],{"class":147},[48,146998,151],{"class":62},[48,147000,146663],{"class":147},[48,147002,151],{"class":62},[48,147004,83635],{"class":137},[48,147006,670],{"class":62},[20,147008,168],{},[39,147010,147012],{"className":41,"code":147011,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"7.5\n",[15,147013,147014],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147015,147016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147017,147011],{"class":99},[20,147019,147020,147021,134],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[348,147022,147023],{"href":3203},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1752,147025,147027,147028],{"id":147026},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,147029,36737],{},[39,147031,147033],{"className":41,"code":147032,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,147034,147035],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147036,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147038,276],{"class":147},[48,147040,151],{"class":62},[48,147042,146663],{"class":147},[48,147044,151],{"class":62},[48,147046,60548],{"class":147},[48,147048,151],{"class":62},[48,147050,3770],{"class":99},[48,147052,87],{"class":62},[48,147054,38184],{"class":99},[48,147056,3693],{"class":62},[20,147058,168],{},[39,147060,147061],{"className":41,"code":47586,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,147062,147063],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147064,147065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147066,47586],{"class":99},[20,147068,114110,147069,134],{},[15,147070,147071],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1752,147073,147075],{"id":147074},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,147077,147078,147079,147081,147082,5174,147084,147081,147086,134],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,147080,4385],{}," acts like ",[15,147083,3770],{},[15,147085,4456],{},[15,147087,2904],{},[39,147089,147091],{"className":41,"code":147090,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,147092,147093,147117],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147094,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147096,52513],{"class":54},[48,147098,59],{"class":58},[48,147100,4404],{"class":62},[48,147102,4385],{"class":1642},[48,147104,87],{"class":62},[48,147106,4688],{"class":1642},[48,147108,87],{"class":62},[48,147110,4697],{"class":1642},[48,147112,87],{"class":62},[48,147114,4697],{"class":1642},[48,147116,1465],{"class":62},[48,147118,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147120,276],{"class":147},[48,147122,151],{"class":62},[48,147124,146663],{"class":147},[48,147126,151],{"class":62},[48,147128,52566],{"class":137},[48,147130,670],{"class":62},[20,147132,168],{},[39,147134,147135],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,147136,147137],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147138,147139],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147140,47162],{"class":99},[20,147142,147143,147144,134],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,147145,4385],{},[34,147147,196,147149,147151],{"id":147148},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,147150,146540],{}," does not work with",[20,147153,147154,147156],{},[15,147155,146540],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1752,147158,147160],{"id":147159},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,147162,3618],{},[39,147164,147166],{"className":41,"code":147165,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,147167,147168,147192],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147169,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147171,4852],{"class":54},[48,147173,59],{"class":58},[48,147175,4404],{"class":62},[48,147177,67],{"class":66},[48,147179,4628],{"class":70},[48,147181,67],{"class":66},[48,147183,87],{"class":62},[48,147185,79],{"class":66},[48,147187,61141],{"class":70},[48,147189,67],{"class":66},[48,147191,1465],{"class":62},[48,147193,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202,147204],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147195,276],{"class":147},[48,147197,151],{"class":62},[48,147199,146663],{"class":147},[48,147201,151],{"class":62},[48,147203,4894],{"class":137},[48,147205,670],{"class":62},[20,147207,147208],{},"Use string joining instead:",[39,147210,147212],{"className":41,"code":147211,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,147213,147214,147238],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147215,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147217,4852],{"class":54},[48,147219,59],{"class":58},[48,147221,4404],{"class":62},[48,147223,67],{"class":66},[48,147225,4628],{"class":70},[48,147227,67],{"class":66},[48,147229,87],{"class":62},[48,147231,79],{"class":66},[48,147233,61141],{"class":70},[48,147235,67],{"class":66},[48,147237,1465],{"class":62},[48,147239,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147241,276],{"class":147},[48,147243,151],{"class":62},[48,147245,7047],{"class":66},[48,147247,134],{"class":62},[48,147249,134065],{"class":137},[48,147251,151],{"class":62},[48,147253,4894],{"class":137},[48,147255,670],{"class":62},[20,147257,168],{},[39,147259,147261],{"className":41,"code":147260,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"helloworld\n",[15,147262,147263],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147264,147265],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147266,147260],{"class":54},[20,147268,147269,147270,134],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[348,147271,147272,6560],{"href":42718},[15,147273,48229],{},[1752,147275,147277],{"id":147276},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,147279,147280],{},"This also causes an error:",[39,147282,147284],{"className":41,"code":147283,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,147285,147286,147313],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147287,147288,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147289,147290],{"class":54},"lists ",[48,147292,59],{"class":58},[48,147294,56842],{"class":62},[48,147296,3770],{"class":99},[48,147298,87],{"class":62},[48,147300,632],{"class":99},[48,147302,18785],{"class":62},[48,147304,4404],{"class":62},[48,147306,2848],{"class":99},[48,147308,87],{"class":62},[48,147310,3241],{"class":99},[48,147312,53790],{"class":62},[48,147314,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147316,276],{"class":147},[48,147318,151],{"class":62},[48,147320,146663],{"class":147},[48,147322,151],{"class":62},[48,147324,6078],{"class":137},[48,147326,670],{"class":62},[20,147328,147329,147331],{},[15,147330,146540],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1752,147333,147335],{"id":147334},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147337,6249],{},[39,147339,147341],{"className":41,"code":147340,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147342,147343,147367],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147344,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147346,4605],{"class":54},[48,147348,59],{"class":58},[48,147350,4404],{"class":62},[48,147352,3770],{"class":99},[48,147354,87],{"class":62},[48,147356,632],{"class":99},[48,147358,87],{"class":62},[48,147360,79],{"class":66},[48,147362,2848],{"class":70},[48,147364,67],{"class":66},[48,147366,1465],{"class":62},[48,147368,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147370,276],{"class":147},[48,147372,151],{"class":62},[48,147374,146663],{"class":147},[48,147376,151],{"class":62},[48,147378,1415],{"class":137},[48,147380,670],{"class":62},[20,147382,147383],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147385,147386,147387,147389,147390,134],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147388,66496],{},", convert them first. See ",[348,147391,3744],{"href":3743},[34,147393,42047],{"id":42046},[20,147395,147396,147397,134],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147398,146540],{},[1752,147400,7294],{"id":7293},[20,147402,5307],{},[39,147404,147406],{"className":41,"code":147405,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147407,147408],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147409,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147411,276],{"class":147},[48,147413,151],{"class":62},[48,147415,146663],{"class":147},[48,147417,151],{"class":62},[48,147419,2921],{"class":99},[48,147421,670],{"class":62},[20,147423,147424],{},"Why it fails:",[209,147426,147427,147432],{},[212,147428,147429,147431],{},[15,147430,2921],{}," is a single integer",[212,147433,147434,147436],{},[15,147435,146540],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147438,7324],{},[39,147440,147442],{"className":41,"code":147441,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147443,147444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147445,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147447,276],{"class":147},[48,147449,151],{"class":62},[48,147451,146663],{"class":147},[48,147453,3767],{"class":62},[48,147455,2921],{"class":99},[48,147457,3781],{"class":62},[20,147459,168],{},[39,147461,147462],{"className":41,"code":3728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,147463,147464],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147465,147466],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147467,3728],{"class":99},[1752,147469,147471],{"id":147470},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147473,5307],{},[39,147475,147477],{"className":41,"code":147476,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147478,147479,147511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147480,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147482,4605],{"class":54},[48,147484,59],{"class":58},[48,147486,4404],{"class":62},[48,147488,67],{"class":66},[48,147490,3770],{"class":70},[48,147492,67],{"class":66},[48,147494,87],{"class":62},[48,147496,79],{"class":66},[48,147498,2842],{"class":70},[48,147500,67],{"class":66},[48,147502,87],{"class":62},[48,147504,79],{"class":66},[48,147506,2848],{"class":70},[48,147508,67],{"class":66},[48,147510,1465],{"class":62},[48,147512,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521,147523],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147514,276],{"class":147},[48,147516,151],{"class":62},[48,147518,146663],{"class":147},[48,147520,151],{"class":62},[48,147522,1415],{"class":137},[48,147524,670],{"class":62},[20,147526,147527],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[39,147529,147531],{"className":41,"code":147530,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147532,147533,147565,147593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147534,147535,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147536,4605],{"class":54},[48,147538,59],{"class":58},[48,147540,4404],{"class":62},[48,147542,67],{"class":66},[48,147544,3770],{"class":70},[48,147546,67],{"class":66},[48,147548,87],{"class":62},[48,147550,79],{"class":66},[48,147552,2842],{"class":70},[48,147554,67],{"class":66},[48,147556,87],{"class":62},[48,147558,79],{"class":66},[48,147560,2848],{"class":70},[48,147562,67],{"class":66},[48,147564,1465],{"class":62},[48,147566,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147568,41725],{"class":54},[48,147570,59],{"class":58},[48,147572,146593],{"class":147},[48,147574,151],{"class":62},[48,147576,2972],{"class":281},[48,147578,151],{"class":62},[48,147580,611],{"class":137},[48,147582,4442],{"class":62},[48,147584,4659],{"class":116},[48,147586,4662],{"class":137},[48,147588,128],{"class":116},[48,147590,4667],{"class":137},[48,147592,162],{"class":62},[48,147594,147595,147597,147599,147601],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,147596,276],{"class":147},[48,147598,151],{"class":62},[48,147600,41754],{"class":137},[48,147602,162],{"class":62},[20,147604,168],{},[39,147606,147607],{"className":41,"code":3438,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,147608,147609],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147610,147611],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147612,3438],{"class":99},[20,147614,147615],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1752,147617,147619],{"id":147618},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147621,5307],{},[39,147623,147625],{"className":41,"code":147624,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147626,147627,147655],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147628,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147630,4605],{"class":54},[48,147632,59],{"class":58},[48,147634,4404],{"class":62},[48,147636,3770],{"class":99},[48,147638,87],{"class":62},[48,147640,632],{"class":99},[48,147642,87],{"class":62},[48,147644,79],{"class":66},[48,147646,2848],{"class":70},[48,147648,67],{"class":66},[48,147650,87],{"class":62},[48,147652,3241],{"class":99},[48,147654,1465],{"class":62},[48,147656,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665,147667],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147658,276],{"class":147},[48,147660,151],{"class":62},[48,147662,146663],{"class":147},[48,147664,151],{"class":62},[48,147666,1415],{"class":137},[48,147668,670],{"class":62},[20,147670,147671],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[39,147673,147675],{"className":41,"code":147674,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147676,147677,147705,147733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147678,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147680,4605],{"class":54},[48,147682,59],{"class":58},[48,147684,4404],{"class":62},[48,147686,3770],{"class":99},[48,147688,87],{"class":62},[48,147690,632],{"class":99},[48,147692,87],{"class":62},[48,147694,79],{"class":66},[48,147696,2848],{"class":70},[48,147698,67],{"class":66},[48,147700,87],{"class":62},[48,147702,3241],{"class":99},[48,147704,1465],{"class":62},[48,147706,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147708,41725],{"class":54},[48,147710,59],{"class":58},[48,147712,146593],{"class":147},[48,147714,151],{"class":62},[48,147716,2972],{"class":281},[48,147718,151],{"class":62},[48,147720,611],{"class":137},[48,147722,4442],{"class":62},[48,147724,4659],{"class":116},[48,147726,4662],{"class":137},[48,147728,128],{"class":116},[48,147730,4667],{"class":137},[48,147732,162],{"class":62},[48,147734,147735,147737,147739,147741],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,147736,276],{"class":147},[48,147738,151],{"class":62},[48,147740,41754],{"class":137},[48,147742,162],{"class":62},[20,147744,168],{},[39,147746,147747],{"className":41,"code":3160,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,147748,147749],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147750,147751],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147752,3160],{"class":99},[1752,147754,9185,147756,147758],{"id":147755},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147757,146540],{}," to join text",[20,147760,5307],{},[39,147762,147764],{"className":41,"code":147763,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147765,147766,147822],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147767,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147769,36629],{"class":54},[48,147771,59],{"class":58},[48,147773,4404],{"class":62},[48,147775,67],{"class":66},[48,147777,134664],{"class":70},[48,147779,67],{"class":66},[48,147781,87],{"class":62},[48,147783,79],{"class":66},[48,147785,625],{"class":70},[48,147787,67],{"class":66},[48,147789,87],{"class":62},[48,147791,79],{"class":66},[48,147793,63837],{"class":70},[48,147795,67],{"class":66},[48,147797,87],{"class":62},[48,147799,79],{"class":66},[48,147801,60988],{"class":70},[48,147803,67],{"class":66},[48,147805,87],{"class":62},[48,147807,79],{"class":66},[48,147809,61023],{"class":70},[48,147811,67],{"class":66},[48,147813,87],{"class":62},[48,147815,79],{"class":66},[48,147817,76581],{"class":70},[48,147819,67],{"class":66},[48,147821,1465],{"class":62},[48,147823,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147825,276],{"class":147},[48,147827,151],{"class":62},[48,147829,146663],{"class":147},[48,147831,151],{"class":62},[48,147833,36682],{"class":137},[48,147835,670],{"class":62},[20,147837,189,147838,61082],{},[15,147839,133988],{},[39,147841,147843],{"className":41,"code":147842,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147844,147845,147901],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147846,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147848,36629],{"class":54},[48,147850,59],{"class":58},[48,147852,4404],{"class":62},[48,147854,67],{"class":66},[48,147856,134664],{"class":70},[48,147858,67],{"class":66},[48,147860,87],{"class":62},[48,147862,79],{"class":66},[48,147864,625],{"class":70},[48,147866,67],{"class":66},[48,147868,87],{"class":62},[48,147870,79],{"class":66},[48,147872,63837],{"class":70},[48,147874,67],{"class":66},[48,147876,87],{"class":62},[48,147878,79],{"class":66},[48,147880,60988],{"class":70},[48,147882,67],{"class":66},[48,147884,87],{"class":62},[48,147886,79],{"class":66},[48,147888,61023],{"class":70},[48,147890,67],{"class":66},[48,147892,87],{"class":62},[48,147894,79],{"class":66},[48,147896,76581],{"class":70},[48,147898,67],{"class":66},[48,147900,1465],{"class":62},[48,147902,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147904,276],{"class":147},[48,147906,151],{"class":62},[48,147908,7047],{"class":66},[48,147910,134],{"class":62},[48,147912,134065],{"class":137},[48,147914,151],{"class":62},[48,147916,36682],{"class":137},[48,147918,670],{"class":62},[20,147920,168],{},[39,147922,147923],{"className":41,"code":134745,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,147924,147925],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147926,147927],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147928,134745],{"class":54},[20,147930,147931,147932,134],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[348,147933,147934],{"href":135826},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[34,147936,147938,147940],{"id":147937},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147939,146540],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147942,147943,147945],{},[15,147944,146540],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1752,147947,9185,147949],{"id":147948},"using-sum",[15,147950,146540],{},[39,147952,147954],{"className":41,"code":147953,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147955,147956,147976,147990],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147957,147958,147960,147962,147964,147966,147968,147970,147972,147974],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147959,2232],{"class":54},[48,147961,59],{"class":58},[48,147963,4404],{"class":62},[48,147965,3288],{"class":99},[48,147967,87],{"class":62},[48,147969,6769],{"class":99},[48,147971,87],{"class":62},[48,147973,54684],{"class":99},[48,147975,1465],{"class":62},[48,147977,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,147979,41725],{"class":54},[48,147981,59],{"class":58},[48,147983,146593],{"class":147},[48,147985,151],{"class":62},[48,147987,2411],{"class":137},[48,147989,162],{"class":62},[48,147991,147992,147994,147996,147998],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,147993,276],{"class":147},[48,147995,151],{"class":62},[48,147997,41754],{"class":137},[48,147999,162],{"class":62},[1752,148001,148003],{"id":148002},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[39,148005,148007],{"className":41,"code":148006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,148008,148009,148029,148037,148041,148053,148061,148065],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148010,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148012,2232],{"class":54},[48,148014,59],{"class":58},[48,148016,4404],{"class":62},[48,148018,3288],{"class":99},[48,148020,87],{"class":62},[48,148022,6769],{"class":99},[48,148024,87],{"class":62},[48,148026,54684],{"class":99},[48,148028,1465],{"class":62},[48,148030,148031,148033,148035],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,148032,41725],{"class":54},[48,148034,59],{"class":58},[48,148036,39054],{"class":99},[48,148038,148039],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,148040,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,148042,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,148044,117],{"class":116},[48,148046,7161],{"class":54},[48,148048,128],{"class":116},[48,148050,2292],{"class":54},[48,148052,1053],{"class":62},[48,148054,148055,148057,148059],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,148056,90658],{"class":54},[48,148058,90661],{"class":58},[48,148060,90664],{"class":54},[48,148062,148063],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,148064,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,148066,148067,148069,148071,148073],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,148068,276],{"class":147},[48,148070,151],{"class":62},[48,148072,41754],{"class":137},[48,148074,162],{"class":62},[20,148076,148077],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,148079,3272,148080,148082],{},[15,148081,146540],{}," is often better:",[209,148084,148085,148088,148091],{},[212,148086,148087],{},"Shorter code",[212,148089,148090],{},"Easier to read",[212,148092,148093],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,148095,148096],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[209,148098,148099,148102,148105],{},[212,148100,148101],{},"You need to skip some values",[212,148103,148104],{},"You need extra checks",[212,148106,148107],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,148109,148110,148111,148114,148115,148117],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[348,148112,148113],{"href":40550},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,148116,146540],{}," on the filtered result.",[34,148119,1745],{"id":1744},[20,148121,148122,148123,76],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,148124,146540],{},[209,148126,148127,148133,148140,148147],{},[212,148128,148129,148130],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,148131,148132],{},"sum(5)",[212,148134,148135,148136,148139],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,148137,148138],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[212,148141,9185,148142,148144,148145],{},[15,148143,146540],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,148146,133988],{},[212,148148,148149],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,148151,9642,148152,148154],{},[15,148153,146540],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[39,148156,148158],{"className":41,"code":148157,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,148159,148160,148170,148184,148208],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148161,148162,148164,148166,148168],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148163,276],{"class":147},[48,148165,151],{"class":62},[48,148167,1415],{"class":137},[48,148169,162],{"class":62},[48,148171,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,148173,276],{"class":147},[48,148175,151],{"class":62},[48,148177,2094],{"class":281},[48,148179,151],{"class":62},[48,148181,1415],{"class":137},[48,148183,670],{"class":62},[48,148185,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,148187,276],{"class":147},[48,148189,3767],{"class":62},[48,148191,2094],{"class":281},[48,148193,151],{"class":62},[48,148195,611],{"class":137},[48,148197,4442],{"class":62},[48,148199,4659],{"class":116},[48,148201,4662],{"class":137},[48,148203,128],{"class":116},[48,148205,4667],{"class":137},[48,148207,4670],{"class":62},[48,148209,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,148211,276],{"class":147},[48,148213,151],{"class":62},[48,148215,146663],{"class":147},[48,148217,3767],{"class":62},[48,148219,2972],{"class":281},[48,148221,151],{"class":62},[48,148223,611],{"class":137},[48,148225,4442],{"class":62},[48,148227,4659],{"class":116},[48,148229,4662],{"class":137},[48,148231,128],{"class":116},[48,148233,4667],{"class":137},[48,148235,3781],{"class":62},[20,148237,136559],{},[209,148239,148240,148246,148252,148257],{},[212,148241,148242,148245],{},[15,148243,148244],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[212,148247,148248,148251],{},[15,148249,148250],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[212,148253,148254,136581],{},[15,148255,148256],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[212,148258,148259,148262],{},[15,148260,148261],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[34,148264,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,148266,5920,148268,2596],{"id":148267},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,148269,146540],{},[20,148271,148272],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1752,148274,5947,148276,148278],{"id":148275},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,148277,146540],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,148280,30804,148281,352,148284,148287],{},[15,148282,148283],{},"''.join(...)",[15,148285,148286],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1752,148289,5947,148291,148293],{"id":148290},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,148292,146540],{}," work with floats?",[20,148295,148296],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1752,148298,148300,148301,2623],{"id":148299},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,148302,146540],{},[20,148304,148305,148306,148308],{},"It is the optional ",[15,148307,36611],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1752,148310,5935,148312,119944,148314,2623],{"id":148311},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148313,146540],{},[15,148315,3787],{},[20,148317,148318],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[34,148320,2679],{"id":2678},[209,148322,148323,148327,148333,148339,148345,148349,148353],{},[212,148324,148325],{},[348,148326,147023],{"href":3203},[212,148328,148329],{},[348,148330,4356,148331,4289],{"href":36734},[15,148332,36737],{},[212,148334,148335],{},[348,148336,4356,148337,4289],{"href":42901},[15,148338,42904],{},[212,148340,148341],{},[348,148342,4356,148343,4289],{"href":42718},[15,148344,48229],{},[212,148346,148347],{},[348,148348,5999],{"href":40550},[212,148350,148351],{},[348,148352,4306],{"href":3743},[212,148354,148355],{},[348,148356,147934],{"href":135826},[2711,148358,148359],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":148361},[148362,148363,148365,148366,148367,148369,148377,148383,148390,148396,148397,148409],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":146619,"depth":106,"text":148364},"What sum() does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":146797,"depth":106,"text":148368},"Using the start value",{"id":146899,"depth":106,"text":148370,"children":148371},"What sum() can work with",[148372,148373,148374,148376],{"id":40966,"depth":113,"text":40967},{"id":52593,"depth":113,"text":146965},{"id":147026,"depth":113,"text":148375},"Values from range()",{"id":147074,"depth":113,"text":147075},{"id":147148,"depth":106,"text":148378,"children":148379},"What sum() does not work with",[148380,148381,148382],{"id":147159,"depth":113,"text":147160},{"id":147276,"depth":113,"text":147277},{"id":147334,"depth":113,"text":147335},{"id":42046,"depth":106,"text":42047,"children":148384},[148385,148386,148387,148388],{"id":7293,"depth":113,"text":7294},{"id":147470,"depth":113,"text":147471},{"id":147618,"depth":113,"text":147619},{"id":147755,"depth":113,"text":148389},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147937,"depth":106,"text":148391,"children":148392},"sum() vs manual loop",[148393,148395],{"id":147948,"depth":113,"text":148394},"Using sum()",{"id":148002,"depth":113,"text":148003},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":148398},[148399,148401,148403,148405,148407],{"id":148267,"depth":113,"text":148400},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148275,"depth":113,"text":148402},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148290,"depth":113,"text":148404},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148299,"depth":113,"text":148406},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148311,"depth":113,"text":148408},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146532,"description":148410},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148417,"title":148418,"body":148419,"description":149821,"extension":2749,"meta":149822,"navigation":109,"path":149823,"seo":149824,"stem":149825,"__hash__":149826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148420,"toc":149789},[148421,148427,148433,148436,148499,148505,148510,148514,148531,148545,148549,148569,148583,148585,148678,148680,148694,148696,148699,148788,148790,148798,148807,148809,148813,148834,148836,148928,148930,148951,148953,148957,148971,148973,149047,149049,149068,149072,149075,149098,149100,149211,149218,149226,149228,149234,149237,149280,149283,149306,149314,149318,149393,149399,149424,149431,149434,149437,149441,149446,149534,149542,149546,149549,149574,149578,149639,149643,149692,149702,149704,149709,149712,149718,149721,149725,149729,149735,149738,149746,149754,149756,149786],[10,148422,148424,148425,18],{"id":148423},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148426,57839],{},[20,148428,148429,148432],{},[15,148430,148431],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148434,148435],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[39,148437,148439],{"className":41,"code":148438,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148440,148441,148469,148487],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148442,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148444,2232],{"class":54},[48,148446,59],{"class":58},[48,148448,330],{"class":62},[48,148450,3770],{"class":99},[48,148452,87],{"class":62},[48,148454,632],{"class":99},[48,148456,87],{"class":62},[48,148458,632],{"class":99},[48,148460,87],{"class":62},[48,148462,800],{"class":99},[48,148464,87],{"class":62},[48,148466,632],{"class":99},[48,148468,162],{"class":62},[48,148470,148471,148473,148475,148477,148479,148481,148483,148485],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,148472,449],{"class":54},[48,148474,59],{"class":58},[48,148476,2292],{"class":54},[48,148478,134],{"class":62},[48,148480,41802],{"class":137},[48,148482,151],{"class":62},[48,148484,2842],{"class":99},[48,148486,162],{"class":62},[48,148488,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,148490,276],{"class":147},[48,148492,151],{"class":62},[48,148494,474],{"class":137},[48,148496,4442],{"class":62},[48,148498,51317],{"class":4445},[20,148500,189,148501,148504],{},[15,148502,148503],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[34,148506,196,148508,199],{"id":148507},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148509,148431],{},[20,148511,148512,76],{},[15,148513,148503],{},[209,148515,148516,148522,148525,148528],{},[212,148517,148518,148519,148521],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148520,933],{}," appears in the tuple",[212,148523,148524],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[212,148526,148527],{},"Returns an integer",[212,148529,148530],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148532,148533,148534,148536,148537,352,148541,134],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148535,57839],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[348,148538,148540],{"href":148539},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[348,148542,148544],{"href":148543},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[34,148546,148548],{"id":148547},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[39,148550,148552],{"className":41,"code":148551,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148553,148554],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148555,148556,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148557,148558],{"class":54},"my_tuple",[48,148560,134],{"class":62},[48,148562,41802],{"class":137},[48,148564,151],{"class":62},[48,148566,933],{"class":137},[48,148568,162],{"class":62},[209,148570,148571,148575,148578],{},[212,148572,148573,58004],{},[15,148574,933],{},[212,148576,148577],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[212,148579,148580,148581],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148582,2904],{},[1752,148584,103659],{"id":103658},[39,148586,148588],{"className":41,"code":148587,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148589,148590,148630,148654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148591,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148593,1119],{"class":54},[48,148595,59],{"class":58},[48,148597,330],{"class":62},[48,148599,67],{"class":66},[48,148601,1137],{"class":70},[48,148603,67],{"class":66},[48,148605,87],{"class":62},[48,148607,79],{"class":66},[48,148609,13848],{"class":70},[48,148611,67],{"class":66},[48,148613,87],{"class":62},[48,148615,79],{"class":66},[48,148617,1137],{"class":70},[48,148619,67],{"class":66},[48,148621,87],{"class":62},[48,148623,79],{"class":66},[48,148625,18179],{"class":70},[48,148627,67],{"class":66},[48,148629,162],{"class":62},[48,148631,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,148633,276],{"class":147},[48,148635,151],{"class":62},[48,148637,1196],{"class":137},[48,148639,134],{"class":62},[48,148641,41802],{"class":137},[48,148643,151],{"class":62},[48,148645,67],{"class":66},[48,148647,1137],{"class":70},[48,148649,67],{"class":66},[48,148651,6139],{"class":62},[48,148653,58194],{"class":4445},[48,148655,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,148657,276],{"class":147},[48,148659,151],{"class":62},[48,148661,1196],{"class":137},[48,148663,134],{"class":62},[48,148665,41802],{"class":137},[48,148667,151],{"class":62},[48,148669,67],{"class":66},[48,148671,1155],{"class":70},[48,148673,67],{"class":66},[48,148675,6139],{"class":62},[48,148677,51794],{"class":4445},[20,148679,20676],{},[209,148681,148682,148687],{},[212,148683,148684,148686],{},[15,148685,65943],{}," appears 2 times",[212,148688,148689,148691,148692],{},[15,148690,110355],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148693,2904],{},[34,148695,12225],{"id":12224},[20,148697,148698],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[39,148700,148702],{"className":41,"code":148701,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148703,148704,148752,148756,148778],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148705,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148707,36778],{"class":54},[48,148709,59],{"class":58},[48,148711,330],{"class":62},[48,148713,67],{"class":66},[48,148715,1128],{"class":70},[48,148717,67],{"class":66},[48,148719,87],{"class":62},[48,148721,79],{"class":66},[48,148723,1146],{"class":70},[48,148725,67],{"class":66},[48,148727,87],{"class":62},[48,148729,79],{"class":66},[48,148731,1128],{"class":70},[48,148733,67],{"class":66},[48,148735,87],{"class":62},[48,148737,79],{"class":66},[48,148739,33756],{"class":70},[48,148741,67],{"class":66},[48,148743,87],{"class":62},[48,148745,79],{"class":66},[48,148747,1128],{"class":70},[48,148749,67],{"class":66},[48,148751,162],{"class":62},[48,148753,148754],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,148755,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,148757,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,148759,449],{"class":54},[48,148761,59],{"class":58},[48,148763,53399],{"class":54},[48,148765,134],{"class":62},[48,148767,41802],{"class":137},[48,148769,151],{"class":62},[48,148771,67],{"class":66},[48,148773,1128],{"class":70},[48,148775,67],{"class":66},[48,148777,162],{"class":62},[48,148779,148780,148782,148784,148786],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,148781,276],{"class":147},[48,148783,151],{"class":62},[48,148785,474],{"class":137},[48,148787,162],{"class":62},[20,148789,168],{},[39,148791,148792],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,148793,148794],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148795,148796],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148797,47162],{"class":99},[20,148799,148800,148802,148803,3181,148805,134],{},[15,148801,58382],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148804,57839],{},[15,148806,2848],{},[34,148808,38561],{"id":38560},[20,148810,58093,148811,129294],{},[15,148812,57839],{},[209,148814,148815,148820,148825,148828],{},[212,148816,12175,148817,148819],{},[15,148818,2904],{}," when the value does not exist",[212,148821,12175,148822,148824],{},[15,148823,3770],{}," when the value appears once",[212,148826,148827],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[212,148829,148830,148831,148833],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148832,7767],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148835,226],{},[39,148837,148839],{"className":41,"code":148838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148840,148841,148882,148886,148913],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148842,148843,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878,148880],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148844,148845],{"class":54},"answers ",[48,148847,59],{"class":58},[48,148849,330],{"class":62},[48,148851,67],{"class":66},[48,148853,9424],{"class":70},[48,148855,67],{"class":66},[48,148857,87],{"class":62},[48,148859,79],{"class":66},[48,148861,9364],{"class":70},[48,148863,67],{"class":66},[48,148865,87],{"class":62},[48,148867,79],{"class":66},[48,148869,9424],{"class":70},[48,148871,67],{"class":66},[48,148873,87],{"class":62},[48,148875,79],{"class":66},[48,148877,9424],{"class":70},[48,148879,67],{"class":66},[48,148881,162],{"class":62},[48,148883,148884],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,148885,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,148887,148888,148890,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,148889,7767],{"class":116},[48,148891,148892],{"class":54}," answers",[48,148894,134],{"class":62},[48,148896,41802],{"class":137},[48,148898,151],{"class":62},[48,148900,67],{"class":66},[48,148902,9424],{"class":70},[48,148904,67],{"class":66},[48,148906,4442],{"class":62},[48,148908,38937],{"class":58},[48,148910,618],{"class":99},[48,148912,1053],{"class":62},[48,148914,148915,148917,148919,148921,148924,148926],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,148916,148],{"class":147},[48,148918,151],{"class":62},[48,148920,67],{"class":66},[48,148922,148923],{"class":70},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[48,148925,67],{"class":66},[48,148927,162],{"class":62},[20,148929,168],{},[39,148931,148933],{"className":41,"code":148932,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148934,148935],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148936,148937,148940,148942,148944,148946,148949],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148938,148939],{"class":54},"The answer ",[48,148941,311],{"class":66},[48,148943,9424],{"class":70},[48,148945,311],{"class":66},[48,148947,148948],{"class":54}," appears more than once",[48,148950,122938],{"class":62},[34,148952,41588],{"id":41587},[20,148954,35943,148955,105122],{},[15,148956,148431],{},[209,148958,148959,148962,148965,148968],{},[212,148960,148961],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[212,148963,148964],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[212,148966,148967],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[212,148969,148970],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148972,226],{},[39,148974,148976],{"className":41,"code":148975,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148977,148978,149006,149010,149032],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148979,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148981,408],{"class":54},[48,148983,59],{"class":58},[48,148985,330],{"class":62},[48,148987,3114],{"class":99},[48,148989,87],{"class":62},[48,148991,2506],{"class":99},[48,148993,87],{"class":62},[48,148995,2493],{"class":99},[48,148997,87],{"class":62},[48,148999,8564],{"class":99},[48,149001,87],{"class":62},[48,149003,2493],{"class":99},[48,149005,162],{"class":62},[48,149007,149008],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,149009,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,149011,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,149013,7767],{"class":116},[48,149015,454],{"class":54},[48,149017,134],{"class":62},[48,149019,41802],{"class":137},[48,149021,151],{"class":62},[48,149023,3114],{"class":99},[48,149025,4442],{"class":62},[48,149027,51835],{"class":58},[48,149029,632],{"class":99},[48,149031,1053],{"class":62},[48,149033,149034,149036,149038,149040,149043,149045],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,149035,148],{"class":147},[48,149037,151],{"class":62},[48,149039,67],{"class":66},[48,149041,149042],{"class":70},"The score 10 is repeated.",[48,149044,67],{"class":66},[48,149046,162],{"class":62},[20,149048,168],{},[39,149050,149052],{"className":41,"code":149051,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,149053,149054],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149055,149056,149059,149061,149063,149066],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149057,149058],{"class":54},"The score ",[48,149060,3114],{"class":99},[48,149062,8863],{"class":58},[48,149064,149065],{"class":54}," repeated",[48,149067,122938],{"class":62},[34,149069,149071],{"id":149070},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,149073,149074],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[209,149076,149077,149083,149088,149091],{},[212,149078,149079,149080,149082],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,149081,57839],{}," still works because it only reads data",[212,149084,149085,149087],{},[15,149086,57839],{}," counts exact matches",[212,149089,149090],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[212,149092,149093,5174,149095,149097],{},[15,149094,3770],{},[15,149096,42701],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,149099,226],{},[39,149101,149103],{"className":41,"code":149102,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,149104,149105,149139,149143,149163,149187],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149106,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117,149120,149122,149124,149127,149129,149131,149133,149135,149137],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149108,4605],{"class":54},[48,149110,59],{"class":58},[48,149112,330],{"class":62},[48,149114,3770],{"class":99},[48,149116,87],{"class":62},[48,149118,149119],{"class":99}," 1.0",[48,149121,87],{"class":62},[48,149123,79],{"class":66},[48,149125,149126],{"class":70},"Cat",[48,149128,67],{"class":66},[48,149130,87],{"class":62},[48,149132,79],{"class":66},[48,149134,37587],{"class":70},[48,149136,67],{"class":66},[48,149138,162],{"class":62},[48,149140,149141],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,149142,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,149144,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159,149161],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,149146,276],{"class":147},[48,149148,151],{"class":62},[48,149150,1415],{"class":137},[48,149152,134],{"class":62},[48,149154,41802],{"class":137},[48,149156,151],{"class":62},[48,149158,3770],{"class":99},[48,149160,6139],{"class":62},[48,149162,51641],{"class":4445},[48,149164,149165,149167,149169,149171,149173,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,149166,276],{"class":147},[48,149168,151],{"class":62},[48,149170,1415],{"class":137},[48,149172,134],{"class":62},[48,149174,41802],{"class":137},[48,149176,151],{"class":62},[48,149178,67],{"class":66},[48,149180,149126],{"class":70},[48,149182,67],{"class":66},[48,149184,6139],{"class":62},[48,149186,28312],{"class":4445},[48,149188,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,149190,276],{"class":147},[48,149192,151],{"class":62},[48,149194,1415],{"class":137},[48,149196,134],{"class":62},[48,149198,41802],{"class":137},[48,149200,151],{"class":62},[48,149202,67],{"class":66},[48,149204,37587],{"class":70},[48,149206,67],{"class":66},[48,149208,6139],{"class":62},[48,149210,28312],{"class":4445},[20,149212,5935,149213,5938,149216,2623],{},[15,149214,149215],{},"values.count(1)",[15,149217,2842],{},[20,149219,9552,149220,5565,149223,149225],{},[15,149221,149222],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,149224,4385],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[34,149227,1745],{"id":1744},[1752,149229,9185,149231,149233],{"id":149230},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,149232,41802],{}," without parentheses",[20,149235,149236],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[39,149238,149240],{"className":41,"code":149239,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,149241,149242,149266],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149243,149244,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149245,2232],{"class":54},[48,149247,59],{"class":58},[48,149249,330],{"class":62},[48,149251,3770],{"class":99},[48,149253,87],{"class":62},[48,149255,632],{"class":99},[48,149257,87],{"class":62},[48,149259,632],{"class":99},[48,149261,87],{"class":62},[48,149263,800],{"class":99},[48,149265,162],{"class":62},[48,149267,149268,149270,149272,149274,149276,149278],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,149269,276],{"class":147},[48,149271,151],{"class":62},[48,149273,2411],{"class":137},[48,149275,134],{"class":62},[48,149277,41802],{"class":25281},[48,149279,162],{"class":62},[20,149281,149282],{},"To call the method correctly:",[39,149284,149286],{"className":41,"code":149285,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,149287,149288],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149289,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149291,276],{"class":147},[48,149293,151],{"class":62},[48,149295,2411],{"class":137},[48,149297,134],{"class":62},[48,149299,41802],{"class":137},[48,149301,151],{"class":62},[48,149303,2842],{"class":99},[48,149305,670],{"class":62},[1752,149307,2015,149308,9222,149310,352,149312],{"id":59142},[15,149309,57839],{},[15,149311,4385],{},[15,149313,4456],{},[20,149315,149316,59153],{},[15,149317,57839],{},[39,149319,149321],{"className":41,"code":149320,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149322,149323,149355,149377,149381],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149324,149325,149327,149329,149331,149333,149335,149337,149339,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149326,36629],{"class":54},[48,149328,59],{"class":58},[48,149330,330],{"class":62},[48,149332,67],{"class":66},[48,149334,348],{"class":70},[48,149336,67],{"class":66},[48,149338,87],{"class":62},[48,149340,79],{"class":66},[48,149342,2059],{"class":70},[48,149344,67],{"class":66},[48,149346,87],{"class":62},[48,149348,79],{"class":66},[48,149350,348],{"class":70},[48,149352,67],{"class":66},[48,149354,162],{"class":62},[48,149356,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,149358,449],{"class":54},[48,149360,59],{"class":58},[48,149362,70647],{"class":54},[48,149364,134],{"class":62},[48,149366,41802],{"class":137},[48,149368,151],{"class":62},[48,149370,67],{"class":66},[48,149372,348],{"class":70},[48,149374,67],{"class":66},[48,149376,162],{"class":62},[48,149378,149379],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,149380,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,149382,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,149384,276],{"class":147},[48,149386,151],{"class":62},[48,149388,474],{"class":137},[48,149390,4442],{"class":62},[48,149392,51962],{"class":4445},[20,149394,149395,149396,149398],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149397,128],{}," is often simpler:",[39,149400,149402],{"className":41,"code":149401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149403,149404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149405,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149407,276],{"class":147},[48,149409,151],{"class":62},[48,149411,67],{"class":66},[48,149413,348],{"class":70},[48,149415,67],{"class":66},[48,149417,21891],{"class":116},[48,149419,70647],{"class":137},[48,149421,4442],{"class":62},[48,149423,4446],{"class":4445},[1752,149425,37744,149427,9471,149429],{"id":149426},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149428,148431],{},[15,149430,57844],{},[20,149432,149433],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149435,149436],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1752,149438,149440],{"id":149439},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149442,149443,149445],{},[15,149444,57839],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[39,149447,149449],{"className":41,"code":149448,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149450,149451,149484,149510],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149452,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149454,4852],{"class":54},[48,149456,59],{"class":58},[48,149458,330],{"class":62},[48,149460,67],{"class":66},[48,149462,1128],{"class":70},[48,149464,67],{"class":66},[48,149466,87],{"class":62},[48,149468,79],{"class":66},[48,149470,149471],{"class":70},"pineapple",[48,149473,67],{"class":66},[48,149475,87],{"class":62},[48,149477,79],{"class":66},[48,149479,1128],{"class":70},[48,149481,67],{"class":66},[48,149483,162],{"class":62},[48,149485,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500,149503,149505,149507],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,149487,276],{"class":147},[48,149489,151],{"class":62},[48,149491,4894],{"class":137},[48,149493,134],{"class":62},[48,149495,41802],{"class":137},[48,149497,151],{"class":62},[48,149499,67],{"class":66},[48,149501,149502],{"class":70},"app",[48,149504,67],{"class":66},[48,149506,6139],{"class":62},[48,149508,149509],{"class":4445},"    # 0\n",[48,149511,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,149513,276],{"class":147},[48,149515,151],{"class":62},[48,149517,4894],{"class":137},[48,149519,134],{"class":62},[48,149521,41802],{"class":137},[48,149523,151],{"class":62},[48,149525,67],{"class":66},[48,149527,1128],{"class":70},[48,149529,67],{"class":66},[48,149531,6139],{"class":62},[48,149533,51962],{"class":4445},[20,149535,149536,149539,149540,134],{},[15,149537,149538],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149541,2904],{},[34,149543,149545],{"id":149544},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149547,149548],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[209,149550,149551,149556,149565,149571],{},[212,149552,189,149553,149555],{},[15,149554,128],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[212,149557,189,149558,149564],{},[348,149559,149561,149562],{"href":149560},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149563,59517],{}," to find the position of a value",[212,149566,189,149567,149570],{},[15,149568,149569],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[212,149572,149573],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149575,46585,149576,76],{},[15,149577,128],{},[39,149579,149581],{"className":41,"code":149580,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149582,149583,149603,149607,149623],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149584,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599,149601],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149586,2232],{"class":54},[48,149588,59],{"class":58},[48,149590,330],{"class":62},[48,149592,3288],{"class":99},[48,149594,87],{"class":62},[48,149596,6769],{"class":99},[48,149598,87],{"class":62},[48,149600,54684],{"class":99},[48,149602,162],{"class":62},[48,149604,149605],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,149606,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,149608,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,149610,276],{"class":147},[48,149612,151],{"class":62},[48,149614,2810],{"class":99},[48,149616,21891],{"class":116},[48,149618,2292],{"class":137},[48,149620,4442],{"class":62},[48,149622,44399],{"class":4445},[48,149624,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,149626,276],{"class":147},[48,149628,151],{"class":62},[48,149630,2921],{"class":99},[48,149632,21891],{"class":116},[48,149634,2292],{"class":137},[48,149636,4442],{"class":62},[48,149638,44416],{"class":4445},[20,149640,46585,149641,76],{},[15,149642,59517],{},[39,149644,149646],{"className":41,"code":149645,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149647,149648,149672],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149649,149650,149652,149654,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664,149666,149668,149670],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149651,2232],{"class":54},[48,149653,59],{"class":58},[48,149655,330],{"class":62},[48,149657,3288],{"class":99},[48,149659,87],{"class":62},[48,149661,6769],{"class":99},[48,149663,87],{"class":62},[48,149665,54684],{"class":99},[48,149667,87],{"class":62},[48,149669,6769],{"class":99},[48,149671,162],{"class":62},[48,149673,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,149675,276],{"class":147},[48,149677,151],{"class":62},[48,149679,2411],{"class":137},[48,149681,134],{"class":62},[48,149683,36384],{"class":137},[48,149685,151],{"class":62},[48,149687,2810],{"class":99},[48,149689,6139],{"class":62},[48,149691,28312],{"class":4445},[20,149693,149694,149696,149697,149699,149701],{},[15,149695,57839],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10601,149698],{},[15,149700,59517],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[34,149703,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,149705,5920,149707,2596],{"id":149706},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149708,148431],{},[20,149710,149711],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1752,149713,2606,149715,149717],{"id":149714},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149716,148431],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149719,149720],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1752,149722,149724],{"id":149723},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149726,12656,149727,134],{},[15,149728,2904],{},[1752,149730,5947,149732,149734],{"id":149731},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149733,148431],{}," count strings?",[20,149736,149737],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1752,149739,5957,149741,5174,149743,2623],{"id":149740},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149742,148431],{},[15,149744,149745],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149747,149748,149750,149751,149753],{},[15,149749,57839],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149752,59517],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[34,149755,2679],{"id":2678},[209,149757,149758,149762,149767,149774,149782],{},[212,149759,149760],{},[348,149761,148540],{"href":148539},[212,149763,149764],{},[348,149765,149766],{"href":148543},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[212,149768,149769],{},[348,149770,149771,149772,2689],{"href":149560},"Python tuple ",[15,149773,59517],{},[212,149775,149776],{},[348,149777,149779,149780],{"href":149778},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149781,42904],{},[212,149783,149784],{},[348,149785,59505],{"href":59504},[2711,149787,149788],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":149790},[149791,149793,149796,149797,149798,149799,149800,149808,149809,149820],{"id":148507,"depth":106,"text":149792},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148547,"depth":106,"text":148548,"children":149794},[149795],{"id":103658,"depth":113,"text":103659},{"id":12224,"depth":106,"text":12225},{"id":38560,"depth":106,"text":38561},{"id":41587,"depth":106,"text":41588},{"id":149070,"depth":106,"text":149071},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":149801},[149802,149804,149805,149807],{"id":149230,"depth":113,"text":149803},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59142,"depth":113,"text":59558},{"id":149426,"depth":113,"text":149806},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149439,"depth":113,"text":149440},{"id":149544,"depth":106,"text":149545},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":149810},[149811,149813,149815,149816,149818],{"id":149706,"depth":113,"text":149812},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149714,"depth":113,"text":149814},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149723,"depth":113,"text":149724},{"id":149731,"depth":113,"text":149817},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149740,"depth":113,"text":149819},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148418,"description":149821},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149828,"title":149829,"body":149830,"description":151517,"extension":2749,"meta":151518,"navigation":109,"path":151519,"seo":151520,"stem":151521,"__hash__":151522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149831,"toc":151480},[149832,149835,149838,149847,149849,149979,149981,150042,150048,150050,150070,150074,150077,150080,150115,150117,150138,150141,150180,150182,150207,150214,150218,150221,150258,150260,150283,150286,150289,150301,150307,150311,150314,150320,150361,150363,150386,150389,150430,150432,150459,150461,150478,150480,150497,150500,150504,150507,150509,150543,150545,150592,150596,150635,150639,150642,150699,150701,150742,150748,150754,150759,150761,150798,150800,150820,150822,150855,150857,150890,150893,150897,150930,150932,150957,150960,150962,150976,150983,150985,150988,150992,150995,151030,151033,151068,151072,151075,151114,151117,151156,151160,151162,151192,151195,151202,151204,151236,151239,151271,151274,151305,151307,151324,151328,151331,151395,151397,151401,151408,151412,151415,151419,151422,151426,151429,151434,151440,151442,151477],[10,149833,149829],{"id":149834},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149836,149837],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149839,149840,149841,352,149845,134],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[348,149842,149844],{"href":149843},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[348,149846,148540],{"href":148539},[34,149848,37],{"id":36},[39,149850,149852],{"className":41,"code":149851,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149853,149854,149874,149883,149897,149933,149937,149947,149957,149968],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149855,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149857,2232],{"class":54},[48,149859,59],{"class":58},[48,149861,330],{"class":62},[48,149863,3770],{"class":99},[48,149865,87],{"class":62},[48,149867,632],{"class":99},[48,149869,87],{"class":62},[48,149871,800],{"class":99},[48,149873,162],{"class":62},[48,149875,149876,149878,149880],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,149877,125404],{"class":54},[48,149879,59],{"class":58},[48,149881,149882],{"class":62}," ()\n",[48,149884,149885,149888,149890,149892,149894],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,149886,149887],{"class":54},"one_item ",[48,149889,59],{"class":58},[48,149891,330],{"class":62},[48,149893,2921],{"class":99},[48,149895,149896],{"class":62},",)\n",[48,149898,149899,149902,149904,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,149900,149901],{"class":54},"from_list ",[48,149903,59],{"class":58},[48,149905,149906],{"class":281}," tuple",[48,149908,3767],{"class":62},[48,149910,67],{"class":66},[48,149912,348],{"class":70},[48,149914,67],{"class":66},[48,149916,87],{"class":62},[48,149918,79],{"class":66},[48,149920,2059],{"class":70},[48,149922,67],{"class":66},[48,149924,87],{"class":62},[48,149926,79],{"class":66},[48,149928,2265],{"class":70},[48,149930,67],{"class":66},[48,149932,4670],{"class":62},[48,149934,149935],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,149936,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,149938,149939,149941,149943,149945],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,149940,276],{"class":147},[48,149942,151],{"class":62},[48,149944,2411],{"class":137},[48,149946,162],{"class":62},[48,149948,149949,149951,149953,149955],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,149950,276],{"class":147},[48,149952,151],{"class":62},[48,149954,125455],{"class":137},[48,149956,162],{"class":62},[48,149958,149959,149961,149963,149966],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,149960,276],{"class":147},[48,149962,151],{"class":62},[48,149964,149965],{"class":137},"one_item",[48,149967,162],{"class":62},[48,149969,149970,149972,149974,149977],{"class":50,"line":7202},[48,149971,276],{"class":147},[48,149973,151],{"class":62},[48,149975,149976],{"class":137},"from_list",[48,149978,162],{"class":62},[20,149980,168],{},[39,149982,149984],{"className":41,"code":149983,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149985,149986,150002,150006,150014],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149987,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149989,151],{"class":62},[48,149991,3770],{"class":99},[48,149993,87],{"class":62},[48,149995,632],{"class":99},[48,149997,87],{"class":62},[48,149999,800],{"class":99},[48,150001,162],{"class":62},[48,150003,150004],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150005,380],{"class":62},[48,150007,150008,150010,150012],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,150009,151],{"class":62},[48,150011,2921],{"class":99},[48,150013,149896],{"class":62},[48,150015,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,150017,151],{"class":62},[48,150019,311],{"class":66},[48,150021,348],{"class":70},[48,150023,311],{"class":66},[48,150025,87],{"class":62},[48,150027,320],{"class":66},[48,150029,2059],{"class":70},[48,150031,311],{"class":66},[48,150033,87],{"class":62},[48,150035,320],{"class":66},[48,150037,2265],{"class":70},[48,150039,311],{"class":66},[48,150041,162],{"class":62},[20,150043,150044,150045,134],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,150046,150047],{},"(5,)",[34,150049,15891],{"id":15890},[209,150051,150052,150055,150058,150061,150064,150067],{},[212,150053,150054],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[212,150056,150057],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[212,150059,150060],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[212,150062,150063],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[212,150065,150066],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[212,150068,150069],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[34,150071,150073],{"id":150072},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,150075,150076],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,150078,150079],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[39,150081,150083],{"className":41,"code":150082,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150084,150085,150105],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150086,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150088,2232],{"class":54},[48,150090,59],{"class":58},[48,150092,330],{"class":62},[48,150094,3770],{"class":99},[48,150096,87],{"class":62},[48,150098,632],{"class":99},[48,150100,87],{"class":62},[48,150102,800],{"class":99},[48,150104,162],{"class":62},[48,150106,150107,150109,150111,150113],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150108,276],{"class":147},[48,150110,151],{"class":62},[48,150112,2411],{"class":137},[48,150114,162],{"class":62},[20,150116,168],{},[39,150118,150120],{"className":41,"code":150119,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150121,150122],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150123,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150125,151],{"class":62},[48,150127,3770],{"class":99},[48,150129,87],{"class":62},[48,150131,632],{"class":99},[48,150133,87],{"class":62},[48,150135,800],{"class":99},[48,150137,162],{"class":62},[20,150139,150140],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[39,150142,150144],{"className":41,"code":150143,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,150145,150146,150170],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150147,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150149,602],{"class":54},[48,150151,59],{"class":58},[48,150153,330],{"class":62},[48,150155,3770],{"class":99},[48,150157,87],{"class":62},[48,150159,79],{"class":66},[48,150161,1128],{"class":70},[48,150163,67],{"class":66},[48,150165,87],{"class":62},[48,150167,4697],{"class":1642},[48,150169,162],{"class":62},[48,150171,150172,150174,150176,150178],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150173,276],{"class":147},[48,150175,151],{"class":62},[48,150177,679],{"class":137},[48,150179,162],{"class":62},[20,150181,168],{},[39,150183,150185],{"className":41,"code":150184,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,150186,150187],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150188,150189,150191,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150190,151],{"class":62},[48,150192,3770],{"class":99},[48,150194,87],{"class":62},[48,150196,320],{"class":66},[48,150198,1128],{"class":70},[48,150200,311],{"class":66},[48,150202,87],{"class":62},[48,150204,4697],{"class":1642},[48,150206,162],{"class":62},[20,150208,150209,150210,134],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[348,150211,150213],{"href":150212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[34,150215,150217],{"id":150216},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,150219,150220],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[39,150222,150224],{"className":41,"code":150223,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150225,150226,150234,150244],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150227,150228,150230,150232],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150229,125404],{"class":54},[48,150231,59],{"class":58},[48,150233,149882],{"class":62},[48,150235,150236,150238,150240,150242],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150237,276],{"class":147},[48,150239,151],{"class":62},[48,150241,125455],{"class":137},[48,150243,162],{"class":62},[48,150245,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,150247,276],{"class":147},[48,150249,151],{"class":62},[48,150251,2094],{"class":281},[48,150253,151],{"class":62},[48,150255,125455],{"class":137},[48,150257,670],{"class":62},[20,150259,168],{},[39,150261,150263],{"className":41,"code":150262,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150264,150265,150269],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150266,150267],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150268,380],{"class":62},[48,150270,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150272,2168],{"class":58},[48,150274,2171],{"class":915},[48,150276,320],{"class":66},[48,150278,49499],{"class":70},[48,150280,311],{"class":66},[48,150282,2180],{"class":58},[20,150284,150285],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,150287,150288],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[209,150290,150291,150296],{},[212,150292,150293,150294],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,150295,8135],{},[212,150297,150298,150299],{},"Empty list: ",[15,150300,4569],{},[20,150302,150303,150304,134],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[348,150305,150306],{"href":57702},"Python list: creating a list",[34,150308,150310],{"id":150309},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150312,150313],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150315,150316,150317,150319],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[166,150318,5413],{}," automatically a tuple:",[39,150321,150323],{"className":41,"code":150322,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150324,150325,150337,150347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150326,150327,150329,150331,150333,150335],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150328,3231],{"class":54},[48,150330,59],{"class":58},[48,150332,330],{"class":62},[48,150334,2921],{"class":99},[48,150336,162],{"class":62},[48,150338,150339,150341,150343,150345],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150340,276],{"class":147},[48,150342,151],{"class":62},[48,150344,933],{"class":137},[48,150346,162],{"class":62},[48,150348,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357,150359],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,150350,276],{"class":147},[48,150352,151],{"class":62},[48,150354,2094],{"class":281},[48,150356,151],{"class":62},[48,150358,933],{"class":137},[48,150360,670],{"class":62},[20,150362,168],{},[39,150364,150366],{"className":41,"code":150365,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150367,150368,150372],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150369,150370],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150371,3728],{"class":99},[48,150373,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150375,2168],{"class":58},[48,150377,2171],{"class":915},[48,150379,320],{"class":66},[48,150381,2972],{"class":70},[48,150383,311],{"class":66},[48,150385,2180],{"class":58},[20,150387,150388],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[39,150390,150392],{"className":41,"code":150391,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150393,150394,150406,150416],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150395,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150397,149887],{"class":54},[48,150399,59],{"class":58},[48,150401,330],{"class":62},[48,150403,2921],{"class":99},[48,150405,149896],{"class":62},[48,150407,150408,150410,150412,150414],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150409,276],{"class":147},[48,150411,151],{"class":62},[48,150413,149965],{"class":137},[48,150415,162],{"class":62},[48,150417,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,150419,276],{"class":147},[48,150421,151],{"class":62},[48,150423,2094],{"class":281},[48,150425,151],{"class":62},[48,150427,149965],{"class":137},[48,150429,670],{"class":62},[20,150431,168],{},[39,150433,150435],{"className":41,"code":150434,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150436,150437,150445],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150438,150439,150441,150443],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150440,151],{"class":62},[48,150442,2921],{"class":99},[48,150444,149896],{"class":62},[48,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150448,2168],{"class":58},[48,150450,2171],{"class":915},[48,150452,320],{"class":66},[48,150454,49499],{"class":70},[48,150456,311],{"class":66},[48,150458,2180],{"class":58},[20,150460,17384],{},[39,150462,150464],{"className":41,"code":150463,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150465,150466],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150467,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150469,151],{"class":62},[48,150471,67],{"class":66},[48,150473,1128],{"class":70},[48,150475,67],{"class":66},[48,150477,149896],{"class":62},[20,150479,17372],{},[39,150481,150483],{"className":41,"code":150482,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150484,150485],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150486,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150488,151],{"class":62},[48,150490,67],{"class":66},[48,150492,1128],{"class":70},[48,150494,67],{"class":66},[48,150496,162],{"class":62},[20,150498,150499],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[34,150501,150503],{"id":150502},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150505,150506],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1752,150508,57010],{"id":2411},[39,150510,150511],{"className":41,"code":150082,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,150512,150513,150533],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150514,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523,150525,150527,150529,150531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150516,2232],{"class":54},[48,150518,59],{"class":58},[48,150520,330],{"class":62},[48,150522,3770],{"class":99},[48,150524,87],{"class":62},[48,150526,632],{"class":99},[48,150528,87],{"class":62},[48,150530,800],{"class":99},[48,150532,162],{"class":62},[48,150534,150535,150537,150539,150541],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150536,276],{"class":147},[48,150538,151],{"class":62},[48,150540,2411],{"class":137},[48,150542,162],{"class":62},[1752,150544,57013],{"id":6087},[39,150546,150548],{"className":41,"code":150547,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150549,150550,150582],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150551,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578,150580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150553,1119],{"class":54},[48,150555,59],{"class":58},[48,150557,330],{"class":62},[48,150559,67],{"class":66},[48,150561,1137],{"class":70},[48,150563,67],{"class":66},[48,150565,87],{"class":62},[48,150567,79],{"class":66},[48,150569,18179],{"class":70},[48,150571,67],{"class":66},[48,150573,87],{"class":62},[48,150575,79],{"class":66},[48,150577,13848],{"class":70},[48,150579,67],{"class":66},[48,150581,162],{"class":62},[48,150583,150584,150586,150588,150590],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150585,276],{"class":147},[48,150587,151],{"class":62},[48,150589,1196],{"class":137},[48,150591,162],{"class":62},[1752,150593,150595],{"id":150594},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[39,150597,150599],{"className":41,"code":150598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150600,150601,150625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150602,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150604,60022],{"class":54},[48,150606,59],{"class":58},[48,150608,330],{"class":62},[48,150610,3770],{"class":99},[48,150612,87],{"class":62},[48,150614,79],{"class":66},[48,150616,1128],{"class":70},[48,150618,67],{"class":66},[48,150620,87],{"class":62},[48,150622,4697],{"class":1642},[48,150624,162],{"class":62},[48,150626,150627,150629,150631,150633],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150628,276],{"class":147},[48,150630,151],{"class":62},[48,150632,60075],{"class":137},[48,150634,162],{"class":62},[1752,150636,150638],{"id":150637},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150640,150641],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[39,150643,150645],{"className":41,"code":150644,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150646,150647,150688],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150648,150649,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150650,150651],{"class":54},"nested ",[48,150653,59],{"class":58},[48,150655,330],{"class":62},[48,150657,3770],{"class":99},[48,150659,87],{"class":62},[48,150661,330],{"class":62},[48,150663,67],{"class":66},[48,150665,348],{"class":70},[48,150667,67],{"class":66},[48,150669,87],{"class":62},[48,150671,79],{"class":66},[48,150673,2059],{"class":70},[48,150675,67],{"class":66},[48,150677,327],{"class":62},[48,150679,4404],{"class":62},[48,150681,3114],{"class":99},[48,150683,87],{"class":62},[48,150685,2506],{"class":99},[48,150687,4670],{"class":62},[48,150689,150690,150692,150694,150697],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150691,276],{"class":147},[48,150693,151],{"class":62},[48,150695,150696],{"class":137},"nested",[48,150698,162],{"class":62},[20,150700,168],{},[39,150702,150704],{"className":41,"code":150703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150705,150706],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150707,150708,150710,150712,150714,150716,150718,150720,150722,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738,150740],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150709,151],{"class":62},[48,150711,3770],{"class":99},[48,150713,87],{"class":62},[48,150715,330],{"class":62},[48,150717,311],{"class":66},[48,150719,348],{"class":70},[48,150721,311],{"class":66},[48,150723,87],{"class":62},[48,150725,320],{"class":66},[48,150727,2059],{"class":70},[48,150729,311],{"class":66},[48,150731,327],{"class":62},[48,150733,4404],{"class":62},[48,150735,3114],{"class":99},[48,150737,87],{"class":62},[48,150739,2506],{"class":99},[48,150741,4670],{"class":62},[34,150743,150745,150746],{"id":150744},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150747,38587],{},[20,150749,150750,150751,150753],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150752,38587],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150755,150756,150757,134],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[348,150758,63768],{"href":63767},[1752,150760,105799],{"id":105798},[39,150762,150764],{"className":41,"code":150763,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150765,150766,150788],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150767,150768,150770,150772,150774,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150769,2232],{"class":54},[48,150771,59],{"class":58},[48,150773,149906],{"class":281},[48,150775,3767],{"class":62},[48,150777,3770],{"class":99},[48,150779,87],{"class":62},[48,150781,632],{"class":99},[48,150783,87],{"class":62},[48,150785,800],{"class":99},[48,150787,4670],{"class":62},[48,150789,150790,150792,150794,150796],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150791,276],{"class":147},[48,150793,151],{"class":62},[48,150795,2411],{"class":137},[48,150797,162],{"class":62},[20,150799,168],{},[39,150801,150802],{"className":41,"code":150119,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,150803,150804],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150805,150806,150808,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150807,151],{"class":62},[48,150809,3770],{"class":99},[48,150811,87],{"class":62},[48,150813,632],{"class":99},[48,150815,87],{"class":62},[48,150817,800],{"class":99},[48,150819,162],{"class":62},[1752,150821,105985],{"id":105984},[39,150823,150825],{"className":41,"code":150824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150826,150827,150845],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150828,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150830,36629],{"class":54},[48,150832,59],{"class":58},[48,150834,149906],{"class":281},[48,150836,151],{"class":62},[48,150838,67],{"class":66},[48,150840,42103],{"class":70},[48,150842,67],{"class":66},[48,150844,162],{"class":62},[48,150846,150847,150849,150851,150853],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150848,276],{"class":147},[48,150850,151],{"class":62},[48,150852,36682],{"class":137},[48,150854,162],{"class":62},[20,150856,168],{},[39,150858,150860],{"className":41,"code":150859,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150861,150862],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150863,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886,150888],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150865,151],{"class":62},[48,150867,311],{"class":66},[48,150869,348],{"class":70},[48,150871,311],{"class":66},[48,150873,87],{"class":62},[48,150875,320],{"class":66},[48,150877,2059],{"class":70},[48,150879,311],{"class":66},[48,150881,87],{"class":62},[48,150883,320],{"class":66},[48,150885,2265],{"class":70},[48,150887,311],{"class":66},[48,150889,162],{"class":62},[20,150891,150892],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1752,150894,150896],{"id":150895},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[39,150898,150900],{"className":41,"code":150899,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150901,150902,150920],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150903,150904,150906,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150905,4605],{"class":54},[48,150907,59],{"class":58},[48,150909,149906],{"class":281},[48,150911,151],{"class":62},[48,150913,60548],{"class":147},[48,150915,151],{"class":62},[48,150917,3288],{"class":99},[48,150919,670],{"class":62},[48,150921,150922,150924,150926,150928],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,150923,276],{"class":147},[48,150925,151],{"class":62},[48,150927,1415],{"class":137},[48,150929,162],{"class":62},[20,150931,168],{},[39,150933,150935],{"className":41,"code":150934,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150936,150937],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150938,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953,150955],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150940,151],{"class":62},[48,150942,2904],{"class":99},[48,150944,87],{"class":62},[48,150946,618],{"class":99},[48,150948,87],{"class":62},[48,150950,632],{"class":99},[48,150952,87],{"class":62},[48,150954,800],{"class":99},[48,150956,162],{"class":62},[20,150958,150959],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[34,150961,21519],{"id":21518},[209,150963,150964,150967,150970,150973],{},[212,150965,150966],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[212,150968,150969],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[212,150971,150972],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[212,150974,150975],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150977,150978,150979,134],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[348,150980,150982],{"href":150981},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[34,150984,1745],{"id":1744},[20,150986,150987],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1752,150989,150991],{"id":150990},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150993,150994],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[39,150996,150998],{"className":41,"code":150997,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150999,151000,151016],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151001,151002,151004,151006,151008,151010,151012,151014],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151003,29071],{"class":54},[48,151005,59],{"class":58},[48,151007,330],{"class":62},[48,151009,67],{"class":66},[48,151011,1128],{"class":70},[48,151013,67],{"class":66},[48,151015,162],{"class":62},[48,151017,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151019,276],{"class":147},[48,151021,151],{"class":62},[48,151023,2094],{"class":281},[48,151025,151],{"class":62},[48,151027,1967],{"class":137},[48,151029,670],{"class":62},[20,151031,151032],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[39,151034,151036],{"className":41,"code":151035,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,151037,151038,151054],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151039,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151041,29071],{"class":54},[48,151043,59],{"class":58},[48,151045,330],{"class":62},[48,151047,67],{"class":66},[48,151049,1128],{"class":70},[48,151051,67],{"class":66},[48,151053,149896],{"class":62},[48,151055,151056,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151057,276],{"class":147},[48,151059,151],{"class":62},[48,151061,2094],{"class":281},[48,151063,151],{"class":62},[48,151065,1967],{"class":137},[48,151067,670],{"class":62},[1752,151069,151071],{"id":151070},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,151073,151074],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[39,151076,151078],{"className":41,"code":151077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151079,151080,151100],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151083,4605],{"class":54},[48,151085,59],{"class":58},[48,151087,4404],{"class":62},[48,151089,3770],{"class":99},[48,151091,87],{"class":62},[48,151093,632],{"class":99},[48,151095,87],{"class":62},[48,151097,800],{"class":99},[48,151099,1465],{"class":62},[48,151101,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110,151112],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151103,276],{"class":147},[48,151105,151],{"class":62},[48,151107,2094],{"class":281},[48,151109,151],{"class":62},[48,151111,1415],{"class":137},[48,151113,670],{"class":62},[20,151115,151116],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[39,151118,151120],{"className":41,"code":151119,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151121,151122,151142],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151123,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151125,4605],{"class":54},[48,151127,59],{"class":58},[48,151129,330],{"class":62},[48,151131,3770],{"class":99},[48,151133,87],{"class":62},[48,151135,632],{"class":99},[48,151137,87],{"class":62},[48,151139,800],{"class":99},[48,151141,162],{"class":62},[48,151143,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151145,276],{"class":147},[48,151147,151],{"class":62},[48,151149,2094],{"class":281},[48,151151,151],{"class":62},[48,151153,1415],{"class":137},[48,151155,670],{"class":62},[1752,151157,151159],{"id":151158},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,151161,150972],{},[39,151163,151165],{"className":41,"code":151164,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,151166,151167,151187],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151168,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151170,2232],{"class":54},[48,151172,59],{"class":58},[48,151174,330],{"class":62},[48,151176,3770],{"class":99},[48,151178,87],{"class":62},[48,151180,632],{"class":99},[48,151182,87],{"class":62},[48,151184,800],{"class":99},[48,151186,162],{"class":62},[48,151188,151189],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151190,151191],{"class":4445},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,151193,151194],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1752,151196,37744,151198,151201],{"id":151197},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,151199,151200],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,151203,65194],{},[39,151205,151206],{"className":41,"code":150824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,151207,151208,151226],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151209,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220,151222,151224],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151211,36629],{"class":54},[48,151213,59],{"class":58},[48,151215,149906],{"class":281},[48,151217,151],{"class":62},[48,151219,67],{"class":66},[48,151221,42103],{"class":70},[48,151223,67],{"class":66},[48,151225,162],{"class":62},[48,151227,151228,151230,151232,151234],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151229,276],{"class":147},[48,151231,151],{"class":62},[48,151233,36682],{"class":137},[48,151235,162],{"class":62},[20,151237,151238],{},"gives:",[39,151240,151241],{"className":41,"code":150859,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,151242,151243],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151244,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151246,151],{"class":62},[48,151248,311],{"class":66},[48,151250,348],{"class":70},[48,151252,311],{"class":66},[48,151254,87],{"class":62},[48,151256,320],{"class":66},[48,151258,2059],{"class":70},[48,151260,311],{"class":66},[48,151262,87],{"class":62},[48,151264,320],{"class":66},[48,151266,2265],{"class":70},[48,151268,311],{"class":66},[48,151270,162],{"class":62},[20,151272,151273],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[39,151275,151277],{"className":41,"code":151276,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,151278,151279,151295],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151280,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151282,6929],{"class":54},[48,151284,59],{"class":58},[48,151286,330],{"class":62},[48,151288,67],{"class":66},[48,151290,42103],{"class":70},[48,151292,67],{"class":66},[48,151294,149896],{"class":62},[48,151296,151297,151299,151301,151303],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151298,276],{"class":147},[48,151300,151],{"class":62},[48,151302,38932],{"class":137},[48,151304,162],{"class":62},[20,151306,168],{},[39,151308,151310],{"className":41,"code":151309,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('abc',)\n",[15,151311,151312],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151313,151314,151316,151318,151320,151322],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151315,151],{"class":62},[48,151317,311],{"class":66},[48,151319,42103],{"class":70},[48,151321,311],{"class":66},[48,151323,149896],{"class":62},[1752,151325,151327],{"id":151326},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151329,151330],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[39,151332,151334],{"className":41,"code":151333,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151335,151336,151353,151357,151367,151381],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151337,151338,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349,151351],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151339,151340],{"class":54},"my_tuple ",[48,151342,59],{"class":58},[48,151344,330],{"class":62},[48,151346,67],{"class":66},[48,151348,1128],{"class":70},[48,151350,67],{"class":66},[48,151352,149896],{"class":62},[48,151354,151355],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151356,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,151358,151359,151361,151363,151365],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,151360,276],{"class":147},[48,151362,151],{"class":62},[48,151364,148558],{"class":137},[48,151366,162],{"class":62},[48,151368,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,151370,276],{"class":147},[48,151372,151],{"class":62},[48,151374,2094],{"class":281},[48,151376,151],{"class":62},[48,151378,148558],{"class":137},[48,151380,670],{"class":62},[48,151382,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,151384,276],{"class":147},[48,151386,151],{"class":62},[48,151388,11914],{"class":147},[48,151390,151],{"class":62},[48,151392,148558],{"class":137},[48,151394,670],{"class":62},[34,151396,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,151398,151400],{"id":151399},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151402,151403,151404,151407],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151405,151406],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1752,151409,151411],{"id":151410},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151413,151414],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1752,151416,151418],{"id":151417},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151420,151421],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1752,151423,151425],{"id":151424},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151427,151428],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1752,151430,5920,151432,13459],{"id":151431},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151433,151200],{},[20,151435,5925,151436,151439],{},[15,151437,151438],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[34,151441,2679],{"id":2678},[209,151443,151444,151448,151452,151458,151463,151468,151472],{},[212,151445,151446],{},[348,151447,148540],{"href":148539},[212,151449,151450],{},[348,151451,150213],{"href":150212},[212,151453,151454],{},[348,151455,151457],{"href":151456},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[212,151459,151460],{},[348,151461,151462],{"href":149778},"Python tuple length with len()",[212,151464,151465],{},[348,151466,151467],{"href":149843},"What is a tuple in Python?",[212,151469,151470],{},[348,151471,63768],{"href":63767},[212,151473,151474],{},[348,151475,151476],{"href":150981},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2711,151478,151479],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":151481},[151482,151483,151484,151485,151486,151487,151493,151499,151500,151508,151516],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":15890,"depth":106,"text":15891},{"id":150072,"depth":106,"text":150073},{"id":150216,"depth":106,"text":150217},{"id":150309,"depth":106,"text":150310},{"id":150502,"depth":106,"text":150503,"children":151488},[151489,151490,151491,151492],{"id":2411,"depth":113,"text":57010},{"id":6087,"depth":113,"text":57013},{"id":150594,"depth":113,"text":150595},{"id":150637,"depth":113,"text":150638},{"id":150744,"depth":106,"text":151494,"children":151495},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151496,151497,151498],{"id":105798,"depth":113,"text":105799},{"id":105984,"depth":113,"text":105985},{"id":150895,"depth":113,"text":150896},{"id":21518,"depth":106,"text":21519},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":151501},[151502,151503,151504,151505,151507],{"id":150990,"depth":113,"text":150991},{"id":151070,"depth":113,"text":151071},{"id":151158,"depth":113,"text":151159},{"id":151197,"depth":113,"text":151506},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151326,"depth":113,"text":151327},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":151509},[151510,151511,151512,151513,151514],{"id":151399,"depth":113,"text":151400},{"id":151410,"depth":113,"text":151411},{"id":151417,"depth":113,"text":151418},{"id":151424,"depth":113,"text":151425},{"id":151431,"depth":113,"text":151515},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149829,"description":151517},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151524,"title":151525,"body":151526,"description":153071,"extension":2749,"meta":153072,"navigation":109,"path":153073,"seo":153074,"stem":153075,"__hash__":153076},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151527,"toc":153041},[151528,151531,151536,151538,151551,151557,151559,151626,151628,151663,151668,151672,151676,151678,151689,151697,151699,151701,151722,151724,151744,151747,151749,151754,151797,151799,151821,151824,151837,151841,151845,151848,151901,151903,151924,151929,151933,151936,151981,151983,152016,152028,152032,152040,152077,152079,152108,152112,152115,152168,152170,152190,152197,152201,152206,152275,152277,152302,152306,152309,152315,152392,152394,152453,152455,152467,152472,152476,152480,152494,152496,152531,152533,152550,152553,152566,152570,152574,152585,152590,152605,152608,152611,152613,152616,152620,152622,152636,152638,152662,152667,152671,152674,152693,152696,152745,152750,152767,152770,152803,152807,152809,152860,152863,152888,152891,152914,152918,152924,152926,152961,152964,152969,152971,152975,152978,152982,152987,152991,152994,152998,153001,153005,153010,153012,153038],[10,151529,151525],{"id":151530},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151532,9890,151533,151535],{},[15,151534,38587],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151537,83140],{},[209,151539,151540,151545],{},[212,151541,151542,151544],{},[15,151543,38587],{}," creates an empty tuple",[212,151546,151547,151550],{},[15,151548,151549],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151552,151553,151554,151556],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151555,38587],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[34,151558,37],{"id":36},[39,151560,151562],{"className":41,"code":151561,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151563,151564,151584,151598,151602,151612],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151565,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151567,2232],{"class":54},[48,151569,59],{"class":58},[48,151571,4404],{"class":62},[48,151573,3770],{"class":99},[48,151575,87],{"class":62},[48,151577,632],{"class":99},[48,151579,87],{"class":62},[48,151581,800],{"class":99},[48,151583,1465],{"class":62},[48,151585,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151587,449],{"class":54},[48,151589,59],{"class":58},[48,151591,149906],{"class":281},[48,151593,151],{"class":62},[48,151595,2411],{"class":137},[48,151597,162],{"class":62},[48,151599,151600],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,151601,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,151603,151604,151606,151608,151610],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,151605,276],{"class":147},[48,151607,151],{"class":62},[48,151609,474],{"class":137},[48,151611,162],{"class":62},[48,151613,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,151615,276],{"class":147},[48,151617,151],{"class":62},[48,151619,2094],{"class":281},[48,151621,151],{"class":62},[48,151623,474],{"class":137},[48,151625,670],{"class":62},[20,151627,168],{},[39,151629,151631],{"className":41,"code":151630,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151632,151633,151649],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151634,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645,151647],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151636,151],{"class":62},[48,151638,3770],{"class":99},[48,151640,87],{"class":62},[48,151642,632],{"class":99},[48,151644,87],{"class":62},[48,151646,800],{"class":99},[48,151648,162],{"class":62},[48,151650,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151652,2168],{"class":58},[48,151654,2171],{"class":915},[48,151656,320],{"class":66},[48,151658,49499],{"class":70},[48,151660,311],{"class":66},[48,151662,2180],{"class":58},[20,151664,189,151665,151667],{},[15,151666,151549],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[34,151669,151671],{"id":151670},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151673,151674,63476],{},[15,151675,38587],{},[20,151677,49473],{},[209,151679,151680,151683,151686],{},[212,151681,151682],{},"creates a tuple object",[212,151684,151685],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[212,151687,151688],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151690,151691,151692,151694,151695,134],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[348,151693,149844],{"href":149843}," or the full guide to ",[348,151696,148540],{"href":148539},[34,151698,360],{"id":359},[20,151700,27019],{},[39,151702,151704],{"className":41,"code":151703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151705,151706,151712],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151707,151708,151710],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151709,49499],{"class":281},[48,151711,380],{"class":62},[48,151713,151714,151716,151718,151720],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151715,49499],{"class":281},[48,151717,151],{"class":62},[48,151719,4502],{"class":137},[48,151721,162],{"class":62},[20,151723,207],{},[209,151725,151726,151729],{},[212,151727,151728],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[212,151730,151731,151732],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[209,151733,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742],{},[212,151735,6078],{},[212,151737,6087],{},[212,151739,63547],{},[212,151741,6084],{},[212,151743,8020],{},[20,151745,151746],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[34,151748,150217],{"id":150216},[20,151750,30183,151751,151753],{},[15,151752,38587],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[39,151755,151757],{"className":41,"code":151756,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151758,151759,151769,151773,151783],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151760,151761,151763,151765,151767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151762,125404],{"class":54},[48,151764,59],{"class":58},[48,151766,149906],{"class":281},[48,151768,380],{"class":62},[48,151770,151771],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151772,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,151774,151775,151777,151779,151781],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,151776,276],{"class":147},[48,151778,151],{"class":62},[48,151780,125455],{"class":137},[48,151782,162],{"class":62},[48,151784,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,151786,276],{"class":147},[48,151788,151],{"class":62},[48,151790,2094],{"class":281},[48,151792,151],{"class":62},[48,151794,125455],{"class":137},[48,151796,670],{"class":62},[20,151798,168],{},[39,151800,151801],{"className":41,"code":150262,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,151802,151803,151807],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151804,151805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151806,380],{"class":62},[48,151808,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151810,2168],{"class":58},[48,151812,2171],{"class":915},[48,151814,320],{"class":66},[48,151816,49499],{"class":70},[48,151818,311],{"class":66},[48,151820,2180],{"class":58},[20,151822,151823],{},"This is equivalent to:",[39,151825,151827],{"className":41,"code":151826,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty = ()\n",[15,151828,151829],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151830,151831,151833,151835],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151832,125404],{"class":54},[48,151834,59],{"class":58},[48,151836,149882],{"class":62},[34,151838,151840],{"id":151839},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1752,151842,151844],{"id":151843},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151846,151847],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[39,151849,151851],{"className":41,"code":151850,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151852,151853,151873,151887,151891],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151854,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151856,2232],{"class":54},[48,151858,59],{"class":58},[48,151860,4404],{"class":62},[48,151862,3114],{"class":99},[48,151864,87],{"class":62},[48,151866,2506],{"class":99},[48,151868,87],{"class":62},[48,151870,8564],{"class":99},[48,151872,1465],{"class":62},[48,151874,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151876,449],{"class":54},[48,151878,59],{"class":58},[48,151880,149906],{"class":281},[48,151882,151],{"class":62},[48,151884,2411],{"class":137},[48,151886,162],{"class":62},[48,151888,151889],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,151890,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,151892,151893,151895,151897,151899],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,151894,276],{"class":147},[48,151896,151],{"class":62},[48,151898,474],{"class":137},[48,151900,162],{"class":62},[20,151902,168],{},[39,151904,151906],{"className":41,"code":151905,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151907,151908],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151909,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151911,151],{"class":62},[48,151913,3114],{"class":99},[48,151915,87],{"class":62},[48,151917,2506],{"class":99},[48,151919,87],{"class":62},[48,151921,8564],{"class":99},[48,151923,162],{"class":62},[20,151925,151926,151927,134],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[348,151928,105604],{"href":60605},[1752,151930,151932],{"id":151931},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151934,151935],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[39,151937,151939],{"className":41,"code":151938,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151940,151941,151953,151967,151971],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151942,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151944,35224],{"class":54},[48,151946,59],{"class":58},[48,151948,79],{"class":66},[48,151950,37587],{"class":70},[48,151952,4138],{"class":66},[48,151954,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,151956,449],{"class":54},[48,151958,59],{"class":58},[48,151960,149906],{"class":281},[48,151962,151],{"class":62},[48,151964,35245],{"class":137},[48,151966,162],{"class":62},[48,151968,151969],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,151970,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,151972,151973,151975,151977,151979],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,151974,276],{"class":147},[48,151976,151],{"class":62},[48,151978,474],{"class":137},[48,151980,162],{"class":62},[20,151982,168],{},[39,151984,151986],{"className":41,"code":151985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151987,151988],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151989,151990,151992,151994,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012,152014],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151991,151],{"class":62},[48,151993,311],{"class":66},[48,151995,2265],{"class":70},[48,151997,311],{"class":66},[48,151999,87],{"class":62},[48,152001,320],{"class":66},[48,152003,348],{"class":70},[48,152005,311],{"class":66},[48,152007,87],{"class":62},[48,152009,320],{"class":66},[48,152011,63837],{"class":70},[48,152013,311],{"class":66},[48,152015,162],{"class":62},[20,152017,152018,152019,14784,152022,152024,152025,134],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,152020,152021],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[166,152023,5413],{}," create ",[15,152026,152027],{},"('cat',)",[1752,152029,152031],{"id":152030},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,152033,152034,152036,152037,152039],{},[15,152035,36737],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,152038,38587],{}," collects them all.",[39,152041,152043],{"className":41,"code":152042,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152044,152045,152063,152067],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152046,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152048,449],{"class":54},[48,152050,59],{"class":58},[48,152052,149906],{"class":281},[48,152054,151],{"class":62},[48,152056,60548],{"class":147},[48,152058,151],{"class":62},[48,152060,2921],{"class":99},[48,152062,670],{"class":62},[48,152064,152065],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152066,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,152068,152069,152071,152073,152075],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,152070,276],{"class":147},[48,152072,151],{"class":62},[48,152074,474],{"class":137},[48,152076,162],{"class":62},[20,152078,168],{},[39,152080,152082],{"className":41,"code":152081,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,152083,152084],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152085,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152087,151],{"class":62},[48,152089,2904],{"class":99},[48,152091,87],{"class":62},[48,152093,618],{"class":99},[48,152095,87],{"class":62},[48,152097,632],{"class":99},[48,152099,87],{"class":62},[48,152101,800],{"class":99},[48,152103,87],{"class":62},[48,152105,3241],{"class":99},[48,152107,162],{"class":62},[1752,152109,152111],{"id":152110},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,152113,152114],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[39,152116,152118],{"className":41,"code":152117,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152119,152120,152140,152154,152158],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152121,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152123,4605],{"class":54},[48,152125,59],{"class":58},[48,152127,63],{"class":62},[48,152129,3770],{"class":99},[48,152131,87],{"class":62},[48,152133,632],{"class":99},[48,152135,87],{"class":62},[48,152137,800],{"class":99},[48,152139,103],{"class":62},[48,152141,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152143,449],{"class":54},[48,152145,59],{"class":58},[48,152147,149906],{"class":281},[48,152149,151],{"class":62},[48,152151,1415],{"class":137},[48,152153,162],{"class":62},[48,152155,152156],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,152157,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,152159,152160,152162,152164,152166],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,152161,276],{"class":147},[48,152163,151],{"class":62},[48,152165,474],{"class":137},[48,152167,162],{"class":62},[20,152169,168],{},[39,152171,152172],{"className":41,"code":150119,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,152173,152174],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152175,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152177,151],{"class":62},[48,152179,3770],{"class":99},[48,152181,87],{"class":62},[48,152183,632],{"class":99},[48,152185,87],{"class":62},[48,152187,800],{"class":99},[48,152189,162],{"class":62},[20,152191,152192,152193,134],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[348,152194,152196],{"href":152195},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1752,152198,152200],{"id":152199},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,152202,64090,152203,152205],{},[15,152204,38587],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[39,152207,152209],{"className":41,"code":152208,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152210,152211,152247,152261,152265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152212,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152214,55],{"class":54},[48,152216,59],{"class":58},[48,152218,63],{"class":62},[48,152220,67],{"class":66},[48,152222,71],{"class":70},[48,152224,67],{"class":66},[48,152226,76],{"class":62},[48,152228,79],{"class":66},[48,152230,82],{"class":70},[48,152232,67],{"class":66},[48,152234,87],{"class":62},[48,152236,79],{"class":66},[48,152238,92],{"class":70},[48,152240,67],{"class":66},[48,152242,76],{"class":62},[48,152244,100],{"class":99},[48,152246,103],{"class":62},[48,152248,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152250,449],{"class":54},[48,152252,59],{"class":58},[48,152254,149906],{"class":281},[48,152256,151],{"class":62},[48,152258,287],{"class":137},[48,152260,162],{"class":62},[48,152262,152263],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,152264,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,152266,152267,152269,152271,152273],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,152268,276],{"class":147},[48,152270,151],{"class":62},[48,152272,474],{"class":137},[48,152274,162],{"class":62},[20,152276,30563],{},[39,152278,152280],{"className":41,"code":152279,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,152281,152282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152283,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152285,151],{"class":62},[48,152287,311],{"class":66},[48,152289,71],{"class":70},[48,152291,311],{"class":66},[48,152293,87],{"class":62},[48,152295,320],{"class":66},[48,152297,92],{"class":70},[48,152299,311],{"class":66},[48,152301,162],{"class":62},[34,152303,152305],{"id":152304},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,152307,152308],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152310,152311,152314],{},[15,152312,152313],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[39,152316,152318],{"className":41,"code":152317,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152319,152320,152356,152360,152374],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152321,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152323,55],{"class":54},[48,152325,59],{"class":58},[48,152327,63],{"class":62},[48,152329,67],{"class":66},[48,152331,71],{"class":70},[48,152333,67],{"class":66},[48,152335,76],{"class":62},[48,152337,79],{"class":66},[48,152339,82],{"class":70},[48,152341,67],{"class":66},[48,152343,87],{"class":62},[48,152345,79],{"class":66},[48,152347,92],{"class":70},[48,152349,67],{"class":66},[48,152351,76],{"class":62},[48,152353,100],{"class":99},[48,152355,103],{"class":62},[48,152357,152358],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152359,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,152361,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,152363,276],{"class":147},[48,152365,151],{"class":62},[48,152367,49499],{"class":281},[48,152369,151],{"class":62},[48,152371,287],{"class":137},[48,152373,670],{"class":62},[48,152375,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,152377,276],{"class":147},[48,152379,151],{"class":62},[48,152381,49499],{"class":281},[48,152383,151],{"class":62},[48,152385,287],{"class":137},[48,152387,134],{"class":62},[48,152389,138],{"class":137},[48,152391,294],{"class":62},[20,152393,168],{},[39,152395,152397],{"className":41,"code":152396,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152398,152399,152419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152400,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152402,151],{"class":62},[48,152404,311],{"class":66},[48,152406,71],{"class":70},[48,152408,311],{"class":66},[48,152410,87],{"class":62},[48,152412,320],{"class":66},[48,152414,92],{"class":70},[48,152416,311],{"class":66},[48,152418,162],{"class":62},[48,152420,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152422,6287],{"class":62},[48,152424,311],{"class":66},[48,152426,71],{"class":70},[48,152428,311],{"class":66},[48,152430,87],{"class":62},[48,152432,320],{"class":66},[48,152434,82],{"class":70},[48,152436,311],{"class":66},[48,152438,327],{"class":62},[48,152440,330],{"class":62},[48,152442,311],{"class":66},[48,152444,92],{"class":70},[48,152446,311],{"class":66},[48,152448,87],{"class":62},[48,152450,100],{"class":99},[48,152452,670],{"class":62},[20,152454,19416],{},[209,152456,152457,152462],{},[212,152458,152459,152461],{},[15,152460,152313],{}," for keys",[212,152463,152464,33092],{},[15,152465,152466],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152468,152469,152470,134],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[348,152471,64100],{"href":64099},[34,152473,152475],{"id":152474},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152477,152478,19041],{},[15,152479,38587],{},[209,152481,152482,152485,152488,152491],{},[212,152483,152484],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[212,152486,152487],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[212,152489,152490],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[212,152492,152493],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152495,226],{},[39,152497,152499],{"className":41,"code":152498,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152500,152501,152520],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152502,152503,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152504,152505],{"class":54},"coordinates ",[48,152507,59],{"class":58},[48,152509,149906],{"class":281},[48,152511,3767],{"class":62},[48,152513,3288],{"class":99},[48,152515,87],{"class":62},[48,152517,6769],{"class":99},[48,152519,4670],{"class":62},[48,152521,152522,152524,152526,152529],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152523,276],{"class":147},[48,152525,151],{"class":62},[48,152527,152528],{"class":137},"coordinates",[48,152530,162],{"class":62},[20,152532,168],{},[39,152534,152536],{"className":41,"code":152535,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152537,152538],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152539,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152541,151],{"class":62},[48,152543,3288],{"class":99},[48,152545,87],{"class":62},[48,152547,6769],{"class":99},[48,152549,162],{"class":62},[20,152551,152552],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[209,152554,152555,152557,152560,152563],{},[212,152556,152528],{},[212,152558,152559],{},"RGB colors",[212,152561,152562],{},"dates",[212,152564,152565],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[34,152567,152569],{"id":152568},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152571,44973,152572,11355],{},[15,152573,38587],{},[209,152575,152576,152579,152582],{},[212,152577,152578],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[212,152580,152581],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[212,152583,152584],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152586,117031,152587,152589],{},[166,152588,5413],{}," work:",[39,152591,152593],{"className":41,"code":152592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152594,152595],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152596,152597,152599,152601,152603],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152598,49499],{"class":281},[48,152600,151],{"class":62},[48,152602,2921],{"class":99},[48,152604,162],{"class":62},[20,152606,152607],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152609,152610],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[34,152612,115869],{"id":115868},[20,152614,152615],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1752,152617,152619],{"id":152618},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152621,3618],{},[39,152623,152624],{"className":41,"code":152592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,152625,152626],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152627,152628,152630,152632,152634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152629,49499],{"class":281},[48,152631,151],{"class":62},[48,152633,2921],{"class":99},[48,152635,162],{"class":62},[20,152637,30214],{},[39,152639,152640],{"className":41,"code":64204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,152641,152642],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152643,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152645,3787],{"class":281},[48,152647,76],{"class":62},[48,152649,320],{"class":66},[48,152651,2972],{"class":70},[48,152653,311],{"class":66},[48,152655,25148],{"class":281},[48,152657,8863],{"class":58},[48,152659,8866],{"class":58},[48,152661,64227],{"class":54},[20,152663,152664,152665,134],{},"If you see this, read ",[348,152666,62841],{"href":53147},[1752,152668,152670],{"id":152669},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152672,152673],{},"This code:",[39,152675,152677],{"className":41,"code":152676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152678,152679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152680,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152682,49499],{"class":281},[48,152684,151],{"class":62},[48,152686,67],{"class":66},[48,152688,4628],{"class":70},[48,152690,67],{"class":66},[48,152692,162],{"class":62},[20,152694,152695],{},"returns:",[39,152697,152699],{"className":41,"code":152698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152700,152701],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152702,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152704,151],{"class":62},[48,152706,311],{"class":66},[48,152708,60988],{"class":70},[48,152710,311],{"class":66},[48,152712,87],{"class":62},[48,152714,320],{"class":66},[48,152716,60997],{"class":70},[48,152718,311],{"class":66},[48,152720,87],{"class":62},[48,152722,320],{"class":66},[48,152724,61006],{"class":70},[48,152726,311],{"class":66},[48,152728,87],{"class":62},[48,152730,320],{"class":66},[48,152732,61006],{"class":70},[48,152734,311],{"class":66},[48,152736,87],{"class":62},[48,152738,320],{"class":66},[48,152740,61023],{"class":70},[48,152742,311],{"class":66},[48,152744,162],{"class":62},[20,152746,41448,152747,152749],{},[166,152748,5413],{}," return:",[39,152751,152753],{"className":41,"code":152752,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('hello',)\n",[15,152754,152755],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152756,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152758,151],{"class":62},[48,152760,311],{"class":66},[48,152762,4628],{"class":70},[48,152764,311],{"class":66},[48,152766,149896],{"class":62},[20,152768,152769],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[39,152771,152773],{"className":41,"code":152772,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152774,152775,152792],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152776,152777,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152778,152779],{"class":54},"single ",[48,152781,59],{"class":58},[48,152783,330],{"class":62},[48,152785,67],{"class":66},[48,152787,4628],{"class":70},[48,152789,67],{"class":66},[48,152791,149896],{"class":62},[48,152793,152794,152796,152798,152801],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152795,276],{"class":147},[48,152797,151],{"class":62},[48,152799,152800],{"class":137},"single",[48,152802,162],{"class":62},[1752,152804,152806],{"id":152805},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152808,152673],{},[39,152810,152812],{"className":41,"code":152811,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152813,152814,152846],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152815,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152817,602],{"class":54},[48,152819,59],{"class":58},[48,152821,63],{"class":62},[48,152823,67],{"class":66},[48,152825,348],{"class":70},[48,152827,67],{"class":66},[48,152829,76],{"class":62},[48,152831,618],{"class":99},[48,152833,87],{"class":62},[48,152835,79],{"class":66},[48,152837,2059],{"class":70},[48,152839,67],{"class":66},[48,152841,76],{"class":62},[48,152843,632],{"class":99},[48,152845,103],{"class":62},[48,152847,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152849,276],{"class":147},[48,152851,151],{"class":62},[48,152853,49499],{"class":281},[48,152855,151],{"class":62},[48,152857,679],{"class":137},[48,152859,670],{"class":62},[20,152861,152862],{},"returns only the keys:",[39,152864,152866],{"className":41,"code":152865,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152867,152868],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152869,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152871,151],{"class":62},[48,152873,311],{"class":66},[48,152875,348],{"class":70},[48,152877,311],{"class":66},[48,152879,87],{"class":62},[48,152881,320],{"class":66},[48,152883,2059],{"class":70},[48,152885,311],{"class":66},[48,152887,162],{"class":62},[20,152889,152890],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[39,152892,152894],{"className":41,"code":152893,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152895,152896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152897,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152899,276],{"class":147},[48,152901,151],{"class":62},[48,152903,49499],{"class":281},[48,152905,151],{"class":62},[48,152907,679],{"class":137},[48,152909,134],{"class":62},[48,152911,138],{"class":137},[48,152913,294],{"class":62},[1752,152915,152917],{"id":152916},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152919,152920,152921,152923],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152922,38587],{}," conversion.",[20,152925,6249],{},[39,152927,152929],{"className":41,"code":152928,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152930,152931,152951],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152932,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152934,3231],{"class":54},[48,152936,59],{"class":58},[48,152938,330],{"class":62},[48,152940,3770],{"class":99},[48,152942,87],{"class":62},[48,152944,632],{"class":99},[48,152946,87],{"class":62},[48,152948,800],{"class":99},[48,152950,162],{"class":62},[48,152952,152953,152955,152957,152959],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,152954,276],{"class":147},[48,152956,151],{"class":62},[48,152958,933],{"class":137},[48,152960,162],{"class":62},[20,152962,152963],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152965,26037,152966,152968],{},[15,152967,38587],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[34,152970,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,152972,152974],{"id":152973},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152976,152977],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1752,152979,152981],{"id":152980},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152983,152984,152985,134],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152986,8135],{},[1752,152988,152990],{"id":152989},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152992,152993],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1752,152995,152997],{"id":152996},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152999,153000],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1752,153002,153004],{"id":153003},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,153006,153007,153008,134],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,153009,3787],{},[34,153011,2679],{"id":2678},[209,153013,153014,153018,153022,153026,153030,153034],{},[212,153015,153016],{},[348,153017,148540],{"href":148539},[212,153019,153020],{},[348,153021,151467],{"href":149843},[212,153023,153024],{},[348,153025,105604],{"href":60605},[212,153027,153028],{},[348,153029,152196],{"href":152195},[212,153031,153032],{},[348,153033,64100],{"href":64099},[212,153035,153036],{},[348,153037,62841],{"href":53147},[2711,153039,153040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":153042},[153043,153044,153045,153046,153047,153054,153055,153056,153057,153063,153070],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":151670,"depth":106,"text":151671},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":150216,"depth":106,"text":150217},{"id":151839,"depth":106,"text":151840,"children":153048},[153049,153050,153051,153052,153053],{"id":151843,"depth":113,"text":151844},{"id":151931,"depth":113,"text":151932},{"id":152030,"depth":113,"text":152031},{"id":152110,"depth":113,"text":152111},{"id":152199,"depth":113,"text":152200},{"id":152304,"depth":106,"text":152305},{"id":152474,"depth":106,"text":152475},{"id":152568,"depth":106,"text":152569},{"id":115868,"depth":106,"text":115869,"children":153058},[153059,153060,153061,153062],{"id":152618,"depth":113,"text":152619},{"id":152669,"depth":113,"text":152670},{"id":152805,"depth":113,"text":152806},{"id":152916,"depth":113,"text":152917},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":153064},[153065,153066,153067,153068,153069],{"id":152973,"depth":113,"text":152974},{"id":152980,"depth":113,"text":152981},{"id":152989,"depth":113,"text":152990},{"id":152996,"depth":113,"text":152997},{"id":153003,"depth":113,"text":153004},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151525,"description":153071},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":153078,"title":153079,"body":153080,"description":154493,"extension":2749,"meta":154494,"navigation":109,"path":154495,"seo":154496,"stem":154497,"__hash__":154498},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":153081,"toc":154465},[153082,153087,153092,153095,153097,153176,153182,153187,153191,153206,153208,153255,153257,153265,153273,153279,153281,153286,153306,153309,153336,153338,153362,153364,153506,153508,153512,153520,153523,153525,153602,153604,153612,153616,153620,153630,153640,153642,153647,153649,153708,153713,153715,153815,153817,153831,153836,153842,153849,153852,153854,153964,153968,153985,153987,154050,154052,154060,154072,154076,154081,154109,154112,154194,154196,154207,154209,154213,154240,154242,154244,154324,154332,154334,154389,154391,154396,154399,154403,154407,154409,154413,154417,154425,154432,154435,154437,154462],[10,153083,148424,153085,18],{"id":153084},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,153086,59517],{},[20,153088,153089,153091],{},[15,153090,149745],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,153093,153094],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[34,153096,37],{"id":36},[39,153098,153100],{"className":41,"code":153099,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,153101,153102,153142,153164],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153103,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153105,1119],{"class":54},[48,153107,59],{"class":58},[48,153109,330],{"class":62},[48,153111,67],{"class":66},[48,153113,1137],{"class":70},[48,153115,67],{"class":66},[48,153117,87],{"class":62},[48,153119,79],{"class":66},[48,153121,13848],{"class":70},[48,153123,67],{"class":66},[48,153125,87],{"class":62},[48,153127,79],{"class":66},[48,153129,18179],{"class":70},[48,153131,67],{"class":66},[48,153133,87],{"class":62},[48,153135,79],{"class":66},[48,153137,13848],{"class":70},[48,153139,67],{"class":66},[48,153141,162],{"class":62},[48,153143,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,153145,65470],{"class":54},[48,153147,59],{"class":58},[48,153149,13862],{"class":54},[48,153151,134],{"class":62},[48,153153,36384],{"class":137},[48,153155,151],{"class":62},[48,153157,67],{"class":66},[48,153159,13848],{"class":70},[48,153161,67],{"class":66},[48,153163,162],{"class":62},[48,153165,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,153167,276],{"class":147},[48,153169,151],{"class":62},[48,153171,65497],{"class":137},[48,153173,4442],{"class":62},[48,153175,28312],{"class":4445},[20,153177,153178,153181],{},[15,153179,153180],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[34,153183,196,153185,199],{"id":153184},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,153186,149745],{},[20,153188,22,153189,12164],{},[15,153190,59517],{},[209,153192,153193,153196,153198,153201],{},[212,153194,153195],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[212,153197,129022],{},[212,153199,153200],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[212,153202,153203,153204],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,153205,2904],{},[20,153207,226],{},[39,153209,153211],{"className":41,"code":153210,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,153212,153213,153237],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153214,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153216,2232],{"class":54},[48,153218,59],{"class":58},[48,153220,330],{"class":62},[48,153222,3114],{"class":99},[48,153224,87],{"class":62},[48,153226,2506],{"class":99},[48,153228,87],{"class":62},[48,153230,8564],{"class":99},[48,153232,87],{"class":62},[48,153234,2506],{"class":99},[48,153236,162],{"class":62},[48,153238,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,153240,276],{"class":147},[48,153242,151],{"class":62},[48,153244,2411],{"class":137},[48,153246,134],{"class":62},[48,153248,36384],{"class":137},[48,153250,151],{"class":62},[48,153252,16483],{"class":99},[48,153254,670],{"class":62},[20,153256,168],{},[39,153258,153259],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,153260,153261],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153262,153263],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153264,47462],{"class":99},[20,153266,21695,153267,153269,153270,153272],{},[15,153268,16483],{}," appears twice, ",[15,153271,59517],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,153274,151691,153275,134],{},[348,153276,153278],{"href":153277},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[34,153280,360],{"id":359},[20,153282,8532,153283,153285],{},[15,153284,59517],{}," in two ways:",[39,153287,153289],{"className":41,"code":153288,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,153290,153291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153292,153293,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153294,153295],{"class":54},"tuple_name",[48,153297,134],{"class":62},[48,153299,36384],{"class":137},[48,153301,151],{"class":62},[48,153303,933],{"class":137},[48,153305,162],{"class":62},[20,153307,153308],{},"or:",[39,153310,153312],{"className":41,"code":153311,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153313,153314],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153315,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153317,153295],{"class":54},[48,153319,134],{"class":62},[48,153321,36384],{"class":137},[48,153323,151],{"class":62},[48,153325,933],{"class":137},[48,153327,87],{"class":62},[48,153329,36590],{"class":137},[48,153331,87],{"class":62},[48,153333,65591],{"class":137},[48,153335,162],{"class":62},[1752,153337,18119],{"id":18118},[209,153339,153340,153345,153350,153355],{},[212,153341,153342,153344],{},[15,153343,933],{}," — the item to search for",[212,153346,153347,153349],{},[15,153348,36611],{}," — optional starting position",[212,153351,153352,153354],{},[15,153353,53208],{}," — optional ending position",[212,153356,153357,5565,153359,153361],{},[15,153358,53208],{},[166,153360,65620],{}," in the search",[20,153363,226],{},[39,153365,153367],{"className":41,"code":153366,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153368,153369,153417,153421,153446,153474],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153370,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153372,36629],{"class":54},[48,153374,59],{"class":58},[48,153376,330],{"class":62},[48,153378,67],{"class":66},[48,153380,348],{"class":70},[48,153382,67],{"class":66},[48,153384,87],{"class":62},[48,153386,79],{"class":66},[48,153388,2059],{"class":70},[48,153390,67],{"class":66},[48,153392,87],{"class":62},[48,153394,79],{"class":66},[48,153396,2265],{"class":70},[48,153398,67],{"class":66},[48,153400,87],{"class":62},[48,153402,79],{"class":66},[48,153404,2059],{"class":70},[48,153406,67],{"class":66},[48,153408,87],{"class":62},[48,153410,79],{"class":66},[48,153412,2324],{"class":70},[48,153414,67],{"class":66},[48,153416,162],{"class":62},[48,153418,153419],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,153420,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,153422,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,153424,276],{"class":147},[48,153426,151],{"class":62},[48,153428,36682],{"class":137},[48,153430,134],{"class":62},[48,153432,36384],{"class":137},[48,153434,151],{"class":62},[48,153436,67],{"class":66},[48,153438,2059],{"class":70},[48,153440,67],{"class":66},[48,153442,6139],{"class":62},[48,153444,153445],{"class":4445},"        # 1\n",[48,153447,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,153449,276],{"class":147},[48,153451,151],{"class":62},[48,153453,36682],{"class":137},[48,153455,134],{"class":62},[48,153457,36384],{"class":137},[48,153459,151],{"class":62},[48,153461,67],{"class":66},[48,153463,2059],{"class":70},[48,153465,67],{"class":66},[48,153467,87],{"class":62},[48,153469,632],{"class":99},[48,153471,6139],{"class":62},[48,153473,51465],{"class":4445},[48,153475,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,153477,276],{"class":147},[48,153479,151],{"class":62},[48,153481,36682],{"class":137},[48,153483,134],{"class":62},[48,153485,36384],{"class":137},[48,153487,151],{"class":62},[48,153489,67],{"class":66},[48,153491,2059],{"class":70},[48,153493,67],{"class":66},[48,153495,87],{"class":62},[48,153497,618],{"class":99},[48,153499,87],{"class":62},[48,153501,800],{"class":99},[48,153503,6139],{"class":62},[48,153505,28312],{"class":4445},[34,153507,103931],{"id":103930},[20,153509,153510,26040],{},[15,153511,149745],{},[209,153513,153514,153517],{},[212,153515,153516],{},"An integer",[212,153518,153519],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153521,153522],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153524,226],{},[39,153526,153528],{"className":41,"code":153527,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153529,153530,153570,153592],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153531,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153533,109030],{"class":54},[48,153535,59],{"class":58},[48,153537,330],{"class":62},[48,153539,67],{"class":66},[48,153541,37587],{"class":70},[48,153543,67],{"class":66},[48,153545,87],{"class":62},[48,153547,79],{"class":66},[48,153549,58676],{"class":70},[48,153551,67],{"class":66},[48,153553,87],{"class":62},[48,153555,79],{"class":66},[48,153557,58693],{"class":70},[48,153559,67],{"class":66},[48,153561,87],{"class":62},[48,153563,79],{"class":66},[48,153565,58676],{"class":70},[48,153567,67],{"class":66},[48,153569,162],{"class":62},[48,153571,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,153573,449],{"class":54},[48,153575,59],{"class":58},[48,153577,109073],{"class":54},[48,153579,134],{"class":62},[48,153581,36384],{"class":137},[48,153583,151],{"class":62},[48,153585,67],{"class":66},[48,153587,58676],{"class":70},[48,153589,67],{"class":66},[48,153591,162],{"class":62},[48,153593,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,153595,276],{"class":147},[48,153597,151],{"class":62},[48,153599,474],{"class":137},[48,153601,162],{"class":62},[20,153603,168],{},[39,153605,153606],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,153607,153608],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153609,153610],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153611,47462],{"class":99},[34,153613,153615],{"id":153614},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153617,189,153618,11355],{},[15,153619,149745],{},[209,153621,153622,153624,153627],{},[212,153623,66649],{},[212,153625,153626],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[212,153628,153629],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153631,153632,153633,153636,153637,134],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153634,153635],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[348,153638,150213],{"href":153639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[34,153641,66181],{"id":66180},[20,153643,153644,153645,134],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153646,41246],{},[20,153648,226],{},[39,153650,153652],{"className":41,"code":153651,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153653,153654,153686],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153655,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153657,1119],{"class":54},[48,153659,59],{"class":58},[48,153661,330],{"class":62},[48,153663,67],{"class":66},[48,153665,1137],{"class":70},[48,153667,67],{"class":66},[48,153669,87],{"class":62},[48,153671,79],{"class":66},[48,153673,13848],{"class":70},[48,153675,67],{"class":66},[48,153677,87],{"class":62},[48,153679,79],{"class":66},[48,153681,18179],{"class":70},[48,153683,67],{"class":66},[48,153685,162],{"class":62},[48,153687,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700,153702,153704,153706],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,153689,276],{"class":147},[48,153691,151],{"class":62},[48,153693,1196],{"class":137},[48,153695,134],{"class":62},[48,153697,36384],{"class":137},[48,153699,151],{"class":62},[48,153701,67],{"class":66},[48,153703,1155],{"class":70},[48,153705,67],{"class":66},[48,153707,670],{"class":62},[20,153709,40195,153710,153712],{},[15,153711,110355],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153714,66256],{},[39,153716,153718],{"className":41,"code":153717,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153719,153720,153752,153756,153772,153794,153800],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153721,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153723,1119],{"class":54},[48,153725,59],{"class":58},[48,153727,330],{"class":62},[48,153729,67],{"class":66},[48,153731,1137],{"class":70},[48,153733,67],{"class":66},[48,153735,87],{"class":62},[48,153737,79],{"class":66},[48,153739,13848],{"class":70},[48,153741,67],{"class":66},[48,153743,87],{"class":62},[48,153745,79],{"class":66},[48,153747,18179],{"class":70},[48,153749,67],{"class":66},[48,153751,162],{"class":62},[48,153753,153754],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,153755,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,153757,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,153759,7767],{"class":116},[48,153761,79],{"class":66},[48,153763,1155],{"class":70},[48,153765,67],{"class":66},[48,153767,21891],{"class":58},[48,153769,13862],{"class":54},[48,153771,1053],{"class":62},[48,153773,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,153775,148],{"class":147},[48,153777,151],{"class":62},[48,153779,1196],{"class":137},[48,153781,134],{"class":62},[48,153783,36384],{"class":137},[48,153785,151],{"class":62},[48,153787,67],{"class":66},[48,153789,1155],{"class":70},[48,153791,67],{"class":66},[48,153793,670],{"class":62},[48,153795,153796,153798],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,153797,27966],{"class":116},[48,153799,1053],{"class":62},[48,153801,153802,153804,153806,153808,153811,153813],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,153803,148],{"class":147},[48,153805,151],{"class":62},[48,153807,67],{"class":66},[48,153809,153810],{"class":70},"Value not found",[48,153812,67],{"class":66},[48,153814,162],{"class":62},[20,153816,168],{},[39,153818,153820],{"className":41,"code":153819,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Value not found\n",[15,153821,153822],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153823,153824,153827,153829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153825,153826],{"class":54},"Value ",[48,153828,5413],{"class":58},[48,153830,66380],{"class":54},[20,153832,153833,153834,134],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[348,153835,66390],{"href":66389},[34,153837,9185,153838,5174,153840],{"id":65957},[15,153839,36611],{},[15,153841,53208],{},[20,153843,22,153844,5174,153846,153848],{},[15,153845,36611],{},[15,153847,53208],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153850,153851],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153853,226],{},[39,153855,153857],{"className":41,"code":153856,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153858,153859,153887,153891,153912,153936],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153860,153861,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153862,4605],{"class":54},[48,153864,59],{"class":58},[48,153866,330],{"class":62},[48,153868,2921],{"class":99},[48,153870,87],{"class":62},[48,153872,2493],{"class":99},[48,153874,87],{"class":62},[48,153876,5387],{"class":99},[48,153878,87],{"class":62},[48,153880,2506],{"class":99},[48,153882,87],{"class":62},[48,153884,5387],{"class":99},[48,153886,162],{"class":62},[48,153888,153889],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,153890,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,153892,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,153894,276],{"class":147},[48,153896,151],{"class":62},[48,153898,1415],{"class":137},[48,153900,134],{"class":62},[48,153902,36384],{"class":137},[48,153904,151],{"class":62},[48,153906,2921],{"class":99},[48,153908,6139],{"class":62},[48,153910,153911],{"class":4445},"        # 0\n",[48,153913,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,153915,276],{"class":147},[48,153917,151],{"class":62},[48,153919,1415],{"class":137},[48,153921,134],{"class":62},[48,153923,36384],{"class":137},[48,153925,151],{"class":62},[48,153927,2921],{"class":99},[48,153929,87],{"class":62},[48,153931,618],{"class":99},[48,153933,6139],{"class":62},[48,153935,51499],{"class":4445},[48,153937,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,153939,276],{"class":147},[48,153941,151],{"class":62},[48,153943,1415],{"class":137},[48,153945,134],{"class":62},[48,153947,36384],{"class":137},[48,153949,151],{"class":62},[48,153951,2921],{"class":99},[48,153953,87],{"class":62},[48,153955,800],{"class":99},[48,153957,87],{"class":62},[48,153959,5387],{"class":99},[48,153961,6139],{"class":62},[48,153963,51482],{"class":4445},[1752,153965,153967],{"id":153966},"how-it-works","How it works",[209,153969,153970,153975,153980],{},[212,153971,153972,153974],{},[15,153973,36611],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[212,153976,153977,153979],{},[15,153978,53208],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[212,153981,22,153982,153984],{},[15,153983,53208],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153986,226],{},[39,153988,153990],{"className":41,"code":153989,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153991,153992,154020,154024],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153993,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153995,4605],{"class":54},[48,153997,59],{"class":58},[48,153999,330],{"class":62},[48,154001,2921],{"class":99},[48,154003,87],{"class":62},[48,154005,2493],{"class":99},[48,154007,87],{"class":62},[48,154009,5387],{"class":99},[48,154011,87],{"class":62},[48,154013,2506],{"class":99},[48,154015,87],{"class":62},[48,154017,5387],{"class":99},[48,154019,162],{"class":62},[48,154021,154022],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154023,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,154025,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154027,276],{"class":147},[48,154029,151],{"class":62},[48,154031,1415],{"class":137},[48,154033,134],{"class":62},[48,154035,36384],{"class":137},[48,154037,151],{"class":62},[48,154039,2921],{"class":99},[48,154041,87],{"class":62},[48,154043,618],{"class":99},[48,154045,87],{"class":62},[48,154047,3241],{"class":99},[48,154049,670],{"class":62},[20,154051,168],{},[39,154053,154054],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,154055,154056],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154057,154058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154059,17784],{"class":99},[20,154061,154062,154063,2973,154065,17798,154067,154069,154070,134],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,154064,3770],{},[15,154066,2842],{},[15,154068,2848],{},", but not ",[15,154071,3288],{},[34,154073,154075],{"id":154074},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,154077,154078,154079,76],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,154080,149745],{},[209,154082,154083,154091,154096,154103],{},[212,154084,154085,154086,154088,154089],{},"Do not confuse the ",[166,154087,933],{}," with the ",[166,154090,36384],{},[212,154092,154093,154094],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,154095,2904],{},[212,154097,189,154098,154102],{},[348,154099,149771,154100,2689],{"href":149823},[15,154101,57839],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[212,154104,154105,154106,154108],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,154107,153635],{}," when you already know the position",[20,154110,154111],{},"Example of value vs index:",[39,154113,154115],{"className":41,"code":154114,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,154116,154117,154149,154153,154177],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154118,154119,154121,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154120,36778],{"class":54},[48,154122,59],{"class":58},[48,154124,330],{"class":62},[48,154126,67],{"class":66},[48,154128,1128],{"class":70},[48,154130,67],{"class":66},[48,154132,87],{"class":62},[48,154134,79],{"class":66},[48,154136,1146],{"class":70},[48,154138,67],{"class":66},[48,154140,87],{"class":62},[48,154142,79],{"class":66},[48,154144,33756],{"class":70},[48,154146,67],{"class":66},[48,154148,162],{"class":62},[48,154150,154151],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154152,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,154154,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154156,276],{"class":147},[48,154158,151],{"class":62},[48,154160,36830],{"class":137},[48,154162,134],{"class":62},[48,154164,36384],{"class":137},[48,154166,151],{"class":62},[48,154168,67],{"class":66},[48,154170,1146],{"class":70},[48,154172,67],{"class":66},[48,154174,6139],{"class":62},[48,154176,28312],{"class":4445},[48,154178,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,154180,276],{"class":147},[48,154182,151],{"class":62},[48,154184,36830],{"class":137},[48,154186,682],{"class":62},[48,154188,3770],{"class":99},[48,154190,21164],{"class":62},[48,154192,154193],{"class":4445},"               # banana\n",[20,154195,2962],{},[209,154197,154198,154202],{},[212,154199,154200,15975],{},[15,154201,65825],{},[212,154203,154204,154206],{},[15,154205,3770],{}," is the index",[34,154208,1745],{"id":1744},[20,154210,106669,154211,76],{},[15,154212,149745],{},[209,154214,154215,154218,154223,154228,154235],{},[212,154216,154217],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[212,154219,2015,154220,154222],{},[15,154221,59517],{}," to return all matching positions",[212,154224,154225,154226],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,154227,2904],{},[212,154229,154230,154231,5174,154233],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,154232,36611],{},[15,154234,53208],{},[212,154236,37744,154237,154239],{},[15,154238,149745],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1752,154241,61260],{"id":61259},[20,154243,94931],{},[39,154245,154247],{"className":41,"code":154246,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,154248,154249,154259,154273,154288,154306],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154250,154251,154253,154255,154257],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154252,276],{"class":147},[48,154254,151],{"class":62},[48,154256,148558],{"class":137},[48,154258,162],{"class":62},[48,154260,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154262,276],{"class":147},[48,154264,151],{"class":62},[48,154266,11914],{"class":147},[48,154268,151],{"class":62},[48,154270,148558],{"class":137},[48,154272,670],{"class":62},[48,154274,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154286],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154276,276],{"class":147},[48,154278,151],{"class":62},[48,154280,3231],{"class":137},[48,154282,128],{"class":116},[48,154284,154285],{"class":137}," my_tuple",[48,154287,162],{"class":62},[48,154289,154290,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300,154302,154304],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,154291,276],{"class":147},[48,154293,151],{"class":62},[48,154295,148558],{"class":137},[48,154297,134],{"class":62},[48,154299,41802],{"class":137},[48,154301,151],{"class":62},[48,154303,933],{"class":137},[48,154305,670],{"class":62},[48,154307,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,154309,276],{"class":147},[48,154311,151],{"class":62},[48,154313,148558],{"class":137},[48,154315,134],{"class":62},[48,154317,36384],{"class":137},[48,154319,151],{"class":62},[48,154321,933],{"class":137},[48,154323,670],{"class":62},[20,154325,154326,154327,84948,154329,154331],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154328,41246],{},[15,154330,933],{}," is missing.",[20,154333,130175],{},[39,154335,154337],{"className":41,"code":154336,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154338,154339,154351,154369,154375],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154340,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154342,7767],{"class":116},[48,154344,125],{"class":54},[48,154346,128],{"class":58},[48,154348,154285],{"class":54},[48,154350,1053],{"class":62},[48,154352,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154354,148],{"class":147},[48,154356,151],{"class":62},[48,154358,148558],{"class":137},[48,154360,134],{"class":62},[48,154362,36384],{"class":137},[48,154364,151],{"class":62},[48,154366,933],{"class":137},[48,154368,670],{"class":62},[48,154370,154371,154373],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154372,27966],{"class":116},[48,154374,1053],{"class":62},[48,154376,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,154378,148],{"class":147},[48,154380,151],{"class":62},[48,154382,67],{"class":66},[48,154384,153810],{"class":70},[48,154386,67],{"class":66},[48,154388,162],{"class":62},[34,154390,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,154392,5920,154394,13459],{"id":154393},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154395,149745],{},[20,154397,154398],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1752,154400,154402],{"id":154401},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154404,154405,153272],{},[15,154406,149745],{},[1752,154408,149724],{"id":149723},[20,154410,77409,154411,134],{},[15,154412,41246],{},[1752,154414,154416],{"id":154415},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154418,154419,154420,5174,154422,154424],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154421,36611],{},[15,154423,53208],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1752,154426,15632,154428,57754,154430,2623],{"id":154427},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154429,149745],{},[15,154431,65416],{},[20,154433,154434],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[34,154436,2679],{"id":2678},[209,154438,154439,154445,154449,154454,154458],{},[212,154440,154441],{},[348,154442,149771,154443,2689],{"href":149823},[15,154444,57839],{},[212,154446,154447],{},[348,154448,150213],{"href":153639},[212,154450,154451],{},[348,154452,154453],{"href":151519},"Creating a tuple in Python",[212,154455,154456],{},[348,154457,66390],{"href":66389},[212,154459,154460],{},[348,154461,151467],{"href":153277},[2711,154463,154464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360,"children":154471},[154472],{"id":18118,"depth":113,"text":18119},{"id":103930,"depth":106,"text":103931},{"id":153614,"depth":106,"text":153615},{"id":66180,"depth":106,"text":66181},{"id":65957,"depth":106,"text":66740,"children":154477},[154478],{"id":153966,"depth":113,"text":153967},{"id":154074,"depth":106,"text":154075},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745,"children":154481},[154482],{"id":61259,"depth":113,"text":61260},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":154484},[154485,154487,154488,154489,154490],{"id":154393,"depth":113,"text":154486},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154401,"depth":113,"text":154402},{"id":149723,"depth":113,"text":149724},{"id":154415,"depth":113,"text":154416},{"id":154427,"depth":113,"text":154491},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":153079,"description":154493},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154500,"title":154501,"body":154502,"description":155897,"extension":2749,"meta":155898,"navigation":109,"path":153639,"seo":155899,"stem":155900,"__hash__":155901},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154503,"toc":155879},[154504,154507,154510,154513,154527,154529,154532,154626,154636,154642,154646,154649,154652,154654,154672,154674,154745,154747,154764,154768,154772,154775,154792,154795,154810,154812,154903,154906,154910,154913,154930,154932,155027,155030,155033,155037,155040,155134,155136,155155,155158,155162,155165,155167,155222,155224,155259,155262,155276,155284,155377,155386,155390,155393,155400,155403,155450,155452,155460,155463,155514,155516,155533,155538,155542,155545,155548,155550,155601,155604,155659,155662,155665,155667,155670,155690,155692,155765,155768,155781,155783,155787,155792,155796,155801,155818,155822,155825,155842,155846,155849,155851,155876],[10,154505,154501],{"id":154506},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154508,154509],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154511,154512],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[209,154514,154515,154518,154521,154524],{},[212,154516,154517],{},"positive indexes",[212,154519,154520],{},"negative indexes",[212,154522,154523],{},"common indexing mistakes",[212,154525,154526],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[34,154528,4390],{"id":4389},[20,154530,154531],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[39,154533,154535],{"className":41,"code":154534,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154536,154537,154569,154573,154590,154607],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154538,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154540,1119],{"class":54},[48,154542,59],{"class":58},[48,154544,330],{"class":62},[48,154546,67],{"class":66},[48,154548,1137],{"class":70},[48,154550,67],{"class":66},[48,154552,87],{"class":62},[48,154554,79],{"class":66},[48,154556,18179],{"class":70},[48,154558,67],{"class":66},[48,154560,87],{"class":62},[48,154562,79],{"class":66},[48,154564,13848],{"class":70},[48,154566,67],{"class":66},[48,154568,162],{"class":62},[48,154570,154571],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154572,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,154574,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154576,276],{"class":147},[48,154578,151],{"class":62},[48,154580,1196],{"class":137},[48,154582,682],{"class":62},[48,154584,2904],{"class":99},[48,154586,21164],{"class":62},[48,154588,154589],{"class":4445},"   # red\n",[48,154591,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,154593,276],{"class":147},[48,154595,151],{"class":62},[48,154597,1196],{"class":137},[48,154599,682],{"class":62},[48,154601,3770],{"class":99},[48,154603,21164],{"class":62},[48,154605,154606],{"class":4445},"   # green\n",[48,154608,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,154610,276],{"class":147},[48,154612,151],{"class":62},[48,154614,1196],{"class":137},[48,154616,682],{"class":62},[48,154618,2807],{"class":58},[48,154620,3770],{"class":99},[48,154622,21164],{"class":62},[48,154624,154625],{"class":4445},"  # blue\n",[209,154627,154628,154633],{},[212,154629,132964,154630,154632],{},[15,154631,2904],{}," is the first item.",[212,154634,154635],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154637,154638,154639,134],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[348,154640,154641],{"href":148543},"how to create a tuple in Python",[34,154643,154645],{"id":154644},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154647,154648],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154650,154651],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154653,207],{},[209,154655,154656,154659,154666,154669],{},[212,154657,154658],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[212,154660,154661,154662,19684,154664],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154663,2904],{},[15,154665,3770],{},[212,154667,154668],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[212,154670,154671],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154673,226],{},[39,154675,154677],{"className":41,"code":154676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154678,154679,154699,154703,154717,154731],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154680,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154682,2232],{"class":54},[48,154684,59],{"class":58},[48,154686,330],{"class":62},[48,154688,3114],{"class":99},[48,154690,87],{"class":62},[48,154692,2506],{"class":99},[48,154694,87],{"class":62},[48,154696,8564],{"class":99},[48,154698,162],{"class":62},[48,154700,154701],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154702,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,154704,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154706,276],{"class":147},[48,154708,151],{"class":62},[48,154710,2411],{"class":137},[48,154712,682],{"class":62},[48,154714,2904],{"class":99},[48,154716,4670],{"class":62},[48,154718,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727,154729],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,154720,276],{"class":147},[48,154722,151],{"class":62},[48,154724,2411],{"class":137},[48,154726,682],{"class":62},[48,154728,3770],{"class":99},[48,154730,4670],{"class":62},[48,154732,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,154734,276],{"class":147},[48,154736,151],{"class":62},[48,154738,2411],{"class":137},[48,154740,682],{"class":62},[48,154742,2842],{"class":99},[48,154744,4670],{"class":62},[20,154746,168],{},[39,154748,154750],{"className":41,"code":154749,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154751,154752,154756,154760],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154753,154754],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154755,3160],{"class":99},[48,154757,154758],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154759,71775],{"class":99},[48,154761,154762],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154763,70391],{"class":99},[20,154765,59942,154766,134],{},[348,154767,148540],{"href":148539},[34,154769,154771],{"id":154770},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154773,154774],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[209,154776,154777,154782,154787],{},[212,154778,154779,154781],{},[15,154780,2904],{}," = first item",[212,154783,154784,154786],{},[15,154785,3770],{}," = second item",[212,154788,154789,154791],{},[15,154790,2842],{}," = third item",[20,154793,154794],{},"Pattern:",[39,154796,154798],{"className":41,"code":154797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154799,154800],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154801,154802,154804,154806,154808],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154803,153295],{"class":54},[48,154805,682],{"class":62},[48,154807,36384],{"class":54},[48,154809,1465],{"class":62},[20,154811,226],{},[39,154813,154815],{"className":41,"code":154814,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154816,154817,154849,154853,154870,154886],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154818,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154820,36778],{"class":54},[48,154822,59],{"class":58},[48,154824,330],{"class":62},[48,154826,67],{"class":66},[48,154828,1128],{"class":70},[48,154830,67],{"class":66},[48,154832,87],{"class":62},[48,154834,79],{"class":66},[48,154836,1146],{"class":70},[48,154838,67],{"class":66},[48,154840,87],{"class":62},[48,154842,79],{"class":66},[48,154844,4877],{"class":70},[48,154846,67],{"class":66},[48,154848,162],{"class":62},[48,154850,154851],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154852,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,154854,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154856,276],{"class":147},[48,154858,151],{"class":62},[48,154860,36830],{"class":137},[48,154862,682],{"class":62},[48,154864,2904],{"class":99},[48,154866,21164],{"class":62},[48,154868,154869],{"class":4445},"  # apple\n",[48,154871,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,154873,276],{"class":147},[48,154875,151],{"class":62},[48,154877,36830],{"class":137},[48,154879,682],{"class":62},[48,154881,3770],{"class":99},[48,154883,21164],{"class":62},[48,154885,52033],{"class":4445},[48,154887,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,154889,276],{"class":147},[48,154891,151],{"class":62},[48,154893,36830],{"class":137},[48,154895,682],{"class":62},[48,154897,2842],{"class":99},[48,154899,21164],{"class":62},[48,154901,154902],{"class":4445},"  # cherry\n",[20,154904,154905],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[34,154907,154909],{"id":154908},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154911,154912],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[209,154914,154915,154920,154925],{},[212,154916,154917,154919],{},[15,154918,66405],{}," = last item",[212,154921,154922,154924],{},[15,154923,95961],{}," = second-to-last item",[212,154926,154927,154929],{},[15,154928,48216],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154931,226],{},[39,154933,154935],{"className":41,"code":154934,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154936,154937,154969,154973,154991,155009],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154938,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154940,36778],{"class":54},[48,154942,59],{"class":58},[48,154944,330],{"class":62},[48,154946,67],{"class":66},[48,154948,1128],{"class":70},[48,154950,67],{"class":66},[48,154952,87],{"class":62},[48,154954,79],{"class":66},[48,154956,1146],{"class":70},[48,154958,67],{"class":66},[48,154960,87],{"class":62},[48,154962,79],{"class":66},[48,154964,4877],{"class":70},[48,154966,67],{"class":66},[48,154968,162],{"class":62},[48,154970,154971],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,154972,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,154974,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987,154989],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,154976,276],{"class":147},[48,154978,151],{"class":62},[48,154980,36830],{"class":137},[48,154982,682],{"class":62},[48,154984,2807],{"class":58},[48,154986,3770],{"class":99},[48,154988,21164],{"class":62},[48,154990,154902],{"class":4445},[48,154992,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,154994,276],{"class":147},[48,154996,151],{"class":62},[48,154998,36830],{"class":137},[48,155000,682],{"class":62},[48,155002,2807],{"class":58},[48,155004,2842],{"class":99},[48,155006,21164],{"class":62},[48,155008,52033],{"class":4445},[48,155010,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,155012,276],{"class":147},[48,155014,151],{"class":62},[48,155016,36830],{"class":137},[48,155018,682],{"class":62},[48,155020,2807],{"class":58},[48,155022,2848],{"class":99},[48,155024,21164],{"class":62},[48,155026,154869],{"class":4445},[20,155028,155029],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,155031,155032],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[34,155034,155036],{"id":155035},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,155038,155039],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[39,155041,155043],{"className":41,"code":155042,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,155044,155045,155077,155081,155098,155115],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155046,155047,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155048,5776],{"class":54},[48,155050,59],{"class":58},[48,155052,330],{"class":62},[48,155054,67],{"class":66},[48,155056,82],{"class":70},[48,155058,67],{"class":66},[48,155060,87],{"class":62},[48,155062,79],{"class":66},[48,155064,36479],{"class":70},[48,155066,67],{"class":66},[48,155068,87],{"class":62},[48,155070,79],{"class":66},[48,155072,36488],{"class":70},[48,155074,67],{"class":66},[48,155076,162],{"class":62},[48,155078,155079],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155080,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,155082,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,155084,276],{"class":147},[48,155086,151],{"class":62},[48,155088,5818],{"class":137},[48,155090,682],{"class":62},[48,155092,2904],{"class":99},[48,155094,21164],{"class":62},[48,155096,155097],{"class":4445},"   # first item\n",[48,155099,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,155101,276],{"class":147},[48,155103,151],{"class":62},[48,155105,5818],{"class":137},[48,155107,682],{"class":62},[48,155109,3770],{"class":99},[48,155111,21164],{"class":62},[48,155113,155114],{"class":4445},"   # middle item\n",[48,155116,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,155118,276],{"class":147},[48,155120,151],{"class":62},[48,155122,5818],{"class":137},[48,155124,682],{"class":62},[48,155126,2807],{"class":58},[48,155128,3770],{"class":99},[48,155130,21164],{"class":62},[48,155132,155133],{"class":4445},"  # last item\n",[20,155135,168],{},[39,155137,155139],{"className":41,"code":155138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,155140,155141,155145,155150],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155142,155143],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155144,50586],{"class":54},[48,155146,155147],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155148,155149],{"class":54},"Ben\n",[48,155151,155152],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,155153,155154],{"class":54},"Cara\n",[20,155156,155157],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[34,155159,155161],{"id":155160},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,155163,155164],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,155166,226],{},[39,155168,155170],{"className":41,"code":155169,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,155171,155172,155204,155208],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155173,155174,155176,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188,155190,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200,155202],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155175,36629],{"class":54},[48,155177,59],{"class":58},[48,155179,330],{"class":62},[48,155181,67],{"class":66},[48,155183,348],{"class":70},[48,155185,67],{"class":66},[48,155187,87],{"class":62},[48,155189,79],{"class":66},[48,155191,2059],{"class":70},[48,155193,67],{"class":66},[48,155195,87],{"class":62},[48,155197,79],{"class":66},[48,155199,2265],{"class":70},[48,155201,67],{"class":66},[48,155203,162],{"class":62},[48,155205,155206],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155207,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,155209,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,155211,276],{"class":147},[48,155213,151],{"class":62},[48,155215,36682],{"class":137},[48,155217,682],{"class":62},[48,155219,2921],{"class":99},[48,155221,4670],{"class":62},[20,155223,168],{},[39,155225,155227],{"className":41,"code":155226,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155228,155229,155241,155246],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155230,155231,155234,155236,155239],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155232,155233],{"class":137},"Traceback ",[48,155235,151],{"class":62},[48,155237,155238],{"class":137},"most recent call last",[48,155240,9109],{"class":62},[48,155242,155243],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155244,155245],{"class":34989},"  ...\n",[48,155247,155248,155250,155252,155254,155257],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,155249,71282],{"class":281},[48,155251,76],{"class":62},[48,155253,149906],{"class":281},[48,155255,155256],{"class":54}," index out of ",[48,155258,71474],{"class":147},[20,155260,155261],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[209,155263,155264,155268,155272],{},[212,155265,155266],{},[15,155267,2904],{},[212,155269,155270],{},[15,155271,3770],{},[212,155273,155274],{},[15,155275,2842],{},[20,155277,155278,155279,134],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[348,155280,155281,155283],{"href":149778},[15,155282,42904],{}," on a tuple",[39,155285,155287],{"className":41,"code":155286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,155288,155289,155321,155325,155341,155345,155363],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155290,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155292,36629],{"class":54},[48,155294,59],{"class":58},[48,155296,330],{"class":62},[48,155298,67],{"class":66},[48,155300,348],{"class":70},[48,155302,67],{"class":66},[48,155304,87],{"class":62},[48,155306,79],{"class":66},[48,155308,2059],{"class":70},[48,155310,67],{"class":66},[48,155312,87],{"class":62},[48,155314,79],{"class":66},[48,155316,2265],{"class":70},[48,155318,67],{"class":66},[48,155320,162],{"class":62},[48,155322,155323],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155324,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,155326,155327,155329,155331,155333,155335,155337,155339],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,155328,276],{"class":147},[48,155330,151],{"class":62},[48,155332,11914],{"class":147},[48,155334,151],{"class":62},[48,155336,36682],{"class":137},[48,155338,6139],{"class":62},[48,155340,51317],{"class":4445},[48,155342,155343],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,155344,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,155346,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,155348,7767],{"class":116},[48,155350,38927],{"class":147},[48,155352,151],{"class":62},[48,155354,36682],{"class":137},[48,155356,4442],{"class":62},[48,155358,38937],{"class":58},[48,155360,632],{"class":99},[48,155362,1053],{"class":62},[48,155364,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,155366,148],{"class":147},[48,155368,151],{"class":62},[48,155370,36682],{"class":137},[48,155372,682],{"class":62},[48,155374,2842],{"class":99},[48,155376,4670],{"class":62},[20,155378,155379,155380,134],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[348,155381,26211,155383],{"href":155382},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155384,155385],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[34,155387,155389],{"id":155388},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155391,155392],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[209,155394,155395,155397],{},[212,155396,77426],{},[212,155398,155399],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155401,155402],{},"Indexing example:",[39,155404,155406],{"className":41,"code":155405,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155407,155408,155432,155436],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155409,155410,155412,155414,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424,155426,155428,155430],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155411,2232],{"class":54},[48,155413,59],{"class":58},[48,155415,330],{"class":62},[48,155417,3114],{"class":99},[48,155419,87],{"class":62},[48,155421,2506],{"class":99},[48,155423,87],{"class":62},[48,155425,8564],{"class":99},[48,155427,87],{"class":62},[48,155429,51390],{"class":99},[48,155431,162],{"class":62},[48,155433,155434],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155435,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,155437,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,155439,276],{"class":147},[48,155441,151],{"class":62},[48,155443,2411],{"class":137},[48,155445,682],{"class":62},[48,155447,3770],{"class":99},[48,155449,4670],{"class":62},[20,155451,168],{},[39,155453,155454],{"className":41,"code":71775,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155455,155456],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155457,155458],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155459,71775],{"class":99},[20,155461,155462],{},"Slicing example:",[39,155464,155466],{"className":41,"code":155465,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155467,155468,155492,155496],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155469,155470,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155471,2232],{"class":54},[48,155473,59],{"class":58},[48,155475,330],{"class":62},[48,155477,3114],{"class":99},[48,155479,87],{"class":62},[48,155481,2506],{"class":99},[48,155483,87],{"class":62},[48,155485,8564],{"class":99},[48,155487,87],{"class":62},[48,155489,51390],{"class":99},[48,155491,162],{"class":62},[48,155493,155494],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155495,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,155497,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,155499,276],{"class":147},[48,155501,151],{"class":62},[48,155503,2411],{"class":137},[48,155505,682],{"class":62},[48,155507,3770],{"class":99},[48,155509,76],{"class":62},[48,155511,2848],{"class":99},[48,155513,4670],{"class":62},[20,155515,168],{},[39,155517,155519],{"className":41,"code":155518,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155520,155521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155522,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155524,151],{"class":62},[48,155526,16483],{"class":99},[48,155528,87],{"class":62},[48,155530,8564],{"class":99},[48,155532,162],{"class":62},[20,155534,155535,155536,134],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[348,155537,151457],{"href":151456},[34,155539,155541],{"id":155540},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155543,155544],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155546,155547],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155549,1771],{},[39,155551,155553],{"className":41,"code":155552,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155554,155555,155587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155556,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155558,1119],{"class":54},[48,155560,59],{"class":58},[48,155562,330],{"class":62},[48,155564,67],{"class":66},[48,155566,1137],{"class":70},[48,155568,67],{"class":66},[48,155570,87],{"class":62},[48,155572,79],{"class":66},[48,155574,18179],{"class":70},[48,155576,67],{"class":66},[48,155578,87],{"class":62},[48,155580,79],{"class":66},[48,155582,13848],{"class":70},[48,155584,67],{"class":66},[48,155586,162],{"class":62},[48,155588,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155590,276],{"class":147},[48,155592,151],{"class":62},[48,155594,1196],{"class":137},[48,155596,682],{"class":62},[48,155598,3770],{"class":99},[48,155600,4670],{"class":62},[20,155602,155603],{},"But this does not work:",[39,155605,155607],{"className":41,"code":155606,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155608,155609,155641],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155610,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155612,1119],{"class":54},[48,155614,59],{"class":58},[48,155616,330],{"class":62},[48,155618,67],{"class":66},[48,155620,1137],{"class":70},[48,155622,67],{"class":66},[48,155624,87],{"class":62},[48,155626,79],{"class":66},[48,155628,18179],{"class":70},[48,155630,67],{"class":66},[48,155632,87],{"class":62},[48,155634,79],{"class":66},[48,155636,13848],{"class":70},[48,155638,67],{"class":66},[48,155640,162],{"class":62},[48,155642,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155644,1196],{"class":54},[48,155646,682],{"class":62},[48,155648,3770],{"class":99},[48,155650,692],{"class":62},[48,155652,695],{"class":58},[48,155654,79],{"class":66},[48,155656,1155],{"class":70},[48,155658,4138],{"class":66},[20,155660,155661],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155663,155664],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[34,155666,1745],{"id":1744},[20,155668,155669],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[209,155671,155672,155678,155681,155684],{},[212,155673,133268,155674,11844,155676],{},[15,155675,3770],{},[15,155677,2904],{},[212,155679,155680],{},"Using an index that is too large",[212,155682,155683],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[212,155685,155686,155687],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155688,155689],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155691,62845],{},[39,155693,155695],{"className":41,"code":155694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155696,155697,155707,155721,155735,155751],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155698,155699,155701,155703,155705],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155700,276],{"class":147},[48,155702,151],{"class":62},[48,155704,148558],{"class":137},[48,155706,162],{"class":62},[48,155708,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155710,276],{"class":147},[48,155712,151],{"class":62},[48,155714,11914],{"class":147},[48,155716,151],{"class":62},[48,155718,148558],{"class":137},[48,155720,670],{"class":62},[48,155722,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,155724,276],{"class":147},[48,155726,151],{"class":62},[48,155728,148558],{"class":137},[48,155730,682],{"class":62},[48,155732,2904],{"class":99},[48,155734,4670],{"class":62},[48,155736,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,155738,276],{"class":147},[48,155740,151],{"class":62},[48,155742,148558],{"class":137},[48,155744,682],{"class":62},[48,155746,2807],{"class":58},[48,155748,3770],{"class":99},[48,155750,4670],{"class":62},[48,155752,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,155754,276],{"class":147},[48,155756,151],{"class":62},[48,155758,2094],{"class":281},[48,155760,151],{"class":62},[48,155762,148558],{"class":137},[48,155764,670],{"class":62},[20,155766,155767],{},"These can help you confirm:",[209,155769,155770,155773,155775,155778],{},[212,155771,155772],{},"what the tuple contains",[212,155774,61334],{},[212,155776,155777],{},"what the first and last items are",[212,155779,155780],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[34,155782,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,155784,155786],{"id":155785},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155788,155789,155790,134],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155791,2904],{},[1752,155793,155795],{"id":155794},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155797,189,155798,155800],{},[15,155799,66405],{}," as the index:",[39,155802,155804],{"className":41,"code":155803,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155805,155806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155807,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155809,148558],{"class":54},[48,155811,682],{"class":62},[48,155813,2807],{"class":58},[48,155815,3770],{"class":99},[48,155817,1465],{"class":62},[1752,155819,155821],{"id":155820},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155823,155824],{},"Python raises:",[39,155826,155828],{"className":41,"code":155827,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155829,155830],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155831,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155833,71282],{"class":281},[48,155835,76],{"class":62},[48,155837,149906],{"class":281},[48,155839,155256],{"class":54},[48,155841,71474],{"class":147},[1752,155843,155845],{"id":155844},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155847,155848],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[34,155850,2679],{"id":2678},[209,155852,155853,155858,155862,155866,155872],{},[212,155854,155855],{},[348,155856,155857],{"href":148543},"How to create a tuple in Python",[212,155859,155860],{},[348,155861,151457],{"href":151456},[212,155863,155864],{},[348,155865,151462],{"href":149778},[212,155867,155868],{},[348,155869,26654,155870],{"href":155382},[15,155871,155385],{},[212,155873,155874],{},[348,155875,148540],{"href":148539},[2711,155877,155878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":155880},[155881,155882,155883,155884,155885,155886,155887,155888,155889,155890,155896],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":154644,"depth":106,"text":154645},{"id":154770,"depth":106,"text":154771},{"id":154908,"depth":106,"text":154909},{"id":155035,"depth":106,"text":155036},{"id":155160,"depth":106,"text":155161},{"id":155388,"depth":106,"text":155389},{"id":155540,"depth":106,"text":155541},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":155891},[155892,155893,155894,155895],{"id":155785,"depth":113,"text":155786},{"id":155794,"depth":113,"text":155795},{"id":155820,"depth":113,"text":155821},{"id":155844,"depth":113,"text":155845},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154501,"description":155897},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155903,"title":155904,"body":155905,"description":157794,"extension":2749,"meta":157795,"navigation":109,"path":157796,"seo":157797,"stem":157798,"__hash__":157799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155906,"toc":157751},[155907,155913,155918,155969,155973,155981,155987,155989,156005,156007,156010,156025,156027,156040,156042,156099,156103,156111,156118,156124,156130,156134,156185,156189,156197,156201,156230,156234,156242,156246,156279,156283,156291,156295,156298,156349,156353,156361,156363,156380,156384,156388,156447,156451,156459,156462,156489,156493,156501,156505,156511,156586,156590,156627,156635,156639,156702,156706,156714,156719,156723,156729,156772,156776,156784,156790,156793,156840,156844,156852,156861,156867,156922,156926,156934,156937,156941,156943,156974,156978,156997,157000,157045,157049,157072,157078,157083,157085,157132,157137,157140,157188,157192,157200,157204,157209,157213,157263,157267,157282,157286,157344,157348,157363,157367,157438,157442,157451,157455,157534,157538,157560,157568,157570,157573,157598,157600,157653,157655,157672,157674,157678,157684,157689,157694,157698,157703,157707,157712,157718,157721,157723,157748],[10,155908,155910,155911,4442],{"id":155909},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155912,11914],{},[20,155914,189,155915,155917],{},[15,155916,42904],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[39,155919,155921],{"className":41,"code":155920,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155922,155923,155955],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155924,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155926,1119],{"class":54},[48,155928,59],{"class":58},[48,155930,330],{"class":62},[48,155932,67],{"class":66},[48,155934,1137],{"class":70},[48,155936,67],{"class":66},[48,155938,87],{"class":62},[48,155940,79],{"class":66},[48,155942,18179],{"class":70},[48,155944,67],{"class":66},[48,155946,87],{"class":62},[48,155948,79],{"class":66},[48,155950,13848],{"class":70},[48,155952,67],{"class":66},[48,155954,162],{"class":62},[48,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,155958,276],{"class":147},[48,155960,151],{"class":62},[48,155962,11914],{"class":147},[48,155964,151],{"class":62},[48,155966,1196],{"class":137},[48,155968,670],{"class":62},[20,155970,155971],{},[166,155972,168],{},[39,155974,155975],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155976,155977],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155978,155979],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155980,47162],{"class":99},[20,155982,189,155983,155986],{},[15,155984,155985],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[34,155988,15891],{"id":15890},[209,155990,155991,155996,156000,156003],{},[212,155992,4979,155993,155995],{},[15,155994,42904],{}," works with tuples",[212,155997,68809,155998,12453],{},[15,155999,42904],{},[212,156001,156002],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[212,156004,5300],{},[34,156006,360],{"id":359},[20,156008,156009],{},"Use this pattern:",[39,156011,156013],{"className":41,"code":156012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,156014,156015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156016,156017,156019,156021,156023],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156018,11914],{"class":147},[48,156020,151],{"class":62},[48,156022,148558],{"class":137},[48,156024,162],{"class":62},[20,156026,207],{},[209,156028,156029,156032,156035],{},[212,156030,156031],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[212,156033,156034],{},"The result is an integer",[212,156036,156037,156039],{},[15,156038,42904],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,156041,226],{},[39,156043,156045],{"className":41,"code":156044,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,156046,156047,156071,156085,156089],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156048,156049,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156050,2232],{"class":54},[48,156052,59],{"class":58},[48,156054,330],{"class":62},[48,156056,3114],{"class":99},[48,156058,87],{"class":62},[48,156060,2506],{"class":99},[48,156062,87],{"class":62},[48,156064,8564],{"class":99},[48,156066,87],{"class":62},[48,156068,51390],{"class":99},[48,156070,162],{"class":62},[48,156072,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156074,41784],{"class":54},[48,156076,59],{"class":58},[48,156078,38927],{"class":147},[48,156080,151],{"class":62},[48,156082,2411],{"class":137},[48,156084,162],{"class":62},[48,156086,156087],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,156088,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,156090,156091,156093,156095,156097],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,156092,276],{"class":147},[48,156094,151],{"class":62},[48,156096,41802],{"class":137},[48,156098,162],{"class":62},[20,156100,156101],{},[166,156102,168],{},[39,156104,156105],{"className":41,"code":49196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156106,156107],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156108,156109],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156110,49196],{"class":99},[20,156112,156113,156114,134],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[348,156115,4356,156116,4289],{"href":42901},[15,156117,42904],{},[34,156119,196,156121,156123],{"id":156120},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,156122,42904],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,156125,156126,156127,156129],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,156128,42904],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1752,156131,156133],{"id":156132},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[39,156135,156137],{"className":41,"code":156136,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,156138,156139,156171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156140,156141,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156142,36778],{"class":54},[48,156144,59],{"class":58},[48,156146,330],{"class":62},[48,156148,67],{"class":66},[48,156150,1128],{"class":70},[48,156152,67],{"class":66},[48,156154,87],{"class":62},[48,156156,79],{"class":66},[48,156158,1146],{"class":70},[48,156160,67],{"class":66},[48,156162,87],{"class":62},[48,156164,79],{"class":66},[48,156166,33756],{"class":70},[48,156168,67],{"class":66},[48,156170,162],{"class":62},[48,156172,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156174,276],{"class":147},[48,156176,151],{"class":62},[48,156178,11914],{"class":147},[48,156180,151],{"class":62},[48,156182,36830],{"class":137},[48,156184,670],{"class":62},[20,156186,156187],{},[166,156188,168],{},[39,156190,156191],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156192,156193],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156194,156195],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156196,47162],{"class":99},[1752,156198,156200],{"id":156199},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[39,156202,156204],{"className":41,"code":156203,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,156205,156206,156215],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156207,156208,156211,156213],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156209,156210],{"class":54},"empty_tuple ",[48,156212,59],{"class":58},[48,156214,149882],{"class":62},[48,156216,156217,156219,156221,156223,156225,156228],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156218,276],{"class":147},[48,156220,151],{"class":62},[48,156222,11914],{"class":147},[48,156224,151],{"class":62},[48,156226,156227],{"class":137},"empty_tuple",[48,156229,670],{"class":62},[20,156231,156232],{},[166,156233,168],{},[39,156235,156236],{"className":41,"code":47797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156237,156238],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156239,156240],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156241,47797],{"class":99},[1752,156243,156245],{"id":156244},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[39,156247,156249],{"className":41,"code":156248,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,156250,156251,156264],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156252,156253,156256,156258,156260,156262],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156254,156255],{"class":54},"single_value ",[48,156257,59],{"class":58},[48,156259,330],{"class":62},[48,156261,2921],{"class":99},[48,156263,149896],{"class":62},[48,156265,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156277],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156267,276],{"class":147},[48,156269,151],{"class":62},[48,156271,11914],{"class":147},[48,156273,151],{"class":62},[48,156275,156276],{"class":137},"single_value",[48,156278,670],{"class":62},[20,156280,156281],{},[166,156282,168],{},[39,156284,156285],{"className":41,"code":47462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156286,156287],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156288,156289],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156290,47462],{"class":99},[1752,156292,156294],{"id":156293},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,156296,156297],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[39,156299,156301],{"className":41,"code":156300,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,156302,156303,156335],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156304,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331,156333],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156306,602],{"class":54},[48,156308,59],{"class":58},[48,156310,330],{"class":62},[48,156312,3770],{"class":99},[48,156314,87],{"class":62},[48,156316,330],{"class":62},[48,156318,2842],{"class":99},[48,156320,87],{"class":62},[48,156322,800],{"class":99},[48,156324,327],{"class":62},[48,156326,4404],{"class":62},[48,156328,3288],{"class":99},[48,156330,87],{"class":62},[48,156332,5387],{"class":99},[48,156334,4670],{"class":62},[48,156336,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345,156347],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156338,276],{"class":147},[48,156340,151],{"class":62},[48,156342,11914],{"class":147},[48,156344,151],{"class":62},[48,156346,679],{"class":137},[48,156348,670],{"class":62},[20,156350,156351],{},[166,156352,168],{},[39,156354,156355],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156356,156357],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156358,156359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156360,47162],{"class":99},[20,156362,20676],{},[209,156364,156365,156370,156375],{},[212,156366,156367,156369],{},[15,156368,3770],{}," is one item",[212,156371,156372,156369],{},[15,156373,156374],{},"(2, 3)",[212,156376,156377,156369],{},[15,156378,156379],{},"[4, 5]",[34,156381,156383],{"id":156382},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1752,156385,156387],{"id":156386},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[39,156389,156391],{"className":41,"code":156390,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156392,156393,156433],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156394,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429,156431],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156396,1119],{"class":54},[48,156398,59],{"class":58},[48,156400,330],{"class":62},[48,156402,67],{"class":66},[48,156404,1137],{"class":70},[48,156406,67],{"class":66},[48,156408,87],{"class":62},[48,156410,79],{"class":66},[48,156412,18179],{"class":70},[48,156414,67],{"class":66},[48,156416,87],{"class":62},[48,156418,79],{"class":66},[48,156420,13848],{"class":70},[48,156422,67],{"class":66},[48,156424,87],{"class":62},[48,156426,79],{"class":66},[48,156428,1155],{"class":70},[48,156430,67],{"class":66},[48,156432,162],{"class":62},[48,156434,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156436,276],{"class":147},[48,156438,151],{"class":62},[48,156440,11914],{"class":147},[48,156442,151],{"class":62},[48,156444,1196],{"class":137},[48,156446,670],{"class":62},[20,156448,156449],{},[166,156450,168],{},[39,156452,156453],{"className":41,"code":49196,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156454,156455],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156456,156457],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156458,49196],{"class":99},[1752,156460,156200],{"id":156461},"empty-tuple-1",[39,156463,156465],{"className":41,"code":156464,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156466,156467,156475],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156468,156469,156471,156473],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156470,8549],{"class":54},[48,156472,59],{"class":58},[48,156474,149882],{"class":62},[48,156476,156477,156479,156481,156483,156485,156487],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156478,276],{"class":147},[48,156480,151],{"class":62},[48,156482,11914],{"class":147},[48,156484,151],{"class":62},[48,156486,138],{"class":137},[48,156488,670],{"class":62},[20,156490,156491],{},[166,156492,168],{},[39,156494,156495],{"className":41,"code":47797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156496,156497],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156498,156499],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156500,47797],{"class":99},[1752,156502,156504],{"id":156503},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156506,156507,156508,156510],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[166,156509,5413],{}," always a tuple.",[39,156512,156514],{"className":41,"code":156513,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156515,156516,156528,156540,156544,156558,156572],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156517,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156519,3338],{"class":54},[48,156521,59],{"class":58},[48,156523,330],{"class":62},[48,156525,2921],{"class":99},[48,156527,162],{"class":62},[48,156529,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156531,3365],{"class":54},[48,156533,59],{"class":58},[48,156535,330],{"class":62},[48,156537,2921],{"class":99},[48,156539,149896],{"class":62},[48,156541,156542],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,156543,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,156545,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,156547,276],{"class":147},[48,156549,151],{"class":62},[48,156551,2094],{"class":281},[48,156553,151],{"class":62},[48,156555,348],{"class":137},[48,156557,670],{"class":62},[48,156559,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,156561,276],{"class":147},[48,156563,151],{"class":62},[48,156565,2094],{"class":281},[48,156567,151],{"class":62},[48,156569,2059],{"class":137},[48,156571,670],{"class":62},[48,156573,156574,156576,156578,156580,156582,156584],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,156575,276],{"class":147},[48,156577,151],{"class":62},[48,156579,11914],{"class":147},[48,156581,151],{"class":62},[48,156583,2059],{"class":137},[48,156585,670],{"class":62},[20,156587,156588],{},[166,156589,168],{},[39,156591,156593],{"className":41,"code":156592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156594,156595,156609,156623],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156596,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156598,2168],{"class":58},[48,156600,2171],{"class":915},[48,156602,320],{"class":66},[48,156604,2972],{"class":70},[48,156606,311],{"class":66},[48,156608,2180],{"class":58},[48,156610,156611,156613,156615,156617,156619,156621],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156612,2168],{"class":58},[48,156614,2171],{"class":915},[48,156616,320],{"class":66},[48,156618,49499],{"class":70},[48,156620,311],{"class":66},[48,156622,2180],{"class":58},[48,156624,156625],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,156626,47462],{"class":99},[20,156628,156629,156630,5174,156633,134],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[348,156631,156632],{"href":148543},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[348,156634,149844],{"href":149843},[1752,156636,156638],{"id":156637},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[39,156640,156642],{"className":41,"code":156641,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156643,156644,156688],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156645,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156647,60022],{"class":54},[48,156649,59],{"class":58},[48,156651,330],{"class":62},[48,156653,67],{"class":66},[48,156655,1128],{"class":70},[48,156657,67],{"class":66},[48,156659,87],{"class":62},[48,156661,4404],{"class":62},[48,156663,3770],{"class":99},[48,156665,87],{"class":62},[48,156667,632],{"class":99},[48,156669,18785],{"class":62},[48,156671,330],{"class":62},[48,156673,67],{"class":66},[48,156675,611],{"class":70},[48,156677,67],{"class":66},[48,156679,87],{"class":62},[48,156681,79],{"class":66},[48,156683,625],{"class":70},[48,156685,67],{"class":66},[48,156687,670],{"class":62},[48,156689,156690,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156691,276],{"class":147},[48,156693,151],{"class":62},[48,156695,11914],{"class":147},[48,156697,151],{"class":62},[48,156699,60075],{"class":137},[48,156701,670],{"class":62},[20,156703,156704],{},[166,156705,168],{},[39,156707,156708],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156709,156710],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156711,156712],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156713,47162],{"class":99},[20,156715,156716,156718],{},[15,156717,42904],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[34,156720,156722],{"id":156721},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1752,156724,156726,156728],{"id":156725},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156727,42904],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[39,156730,156732],{"className":41,"code":156731,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156733,156734,156758],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156735,156736,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156737,4852],{"class":54},[48,156739,59],{"class":58},[48,156741,330],{"class":62},[48,156743,67],{"class":66},[48,156745,64146],{"class":70},[48,156747,67],{"class":66},[48,156749,87],{"class":62},[48,156751,79],{"class":66},[48,156753,43],{"class":70},[48,156755,67],{"class":66},[48,156757,162],{"class":62},[48,156759,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768,156770],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156761,276],{"class":147},[48,156763,151],{"class":62},[48,156765,11914],{"class":147},[48,156767,151],{"class":62},[48,156769,4894],{"class":137},[48,156771,670],{"class":62},[20,156773,156774],{},[166,156775,168],{},[39,156777,156778],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156779,156780],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156781,156782],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156783,17784],{"class":99},[20,156785,156786,156787,156789],{},"This result is ",[15,156788,2842],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156791,156792],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[39,156794,156796],{"className":41,"code":156795,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156797,156798,156822],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156799,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156801,4852],{"class":54},[48,156803,59],{"class":58},[48,156805,330],{"class":62},[48,156807,67],{"class":66},[48,156809,64146],{"class":70},[48,156811,67],{"class":66},[48,156813,87],{"class":62},[48,156815,79],{"class":66},[48,156817,43],{"class":70},[48,156819,67],{"class":66},[48,156821,162],{"class":62},[48,156823,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156825,276],{"class":147},[48,156827,151],{"class":62},[48,156829,11914],{"class":147},[48,156831,151],{"class":62},[48,156833,4894],{"class":137},[48,156835,682],{"class":62},[48,156837,2904],{"class":99},[48,156839,3781],{"class":62},[20,156841,156842],{},[166,156843,168],{},[39,156845,156846],{"className":41,"code":17784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156847,156848],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156849,156850],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156851,17784],{"class":99},[20,156853,21489,156854,156857,156858,134],{},[15,156855,156856],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156859,156860],{},"\"hi\"",[1752,156862,156864,156866],{"id":156863},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156865,42904],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[39,156868,156870],{"className":41,"code":156869,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156871,156872,156908],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156873,156874,156876,156878,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904,156906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156875,4605],{"class":54},[48,156877,59],{"class":58},[48,156879,10750],{"class":62},[48,156881,3770],{"class":99},[48,156883,87],{"class":62},[48,156885,632],{"class":99},[48,156887,327],{"class":62},[48,156889,330],{"class":62},[48,156891,2848],{"class":99},[48,156893,87],{"class":62},[48,156895,3241],{"class":99},[48,156897,327],{"class":62},[48,156899,330],{"class":62},[48,156901,2921],{"class":99},[48,156903,87],{"class":62},[48,156905,38184],{"class":99},[48,156907,670],{"class":62},[48,156909,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156911,276],{"class":147},[48,156913,151],{"class":62},[48,156915,11914],{"class":147},[48,156917,151],{"class":62},[48,156919,1415],{"class":137},[48,156921,670],{"class":62},[20,156923,156924],{},[166,156925,168],{},[39,156927,156928],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156929,156930],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156931,156932],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156933,47162],{"class":99},[20,156935,156936],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1752,156938,156940],{"id":156939},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156942,26222],{},[39,156944,156946],{"className":41,"code":156945,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156947,156948,156960],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156949,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156951,3231],{"class":54},[48,156953,59],{"class":58},[48,156955,330],{"class":62},[48,156957,3114],{"class":99},[48,156959,162],{"class":62},[48,156961,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,156963,276],{"class":147},[48,156965,151],{"class":62},[48,156967,2094],{"class":281},[48,156969,151],{"class":62},[48,156971,933],{"class":137},[48,156973,670],{"class":62},[20,156975,156976],{},[166,156977,168],{},[39,156979,156981],{"className":41,"code":156980,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156982,156983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156984,156985,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156986,2168],{"class":58},[48,156988,2171],{"class":915},[48,156990,320],{"class":66},[48,156992,2972],{"class":70},[48,156994,311],{"class":66},[48,156996,2180],{"class":58},[20,156998,156999],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[39,157001,157003],{"className":41,"code":157002,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,157004,157005,157017,157031],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157006,157007,157009,157011,157013,157015],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157008,3231],{"class":54},[48,157010,59],{"class":58},[48,157012,330],{"class":62},[48,157014,3114],{"class":99},[48,157016,149896],{"class":62},[48,157018,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157020,276],{"class":147},[48,157022,151],{"class":62},[48,157024,2094],{"class":281},[48,157026,151],{"class":62},[48,157028,933],{"class":137},[48,157030,670],{"class":62},[48,157032,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157034,276],{"class":147},[48,157036,151],{"class":62},[48,157038,11914],{"class":147},[48,157040,151],{"class":62},[48,157042,933],{"class":137},[48,157044,670],{"class":62},[20,157046,157047],{},[166,157048,168],{},[39,157050,157052],{"className":41,"code":157051,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,157053,157054,157068],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157055,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157057,2168],{"class":58},[48,157059,2171],{"class":915},[48,157061,320],{"class":66},[48,157063,49499],{"class":70},[48,157065,311],{"class":66},[48,157067,2180],{"class":58},[48,157069,157070],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157071,47462],{"class":99},[1752,157073,157075,157077],{"id":157074},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,157076,11914],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,157079,44973,157080,157082],{},[15,157081,11914],{}," as a variable name.",[20,157084,45004],{},[39,157086,157088],{"className":41,"code":157087,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157089,157090,157098,157118],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157091,157092,157094,157096],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157093,11914],{"class":147},[48,157095,695],{"class":58},[48,157097,3370],{"class":99},[48,157099,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157101,2232],{"class":54},[48,157103,59],{"class":58},[48,157105,330],{"class":62},[48,157107,3770],{"class":99},[48,157109,87],{"class":62},[48,157111,632],{"class":99},[48,157113,87],{"class":62},[48,157115,800],{"class":99},[48,157117,162],{"class":62},[48,157119,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157121,276],{"class":147},[48,157123,151],{"class":62},[48,157125,11914],{"class":147},[48,157127,151],{"class":62},[48,157129,2411],{"class":137},[48,157131,670],{"class":62},[20,157133,40195,157134,157136],{},[15,157135,11914],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,157138,157139],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[39,157141,157143],{"className":41,"code":157142,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157144,157145,157154,157174],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157146,157147,157150,157152],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157148,157149],{"class":54},"length_value ",[48,157151,59],{"class":58},[48,157153,3370],{"class":99},[48,157155,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157157,2232],{"class":54},[48,157159,59],{"class":58},[48,157161,330],{"class":62},[48,157163,3770],{"class":99},[48,157165,87],{"class":62},[48,157167,632],{"class":99},[48,157169,87],{"class":62},[48,157171,800],{"class":99},[48,157173,162],{"class":62},[48,157175,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157177,276],{"class":147},[48,157179,151],{"class":62},[48,157181,11914],{"class":147},[48,157183,151],{"class":62},[48,157185,2411],{"class":137},[48,157187,670],{"class":62},[20,157189,157190],{},[166,157191,168],{},[39,157193,157194],{"className":41,"code":47162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,157195,157196],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157197,157198],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157199,47162],{"class":99},[34,157201,157203],{"id":157202},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,157205,157206,157208],{},[15,157207,42904],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1752,157210,157212],{"id":157211},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[39,157214,157216],{"className":41,"code":157215,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,157217,157218,157226,157230,157248],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157219,157220,157222,157224],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157221,8549],{"class":54},[48,157223,59],{"class":58},[48,157225,149882],{"class":62},[48,157227,157228],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157229,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,157231,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157233,7767],{"class":116},[48,157235,38927],{"class":147},[48,157237,151],{"class":62},[48,157239,138],{"class":137},[48,157241,4442],{"class":62},[48,157243,7181],{"class":58},[48,157245,4616],{"class":99},[48,157247,1053],{"class":62},[48,157249,157250,157252,157254,157256,157259,157261],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,157251,148],{"class":147},[48,157253,151],{"class":62},[48,157255,67],{"class":66},[48,157257,157258],{"class":70},"The tuple is empty",[48,157260,67],{"class":66},[48,157262,162],{"class":62},[20,157264,157265],{},[166,157266,168],{},[39,157268,157270],{"className":41,"code":157269,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,157271,157272],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157273,157274,157276,157278,157280],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157275,22],{"class":54},[48,157277,49499],{"class":281},[48,157279,8863],{"class":58},[48,157281,8869],{"class":54},[1752,157283,157285],{"id":157284},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[39,157287,157289],{"className":41,"code":157288,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,157290,157291,157307,157311,157329],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157292,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157294,51932],{"class":54},[48,157296,59],{"class":58},[48,157298,330],{"class":62},[48,157300,3288],{"class":99},[48,157302,87],{"class":62},[48,157304,6769],{"class":99},[48,157306,162],{"class":62},[48,157308,157309],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157310,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,157312,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157314,7767],{"class":116},[48,157316,38927],{"class":147},[48,157318,151],{"class":62},[48,157320,51957],{"class":137},[48,157322,4442],{"class":62},[48,157324,7181],{"class":58},[48,157326,632],{"class":99},[48,157328,1053],{"class":62},[48,157330,157331,157333,157335,157337,157340,157342],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,157332,148],{"class":147},[48,157334,151],{"class":62},[48,157336,67],{"class":66},[48,157338,157339],{"class":70},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[48,157341,67],{"class":66},[48,157343,162],{"class":62},[20,157345,157346],{},[166,157347,168],{},[39,157349,157351],{"className":41,"code":157350,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157352,157353],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157354,157355,157358,157360],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157356,157357],{"class":54},"This looks like an x",[48,157359,87],{"class":62},[48,157361,157362],{"class":54}," y coordinate\n",[1752,157364,157366],{"id":157365},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[39,157368,157370],{"className":41,"code":157369,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157371,157372,157401,157405,157423],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157373,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157397,157399],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157375,12238],{"class":54},[48,157377,59],{"class":58},[48,157379,330],{"class":62},[48,157381,67],{"class":66},[48,157383,82],{"class":70},[48,157385,67],{"class":66},[48,157387,87],{"class":62},[48,157389,100],{"class":99},[48,157391,87],{"class":62},[48,157393,79],{"class":66},[48,157395,157396],{"class":70},"Canada",[48,157398,67],{"class":66},[48,157400,162],{"class":62},[48,157402,157403],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157404,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,157406,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157408,7767],{"class":116},[48,157410,38927],{"class":147},[48,157412,151],{"class":62},[48,157414,12329],{"class":137},[48,157416,4442],{"class":62},[48,157418,7181],{"class":58},[48,157420,800],{"class":99},[48,157422,1053],{"class":62},[48,157424,157425,157427,157429,157431,157434,157436],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,157426,148],{"class":147},[48,157428,151],{"class":62},[48,157430,67],{"class":66},[48,157432,157433],{"class":70},"User record has the expected number of values",[48,157435,67],{"class":66},[48,157437,162],{"class":62},[20,157439,157440],{},[166,157441,168],{},[39,157443,157445],{"className":41,"code":157444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157446,157447],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157448,157449],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157450,157444],{"class":54},[1752,157452,157454],{"id":157453},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[39,157456,157458],{"className":41,"code":157457,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157459,157460,157492,157496,157516],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157461,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157463,36629],{"class":54},[48,157465,59],{"class":58},[48,157467,330],{"class":62},[48,157469,67],{"class":66},[48,157471,348],{"class":70},[48,157473,67],{"class":66},[48,157475,87],{"class":62},[48,157477,79],{"class":66},[48,157479,2059],{"class":70},[48,157481,67],{"class":66},[48,157483,87],{"class":62},[48,157485,79],{"class":66},[48,157487,2265],{"class":70},[48,157489,67],{"class":66},[48,157491,162],{"class":62},[48,157493,157494],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157495,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,157497,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157499,117],{"class":116},[48,157501,70099],{"class":54},[48,157503,128],{"class":116},[48,157505,54618],{"class":147},[48,157507,151],{"class":62},[48,157509,11914],{"class":147},[48,157511,151],{"class":62},[48,157513,36682],{"class":137},[48,157515,70114],{"class":62},[48,157517,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,157519,148],{"class":147},[48,157521,151],{"class":62},[48,157523,36693],{"class":137},[48,157525,87],{"class":62},[48,157527,70647],{"class":137},[48,157529,682],{"class":62},[48,157531,36693],{"class":137},[48,157533,4670],{"class":62},[20,157535,157536],{},[166,157537,168],{},[39,157539,157540],{"className":41,"code":36705,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,157541,157542,157548,157554],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157543,157544,157546],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157545,2904],{"class":99},[48,157547,36714],{"class":54},[48,157549,157550,157552],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157551,3770],{"class":99},[48,157553,36721],{"class":54},[48,157555,157556,157558],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157557,2842],{"class":99},[48,157559,36728],{"class":54},[20,157561,157562,157563,157565,157566,134],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[348,157564,150213],{"href":150212},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[348,157567,151457],{"href":151456},[34,157569,1745],{"id":1744},[20,157571,157572],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[209,157574,157575,157583,157590,157595],{},[212,157576,157577,157578,11844,157581],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157579,157580],{},"(5)",[15,157582,150047],{},[212,157584,9185,157585,157587,157588],{},[15,157586,11914],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157589,42904],{},[212,157591,2015,157592,157594],{},[15,157593,42904],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[212,157596,157597],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157599,32617],{},[39,157601,157603],{"className":41,"code":157602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157604,157605,157615,157629,157643],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157606,157607,157609,157611,157613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157608,276],{"class":147},[48,157610,151],{"class":62},[48,157612,148558],{"class":137},[48,157614,162],{"class":62},[48,157616,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157618,276],{"class":147},[48,157620,151],{"class":62},[48,157622,2094],{"class":281},[48,157624,151],{"class":62},[48,157626,148558],{"class":137},[48,157628,670],{"class":62},[48,157630,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157632,276],{"class":147},[48,157634,151],{"class":62},[48,157636,11914],{"class":147},[48,157638,151],{"class":62},[48,157640,148558],{"class":137},[48,157642,670],{"class":62},[48,157644,157645,157647,157649,157651],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,157646,32687],{"class":147},[48,157648,151],{"class":62},[48,157650,11914],{"class":147},[48,157652,162],{"class":62},[20,157654,155767],{},[209,157656,157657,157660,157663,157667],{},[212,157658,157659],{},"what value you are using",[212,157661,157662],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[212,157664,26551,157665,12453],{},[15,157666,42904],{},[212,157668,123931,157669,157671],{},[15,157670,42904],{}," is documented in Python",[34,157673,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,157675,157677],{"id":157676},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157679,189,157680,157683],{},[15,157681,157682],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1752,157685,2606,157687,149717],{"id":157686},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157688,42904],{},[20,157690,46910,157691,157693],{},[15,157692,42904],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1752,157695,157697],{"id":157696},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157699,157700,157701,134],{},"The length is ",[15,157702,2904],{},[1752,157704,157706],{"id":157705},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157708,151403,157709,157711],{},[15,157710,151406],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1752,157713,2606,157715,157717],{"id":157714},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157716,42904],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157719,157720],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[34,157722,2679],{"id":2678},[209,157724,157725,157731,157735,157739,157743],{},[212,157726,157727],{},[348,157728,4356,157729,4289],{"href":42901},[15,157730,42904],{},[212,157732,157733],{},[348,157734,156632],{"href":148543},[212,157736,157737],{},[348,157738,150213],{"href":150212},[212,157740,157741],{},[348,157742,151457],{"href":151456},[212,157744,157745],{},[348,157746,157747],{"href":149843},"What is a tuple in Python",[2711,157749,157750],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":157752},[157753,157754,157755,157762,157768,157777,157783,157784,157793],{"id":15890,"depth":106,"text":15891},{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":156120,"depth":106,"text":157756,"children":157757},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157758,157759,157760,157761],{"id":156132,"depth":113,"text":156133},{"id":156199,"depth":113,"text":156200},{"id":156244,"depth":113,"text":156245},{"id":156293,"depth":113,"text":156294},{"id":156382,"depth":106,"text":156383,"children":157763},[157764,157765,157766,157767],{"id":156386,"depth":113,"text":156387},{"id":156461,"depth":113,"text":156200},{"id":156503,"depth":113,"text":156504},{"id":156637,"depth":113,"text":156638},{"id":156721,"depth":106,"text":156722,"children":157769},[157770,157772,157774,157775],{"id":156725,"depth":113,"text":157771},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156863,"depth":113,"text":157773},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156939,"depth":113,"text":156940},{"id":157074,"depth":113,"text":157776},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157202,"depth":106,"text":157203,"children":157778},[157779,157780,157781,157782],{"id":157211,"depth":113,"text":157212},{"id":157284,"depth":113,"text":157285},{"id":157365,"depth":113,"text":157366},{"id":157453,"depth":113,"text":157454},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":157785},[157786,157787,157789,157790,157791],{"id":157676,"depth":113,"text":157677},{"id":157686,"depth":113,"text":157788},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157696,"depth":113,"text":157697},{"id":157705,"depth":113,"text":157706},{"id":157714,"depth":113,"text":157792},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155904,"description":157794},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157801,"title":157802,"body":157803,"description":160188,"extension":2749,"meta":160189,"navigation":109,"path":160190,"seo":160191,"stem":160192,"__hash__":160193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157804,"toc":160149},[157805,157808,157811,157814,157837,157843,157845,157956,157960,157963,157973,157975,158074,158076,158153,158159,158163,158166,158189,158192,158209,158212,158214,158277,158279,158296,158307,158312,158314,158317,158323,158374,158376,158396,158400,158451,158453,158474,158478,158533,158535,158556,158560,158615,158617,158638,158642,158695,158697,158726,158728,158730,158733,158737,158794,158796,158817,158821,158874,158876,158901,158906,158910,158915,158933,158936,158999,159001,159022,159025,159086,159088,159109,159112,159155,159158,159162,159167,159171,159250,159252,159283,159287,159362,159364,159391,159395,159442,159444,159452,159457,159461,159464,159479,159481,159569,159571,159596,159599,159642,159651,159653,159656,159671,159674,159678,159732,159734,159754,159759,159763,159765,159803,159806,159856,159860,159933,159935,159972,159975,159977,159980,160000,160003,160072,160074,160087,160089,160093,160096,160100,160103,160108,160111,160117,160122,160124,160146],[10,157806,157802],{"id":157807},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157809,157810],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157812,157813],{},"Use this format:",[39,157815,157817],{"className":41,"code":157816,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157818,157819],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157820,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157822,49499],{"class":54},[48,157824,682],{"class":62},[48,157826,36611],{"class":54},[48,157828,76],{"class":62},[48,157830,75977],{"class":54},[48,157832,76],{"class":62},[48,157834,75980],{"class":54},[48,157836,1465],{"class":62},[20,157838,22,157839,76013,157841,134],{},[15,157840,75977],{},[166,157842,65620],{},[34,157844,37],{"id":36},[39,157846,157848],{"className":41,"code":157847,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157849,157850,157878,157882,157903,157920,157937],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157851,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157853,2232],{"class":54},[48,157855,59],{"class":58},[48,157857,330],{"class":62},[48,157859,3114],{"class":99},[48,157861,87],{"class":62},[48,157863,2506],{"class":99},[48,157865,87],{"class":62},[48,157867,8564],{"class":99},[48,157869,87],{"class":62},[48,157871,51390],{"class":99},[48,157873,87],{"class":62},[48,157875,5859],{"class":99},[48,157877,162],{"class":62},[48,157879,157880],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,157881,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,157883,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,157885,276],{"class":147},[48,157887,151],{"class":62},[48,157889,2411],{"class":137},[48,157891,682],{"class":62},[48,157893,3770],{"class":99},[48,157895,76],{"class":62},[48,157897,3288],{"class":99},[48,157899,21164],{"class":62},[48,157901,157902],{"class":4445},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[48,157904,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,157906,276],{"class":147},[48,157908,151],{"class":62},[48,157910,2411],{"class":137},[48,157912,76086],{"class":62},[48,157914,2848],{"class":99},[48,157916,21164],{"class":62},[48,157918,157919],{"class":4445},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[48,157921,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,157923,276],{"class":147},[48,157925,151],{"class":62},[48,157927,2411],{"class":137},[48,157929,74673],{"class":62},[48,157931,2842],{"class":99},[48,157933,21164],{"class":62},[48,157935,157936],{"class":4445},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[48,157938,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,157940,276],{"class":147},[48,157942,151],{"class":62},[48,157944,2411],{"class":137},[48,157946,74673],{"class":62},[48,157948,2807],{"class":58},[48,157950,3770],{"class":99},[48,157952,21164],{"class":62},[48,157954,157955],{"class":4445},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[34,157957,157959],{"id":157958},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157961,157962],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[209,157964,157965,157967,157970],{},[212,157966,76280],{},[212,157968,157969],{},"The result is a new tuple",[212,157971,157972],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157974,226],{},[39,157976,157978],{"className":41,"code":157977,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157979,157980,158028,158032,158050,158054,158064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157981,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157983,36629],{"class":54},[48,157985,59],{"class":58},[48,157987,330],{"class":62},[48,157989,67],{"class":66},[48,157991,348],{"class":70},[48,157993,67],{"class":66},[48,157995,87],{"class":62},[48,157997,79],{"class":66},[48,157999,2059],{"class":70},[48,158001,67],{"class":66},[48,158003,87],{"class":62},[48,158005,79],{"class":66},[48,158007,2265],{"class":70},[48,158009,67],{"class":66},[48,158011,87],{"class":62},[48,158013,79],{"class":66},[48,158015,2324],{"class":70},[48,158017,67],{"class":66},[48,158019,87],{"class":62},[48,158021,79],{"class":66},[48,158023,60997],{"class":70},[48,158025,67],{"class":66},[48,158027,162],{"class":62},[48,158029,158030],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158031,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158033,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158035,76210],{"class":54},[48,158037,59],{"class":58},[48,158039,70647],{"class":54},[48,158041,682],{"class":62},[48,158043,3770],{"class":99},[48,158045,76],{"class":62},[48,158047,3288],{"class":99},[48,158049,1465],{"class":62},[48,158051,158052],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,158053,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158055,158056,158058,158060,158062],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,158057,276],{"class":147},[48,158059,151],{"class":62},[48,158061,76233],{"class":137},[48,158063,162],{"class":62},[48,158065,158066,158068,158070,158072],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,158067,276],{"class":147},[48,158069,151],{"class":62},[48,158071,36682],{"class":137},[48,158073,162],{"class":62},[20,158075,168],{},[39,158077,158079],{"className":41,"code":158078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,158080,158081,158109],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158082,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158084,151],{"class":62},[48,158086,311],{"class":66},[48,158088,2059],{"class":70},[48,158090,311],{"class":66},[48,158092,87],{"class":62},[48,158094,320],{"class":66},[48,158096,2265],{"class":70},[48,158098,311],{"class":66},[48,158100,87],{"class":62},[48,158102,320],{"class":66},[48,158104,2324],{"class":70},[48,158106,311],{"class":66},[48,158108,162],{"class":62},[48,158110,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158112,151],{"class":62},[48,158114,311],{"class":66},[48,158116,348],{"class":70},[48,158118,311],{"class":66},[48,158120,87],{"class":62},[48,158122,320],{"class":66},[48,158124,2059],{"class":70},[48,158126,311],{"class":66},[48,158128,87],{"class":62},[48,158130,320],{"class":66},[48,158132,2265],{"class":70},[48,158134,311],{"class":66},[48,158136,87],{"class":62},[48,158138,320],{"class":66},[48,158140,2324],{"class":70},[48,158142,311],{"class":66},[48,158144,87],{"class":62},[48,158146,320],{"class":66},[48,158148,60997],{"class":70},[48,158150,311],{"class":66},[48,158152,162],{"class":62},[20,158154,158155,158156,134],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[348,158157,148540],{"href":158158},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[34,158160,158162],{"id":158161},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,158164,158165],{},"The full syntax is:",[39,158167,158169],{"className":41,"code":158168,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,158170,158171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158172,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158174,148558],{"class":54},[48,158176,682],{"class":62},[48,158178,36611],{"class":54},[48,158180,76],{"class":62},[48,158182,75977],{"class":54},[48,158184,76],{"class":62},[48,158186,75980],{"class":54},[48,158188,1465],{"class":62},[20,158190,158191],{},"Each part has a job:",[209,158193,158194,158199,158204],{},[212,158195,158196,158198],{},[15,158197,36611],{},": where slicing begins",[212,158200,158201,158203],{},[15,158202,75977],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[212,158205,158206,158208],{},[15,158207,75980],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,158210,158211],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,158213,226],{},[39,158215,158217],{"className":41,"code":158216,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,158218,158219,158251,158255],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158220,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158222,2232],{"class":54},[48,158224,59],{"class":58},[48,158226,330],{"class":62},[48,158228,3114],{"class":99},[48,158230,87],{"class":62},[48,158232,2506],{"class":99},[48,158234,87],{"class":62},[48,158236,8564],{"class":99},[48,158238,87],{"class":62},[48,158240,51390],{"class":99},[48,158242,87],{"class":62},[48,158244,5859],{"class":99},[48,158246,87],{"class":62},[48,158248,76651],{"class":99},[48,158250,162],{"class":62},[48,158252,158253],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158254,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158256,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158258,276],{"class":147},[48,158260,151],{"class":62},[48,158262,2411],{"class":137},[48,158264,682],{"class":62},[48,158266,3770],{"class":99},[48,158268,76],{"class":62},[48,158270,2921],{"class":99},[48,158272,76],{"class":62},[48,158274,2842],{"class":99},[48,158276,4670],{"class":62},[20,158278,168],{},[39,158280,158282],{"className":41,"code":158281,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 40)\n",[15,158283,158284],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158285,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158287,151],{"class":62},[48,158289,16483],{"class":99},[48,158291,87],{"class":62},[48,158293,51390],{"class":99},[48,158295,162],{"class":62},[20,158297,158298,158299,158301,158302,158304,158305,134],{},"This starts at index ",[15,158300,3770],{},", stops before index ",[15,158303,2921],{},", and moves by ",[15,158306,2842],{},[20,158308,158309,158310,134],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[348,158311,150213],{"href":153639},[34,158313,76567],{"id":76566},[20,158315,158316],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1752,158318,158320,158321,6741],{"id":158319},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158322,76581],{},[39,158324,158326],{"className":41,"code":158325,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158327,158328,158356,158360],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158329,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158331,2232],{"class":54},[48,158333,59],{"class":58},[48,158335,330],{"class":62},[48,158337,3114],{"class":99},[48,158339,87],{"class":62},[48,158341,2506],{"class":99},[48,158343,87],{"class":62},[48,158345,8564],{"class":99},[48,158347,87],{"class":62},[48,158349,51390],{"class":99},[48,158351,87],{"class":62},[48,158353,5859],{"class":99},[48,158355,162],{"class":62},[48,158357,158358],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158359,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158361,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158363,276],{"class":147},[48,158365,151],{"class":62},[48,158367,2411],{"class":137},[48,158369,76086],{"class":62},[48,158371,2848],{"class":99},[48,158373,4670],{"class":62},[20,158375,168],{},[39,158377,158378],{"className":41,"code":151905,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,158379,158380],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158381,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158383,151],{"class":62},[48,158385,3114],{"class":99},[48,158387,87],{"class":62},[48,158389,2506],{"class":99},[48,158391,87],{"class":62},[48,158393,8564],{"class":99},[48,158395,162],{"class":62},[1752,158397,158399],{"id":158398},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[39,158401,158403],{"className":41,"code":158402,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158404,158405,158433,158437],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158406,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158408,2232],{"class":54},[48,158410,59],{"class":58},[48,158412,330],{"class":62},[48,158414,3114],{"class":99},[48,158416,87],{"class":62},[48,158418,2506],{"class":99},[48,158420,87],{"class":62},[48,158422,8564],{"class":99},[48,158424,87],{"class":62},[48,158426,51390],{"class":99},[48,158428,87],{"class":62},[48,158430,5859],{"class":99},[48,158432,162],{"class":62},[48,158434,158435],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158436,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158438,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158440,276],{"class":147},[48,158442,151],{"class":62},[48,158444,2411],{"class":137},[48,158446,682],{"class":62},[48,158448,2842],{"class":99},[48,158450,78267],{"class":62},[20,158452,168],{},[39,158454,158456],{"className":41,"code":158455,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158457,158458],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158459,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158461,151],{"class":62},[48,158463,37381],{"class":99},[48,158465,87],{"class":62},[48,158467,51390],{"class":99},[48,158469,87],{"class":62},[48,158471,5859],{"class":99},[48,158473,162],{"class":62},[1752,158475,158477],{"id":158476},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[39,158479,158481],{"className":41,"code":158480,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158482,158483,158511,158515],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158484,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158486,2232],{"class":54},[48,158488,59],{"class":58},[48,158490,330],{"class":62},[48,158492,3114],{"class":99},[48,158494,87],{"class":62},[48,158496,2506],{"class":99},[48,158498,87],{"class":62},[48,158500,8564],{"class":99},[48,158502,87],{"class":62},[48,158504,51390],{"class":99},[48,158506,87],{"class":62},[48,158508,5859],{"class":99},[48,158510,162],{"class":62},[48,158512,158513],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158514,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158516,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158518,276],{"class":147},[48,158520,151],{"class":62},[48,158522,2411],{"class":137},[48,158524,682],{"class":62},[48,158526,3770],{"class":99},[48,158528,76],{"class":62},[48,158530,3288],{"class":99},[48,158532,4670],{"class":62},[20,158534,168],{},[39,158536,158538],{"className":41,"code":158537,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158539,158540],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158541,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158543,151],{"class":62},[48,158545,16483],{"class":99},[48,158547,87],{"class":62},[48,158549,8564],{"class":99},[48,158551,87],{"class":62},[48,158553,51390],{"class":99},[48,158555,162],{"class":62},[1752,158557,158559],{"id":158558},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[39,158561,158563],{"className":41,"code":158562,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158564,158565,158597,158601],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158566,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158568,2232],{"class":54},[48,158570,59],{"class":58},[48,158572,330],{"class":62},[48,158574,3114],{"class":99},[48,158576,87],{"class":62},[48,158578,2506],{"class":99},[48,158580,87],{"class":62},[48,158582,8564],{"class":99},[48,158584,87],{"class":62},[48,158586,51390],{"class":99},[48,158588,87],{"class":62},[48,158590,5859],{"class":99},[48,158592,87],{"class":62},[48,158594,76651],{"class":99},[48,158596,162],{"class":62},[48,158598,158599],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158600,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158604,276],{"class":147},[48,158606,151],{"class":62},[48,158608,2411],{"class":137},[48,158610,74673],{"class":62},[48,158612,2842],{"class":99},[48,158614,4670],{"class":62},[20,158616,168],{},[39,158618,158620],{"className":41,"code":158619,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158621,158622],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158623,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158625,151],{"class":62},[48,158627,3114],{"class":99},[48,158629,87],{"class":62},[48,158631,8564],{"class":99},[48,158633,87],{"class":62},[48,158635,5859],{"class":99},[48,158637,162],{"class":62},[1752,158639,158641],{"id":158640},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[39,158643,158645],{"className":41,"code":158644,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158646,158647,158675,158679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158648,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158650,2232],{"class":54},[48,158652,59],{"class":58},[48,158654,330],{"class":62},[48,158656,3114],{"class":99},[48,158658,87],{"class":62},[48,158660,2506],{"class":99},[48,158662,87],{"class":62},[48,158664,8564],{"class":99},[48,158666,87],{"class":62},[48,158668,51390],{"class":99},[48,158670,87],{"class":62},[48,158672,5859],{"class":99},[48,158674,162],{"class":62},[48,158676,158677],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158678,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158680,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158682,276],{"class":147},[48,158684,151],{"class":62},[48,158686,2411],{"class":137},[48,158688,74673],{"class":62},[48,158690,2807],{"class":58},[48,158692,3770],{"class":99},[48,158694,4670],{"class":62},[20,158696,168],{},[39,158698,158700],{"className":41,"code":158699,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158701,158702],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158703,158704,158706,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158705,151],{"class":62},[48,158707,77345],{"class":99},[48,158709,87],{"class":62},[48,158711,51390],{"class":99},[48,158713,87],{"class":62},[48,158715,8564],{"class":99},[48,158717,87],{"class":62},[48,158719,2506],{"class":99},[48,158721,87],{"class":62},[48,158723,2493],{"class":99},[48,158725,162],{"class":62},[34,158727,76861],{"id":76860},[20,158729,154912],{},[20,158731,158732],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1752,158734,158736],{"id":158735},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[39,158738,158740],{"className":41,"code":158739,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158741,158742,158774,158778],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158743,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770,158772],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158745,2232],{"class":54},[48,158747,59],{"class":58},[48,158749,330],{"class":62},[48,158751,3114],{"class":99},[48,158753,87],{"class":62},[48,158755,2506],{"class":99},[48,158757,87],{"class":62},[48,158759,8564],{"class":99},[48,158761,87],{"class":62},[48,158763,51390],{"class":99},[48,158765,87],{"class":62},[48,158767,5859],{"class":99},[48,158769,87],{"class":62},[48,158771,76651],{"class":99},[48,158773,162],{"class":62},[48,158775,158776],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158777,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158779,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158781,276],{"class":147},[48,158783,151],{"class":62},[48,158785,2411],{"class":137},[48,158787,682],{"class":62},[48,158789,2807],{"class":58},[48,158791,2848],{"class":99},[48,158793,78267],{"class":62},[20,158795,168],{},[39,158797,158799],{"className":41,"code":158798,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158800,158801],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158802,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158804,151],{"class":62},[48,158806,57241],{"class":99},[48,158808,87],{"class":62},[48,158810,5859],{"class":99},[48,158812,87],{"class":62},[48,158814,76651],{"class":99},[48,158816,162],{"class":62},[1752,158818,158820],{"id":158819},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[39,158822,158824],{"className":41,"code":158823,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158825,158826,158854,158858],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158827,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158829,2232],{"class":54},[48,158831,59],{"class":58},[48,158833,330],{"class":62},[48,158835,3114],{"class":99},[48,158837,87],{"class":62},[48,158839,2506],{"class":99},[48,158841,87],{"class":62},[48,158843,8564],{"class":99},[48,158845,87],{"class":62},[48,158847,51390],{"class":99},[48,158849,87],{"class":62},[48,158851,5859],{"class":99},[48,158853,162],{"class":62},[48,158855,158856],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158857,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158859,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158861,276],{"class":147},[48,158863,151],{"class":62},[48,158865,2411],{"class":137},[48,158867,76086],{"class":62},[48,158869,2807],{"class":58},[48,158871,3770],{"class":99},[48,158873,4670],{"class":62},[20,158875,168],{},[39,158877,158879],{"className":41,"code":158878,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158880,158881],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158882,158883,158885,158887,158889,158891,158893,158895,158897,158899],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158884,151],{"class":62},[48,158886,3114],{"class":99},[48,158888,87],{"class":62},[48,158890,2506],{"class":99},[48,158892,87],{"class":62},[48,158894,8564],{"class":99},[48,158896,87],{"class":62},[48,158898,51390],{"class":99},[48,158900,162],{"class":62},[20,158902,158903,158904,134],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[348,158905,151462],{"href":157796},[34,158907,158909],{"id":158908},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158911,22,158912,158914],{},[15,158913,75980],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[209,158916,158917,158919,158921,158927],{},[212,158918,77117],{},[212,158920,77120],{},[212,158922,158923,158926],{},[15,158924,158925],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[212,158928,158929,158930,158932],{},"A step of ",[15,158931,2904],{}," is not allowed",[20,158934,158935],{},"Example with a positive step:",[39,158937,158939],{"className":41,"code":158938,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158940,158941,158973,158977],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158942,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951,158953,158955,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158944,2232],{"class":54},[48,158946,59],{"class":58},[48,158948,330],{"class":62},[48,158950,3114],{"class":99},[48,158952,87],{"class":62},[48,158954,2506],{"class":99},[48,158956,87],{"class":62},[48,158958,8564],{"class":99},[48,158960,87],{"class":62},[48,158962,51390],{"class":99},[48,158964,87],{"class":62},[48,158966,5859],{"class":99},[48,158968,87],{"class":62},[48,158970,76651],{"class":99},[48,158972,162],{"class":62},[48,158974,158975],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,158976,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,158978,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,158980,276],{"class":147},[48,158982,151],{"class":62},[48,158984,2411],{"class":137},[48,158986,682],{"class":62},[48,158988,3770],{"class":99},[48,158990,76],{"class":62},[48,158992,81145],{"class":99},[48,158994,76],{"class":62},[48,158996,2842],{"class":99},[48,158998,4670],{"class":62},[20,159000,168],{},[39,159002,159004],{"className":41,"code":159003,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,159005,159006],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159007,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159009,151],{"class":62},[48,159011,16483],{"class":99},[48,159013,87],{"class":62},[48,159015,51390],{"class":99},[48,159017,87],{"class":62},[48,159019,76651],{"class":99},[48,159021,162],{"class":62},[20,159023,159024],{},"Example with a negative step:",[39,159026,159028],{"className":41,"code":159027,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,159029,159030,159058,159062],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159031,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159033,2232],{"class":54},[48,159035,59],{"class":58},[48,159037,330],{"class":62},[48,159039,3114],{"class":99},[48,159041,87],{"class":62},[48,159043,2506],{"class":99},[48,159045,87],{"class":62},[48,159047,8564],{"class":99},[48,159049,87],{"class":62},[48,159051,51390],{"class":99},[48,159053,87],{"class":62},[48,159055,5859],{"class":99},[48,159057,162],{"class":62},[48,159059,159060],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159061,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159063,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159065,276],{"class":147},[48,159067,151],{"class":62},[48,159069,2411],{"class":137},[48,159071,682],{"class":62},[48,159073,3288],{"class":99},[48,159075,76],{"class":62},[48,159077,3770],{"class":99},[48,159079,76],{"class":62},[48,159081,2807],{"class":58},[48,159083,3770],{"class":99},[48,159085,4670],{"class":62},[20,159087,168],{},[39,159089,159091],{"className":41,"code":159090,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,159092,159093],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159094,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159096,151],{"class":62},[48,159098,77345],{"class":99},[48,159100,87],{"class":62},[48,159102,51390],{"class":99},[48,159104,87],{"class":62},[48,159106,8564],{"class":99},[48,159108,162],{"class":62},[20,159110,159111],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[39,159113,159115],{"className":41,"code":159114,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,159116,159117,159137,159141],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159118,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131,159133,159135],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159120,2232],{"class":54},[48,159122,59],{"class":58},[48,159124,330],{"class":62},[48,159126,3114],{"class":99},[48,159128,87],{"class":62},[48,159130,2506],{"class":99},[48,159132,87],{"class":62},[48,159134,8564],{"class":99},[48,159136,162],{"class":62},[48,159138,159139],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159140,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159142,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159144,276],{"class":147},[48,159146,151],{"class":62},[48,159148,2411],{"class":137},[48,159150,74673],{"class":62},[48,159152,2904],{"class":99},[48,159154,4670],{"class":62},[20,159156,159157],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[34,159159,159161],{"id":159160},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,159163,159164,159165,34277],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[166,159166,49499],{},[1752,159168,159170],{"id":159169},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[39,159172,159174],{"className":41,"code":159173,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159175,159176,159200,159204,159222,159226,159236],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159177,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196,159198],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159179,2232],{"class":54},[48,159181,59],{"class":58},[48,159183,330],{"class":62},[48,159185,3114],{"class":99},[48,159187,87],{"class":62},[48,159189,2506],{"class":99},[48,159191,87],{"class":62},[48,159193,8564],{"class":99},[48,159195,87],{"class":62},[48,159197,51390],{"class":99},[48,159199,162],{"class":62},[48,159201,159202],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159203,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159205,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159207,449],{"class":54},[48,159209,59],{"class":58},[48,159211,2292],{"class":54},[48,159213,682],{"class":62},[48,159215,3770],{"class":99},[48,159217,76],{"class":62},[48,159219,2848],{"class":99},[48,159221,1465],{"class":62},[48,159223,159224],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,159225,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159227,159228,159230,159232,159234],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,159229,276],{"class":147},[48,159231,151],{"class":62},[48,159233,474],{"class":137},[48,159235,162],{"class":62},[48,159237,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,159239,276],{"class":147},[48,159241,151],{"class":62},[48,159243,2094],{"class":281},[48,159245,151],{"class":62},[48,159247,474],{"class":137},[48,159249,670],{"class":62},[20,159251,168],{},[39,159253,159255],{"className":41,"code":159254,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159256,159257,159269],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159258,159259,159261,159263,159265,159267],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159260,151],{"class":62},[48,159262,16483],{"class":99},[48,159264,87],{"class":62},[48,159266,8564],{"class":99},[48,159268,162],{"class":62},[48,159270,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279,159281],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159272,2168],{"class":58},[48,159274,2171],{"class":915},[48,159276,320],{"class":66},[48,159278,49499],{"class":70},[48,159280,311],{"class":66},[48,159282,2180],{"class":58},[1752,159284,159286],{"id":159285},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[39,159288,159290],{"className":41,"code":159289,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159291,159292,159312,159316,159334,159338,159348],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159293,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159295,2232],{"class":54},[48,159297,59],{"class":58},[48,159299,330],{"class":62},[48,159301,3114],{"class":99},[48,159303,87],{"class":62},[48,159305,2506],{"class":99},[48,159307,87],{"class":62},[48,159309,8564],{"class":99},[48,159311,162],{"class":62},[48,159313,159314],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159315,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159317,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159319,449],{"class":54},[48,159321,59],{"class":58},[48,159323,2292],{"class":54},[48,159325,682],{"class":62},[48,159327,3770],{"class":99},[48,159329,76],{"class":62},[48,159331,2842],{"class":99},[48,159333,1465],{"class":62},[48,159335,159336],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,159337,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159339,159340,159342,159344,159346],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,159341,276],{"class":147},[48,159343,151],{"class":62},[48,159345,474],{"class":137},[48,159347,162],{"class":62},[48,159349,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,159351,276],{"class":147},[48,159353,151],{"class":62},[48,159355,2094],{"class":281},[48,159357,151],{"class":62},[48,159359,474],{"class":137},[48,159361,670],{"class":62},[20,159363,168],{},[39,159365,159367],{"className":41,"code":159366,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159368,159369,159377],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159370,159371,159373,159375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159372,151],{"class":62},[48,159374,16483],{"class":99},[48,159376,149896],{"class":62},[48,159378,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159380,2168],{"class":58},[48,159382,2171],{"class":915},[48,159384,320],{"class":66},[48,159386,49499],{"class":70},[48,159388,311],{"class":66},[48,159390,2180],{"class":58},[1752,159392,159394],{"id":159393},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[39,159396,159398],{"className":41,"code":159397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159399,159400,159420,159424],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159401,159402,159404,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414,159416,159418],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159403,2232],{"class":54},[48,159405,59],{"class":58},[48,159407,330],{"class":62},[48,159409,3114],{"class":99},[48,159411,87],{"class":62},[48,159413,2506],{"class":99},[48,159415,87],{"class":62},[48,159417,8564],{"class":99},[48,159419,162],{"class":62},[48,159421,159422],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159423,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159425,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159427,276],{"class":147},[48,159429,151],{"class":62},[48,159431,2411],{"class":137},[48,159433,682],{"class":62},[48,159435,2921],{"class":99},[48,159437,76],{"class":62},[48,159439,3129],{"class":99},[48,159441,4670],{"class":62},[20,159443,168],{},[39,159445,159446],{"className":41,"code":380,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,159447,159448],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159449,159450],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159451,380],{"class":62},[20,159453,159454,159455,134],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[348,159456,156632],{"href":151519},[34,159458,159460],{"id":159459},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159462,159463],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[209,159465,159466,159468,159471,159476],{},[212,159467,77426],{},[212,159469,159470],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[212,159472,159473,159474],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159475,71282],{},[212,159477,159478],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159480,226],{},[39,159482,159484],{"className":41,"code":159483,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159485,159486,159506,159510,159527,159548],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159487,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500,159502,159504],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159489,2232],{"class":54},[48,159491,59],{"class":58},[48,159493,330],{"class":62},[48,159495,3114],{"class":99},[48,159497,87],{"class":62},[48,159499,2506],{"class":99},[48,159501,87],{"class":62},[48,159503,8564],{"class":99},[48,159505,162],{"class":62},[48,159507,159508],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159509,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159511,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520,159522,159524],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159513,276],{"class":147},[48,159515,151],{"class":62},[48,159517,2411],{"class":137},[48,159519,682],{"class":62},[48,159521,3770],{"class":99},[48,159523,21164],{"class":62},[48,159525,159526],{"class":4445},"    # one item\n",[48,159528,159529,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,159530,276],{"class":147},[48,159532,151],{"class":62},[48,159534,2411],{"class":137},[48,159536,682],{"class":62},[48,159538,3770],{"class":99},[48,159540,76],{"class":62},[48,159542,2921],{"class":99},[48,159544,21164],{"class":62},[48,159546,159547],{"class":4445},"  # slice\n",[48,159549,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,159551,276],{"class":147},[48,159553,151],{"class":62},[48,159555,2411],{"class":137},[48,159557,682],{"class":62},[48,159559,2921],{"class":99},[48,159561,76],{"class":62},[48,159563,3129],{"class":99},[48,159565,21164],{"class":62},[48,159567,159568],{"class":4445},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159570,168],{},[39,159572,159574],{"className":41,"code":159573,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159575,159576,159580,159592],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159577,159578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159579,71775],{"class":99},[48,159581,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159583,151],{"class":62},[48,159585,16483],{"class":99},[48,159587,87],{"class":62},[48,159589,8564],{"class":99},[48,159591,162],{"class":62},[48,159593,159594],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159595,380],{"class":62},[20,159597,159598],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[39,159600,159602],{"className":41,"code":159601,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159603,159604,159624,159628],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159605,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159607,2232],{"class":54},[48,159609,59],{"class":58},[48,159611,330],{"class":62},[48,159613,3114],{"class":99},[48,159615,87],{"class":62},[48,159617,2506],{"class":99},[48,159619,87],{"class":62},[48,159621,8564],{"class":99},[48,159623,162],{"class":62},[48,159625,159626],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159627,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159629,159630,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159631,276],{"class":147},[48,159633,151],{"class":62},[48,159635,2411],{"class":137},[48,159637,682],{"class":62},[48,159639,2921],{"class":99},[48,159641,4670],{"class":62},[20,159643,159644,159645,159647,159648,134],{},"This raises an ",[15,159646,71282],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[348,159649,155385],{"href":159650},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[34,159652,15905],{"id":77693},[20,159654,159655],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[209,159657,159658,159661,159663,159666],{},[212,159659,159660],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[212,159662,61242],{},[212,159664,159665],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[212,159667,159668,159669],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159670,2904],{},[20,159672,159673],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1752,159675,159677],{"id":159676},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[39,159679,159680],{"className":41,"code":158480,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,159681,159682,159710,159714],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159683,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704,159706,159708],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159685,2232],{"class":54},[48,159687,59],{"class":58},[48,159689,330],{"class":62},[48,159691,3114],{"class":99},[48,159693,87],{"class":62},[48,159695,2506],{"class":99},[48,159697,87],{"class":62},[48,159699,8564],{"class":99},[48,159701,87],{"class":62},[48,159703,51390],{"class":99},[48,159705,87],{"class":62},[48,159707,5859],{"class":99},[48,159709,162],{"class":62},[48,159711,159712],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159713,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159715,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159717,276],{"class":147},[48,159719,151],{"class":62},[48,159721,2411],{"class":137},[48,159723,682],{"class":62},[48,159725,3770],{"class":99},[48,159727,76],{"class":62},[48,159729,3288],{"class":99},[48,159731,4670],{"class":62},[20,159733,168],{},[39,159735,159736],{"className":41,"code":158537,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,159737,159738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159739,159740,159742,159744,159746,159748,159750,159752],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159741,151],{"class":62},[48,159743,16483],{"class":99},[48,159745,87],{"class":62},[48,159747,8564],{"class":99},[48,159749,87],{"class":62},[48,159751,51390],{"class":99},[48,159753,162],{"class":62},[20,159755,132964,159756,159758],{},[15,159757,3288],{}," is not included.",[1752,159760,159762],{"id":159761},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159764,5307],{},[39,159766,159768],{"className":41,"code":159767,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159769,159770,159794,159798],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159771,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159773,2232],{"class":54},[48,159775,59],{"class":58},[48,159777,330],{"class":62},[48,159779,3114],{"class":99},[48,159781,87],{"class":62},[48,159783,2506],{"class":99},[48,159785,87],{"class":62},[48,159787,8564],{"class":99},[48,159789,87],{"class":62},[48,159791,51390],{"class":99},[48,159793,162],{"class":62},[48,159795,159796],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159797,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159799,159800],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159801,159802],{"class":4445},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159804,159805],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[39,159807,159808],{"className":41,"code":155465,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,159809,159810,159834,159838],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159811,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159813,2232],{"class":54},[48,159815,59],{"class":58},[48,159817,330],{"class":62},[48,159819,3114],{"class":99},[48,159821,87],{"class":62},[48,159823,2506],{"class":99},[48,159825,87],{"class":62},[48,159827,8564],{"class":99},[48,159829,87],{"class":62},[48,159831,51390],{"class":99},[48,159833,162],{"class":62},[48,159835,159836],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159837,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159839,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159841,276],{"class":147},[48,159843,151],{"class":62},[48,159845,2411],{"class":137},[48,159847,682],{"class":62},[48,159849,3770],{"class":99},[48,159851,76],{"class":62},[48,159853,2848],{"class":99},[48,159855,4670],{"class":62},[1752,159857,159859],{"id":159858},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[39,159861,159863],{"className":41,"code":159862,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159864,159865,159889,159893,159908,159912,159923],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159866,159867,159869,159871,159873,159875,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885,159887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159868,2232],{"class":54},[48,159870,59],{"class":58},[48,159872,330],{"class":62},[48,159874,3114],{"class":99},[48,159876,87],{"class":62},[48,159878,2506],{"class":99},[48,159880,87],{"class":62},[48,159882,8564],{"class":99},[48,159884,87],{"class":62},[48,159886,51390],{"class":99},[48,159888,162],{"class":62},[48,159890,159891],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159892,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159894,159895,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,159896,159897],{"class":54},"slice_result ",[48,159899,59],{"class":58},[48,159901,2292],{"class":54},[48,159903,76086],{"class":62},[48,159905,2842],{"class":99},[48,159907,1465],{"class":62},[48,159909,159910],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,159911,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,159913,159914,159916,159918,159921],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,159915,276],{"class":147},[48,159917,151],{"class":62},[48,159919,159920],{"class":137},"slice_result",[48,159922,162],{"class":62},[48,159924,159925,159927,159929,159931],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,159926,276],{"class":147},[48,159928,151],{"class":62},[48,159930,2411],{"class":137},[48,159932,162],{"class":62},[20,159934,168],{},[39,159936,159938],{"className":41,"code":159937,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159939,159940,159952],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159941,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159943,151],{"class":62},[48,159945,3114],{"class":99},[48,159947,87],{"class":62},[48,159949,2506],{"class":99},[48,159951,162],{"class":62},[48,159953,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968,159970],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,159955,151],{"class":62},[48,159957,3114],{"class":99},[48,159959,87],{"class":62},[48,159961,2506],{"class":99},[48,159963,87],{"class":62},[48,159965,8564],{"class":99},[48,159967,87],{"class":62},[48,159969,51390],{"class":99},[48,159971,162],{"class":62},[20,159973,159974],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[34,159976,114278],{"id":114277},[20,159978,159979],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[209,159981,159982,159985,159988,159994,159997],{},[212,159983,159984],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[212,159986,159987],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[212,159989,159990,159991],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159992,159993],{},"tuple[::0]",[212,159995,159996],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[212,159998,159999],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,160001,160002],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[39,160004,160006],{"className":41,"code":160005,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,160007,160008,160018,160036,160058],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160009,160010,160012,160014,160016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160011,276],{"class":147},[48,160013,151],{"class":62},[48,160015,148558],{"class":137},[48,160017,162],{"class":62},[48,160019,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160021,276],{"class":147},[48,160023,151],{"class":62},[48,160025,148558],{"class":137},[48,160027,682],{"class":62},[48,160029,3770],{"class":99},[48,160031,76],{"class":62},[48,160033,3288],{"class":99},[48,160035,4670],{"class":62},[48,160037,160038,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048,160050,160052,160054,160056],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,160039,276],{"class":147},[48,160041,151],{"class":62},[48,160043,2094],{"class":281},[48,160045,151],{"class":62},[48,160047,148558],{"class":137},[48,160049,682],{"class":62},[48,160051,3770],{"class":99},[48,160053,76],{"class":62},[48,160055,3288],{"class":99},[48,160057,3781],{"class":62},[48,160059,160060,160062,160064,160066,160068,160070],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,160061,276],{"class":147},[48,160063,151],{"class":62},[48,160065,11914],{"class":147},[48,160067,151],{"class":62},[48,160069,148558],{"class":137},[48,160071,670],{"class":62},[20,160073,11923],{},[209,160075,160076,160078,160081,160084],{},[212,160077,155772],{},[212,160079,160080],{},"what the slice actually returns",[212,160082,160083],{},"that the result is a tuple",[212,160085,160086],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[34,160088,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,160090,160092],{"id":160091},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,160094,160095],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1752,160097,160099],{"id":160098},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,160101,160102],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1752,160104,5920,160106,40502],{"id":160105},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,160107,158925],{},[20,160109,160110],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1752,160112,160114,160115,2623],{"id":160113},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,160116,71282],{},[20,160118,160119,160120,134],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,160121,71282],{},[34,160123,2679],{"id":2678},[209,160125,160126,160130,160134,160138,160142],{},[212,160127,160128],{},[348,160129,156632],{"href":151519},[212,160131,160132],{},[348,160133,150213],{"href":153639},[212,160135,160136],{},[348,160137,151462],{"href":157796},[212,160139,160140],{},[348,160141,148540],{"href":158158},[212,160143,160144],{},[348,160145,155385],{"href":159650},[2711,160147,160148],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":160150},[160151,160152,160153,160154,160162,160166,160167,160172,160173,160178,160179,160187],{"id":36,"depth":106,"text":37},{"id":157958,"depth":106,"text":157959},{"id":158161,"depth":106,"text":158162},{"id":76566,"depth":106,"text":76567,"children":160155},[160156,160158,160159,160160,160161],{"id":158319,"depth":113,"text":160157},"Get the first n items",{"id":158398,"depth":113,"text":158399},{"id":158476,"depth":113,"text":158477},{"id":158558,"depth":113,"text":158559},{"id":158640,"depth":113,"text":158641},{"id":76860,"depth":106,"text":76861,"children":160163},[160164,160165],{"id":158735,"depth":113,"text":158736},{"id":158819,"depth":113,"text":158820},{"id":158908,"depth":106,"text":158909},{"id":159160,"depth":106,"text":159161,"children":160168},[160169,160170,160171],{"id":159169,"depth":113,"text":159170},{"id":159285,"depth":113,"text":159286},{"id":159393,"depth":113,"text":159394},{"id":159459,"depth":106,"text":159460},{"id":77693,"depth":106,"text":15905,"children":160174},[160175,160176,160177],{"id":159676,"depth":113,"text":159677},{"id":159761,"depth":113,"text":159762},{"id":159858,"depth":113,"text":159859},{"id":114277,"depth":106,"text":114278},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":160180},[160181,160182,160183,160185],{"id":160091,"depth":113,"text":160092},{"id":160098,"depth":113,"text":160099},{"id":160105,"depth":113,"text":160184},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":160113,"depth":113,"text":160186},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157802,"description":160188},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":160195,"title":160196,"body":160197,"description":162020,"extension":2749,"meta":162021,"navigation":109,"path":35345,"seo":162022,"stem":162023,"__hash__":162024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160198,"toc":161986},[160199,160204,160209,160213,160231,160234,160249,160255,160257,160314,160316,160348,160360,160366,160371,160374,160409,160415,160417,160420,160434,160437,160439,160462,160464,160482,160485,160501,160503,160506,160619,160621,160710,160713,160718,160724,160727,160730,160829,160831,160890,160895,160898,160967,160971,161003,161019,161024,161031,161038,161050,161052,161101,161103,161126,161132,161180,161185,161192,161200,161206,161209,161233,161236,161238,161314,161316,161341,161347,161350,161355,161359,161373,161375,161438,161440,161472,161475,161491,161493,161499,161506,161508,161527,161529,161547,161554,161559,161566,161568,161605,161608,161615,161619,161622,161680,161683,161686,161741,161743,161755,161761,161763,161767,161800,161807,161809,161872,161875,161877,161882,161896,161903,161911,161920,161929,161935,161941,161943,161983],[10,160200,4356,160202,4360],{"id":160201},"python-type-function-explained",[15,160203,3085],{},[20,160205,32852,160206,160208],{},[15,160207,3085],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,160210,63317,160211,105122],{},[15,160212,3085],{},[209,160214,160215,160218,160221,160224],{},[212,160216,160217],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[212,160219,160220],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[212,160222,160223],{},"debug confusing code",[212,160225,160226,160227],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[348,160228,160229],{"href":8986},[15,160230,3739],{},[20,160232,160233],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[39,160235,160237],{"className":41,"code":160236,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"type(object)\n",[15,160238,160239],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160240,160241,160243,160245,160247],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160242,2094],{"class":281},[48,160244,151],{"class":62},[48,160246,42942],{"class":281},[48,160248,162],{"class":62},[20,160250,160251,160252,160254],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,160253,3085],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[34,160256,4390],{"id":4389},[39,160258,160260],{"className":41,"code":160259,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160261,160262,160274,160288,160292,160300],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160263,160264,160266,160268,160270,160272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160265,8645],{"class":54},[48,160267,59],{"class":58},[48,160269,79],{"class":66},[48,160271,417],{"class":70},[48,160273,4138],{"class":66},[48,160275,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284,160286],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160277,276],{"class":147},[48,160279,151],{"class":62},[48,160281,2094],{"class":281},[48,160283,151],{"class":62},[48,160285,71],{"class":137},[48,160287,670],{"class":62},[48,160289,160290],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,160291,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,160293,160294,160296,160298],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,160295,3001],{"class":54},[48,160297,59],{"class":58},[48,160299,3370],{"class":99},[48,160301,160302,160304,160306,160308,160310,160312],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,160303,276],{"class":147},[48,160305,151],{"class":62},[48,160307,2094],{"class":281},[48,160309,151],{"class":62},[48,160311,3023],{"class":137},[48,160313,670],{"class":62},[20,160315,168],{},[39,160317,160318],{"className":41,"code":125625,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,160319,160320,160334],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160321,160322,160324,160326,160328,160330,160332],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160323,2168],{"class":58},[48,160325,2171],{"class":915},[48,160327,320],{"class":66},[48,160329,4223],{"class":70},[48,160331,311],{"class":66},[48,160333,2180],{"class":58},[48,160335,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160337,2168],{"class":58},[48,160339,2171],{"class":915},[48,160341,320],{"class":66},[48,160343,2972],{"class":70},[48,160345,311],{"class":66},[48,160347,2180],{"class":58},[20,160349,189,160350,160353,160354,5174,160357,134],{},[15,160351,160352],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160355,160356],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160358,160359],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[34,160361,13737,160363,160365],{"id":160362},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160364,3085],{}," function does",[20,160367,160368,160370],{},[15,160369,3085],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160372,160373],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[209,160375,160376,160381,160386,160391,160396,160401],{},[212,160377,160378,160380],{},[15,160379,4223],{}," for text",[212,160382,160383,160385],{},[15,160384,2972],{}," for whole numbers",[212,160387,160388,160390],{},[15,160389,2976],{}," for decimal numbers",[212,160392,160393,160395],{},[15,160394,282],{}," for lists",[212,160397,160398,160400],{},[15,160399,9588],{}," for dictionaries",[212,160402,160403,69646,160405,5174,160407],{},[15,160404,4650],{},[15,160406,4385],{},[15,160408,4456],{},[20,160410,160411,160412,160414],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160413,3085],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[34,160416,360],{"id":359},[20,160418,160419],{},"The main beginner form is:",[39,160421,160422],{"className":41,"code":160236,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,160423,160424],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160425,160426,160428,160430,160432],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160427,2094],{"class":281},[48,160429,151],{"class":62},[48,160431,42942],{"class":281},[48,160433,162],{"class":62},[20,160435,160436],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160438,226],{},[39,160440,160442],{"className":41,"code":160441,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160443,160444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160445,160446,160448,160450,160452,160454,160456,160458,160460],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160447,276],{"class":147},[48,160449,151],{"class":62},[48,160451,2094],{"class":281},[48,160453,151],{"class":62},[48,160455,67],{"class":66},[48,160457,4628],{"class":70},[48,160459,67],{"class":66},[48,160461,670],{"class":62},[20,160463,168],{},[39,160465,160466],{"className":41,"code":46315,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,160467,160468],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160469,160470,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160471,2168],{"class":58},[48,160473,2171],{"class":915},[48,160475,320],{"class":66},[48,160477,4223],{"class":70},[48,160479,311],{"class":66},[48,160481,2180],{"class":58},[20,160483,160484],{},"You can pass either:",[209,160486,160487,160494],{},[212,160488,160489,160490,352,160492],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160491,65085],{},[15,160493,47071],{},[212,160495,160496,160497,352,160499],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160498,71],{},[15,160500,92],{},[34,160502,122437],{"id":122436},[20,160504,160505],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[39,160507,160509],{"className":41,"code":160508,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160510,160511,160529,160543,160557,160579,160605],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160512,160513,160515,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160514,276],{"class":147},[48,160516,151],{"class":62},[48,160518,2094],{"class":281},[48,160520,151],{"class":62},[48,160522,67],{"class":66},[48,160524,4628],{"class":70},[48,160526,67],{"class":66},[48,160528,670],{"class":62},[48,160530,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160532,276],{"class":147},[48,160534,151],{"class":62},[48,160536,2094],{"class":281},[48,160538,151],{"class":62},[48,160540,3114],{"class":99},[48,160542,670],{"class":62},[48,160544,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,160546,276],{"class":147},[48,160548,151],{"class":62},[48,160550,2094],{"class":281},[48,160552,151],{"class":62},[48,160554,40685],{"class":99},[48,160556,670],{"class":62},[48,160558,160559,160561,160563,160565,160567,160569,160571,160573,160575,160577],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,160560,276],{"class":147},[48,160562,151],{"class":62},[48,160564,2094],{"class":281},[48,160566,3767],{"class":62},[48,160568,3770],{"class":99},[48,160570,87],{"class":62},[48,160572,632],{"class":99},[48,160574,87],{"class":62},[48,160576,800],{"class":99},[48,160578,3781],{"class":62},[48,160580,160581,160583,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,160582,276],{"class":147},[48,160584,151],{"class":62},[48,160586,2094],{"class":281},[48,160588,6306],{"class":62},[48,160590,67],{"class":66},[48,160592,71],{"class":70},[48,160594,67],{"class":66},[48,160596,76],{"class":62},[48,160598,79],{"class":66},[48,160600,417],{"class":70},[48,160602,67],{"class":66},[48,160604,6315],{"class":62},[48,160606,160607,160609,160611,160613,160615,160617],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,160608,276],{"class":147},[48,160610,151],{"class":62},[48,160612,2094],{"class":281},[48,160614,151],{"class":62},[48,160616,4385],{"class":1642},[48,160618,670],{"class":62},[20,160620,168],{},[39,160622,160624],{"className":41,"code":160623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160625,160626,160640,160654,160668,160682,160696],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160627,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636,160638],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160629,2168],{"class":58},[48,160631,2171],{"class":915},[48,160633,320],{"class":66},[48,160635,4223],{"class":70},[48,160637,311],{"class":66},[48,160639,2180],{"class":58},[48,160641,160642,160644,160646,160648,160650,160652],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160643,2168],{"class":58},[48,160645,2171],{"class":915},[48,160647,320],{"class":66},[48,160649,2972],{"class":70},[48,160651,311],{"class":66},[48,160653,2180],{"class":58},[48,160655,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664,160666],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,160657,2168],{"class":58},[48,160659,2171],{"class":915},[48,160661,320],{"class":66},[48,160663,2976],{"class":70},[48,160665,311],{"class":66},[48,160667,2180],{"class":58},[48,160669,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,160671,2168],{"class":58},[48,160673,2171],{"class":915},[48,160675,320],{"class":66},[48,160677,282],{"class":70},[48,160679,311],{"class":66},[48,160681,2180],{"class":58},[48,160683,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,160685,2168],{"class":58},[48,160687,2171],{"class":915},[48,160689,320],{"class":66},[48,160691,9588],{"class":70},[48,160693,311],{"class":66},[48,160695,2180],{"class":58},[48,160697,160698,160700,160702,160704,160706,160708],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,160699,2168],{"class":58},[48,160701,2171],{"class":915},[48,160703,320],{"class":66},[48,160705,4650],{"class":70},[48,160707,311],{"class":66},[48,160709,2180],{"class":58},[20,160711,160712],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160714,160715,160716,134],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[348,160717,45342],{"href":49524},[34,160719,9185,160721,160723],{"id":160720},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160722,3085],{}," with variables",[20,160725,160726],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160728,160729],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[39,160731,160733],{"className":41,"code":160732,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160734,160735,160743,160761,160765,160777,160795,160799,160811],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160736,160737,160739,160741],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160738,3231],{"class":54},[48,160740,59],{"class":58},[48,160742,3370],{"class":99},[48,160744,160745,160747,160749,160751,160753,160755,160757,160759],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160746,276],{"class":147},[48,160748,151],{"class":62},[48,160750,933],{"class":137},[48,160752,87],{"class":62},[48,160754,49936],{"class":281},[48,160756,151],{"class":62},[48,160758,933],{"class":137},[48,160760,670],{"class":62},[48,160762,160763],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,160764,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,160766,160767,160769,160771,160773,160775],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,160768,3231],{"class":54},[48,160770,59],{"class":58},[48,160772,79],{"class":66},[48,160774,46452],{"class":70},[48,160776,4138],{"class":66},[48,160778,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787,160789,160791,160793],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,160780,276],{"class":147},[48,160782,151],{"class":62},[48,160784,933],{"class":137},[48,160786,87],{"class":62},[48,160788,49936],{"class":281},[48,160790,151],{"class":62},[48,160792,933],{"class":137},[48,160794,670],{"class":62},[48,160796,160797],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,160798,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,160800,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,160802,3231],{"class":54},[48,160804,59],{"class":58},[48,160806,4404],{"class":62},[48,160808,3114],{"class":99},[48,160810,1465],{"class":62},[48,160812,160813,160815,160817,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827],{"class":50,"line":706},[48,160814,276],{"class":147},[48,160816,151],{"class":62},[48,160818,933],{"class":137},[48,160820,87],{"class":62},[48,160822,49936],{"class":281},[48,160824,151],{"class":62},[48,160826,933],{"class":137},[48,160828,670],{"class":62},[20,160830,168],{},[39,160832,160834],{"className":41,"code":160833,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160835,160836,160853,160870],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160837,160838,160840,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160839,3114],{"class":99},[48,160841,160842],{"class":58}," \u003C",[48,160844,2171],{"class":915},[48,160846,320],{"class":66},[48,160848,2972],{"class":70},[48,160850,311],{"class":66},[48,160852,2180],{"class":58},[48,160854,160855,160858,160860,160862,160864,160866,160868],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160856,160857],{"class":54},"ten ",[48,160859,2168],{"class":58},[48,160861,2171],{"class":915},[48,160863,320],{"class":66},[48,160865,4223],{"class":70},[48,160867,311],{"class":66},[48,160869,2180],{"class":58},[48,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882,160884,160886,160888],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,160873,682],{"class":62},[48,160875,3114],{"class":99},[48,160877,692],{"class":62},[48,160879,160842],{"class":58},[48,160881,2171],{"class":915},[48,160883,320],{"class":66},[48,160885,282],{"class":70},[48,160887,311],{"class":66},[48,160889,2180],{"class":58},[20,160891,160892,160894],{},[15,160893,3085],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160896,160897],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[39,160899,160901],{"className":41,"code":160900,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160902,160903,160921,160935,160939,160953],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160904,160905,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160917,160919],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160906,4171],{"class":54},[48,160908,59],{"class":58},[48,160910,9009],{"class":147},[48,160912,151],{"class":62},[48,160914,67],{"class":66},[48,160916,42414],{"class":70},[48,160918,67],{"class":66},[48,160920,162],{"class":62},[48,160922,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931,160933],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160924,276],{"class":147},[48,160926,151],{"class":62},[48,160928,2094],{"class":281},[48,160930,151],{"class":62},[48,160932,4197],{"class":137},[48,160934,670],{"class":62},[48,160936,160937],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,160938,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,160940,160941,160943,160945,160947,160949,160951],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,160942,123549],{"class":54},[48,160944,59],{"class":58},[48,160946,45821],{"class":281},[48,160948,151],{"class":62},[48,160950,4197],{"class":137},[48,160952,162],{"class":62},[48,160954,160955,160957,160959,160961,160963,160965],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,160956,276],{"class":147},[48,160958,151],{"class":62},[48,160960,2094],{"class":281},[48,160962,151],{"class":62},[48,160964,123572],{"class":137},[48,160966,670],{"class":62},[20,160968,41663,160969,41667],{},[15,160970,9959],{},[39,160972,160973],{"className":41,"code":125625,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,160974,160975,160989],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160976,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160978,2168],{"class":58},[48,160980,2171],{"class":915},[48,160982,320],{"class":66},[48,160984,4223],{"class":70},[48,160986,311],{"class":66},[48,160988,2180],{"class":58},[48,160990,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,160992,2168],{"class":58},[48,160994,2171],{"class":915},[48,160996,320],{"class":66},[48,160998,2972],{"class":70},[48,161000,311],{"class":66},[48,161002,2180],{"class":58},[20,161004,46248,161005,161009,161010,352,161014,161018],{},[348,161006,161007],{"href":8986},[15,161008,3739],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[348,161011,161012],{"href":3656},[15,161013,3659],{},[348,161015,161016],{"href":3662},[15,161017,3665],{}," if you need a number.",[20,161020,161021,161022,134],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[348,161023,9748],{"href":9747},[34,161025,161027,1306,161029],{"id":161026},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,161028,3085],{},[15,161030,45350],{},[20,161032,161033,5174,161035,161037],{},[15,161034,3085],{},[15,161036,45350],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[209,161039,161040,161045],{},[212,161041,161042,161044],{},[15,161043,3085],{}," tells you the exact type",[212,161046,161047,161049],{},[15,161048,45350],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,161051,226],{},[39,161053,161055],{"className":41,"code":161054,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161056,161057,161065,161069,161083],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161058,161059,161061,161063],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161060,3231],{"class":54},[48,161062,59],{"class":58},[48,161064,35379],{"class":99},[48,161066,161067],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161068,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,161070,161071,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,161072,276],{"class":147},[48,161074,151],{"class":62},[48,161076,2094],{"class":281},[48,161078,151],{"class":62},[48,161080,933],{"class":137},[48,161082,670],{"class":62},[48,161084,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,161086,276],{"class":147},[48,161088,151],{"class":62},[48,161090,49421],{"class":147},[48,161092,151],{"class":62},[48,161094,933],{"class":137},[48,161096,87],{"class":62},[48,161098,45821],{"class":281},[48,161100,670],{"class":62},[20,161102,168],{},[39,161104,161106],{"className":41,"code":161105,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,161107,161108,161122],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161109,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161111,2168],{"class":58},[48,161113,2171],{"class":915},[48,161115,320],{"class":66},[48,161117,2972],{"class":70},[48,161119,311],{"class":66},[48,161121,2180],{"class":58},[48,161123,161124],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161125,4761],{"class":1642},[20,161127,161128,161129,161131],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,161130,45350],{}," is more practical.",[39,161133,161135],{"className":41,"code":161134,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,161136,161137,161145,161149,161165],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161138,161139,161141,161143],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161140,3231],{"class":54},[48,161142,59],{"class":58},[48,161144,35379],{"class":99},[48,161146,161147],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161148,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,161150,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,161152,7767],{"class":116},[48,161154,50159],{"class":147},[48,161156,151],{"class":62},[48,161158,933],{"class":137},[48,161160,87],{"class":62},[48,161162,45821],{"class":281},[48,161164,9109],{"class":62},[48,161166,161167,161169,161171,161173,161176,161178],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,161168,148],{"class":147},[48,161170,151],{"class":62},[48,161172,67],{"class":66},[48,161174,161175],{"class":70},"This is an integer",[48,161177,67],{"class":66},[48,161179,162],{"class":62},[20,161181,189,161182,161184],{},[15,161183,3085],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,161186,189,161187,161189,161190,7942],{},[15,161188,45350],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,161191,7767],{},[20,161193,161194,161195,134],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[348,161196,4356,161198,4289],{"href":161197},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,161199,45350],{},[34,161201,161203,161204],{"id":161202},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,161205,3085],{},[20,161207,161208],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[39,161210,161212],{"className":41,"code":161211,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,161213,161214],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161215,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224,161227,161229,161231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161217,2094],{"class":281},[48,161219,151],{"class":62},[48,161221,71],{"class":137},[48,161223,87],{"class":62},[48,161225,161226],{"class":137}," bases",[48,161228,87],{"class":62},[48,161230,9936],{"class":281},[48,161232,162],{"class":62},[20,161234,161235],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,161237,226],{},[39,161239,161241],{"className":41,"code":161240,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,161242,161243,161286,161290,161300],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161244,161245,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256,161259,161261,161263,161266,161268,161270,161273,161275,161277,161279,161282,161284],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161246,161247],{"class":54},"Person ",[48,161249,59],{"class":58},[48,161251,49936],{"class":281},[48,161253,151],{"class":62},[48,161255,67],{"class":66},[48,161257,161258],{"class":70},"Person",[48,161260,67],{"class":66},[48,161262,87],{"class":62},[48,161264,161265],{"class":62}," (),",[48,161267,63],{"class":62},[48,161269,67],{"class":66},[48,161271,161272],{"class":70},"species",[48,161274,67],{"class":66},[48,161276,76],{"class":62},[48,161278,79],{"class":66},[48,161280,161281],{"class":70},"human",[48,161283,67],{"class":66},[48,161285,31030],{"class":62},[48,161287,161288],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161289,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,161291,161292,161294,161296,161298],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,161293,276],{"class":147},[48,161295,151],{"class":62},[48,161297,161258],{"class":137},[48,161299,162],{"class":62},[48,161301,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,161303,276],{"class":147},[48,161305,151],{"class":62},[48,161307,161258],{"class":137},[48,161309,134],{"class":62},[48,161311,161272],{"class":25281},[48,161313,162],{"class":62},[20,161315,168],{},[39,161317,161319],{"className":41,"code":161318,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161320,161321,161336],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161322,161323,161325,161327,161329,161332,161334],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161324,2168],{"class":58},[48,161326,2171],{"class":915},[48,161328,320],{"class":66},[48,161330,161331],{"class":70},"__main__.Person",[48,161333,311],{"class":66},[48,161335,2180],{"class":58},[48,161337,161338],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161339,161340],{"class":54},"human\n",[20,161342,161343,161344,161346],{},"Most beginners do ",[166,161345,5413],{}," need this form.",[20,161348,161349],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[34,161351,1545,161353],{"id":161352},"when-to-use-type",[15,161354,3085],{},[20,161356,161357,13190],{},[15,161358,3085],{},[209,161360,161361,161364,161367,161370],{},[212,161362,161363],{},"debug unexpected values",[212,161365,161366],{},"check what a conversion produced",[212,161368,161369],{},"learn Python data types",[212,161371,161372],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161374,6249],{},[39,161376,161378],{"className":41,"code":161377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161379,161380,161392,161406,161410,161424],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161381,161382,161384,161386,161388,161390],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161383,35224],{"class":54},[48,161385,59],{"class":58},[48,161387,79],{"class":66},[48,161389,50792],{"class":70},[48,161391,4138],{"class":66},[48,161393,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161395,3001],{"class":54},[48,161397,59],{"class":58},[48,161399,45821],{"class":281},[48,161401,151],{"class":62},[48,161403,35245],{"class":137},[48,161405,162],{"class":62},[48,161407,161408],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,161409,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,161411,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,161413,276],{"class":147},[48,161415,151],{"class":62},[48,161417,2094],{"class":281},[48,161419,151],{"class":62},[48,161421,35245],{"class":137},[48,161423,670],{"class":62},[48,161425,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,161427,276],{"class":147},[48,161429,151],{"class":62},[48,161431,2094],{"class":281},[48,161433,151],{"class":62},[48,161435,3023],{"class":137},[48,161437,670],{"class":62},[20,161439,168],{},[39,161441,161442],{"className":41,"code":125625,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,161443,161444,161458],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161445,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161447,2168],{"class":58},[48,161449,2171],{"class":915},[48,161451,320],{"class":66},[48,161453,4223],{"class":70},[48,161455,311],{"class":66},[48,161457,2180],{"class":58},[48,161459,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161461,2168],{"class":58},[48,161463,2171],{"class":915},[48,161465,320],{"class":66},[48,161467,2972],{"class":70},[48,161469,311],{"class":66},[48,161471,2180],{"class":58},[20,161473,161474],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161476,161477,161478,2973,161482,17798,161486,161490],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[348,161479,161480],{"href":42718},[15,161481,48229],{},[348,161483,161484],{"href":3656},[15,161485,3659],{},[348,161487,161488],{"href":3662},[15,161489,3665],{}," are often the next step.",[34,161492,25889],{"id":25888},[20,161494,161495,161496,161498],{},"A few things about ",[15,161497,3085],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1752,161500,161502,161505],{"id":161501},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161503,161504],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161507,65194],{},[39,161509,161511],{"className":41,"code":161510,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161512,161513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161514,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161516,276],{"class":147},[48,161518,151],{"class":62},[48,161520,2094],{"class":281},[48,161522,151],{"class":62},[48,161524,2921],{"class":99},[48,161526,670],{"class":62},[20,161528,123468],{},[39,161530,161531],{"className":41,"code":156980,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,161532,161533],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161534,161535,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161536,2168],{"class":58},[48,161538,2171],{"class":915},[48,161540,320],{"class":66},[48,161542,2972],{"class":70},[48,161544,311],{"class":66},[48,161546,2180],{"class":58},[20,161548,41448,161549,161551,161552,134],{},[166,161550,5413],{}," print just ",[15,161553,2972],{},[20,161555,7447,161556,161558],{},[15,161557,3085],{}," returns a class object.",[1752,161560,161562,3181,161564],{"id":161561},"input-returns-str",[15,161563,3739],{},[15,161565,4223],{},[20,161567,80093],{},[39,161569,161571],{"className":41,"code":161570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161572,161573,161591],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161574,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161576,3231],{"class":54},[48,161578,59],{"class":58},[48,161580,9009],{"class":147},[48,161582,151],{"class":62},[48,161584,67],{"class":66},[48,161586,46855],{"class":70},[48,161588,67],{"class":66},[48,161590,162],{"class":62},[48,161592,161593,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161594,276],{"class":147},[48,161596,151],{"class":62},[48,161598,2094],{"class":281},[48,161600,151],{"class":62},[48,161602,933],{"class":137},[48,161604,670],{"class":62},[20,161606,161607],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161609,161610,161611,352,161613,134],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161612,3659],{},[15,161614,3665],{},[1752,161616,161618],{"id":161617},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161620,161621],{},"Avoid code like this:",[39,161623,161625],{"className":41,"code":161624,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161626,161627,161635,161639,161665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161628,161629,161631,161633],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161630,3231],{"class":54},[48,161632,59],{"class":58},[48,161634,35379],{"class":99},[48,161636,161637],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161638,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,161640,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,161642,7767],{"class":116},[48,161644,49450],{"class":281},[48,161646,151],{"class":62},[48,161648,2094],{"class":281},[48,161650,151],{"class":62},[48,161652,933],{"class":137},[48,161654,6139],{"class":62},[48,161656,7181],{"class":58},[48,161658,79],{"class":66},[48,161660,160359],{"class":70},[48,161662,67],{"class":66},[48,161664,1053],{"class":62},[48,161666,161667,161669,161671,161673,161676,161678],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,161668,148],{"class":147},[48,161670,151],{"class":62},[48,161672,67],{"class":66},[48,161674,161675],{"class":70},"It is an int",[48,161677,67],{"class":66},[48,161679,162],{"class":62},[20,161681,161682],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161684,161685],{},"Better options:",[39,161687,161689],{"className":41,"code":161688,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161690,161691,161699,161703,161723],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161692,161693,161695,161697],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161694,3231],{"class":54},[48,161696,59],{"class":58},[48,161698,35379],{"class":99},[48,161700,161701],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161702,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,161704,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,161706,276],{"class":147},[48,161708,151],{"class":62},[48,161710,2094],{"class":281},[48,161712,151],{"class":62},[48,161714,933],{"class":137},[48,161716,4442],{"class":62},[48,161718,7181],{"class":58},[48,161720,45821],{"class":281},[48,161722,162],{"class":62},[48,161724,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,161726,276],{"class":147},[48,161728,151],{"class":62},[48,161730,49421],{"class":147},[48,161732,151],{"class":62},[48,161734,933],{"class":137},[48,161736,87],{"class":62},[48,161738,45821],{"class":281},[48,161740,670],{"class":62},[20,161742,168],{},[39,161744,161745],{"className":41,"code":5286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,161746,161747,161751],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161748,161749],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161750,4761],{"class":1642},[48,161752,161753],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161754,4761],{"class":1642},[20,161756,161757,161758,161760],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161759,45350],{}," is the more useful check.",[34,161762,1745],{"id":1744},[20,161764,15463,161765,76],{},[15,161766,3085],{},[209,161768,161769,161779,161788,161797],{},[212,161770,9185,161771,161773,161774,161778],{},[15,161772,3085],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[348,161775,161776],{"href":8986},[15,161777,3739],{}," always returns a string",[212,161780,2015,161781,161783,161784,11844,161786],{},[15,161782,3085],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161785,2972],{},[15,161787,160359],{},[212,161789,9185,161790,45174,161793,161796],{},[15,161791,161792],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161794,161795],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[212,161798,161799],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161801,161802,161803,134],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[348,161804,161806],{"href":161805},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161808,145134],{},[39,161810,161812],{"className":41,"code":161811,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161813,161814,161828,161838,161852,161862],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161815,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161817,276],{"class":147},[48,161819,151],{"class":62},[48,161821,2094],{"class":281},[48,161823,151],{"class":62},[48,161825,933],{"class":137},[48,161827,670],{"class":62},[48,161829,161830,161832,161834,161836],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,161831,276],{"class":147},[48,161833,151],{"class":62},[48,161835,933],{"class":137},[48,161837,162],{"class":62},[48,161839,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,161841,276],{"class":147},[48,161843,151],{"class":62},[48,161845,42322],{"class":147},[48,161847,151],{"class":62},[48,161849,933],{"class":137},[48,161851,670],{"class":62},[48,161853,161854,161856,161858,161860],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,161855,32687],{"class":147},[48,161857,151],{"class":62},[48,161859,2094],{"class":281},[48,161861,162],{"class":62},[48,161863,161864,161866,161868,161870],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,161865,34908],{"class":147},[48,161867,151],{"class":62},[48,161869,933],{"class":137},[48,161871,162],{"class":62},[20,161873,161874],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[34,161876,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,161878,5920,161880,2596],{"id":161879},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161881,3085],{},[20,161883,161884,161885,2973,161887,2973,161889,2977,161891,161893,161894,134],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161886,4223],{},[15,161888,2972],{},[15,161890,282],{},[15,161892,9588],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161895,160356],{},[1752,161897,15632,161899,57754,161901,2623],{"id":161898},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161900,3085],{},[15,161902,45350],{},[20,161904,46910,161905,161907,161908,161910],{},[15,161906,3085],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161909,45350],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1752,161912,5935,161914,161917,161918,2623],{"id":161913},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161915,161916],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161919,4223],{},[20,161921,29594,161922,161924,161925,352,161927,161018],{},[15,161923,3739],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161926,3659],{},[15,161928,3665],{},[1752,161930,5947,161932,161934],{"id":161931},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161933,3085],{}," create classes?",[20,161936,161937,161938,134],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161939,161940],{},"type(object)",[34,161942,2679],{"id":2678},[209,161944,161945,161949,161955,161961,161965,161971,161977],{},[212,161946,161947],{},[348,161948,45342],{"href":49524},[212,161950,161951],{},[348,161952,4356,161953,4289],{"href":161197},[15,161954,45350],{},[212,161956,161957],{},[348,161958,4356,161959,4289],{"href":8986},[15,161960,3739],{},[212,161962,161963],{},[348,161964,9825],{"href":9747},[212,161966,161967],{},[348,161968,4356,161969,4289],{"href":3656},[15,161970,3659],{},[212,161972,161973],{},[348,161974,4356,161975,4289],{"href":3662},[15,161976,3665],{},[212,161978,161979],{},[348,161980,4356,161981,4289],{"href":42718},[15,161982,48229],{},[2711,161984,161985],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":161987},[161988,161989,161991,161992,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162008,162009,162019],{"id":4389,"depth":106,"text":4390},{"id":160362,"depth":106,"text":161990},"What the type() function does",{"id":359,"depth":106,"text":360},{"id":122436,"depth":106,"text":122437},{"id":160720,"depth":106,"text":161994},"Using type() with variables",{"id":161026,"depth":106,"text":161996},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161202,"depth":106,"text":161998},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161352,"depth":106,"text":162000},"When to use type()",{"id":25888,"depth":106,"text":25889,"children":162002},[162003,162005,162007],{"id":161501,"depth":113,"text":162004},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161561,"depth":113,"text":162006},"input() returns str",{"id":161617,"depth":113,"text":161618},{"id":1744,"depth":106,"text":1745},{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":162010},[162011,162013,162015,162017],{"id":161879,"depth":113,"text":162012},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161898,"depth":113,"text":162014},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161913,"depth":113,"text":162016},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161931,"depth":113,"text":162018},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":160196,"description":162020},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":162026,"title":162027,"body":162028,"description":164507,"extension":2749,"meta":164508,"navigation":109,"path":164509,"seo":164510,"stem":164511,"__hash__":164512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":162029,"toc":164464},[162030,162035,162040,162049,162051,162151,162153,162178,162183,162188,162204,162207,162209,162211,162236,162239,162242,162325,162327,162376,162379,162501,162503,162576,162580,162583,162697,162699,162725,162727,162748,162753,162757,162762,162765,162869,162871,162888,162897,162900,162987,162989,163000,163005,163011,163016,163022,163025,163118,163120,163169,163175,163178,163279,163281,163334,163339,163343,163346,163445,163447,163486,163489,163494,163496,163501,163505,163618,163622,163719,163723,163811,163813,163830,163834,163957,163963,163969,163975,163980,163983,164010,164014,164016,164110,164113,164117,164120,164207,164210,164245,164247,164284,164287,164295,164300,164305,164379,164386,164388,164393,164396,164402,164405,164411,164416,164422,164427,164431,164434,164436,164461],[10,162031,4356,162033,4360],{"id":162032},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,162034,64870],{},[20,162036,162037,162039],{},[15,162038,64870],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,162041,162042,162043,162045,162046,162048],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,162044,64870],{}," inside a ",[15,162047,117],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[34,162050,37],{"id":36},[39,162052,162054],{"className":41,"code":162053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162055,162056,162088,162108,162112,162137],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162057,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162059,5776],{"class":54},[48,162061,59],{"class":58},[48,162063,4404],{"class":62},[48,162065,67],{"class":66},[48,162067,82],{"class":70},[48,162069,67],{"class":66},[48,162071,87],{"class":62},[48,162073,79],{"class":66},[48,162075,36479],{"class":70},[48,162077,67],{"class":66},[48,162079,87],{"class":62},[48,162081,79],{"class":66},[48,162083,36488],{"class":70},[48,162085,67],{"class":66},[48,162087,1465],{"class":62},[48,162089,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162091,408],{"class":54},[48,162093,59],{"class":58},[48,162095,4404],{"class":62},[48,162097,14237],{"class":99},[48,162099,87],{"class":62},[48,162101,438],{"class":99},[48,162103,87],{"class":62},[48,162105,29453],{"class":99},[48,162107,1465],{"class":62},[48,162109,162110],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,162111,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,162113,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,162115,117],{"class":116},[48,162117,36530],{"class":54},[48,162119,87],{"class":62},[48,162121,5884],{"class":54},[48,162123,128],{"class":116},[48,162125,162126],{"class":147}," zip",[48,162128,151],{"class":62},[48,162130,5818],{"class":137},[48,162132,87],{"class":62},[48,162134,454],{"class":137},[48,162136,9109],{"class":62},[48,162138,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,162140,148],{"class":147},[48,162142,151],{"class":62},[48,162144,71],{"class":137},[48,162146,87],{"class":62},[48,162148,131414],{"class":137},[48,162150,162],{"class":62},[20,162152,168],{},[39,162154,162156],{"className":41,"code":162155,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,162157,162158,162164,162171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162159,162160,162162],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162161,134433],{"class":54},[48,162163,33671],{"class":99},[48,162165,162166,162169],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162167,162168],{"class":54},"Ben ",[48,162170,33676],{"class":99},[48,162172,162173,162176],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,162174,162175],{"class":54},"Cara ",[48,162177,33681],{"class":99},[20,162179,189,162180,162182],{},[15,162181,64870],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[34,162184,196,162186,199],{"id":162185},"what-zip-does",[15,162187,64870],{},[209,162189,162190,162195,162198,162201],{},[212,162191,162192,162194],{},[15,162193,64870],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[212,162196,162197],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[212,162199,162200],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[212,162202,162203],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,162205,162206],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[34,162208,360],{"id":359},[20,162210,7987],{},[39,162212,162214],{"className":41,"code":162213,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,162215,162216],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162217,162218,162220,162222,162225,162227,162230,162232,162234],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162219,64940],{"class":147},[48,162221,151],{"class":62},[48,162223,162224],{"class":137},"iterable1",[48,162226,87],{"class":62},[48,162228,162229],{"class":137}," iterable2",[48,162231,87],{"class":62},[48,162233,34990],{"class":147},[48,162235,162],{"class":62},[20,162237,162238],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,162240,162241],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[39,162243,162245],{"className":41,"code":162244,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,162246,162247,162267,162299,162303],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162248,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162250,2232],{"class":54},[48,162252,59],{"class":58},[48,162254,4404],{"class":62},[48,162256,3770],{"class":99},[48,162258,87],{"class":62},[48,162260,632],{"class":99},[48,162262,87],{"class":62},[48,162264,800],{"class":99},[48,162266,1465],{"class":62},[48,162268,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162270,36629],{"class":54},[48,162272,59],{"class":58},[48,162274,4404],{"class":62},[48,162276,67],{"class":66},[48,162278,348],{"class":70},[48,162280,67],{"class":66},[48,162282,87],{"class":62},[48,162284,79],{"class":66},[48,162286,2059],{"class":70},[48,162288,67],{"class":66},[48,162290,87],{"class":62},[48,162292,79],{"class":66},[48,162294,2265],{"class":70},[48,162296,67],{"class":66},[48,162298,1465],{"class":62},[48,162300,162301],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,162302,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,162304,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,162306,276],{"class":147},[48,162308,151],{"class":62},[48,162310,282],{"class":281},[48,162312,151],{"class":62},[48,162314,64940],{"class":147},[48,162316,151],{"class":62},[48,162318,2411],{"class":137},[48,162320,87],{"class":62},[48,162322,70647],{"class":137},[48,162324,3693],{"class":62},[20,162326,168],{},[39,162328,162330],{"className":41,"code":162329,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162331,162332],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162333,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162335,308],{"class":62},[48,162337,3770],{"class":99},[48,162339,87],{"class":62},[48,162341,320],{"class":66},[48,162343,348],{"class":70},[48,162345,311],{"class":66},[48,162347,327],{"class":62},[48,162349,330],{"class":62},[48,162351,2842],{"class":99},[48,162353,87],{"class":62},[48,162355,320],{"class":66},[48,162357,2059],{"class":70},[48,162359,311],{"class":66},[48,162361,327],{"class":62},[48,162363,330],{"class":62},[48,162365,2848],{"class":99},[48,162367,87],{"class":62},[48,162369,320],{"class":66},[48,162371,2265],{"class":70},[48,162373,311],{"class":66},[48,162375,343],{"class":62},[20,162377,162378],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[39,162380,162382],{"className":41,"code":162381,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162383,162384,162416,162436,162470,162474],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162385,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162387,5776],{"class":54},[48,162389,59],{"class":58},[48,162391,4404],{"class":62},[48,162393,67],{"class":66},[48,162395,82],{"class":70},[48,162397,67],{"class":66},[48,162399,87],{"class":62},[48,162401,79],{"class":66},[48,162403,36479],{"class":70},[48,162405,67],{"class":66},[48,162407,87],{"class":62},[48,162409,79],{"class":66},[48,162411,36488],{"class":70},[48,162413,67],{"class":66},[48,162415,1465],{"class":62},[48,162417,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162419,408],{"class":54},[48,162421,59],{"class":58},[48,162423,4404],{"class":62},[48,162425,14237],{"class":99},[48,162427,87],{"class":62},[48,162429,438],{"class":99},[48,162431,87],{"class":62},[48,162433,29453],{"class":99},[48,162435,1465],{"class":62},[48,162437,162438,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162466,162468],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,162439,162440],{"class":54},"grades ",[48,162442,59],{"class":58},[48,162444,4404],{"class":62},[48,162446,67],{"class":66},[48,162448,864],{"class":70},[48,162450,67],{"class":66},[48,162452,87],{"class":62},[48,162454,79],{"class":66},[48,162456,31134],{"class":70},[48,162458,67],{"class":66},[48,162460,87],{"class":62},[48,162462,79],{"class":66},[48,162464,162465],{"class":70},"B+",[48,162467,67],{"class":66},[48,162469,1465],{"class":62},[48,162471,162472],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,162473,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,162475,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162499],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,162477,276],{"class":147},[48,162479,151],{"class":62},[48,162481,282],{"class":281},[48,162483,151],{"class":62},[48,162485,64940],{"class":147},[48,162487,151],{"class":62},[48,162489,5818],{"class":137},[48,162491,87],{"class":62},[48,162493,454],{"class":137},[48,162495,87],{"class":62},[48,162497,162498],{"class":137}," grades",[48,162500,3693],{"class":62},[20,162502,168],{},[39,162504,162506],{"className":41,"code":162505,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162507,162508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162509,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162511,308],{"class":62},[48,162513,311],{"class":66},[48,162515,82],{"class":70},[48,162517,311],{"class":66},[48,162519,87],{"class":62},[48,162521,424],{"class":99},[48,162523,87],{"class":62},[48,162525,320],{"class":66},[48,162527,864],{"class":70},[48,162529,311],{"class":66},[48,162531,327],{"class":62},[48,162533,330],{"class":62},[48,162535,311],{"class":66},[48,162537,36479],{"class":70},[48,162539,311],{"class":66},[48,162541,87],{"class":62},[48,162543,438],{"class":99},[48,162545,87],{"class":62},[48,162547,320],{"class":66},[48,162549,31134],{"class":70},[48,162551,311],{"class":66},[48,162553,327],{"class":62},[48,162555,330],{"class":62},[48,162557,311],{"class":66},[48,162559,36488],{"class":70},[48,162561,311],{"class":66},[48,162563,87],{"class":62},[48,162565,29453],{"class":99},[48,162567,87],{"class":62},[48,162569,320],{"class":66},[48,162571,162465],{"class":70},[48,162573,311],{"class":66},[48,162575,343],{"class":62},[34,162577,162579],{"id":162578},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162581,162582],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[39,162584,162586],{"className":41,"code":162585,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162587,162588,162620,162640,162644,162668],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162589,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162591,5776],{"class":54},[48,162593,59],{"class":58},[48,162595,4404],{"class":62},[48,162597,67],{"class":66},[48,162599,82],{"class":70},[48,162601,67],{"class":66},[48,162603,87],{"class":62},[48,162605,79],{"class":66},[48,162607,36479],{"class":70},[48,162609,67],{"class":66},[48,162611,87],{"class":62},[48,162613,79],{"class":66},[48,162615,36488],{"class":70},[48,162617,67],{"class":66},[48,162619,1465],{"class":62},[48,162621,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162623,408],{"class":54},[48,162625,59],{"class":58},[48,162627,4404],{"class":62},[48,162629,14237],{"class":99},[48,162631,87],{"class":62},[48,162633,438],{"class":99},[48,162635,87],{"class":62},[48,162637,29453],{"class":99},[48,162639,1465],{"class":62},[48,162641,162642],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,162643,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,162645,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,162647,117],{"class":116},[48,162649,36530],{"class":54},[48,162651,87],{"class":62},[48,162653,5884],{"class":54},[48,162655,128],{"class":116},[48,162657,162126],{"class":147},[48,162659,151],{"class":62},[48,162661,5818],{"class":137},[48,162663,87],{"class":62},[48,162665,454],{"class":137},[48,162667,9109],{"class":62},[48,162669,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,162671,148],{"class":147},[48,162673,151],{"class":62},[48,162675,916],{"class":915},[48,162677,67],{"class":70},[48,162679,537],{"class":99},[48,162681,71],{"class":137},[48,162683,925],{"class":99},[48,162685,162686],{"class":70}," scored ",[48,162688,537],{"class":99},[48,162690,86071],{"class":137},[48,162692,925],{"class":99},[48,162694,67],{"class":70},[48,162696,162],{"class":62},[20,162698,168],{},[39,162700,162702],{"className":41,"code":162701,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162703,162704,162711,162718],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162705,162706,162709],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162707,162708],{"class":54},"Ana scored ",[48,162710,33671],{"class":99},[48,162712,162713,162716],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162714,162715],{"class":54},"Ben scored ",[48,162717,33676],{"class":99},[48,162719,162720,162723],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,162721,162722],{"class":54},"Cara scored ",[48,162724,33681],{"class":99},[20,162726,45475],{},[209,162728,162729,162738,162741],{},[212,162730,162731,162734,162735],{},[15,162732,162733],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162736,162737],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[212,162739,162740],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[212,162742,162743,5174,162745,162747],{},[15,162744,71],{},[15,162746,86071],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162749,162750,162751,134],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[348,162752,70164],{"href":70163},[34,162754,162756],{"id":162755},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162758,162759,162761],{},[15,162760,64870],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162763,162764],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[39,162766,162768],{"className":41,"code":162767,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162769,162770,162811,162827,162831,162855],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162771,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162807,162809],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162773,5776],{"class":54},[48,162775,59],{"class":58},[48,162777,4404],{"class":62},[48,162779,67],{"class":66},[48,162781,82],{"class":70},[48,162783,67],{"class":66},[48,162785,87],{"class":62},[48,162787,79],{"class":66},[48,162789,36479],{"class":70},[48,162791,67],{"class":66},[48,162793,87],{"class":62},[48,162795,79],{"class":66},[48,162797,36488],{"class":70},[48,162799,67],{"class":66},[48,162801,87],{"class":62},[48,162803,79],{"class":66},[48,162805,162806],{"class":70},"Dan",[48,162808,67],{"class":66},[48,162810,1465],{"class":62},[48,162812,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162814,408],{"class":54},[48,162816,59],{"class":58},[48,162818,4404],{"class":62},[48,162820,14237],{"class":99},[48,162822,87],{"class":62},[48,162824,438],{"class":99},[48,162826,1465],{"class":62},[48,162828,162829],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,162830,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,162832,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,162834,117],{"class":116},[48,162836,36530],{"class":54},[48,162838,87],{"class":62},[48,162840,5884],{"class":54},[48,162842,128],{"class":116},[48,162844,162126],{"class":147},[48,162846,151],{"class":62},[48,162848,5818],{"class":137},[48,162850,87],{"class":62},[48,162852,454],{"class":137},[48,162854,9109],{"class":62},[48,162856,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,162858,148],{"class":147},[48,162860,151],{"class":62},[48,162862,71],{"class":137},[48,162864,87],{"class":62},[48,162866,131414],{"class":137},[48,162868,162],{"class":62},[20,162870,168],{},[39,162872,162874],{"className":41,"code":162873,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162875,162876,162882],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162877,162878,162880],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162879,134433],{"class":54},[48,162881,33671],{"class":99},[48,162883,162884,162886],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162885,162168],{"class":54},[48,162887,33676],{"class":99},[20,162889,3069,162890,5174,162893,162896],{},[15,162891,162892],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162894,162895],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162898,162899],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[39,162901,162903],{"className":41,"code":162902,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162904,162905,162945,162961,162965],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162906,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162908,5776],{"class":54},[48,162910,59],{"class":58},[48,162912,4404],{"class":62},[48,162914,67],{"class":66},[48,162916,82],{"class":70},[48,162918,67],{"class":66},[48,162920,87],{"class":62},[48,162922,79],{"class":66},[48,162924,36479],{"class":70},[48,162926,67],{"class":66},[48,162928,87],{"class":62},[48,162930,79],{"class":66},[48,162932,36488],{"class":70},[48,162934,67],{"class":66},[48,162936,87],{"class":62},[48,162938,79],{"class":66},[48,162940,162806],{"class":70},[48,162942,67],{"class":66},[48,162944,1465],{"class":62},[48,162946,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,162948,408],{"class":54},[48,162950,59],{"class":58},[48,162952,4404],{"class":62},[48,162954,14237],{"class":99},[48,162956,87],{"class":62},[48,162958,438],{"class":99},[48,162960,1465],{"class":62},[48,162962,162963],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,162964,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,162966,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,162968,276],{"class":147},[48,162970,151],{"class":62},[48,162972,11914],{"class":147},[48,162974,151],{"class":62},[48,162976,5818],{"class":137},[48,162978,327],{"class":62},[48,162980,38927],{"class":147},[48,162982,151],{"class":62},[48,162984,486],{"class":137},[48,162986,670],{"class":62},[20,162988,168],{},[39,162990,162992],{"className":41,"code":162991,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4 2\n",[15,162993,162994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162995,162996,162998],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162997,3288],{"class":99},[48,162999,46134],{"class":99},[20,163001,163002,163003,134],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,163004,64870],{},[34,163006,92662,163008,163010],{"id":163007},"converting-zip-output",[15,163009,64870],{}," output",[20,163012,29594,163013,163015],{},[15,163014,64870],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1752,163017,189,163019],{"id":163018},"use-listzip",[15,163020,163021],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,163023,163024],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[39,163026,163028],{"className":41,"code":163027,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,163029,163030,163062,163082,163086,163108],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163031,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163033,5776],{"class":54},[48,163035,59],{"class":58},[48,163037,4404],{"class":62},[48,163039,67],{"class":66},[48,163041,82],{"class":70},[48,163043,67],{"class":66},[48,163045,87],{"class":62},[48,163047,79],{"class":66},[48,163049,36479],{"class":70},[48,163051,67],{"class":66},[48,163053,87],{"class":62},[48,163055,79],{"class":66},[48,163057,36488],{"class":70},[48,163059,67],{"class":66},[48,163061,1465],{"class":62},[48,163063,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163065,408],{"class":54},[48,163067,59],{"class":58},[48,163069,4404],{"class":62},[48,163071,14237],{"class":99},[48,163073,87],{"class":62},[48,163075,438],{"class":99},[48,163077,87],{"class":62},[48,163079,29453],{"class":99},[48,163081,1465],{"class":62},[48,163083,163084],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,163085,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,163087,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,163089,639],{"class":54},[48,163091,59],{"class":58},[48,163093,1191],{"class":281},[48,163095,151],{"class":62},[48,163097,64940],{"class":147},[48,163099,151],{"class":62},[48,163101,5818],{"class":137},[48,163103,87],{"class":62},[48,163105,454],{"class":137},[48,163107,670],{"class":62},[48,163109,163110,163112,163114,163116],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,163111,276],{"class":147},[48,163113,151],{"class":62},[48,163115,667],{"class":137},[48,163117,162],{"class":62},[20,163119,168],{},[39,163121,163123],{"className":41,"code":163122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,163124,163125],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163126,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163128,308],{"class":62},[48,163130,311],{"class":66},[48,163132,82],{"class":70},[48,163134,311],{"class":66},[48,163136,87],{"class":62},[48,163138,424],{"class":99},[48,163140,327],{"class":62},[48,163142,330],{"class":62},[48,163144,311],{"class":66},[48,163146,36479],{"class":70},[48,163148,311],{"class":66},[48,163150,87],{"class":62},[48,163152,438],{"class":99},[48,163154,327],{"class":62},[48,163156,330],{"class":62},[48,163158,311],{"class":66},[48,163160,36488],{"class":70},[48,163162,311],{"class":66},[48,163164,87],{"class":62},[48,163166,29453],{"class":99},[48,163168,343],{"class":62},[1752,163170,189,163172],{"id":163171},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,163173,163174],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,163176,163177],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[39,163179,163181],{"className":41,"code":163180,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,163182,163183,163215,163243,163247,163269],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163184,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163186,17967],{"class":54},[48,163188,59],{"class":58},[48,163190,4404],{"class":62},[48,163192,67],{"class":66},[48,163194,71],{"class":70},[48,163196,67],{"class":66},[48,163198,87],{"class":62},[48,163200,79],{"class":66},[48,163202,92],{"class":70},[48,163204,67],{"class":66},[48,163206,87],{"class":62},[48,163208,79],{"class":66},[48,163210,11164],{"class":70},[48,163212,67],{"class":66},[48,163214,1465],{"class":62},[48,163216,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163218,4605],{"class":54},[48,163220,59],{"class":58},[48,163222,4404],{"class":62},[48,163224,67],{"class":66},[48,163226,82],{"class":70},[48,163228,67],{"class":66},[48,163230,87],{"class":62},[48,163232,100],{"class":99},[48,163234,87],{"class":62},[48,163236,79],{"class":66},[48,163238,16760],{"class":70},[48,163240,67],{"class":66},[48,163242,1465],{"class":62},[48,163244,163245],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,163246,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,163248,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261,163263,163265,163267],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,163250,55],{"class":54},[48,163252,59],{"class":58},[48,163254,9936],{"class":281},[48,163256,151],{"class":62},[48,163258,64940],{"class":147},[48,163260,151],{"class":62},[48,163262,1396],{"class":137},[48,163264,87],{"class":62},[48,163266,4667],{"class":137},[48,163268,670],{"class":62},[48,163270,163271,163273,163275,163277],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,163272,276],{"class":147},[48,163274,151],{"class":62},[48,163276,287],{"class":137},[48,163278,162],{"class":62},[20,163280,168],{},[39,163282,163284],{"className":41,"code":163283,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,163285,163286],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163287,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163289,537],{"class":62},[48,163291,311],{"class":66},[48,163293,71],{"class":70},[48,163295,311],{"class":66},[48,163297,76],{"class":62},[48,163299,320],{"class":66},[48,163301,82],{"class":70},[48,163303,311],{"class":66},[48,163305,87],{"class":62},[48,163307,320],{"class":66},[48,163309,92],{"class":70},[48,163311,311],{"class":66},[48,163313,76],{"class":62},[48,163315,100],{"class":99},[48,163317,87],{"class":62},[48,163319,320],{"class":66},[48,163321,11164],{"class":70},[48,163323,311],{"class":66},[48,163325,76],{"class":62},[48,163327,320],{"class":66},[48,163329,16760],{"class":70},[48,163331,311],{"class":66},[48,163333,103],{"class":62},[20,163335,163336,163337,134],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[348,163338,31621],{"href":31620},[1752,163340,163342],{"id":163341},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163344,163345],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[39,163347,163349],{"className":41,"code":163348,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163350,163351,163375,163391,163395,163413,163417,163431],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163352,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163354,5776],{"class":54},[48,163356,59],{"class":58},[48,163358,4404],{"class":62},[48,163360,67],{"class":66},[48,163362,82],{"class":70},[48,163364,67],{"class":66},[48,163366,87],{"class":62},[48,163368,79],{"class":66},[48,163370,36479],{"class":70},[48,163372,67],{"class":66},[48,163374,1465],{"class":62},[48,163376,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387,163389],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163378,408],{"class":54},[48,163380,59],{"class":58},[48,163382,4404],{"class":62},[48,163384,14237],{"class":99},[48,163386,87],{"class":62},[48,163388,438],{"class":99},[48,163390,1465],{"class":62},[48,163392,163393],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,163394,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,163396,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,163398,639],{"class":54},[48,163400,59],{"class":58},[48,163402,162126],{"class":147},[48,163404,151],{"class":62},[48,163406,5818],{"class":137},[48,163408,87],{"class":62},[48,163410,454],{"class":137},[48,163412,162],{"class":62},[48,163414,163415],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,163416,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,163418,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,163420,276],{"class":147},[48,163422,151],{"class":62},[48,163424,282],{"class":281},[48,163426,151],{"class":62},[48,163428,667],{"class":137},[48,163430,670],{"class":62},[48,163432,163433,163435,163437,163439,163441,163443],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,163434,276],{"class":147},[48,163436,151],{"class":62},[48,163438,282],{"class":281},[48,163440,151],{"class":62},[48,163442,667],{"class":137},[48,163444,670],{"class":62},[20,163446,168],{},[39,163448,163450],{"className":41,"code":163449,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163451,163452,163482],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163453,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163455,308],{"class":62},[48,163457,311],{"class":66},[48,163459,82],{"class":70},[48,163461,311],{"class":66},[48,163463,87],{"class":62},[48,163465,424],{"class":99},[48,163467,327],{"class":62},[48,163469,330],{"class":62},[48,163471,311],{"class":66},[48,163473,36479],{"class":70},[48,163475,311],{"class":66},[48,163477,87],{"class":62},[48,163479,438],{"class":99},[48,163481,343],{"class":62},[48,163483,163484],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163485,38838],{"class":62},[20,163487,163488],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163490,163491,163492,134],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[348,163493,5914],{"href":6363},[34,163495,41588],{"id":41587},[20,163497,163498,163499,134],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163500,64870],{},[1752,163502,163504],{"id":163503},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[39,163506,163508],{"className":41,"code":163507,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163509,163510,163542,163562,163566,163590],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163511,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534,163536,163538,163540],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163513,5776],{"class":54},[48,163515,59],{"class":58},[48,163517,4404],{"class":62},[48,163519,67],{"class":66},[48,163521,82],{"class":70},[48,163523,67],{"class":66},[48,163525,87],{"class":62},[48,163527,79],{"class":66},[48,163529,36479],{"class":70},[48,163531,67],{"class":66},[48,163533,87],{"class":62},[48,163535,79],{"class":66},[48,163537,36488],{"class":70},[48,163539,67],{"class":66},[48,163541,1465],{"class":62},[48,163543,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558,163560],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163545,408],{"class":54},[48,163547,59],{"class":58},[48,163549,4404],{"class":62},[48,163551,14237],{"class":99},[48,163553,87],{"class":62},[48,163555,438],{"class":99},[48,163557,87],{"class":62},[48,163559,29453],{"class":99},[48,163561,1465],{"class":62},[48,163563,163564],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,163565,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,163567,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586,163588],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,163569,117],{"class":116},[48,163571,36530],{"class":54},[48,163573,87],{"class":62},[48,163575,5884],{"class":54},[48,163577,128],{"class":116},[48,163579,162126],{"class":147},[48,163581,151],{"class":62},[48,163583,5818],{"class":137},[48,163585,87],{"class":62},[48,163587,454],{"class":137},[48,163589,9109],{"class":62},[48,163591,163592,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,163593,148],{"class":147},[48,163595,151],{"class":62},[48,163597,916],{"class":915},[48,163599,67],{"class":70},[48,163601,537],{"class":99},[48,163603,71],{"class":137},[48,163605,925],{"class":99},[48,163607,928],{"class":70},[48,163609,537],{"class":99},[48,163611,86071],{"class":137},[48,163613,925],{"class":99},[48,163615,67],{"class":70},[48,163617,162],{"class":62},[1752,163619,163621],{"id":163620},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[39,163623,163625],{"className":41,"code":163624,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163626,163627,163659,163683,163687,163709],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163628,163629,163631,163633,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163630,17967],{"class":54},[48,163632,59],{"class":58},[48,163634,4404],{"class":62},[48,163636,67],{"class":66},[48,163638,13393],{"class":70},[48,163640,67],{"class":66},[48,163642,87],{"class":62},[48,163644,79],{"class":66},[48,163646,71],{"class":70},[48,163648,67],{"class":66},[48,163650,87],{"class":62},[48,163652,79],{"class":66},[48,163654,16550],{"class":70},[48,163656,67],{"class":66},[48,163658,1465],{"class":62},[48,163660,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669,163671,163673,163675,163677,163679,163681],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163662,4605],{"class":54},[48,163664,59],{"class":58},[48,163666,4404],{"class":62},[48,163668,47137],{"class":99},[48,163670,87],{"class":62},[48,163672,79],{"class":66},[48,163674,82],{"class":70},[48,163676,67],{"class":66},[48,163678,87],{"class":62},[48,163680,4697],{"class":1642},[48,163682,1465],{"class":62},[48,163684,163685],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,163686,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,163688,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,163690,602],{"class":54},[48,163692,59],{"class":58},[48,163694,9936],{"class":281},[48,163696,151],{"class":62},[48,163698,64940],{"class":147},[48,163700,151],{"class":62},[48,163702,1396],{"class":137},[48,163704,87],{"class":62},[48,163706,4667],{"class":137},[48,163708,670],{"class":62},[48,163710,163711,163713,163715,163717],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,163712,276],{"class":147},[48,163714,151],{"class":62},[48,163716,679],{"class":137},[48,163718,162],{"class":62},[1752,163720,163722],{"id":163721},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[39,163724,163726],{"className":41,"code":163725,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163727,163728,163748,163768,163772,163797],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163729,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163731,81209],{"class":54},[48,163733,59],{"class":58},[48,163735,4404],{"class":62},[48,163737,3114],{"class":99},[48,163739,87],{"class":62},[48,163741,2506],{"class":99},[48,163743,87],{"class":62},[48,163745,8564],{"class":99},[48,163747,1465],{"class":62},[48,163749,163750,163752,163754,163756,163758,163760,163762,163764,163766],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163751,81230],{"class":54},[48,163753,59],{"class":58},[48,163755,4404],{"class":62},[48,163757,3114],{"class":99},[48,163759,87],{"class":62},[48,163761,100],{"class":99},[48,163763,87],{"class":62},[48,163765,8564],{"class":99},[48,163767,1465],{"class":62},[48,163769,163770],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,163771,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,163773,163774,163776,163778,163780,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791,163793,163795],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,163775,117],{"class":116},[48,163777,57436],{"class":54},[48,163779,87],{"class":62},[48,163781,163782],{"class":54}," b ",[48,163784,128],{"class":116},[48,163786,162126],{"class":147},[48,163788,151],{"class":62},[48,163790,112301],{"class":137},[48,163792,87],{"class":62},[48,163794,81273],{"class":137},[48,163796,9109],{"class":62},[48,163798,163799,163801,163803,163805,163807,163809],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,163800,148],{"class":147},[48,163802,151],{"class":62},[48,163804,3338],{"class":137},[48,163806,2308],{"class":58},[48,163808,3343],{"class":137},[48,163810,162],{"class":62},[20,163812,168],{},[39,163814,163816],{"className":41,"code":163815,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163817,163818,163822,163826],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163819,163820],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163821,4761],{"class":1642},[48,163823,163824],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163825,4822],{"class":1642},[48,163827,163828],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,163829,4761],{"class":1642},[1752,163831,163833],{"id":163832},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[39,163835,163837],{"className":41,"code":163836,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163838,163839,163874,163897,163901,163928],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163840,163841,163844,163846,163848,163850,163852,163854,163856,163858,163861,163863,163865,163867,163870,163872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163842,163843],{"class":54},"products ",[48,163845,59],{"class":58},[48,163847,4404],{"class":62},[48,163849,67],{"class":66},[48,163851,25672],{"class":70},[48,163853,67],{"class":66},[48,163855,87],{"class":62},[48,163857,79],{"class":66},[48,163859,163860],{"class":70},"Pen",[48,163862,67],{"class":66},[48,163864,87],{"class":62},[48,163866,79],{"class":66},[48,163868,163869],{"class":70},"Bag",[48,163871,67],{"class":66},[48,163873,1465],{"class":62},[48,163875,163876,163878,163880,163882,163885,163887,163890,163892,163895],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,163877,83599],{"class":54},[48,163879,59],{"class":58},[48,163881,4404],{"class":62},[48,163883,163884],{"class":99},"12.5",[48,163886,87],{"class":62},[48,163888,163889],{"class":99}," 1.2",[48,163891,87],{"class":62},[48,163893,163894],{"class":99}," 25.0",[48,163896,1465],{"class":62},[48,163898,163899],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,163900,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,163902,163903,163905,163907,163909,163912,163914,163916,163918,163921,163923,163926],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,163904,117],{"class":116},[48,163906,25733],{"class":54},[48,163908,87],{"class":62},[48,163910,163911],{"class":54}," price ",[48,163913,128],{"class":116},[48,163915,162126],{"class":147},[48,163917,151],{"class":62},[48,163919,163920],{"class":137},"products",[48,163922,87],{"class":62},[48,163924,163925],{"class":137}," prices",[48,163927,9109],{"class":62},[48,163929,163930,163932,163934,163936,163938,163940,163942,163944,163947,163949,163951,163953,163955],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,163931,148],{"class":147},[48,163933,151],{"class":62},[48,163935,916],{"class":915},[48,163937,67],{"class":70},[48,163939,537],{"class":99},[48,163941,27541],{"class":137},[48,163943,925],{"class":99},[48,163945,163946],{"class":70}," costs $",[48,163948,537],{"class":99},[48,163950,25681],{"class":137},[48,163952,925],{"class":99},[48,163954,67],{"class":70},[48,163956,162],{"class":62},[20,163958,37141,163959,134],{},[348,163960,163962],{"href":163961},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[34,163964,163966,163967],{"id":163965},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163968,64870],{},[1752,163970,2015,163972,163974],{"id":163971},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163973,64870],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163976,163977,163979],{},[15,163978,64870],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163981,163982],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[39,163984,163986],{"className":41,"code":163985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163987,163988],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163989,163990,163992,163994,163996,163998,164000,164002,164004,164006,164008],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163991,276],{"class":147},[48,163993,151],{"class":62},[48,163995,11914],{"class":147},[48,163997,151],{"class":62},[48,163999,112301],{"class":137},[48,164001,327],{"class":62},[48,164003,38927],{"class":147},[48,164005,151],{"class":62},[48,164007,81496],{"class":137},[48,164009,670],{"class":62},[1752,164011,164013],{"id":164012},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,164015,69387],{},[39,164017,164019],{"className":41,"code":164018,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,164020,164021,164057,164061,164074,164084,164088,164100],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,164022,164023,164025,164027,164029,164031,164033,164035,164037,164039,164041,164043,164045,164047,164049,164051,164053,164055],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,164024,639],{"class":54},[48,164026,59],{"class":58},[48,164028,162126],{"class":147},[48,164030,3767],{"class":62},[48,164032,3770],{"class":99},[48,164034,87],{"class":62},[48,164036,632],{"class":99},[48,164038,18785],{"class":62},[48,164040,4404],{"class":62},[48,164042,67],{"class":66},[48,164044,348],{"class":70},[48,164046,67],{"class":66},[48,164048,87],{"class":62},[48,164050,79],{"class":66},[48,164052,2059],{"class":70},[48,164054,67],{"class":66},[48,164056,4670],{"class":62},[48,164058,164059],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,164060,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,164062,164063,164065,164067,164069,164072],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,164064,117],{"class":116},[48,164066,1948],{"class":54},[48,164068,128],{"class":116},[48,164070,164071],{"class":54}," pairs",[48,164073,1053],{"class":62},[48,164075,164076,164078,164080,164082],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,164077,148],{"class":147},[48,164079,151],{"class":62},[48,164081,1967],{"class":137},[48,164083,162],{"class":62},[48,164085,164086],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,164087,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,164089,164090,164092,164094,164096,164098],{"class":50,"line":479},[48,164091,117],{"class":116},[48,164093,1948],{"class":54},[48,164095,128],{"class":116},[48,164097,164071],{"class":54},[48,164099,1053],{"class":62},[48,164101,164102,164104,164106,164108],{"class":50,"line":701},[48,164103,148],{"class":147},[48,164105,151],{"class":62},[48,164107,1967],{"class":137},[48,164109,162],{"class":62},[20,164111,164112],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1752,164114,164116],{"id":164115},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,164118,164119],{},"This is correct:",[39,164121,164123],{"className":41,"code":164122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,164124,164125,164149,164165,164169,164193],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,164126,164127,164129,164131,164133,164135,164137,164139,164141,164143,164145,164147],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,164128,5776],{"class":54},[48,164130,59],{"class":58},[48,164132,4404],{"class":62},[48,164134,67],{"class":66},[48,164136,82],{"class":70},[48,164138,67],{"class":66},[48,164140,87],{"class":62},[48,164142,79],{"class":66},[48,164144,36479],{"class":70},[48,164146,67],{"class":66},[48,164148,1465],{"class":62},[48,164150,164151,164153,164155,164157,164159,164161,164163],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,164152,408],{"class":54},[48,164154,59],{"class":58},[48,164156,4404],{"class":62},[48,164158,14237],{"class":99},[48,164160,87],{"class":62},[48,164162,438],{"class":99},[48,164164,1465],{"class":62},[48,164166,164167],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,164168,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,164170,164171,164173,164175,164177,164179,164181,164183,164185,164187,164189,164191],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,164172,117],{"class":116},[48,164174,36530],{"class":54},[48,164176,87],{"class":62},[48,164178,5884],{"class":54},[48,164180,128],{"class":116},[48,164182,162126],{"class":147},[48,164184,151],{"class":62},[48,164186,5818],{"class":137},[48,164188,87],{"class":62},[48,164190,454],{"class":137},[48,164192,9109],{"class":62},[48,164194,164195,164197,164199,164201,164203,164205],{"class":50,"line":467},[48,164196,148],{"class":147},[48,164198,151],{"class":62},[48,164200,71],{"class":137},[48,164202,87],{"class":62},[48,164204,131414],{"class":137},[48,164206,162],{"class":62},[20,164208,164209],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[39,164211,164213],{"className":41,"code":164212,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,164214,164215,164235],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,164216,164217,164219,164221,164223,164225,164227,164229,164231,164233],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,164218,117],{"class":116},[48,164220,1948],{"class":54},[48,164222,128],{"class":116},[48,164224,162126],{"class":147},[48,164226,151],{"class":62},[48,164228,5818],{"class":137},[48,164230,87],{"class":62},[48,164232,454],{"class":137},[48,164234,9109],{"class":62},[48,164236,164237,164239,164241,164243],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,164238,148],{"class":147},[48,164240,151],{"class":62},[48,164242,1967],{"class":137},[48,164244,162],{"class":62},[20,164246,168],{},[39,164248,164250],{"className":41,"code":164249,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,164251,164252,164268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,164253,164254,164256,164258,164260,164262,164264,164266],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,164255,151],{"class":62},[48,164257,311],{"class":66},[48,164259,82],{"class":70},[48,164261,311],{"class":66},[48,164263,87],{"class":62},[48,164265,424],{"class":99},[48,164267,162],{"class":62},[48,164269,164270,164272,164274,164276,164278,164280,164282],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,164271,151],{"class":62},[48,164273,311],{"class":66},[48,164275,36479],{"class":70},[48,164277,311],{"class":66},[48,164279,87],{"class":62},[48,164281,438],{"class":99},[48,164283,162],{"class":62},[20,164285,164286],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1752,164288,9185,164290,164292,164293],{"id":164289},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,164291,64870],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,164294,36287],{},[20,164296,189,164297,164299],{},[15,164298,64870],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,164301,189,164302,164304],{},[15,164303,36287],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[39,164306,164307],{"className":41,"code":36456,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,164308,164309,164341,164345,164365],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,164310,164311,164313,164315,164317,164319,164321,164323,164325,164327,164329,164331,164333,164335,164337,164339],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,164312,5776],{"class":54},[48,164314,59],{"class":58},[48,164316,4404],{"class":62},[48,164318,67],{"class":66},[48,164320,82],{"class":70},[48,164322,67],{"class":66},[48,164324,87],{"class":62},[48,164326,79],{"class":66},[48,164328,36479],{"class":70},[48,164330,67],{"class":66},[48,164332,87],{"class":62},[48,164334,79],{"class":66},[48,164336,36488],{"class":70},[48,164338,67],{"class":66},[48,164340,1465],{"class":62},[48,164342,164343],{"class":50,"line":106},[48,164344,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[48,164346,164347,164349,164351,164353,164355,164357,164359,164361,164363],{"class":50,"line":113},[48,164348,117],{"class":116},[48,164350,36359],{"class":54},[48,164352,87],{"class":62},[48,164354,36507],{"class":54},[48,164356,128],{"class":116},[48,164358,36369],{"class":147},[48,164360,151],{"class":62},[48,164362,5818],{"class":137},[48,164364,9109],{"class":62},[48,164366,164367,164369,164371,164373,164375,164377],{"class":50,"line":144},[48,164368,148],{"class":147},[48,164370,151],{"class":62},[48,164372,36384],{"class":137},[48,164374,87],{"class":62},[48,164376,36530],{"class":137},[48,164378,162],{"class":62},[20,164380,164381,164382,134],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[348,164383,4356,164384,4289],{"href":92574},[15,164385,36287],{},[34,164387,2589],{"id":2588},[1752,164389,5920,164391,2596],{"id":164390},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164392,64870],{},[20,164394,164395],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1752,164397,2606,164399,164401],{"id":164398},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164400,64870],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164403,164404],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1752,164406,164408,164409,2623],{"id":164407},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164410,64870],{},[20,164412,164413,164414,134],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164415,163021],{},[1752,164417,164419,164420,2623],{"id":164418},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164421,64870],{},[20,164423,128779,164424,164426],{},[15,164425,163174],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1752,164428,164430],{"id":164429},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164432,164433],{},"A zip object is an iterator. 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values))",{"id":163341,"depth":113,"text":163342},{"id":41587,"depth":106,"text":41588,"children":164481},[164482,164483,164484,164485],{"id":163503,"depth":113,"text":163504},{"id":163620,"depth":113,"text":163621},{"id":163721,"depth":113,"text":163722},{"id":163832,"depth":113,"text":163833},{"id":163965,"depth":106,"text":164487,"children":164488},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164489,164491,164492,164493],{"id":163971,"depth":113,"text":164490},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":164012,"depth":113,"text":164013},{"id":164115,"depth":113,"text":164116},{"id":164289,"depth":113,"text":164494},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2588,"depth":106,"text":2589,"children":164496},[164497,164499,164501,164503,164505],{"id":164390,"depth":113,"text":164498},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164398,"depth":113,"text":164500},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164407,"depth":113,"text":164502},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164418,"depth":113,"text":164504},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164429,"depth":113,"text":164430},{"id":2678,"depth":106,"text":2679},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":162027,"description":164507},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944994428]