[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164045},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method":3,"nav-reference":2266},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2259,"extension":2260,"meta":2261,"navigation":147,"path":2262,"seo":2263,"stem":2264,"__hash__":2265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2225},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,42,51,56,182,188,241,247,254,259,262,279,282,392,396,453,456,460,463,561,565,628,631,648,656,660,663,679,682,693,696,740,743,787,790,794,801,804,821,823,919,923,968,986,990,993,1089,1093,1113,1116,1144,1151,1157,1162,1173,1175,1280,1284,1310,1313,1381,1387,1390,1413,1420,1424,1429,1437,1442,1444,1499,1503,1530,1537,1543,1546,1571,1577,1603,1606,1682,1689,1694,1697,1742,1760,1764,1767,1810,1813,1816,1835,1839,1844,1870,1873,1947,1950,2024,2028,2031,2092,2095,2112,2116,2123,2128,2136,2145,2152,2158,2165,2171,2175,2180,2184,2221],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-keys-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"keys()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24,17],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,27,28],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,31,32,36,39],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"view the available keys",[33,37,38],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,40,41],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,43,44,46,47,50],{},[15,45,17],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,48,49],{},"dict_keys",".",[52,53,55],"h2",{"id":54},"quick-example","Quick example",[57,58,63],"pre",{"className":59,"code":60,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n","python","",[15,64,65,122,142,149,164],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67,70,74,78,82,86,90,92,95,98,101,103,106,108,111,113,115,119],"span",{"class":68,"line":69},"line",1,[66,71,73],{"class":72},"su5hD","student ",[66,75,77],{"class":76},"smGrS","=",[66,79,81],{"class":80},"sP7_E"," {",[66,83,85],{"class":84},"sjJ54","\"",[66,87,89],{"class":88},"s_sjI","name",[66,91,85],{"class":84},[66,93,94],{"class":80},":",[66,96,97],{"class":84}," \"",[66,99,100],{"class":88},"Ana",[66,102,85],{"class":84},[66,104,105],{"class":80},",",[66,107,97],{"class":84},[66,109,110],{"class":88},"age",[66,112,85],{"class":84},[66,114,94],{"class":80},[66,116,118],{"class":117},"srdBf"," 20",[66,120,121],{"class":80},"}\n",[66,123,125,128,130,133,135,139],{"class":68,"line":124},2,[66,126,127],{"class":72},"keys ",[66,129,77],{"class":76},[66,131,132],{"class":72}," student",[66,134,50],{"class":80},[66,136,138],{"class":137},"slqww","keys",[66,140,141],{"class":80},"()\n",[66,143,145],{"class":68,"line":144},3,[66,146,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},true,"\n",[66,150,152,156,159,161],{"class":68,"line":151},4,[66,153,155],{"class":154},"sptTA","print",[66,157,158],{"class":80},"(",[66,160,138],{"class":137},[66,162,163],{"class":80},")\n",[66,165,167,169,171,175,177,179],{"class":68,"line":166},5,[66,168,155],{"class":154},[66,170,158],{"class":80},[66,172,174],{"class":173},"sZMiF","list",[66,176,158],{"class":80},[66,178,138],{"class":137},[66,180,181],{"class":80},"))\n",[20,183,184],{},[185,186,187],"strong",{},"Output:",[57,189,191],{"className":59,"code":190,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,192,193,219],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,194,195,197,200,203,205,207,209,212,214,216],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,196,49],{"class":137},[66,198,199],{"class":80},"([",[66,201,202],{"class":84},"'",[66,204,89],{"class":88},[66,206,202],{"class":84},[66,208,105],{"class":80},[66,210,211],{"class":84}," '",[66,213,110],{"class":88},[66,215,202],{"class":84},[66,217,218],{"class":80},"])\n",[66,220,221,224,226,228,230,232,234,236,238],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,222,223],{"class":80},"[",[66,225,202],{"class":84},[66,227,89],{"class":88},[66,229,202],{"class":84},[66,231,105],{"class":80},[66,233,211],{"class":84},[66,235,110],{"class":88},[66,237,202],{"class":84},[66,239,240],{"class":80},"]\n",[20,242,243,244,246],{},"Use ",[15,245,17],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[52,248,250,251,253],{"id":249},"what-keys-does","What ",[15,252,17],{}," does",[20,255,256,258],{},[15,257,17],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,260,261],{},"Important points:",[30,263,264,267,270,276],{},[33,265,266],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,268,269],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,271,272,273,275],{},"It returns a ",[15,274,49],{}," view object, not a list",[33,277,278],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,280,281],{},"Example:",[57,283,285],{"className":59,"code":284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,286,287,326,330,346,350,377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,288,289,292,294,296,298,300,302,304,306,309,311,313,315,317,319,321,324],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,290,291],{"class":72},"person ",[66,293,77],{"class":76},[66,295,81],{"class":80},[66,297,85],{"class":84},[66,299,89],{"class":88},[66,301,85],{"class":84},[66,303,94],{"class":80},[66,305,97],{"class":84},[66,307,308],{"class":88},"Liam",[66,310,85],{"class":84},[66,312,105],{"class":80},[66,314,97],{"class":84},[66,316,110],{"class":88},[66,318,85],{"class":84},[66,320,94],{"class":80},[66,322,323],{"class":117}," 25",[66,325,121],{"class":80},[66,327,328],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,329,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,331,332,334,336,339,341,343],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,333,155],{"class":154},[66,335,158],{"class":80},[66,337,338],{"class":137},"person",[66,340,50],{"class":80},[66,342,138],{"class":137},[66,344,345],{"class":80},"())\n",[66,347,348],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,349,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,351,352,354,356,358,361,363,366,369,371,374],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,353,338],{"class":72},[66,355,223],{"class":80},[66,357,85],{"class":84},[66,359,360],{"class":88},"city",[66,362,85],{"class":84},[66,364,365],{"class":80},"]",[66,367,368],{"class":76}," =",[66,370,97],{"class":84},[66,372,373],{"class":88},"Paris",[66,375,376],{"class":84},"\"\n",[66,378,380,382,384,386,388,390],{"class":68,"line":379},6,[66,381,155],{"class":154},[66,383,158],{"class":80},[66,385,338],{"class":137},[66,387,50],{"class":80},[66,389,138],{"class":137},[66,391,345],{"class":80},[20,393,394],{},[185,395,187],{},[57,397,399],{"className":59,"code":398,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,400,401,423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,402,403,405,407,409,411,413,415,417,419,421],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,404,49],{"class":137},[66,406,199],{"class":80},[66,408,202],{"class":84},[66,410,89],{"class":88},[66,412,202],{"class":84},[66,414,105],{"class":80},[66,416,211],{"class":84},[66,418,110],{"class":88},[66,420,202],{"class":84},[66,422,218],{"class":80},[66,424,425,427,429,431,433,435,437,439,441,443,445,447,449,451],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,426,49],{"class":137},[66,428,199],{"class":80},[66,430,202],{"class":84},[66,432,89],{"class":88},[66,434,202],{"class":84},[66,436,105],{"class":80},[66,438,211],{"class":84},[66,440,110],{"class":88},[66,442,202],{"class":84},[66,444,105],{"class":80},[66,446,211],{"class":84},[66,448,360],{"class":88},[66,450,202],{"class":84},[66,452,218],{"class":80},[20,454,455],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[52,457,459],{"id":458},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,461,462],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[57,464,466],{"className":59,"code":465,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,467,468,523,527,542],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,469,470,473,475,477,479,481,483,485,487,489,491,493,495,497,499,501,503,505,507,510,512,514,516,519,521],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,471,472],{"class":72},"data ",[66,474,77],{"class":76},[66,476,81],{"class":80},[66,478,85],{"class":84},[66,480,89],{"class":88},[66,482,85],{"class":84},[66,484,94],{"class":80},[66,486,97],{"class":84},[66,488,100],{"class":88},[66,490,85],{"class":84},[66,492,105],{"class":80},[66,494,97],{"class":84},[66,496,110],{"class":88},[66,498,85],{"class":84},[66,500,94],{"class":80},[66,502,118],{"class":117},[66,504,105],{"class":80},[66,506,97],{"class":84},[66,508,509],{"class":88},"grade",[66,511,85],{"class":84},[66,513,94],{"class":80},[66,515,97],{"class":84},[66,517,518],{"class":88},"A",[66,520,85],{"class":84},[66,522,121],{"class":80},[66,524,525],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,526,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,528,529,531,533,536,538,540],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,530,155],{"class":154},[66,532,158],{"class":80},[66,534,535],{"class":137},"data",[66,537,50],{"class":80},[66,539,138],{"class":137},[66,541,345],{"class":80},[66,543,544,546,548,550,552,554,556,558],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,545,155],{"class":154},[66,547,158],{"class":80},[66,549,174],{"class":173},[66,551,158],{"class":80},[66,553,535],{"class":137},[66,555,50],{"class":80},[66,557,138],{"class":137},[66,559,560],{"class":80},"()))\n",[20,562,563],{},[185,564,187],{},[57,566,568],{"className":59,"code":567,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,569,570,600],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,571,572,574,576,578,580,582,584,586,588,590,592,594,596,598],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,573,49],{"class":137},[66,575,199],{"class":80},[66,577,202],{"class":84},[66,579,89],{"class":88},[66,581,202],{"class":84},[66,583,105],{"class":80},[66,585,211],{"class":84},[66,587,110],{"class":88},[66,589,202],{"class":84},[66,591,105],{"class":80},[66,593,211],{"class":84},[66,595,509],{"class":88},[66,597,202],{"class":84},[66,599,218],{"class":80},[66,601,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,618,620,622,624,626],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,603,223],{"class":80},[66,605,202],{"class":84},[66,607,89],{"class":88},[66,609,202],{"class":84},[66,611,105],{"class":80},[66,613,211],{"class":84},[66,615,110],{"class":88},[66,617,202],{"class":84},[66,619,105],{"class":80},[66,621,211],{"class":84},[66,623,509],{"class":88},[66,625,202],{"class":84},[66,627,240],{"class":80},[20,629,630],{},"This shows two things:",[30,632,633,642],{},[33,634,635,638,639,641],{},[15,636,637],{},"data.keys()"," returns a ",[15,640,49],{}," object",[33,643,644,647],{},[15,645,646],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,649,650,651,50],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[652,653,655],"a",{"href":654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","how to create a dictionary in Python",[52,657,659],{"id":658},"syntax","Syntax",[20,661,662],{},"The syntax is:",[57,664,666],{"className":59,"code":665,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,667,668],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,669,670,673,675,677],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,671,672],{"class":72},"my_dict",[66,674,50],{"class":80},[66,676,138],{"class":137},[66,678,141],{"class":80},[20,680,681],{},"Things to remember:",[30,683,684,687,690],{},[33,685,686],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,688,689],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,691,692],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,694,695],{},"Correct:",[57,697,699],{"className":59,"code":698,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,700,701,725],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,702,703,705,707,709,711,713,715,717,719,721,723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,704,73],{"class":72},[66,706,77],{"class":76},[66,708,81],{"class":80},[66,710,85],{"class":84},[66,712,89],{"class":88},[66,714,85],{"class":84},[66,716,94],{"class":80},[66,718,97],{"class":84},[66,720,100],{"class":88},[66,722,85],{"class":84},[66,724,121],{"class":80},[66,726,727,729,731,734,736,738],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,728,155],{"class":154},[66,730,158],{"class":80},[66,732,733],{"class":137},"student",[66,735,50],{"class":80},[66,737,138],{"class":137},[66,739,345],{"class":80},[20,741,742],{},"Incorrect:",[57,744,746],{"className":59,"code":745,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,747,748,772],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,749,750,752,754,756,758,760,762,764,766,768,770],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,751,73],{"class":72},[66,753,77],{"class":76},[66,755,81],{"class":80},[66,757,85],{"class":84},[66,759,89],{"class":88},[66,761,85],{"class":84},[66,763,94],{"class":80},[66,765,97],{"class":84},[66,767,100],{"class":88},[66,769,85],{"class":84},[66,771,121],{"class":80},[66,773,774,776,778,780,782,785],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,775,155],{"class":154},[66,777,158],{"class":80},[66,779,733],{"class":137},[66,781,50],{"class":80},[66,783,138],{"class":784},"skxfh",[66,786,163],{"class":80},[20,788,789],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[52,791,793],{"id":792},"return-value","Return value",[20,795,796,638,798,800],{},[15,797,17],{},[15,799,49],{}," object.",[20,802,803],{},"This object:",[30,805,806,809,812,818],{},[33,807,808],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,810,811],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,813,814,815],{},"can be converted with ",[15,816,817],{},"list()",[33,819,820],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,822,281],{},[57,824,826],{"className":59,"code":825,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,827,828,869,873,889,893,904],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,829,830,833,835,837,839,842,844,846,848,851,853,855,857,860,862,864,867],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,831,832],{"class":72},"car ",[66,834,77],{"class":76},[66,836,81],{"class":80},[66,838,85],{"class":84},[66,840,841],{"class":88},"brand",[66,843,85],{"class":84},[66,845,94],{"class":80},[66,847,97],{"class":84},[66,849,850],{"class":88},"Toyota",[66,852,85],{"class":84},[66,854,105],{"class":80},[66,856,97],{"class":84},[66,858,859],{"class":88},"year",[66,861,85],{"class":84},[66,863,94],{"class":80},[66,865,866],{"class":117}," 2020",[66,868,121],{"class":80},[66,870,871],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,872,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,874,875,878,880,883,885,887],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,876,877],{"class":72},"result ",[66,879,77],{"class":76},[66,881,882],{"class":72}," car",[66,884,50],{"class":80},[66,886,138],{"class":137},[66,888,141],{"class":80},[66,890,891],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,892,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,894,895,897,899,902],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,896,155],{"class":154},[66,898,158],{"class":80},[66,900,901],{"class":137},"result",[66,903,163],{"class":80},[66,905,906,908,910,913,915,917],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,907,155],{"class":154},[66,909,158],{"class":80},[66,911,912],{"class":173},"type",[66,914,158],{"class":80},[66,916,901],{"class":137},[66,918,181],{"class":80},[20,920,921],{},[185,922,187],{},[57,924,926],{"className":59,"code":925,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,927,928,950],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,929,930,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946,948],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,931,49],{"class":137},[66,933,199],{"class":80},[66,935,202],{"class":84},[66,937,841],{"class":88},[66,939,202],{"class":84},[66,941,105],{"class":80},[66,943,211],{"class":84},[66,945,859],{"class":88},[66,947,202],{"class":84},[66,949,218],{"class":80},[66,951,952,955,959,961,963,965],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,953,954],{"class":76},"\u003C",[66,956,958],{"class":957},"sbsja","class",[66,960,211],{"class":84},[66,962,49],{"class":88},[66,964,202],{"class":84},[66,966,967],{"class":76},">\n",[20,969,970,971,979,980,50],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[652,972,974,975,978],{"href":973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,976,977],{},"values()"," method",". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[652,981,974,983,978],{"href":982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,984,985],{},"items()",[52,987,989],{"id":988},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,991,992],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[57,994,996],{"className":59,"code":995,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,997,998,1052,1056,1077],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,999,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1039,1041,1043,1045,1048,1050],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1001,73],{"class":72},[66,1003,77],{"class":76},[66,1005,81],{"class":80},[66,1007,85],{"class":84},[66,1009,89],{"class":88},[66,1011,85],{"class":84},[66,1013,94],{"class":80},[66,1015,97],{"class":84},[66,1017,100],{"class":88},[66,1019,85],{"class":84},[66,1021,105],{"class":80},[66,1023,97],{"class":84},[66,1025,110],{"class":88},[66,1027,85],{"class":84},[66,1029,94],{"class":80},[66,1031,118],{"class":117},[66,1033,105],{"class":80},[66,1035,97],{"class":84},[66,1037,1038],{"class":88},"course",[66,1040,85],{"class":84},[66,1042,94],{"class":80},[66,1044,97],{"class":84},[66,1046,1047],{"class":88},"Math",[66,1049,85],{"class":84},[66,1051,121],{"class":80},[66,1053,1054],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1055,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,1057,1058,1062,1065,1068,1070,1072,1074],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,1059,1061],{"class":1060},"sVHd0","for",[66,1063,1064],{"class":72}," key ",[66,1066,1067],{"class":1060},"in",[66,1069,132],{"class":72},[66,1071,50],{"class":80},[66,1073,138],{"class":137},[66,1075,1076],{"class":80},"():\n",[66,1078,1079,1082,1084,1087],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,1080,1081],{"class":154},"    print",[66,1083,158],{"class":80},[66,1085,1086],{"class":137},"key",[66,1088,163],{"class":80},[20,1090,1091],{},[185,1092,187],{},[57,1094,1096],{"className":59,"code":1095,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,1097,1098,1103,1108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1099,1100],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1101,1102],{"class":72},"name\n",[66,1104,1105],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1106,1107],{"class":72},"age\n",[66,1109,1110],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,1111,1112],{"class":72},"course\n",[20,1114,1115],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[57,1117,1119],{"className":59,"code":1118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,1120,1121,1134],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1122,1123,1125,1127,1129,1131],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1124,1061],{"class":1060},[66,1126,1064],{"class":72},[66,1128,1067],{"class":1060},[66,1130,132],{"class":72},[66,1132,1133],{"class":80},":\n",[66,1135,1136,1138,1140,1142],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1137,1081],{"class":154},[66,1139,158],{"class":80},[66,1141,1086],{"class":137},[66,1143,163],{"class":80},[20,1145,1146,1147,1150],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,1148,1149],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[52,1152,1154,1155],{"id":1153},"when-to-use-keys","When to use ",[15,1156,17],{},[20,1158,243,1159,1161],{},[15,1160,17],{}," when:",[30,1163,1164,1167,1170],{},[33,1165,1166],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,1168,1169],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,1171,1172],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,1174,281],{},[57,1176,1178],{"className":59,"code":1177,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,1179,1180,1234,1238,1253,1270],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1181,1182,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1202,1204,1206,1208,1211,1213,1215,1218,1220,1222,1225,1227,1229,1232],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1183,1184],{"class":72},"product ",[66,1186,77],{"class":76},[66,1188,81],{"class":80},[66,1190,85],{"class":84},[66,1192,89],{"class":88},[66,1194,85],{"class":84},[66,1196,94],{"class":80},[66,1198,97],{"class":84},[66,1200,1201],{"class":88},"Book",[66,1203,85],{"class":84},[66,1205,105],{"class":80},[66,1207,97],{"class":84},[66,1209,1210],{"class":88},"price",[66,1212,85],{"class":84},[66,1214,94],{"class":80},[66,1216,1217],{"class":117}," 12.99",[66,1219,105],{"class":80},[66,1221,97],{"class":84},[66,1223,1224],{"class":88},"stock",[66,1226,85],{"class":84},[66,1228,94],{"class":80},[66,1230,1231],{"class":117}," 5",[66,1233,121],{"class":80},[66,1235,1236],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1237,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,1239,1240,1242,1244,1246,1249,1251],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,1241,155],{"class":154},[66,1243,158],{"class":80},[66,1245,85],{"class":84},[66,1247,1248],{"class":88},"Available fields:",[66,1250,85],{"class":84},[66,1252,163],{"class":80},[66,1254,1255,1257,1259,1261,1264,1266,1268],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,1256,1061],{"class":1060},[66,1258,1064],{"class":72},[66,1260,1067],{"class":1060},[66,1262,1263],{"class":72}," product",[66,1265,50],{"class":80},[66,1267,138],{"class":137},[66,1269,1076],{"class":80},[66,1271,1272,1274,1276,1278],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,1273,1081],{"class":154},[66,1275,158],{"class":80},[66,1277,1086],{"class":137},[66,1279,163],{"class":80},[20,1281,1282],{},[185,1283,187],{},[57,1285,1287],{"className":59,"code":1286,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,1288,1289,1296,1300,1305],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1290,1291,1294],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1292,1293],{"class":72},"Available fields",[66,1295,1133],{"class":80},[66,1297,1298],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1299,1102],{"class":72},[66,1301,1302],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,1303,1304],{"class":72},"price\n",[66,1306,1307],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,1308,1309],{"class":72},"stock\n",[20,1311,1312],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[57,1314,1316],{"className":59,"code":1315,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,1317,1318,1354,1358],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1319,1320,1322,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334,1336,1338,1340,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1321,1184],{"class":72},[66,1323,77],{"class":76},[66,1325,81],{"class":80},[66,1327,85],{"class":84},[66,1329,89],{"class":88},[66,1331,85],{"class":84},[66,1333,94],{"class":80},[66,1335,97],{"class":84},[66,1337,1201],{"class":88},[66,1339,85],{"class":84},[66,1341,105],{"class":80},[66,1343,97],{"class":84},[66,1345,1210],{"class":88},[66,1347,85],{"class":84},[66,1349,94],{"class":80},[66,1351,1217],{"class":117},[66,1353,121],{"class":80},[66,1355,1356],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1357,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,1359,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1373,1375,1377,1379],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,1361,155],{"class":154},[66,1363,158],{"class":80},[66,1365,85],{"class":84},[66,1367,89],{"class":88},[66,1369,85],{"class":84},[66,1371,1372],{"class":1060}," in",[66,1374,1263],{"class":137},[66,1376,50],{"class":80},[66,1378,138],{"class":137},[66,1380,345],{"class":80},[20,1382,1383,1384,50],{},"This works and returns ",[15,1385,1386],{},"True",[20,1388,1389],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[57,1391,1393],{"className":59,"code":1392,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,1394,1395],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1396,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1411],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1398,155],{"class":154},[66,1400,158],{"class":80},[66,1402,85],{"class":84},[66,1404,89],{"class":88},[66,1406,85],{"class":84},[66,1408,1372],{"class":1060},[66,1410,1263],{"class":137},[66,1412,163],{"class":80},[20,1414,1415,1416,50],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[652,1417,1419],{"href":1418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[52,1421,1423],{"id":1422},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,1425,1426,1427,50],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,1428,17],{},[1430,1431,1433,1434,1436],"h3",{"id":1432},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs","Expecting ",[15,1435,17],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,1438,1439,1441],{},[15,1440,17],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,1443,281],{},[57,1445,1447],{"className":59,"code":1446,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,1448,1449,1485],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1450,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1452,472],{"class":72},[66,1454,77],{"class":76},[66,1456,81],{"class":80},[66,1458,85],{"class":84},[66,1460,89],{"class":88},[66,1462,85],{"class":84},[66,1464,94],{"class":80},[66,1466,97],{"class":84},[66,1468,100],{"class":88},[66,1470,85],{"class":84},[66,1472,105],{"class":80},[66,1474,97],{"class":84},[66,1476,110],{"class":88},[66,1478,85],{"class":84},[66,1480,94],{"class":80},[66,1482,118],{"class":117},[66,1484,121],{"class":80},[66,1486,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1497],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1488,155],{"class":154},[66,1490,158],{"class":80},[66,1492,535],{"class":137},[66,1494,50],{"class":80},[66,1496,138],{"class":137},[66,1498,345],{"class":80},[20,1500,1501],{},[185,1502,187],{},[57,1504,1506],{"className":59,"code":1505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,1507,1508],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1509,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524,1526,1528],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1511,49],{"class":137},[66,1513,199],{"class":80},[66,1515,202],{"class":84},[66,1517,89],{"class":88},[66,1519,202],{"class":84},[66,1521,105],{"class":80},[66,1523,211],{"class":84},[66,1525,110],{"class":88},[66,1527,202],{"class":84},[66,1529,218],{"class":80},[20,1531,1532,1533,50],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[652,1534,1535],{"href":982},[15,1536,985],{},[1430,1538,1540,1541],{"id":1539},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,1542,49],{},[20,1544,1545],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[57,1547,1549],{"className":59,"code":1548,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,1550,1551],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1552,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563,1565,1567,1569],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1554,223],{"class":80},[66,1556,202],{"class":84},[66,1558,89],{"class":88},[66,1560,202],{"class":84},[66,1562,105],{"class":80},[66,1564,211],{"class":84},[66,1566,110],{"class":88},[66,1568,202],{"class":84},[66,1570,240],{"class":80},[20,1572,1573,1574,1576],{},"But ",[15,1575,17],{}," returns:",[57,1578,1579],{"className":59,"code":1505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,1580,1581],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1582,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1584,49],{"class":137},[66,1586,199],{"class":80},[66,1588,202],{"class":84},[66,1590,89],{"class":88},[66,1592,202],{"class":84},[66,1594,105],{"class":80},[66,1596,211],{"class":84},[66,1598,110],{"class":88},[66,1600,202],{"class":84},[66,1602,218],{"class":80},[20,1604,1605],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[57,1607,1609],{"className":59,"code":1608,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,1610,1611,1647,1667,1671],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1612,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1643,1645],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1614,472],{"class":72},[66,1616,77],{"class":76},[66,1618,81],{"class":80},[66,1620,85],{"class":84},[66,1622,89],{"class":88},[66,1624,85],{"class":84},[66,1626,94],{"class":80},[66,1628,97],{"class":84},[66,1630,100],{"class":88},[66,1632,85],{"class":84},[66,1634,105],{"class":80},[66,1636,97],{"class":84},[66,1638,110],{"class":88},[66,1640,85],{"class":84},[66,1642,94],{"class":80},[66,1644,118],{"class":117},[66,1646,121],{"class":80},[66,1648,1649,1652,1654,1657,1659,1661,1663,1665],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1650,1651],{"class":72},"key_list ",[66,1653,77],{"class":76},[66,1655,1656],{"class":173}," list",[66,1658,158],{"class":80},[66,1660,535],{"class":137},[66,1662,50],{"class":80},[66,1664,138],{"class":137},[66,1666,345],{"class":80},[66,1668,1669],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,1670,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,1672,1673,1675,1677,1680],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,1674,155],{"class":154},[66,1676,158],{"class":80},[66,1678,1679],{"class":137},"key_list",[66,1681,163],{"class":80},[1430,1683,1685,1686,1688],{"id":1684},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,1687,17],{}," on a list or string",[20,1690,1691,1693],{},[15,1692,17],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,1695,1696],{},"This causes an error:",[57,1698,1700],{"className":59,"code":1699,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,1701,1702,1727],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1703,1704,1707,1709,1712,1715,1717,1720,1722,1725],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1705,1706],{"class":72},"numbers ",[66,1708,77],{"class":76},[66,1710,1711],{"class":80}," [",[66,1713,1714],{"class":117},"1",[66,1716,105],{"class":80},[66,1718,1719],{"class":117}," 2",[66,1721,105],{"class":80},[66,1723,1724],{"class":117}," 3",[66,1726,240],{"class":80},[66,1728,1729,1731,1733,1736,1738,1740],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1730,155],{"class":154},[66,1732,158],{"class":80},[66,1734,1735],{"class":137},"numbers",[66,1737,50],{"class":80},[66,1739,138],{"class":137},[66,1741,345],{"class":80},[20,1743,1744,1745,1748,1749,1751,1752,50],{},"You may get an ",[15,1746,1747],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,1750,17],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[652,1753,1755,1756,1759],{"href":1754},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,1757,1758],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1430,1761,1763],{"id":1762},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,1765,1766],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[57,1768,1770],{"className":59,"code":1769,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,1771,1772,1796],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1773,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792,1794],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1775,472],{"class":72},[66,1777,77],{"class":76},[66,1779,81],{"class":80},[66,1781,85],{"class":84},[66,1783,89],{"class":88},[66,1785,85],{"class":84},[66,1787,94],{"class":80},[66,1789,97],{"class":84},[66,1791,100],{"class":88},[66,1793,85],{"class":84},[66,1795,121],{"class":80},[66,1797,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1799,155],{"class":154},[66,1801,158],{"class":80},[66,1803,535],{"class":137},[66,1805,50],{"class":80},[66,1807,138],{"class":784},[66,1809,163],{"class":80},[20,1811,1812],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,1814,1815],{},"Use:",[57,1817,1819],{"className":59,"code":1818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,1820,1821],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1822,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1824,155],{"class":154},[66,1826,158],{"class":80},[66,1828,535],{"class":137},[66,1830,50],{"class":80},[66,1832,138],{"class":137},[66,1834,345],{"class":80},[52,1836,1838],{"id":1837},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1840,1841,1842,94],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,1843,17],{},[30,1845,1846,1852,1858,1864],{},[33,1847,1848,1849,1851],{},"Using ",[15,1850,17],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,1853,1854,1855,1857],{},"Thinking ",[15,1856,17],{}," returns values too",[33,1859,1860,1861,1863],{},"Trying to index ",[15,1862,49],{}," like a normal list",[33,1865,1866,1867,1869],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,1868,49],{}," to a list when needed",[20,1871,1872],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[57,1874,1876],{"className":59,"code":1875,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,1877,1878,1912,1927,1931,1941],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1879,1880,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894,1897,1899,1901,1904,1906,1908,1910],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1881,472],{"class":72},[66,1883,77],{"class":76},[66,1885,81],{"class":80},[66,1887,85],{"class":84},[66,1889,652],{"class":88},[66,1891,85],{"class":84},[66,1893,94],{"class":80},[66,1895,1896],{"class":117}," 1",[66,1898,105],{"class":80},[66,1900,97],{"class":84},[66,1902,1903],{"class":88},"b",[66,1905,85],{"class":84},[66,1907,94],{"class":80},[66,1909,1719],{"class":117},[66,1911,121],{"class":80},[66,1913,1914,1916,1918,1921,1923,1925],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1915,127],{"class":72},[66,1917,77],{"class":76},[66,1919,1920],{"class":72}," data",[66,1922,50],{"class":80},[66,1924,138],{"class":137},[66,1926,141],{"class":80},[66,1928,1929],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,1930,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,1932,1933,1935,1937,1939],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,1934,155],{"class":154},[66,1936,158],{"class":80},[66,1938,138],{"class":137},[66,1940,163],{"class":80},[66,1942,1943],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,1944,1946],{"class":1945},"sutJx","# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,1948,1949],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[57,1951,1953],{"className":59,"code":1952,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,1954,1955,1987,2005,2009],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,1956,1957,1959,1961,1963,1965,1967,1969,1971,1973,1975,1977,1979,1981,1983,1985],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,1958,472],{"class":72},[66,1960,77],{"class":76},[66,1962,81],{"class":80},[66,1964,85],{"class":84},[66,1966,652],{"class":88},[66,1968,85],{"class":84},[66,1970,94],{"class":80},[66,1972,1896],{"class":117},[66,1974,105],{"class":80},[66,1976,97],{"class":84},[66,1978,1903],{"class":88},[66,1980,85],{"class":84},[66,1982,94],{"class":80},[66,1984,1719],{"class":117},[66,1986,121],{"class":80},[66,1988,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997,1999,2001,2003],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,1990,127],{"class":72},[66,1992,77],{"class":76},[66,1994,1656],{"class":173},[66,1996,158],{"class":80},[66,1998,535],{"class":137},[66,2000,50],{"class":80},[66,2002,138],{"class":137},[66,2004,345],{"class":80},[66,2006,2007],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,2008,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,2010,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019,2022],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,2012,155],{"class":154},[66,2014,158],{"class":80},[66,2016,138],{"class":137},[66,2018,223],{"class":80},[66,2020,2021],{"class":117},"0",[66,2023,218],{"class":80},[52,2025,2027],{"id":2026},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,2029,2030],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[57,2032,2034],{"className":59,"code":2033,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,2035,2036,2050,2060,2074],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2037,2038,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2039,155],{"class":154},[66,2041,158],{"class":80},[66,2043,912],{"class":173},[66,2045,158],{"class":80},[66,2047,672],{"class":137},[66,2049,181],{"class":80},[66,2051,2052,2054,2056,2058],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2053,155],{"class":154},[66,2055,158],{"class":80},[66,2057,672],{"class":137},[66,2059,163],{"class":80},[66,2061,2062,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,2063,155],{"class":154},[66,2065,158],{"class":80},[66,2067,672],{"class":137},[66,2069,50],{"class":80},[66,2071,138],{"class":137},[66,2073,345],{"class":80},[66,2075,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,2077,155],{"class":154},[66,2079,158],{"class":80},[66,2081,174],{"class":173},[66,2083,158],{"class":80},[66,2085,672],{"class":137},[66,2087,50],{"class":80},[66,2089,138],{"class":137},[66,2091,560],{"class":80},[20,2093,2094],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,2096,2097,2100,2103,2109],{},[33,2098,2099],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,2101,2102],{},"what data it contains",[33,2104,2105,2106,2108],{},"what ",[15,2107,17],{}," returns",[33,2110,2111],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[52,2113,2115],{"id":2114},"faq","FAQ",[1430,2117,2119,2120,2122],{"id":2118},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,2121,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,2124,272,2125,2127],{},[15,2126,49],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1430,2129,2131,2132,2135],{"id":2130},"is-dictkeys-a-list","Is ",[15,2133,2134],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,2137,2138,2139,2141,2142,50],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,2140,49],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,2143,2144],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1430,2146,2148,2149,2151],{"id":2147},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,2150,2134],{},"?",[20,2153,2154,2155,2157],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,2156,1061],{}," loop.",[1430,2159,2161,2162,2164],{"id":2160},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,2163,17],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,2166,2167,2168,2170],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,2169,17],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1430,2172,2174],{"id":2173},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,2176,243,2177,50],{},[15,2178,2179],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[52,2181,2183],{"id":2182},"see-also","See also",[30,2185,2186,2191,2197,2203,2209,2214],{},[33,2187,2188],{},[652,2189,2190],{"href":654},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,2192,2193],{},[652,2194,974,2195,978],{"href":973},[15,2196,977],{},[33,2198,2199],{},[652,2200,974,2201,978],{"href":982},[15,2202,985],{},[33,2204,2205],{},[652,2206,2208],{"href":2207},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,2210,2211],{},[652,2212,2213],{"href":1418},"How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,2215,2216],{},[652,2217,2218,2219,1759],{"href":1754},"How to fix ",[15,2220,1758],{},[2222,2223,2224],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":2226},[2227,2228,2230,2231,2232,2233,2234,2236,2245,2246,2247,2258],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":249,"depth":124,"text":2229},"What keys() does",{"id":458,"depth":124,"text":459},{"id":658,"depth":124,"text":659},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":988,"depth":124,"text":989},{"id":1153,"depth":124,"text":2235},"When to use keys()",{"id":1422,"depth":124,"text":1423,"children":2237},[2238,2240,2242,2244],{"id":1432,"depth":144,"text":2239},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":1539,"depth":144,"text":2241},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":1684,"depth":144,"text":2243},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":1762,"depth":144,"text":1763},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2026,"depth":124,"text":2027},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":2248},[2249,2251,2253,2255,2257],{"id":2118,"depth":144,"text":2250},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":2130,"depth":144,"text":2252},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":2147,"depth":144,"text":2254},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":2160,"depth":144,"text":2256},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":2173,"depth":144,"text":2174},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",{"title":5,"description":2259},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",[2267,3862,5573,7266,9403,11594,13110,15277,17473,19926,21762,24321,26231,28513,30461,32372,34369,35809,37638,40163,42325,43554,44925,46573,48894,50738,52720,54414,55667,57361,59112,61084,62834,64934,66294,68245,69808,71799,73594,75494,77936,80014,82654,84683,86646,88834,90838,93151,94833,96278,97472,98650,100490,102930,104634,106649,108173,109418,110581,111963,114034,115931,117705,119571,121690,123430,124892,126486,128409,130086,132021,133510,136294,137871,139430,141458,143410,144873,146062,147948,149359,151055,152609,154031,155434,157332,159726,161557],{"id":2268,"title":2269,"body":2270,"description":3856,"extension":2260,"meta":3857,"navigation":147,"path":3858,"seo":3859,"stem":3860,"__hash__":3861},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2271,"toc":3828},[2272,2275,2282,2285,2296,2299,2301,2366,2368,2388,2393,2397,2402,2405,2420,2423,2449,2452,2456,2458,2474,2477,2504,2506,2564,2566,2581,2591,2602,2606,2609,2663,2665,2685,2688,2712,2719,2723,2728,2734,2736,2774,2776,2785,2791,2809,2812,2824,2828,2833,2837,2840,2861,2863,2921,2923,2931,2934,2938,2970,2972,2980,2983,2987,2992,3040,3042,3050,3054,3114,3116,3124,3127,3129,3133,3135,3158,3167,3183,3234,3236,3251,3262,3266,3269,3297,3304,3308,3313,3354,3356,3367,3370,3413,3415,3423,3427,3432,3454,3456,3465,3474,3478,3483,3505,3507,3577,3579,3626,3629,3632,3635,3714,3716,3747,3749,3753,3756,3760,3763,3767,3770,3774,3786,3790,3793,3795,3825],[10,2273,2269],{"id":2274},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2276,2277,2278,2281],{},"The ",[15,2279,2280],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2283,2284],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,2286,2287,2290,2293],{},[33,2288,2289],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,2291,2292],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,2294,2295],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2297,2298],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[52,2300,55],{"id":54},[57,2302,2304],{"className":59,"code":2303,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2305,2306,2325,2340],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2307,2308,2310,2312,2315,2317,2320,2323],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2309,155],{"class":154},[66,2311,158],{"class":80},[66,2313,2314],{"class":154},"abs",[66,2316,158],{"class":80},[66,2318,2319],{"class":76},"-",[66,2321,2322],{"class":117},"7",[66,2324,181],{"class":80},[66,2326,2327,2329,2331,2333,2335,2338],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2328,155],{"class":154},[66,2330,158],{"class":80},[66,2332,2314],{"class":154},[66,2334,158],{"class":80},[66,2336,2337],{"class":117},"3.5",[66,2339,181],{"class":80},[66,2341,2342,2344,2346,2348,2350,2352,2355,2358,2361,2364],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,2343,155],{"class":154},[66,2345,158],{"class":80},[66,2347,2314],{"class":154},[66,2349,158],{"class":80},[66,2351,2319],{"class":76},[66,2353,2354],{"class":117},"2",[66,2356,2357],{"class":76},"+",[66,2359,2360],{"class":117},"3",[66,2362,2363],{"class":957},"j",[66,2365,181],{"class":80},[20,2367,187],{},[57,2369,2371],{"className":59,"code":2370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2372,2373,2378,2383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2374,2375],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2376,2377],{"class":117},"7\n",[66,2379,2380],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2381,2382],{"class":117},"3.5\n",[66,2384,2385],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,2386,2387],{"class":117},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2389,243,2390,2392],{},[15,2391,2280],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[52,2394,2396],{"id":2395},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2398,2399,2401],{},[15,2400,2280],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2403,2404],{},"That means:",[30,2406,2407,2410,2413],{},[33,2408,2409],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,2411,2412],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,2414,2415,2417,2418],{},[15,2416,2021],{}," stays ",[15,2419,2021],{},[20,2421,2422],{},"Examples:",[30,2424,2425,2434,2442],{},[33,2426,2427,2430,2431],{},[15,2428,2429],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2432,2433],{},"5",[33,2435,2436,2430,2439],{},[15,2437,2438],{},"abs(9)",[15,2440,2441],{},"9",[33,2443,2444,2430,2447],{},[15,2445,2446],{},"abs(0)",[15,2448,2021],{},[20,2450,2451],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[52,2453,2455],{"id":2454},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,2457,662],{},[57,2459,2461],{"className":59,"code":2460,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"abs(x)\n",[15,2462,2463],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2464,2465,2467,2469,2472],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2466,2314],{"class":154},[66,2468,158],{"class":80},[66,2470,2471],{"class":137},"x",[66,2473,163],{"class":80},[20,2475,2476],{},"Here:",[30,2478,2479,2496,2501],{},[33,2480,2481,2483,2484,2487,2488,2491,2492,2495],{},[15,2482,2471],{}," is usually an ",[15,2485,2486],{},"int",", ",[15,2489,2490],{},"float",", or ",[15,2493,2494],{},"complex"," number",[33,2497,2498,2500],{},[15,2499,2280],{}," returns a new value",[33,2502,2503],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2505,281],{},[57,2507,2509],{"className":59,"code":2508,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2510,2511,2524,2540,2544,2554],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2512,2513,2516,2518,2521],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2514,2515],{"class":72},"number ",[66,2517,77],{"class":76},[66,2519,2520],{"class":76}," -",[66,2522,2523],{"class":117},"12\n",[66,2525,2526,2528,2530,2533,2535,2538],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2527,877],{"class":72},[66,2529,77],{"class":76},[66,2531,2532],{"class":154}," abs",[66,2534,158],{"class":80},[66,2536,2537],{"class":137},"number",[66,2539,163],{"class":80},[66,2541,2542],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,2543,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,2545,2546,2548,2550,2552],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,2547,155],{"class":154},[66,2549,158],{"class":80},[66,2551,2537],{"class":137},[66,2553,163],{"class":80},[66,2555,2556,2558,2560,2562],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,2557,155],{"class":154},[66,2559,158],{"class":80},[66,2561,901],{"class":137},[66,2563,163],{"class":80},[20,2565,187],{},[57,2567,2569],{"className":59,"code":2568,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"-12\n12\n",[15,2570,2571,2577],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2572,2573,2575],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2574,2319],{"class":76},[66,2576,2523],{"class":117},[66,2578,2579],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2580,2523],{"class":117},[20,2582,2583,2584,2586,2587,2590],{},"Notice that ",[15,2585,2537],{}," is still ",[15,2588,2589],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2592,2593,2594,2601],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[652,2595,2597,2600],{"href":2596},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2598,2599],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[52,2603,2605],{"id":2604},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2607,2608],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[57,2610,2612],{"className":59,"code":2611,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2613,2614,2631,2646],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2615,2616,2618,2620,2622,2624,2626,2629],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2617,155],{"class":154},[66,2619,158],{"class":80},[66,2621,2314],{"class":154},[66,2623,158],{"class":80},[66,2625,2319],{"class":76},[66,2627,2628],{"class":117},"10",[66,2630,181],{"class":80},[66,2632,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641,2644],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2634,155],{"class":154},[66,2636,158],{"class":80},[66,2638,2314],{"class":154},[66,2640,158],{"class":80},[66,2642,2643],{"class":117},"8",[66,2645,181],{"class":80},[66,2647,2648,2650,2652,2654,2656,2658,2661],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,2649,155],{"class":154},[66,2651,158],{"class":80},[66,2653,2314],{"class":154},[66,2655,158],{"class":80},[66,2657,2319],{"class":76},[66,2659,2660],{"class":117},"4.2",[66,2662,181],{"class":80},[20,2664,187],{},[57,2666,2668],{"className":59,"code":2667,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2669,2670,2675,2680],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2671,2672],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2673,2674],{"class":117},"10\n",[66,2676,2677],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2678,2679],{"class":117},"8\n",[66,2681,2682],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,2683,2684],{"class":117},"4.2\n",[20,2686,2687],{},"What each line does:",[30,2689,2690,2698,2705],{},[33,2691,2692,2695,2696],{},[15,2693,2694],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2697,2628],{},[33,2699,2700,2695,2703],{},[15,2701,2702],{},"abs(8)",[15,2704,2643],{},[33,2706,2707,2695,2710],{},[15,2708,2709],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2711,2660],{},[20,2713,2714,2715,50],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[652,2716,2718],{"href":2717},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[52,2720,2722],{"id":2721},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2724,2725,2727],{},[15,2726,2280],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2729,2730,2731,2733],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2732,2021],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2735,281],{},[57,2737,2739],{"className":59,"code":2738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2740,2741,2759],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2742,2743,2746,2748,2750,2753,2756],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2744,2745],{"class":72},"value ",[66,2747,77],{"class":76},[66,2749,1724],{"class":117},[66,2751,2752],{"class":76}," +",[66,2754,2755],{"class":117}," 4",[66,2757,2758],{"class":957},"j\n",[66,2760,2761,2763,2765,2767,2769,2772],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2762,155],{"class":154},[66,2764,158],{"class":80},[66,2766,2314],{"class":154},[66,2768,158],{"class":80},[66,2770,2771],{"class":137},"value",[66,2773,181],{"class":80},[20,2775,187],{},[57,2777,2779],{"className":59,"code":2778,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5.0\n",[15,2780,2781],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2782,2783],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2784,2778],{"class":117},[20,2786,2787,2788,2151],{},"Why ",[15,2789,2790],{},"5.0",[30,2792,2793,2798,2804],{},[33,2794,2795,2796],{},"the real part is ",[15,2797,2360],{},[33,2799,2800,2801],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2802,2803],{},"4",[33,2805,2806,2807],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2808,2790],{},[20,2810,2811],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2813,2814,2821],{},[33,2815,2816,2818,2819],{},[15,2817,2280],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2820,2490],{},[33,2822,2823],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[52,2825,2827],{"id":2826},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2829,2830,2831,50],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2832,2280],{},[1430,2834,2836],{"id":2835},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2838,2839],{},"A very common pattern is:",[57,2841,2843],{"className":59,"code":2842,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2844,2845],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2846,2847,2849,2851,2854,2856,2859],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2848,2314],{"class":154},[66,2850,158],{"class":80},[66,2852,2853],{"class":137},"a ",[66,2855,2319],{"class":76},[66,2857,2858],{"class":137}," b",[66,2860,163],{"class":80},[20,2862,281],{},[57,2864,2866],{"className":59,"code":2865,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2867,2868,2877,2887,2891,2910],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2869,2870,2872,2874],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2871,2853],{"class":72},[66,2873,77],{"class":76},[66,2875,2876],{"class":117}," 3\n",[66,2878,2879,2882,2884],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2880,2881],{"class":72},"b ",[66,2883,77],{"class":76},[66,2885,2886],{"class":117}," 10\n",[66,2888,2889],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,2890,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,2892,2893,2896,2898,2900,2902,2904,2906,2908],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,2894,2895],{"class":72},"distance ",[66,2897,77],{"class":76},[66,2899,2532],{"class":154},[66,2901,158],{"class":80},[66,2903,2853],{"class":137},[66,2905,2319],{"class":76},[66,2907,2858],{"class":137},[66,2909,163],{"class":80},[66,2911,2912,2914,2916,2919],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,2913,155],{"class":154},[66,2915,158],{"class":80},[66,2917,2918],{"class":137},"distance",[66,2920,163],{"class":80},[20,2922,187],{},[57,2924,2925],{"className":59,"code":2377,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,2926,2927],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2928,2929],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2930,2377],{"class":117},[20,2932,2933],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1430,2935,2937],{"id":2936},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[57,2939,2941],{"className":59,"code":2940,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2942,2943,2955],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2944,2945,2948,2950,2952],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2946,2947],{"class":72},"temperature_change ",[66,2949,77],{"class":76},[66,2951,2520],{"class":76},[66,2953,2954],{"class":117},"6\n",[66,2956,2957,2959,2961,2963,2965,2968],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,2958,155],{"class":154},[66,2960,158],{"class":80},[66,2962,2314],{"class":154},[66,2964,158],{"class":80},[66,2966,2967],{"class":137},"temperature_change",[66,2969,181],{"class":80},[20,2971,187],{},[57,2973,2974],{"className":59,"code":2954,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,2975,2976],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2977,2978],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,2979,2954],{"class":117},[20,2981,2982],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1430,2984,2986],{"id":2985},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2988,2989,2990,2601],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2991,2280],{},[57,2993,2995],{"className":59,"code":2994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2996,2997,3009,3025,3029],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,2998,2999,3002,3004,3006],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3000,3001],{"class":72},"balance_change ",[66,3003,77],{"class":76},[66,3005,2520],{"class":76},[66,3007,3008],{"class":117},"25\n",[66,3010,3011,3014,3016,3018,3020,3023],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3012,3013],{"class":72},"safe_value ",[66,3015,77],{"class":76},[66,3017,2532],{"class":154},[66,3019,158],{"class":80},[66,3021,3022],{"class":137},"balance_change",[66,3024,163],{"class":80},[66,3026,3027],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3028,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,3030,3031,3033,3035,3038],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,3032,155],{"class":154},[66,3034,158],{"class":80},[66,3036,3037],{"class":137},"safe_value",[66,3039,163],{"class":80},[20,3041,187],{},[57,3043,3044],{"className":59,"code":3008,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,3045,3046],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3047,3048],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3049,3008],{"class":117},[1430,3051,3053],{"id":3052},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[57,3055,3057],{"className":59,"code":3056,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3058,3059,3069,3079,3083,3103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3060,3061,3064,3066],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3062,3063],{"class":72},"guess ",[66,3065,77],{"class":76},[66,3067,3068],{"class":117}," 42\n",[66,3070,3071,3074,3076],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3072,3073],{"class":72},"target ",[66,3075,77],{"class":76},[66,3077,3078],{"class":117}," 50\n",[66,3080,3081],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3082,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,3084,3085,3088,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098,3101],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,3086,3087],{"class":72},"difference ",[66,3089,77],{"class":76},[66,3091,2532],{"class":154},[66,3093,158],{"class":80},[66,3095,3063],{"class":137},[66,3097,2319],{"class":76},[66,3099,3100],{"class":137}," target",[66,3102,163],{"class":80},[66,3104,3105,3107,3109,3112],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,3106,155],{"class":154},[66,3108,158],{"class":80},[66,3110,3111],{"class":137},"difference",[66,3113,163],{"class":80},[20,3115,187],{},[57,3117,3118],{"className":59,"code":2679,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,3119,3120],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3121,3122],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3123,2679],{"class":117},[20,3125,3126],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[52,3128,1838],{"id":1837},[1430,3130,3132],{"id":3131},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3134,1696],{},[57,3136,3138],{"className":59,"code":3137,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3139,3140],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3141,3142,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154,3156],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3143,155],{"class":154},[66,3145,158],{"class":80},[66,3147,2314],{"class":154},[66,3149,158],{"class":80},[66,3151,85],{"class":84},[66,3153,2433],{"class":88},[66,3155,85],{"class":84},[66,3157,181],{"class":80},[20,3159,3160,3163,3164,3166],{},[15,3161,3162],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3165,2280],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3168,3169,3170,3176,3177,94],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[652,3171,3173],{"href":3172},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3174,3175],{},"int()"," or ",[652,3178,3180],{"href":3179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3181,3182],{},"float()",[57,3184,3186],{"className":59,"code":3185,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3187,3188,3211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3189,3190,3192,3194,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3191,155],{"class":154},[66,3193,158],{"class":80},[66,3195,2314],{"class":154},[66,3197,158],{"class":80},[66,3199,2486],{"class":173},[66,3201,158],{"class":80},[66,3203,85],{"class":84},[66,3205,2433],{"class":88},[66,3207,85],{"class":84},[66,3209,3210],{"class":80},")))\n",[66,3212,3213,3215,3217,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227,3230,3232],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3214,155],{"class":154},[66,3216,158],{"class":80},[66,3218,2314],{"class":154},[66,3220,158],{"class":80},[66,3222,2490],{"class":173},[66,3224,158],{"class":80},[66,3226,85],{"class":84},[66,3228,3229],{"class":88},"-3.2",[66,3231,85],{"class":84},[66,3233,3210],{"class":80},[20,3235,187],{},[57,3237,3239],{"className":59,"code":3238,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3240,3241,3246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3242,3243],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3244,3245],{"class":117},"5\n",[66,3247,3248],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3249,3250],{"class":117},"3.2\n",[20,3252,3253,3254,3257,3258,50],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3255,3256],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[652,3259,3261],{"href":3260},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1430,3263,3265],{"id":3264},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3267,3268],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[57,3270,3272],{"className":59,"code":3271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3273,3274],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3275,3276,3278,3280,3282,3284,3286,3288,3290,3292,3294],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3277,155],{"class":154},[66,3279,158],{"class":80},[66,3281,2314],{"class":154},[66,3283,199],{"class":80},[66,3285,1714],{"class":117},[66,3287,105],{"class":80},[66,3289,1719],{"class":117},[66,3291,105],{"class":80},[66,3293,1724],{"class":117},[66,3295,3296],{"class":80},"]))\n",[20,3298,3299,3300,3303],{},"This raises a ",[15,3301,3302],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1430,3305,3307],{"id":3306},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3309,3310,3312],{},[15,3311,2280],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[57,3314,3316],{"className":59,"code":3315,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3317,3318,3330,3340,3344],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3319,3320,3323,3325,3327],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3321,3322],{"class":72},"x ",[66,3324,77],{"class":76},[66,3326,2520],{"class":76},[66,3328,3329],{"class":117},"9\n",[66,3331,3332,3334,3336,3338],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3333,2314],{"class":154},[66,3335,158],{"class":80},[66,3337,2471],{"class":137},[66,3339,163],{"class":80},[66,3341,3342],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3343,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,3345,3346,3348,3350,3352],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,3347,155],{"class":154},[66,3349,158],{"class":80},[66,3351,2471],{"class":137},[66,3353,163],{"class":80},[20,3355,187],{},[57,3357,3359],{"className":59,"code":3358,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"-9\n",[15,3360,3361],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3362,3363,3365],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3364,2319],{"class":76},[66,3366,3329],{"class":117},[20,3368,3369],{},"If you want to store the result:",[57,3371,3373],{"className":59,"code":3372,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3374,3375,3385,3399,3403],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3376,3377,3379,3381,3383],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3378,3322],{"class":72},[66,3380,77],{"class":76},[66,3382,2520],{"class":76},[66,3384,3329],{"class":117},[66,3386,3387,3389,3391,3393,3395,3397],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3388,3322],{"class":72},[66,3390,77],{"class":76},[66,3392,2532],{"class":154},[66,3394,158],{"class":80},[66,3396,2471],{"class":137},[66,3398,163],{"class":80},[66,3400,3401],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3402,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,3404,3405,3407,3409,3411],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,3406,155],{"class":154},[66,3408,158],{"class":80},[66,3410,2471],{"class":137},[66,3412,163],{"class":80},[20,3414,187],{},[57,3416,3417],{"className":59,"code":3329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,3418,3419],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3420,3421],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3422,3329],{"class":117},[1430,3424,3426],{"id":3425},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3428,3429,3431],{},[15,3430,2280],{}," does not round numbers.",[57,3433,3435],{"className":59,"code":3434,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3436,3437],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3438,3439,3441,3443,3445,3447,3449,3452],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3440,155],{"class":154},[66,3442,158],{"class":80},[66,3444,2314],{"class":154},[66,3446,158],{"class":80},[66,3448,2319],{"class":76},[66,3450,3451],{"class":117},"4.7",[66,3453,181],{"class":80},[20,3455,187],{},[57,3457,3459],{"className":59,"code":3458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4.7\n",[15,3460,3461],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3462,3463],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3464,3458],{"class":117},[20,3466,3467,3468,3470,3471,3473],{},"If you expected ",[15,3469,2433],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3472,2280],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[52,3475,3477],{"id":3476},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3479,3480,3482],{},[15,3481,2280],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,3484,3485,3492,3499],{},[33,3486,3487,3489,3490],{},[15,3488,2486],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3491,2486],{},[33,3493,3494,3496,3497],{},[15,3495,2490],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3498,2490],{},[33,3500,3501,3496,3503],{},[15,3502,2494],{},[15,3504,2490],{},[20,3506,281],{},[57,3508,3510],{"className":59,"code":3509,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3511,3512,3532,3553],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3513,3514,3516,3518,3520,3522,3524,3526,3528,3530],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3515,155],{"class":154},[66,3517,158],{"class":80},[66,3519,912],{"class":173},[66,3521,158],{"class":80},[66,3523,2314],{"class":154},[66,3525,158],{"class":80},[66,3527,2319],{"class":76},[66,3529,2433],{"class":117},[66,3531,3210],{"class":80},[66,3533,3534,3536,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548,3551],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3535,155],{"class":154},[66,3537,158],{"class":80},[66,3539,912],{"class":173},[66,3541,158],{"class":80},[66,3543,2314],{"class":154},[66,3545,158],{"class":80},[66,3547,2319],{"class":76},[66,3549,3550],{"class":117},"3.2",[66,3552,3210],{"class":80},[66,3554,3555,3557,3559,3561,3563,3565,3567,3569,3571,3573,3575],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3556,155],{"class":154},[66,3558,158],{"class":80},[66,3560,912],{"class":173},[66,3562,158],{"class":80},[66,3564,2314],{"class":154},[66,3566,158],{"class":80},[66,3568,2360],{"class":117},[66,3570,2752],{"class":76},[66,3572,2755],{"class":117},[66,3574,2363],{"class":957},[66,3576,3210],{"class":80},[20,3578,187],{},[57,3580,3582],{"className":59,"code":3581,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3583,3584,3598,3612],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3585,3586,3588,3590,3592,3594,3596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3587,954],{"class":76},[66,3589,958],{"class":957},[66,3591,211],{"class":84},[66,3593,2486],{"class":88},[66,3595,202],{"class":84},[66,3597,967],{"class":76},[66,3599,3600,3602,3604,3606,3608,3610],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3601,954],{"class":76},[66,3603,958],{"class":957},[66,3605,211],{"class":84},[66,3607,2490],{"class":88},[66,3609,202],{"class":84},[66,3611,967],{"class":76},[66,3613,3614,3616,3618,3620,3622,3624],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3615,954],{"class":76},[66,3617,958],{"class":957},[66,3619,211],{"class":84},[66,3621,2490],{"class":88},[66,3623,202],{"class":84},[66,3625,967],{"class":76},[20,3627,3628],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3630,3631],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3633,3634],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[57,3636,3638],{"className":59,"code":3637,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3639,3640,3653,3663,3677,3681,3695],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3641,3642,3644,3646,3648,3651],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3643,2745],{"class":72},[66,3645,77],{"class":76},[66,3647,97],{"class":84},[66,3649,3650],{"class":88},"-5",[66,3652,376],{"class":84},[66,3654,3655,3657,3659,3661],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3656,155],{"class":154},[66,3658,158],{"class":80},[66,3660,2771],{"class":137},[66,3662,163],{"class":80},[66,3664,3665,3667,3669,3671,3673,3675],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3666,155],{"class":154},[66,3668,158],{"class":80},[66,3670,912],{"class":173},[66,3672,158],{"class":80},[66,3674,2771],{"class":137},[66,3676,181],{"class":80},[66,3678,3679],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,3680,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,3682,3683,3686,3688,3690,3693],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,3684,3685],{"class":72},"user_input ",[66,3687,77],{"class":76},[66,3689,97],{"class":84},[66,3691,3692],{"class":88},"-3.7",[66,3694,376],{"class":84},[66,3696,3697,3699,3701,3703,3705,3707,3709,3712],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,3698,155],{"class":154},[66,3700,158],{"class":80},[66,3702,2314],{"class":154},[66,3704,158],{"class":80},[66,3706,2490],{"class":173},[66,3708,158],{"class":80},[66,3710,3711],{"class":137},"user_input",[66,3713,3210],{"class":80},[20,3715,187],{},[57,3717,3719],{"className":59,"code":3718,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3720,3721,3727,3742],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3722,3723,3725],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3724,2319],{"class":76},[66,3726,3245],{"class":117},[66,3728,3729,3731,3733,3735,3738,3740],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3730,954],{"class":76},[66,3732,958],{"class":957},[66,3734,211],{"class":84},[66,3736,3737],{"class":88},"str",[66,3739,202],{"class":84},[66,3741,967],{"class":76},[66,3743,3744],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3745,3746],{"class":117},"3.7\n",[52,3748,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,3750,3752],{"id":3751},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3754,3755],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1430,3757,3759],{"id":3758},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3761,3762],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1430,3764,3766],{"id":3765},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3768,3769],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1430,3771,3773],{"id":3772},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3775,3776,3778,3779,3176,3781,3783,3784,50],{},[15,3777,3256],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3780,3175],{},[15,3782,3182],{}," before using ",[15,3785,2280],{},[1430,3787,3789],{"id":3788},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3791,3792],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[52,3794,2183],{"id":2182},[30,3796,3797,3804,3810,3816,3821],{},[33,3798,3799],{},[652,3800,3801,3803],{"href":3172},[15,3802,3175],{}," function explained",[33,3805,3806],{},[652,3807,3808,3803],{"href":3179},[15,3809,3182],{},[33,3811,3812],{},[652,3813,3814,3803],{"href":2596},[15,3815,2599],{},[33,3817,3818],{},[652,3819,3820],{"href":3260},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3822,3823],{},[652,3824,2718],{"href":2717},[2222,3826,3827],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":3829},[3830,3831,3832,3833,3834,3835,3841,3847,3848,3855],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":2395,"depth":124,"text":2396},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":2604,"depth":124,"text":2605},{"id":2721,"depth":124,"text":2722},{"id":2826,"depth":124,"text":2827,"children":3836},[3837,3838,3839,3840],{"id":2835,"depth":144,"text":2836},{"id":2936,"depth":144,"text":2937},{"id":2985,"depth":144,"text":2986},{"id":3052,"depth":144,"text":3053},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":3842},[3843,3844,3845,3846],{"id":3131,"depth":144,"text":3132},{"id":3264,"depth":144,"text":3265},{"id":3306,"depth":144,"text":3307},{"id":3425,"depth":144,"text":3426},{"id":3476,"depth":124,"text":3477},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":3849},[3850,3851,3852,3853,3854],{"id":3751,"depth":144,"text":3752},{"id":3758,"depth":144,"text":3759},{"id":3765,"depth":144,"text":3766},{"id":3772,"depth":144,"text":3773},{"id":3788,"depth":144,"text":3789},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2269,"description":3856},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3863,"title":3864,"body":3865,"description":5567,"extension":2260,"meta":5568,"navigation":147,"path":5569,"seo":5570,"stem":5571,"__hash__":5572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3866,"toc":5531},[3867,3875,3881,3884,3900,3904,3958,3968,3973,3977,3996,3999,4016,4019,4023,4031,4048,4051,4091,4094,4101,4107,4182,4184,4215,4221,4225,4229,4268,4270,4279,4286,4290,4329,4331,4340,4350,4354,4410,4412,4420,4423,4426,4473,4475,4483,4489,4496,4501,4504,4507,4574,4576,4584,4587,4654,4656,4664,4678,4681,4693,4697,4703,4706,4708,4724,4726,4734,4737,4740,4743,4760,4763,4766,4796,4798,4811,4815,4819,4822,4837,4842,4845,4872,4879,4882,4921,4928,4934,4942,4945,4997,5004,5068,5073,5082,5085,5103,5109,5112,5254,5259,5264,5267,5278,5281,5337,5339,5347,5350,5409,5411,5419,5422,5433,5435,5441,5450,5459,5462,5469,5472,5481,5494,5496,5528],[10,3868,3870,3871,3874],{"id":3869},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3872,3873],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3876,3877,3878,3880],{},"Python’s ",[15,3879,3873],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3882,3883],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3885,3886,3889,3892],{},[33,3887,3888],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3890,3891],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3893,3894,2695,3897,3899],{},[15,3895,3896],{},"all([])",[15,3898,1386],{},", which often seems strange at first",[52,3901,3903],{"id":3902},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[57,3905,3907],{"className":59,"code":3906,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3908,3909,3929,3944],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,3910,3911,3913,3915,3917,3919,3921,3923,3925,3927],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,3912,1706],{"class":72},[66,3914,77],{"class":76},[66,3916,1711],{"class":80},[66,3918,1714],{"class":117},[66,3920,105],{"class":80},[66,3922,1719],{"class":117},[66,3924,105],{"class":80},[66,3926,1724],{"class":117},[66,3928,240],{"class":80},[66,3930,3931,3933,3935,3938,3940,3942],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,3932,877],{"class":72},[66,3934,77],{"class":76},[66,3936,3937],{"class":154}," all",[66,3939,158],{"class":80},[66,3941,1735],{"class":137},[66,3943,163],{"class":80},[66,3945,3946,3948,3950,3952,3955],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,3947,155],{"class":154},[66,3949,158],{"class":80},[66,3951,901],{"class":137},[66,3953,3954],{"class":80},")",[66,3956,3957],{"class":1945},"  # True\n",[20,3959,3960,2695,3962,3964,3965,50],{},[15,3961,3873],{},[15,3963,1386],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3966,3967],{},"False",[52,3969,250,3971,253],{"id":3970},"what-all-does",[15,3972,3873],{},[20,3974,3975,94],{},[15,3976,3873],{},[30,3978,3979,3982,3988,3993],{},[33,3980,3981],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3983,3984,3985,3987],{},"returns ",[15,3986,1386],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3989,3984,3990,3992],{},[15,3991,3967],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3994,3995],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3997,3998],{},"Basic syntax:",[57,4000,4002],{"className":59,"code":4001,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4003,4004],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4005,4006,4009,4011,4014],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4007,4008],{"class":154},"all",[66,4010,158],{"class":80},[66,4012,4013],{"class":137},"iterable",[66,4015,163],{"class":80},[20,4017,4018],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[52,4020,4022],{"id":4021},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4024,4025,4026,3176,4028,4030],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4027,1386],{},[15,4029,3967],{}," in conditions.",[30,4032,4033,4041],{},[33,4034,4035,4038,4039],{},[185,4036,4037],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4040,1386],{},[33,4042,4043,4038,4046],{},[185,4044,4045],{},"Falsy",[15,4047,3967],{},[20,4049,4050],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,4052,4053,4057,4062,4067,4072,4076,4081,4086],{},[33,4054,4055],{},[15,4056,2021],{},[33,4058,4059],{},[15,4060,4061],{},"0.0",[33,4063,4064],{},[15,4065,4066],{},"''",[33,4068,4069],{},[15,4070,4071],{},"None",[33,4073,4074],{},[15,4075,3967],{},[33,4077,4078],{},[15,4079,4080],{},"[]",[33,4082,4083],{},[15,4084,4085],{},"{}",[33,4087,4088],{},[15,4089,4090],{},"set()",[20,4092,4093],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4095,4096,4097,50],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[652,4098,4100],{"href":4099},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4102,4103,4104,94],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4105,4106],{},"bool()",[57,4108,4110],{"className":59,"code":4109,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4111,4112,4150,4154],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4113,4114,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4128,4130,4133,4135,4137,4140,4142,4144,4148],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4115,4116],{"class":72},"values ",[66,4118,77],{"class":76},[66,4120,1711],{"class":80},[66,4122,1714],{"class":117},[66,4124,105],{"class":80},[66,4126,4127],{"class":117}," 0",[66,4129,105],{"class":80},[66,4131,4132],{"class":84}," ''",[66,4134,105],{"class":80},[66,4136,211],{"class":84},[66,4138,4139],{"class":88},"hello",[66,4141,202],{"class":84},[66,4143,105],{"class":80},[66,4145,4147],{"class":4146},"s39Yj"," None",[66,4149,240],{"class":80},[66,4151,4152],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4153,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,4155,4156,4158,4160,4163,4165,4167,4169,4172,4175,4177,4180],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,4157,155],{"class":154},[66,4159,199],{"class":80},[66,4161,4162],{"class":173},"bool",[66,4164,158],{"class":80},[66,4166,2471],{"class":137},[66,4168,3954],{"class":80},[66,4170,4171],{"class":1060}," for",[66,4173,4174],{"class":137}," x ",[66,4176,1067],{"class":1060},[66,4178,4179],{"class":137}," values",[66,4181,218],{"class":80},[20,4183,187],{},[57,4185,4187],{"className":59,"code":4186,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4188,4189],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4190,4191,4193,4195,4197,4200,4202,4204,4206,4209,4211,4213],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4192,223],{"class":80},[66,4194,1386],{"class":4146},[66,4196,105],{"class":80},[66,4198,4199],{"class":4146}," False",[66,4201,105],{"class":80},[66,4203,4199],{"class":4146},[66,4205,105],{"class":80},[66,4207,4208],{"class":4146}," True",[66,4210,105],{"class":80},[66,4212,4199],{"class":4146},[66,4214,240],{"class":80},[20,4216,4217,4218,4220],{},"This matters because ",[15,4219,3873],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[52,4222,4224],{"id":4223},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1430,4226,4228],{"id":4227},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[57,4230,4232],{"className":59,"code":4231,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4233,4234,4254],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4235,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4237,1706],{"class":72},[66,4239,77],{"class":76},[66,4241,1711],{"class":80},[66,4243,1714],{"class":117},[66,4245,105],{"class":80},[66,4247,1719],{"class":117},[66,4249,105],{"class":80},[66,4251,1724],{"class":117},[66,4253,240],{"class":80},[66,4255,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4257,155],{"class":154},[66,4259,158],{"class":80},[66,4261,4008],{"class":154},[66,4263,158],{"class":80},[66,4265,1735],{"class":137},[66,4267,181],{"class":80},[20,4269,187],{},[57,4271,4273],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\n",[15,4274,4275],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4276,4277],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4278,4272],{"class":4146},[20,4280,4281,4282,2695,4284,50],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4283,3873],{},[15,4285,1386],{},[1430,4287,4289],{"id":4288},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[57,4291,4293],{"className":59,"code":4292,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4294,4295,4315],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4296,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4298,1706],{"class":72},[66,4300,77],{"class":76},[66,4302,1711],{"class":80},[66,4304,1714],{"class":117},[66,4306,105],{"class":80},[66,4308,4127],{"class":117},[66,4310,105],{"class":80},[66,4312,1724],{"class":117},[66,4314,240],{"class":80},[66,4316,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4318,155],{"class":154},[66,4320,158],{"class":80},[66,4322,4008],{"class":154},[66,4324,158],{"class":80},[66,4326,1735],{"class":137},[66,4328,181],{"class":80},[20,4330,187],{},[57,4332,4334],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\n",[15,4335,4336],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4337,4338],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4339,4333],{"class":4146},[20,4341,4342,4343,4345,4346,2695,4348,50],{},"The value ",[15,4344,2021],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4347,3873],{},[15,4349,3967],{},[1430,4351,4353],{"id":4352},"example-strings","Example: strings",[57,4355,4357],{"className":59,"code":4356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4358,4359,4395],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4360,4361,4364,4366,4368,4370,4373,4375,4377,4379,4382,4384,4386,4388,4391,4393],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4362,4363],{"class":72},"words ",[66,4365,77],{"class":76},[66,4367,1711],{"class":80},[66,4369,202],{"class":84},[66,4371,4372],{"class":88},"apple",[66,4374,202],{"class":84},[66,4376,105],{"class":80},[66,4378,211],{"class":84},[66,4380,4381],{"class":88},"banana",[66,4383,202],{"class":84},[66,4385,105],{"class":80},[66,4387,211],{"class":84},[66,4389,4390],{"class":88},"cherry",[66,4392,202],{"class":84},[66,4394,240],{"class":80},[66,4396,4397,4399,4401,4403,4405,4408],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4398,155],{"class":154},[66,4400,158],{"class":80},[66,4402,4008],{"class":154},[66,4404,158],{"class":80},[66,4406,4407],{"class":137},"words",[66,4409,181],{"class":80},[20,4411,187],{},[57,4413,4414],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4415,4416],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4417,4418],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4419,4272],{"class":4146},[20,4421,4422],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4424,4425],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[57,4427,4429],{"className":59,"code":4428,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4430,4431,4459],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4432,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4434,4363],{"class":72},[66,4436,77],{"class":76},[66,4438,1711],{"class":80},[66,4440,202],{"class":84},[66,4442,4372],{"class":88},[66,4444,202],{"class":84},[66,4446,105],{"class":80},[66,4448,4132],{"class":84},[66,4450,105],{"class":80},[66,4452,211],{"class":84},[66,4454,4390],{"class":88},[66,4456,202],{"class":84},[66,4458,240],{"class":80},[66,4460,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4462,155],{"class":154},[66,4464,158],{"class":80},[66,4466,4008],{"class":154},[66,4468,158],{"class":80},[66,4470,4407],{"class":137},[66,4472,181],{"class":80},[20,4474,187],{},[57,4476,4477],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4478,4479],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4480,4481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4482,4333],{"class":4146},[20,4484,4485,4486,4488],{},"The empty string ",[15,4487,4066],{}," is falsy.",[52,4490,4492,4493,4495],{"id":4491},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4494,3873],{}," works with conditions",[20,4497,4498,4500],{},[15,4499,3873],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4502,4503],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4505,4506],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[57,4508,4510],{"className":59,"code":4509,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4511,4512,4532,4560,4564],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4513,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4530],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4515,1706],{"class":72},[66,4517,77],{"class":76},[66,4519,1711],{"class":80},[66,4521,1714],{"class":117},[66,4523,105],{"class":80},[66,4525,1719],{"class":117},[66,4527,105],{"class":80},[66,4529,1724],{"class":117},[66,4531,240],{"class":80},[66,4533,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4558],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4535,877],{"class":72},[66,4537,77],{"class":76},[66,4539,3937],{"class":154},[66,4541,158],{"class":80},[66,4543,3322],{"class":137},[66,4545,4546],{"class":76},">",[66,4548,4127],{"class":117},[66,4550,4171],{"class":1060},[66,4552,4174],{"class":137},[66,4554,1067],{"class":1060},[66,4556,4557],{"class":137}," numbers",[66,4559,163],{"class":80},[66,4561,4562],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,4563,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,4565,4566,4568,4570,4572],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,4567,155],{"class":154},[66,4569,158],{"class":80},[66,4571,901],{"class":137},[66,4573,163],{"class":80},[20,4575,187],{},[57,4577,4578],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4579,4580],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4581,4582],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4583,4272],{"class":4146},[20,4585,4586],{},"Here is one that fails:",[57,4588,4590],{"className":59,"code":4589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4591,4592,4614,4640,4644],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4593,4594,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604,4606,4608,4610,4612],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4595,1706],{"class":72},[66,4597,77],{"class":76},[66,4599,1711],{"class":80},[66,4601,1714],{"class":117},[66,4603,105],{"class":80},[66,4605,2520],{"class":76},[66,4607,2354],{"class":117},[66,4609,105],{"class":80},[66,4611,1724],{"class":117},[66,4613,240],{"class":80},[66,4615,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4617,877],{"class":72},[66,4619,77],{"class":76},[66,4621,3937],{"class":154},[66,4623,158],{"class":80},[66,4625,3322],{"class":137},[66,4627,4546],{"class":76},[66,4629,4127],{"class":117},[66,4631,4171],{"class":1060},[66,4633,4174],{"class":137},[66,4635,1067],{"class":1060},[66,4637,4557],{"class":137},[66,4639,163],{"class":80},[66,4641,4642],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,4643,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,4645,4646,4648,4650,4652],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,4647,155],{"class":154},[66,4649,158],{"class":80},[66,4651,901],{"class":137},[66,4653,163],{"class":80},[20,4655,187],{},[57,4657,4658],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4659,4660],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4661,4662],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4663,4333],{"class":4146},[20,4665,4666,4667,4670,4671,4673,4674,2695,4676,50],{},"The expression ",[15,4668,4669],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4672,1386],{},", then ",[15,4675,3873],{},[15,4677,1386],{},[20,4679,4680],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4682,4683,4684,4688,4689,50],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[652,4685,4687],{"href":4686},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[652,4690,4692],{"href":4691},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[52,4694,4696],{"id":4695},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4698,4699,2695,4701,50],{},[15,4700,3896],{},[15,4702,1386],{},[20,4704,4705],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4707,281],{},[57,4709,4711],{"className":59,"code":4710,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4712,4713],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4714,4715,4717,4719,4721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4716,155],{"class":154},[66,4718,158],{"class":80},[66,4720,4008],{"class":154},[66,4722,4723],{"class":80},"([]))\n",[20,4725,187],{},[57,4727,4728],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4729,4730],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4731,4732],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4733,4272],{"class":4146},[20,4735,4736],{},"Why?",[20,4738,4739],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4741,4742],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4744,4745,4752,4755],{},[33,4746,4747,2695,4749,4751],{},[15,4748,3873],{},[15,4750,3967],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4753,4754],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4756,4757,4758],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4759,3967],{},[20,4761,4762],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4764,4765],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[57,4767,4769],{"className":59,"code":4768,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4770,4771,4782],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4772,4773,4775,4777,4779],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4774,155],{"class":154},[66,4776,158],{"class":80},[66,4778,4008],{"class":154},[66,4780,4781],{"class":80},"(()))\n",[66,4783,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4785,155],{"class":154},[66,4787,158],{"class":80},[66,4789,4008],{"class":154},[66,4791,158],{"class":80},[66,4793,4066],{"class":84},[66,4795,181],{"class":80},[20,4797,187],{},[57,4799,4801],{"className":59,"code":4800,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4802,4803,4807],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4804,4805],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4806,4272],{"class":4146},[66,4808,4809],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4810,4272],{"class":4146},[52,4812,4814],{"id":4813},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1430,4816,4818],{"id":4817},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4820,4821],{},"This is wrong:",[57,4823,4825],{"className":59,"code":4824,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4826,4827,4832],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4828,4829],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4830,4831],{"class":1945},"# Wrong\n",[66,4833,4834],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4835,4836],{"class":1945},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4838,4839,4841],{},[15,4840,3873],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4843,4844],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[57,4846,4848],{"className":59,"code":4847,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4849,4850],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4851,4852,4854,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4853,155],{"class":154},[66,4855,158],{"class":80},[66,4857,4008],{"class":154},[66,4859,199],{"class":80},[66,4861,1714],{"class":117},[66,4863,105],{"class":80},[66,4865,1719],{"class":117},[66,4867,105],{"class":80},[66,4869,1724],{"class":117},[66,4871,3296],{"class":80},[1430,4873,4875,4876,4878],{"id":4874},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4877,3873],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4880,4881],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[57,4883,4885],{"className":59,"code":4884,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4886,4887,4907],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4888,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4890,1706],{"class":72},[66,4892,77],{"class":76},[66,4894,1711],{"class":80},[66,4896,2433],{"class":117},[66,4898,105],{"class":80},[66,4900,1231],{"class":117},[66,4902,105],{"class":80},[66,4904,1231],{"class":117},[66,4906,240],{"class":80},[66,4908,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4910,155],{"class":154},[66,4912,158],{"class":80},[66,4914,4008],{"class":154},[66,4916,158],{"class":80},[66,4918,1735],{"class":137},[66,4920,181],{"class":80},[20,4922,4923,4924,4927],{},"This does ",[185,4925,4926],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4929,4930,4931,4933],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4932,2433],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[57,4935,4936],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,4937,4938],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4939,4940],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4941,4272],{"class":4146},[20,4943,4944],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[57,4946,4948],{"className":59,"code":4947,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4949,4950,4970],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,4951,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,4953,1706],{"class":72},[66,4955,77],{"class":76},[66,4957,1711],{"class":80},[66,4959,2433],{"class":117},[66,4961,105],{"class":80},[66,4963,1231],{"class":117},[66,4965,105],{"class":80},[66,4967,1231],{"class":117},[66,4969,240],{"class":80},[66,4971,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4985,4987,4989,4991,4993,4995],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,4973,155],{"class":154},[66,4975,158],{"class":80},[66,4977,4008],{"class":154},[66,4979,158],{"class":80},[66,4981,3322],{"class":137},[66,4983,4984],{"class":76},"==",[66,4986,1231],{"class":117},[66,4988,4171],{"class":1060},[66,4990,4174],{"class":137},[66,4992,1067],{"class":1060},[66,4994,4557],{"class":137},[66,4996,181],{"class":80},[1430,4998,5000,5001,5003],{"id":4999},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5002,2021],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[57,5005,5007],{"className":59,"code":5006,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5008,5009,5035],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5010,5011,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5032],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5012,155],{"class":154},[66,5014,158],{"class":80},[66,5016,4008],{"class":154},[66,5018,199],{"class":80},[66,5020,1714],{"class":117},[66,5022,105],{"class":80},[66,5024,1719],{"class":117},[66,5026,105],{"class":80},[66,5028,4127],{"class":117},[66,5030,5031],{"class":80},"]))",[66,5033,5034],{"class":1945},"       # False\n",[66,5036,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,5038,155],{"class":154},[66,5040,158],{"class":80},[66,5042,4008],{"class":154},[66,5044,199],{"class":80},[66,5046,202],{"class":84},[66,5048,652],{"class":88},[66,5050,202],{"class":84},[66,5052,105],{"class":80},[66,5054,211],{"class":84},[66,5056,1903],{"class":88},[66,5058,202],{"class":84},[66,5060,105],{"class":80},[66,5062,4132],{"class":84},[66,5064,5031],{"class":80},[66,5066,5067],{"class":1945},"  # False\n",[20,5069,5070,5071,50],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5072,3967],{},[1430,5074,5076,5077,5079,5080],{"id":5075},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5078,3896],{}," is ",[15,5081,1386],{},[20,5083,5084],{},"This is expected behavior:",[57,5086,5088],{"className":59,"code":5087,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5089,5090],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5091,5092,5094,5096,5098,5101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5093,155],{"class":154},[66,5095,158],{"class":80},[66,5097,4008],{"class":154},[66,5099,5100],{"class":80},"([]))",[66,5102,3957],{"class":1945},[20,5104,5105,5106,5108],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5107,1386],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5110,5111],{},"Useful quick tests:",[57,5113,5115],{"className":59,"code":5114,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5116,5117,5139,5161,5208,5244],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5118,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127,5129,5131,5133,5135,5137],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5120,155],{"class":154},[66,5122,158],{"class":80},[66,5124,4008],{"class":154},[66,5126,199],{"class":80},[66,5128,1714],{"class":117},[66,5130,105],{"class":80},[66,5132,1719],{"class":117},[66,5134,105],{"class":80},[66,5136,1724],{"class":117},[66,5138,3296],{"class":80},[66,5140,5141,5143,5145,5147,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,5142,155],{"class":154},[66,5144,158],{"class":80},[66,5146,4008],{"class":154},[66,5148,199],{"class":80},[66,5150,1714],{"class":117},[66,5152,105],{"class":80},[66,5154,4127],{"class":117},[66,5156,105],{"class":80},[66,5158,1724],{"class":117},[66,5160,3296],{"class":80},[66,5162,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175,5177,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5189,5191,5193,5195,5197,5199,5201,5203,5205],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,5164,155],{"class":154},[66,5166,199],{"class":80},[66,5168,4162],{"class":173},[66,5170,158],{"class":80},[66,5172,2471],{"class":137},[66,5174,3954],{"class":80},[66,5176,4171],{"class":1060},[66,5178,4174],{"class":137},[66,5180,1067],{"class":1060},[66,5182,1711],{"class":80},[66,5184,1714],{"class":117},[66,5186,105],{"class":80},[66,5188,4127],{"class":117},[66,5190,105],{"class":80},[66,5192,4132],{"class":84},[66,5194,105],{"class":80},[66,5196,211],{"class":84},[66,5198,4139],{"class":88},[66,5200,202],{"class":84},[66,5202,105],{"class":80},[66,5204,4147],{"class":4146},[66,5206,5207],{"class":80},"]])\n",[66,5209,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,5211,155],{"class":154},[66,5213,158],{"class":80},[66,5215,4008],{"class":154},[66,5217,158],{"class":80},[66,5219,3322],{"class":137},[66,5221,4546],{"class":76},[66,5223,4127],{"class":117},[66,5225,4171],{"class":1060},[66,5227,4174],{"class":137},[66,5229,1067],{"class":1060},[66,5231,1711],{"class":80},[66,5233,1714],{"class":117},[66,5235,105],{"class":80},[66,5237,1719],{"class":117},[66,5239,105],{"class":80},[66,5241,1724],{"class":117},[66,5243,3296],{"class":80},[66,5245,5246,5248,5250,5252],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,5247,155],{"class":154},[66,5249,158],{"class":80},[66,5251,4008],{"class":154},[66,5253,4723],{"class":80},[52,5255,1154,5257],{"id":5256},"when-to-use-all",[15,5258,3873],{},[20,5260,5261,5263],{},[15,5262,3873],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5265,5266],{},"Common use cases:",[30,5268,5269,5272,5275],{},[33,5270,5271],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,5273,5274],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,5276,5277],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5279,5280],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[57,5282,5284],{"className":59,"code":5283,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5285,5286,5322],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5287,5288,5291,5293,5295,5297,5300,5302,5304,5306,5309,5311,5313,5315,5318,5320],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5289,5290],{"class":72},"names ",[66,5292,77],{"class":76},[66,5294,1711],{"class":80},[66,5296,202],{"class":84},[66,5298,5299],{"class":88},"Alice",[66,5301,202],{"class":84},[66,5303,105],{"class":80},[66,5305,211],{"class":84},[66,5307,5308],{"class":88},"Bob",[66,5310,202],{"class":84},[66,5312,105],{"class":80},[66,5314,211],{"class":84},[66,5316,5317],{"class":88},"Charlie",[66,5319,202],{"class":84},[66,5321,240],{"class":80},[66,5323,5324,5326,5328,5330,5332,5335],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,5325,155],{"class":154},[66,5327,158],{"class":80},[66,5329,4008],{"class":154},[66,5331,158],{"class":80},[66,5333,5334],{"class":137},"names",[66,5336,181],{"class":80},[20,5338,187],{},[57,5340,5341],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,5342,5343],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5344,5345],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5346,4272],{"class":4146},[20,5348,5349],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[57,5351,5353],{"className":59,"code":5352,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5354,5355,5379],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5356,5357,5360,5362,5364,5367,5369,5372,5374,5377],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5358,5359],{"class":72},"scores ",[66,5361,77],{"class":76},[66,5363,1711],{"class":80},[66,5365,5366],{"class":117},"75",[66,5368,105],{"class":80},[66,5370,5371],{"class":117}," 80",[66,5373,105],{"class":80},[66,5375,5376],{"class":117}," 50",[66,5378,240],{"class":80},[66,5380,5381,5383,5385,5387,5389,5392,5395,5397,5399,5402,5404,5407],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,5382,155],{"class":154},[66,5384,158],{"class":80},[66,5386,4008],{"class":154},[66,5388,158],{"class":80},[66,5390,5391],{"class":137},"score ",[66,5393,5394],{"class":76},">=",[66,5396,5376],{"class":117},[66,5398,4171],{"class":1060},[66,5400,5401],{"class":137}," score ",[66,5403,1067],{"class":1060},[66,5405,5406],{"class":137}," scores",[66,5408,181],{"class":80},[20,5410,187],{},[57,5412,5413],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,5414,5415],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5416,5417],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5418,4272],{"class":4146},[20,5420,5421],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5423,5424,5425,4688,5429,50],{},"For related tasks, see ",[652,5426,5428],{"href":5427},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[652,5430,5432],{"href":5431},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[52,5434,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,5436,5438,5439,2122],{"id":5437},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5440,3873],{},[20,5442,5443,5444,5446,5447,5449],{},"It returns ",[15,5445,1386],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5448,3967],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1430,5451,5453,5454,5456,5457,2151],{"id":5452},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5455,3896],{}," return ",[15,5458,1386],{},[20,5460,5461],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1430,5463,5465,5466,5468],{"id":5464},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5467,3873],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5470,5471],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1430,5473,5475,5476,4688,5478,2151],{"id":5474},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5477,3873],{},[15,5479,5480],{},"any()",[20,5482,5483,5485,5486,5488,5489,50],{},[15,5484,3873],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5487,5480],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[652,5490,3870,5492,3803],{"href":5491},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5493,5480],{},[52,5495,2183],{"id":2182},[30,5497,5498,5504,5508,5513,5518,5523],{},[33,5499,5500],{},[652,5501,3870,5502,3803],{"href":5491},[15,5503,5480],{},[33,5505,5506],{},[652,5507,4100],{"href":4099},[33,5509,5510],{},[652,5511,5512],{"href":5431},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5514,5515],{},[652,5516,5517],{"href":5427},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,5519,5520],{},[652,5521,5522],{"href":4686},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,5524,5525],{},[652,5526,5527],{"href":4691},"What is an iterable in Python",[2222,5529,5530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":5532},[5533,5534,5536,5537,5542,5544,5545,5554,5556,5566],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":3970,"depth":124,"text":5535},"What all() does",{"id":4021,"depth":124,"text":4022},{"id":4223,"depth":124,"text":4224,"children":5538},[5539,5540,5541],{"id":4227,"depth":144,"text":4228},{"id":4288,"depth":144,"text":4289},{"id":4352,"depth":144,"text":4353},{"id":4491,"depth":124,"text":5543},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4695,"depth":124,"text":4696},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":5546},[5547,5548,5550,5552],{"id":4817,"depth":144,"text":4818},{"id":4874,"depth":144,"text":5549},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4999,"depth":144,"text":5551},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5075,"depth":144,"text":5553},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5256,"depth":124,"text":5555},"When to use all()",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":5557},[5558,5560,5562,5564],{"id":5437,"depth":144,"text":5559},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5452,"depth":144,"text":5561},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5464,"depth":144,"text":5563},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5474,"depth":144,"text":5565},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3864,"description":5567},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5574,"title":5575,"body":5576,"description":7261,"extension":2260,"meta":7262,"navigation":147,"path":5491,"seo":7263,"stem":7264,"__hash__":7265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5577,"toc":7239},[5578,5581,5589,5592,5609,5617,5661,5670,5674,5679,5682,5699,5702,5713,5725,5727,5730,5745,5750,5753,5765,5768,5852,5855,5876,5882,5884,5892,5906,5908,5942,5944,5947,6008,6010,6027,6030,6057,6059,6067,6079,6081,6084,6123,6125,6133,6135,6151,6159,6162,6205,6207,6215,6220,6224,6232,6235,6261,6264,6267,6341,6343,6351,6358,6382,6393,6396,6475,6477,6485,6492,6496,6501,6516,6518,6526,6529,6535,6538,6583,6585,6602,6606,6611,6622,6625,6739,6742,6801,6807,6809,6814,6818,6820,6839,6845,6848,6867,6871,6880,6907,6909,6917,6925,6929,6935,6958,6960,6968,6975,6979,6982,7033,7036,7087,7090,7092,7096,7103,7107,7114,7118,7126,7130,7133,7155,7157,7207,7209,7236],[10,5579,5575],{"id":5580},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5582,5583,5585,5586,50],{},[15,5584,5480],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[185,5587,5588],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5590,5591],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,5593,5594,5597,5600,5603,5606],{},[33,5595,5596],{},"lists",[33,5598,5599],{},"tuples",[33,5601,5602],{},"sets",[33,5604,5605],{},"strings",[33,5607,5608],{},"generator expressions",[20,5610,5611,5612,3176,5614,5616],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5613,1386],{},[15,5615,3967],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[57,5618,5620],{"className":59,"code":5619,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5621,5622,5642],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5623,5624,5626,5628,5630,5632,5634,5636,5638,5640],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5625,4116],{"class":72},[66,5627,77],{"class":76},[66,5629,1711],{"class":80},[66,5631,2021],{"class":117},[66,5633,105],{"class":80},[66,5635,4132],{"class":84},[66,5637,105],{"class":80},[66,5639,1231],{"class":117},[66,5641,240],{"class":80},[66,5643,5644,5646,5648,5651,5653,5656,5659],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,5645,155],{"class":154},[66,5647,158],{"class":80},[66,5649,5650],{"class":154},"any",[66,5652,158],{"class":80},[66,5654,5655],{"class":137},"values",[66,5657,5658],{"class":80},"))",[66,5660,3957],{"class":1945},[20,5662,243,5663,5666,5667,5669],{},[15,5664,5665],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5668,1386],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[52,5671,5673],{"id":5672},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5675,5676,5678],{},[15,5677,5480],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5680,5681],{},"It returns:",[30,5683,5684,5689,5694],{},[33,5685,5686,5688],{},[15,5687,1386],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,5690,5691,5693],{},[15,5692,3967],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,5695,5696,5698],{},[15,5697,3967],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5700,5701],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,5703,5704,5707,5710],{},[33,5705,5706],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5708,5709],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5711,5712],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5714,5715,5716,5719,5720,50],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[185,5717,5718],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[652,5721,5723],{"href":5722},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5724,3873],{},[52,5726,659],{"id":658},[20,5728,5729],{},"The syntax is simple:",[57,5731,5733],{"className":59,"code":5732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5734,5735],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5736,5737,5739,5741,5743],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5738,5650],{"class":154},[66,5740,158],{"class":80},[66,5742,4013],{"class":137},[66,5744,163],{"class":80},[20,5746,5747,5748,50],{},"The argument must be an ",[185,5749,4013],{},[20,5751,5752],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5754,5755,5757,5759,5761,5763],{},[33,5756,5596],{},[33,5758,5599],{},[33,5760,5602],{},[33,5762,5605],{},[33,5764,5608],{},[20,5766,5767],{},"For example:",[57,5769,5771],{"className":59,"code":5770,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5772,5773,5795,5814,5834],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5774,5775,5777,5779,5781,5783,5785,5787,5789,5791,5793],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5776,155],{"class":154},[66,5778,158],{"class":80},[66,5780,5650],{"class":154},[66,5782,199],{"class":80},[66,5784,2021],{"class":117},[66,5786,105],{"class":80},[66,5788,4127],{"class":117},[66,5790,105],{"class":80},[66,5792,1896],{"class":117},[66,5794,3296],{"class":80},[66,5796,5797,5799,5801,5803,5806,5808,5810,5812],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,5798,155],{"class":154},[66,5800,158],{"class":80},[66,5802,5650],{"class":154},[66,5804,5805],{"class":80},"((",[66,5807,3967],{"class":4146},[66,5809,105],{"class":80},[66,5811,4199],{"class":4146},[66,5813,3210],{"class":80},[66,5815,5816,5818,5820,5822,5825,5827,5829,5831],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,5817,155],{"class":154},[66,5819,158],{"class":80},[66,5821,5650],{"class":154},[66,5823,5824],{"class":80},"({",[66,5826,2021],{"class":117},[66,5828,105],{"class":80},[66,5830,1719],{"class":117},[66,5832,5833],{"class":80},"}))\n",[66,5835,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,5837,155],{"class":154},[66,5839,158],{"class":80},[66,5841,5650],{"class":154},[66,5843,158],{"class":80},[66,5845,85],{"class":84},[66,5847,4139],{"class":88},[66,5849,85],{"class":84},[66,5851,181],{"class":80},[20,5853,5854],{},"Expected output:",[57,5856,5858],{"className":59,"code":5857,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5859,5860,5864,5868,5872],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5861,5862],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5863,4272],{"class":4146},[66,5865,5866],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,5867,4333],{"class":4146},[66,5869,5870],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,5871,4272],{"class":4146},[66,5873,5874],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,5875,4272],{"class":4146},[20,5877,5878,5879,50],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[652,5880,5432],{"href":5881},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[52,5883,4022],{"id":4021},[20,5885,4025,5886,3176,5889,4030],{},[185,5887,5888],{},"truthy",[185,5890,5891],{},"falsy",[30,5893,5894,5900],{},[33,5895,5896,4038,5898],{},[185,5897,4037],{},[15,5899,1386],{},[33,5901,5902,4038,5904],{},[185,5903,4045],{},[15,5905,3967],{},[20,5907,4050],{},[30,5909,5910,5914,5918,5922,5926,5930,5934,5938],{},[33,5911,5912],{},[15,5913,3967],{},[33,5915,5916],{},[15,5917,2021],{},[33,5919,5920],{},[15,5921,4061],{},[33,5923,5924],{},[15,5925,4066],{},[33,5927,5928],{},[15,5929,4080],{},[33,5931,5932],{},[15,5933,4085],{},[33,5935,5936],{},[15,5937,4090],{},[33,5939,5940],{},[15,5941,4071],{},[20,5943,4093],{},[20,5945,5946],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[57,5948,5950],{"className":59,"code":5949,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5951,5952,5966,5984],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,5953,5954,5956,5958,5960,5962,5964],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,5955,155],{"class":154},[66,5957,158],{"class":80},[66,5959,5650],{"class":154},[66,5961,199],{"class":80},[66,5963,1714],{"class":117},[66,5965,3296],{"class":80},[66,5967,5968,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,5969,155],{"class":154},[66,5971,158],{"class":80},[66,5973,5650],{"class":154},[66,5975,199],{"class":80},[66,5977,202],{"class":84},[66,5979,4139],{"class":88},[66,5981,202],{"class":84},[66,5983,3296],{"class":80},[66,5985,5986,5988,5990,5992,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,5987,155],{"class":154},[66,5989,158],{"class":80},[66,5991,5650],{"class":154},[66,5993,5994],{"class":80},"([[",[66,5996,1714],{"class":117},[66,5998,105],{"class":80},[66,6000,1719],{"class":117},[66,6002,105],{"class":80},[66,6004,1724],{"class":117},[66,6006,6007],{"class":80},"]]))\n",[20,6009,5854],{},[57,6011,6013],{"className":59,"code":6012,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6014,6015,6019,6023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6016,6017],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6018,4272],{"class":4146},[66,6020,6021],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6022,4272],{"class":4146},[66,6024,6025],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,6026,4272],{"class":4146},[20,6028,6029],{},"And these are all falsy:",[57,6031,6033],{"className":59,"code":6032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6034,6035],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6036,6037,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047,6049,6051,6053,6055],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6038,155],{"class":154},[66,6040,158],{"class":80},[66,6042,5650],{"class":154},[66,6044,199],{"class":80},[66,6046,2021],{"class":117},[66,6048,105],{"class":80},[66,6050,4132],{"class":84},[66,6052,105],{"class":80},[66,6054,4147],{"class":4146},[66,6056,3296],{"class":80},[20,6058,5854],{},[57,6060,6061],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6062,6063],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6064,6065],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6066,4333],{"class":4146},[20,6068,6069,6070,4688,6073,50],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[652,6071,4100],{"href":6072},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[652,6074,6076,6078],{"href":6075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6077,4106],{}," explained",[52,6080,459],{"id":458},[20,6082,6083],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[57,6085,6087],{"className":59,"code":6086,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6088,6089,6109],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6090,6091,6093,6095,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105,6107],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6092,4116],{"class":72},[66,6094,77],{"class":76},[66,6096,1711],{"class":80},[66,6098,2021],{"class":117},[66,6100,105],{"class":80},[66,6102,4132],{"class":84},[66,6104,105],{"class":80},[66,6106,1231],{"class":117},[66,6108,240],{"class":80},[66,6110,6111,6113,6115,6117,6119,6121],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6112,155],{"class":154},[66,6114,158],{"class":80},[66,6116,5650],{"class":154},[66,6118,158],{"class":80},[66,6120,5655],{"class":137},[66,6122,181],{"class":80},[20,6124,187],{},[57,6126,6127],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6128,6129],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6130,6131],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6132,4272],{"class":4146},[20,6134,4736],{},[30,6136,6137,6142,6146],{},[33,6138,6139,6141],{},[15,6140,2021],{}," is falsy",[33,6143,6144,6141],{},[15,6145,4066],{},[33,6147,6148,6150],{},[15,6149,2433],{}," is truthy",[20,6152,6153,6154,2695,6157,50],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6155,6156],{},"any(values)",[15,6158,1386],{},[20,6160,6161],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[57,6163,6165],{"className":59,"code":6164,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6166,6167,6191],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6168,6169,6171,6173,6175,6177,6179,6181,6183,6185,6187,6189],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6170,4116],{"class":72},[66,6172,77],{"class":76},[66,6174,1711],{"class":80},[66,6176,2021],{"class":117},[66,6178,105],{"class":80},[66,6180,4132],{"class":84},[66,6182,105],{"class":80},[66,6184,4147],{"class":4146},[66,6186,105],{"class":80},[66,6188,4199],{"class":4146},[66,6190,240],{"class":80},[66,6192,6193,6195,6197,6199,6201,6203],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6194,155],{"class":154},[66,6196,158],{"class":80},[66,6198,5650],{"class":154},[66,6200,158],{"class":80},[66,6202,5655],{"class":137},[66,6204,181],{"class":80},[20,6206,187],{},[57,6208,6209],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6210,6211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6212,6213],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6214,4333],{"class":4146},[20,6216,6217,6218,50],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6219,3967],{},[52,6221,6223],{"id":6222},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6225,6226,6228,6229,50],{},[15,6227,5480],{}," is often used with a ",[185,6230,6231],{},"generator expression",[20,6233,6234],{},"This is a common pattern:",[57,6236,6238],{"className":59,"code":6237,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6239,6240],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6241,6242,6244,6246,6249,6251,6254,6256,6259],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6243,5650],{"class":154},[66,6245,158],{"class":80},[66,6247,6248],{"class":137},"condition ",[66,6250,1061],{"class":1060},[66,6252,6253],{"class":137}," item ",[66,6255,1067],{"class":1060},[66,6257,6258],{"class":137}," items",[66,6260,163],{"class":80},[20,6262,6263],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6265,6266],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[57,6268,6270],{"className":59,"code":6269,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6271,6272,6300,6304,6331],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6273,6274,6276,6278,6280,6282,6284,6287,6289,6291,6293,6295,6298],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6275,1706],{"class":72},[66,6277,77],{"class":76},[66,6279,1711],{"class":80},[66,6281,2803],{"class":117},[66,6283,105],{"class":80},[66,6285,6286],{"class":117}," 7",[66,6288,105],{"class":80},[66,6290,2520],{"class":76},[66,6292,2354],{"class":117},[66,6294,105],{"class":80},[66,6296,6297],{"class":117}," 10",[66,6299,240],{"class":80},[66,6301,6302],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6303,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,6305,6306,6308,6310,6313,6315,6317,6319,6321,6323,6325,6327,6329],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,6307,877],{"class":72},[66,6309,77],{"class":76},[66,6311,6312],{"class":154}," any",[66,6314,158],{"class":80},[66,6316,3322],{"class":137},[66,6318,954],{"class":76},[66,6320,4127],{"class":117},[66,6322,4171],{"class":1060},[66,6324,4174],{"class":137},[66,6326,1067],{"class":1060},[66,6328,4557],{"class":137},[66,6330,163],{"class":80},[66,6332,6333,6335,6337,6339],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,6334,155],{"class":154},[66,6336,158],{"class":80},[66,6338,901],{"class":137},[66,6340,163],{"class":80},[20,6342,187],{},[57,6344,6345],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6346,6347],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6348,6349],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6350,4272],{"class":4146},[20,6352,6353,6354,6357],{},"This works because ",[15,6355,6356],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,6359,6360,6368,6375],{},[33,6361,6362,6365,6366],{},[15,6363,6364],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6367,3967],{},[33,6369,6370,6365,6373],{},[15,6371,6372],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6374,3967],{},[33,6376,6377,6365,6380],{},[15,6378,6379],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6381,1386],{},[20,6383,6384,6385,6387,6388,6390,6391,50],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6386,1386],{}," result, ",[15,6389,5480],{}," can return ",[15,6392,1386],{},[20,6394,6395],{},"Here is another example:",[57,6397,6399],{"className":59,"code":6398,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6400,6401,6430,6434,6464],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6402,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411,6413,6415,6417,6420,6422,6424,6426,6428],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6404,4363],{"class":72},[66,6406,77],{"class":76},[66,6408,1711],{"class":80},[66,6410,85],{"class":84},[66,6412,4372],{"class":88},[66,6414,85],{"class":84},[66,6416,105],{"class":80},[66,6418,6419],{"class":84}," \"\"",[66,6421,105],{"class":80},[66,6423,97],{"class":84},[66,6425,4381],{"class":88},[66,6427,85],{"class":84},[66,6429,240],{"class":80},[66,6431,6432],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6433,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,6435,6436,6439,6441,6443,6445,6448,6450,6452,6454,6457,6459,6462],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,6437,6438],{"class":72},"has_empty_string ",[66,6440,77],{"class":76},[66,6442,6312],{"class":154},[66,6444,158],{"class":80},[66,6446,6447],{"class":137},"word ",[66,6449,4984],{"class":76},[66,6451,6419],{"class":84},[66,6453,4171],{"class":1060},[66,6455,6456],{"class":137}," word ",[66,6458,1067],{"class":1060},[66,6460,6461],{"class":137}," words",[66,6463,163],{"class":80},[66,6465,6466,6468,6470,6473],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,6467,155],{"class":154},[66,6469,158],{"class":80},[66,6471,6472],{"class":137},"has_empty_string",[66,6474,163],{"class":80},[20,6476,187],{},[57,6478,6479],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6480,6481],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6482,6483],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6484,4272],{"class":4146},[20,6486,6487,6488,50],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[652,6489,6491],{"href":6490},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[52,6493,6495],{"id":6494},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6497,6498,6499,94],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6500,3967],{},[57,6502,6504],{"className":59,"code":6503,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6505,6506],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6507,6508,6510,6512,6514],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6509,155],{"class":154},[66,6511,158],{"class":80},[66,6513,5650],{"class":154},[66,6515,4723],{"class":80},[20,6517,187],{},[57,6519,6520],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6521,6522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6523,6524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6525,4333],{"class":4146},[20,6527,6528],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6530,6531,6532,6534],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6533,5480],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6536,6537],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[57,6539,6541],{"className":59,"code":6540,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6542,6543,6553,6568],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6544,6545,6547,6549,6551],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6546,155],{"class":154},[66,6548,158],{"class":80},[66,6550,5650],{"class":154},[66,6552,4781],{"class":80},[66,6554,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6566],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6556,155],{"class":154},[66,6558,158],{"class":80},[66,6560,5650],{"class":154},[66,6562,158],{"class":80},[66,6564,6565],{"class":84},"\"\"",[66,6567,181],{"class":80},[66,6569,6570,6572,6574,6576,6578,6581],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,6571,155],{"class":154},[66,6573,158],{"class":80},[66,6575,5650],{"class":154},[66,6577,158],{"class":80},[66,6579,6580],{"class":173},"set",[66,6582,560],{"class":80},[20,6584,187],{},[57,6586,6588],{"className":59,"code":6587,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6589,6590,6594,6598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6591,6592],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6593,4333],{"class":4146},[66,6595,6596],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6597,4333],{"class":4146},[66,6599,6600],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,6601,4333],{"class":4146},[52,6603,6605],{"id":6604},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6607,243,6608,6610],{},[15,6609,5480],{}," when you want to:",[30,6612,6613,6616,6619],{},[33,6614,6615],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,6617,6618],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,6620,6621],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6623,6624],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[57,6626,6628],{"className":59,"code":6627,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6629,6630,6655,6659,6669,6673,6686,6705,6716,6722,6727],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6631,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650,6653],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6633,1706],{"class":72},[66,6635,77],{"class":76},[66,6637,1711],{"class":80},[66,6639,1714],{"class":117},[66,6641,105],{"class":80},[66,6643,1724],{"class":117},[66,6645,105],{"class":80},[66,6647,1231],{"class":117},[66,6649,105],{"class":80},[66,6651,6652],{"class":117}," 8",[66,6654,240],{"class":80},[66,6656,6657],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6658,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,6660,6661,6664,6666],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,6662,6663],{"class":72},"found_even ",[66,6665,77],{"class":76},[66,6667,6668],{"class":4146}," False\n",[66,6670,6671],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,6672,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,6674,6675,6677,6680,6682,6684],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,6676,1061],{"class":1060},[66,6678,6679],{"class":72}," number ",[66,6681,1067],{"class":1060},[66,6683,4557],{"class":72},[66,6685,1133],{"class":80},[66,6687,6688,6691,6693,6696,6698,6701,6703],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,6689,6690],{"class":1060},"    if",[66,6692,6679],{"class":72},[66,6694,6695],{"class":76},"%",[66,6697,1719],{"class":117},[66,6699,6700],{"class":76}," ==",[66,6702,4127],{"class":117},[66,6704,1133],{"class":80},[66,6706,6708,6711,6713],{"class":68,"line":6707},7,[66,6709,6710],{"class":72},"        found_even ",[66,6712,77],{"class":76},[66,6714,6715],{"class":4146}," True\n",[66,6717,6719],{"class":68,"line":6718},8,[66,6720,6721],{"class":1060},"        break\n",[66,6723,6725],{"class":68,"line":6724},9,[66,6726,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,6728,6730,6732,6734,6737],{"class":68,"line":6729},10,[66,6731,155],{"class":154},[66,6733,158],{"class":80},[66,6735,6736],{"class":137},"found_even",[66,6738,163],{"class":80},[20,6740,6741],{},"You can write:",[57,6743,6745],{"className":59,"code":6744,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6746,6747,6771],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6748,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765,6767,6769],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6750,1706],{"class":72},[66,6752,77],{"class":76},[66,6754,1711],{"class":80},[66,6756,1714],{"class":117},[66,6758,105],{"class":80},[66,6760,1724],{"class":117},[66,6762,105],{"class":80},[66,6764,1231],{"class":117},[66,6766,105],{"class":80},[66,6768,6652],{"class":117},[66,6770,240],{"class":80},[66,6772,6773,6775,6777,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793,6795,6797,6799],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,6774,155],{"class":154},[66,6776,158],{"class":80},[66,6778,5650],{"class":154},[66,6780,158],{"class":80},[66,6782,2515],{"class":137},[66,6784,6695],{"class":76},[66,6786,1719],{"class":117},[66,6788,6700],{"class":76},[66,6790,4127],{"class":117},[66,6792,4171],{"class":1060},[66,6794,6679],{"class":137},[66,6796,1067],{"class":1060},[66,6798,4557],{"class":137},[66,6800,181],{"class":80},[20,6802,6803,6804,6806],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6805,5480],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[52,6808,4814],{"id":4813},[20,6810,6811,6812,50],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6813,5480],{},[1430,6815,6817],{"id":6816},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6819,4821],{},[57,6821,6823],{"className":59,"code":6822,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6824,6825],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6826,6827,6829,6831,6833,6835,6837],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6828,155],{"class":154},[66,6830,158],{"class":80},[66,6832,5650],{"class":154},[66,6834,158],{"class":80},[66,6836,2433],{"class":117},[66,6838,181],{"class":80},[20,6840,6841,6842,6844],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6843,2433],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6846,6847],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[57,6849,6851],{"className":59,"code":6850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6852,6853],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6854,6855,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6856,155],{"class":154},[66,6858,158],{"class":80},[66,6860,5650],{"class":154},[66,6862,199],{"class":80},[66,6864,2433],{"class":117},[66,6866,3296],{"class":80},[1430,6868,6870],{"id":6869},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6872,6873,6875,6876,6879],{},[15,6874,5480],{}," needs only ",[185,6877,6878],{},"one"," truthy item.",[57,6881,6883],{"className":59,"code":6882,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6884,6885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6886,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6888,155],{"class":154},[66,6890,158],{"class":80},[66,6892,5650],{"class":154},[66,6894,199],{"class":80},[66,6896,3967],{"class":4146},[66,6898,105],{"class":80},[66,6900,4199],{"class":4146},[66,6902,105],{"class":80},[66,6904,4208],{"class":4146},[66,6906,3296],{"class":80},[20,6908,187],{},[57,6910,6911],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6912,6913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6914,6915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6916,4272],{"class":4146},[20,6918,6919,6920,6924],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[652,6921,6922],{"href":5722},[15,6923,3873],{}," instead.",[1430,6926,6928],{"id":6927},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6930,6931,6932,50],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6933,6934],{},"\"True\"",[57,6936,6938],{"className":59,"code":6937,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6939,6940],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6941,6942,6944,6946,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6943,155],{"class":154},[66,6945,158],{"class":80},[66,6947,5650],{"class":154},[66,6949,199],{"class":80},[66,6951,85],{"class":84},[66,6953,3967],{"class":88},[66,6955,85],{"class":84},[66,6957,3296],{"class":80},[20,6959,187],{},[57,6961,6962],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,6963,6964],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6965,6966],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6967,4272],{"class":4146},[20,6969,6970,6971,6974],{},"That is because ",[15,6972,6973],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1430,6976,6978],{"id":6977},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6980,6981],{},"This works:",[57,6983,6985],{"className":59,"code":6984,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6986,6987,7007],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,6988,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,6990,1706],{"class":72},[66,6992,77],{"class":76},[66,6994,1711],{"class":80},[66,6996,1714],{"class":117},[66,6998,105],{"class":80},[66,7000,1719],{"class":117},[66,7002,105],{"class":80},[66,7004,1724],{"class":117},[66,7006,240],{"class":80},[66,7008,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7010,155],{"class":154},[66,7012,158],{"class":80},[66,7014,5650],{"class":154},[66,7016,199],{"class":80},[66,7018,3322],{"class":137},[66,7020,4546],{"class":76},[66,7022,1719],{"class":117},[66,7024,4171],{"class":1060},[66,7026,4174],{"class":137},[66,7028,1067],{"class":1060},[66,7030,4557],{"class":137},[66,7032,3296],{"class":80},[20,7034,7035],{},"But this is usually better:",[57,7037,7039],{"className":59,"code":7038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7040,7041,7061],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7042,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7044,1706],{"class":72},[66,7046,77],{"class":76},[66,7048,1711],{"class":80},[66,7050,1714],{"class":117},[66,7052,105],{"class":80},[66,7054,1719],{"class":117},[66,7056,105],{"class":80},[66,7058,1724],{"class":117},[66,7060,240],{"class":80},[66,7062,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7064,155],{"class":154},[66,7066,158],{"class":80},[66,7068,5650],{"class":154},[66,7070,158],{"class":80},[66,7072,3322],{"class":137},[66,7074,4546],{"class":76},[66,7076,1719],{"class":117},[66,7078,4171],{"class":1060},[66,7080,4174],{"class":137},[66,7082,1067],{"class":1060},[66,7084,4557],{"class":137},[66,7086,181],{"class":80},[20,7088,7089],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[52,7091,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,7093,7095],{"id":7094},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7097,5443,7098,7100,7101,50],{},[15,7099,1386],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7102,3967],{},[1430,7104,7106],{"id":7105},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7108,7109,2695,7111,7113],{},[15,7110,5480],{},[15,7112,3967],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1430,7115,7117],{"id":7116},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7119,7120,7122,7123,7125],{},[15,7121,5480],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7124,3873],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1430,7127,7129],{"id":7128},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7131,7132],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[57,7134,7135],{"className":59,"code":6237,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7136,7137],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7138,7139,7141,7143,7145,7147,7149,7151,7153],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7140,5650],{"class":154},[66,7142,158],{"class":80},[66,7144,6248],{"class":137},[66,7146,1061],{"class":1060},[66,7148,6253],{"class":137},[66,7150,1067],{"class":1060},[66,7152,6258],{"class":137},[66,7154,163],{"class":80},[20,7156,5767],{},[57,7158,7159],{"className":59,"code":7038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7160,7161,7181],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7162,7163,7165,7167,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7164,1706],{"class":72},[66,7166,77],{"class":76},[66,7168,1711],{"class":80},[66,7170,1714],{"class":117},[66,7172,105],{"class":80},[66,7174,1719],{"class":117},[66,7176,105],{"class":80},[66,7178,1724],{"class":117},[66,7180,240],{"class":80},[66,7182,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7184,155],{"class":154},[66,7186,158],{"class":80},[66,7188,5650],{"class":154},[66,7190,158],{"class":80},[66,7192,3322],{"class":137},[66,7194,4546],{"class":76},[66,7196,1719],{"class":117},[66,7198,4171],{"class":1060},[66,7200,4174],{"class":137},[66,7202,1067],{"class":1060},[66,7204,4557],{"class":137},[66,7206,181],{"class":80},[52,7208,2183],{"id":2182},[30,7210,7211,7217,7221,7225,7230],{},[33,7212,7213],{},[652,7214,7215,3803],{"href":5722},[15,7216,3873],{},[33,7218,7219],{},[652,7220,4100],{"href":6072},[33,7222,7223],{},[652,7224,5512],{"href":5881},[33,7226,7227],{},[652,7228,7229],{"href":6490},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,7231,7232],{},[652,7233,7234,3803],{"href":6075},[15,7235,4106],{},[2222,7237,7238],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":7240},[7241,7242,7243,7244,7245,7246,7247,7248,7254,7260],{"id":5672,"depth":124,"text":5673},{"id":658,"depth":124,"text":659},{"id":4021,"depth":124,"text":4022},{"id":458,"depth":124,"text":459},{"id":6222,"depth":124,"text":6223},{"id":6494,"depth":124,"text":6495},{"id":6604,"depth":124,"text":6605},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":7249},[7250,7251,7252,7253],{"id":6816,"depth":144,"text":6817},{"id":6869,"depth":144,"text":6870},{"id":6927,"depth":144,"text":6928},{"id":6977,"depth":144,"text":6978},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":7255},[7256,7257,7258,7259],{"id":7094,"depth":144,"text":7095},{"id":7105,"depth":144,"text":7106},{"id":7116,"depth":144,"text":7117},{"id":7128,"depth":144,"text":7129},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5575,"description":7261},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7267,"title":7268,"body":7269,"description":9397,"extension":2260,"meta":9398,"navigation":147,"path":9399,"seo":9400,"stem":9401,"__hash__":9402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7270,"toc":9360},[7271,7274,7283,7293,7295,7392,7394,7423,7439,7443,7448,7451,7461,7467,7473,7488,7490,7498,7505,7509,7512,7527,7532,7550,7555,7557,7605,7607,7624,7628,7634,7637,7672,7674,7780,7782,7819,7823,7831,7833,7853,7855,7975,7977,8006,8009,8032,8034,8042,8050,8054,8060,8064,8106,8108,8116,8119,8147,8149,8157,8161,8190,8192,8200,8232,8234,8242,8246,8297,8299,8307,8315,8319,8322,8374,8376,8396,8403,8407,8413,8416,8424,8446,8448,8456,8464,8487,8489,8497,8502,8507,8519,8521,8562,8573,8577,8586,8589,8592,8651,8654,8706,8709,8714,8730,8736,8738,8743,8751,8754,8776,8778,8786,8791,8794,8829,8831,8839,8843,8848,8886,8898,8901,8955,8963,8967,8970,8992,9001,9004,9045,9047,9070,9076,9082,9097,9099,9119,9122,9141,9143,9162,9166,9172,9251,9254,9268,9275,9277,9281,9288,9292,9296,9300,9305,9309,9314,9318,9325,9327,9357],[10,7272,7268],{"id":7273},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7275,2277,7276,7278,7279,3176,7281,50],{},[15,7277,4106],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7280,1386],{},[15,7282,3967],{},[20,7284,7285,7286,7288,7289,7292],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7287,4106],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7290,7291],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[52,7294,3903],{"id":3902},[57,7296,7298],{"className":59,"code":7297,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7299,7300,7314,7328,7342,7360,7370],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7301,7302,7304,7306,7308,7310,7312],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7303,155],{"class":154},[66,7305,158],{"class":80},[66,7307,4162],{"class":173},[66,7309,158],{"class":80},[66,7311,2021],{"class":117},[66,7313,181],{"class":80},[66,7315,7316,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7317,155],{"class":154},[66,7319,158],{"class":80},[66,7321,4162],{"class":173},[66,7323,158],{"class":80},[66,7325,1714],{"class":117},[66,7327,181],{"class":80},[66,7329,7330,7332,7334,7336,7338,7340],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,7331,155],{"class":154},[66,7333,158],{"class":80},[66,7335,4162],{"class":173},[66,7337,158],{"class":80},[66,7339,6565],{"class":84},[66,7341,181],{"class":80},[66,7343,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,7345,155],{"class":154},[66,7347,158],{"class":80},[66,7349,4162],{"class":173},[66,7351,158],{"class":80},[66,7353,85],{"class":84},[66,7355,4139],{"class":88},[66,7357,85],{"class":84},[66,7359,181],{"class":80},[66,7361,7362,7364,7366,7368],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,7363,155],{"class":154},[66,7365,158],{"class":80},[66,7367,4162],{"class":173},[66,7369,4723],{"class":80},[66,7371,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384,7386,7388,7390],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,7373,155],{"class":154},[66,7375,158],{"class":80},[66,7377,4162],{"class":173},[66,7379,199],{"class":80},[66,7381,1714],{"class":117},[66,7383,105],{"class":80},[66,7385,1719],{"class":117},[66,7387,105],{"class":80},[66,7389,1724],{"class":117},[66,7391,3296],{"class":80},[20,7393,5854],{},[57,7395,7397],{"className":59,"code":7396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7398,7399,7403,7407,7411,7415,7419],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7400,7401],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7402,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7404,7405],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7406,4272],{"class":4146},[66,7408,7409],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,7410,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7412,7413],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,7414,4272],{"class":4146},[66,7416,7417],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,7418,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7420,7421],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,7422,4272],{"class":4146},[20,7424,243,7425,7428,7429,3176,7431,7433,7434,7436,7437,50],{},[15,7426,7427],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7430,1386],{},[15,7432,3967],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7435,3967],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7438,1386],{},[52,7440,7442],{"id":7441},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7444,7445,7447],{},[15,7446,4106],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7449,7450],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,7452,7453,7457],{},[33,7454,7455],{},[15,7456,1386],{},[33,7458,7459],{},[15,7460,3967],{},[20,7462,7463,7464,7466],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7465,7291],{}," statements.",[20,7468,7469,7470,7472],{},"You can also call ",[15,7471,4106],{}," with no argument:",[57,7474,7476],{"className":59,"code":7475,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool())\n",[15,7477,7478],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7479,7480,7482,7484,7486],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7481,155],{"class":154},[66,7483,158],{"class":80},[66,7485,4162],{"class":173},[66,7487,345],{"class":80},[20,7489,187],{},[57,7491,7492],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,7493,7494],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7495,7496],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7497,4333],{"class":4146},[20,7499,7500,7501,50],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[652,7502,7504],{"href":7503},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[52,7506,7508],{"id":7507},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7510,7511],{},"The basic syntax is:",[57,7513,7515],{"className":59,"code":7514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bool(value)\n",[15,7516,7517],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7518,7519,7521,7523,7525],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7520,4162],{"class":173},[66,7522,158],{"class":80},[66,7524,2771],{"class":137},[66,7526,163],{"class":80},[20,7528,2277,7529,7531],{},[15,7530,2771],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7545,7547],{},[33,7535,1735],{},[33,7537,5605],{},[33,7539,5596],{},[33,7541,5599],{},[33,7543,7544],{},"dictionaries",[33,7546,5602],{},[33,7548,7549],{},"other objects",[20,7551,7552,7553,50],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7554,3967],{},[20,7556,281],{},[57,7558,7560],{"className":59,"code":7559,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7561,7562,7576,7595],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7563,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572,7574],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7565,155],{"class":154},[66,7567,158],{"class":80},[66,7569,4162],{"class":173},[66,7571,158],{"class":80},[66,7573,2628],{"class":117},[66,7575,181],{"class":80},[66,7577,7578,7580,7582,7584,7586,7588,7591,7593],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7579,155],{"class":154},[66,7581,158],{"class":80},[66,7583,4162],{"class":173},[66,7585,158],{"class":80},[66,7587,85],{"class":84},[66,7589,7590],{"class":88},"Python",[66,7592,85],{"class":84},[66,7594,181],{"class":80},[66,7596,7597,7599,7601,7603],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,7598,155],{"class":154},[66,7600,158],{"class":80},[66,7602,4162],{"class":173},[66,7604,345],{"class":80},[20,7606,187],{},[57,7608,7610],{"className":59,"code":7609,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7611,7612,7616,7620],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7613,7614],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7615,4272],{"class":4146},[66,7617,7618],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7619,4272],{"class":4146},[66,7621,7622],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,7623,4333],{"class":4146},[52,7625,7627],{"id":7626},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7629,7630,7631,7633],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[185,7632,5891],{}," values.",[20,7635,7636],{},"Common examples:",[30,7638,7639,7643,7647,7651,7655,7660,7664,7668],{},[33,7640,7641],{},[15,7642,2021],{},[33,7644,7645],{},[15,7646,4061],{},[33,7648,7649],{},[15,7650,6565],{},[33,7652,7653],{},[15,7654,4080],{},[33,7656,7657],{},[15,7658,7659],{},"()",[33,7661,7662],{},[15,7663,4085],{},[33,7665,7666],{},[15,7667,4090],{},[33,7669,7670],{},[15,7671,4071],{},[20,7673,281],{},[57,7675,7677],{"className":59,"code":7676,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7678,7679,7693,7707,7721,7731,7741,7752,7766],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7680,7681,7683,7685,7687,7689,7691],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7682,155],{"class":154},[66,7684,158],{"class":80},[66,7686,4162],{"class":173},[66,7688,158],{"class":80},[66,7690,2021],{"class":117},[66,7692,181],{"class":80},[66,7694,7695,7697,7699,7701,7703,7705],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7696,155],{"class":154},[66,7698,158],{"class":80},[66,7700,4162],{"class":173},[66,7702,158],{"class":80},[66,7704,4061],{"class":117},[66,7706,181],{"class":80},[66,7708,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717,7719],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,7710,155],{"class":154},[66,7712,158],{"class":80},[66,7714,4162],{"class":173},[66,7716,158],{"class":80},[66,7718,6565],{"class":84},[66,7720,181],{"class":80},[66,7722,7723,7725,7727,7729],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,7724,155],{"class":154},[66,7726,158],{"class":80},[66,7728,4162],{"class":173},[66,7730,4723],{"class":80},[66,7732,7733,7735,7737,7739],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,7734,155],{"class":154},[66,7736,158],{"class":80},[66,7738,4162],{"class":173},[66,7740,4781],{"class":80},[66,7742,7743,7745,7747,7749],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,7744,155],{"class":154},[66,7746,158],{"class":80},[66,7748,4162],{"class":173},[66,7750,7751],{"class":80},"({}))\n",[66,7753,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,7755,155],{"class":154},[66,7757,158],{"class":80},[66,7759,4162],{"class":173},[66,7761,158],{"class":80},[66,7763,6580],{"class":173},[66,7765,560],{"class":80},[66,7767,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,7769,155],{"class":154},[66,7771,158],{"class":80},[66,7773,4162],{"class":173},[66,7775,158],{"class":80},[66,7777,4071],{"class":4146},[66,7779,181],{"class":80},[20,7781,187],{},[57,7783,7785],{"className":59,"code":7784,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7786,7787,7791,7795,7799,7803,7807,7811,7815],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7788,7789],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7790,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7792,7793],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7794,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7796,7797],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,7798,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7800,7801],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,7802,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7804,7805],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,7806,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7808,7809],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,7810,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7812,7813],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,7814,4333],{"class":4146},[66,7816,7817],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,7818,4333],{"class":4146},[52,7820,7822],{"id":7821},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7824,7825,7826,7828,7829,7633],{},"Many values become ",[15,7827,1386],{},". These are often called ",[185,7830,5888],{},[20,7832,7636],{},[30,7834,7835,7838,7841,7844,7847,7850],{},[33,7836,7837],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7839,7840],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7842,7843],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7845,7846],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7848,7849],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7851,7852],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7854,281],{},[57,7856,7858],{"className":59,"code":7857,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7859,7860,7874,7890,7908,7930,7948],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7861,7862,7864,7866,7868,7870,7872],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7863,155],{"class":154},[66,7865,158],{"class":80},[66,7867,4162],{"class":173},[66,7869,158],{"class":80},[66,7871,2433],{"class":117},[66,7873,181],{"class":80},[66,7875,7876,7878,7880,7882,7884,7886,7888],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7877,155],{"class":154},[66,7879,158],{"class":80},[66,7881,4162],{"class":173},[66,7883,158],{"class":80},[66,7885,2319],{"class":76},[66,7887,2354],{"class":117},[66,7889,181],{"class":80},[66,7891,7892,7894,7896,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,7893,155],{"class":154},[66,7895,158],{"class":80},[66,7897,4162],{"class":173},[66,7899,158],{"class":80},[66,7901,85],{"class":84},[66,7903,4139],{"class":88},[66,7905,85],{"class":84},[66,7907,181],{"class":80},[66,7909,7910,7912,7914,7916,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,7911,155],{"class":154},[66,7913,158],{"class":80},[66,7915,4162],{"class":173},[66,7917,199],{"class":80},[66,7919,1714],{"class":117},[66,7921,105],{"class":80},[66,7923,1719],{"class":117},[66,7925,105],{"class":80},[66,7927,1724],{"class":117},[66,7929,3296],{"class":80},[66,7931,7932,7934,7936,7938,7940,7942,7944,7946],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,7933,155],{"class":154},[66,7935,158],{"class":80},[66,7937,4162],{"class":173},[66,7939,5805],{"class":80},[66,7941,1714],{"class":117},[66,7943,105],{"class":80},[66,7945,1719],{"class":117},[66,7947,3210],{"class":80},[66,7949,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958,7960,7962,7964,7966,7968,7971,7973],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,7951,155],{"class":154},[66,7953,158],{"class":80},[66,7955,4162],{"class":173},[66,7957,5824],{"class":80},[66,7959,85],{"class":84},[66,7961,89],{"class":88},[66,7963,85],{"class":84},[66,7965,94],{"class":80},[66,7967,97],{"class":84},[66,7969,7970],{"class":88},"Sam",[66,7972,85],{"class":84},[66,7974,5833],{"class":80},[20,7976,187],{},[57,7978,7980],{"className":59,"code":7979,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7981,7982,7986,7990,7994,7998,8002],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,7983,7984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,7985,4272],{"class":4146},[66,7987,7988],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,7989,4272],{"class":4146},[66,7991,7992],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,7993,4272],{"class":4146},[66,7995,7996],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,7997,4272],{"class":4146},[66,7999,8000],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,8001,4272],{"class":4146},[66,8003,8004],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,8005,4272],{"class":4146},[20,8007,8008],{},"One important example is this:",[57,8010,8012],{"className":59,"code":8011,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8013,8014],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8015,8016,8018,8020,8022,8024,8026,8028,8030],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8017,155],{"class":154},[66,8019,158],{"class":80},[66,8021,4162],{"class":173},[66,8023,158],{"class":80},[66,8025,85],{"class":84},[66,8027,3967],{"class":88},[66,8029,85],{"class":84},[66,8031,181],{"class":80},[20,8033,187],{},[57,8035,8036],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8037,8038],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8039,8040],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8041,4272],{"class":4146},[20,8043,8044,8045,8047,8048,50],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8046,6973],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8049,1386],{},[52,8051,8053],{"id":8052},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8055,8056,8057,8059],{},"You can use ",[15,8058,4106],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1430,8061,8063],{"id":8062},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[57,8065,8067],{"className":59,"code":8066,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8068,8069,8091],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8070,8071,8074,8076,8078,8080,8082,8084,8086,8089],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8072,8073],{"class":72},"items ",[66,8075,77],{"class":76},[66,8077,1711],{"class":80},[66,8079,2628],{"class":117},[66,8081,105],{"class":80},[66,8083,118],{"class":117},[66,8085,105],{"class":80},[66,8087,8088],{"class":117}," 30",[66,8090,240],{"class":80},[66,8092,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101,8104],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8094,155],{"class":154},[66,8096,158],{"class":80},[66,8098,4162],{"class":173},[66,8100,158],{"class":80},[66,8102,8103],{"class":137},"items",[66,8105,181],{"class":80},[20,8107,187],{},[57,8109,8110],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8111,8112],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8113,8114],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8115,4272],{"class":4146},[20,8117,8118],{},"With an empty list:",[57,8120,8122],{"className":59,"code":8121,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8123,8124,8133],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8125,8126,8128,8130],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8127,8073],{"class":72},[66,8129,77],{"class":76},[66,8131,8132],{"class":80}," []\n",[66,8134,8135,8137,8139,8141,8143,8145],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8136,155],{"class":154},[66,8138,158],{"class":80},[66,8140,4162],{"class":173},[66,8142,158],{"class":80},[66,8144,8103],{"class":137},[66,8146,181],{"class":80},[20,8148,187],{},[57,8150,8151],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8152,8153],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8154,8155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8156,4333],{"class":4146},[1430,8158,8160],{"id":8159},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[57,8162,8164],{"className":59,"code":8163,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8165,8166,8176],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8167,8168,8171,8173],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8169,8170],{"class":72},"name ",[66,8172,77],{"class":76},[66,8174,8175],{"class":84}," \"\"\n",[66,8177,8178,8180,8182,8184,8186,8188],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8179,155],{"class":154},[66,8181,158],{"class":80},[66,8183,4162],{"class":173},[66,8185,158],{"class":80},[66,8187,89],{"class":137},[66,8189,181],{"class":80},[20,8191,187],{},[57,8193,8194],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8195,8196],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8197,8198],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8199,4333],{"class":4146},[57,8201,8203],{"className":59,"code":8202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8204,8205,8218],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8206,8207,8209,8211,8213,8216],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8208,8170],{"class":72},[66,8210,77],{"class":76},[66,8212,97],{"class":84},[66,8214,8215],{"class":88},"Mia",[66,8217,376],{"class":84},[66,8219,8220,8222,8224,8226,8228,8230],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8221,155],{"class":154},[66,8223,158],{"class":80},[66,8225,4162],{"class":173},[66,8227,158],{"class":80},[66,8229,89],{"class":137},[66,8231,181],{"class":80},[20,8233,187],{},[57,8235,8236],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8237,8238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8239,8240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8241,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,8243,8245],{"id":8244},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[57,8247,8249],{"className":59,"code":8248,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8250,8251,8265,8282,8286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8252,8253,8256,8258,8260,8263],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8254,8255],{"class":72},"username ",[66,8257,77],{"class":76},[66,8259,97],{"class":84},[66,8261,8262],{"class":88},"alex",[66,8264,376],{"class":84},[66,8266,8267,8270,8272,8275,8277,8280],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8268,8269],{"class":72},"has_name ",[66,8271,77],{"class":76},[66,8273,8274],{"class":173}," bool",[66,8276,158],{"class":80},[66,8278,8279],{"class":137},"username",[66,8281,163],{"class":80},[66,8283,8284],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,8285,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,8287,8288,8290,8292,8295],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,8289,155],{"class":154},[66,8291,158],{"class":80},[66,8293,8294],{"class":137},"has_name",[66,8296,163],{"class":80},[20,8298,187],{},[57,8300,8301],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8302,8303],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8304,8305],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8306,4272],{"class":4146},[20,8308,8309,8310,3176,8312,8314],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8311,1386],{},[15,8313,3967],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1430,8316,8318],{"id":8317},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8320,8321],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[57,8323,8325],{"className":59,"code":8324,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8326,8327,8347,8351,8359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8328,8329,8331,8333,8335,8337,8339,8341,8343,8345],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8330,1706],{"class":72},[66,8332,77],{"class":76},[66,8334,1711],{"class":80},[66,8336,1714],{"class":117},[66,8338,105],{"class":80},[66,8340,1719],{"class":117},[66,8342,105],{"class":80},[66,8344,1724],{"class":117},[66,8346,240],{"class":80},[66,8348,8349],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8350,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,8352,8353,8355,8357],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,8354,7291],{"class":1060},[66,8356,4557],{"class":72},[66,8358,1133],{"class":80},[66,8360,8361,8363,8365,8367,8370,8372],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,8362,1081],{"class":154},[66,8364,158],{"class":80},[66,8366,85],{"class":84},[66,8368,8369],{"class":88},"The list is not empty",[66,8371,85],{"class":84},[66,8373,163],{"class":80},[20,8375,187],{},[57,8377,8379],{"className":59,"code":8378,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8380,8381],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8382,8383,8385,8387,8390,8393],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8384,2277],{"class":72},[66,8386,174],{"class":173},[66,8388,8389],{"class":76}," is",[66,8391,8392],{"class":76}," not",[66,8394,8395],{"class":72}," empty\n",[20,8397,8398,8399,50],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[652,8400,8402],{"href":8401},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[52,8404,8406],{"id":8405},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8408,8409,8410,8412],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8411,4106],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8414,8415],{},"It does not do that.",[1430,8417,8419,2695,8422],{"id":8418},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8420,8421],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8423,1386],{},[57,8425,8426],{"className":59,"code":8011,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8427,8428],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8429,8430,8432,8434,8436,8438,8440,8442,8444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8431,155],{"class":154},[66,8433,158],{"class":80},[66,8435,4162],{"class":173},[66,8437,158],{"class":80},[66,8439,85],{"class":84},[66,8441,3967],{"class":88},[66,8443,85],{"class":84},[66,8445,181],{"class":80},[20,8447,187],{},[57,8449,8450],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8451,8452],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8453,8454],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8455,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,8457,8459,2695,8462],{"id":8458},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8460,8461],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8463,1386],{},[57,8465,8467],{"className":59,"code":8466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8468,8469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8470,8471,8473,8475,8477,8479,8481,8483,8485],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8472,155],{"class":154},[66,8474,158],{"class":80},[66,8476,4162],{"class":173},[66,8478,158],{"class":80},[66,8480,85],{"class":84},[66,8482,2021],{"class":88},[66,8484,85],{"class":84},[66,8486,181],{"class":80},[20,8488,187],{},[57,8490,8491],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8492,8493],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8494,8495],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8496,4272],{"class":4146},[20,8498,8499,8500,50],{},"This happens because both values are ",[185,8501,7840],{},[20,8503,8504,8506],{},[15,8505,4106],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8508,8509,8510,8515,8516,8518],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[652,8511,8513],{"href":8512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8514,3256],{},", because ",[15,8517,3256],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8520,281],{},[57,8522,8524],{"className":59,"code":8523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8525,8526,8547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8527,8528,8531,8533,8536,8538,8540,8543,8545],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8529,8530],{"class":72},"user_value ",[66,8532,77],{"class":76},[66,8534,8535],{"class":154}," input",[66,8537,158],{"class":80},[66,8539,85],{"class":84},[66,8541,8542],{"class":88},"Enter True or False: ",[66,8544,85],{"class":84},[66,8546,163],{"class":80},[66,8548,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557,8560],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8550,155],{"class":154},[66,8552,158],{"class":80},[66,8554,4162],{"class":173},[66,8556,158],{"class":80},[66,8558,8559],{"class":137},"user_value",[66,8561,181],{"class":80},[20,8563,8564,8565,8567,8568,8515,8570,8572],{},"If the user types ",[15,8566,3967],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8569,1386],{},[15,8571,6973],{}," is not empty.",[52,8574,8576],{"id":8575},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8578,8579,8580,8582,8583,8585],{},"In many ",[15,8581,7291],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8584,4106],{}," yourself.",[20,8587,8588],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8590,8591],{},"Instead of this:",[57,8593,8595],{"className":59,"code":8594,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8596,8597,8618,8622,8636],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8598,8599,8602,8604,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614,8616],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8600,8601],{"class":72},"my_list ",[66,8603,77],{"class":76},[66,8605,1711],{"class":80},[66,8607,1714],{"class":117},[66,8609,105],{"class":80},[66,8611,1719],{"class":117},[66,8613,105],{"class":80},[66,8615,1724],{"class":117},[66,8617,240],{"class":80},[66,8619,8620],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8621,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,8623,8624,8626,8628,8630,8633],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,8625,7291],{"class":1060},[66,8627,8274],{"class":173},[66,8629,158],{"class":80},[66,8631,8632],{"class":137},"my_list",[66,8634,8635],{"class":80},"):\n",[66,8637,8638,8640,8642,8644,8647,8649],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,8639,1081],{"class":154},[66,8641,158],{"class":80},[66,8643,85],{"class":84},[66,8645,8646],{"class":88},"List has items",[66,8648,85],{"class":84},[66,8650,163],{"class":80},[20,8652,8653],{},"You can simply write:",[57,8655,8657],{"className":59,"code":8656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8658,8659,8679,8683,8692],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8660,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8662,8601],{"class":72},[66,8664,77],{"class":76},[66,8666,1711],{"class":80},[66,8668,1714],{"class":117},[66,8670,105],{"class":80},[66,8672,1719],{"class":117},[66,8674,105],{"class":80},[66,8676,1724],{"class":117},[66,8678,240],{"class":80},[66,8680,8681],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8682,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,8684,8685,8687,8690],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,8686,7291],{"class":1060},[66,8688,8689],{"class":72}," my_list",[66,8691,1133],{"class":80},[66,8693,8694,8696,8698,8700,8702,8704],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,8695,1081],{"class":154},[66,8697,158],{"class":80},[66,8699,85],{"class":84},[66,8701,8646],{"class":88},[66,8703,85],{"class":84},[66,8705,163],{"class":80},[20,8707,8708],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8710,1848,8711,8713],{},[15,8712,4106],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8715,8716,8719,8727],{},[33,8717,8718],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8720,8721,8722,3176,8724,8726],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8723,1386],{},[15,8725,3967],{}," value",[33,8728,8729],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8731,8732,8733,50],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[652,8734,8735],{"href":2596},"Python type() function explained",[52,8737,1838],{"id":1837},[20,8739,8740,8741,50],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8742,4106],{},[1430,8744,1433,8746,8748,8749],{"id":8745},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8747,8421],{}," to return ",[15,8750,3967],{},[20,8752,8753],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[57,8755,8756],{"className":59,"code":8011,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8757,8758],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8759,8760,8762,8764,8766,8768,8770,8772,8774],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8761,155],{"class":154},[66,8763,158],{"class":80},[66,8765,4162],{"class":173},[66,8767,158],{"class":80},[66,8769,85],{"class":84},[66,8771,3967],{"class":88},[66,8773,85],{"class":84},[66,8775,181],{"class":80},[20,8777,187],{},[57,8779,8780],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8781,8782],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8783,8784],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8785,4272],{"class":4146},[20,8787,8788,8789,6974],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8790,6973],{},[20,8792,8793],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[57,8795,8797],{"className":59,"code":8796,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8798,8799,8811],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8800,8801,8803,8805,8807,8809],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8802,2745],{"class":72},[66,8804,77],{"class":76},[66,8806,97],{"class":84},[66,8808,3967],{"class":88},[66,8810,376],{"class":84},[66,8812,8813,8815,8817,8819,8821,8823,8825,8827],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8814,155],{"class":154},[66,8816,158],{"class":80},[66,8818,2745],{"class":137},[66,8820,4984],{"class":76},[66,8822,97],{"class":84},[66,8824,1386],{"class":88},[66,8826,85],{"class":84},[66,8828,163],{"class":80},[20,8830,187],{},[57,8832,8833],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,8834,8835],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8836,8837],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8838,4333],{"class":4146},[1430,8840,8842],{"id":8841},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8844,8845,8847],{},[15,8846,3256],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[57,8849,8851],{"className":59,"code":8850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8852,8853,8872],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8854,8855,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8868,8870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8856,2745],{"class":72},[66,8858,77],{"class":76},[66,8860,8535],{"class":154},[66,8862,158],{"class":80},[66,8864,85],{"class":84},[66,8866,8867],{"class":88},"Enter yes or no: ",[66,8869,85],{"class":84},[66,8871,163],{"class":80},[66,8873,8874,8876,8878,8880,8882,8884],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8875,155],{"class":154},[66,8877,158],{"class":80},[66,8879,4162],{"class":173},[66,8881,158],{"class":80},[66,8883,2771],{"class":137},[66,8885,181],{"class":80},[20,8887,8564,8888,8891,8892,8894,8895,8572],{},[15,8889,8890],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8893,1386],{}," because ",[15,8896,8897],{},"\"no\"",[20,8899,8900],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[57,8902,8904],{"className":59,"code":8903,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8905,8906,8936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,8907,8908,8910,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920,8922,8925,8928,8931,8934],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,8909,2745],{"class":72},[66,8911,77],{"class":76},[66,8913,8535],{"class":154},[66,8915,158],{"class":80},[66,8917,85],{"class":84},[66,8919,8867],{"class":88},[66,8921,85],{"class":84},[66,8923,8924],{"class":80},").",[66,8926,8927],{"class":137},"strip",[66,8929,8930],{"class":80},"().",[66,8932,8933],{"class":137},"lower",[66,8935,141],{"class":80},[66,8937,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946,8948,8951,8953],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,8939,155],{"class":154},[66,8941,158],{"class":80},[66,8943,2745],{"class":137},[66,8945,4984],{"class":76},[66,8947,97],{"class":84},[66,8949,8950],{"class":88},"yes",[66,8952,85],{"class":84},[66,8954,163],{"class":80},[20,8956,8957,8958,8960,8961,50],{},"This gives ",[15,8959,1386],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8962,8950],{},[1430,8964,8966],{"id":8965},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8968,8969],{},"These are different:",[30,8971,8972,8976,8980,8984,8988],{},[33,8973,8974],{},[15,8975,3967],{},[33,8977,8978],{},[15,8979,2021],{},[33,8981,8982],{},[15,8983,6565],{},[33,8985,8986],{},[15,8987,4080],{},[33,8989,8990],{},[15,8991,4071],{},[20,8993,8994,8995,8997,8998,9000],{},"They all become ",[15,8996,3967],{}," with ",[15,8999,4106],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9002,9003],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[57,9005,9007],{"className":59,"code":9006,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9008,9009,9017,9031],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9010,9011,9013,9015],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9012,2745],{"class":72},[66,9014,77],{"class":76},[66,9016,8132],{"class":80},[66,9018,9019,9021,9023,9025,9027,9029],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9020,155],{"class":154},[66,9022,158],{"class":80},[66,9024,912],{"class":173},[66,9026,158],{"class":80},[66,9028,2771],{"class":137},[66,9030,181],{"class":80},[66,9032,9033,9035,9037,9039,9041,9043],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,9034,155],{"class":154},[66,9036,158],{"class":80},[66,9038,4162],{"class":173},[66,9040,158],{"class":80},[66,9042,2771],{"class":137},[66,9044,181],{"class":80},[20,9046,187],{},[57,9048,9050],{"className":59,"code":9049,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9051,9052,9066],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9053,9054,9056,9058,9060,9062,9064],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9055,954],{"class":76},[66,9057,958],{"class":957},[66,9059,211],{"class":84},[66,9061,174],{"class":88},[66,9063,202],{"class":84},[66,9065,967],{"class":76},[66,9067,9068],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9069,4333],{"class":4146},[1430,9071,1848,9073,9075],{"id":9072},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9074,4085],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9077,9078,9079,9081],{},"In Python, ",[15,9080,4085],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[57,9083,9085],{"className":59,"code":9084,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9086,9087],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9088,9089,9091,9093,9095],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9090,155],{"class":154},[66,9092,158],{"class":80},[66,9094,912],{"class":173},[66,9096,7751],{"class":80},[20,9098,187],{},[57,9100,9102],{"className":59,"code":9101,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9103,9104],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9105,9106,9108,9110,9112,9115,9117],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9107,954],{"class":76},[66,9109,958],{"class":957},[66,9111,211],{"class":84},[66,9113,9114],{"class":88},"dict",[66,9116,202],{"class":84},[66,9118,967],{"class":76},[20,9120,9121],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[57,9123,9125],{"className":59,"code":9124,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9126,9127],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9128,9129,9131,9133,9135,9137,9139],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9130,155],{"class":154},[66,9132,158],{"class":80},[66,9134,912],{"class":173},[66,9136,158],{"class":80},[66,9138,6580],{"class":173},[66,9140,560],{"class":80},[20,9142,187],{},[57,9144,9146],{"className":59,"code":9145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9147,9148],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9149,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9151,954],{"class":76},[66,9153,958],{"class":957},[66,9155,211],{"class":84},[66,9157,6580],{"class":88},[66,9159,202],{"class":84},[66,9161,967],{"class":76},[52,9163,9165],{"id":9164},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9167,9168,9169,9171],{},"If ",[15,9170,4106],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[57,9173,9175],{"className":59,"code":9174,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9176,9177,9191,9205,9215,9233],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9178,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187,9189],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9180,155],{"class":154},[66,9182,158],{"class":80},[66,9184,4162],{"class":173},[66,9186,158],{"class":80},[66,9188,2771],{"class":137},[66,9190,181],{"class":80},[66,9192,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9194,155],{"class":154},[66,9196,158],{"class":80},[66,9198,912],{"class":173},[66,9200,158],{"class":80},[66,9202,2771],{"class":137},[66,9204,181],{"class":80},[66,9206,9207,9209,9211,9213],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,9208,155],{"class":154},[66,9210,158],{"class":80},[66,9212,2771],{"class":137},[66,9214,163],{"class":80},[66,9216,9217,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,9218,155],{"class":154},[66,9220,158],{"class":80},[66,9222,2745],{"class":137},[66,9224,4984],{"class":76},[66,9226,97],{"class":84},[66,9228,1386],{"class":88},[66,9230,85],{"class":84},[66,9232,163],{"class":80},[66,9234,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,9236,155],{"class":154},[66,9238,158],{"class":80},[66,9240,2771],{"class":137},[66,9242,50],{"class":80},[66,9244,8927],{"class":137},[66,9246,8930],{"class":80},[66,9248,8933],{"class":137},[66,9250,345],{"class":80},[20,9252,9253],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,9255,9256,9259,9262,9265],{},[33,9257,9258],{},"what the value really is",[33,9260,9261],{},"whether it is a string",[33,9263,9264],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,9266,9267],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9269,9270,9271,50],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[652,9272,9274],{"href":9273},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[52,9276,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,9278,9280],{"id":9279},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9282,9283,9284,3176,9286,50],{},"It returns either ",[15,9285,1386],{},[15,9287,3967],{},[1430,9289,9291],{"id":9290},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9293,5443,9294,50],{},[15,9295,3967],{},[1430,9297,9299],{"id":9298},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9301,9302,9303,50],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9304,1386],{},[1430,9306,9308],{"id":9307},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9310,9311,9312,50],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9313,3967],{},[1430,9315,9317],{"id":9316},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9319,9320,9321,3176,9323,4030],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9322,1386],{},[15,9324,3967],{},[52,9326,2183],{"id":2182},[30,9328,9329,9334,9338,9343,9347,9352],{},[33,9330,9331],{},[652,9332,9333],{"href":6072},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,9335,9336],{},[652,9337,8402],{"href":8401},[33,9339,9340],{},[652,9341,9342],{"href":8512},"Python input() function explained",[33,9344,9345],{},[652,9346,8735],{"href":2596},[33,9348,9349],{},[652,9350,9351],{"href":9273},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,9353,9354],{},[652,9355,9356],{"href":7503},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2222,9358,9359],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":9361},[9362,9363,9364,9365,9366,9367,9373,9379,9380,9388,9389,9396],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":7441,"depth":124,"text":7442},{"id":7507,"depth":124,"text":7508},{"id":7626,"depth":124,"text":7627},{"id":7821,"depth":124,"text":7822},{"id":8052,"depth":124,"text":8053,"children":9368},[9369,9370,9371,9372],{"id":8062,"depth":144,"text":8063},{"id":8159,"depth":144,"text":8160},{"id":8244,"depth":144,"text":8245},{"id":8317,"depth":144,"text":8318},{"id":8405,"depth":124,"text":8406,"children":9374},[9375,9377],{"id":8418,"depth":144,"text":9376},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8458,"depth":144,"text":9378},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8575,"depth":124,"text":8576},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":9381},[9382,9384,9385,9386],{"id":8745,"depth":144,"text":9383},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8841,"depth":144,"text":8842},{"id":8965,"depth":144,"text":8966},{"id":9072,"depth":144,"text":9387},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9164,"depth":124,"text":9165},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":9390},[9391,9392,9393,9394,9395],{"id":9279,"depth":144,"text":9280},{"id":9290,"depth":144,"text":9291},{"id":9298,"depth":144,"text":9299},{"id":9307,"depth":144,"text":9308},{"id":9316,"depth":144,"text":9317},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7268,"description":9397},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9404,"title":9405,"body":9406,"description":11588,"extension":2260,"meta":11589,"navigation":147,"path":11590,"seo":11591,"stem":11592,"__hash__":11593},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9407,"toc":11550},[9408,9414,9420,9427,9432,9443,9449,9556,9560,9626,9631,9636,9641,9644,9655,9660,9663,9674,9680,9682,9687,9691,9716,9720,9729,9733,9796,9800,9833,9837,9882,9886,9923,9927,9930,9986,9990,10036,10039,10044,10083,10087,10110,10113,10127,10140,10144,10149,10216,10220,10256,10259,10267,10270,10334,10338,10370,10376,10378,10438,10445,10448,10526,10530,10563,10567,10570,10614,10618,10654,10657,10674,10677,10680,10731,10734,10745,10752,10761,10764,10821,10825,10866,10874,10882,10887,10895,10907,10912,10923,10996,10999,11011,11025,11029,11034,11038,11040,11083,11089,11092,11155,11159,11162,11171,11176,11213,11217,11220,11228,11231,11270,11274,11277,11328,11332,11353,11360,11362,11368,11395,11397,11452,11455,11466,11468,11475,11483,11489,11494,11501,11504,11511,11518,11520,11547],[10,9409,3870,9411,3874],{"id":9410},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9412,9413],{},"dict()",[20,9415,9416,9417,9419],{},"The built-in ",[15,9418,9413],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9421,9422,9423,9426],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[185,9424,9425],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9428,9429,9431],{},[15,9430,9413],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,9433,9434,9437,9440],{},[33,9435,9436],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,9438,9439],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,9441,9442],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9444,650,9445,50],{},[652,9446,9448],{"href":9447},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[57,9450,9452],{"className":59,"code":9451,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9453,9454,9488,9498,9502,9541],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9455,9456,9458,9460,9463,9465,9468,9470,9472,9474,9476,9478,9481,9483,9486],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9457,472],{"class":72},[66,9459,77],{"class":76},[66,9461,9462],{"class":173}," dict",[66,9464,158],{"class":80},[66,9466,89],{"class":9467},"s99_P",[66,9469,77],{"class":76},[66,9471,202],{"class":84},[66,9473,5299],{"class":88},[66,9475,202],{"class":84},[66,9477,105],{"class":80},[66,9479,9480],{"class":9467}," age",[66,9482,77],{"class":76},[66,9484,9485],{"class":117},"25",[66,9487,163],{"class":80},[66,9489,9490,9492,9494,9496],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9491,155],{"class":154},[66,9493,158],{"class":80},[66,9495,535],{"class":137},[66,9497,163],{"class":80},[66,9499,9500],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,9501,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,9503,9504,9507,9509,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522,9525,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,9505,9506],{"class":72},"pairs ",[66,9508,77],{"class":76},[66,9510,9511],{"class":80}," [(",[66,9513,202],{"class":84},[66,9515,652],{"class":88},[66,9517,202],{"class":84},[66,9519,105],{"class":80},[66,9521,1896],{"class":117},[66,9523,9524],{"class":80},"),",[66,9526,9527],{"class":80}," (",[66,9529,202],{"class":84},[66,9531,1903],{"class":88},[66,9533,202],{"class":84},[66,9535,105],{"class":80},[66,9537,1719],{"class":117},[66,9539,9540],{"class":80},")]\n",[66,9542,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9554],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,9544,155],{"class":154},[66,9546,158],{"class":80},[66,9548,9114],{"class":173},[66,9550,158],{"class":80},[66,9552,9553],{"class":137},"pairs",[66,9555,181],{"class":80},[20,9557,9558],{},[185,9559,187],{},[57,9561,9563],{"className":59,"code":9562,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9564,9565,9598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9566,9567,9570,9572,9574,9576,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9568,9569],{"class":80},"{",[66,9571,202],{"class":84},[66,9573,89],{"class":88},[66,9575,202],{"class":84},[66,9577,94],{"class":80},[66,9579,211],{"class":84},[66,9581,5299],{"class":88},[66,9583,202],{"class":84},[66,9585,105],{"class":80},[66,9587,211],{"class":84},[66,9589,110],{"class":88},[66,9591,202],{"class":84},[66,9593,94],{"class":80},[66,9595,323],{"class":117},[66,9597,121],{"class":80},[66,9599,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9601,9569],{"class":80},[66,9603,202],{"class":84},[66,9605,652],{"class":88},[66,9607,202],{"class":84},[66,9609,94],{"class":80},[66,9611,1896],{"class":117},[66,9613,105],{"class":80},[66,9615,211],{"class":84},[66,9617,1903],{"class":88},[66,9619,202],{"class":84},[66,9621,94],{"class":80},[66,9623,1719],{"class":117},[66,9625,121],{"class":80},[20,9627,243,9628,9630],{},[15,9629,9413],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[52,9632,250,9634,253],{"id":9633},"what-dict-does",[15,9635,9413],{},[20,9637,9638,9640],{},[15,9639,9413],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9642,9643],{},"A dictionary:",[30,9645,9646,9649,9652],{},[33,9647,9648],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,9650,9651],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,9653,9654],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9656,9657,9659],{},[15,9658,9413],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9661,9662],{},"Common uses include:",[30,9664,9665,9668,9671],{},[33,9666,9667],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,9669,9670],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,9672,9673],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9675,9676,9677,50],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[652,9678,9679],{"href":654},"creating a dictionary in Python",[52,9681,2455],{"id":2454},[20,9683,9684,9686],{},[15,9685,9413],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1430,9688,9690],{"id":9689},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[57,9692,9694],{"className":59,"code":9693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9695,9696,9706],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9697,9698,9700,9702,9704],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9699,472],{"class":72},[66,9701,77],{"class":76},[66,9703,9462],{"class":173},[66,9705,141],{"class":80},[66,9707,9708,9710,9712,9714],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9709,155],{"class":154},[66,9711,158],{"class":80},[66,9713,535],{"class":137},[66,9715,163],{"class":80},[20,9717,9718],{},[185,9719,187],{},[57,9721,9723],{"className":59,"code":9722,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{}\n",[15,9724,9725],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9726,9727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9728,9722],{"class":80},[1430,9730,9732],{"id":9731},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[57,9734,9736],{"className":59,"code":9735,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9737,9738,9772,9786],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9739,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9741,9506],{"class":72},[66,9743,77],{"class":76},[66,9745,9511],{"class":80},[66,9747,202],{"class":84},[66,9749,652],{"class":88},[66,9751,202],{"class":84},[66,9753,105],{"class":80},[66,9755,1896],{"class":117},[66,9757,9524],{"class":80},[66,9759,9527],{"class":80},[66,9761,202],{"class":84},[66,9763,1903],{"class":88},[66,9765,202],{"class":84},[66,9767,105],{"class":80},[66,9769,1719],{"class":117},[66,9771,9540],{"class":80},[66,9773,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9775,472],{"class":72},[66,9777,77],{"class":76},[66,9779,9462],{"class":173},[66,9781,158],{"class":80},[66,9783,9553],{"class":137},[66,9785,163],{"class":80},[66,9787,9788,9790,9792,9794],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,9789,155],{"class":154},[66,9791,158],{"class":80},[66,9793,535],{"class":137},[66,9795,163],{"class":80},[20,9797,9798],{},[185,9799,187],{},[57,9801,9803],{"className":59,"code":9802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9804,9805],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9806,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9808,9569],{"class":80},[66,9810,202],{"class":84},[66,9812,652],{"class":88},[66,9814,202],{"class":84},[66,9816,94],{"class":80},[66,9818,1896],{"class":117},[66,9820,105],{"class":80},[66,9822,211],{"class":84},[66,9824,1903],{"class":88},[66,9826,202],{"class":84},[66,9828,94],{"class":80},[66,9830,1719],{"class":117},[66,9832,121],{"class":80},[1430,9834,9836],{"id":9835},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[57,9838,9840],{"className":59,"code":9839,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9841,9842,9872],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9843,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9845,472],{"class":72},[66,9847,77],{"class":76},[66,9849,9462],{"class":173},[66,9851,158],{"class":80},[66,9853,89],{"class":9467},[66,9855,77],{"class":76},[66,9857,202],{"class":84},[66,9859,5299],{"class":88},[66,9861,202],{"class":84},[66,9863,105],{"class":80},[66,9865,9480],{"class":9467},[66,9867,77],{"class":76},[66,9869,9485],{"class":117},[66,9871,163],{"class":80},[66,9873,9874,9876,9878,9880],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9875,155],{"class":154},[66,9877,158],{"class":80},[66,9879,535],{"class":137},[66,9881,163],{"class":80},[20,9883,9884],{},[185,9885,187],{},[57,9887,9889],{"className":59,"code":9888,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9890,9891],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9892,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9894,9569],{"class":80},[66,9896,202],{"class":84},[66,9898,89],{"class":88},[66,9900,202],{"class":84},[66,9902,94],{"class":80},[66,9904,211],{"class":84},[66,9906,5299],{"class":88},[66,9908,202],{"class":84},[66,9910,105],{"class":80},[66,9912,211],{"class":84},[66,9914,110],{"class":88},[66,9916,202],{"class":84},[66,9918,94],{"class":80},[66,9920,323],{"class":117},[66,9922,121],{"class":80},[1430,9924,9926],{"id":9925},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9928,9929],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[57,9931,9933],{"className":59,"code":9932,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9934,9935,9976],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9936,9937,9939,9941,9943,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9970,9972,9974],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9938,472],{"class":72},[66,9940,77],{"class":76},[66,9942,9462],{"class":173},[66,9944,9945],{"class":80},"([(",[66,9947,202],{"class":84},[66,9949,652],{"class":88},[66,9951,202],{"class":84},[66,9953,105],{"class":80},[66,9955,1896],{"class":117},[66,9957,9958],{"class":80},")],",[66,9960,2858],{"class":9467},[66,9962,77],{"class":76},[66,9964,2354],{"class":117},[66,9966,105],{"class":80},[66,9968,9969],{"class":9467}," c",[66,9971,77],{"class":76},[66,9973,2360],{"class":117},[66,9975,163],{"class":80},[66,9977,9978,9980,9982,9984],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,9979,155],{"class":154},[66,9981,158],{"class":80},[66,9983,535],{"class":137},[66,9985,163],{"class":80},[20,9987,9988],{},[185,9989,187],{},[57,9991,9993],{"className":59,"code":9992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9994,9995],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,9996,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10028,10030,10032,10034],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,9998,9569],{"class":80},[66,10000,202],{"class":84},[66,10002,652],{"class":88},[66,10004,202],{"class":84},[66,10006,94],{"class":80},[66,10008,1896],{"class":117},[66,10010,105],{"class":80},[66,10012,211],{"class":84},[66,10014,1903],{"class":88},[66,10016,202],{"class":84},[66,10018,94],{"class":80},[66,10020,1719],{"class":117},[66,10022,105],{"class":80},[66,10024,211],{"class":84},[66,10026,10027],{"class":88},"c",[66,10029,202],{"class":84},[66,10031,94],{"class":80},[66,10033,1724],{"class":117},[66,10035,121],{"class":80},[52,10037,9690],{"id":10038},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10040,243,10041,10043],{},[15,10042,9413],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[57,10045,10047],{"className":59,"code":10046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10048,10049,10059,10073],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10050,10051,10053,10055,10057],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10052,472],{"class":72},[66,10054,77],{"class":76},[66,10056,9462],{"class":173},[66,10058,141],{"class":80},[66,10060,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10062,155],{"class":154},[66,10064,158],{"class":80},[66,10066,912],{"class":173},[66,10068,158],{"class":80},[66,10070,535],{"class":137},[66,10072,181],{"class":80},[66,10074,10075,10077,10079,10081],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,10076,155],{"class":154},[66,10078,158],{"class":80},[66,10080,535],{"class":137},[66,10082,163],{"class":80},[20,10084,10085],{},[185,10086,187],{},[57,10088,10090],{"className":59,"code":10089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10091,10092,10106],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10093,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10095,954],{"class":76},[66,10097,958],{"class":957},[66,10099,211],{"class":84},[66,10101,9114],{"class":88},[66,10103,202],{"class":84},[66,10105,967],{"class":76},[66,10107,10108],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10109,9722],{"class":80},[20,10111,10112],{},"This gives the same result as:",[57,10114,10116],{"className":59,"code":10115,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\n",[15,10117,10118],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10119,10120,10122,10124],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10121,472],{"class":72},[66,10123,77],{"class":76},[66,10125,10126],{"class":80}," {}\n",[20,10128,10129,10130,10132,10133,10136,10137,10139],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10131,4085],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10134,10135],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10138,9413],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[52,10141,10143],{"id":10142},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10145,10146,10147,50],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10148,9413],{},[57,10150,10152],{"className":59,"code":10151,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10153,10154,10192,10206],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10155,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10157,9506],{"class":72},[66,10159,77],{"class":76},[66,10161,9511],{"class":80},[66,10163,202],{"class":84},[66,10165,89],{"class":88},[66,10167,202],{"class":84},[66,10169,105],{"class":80},[66,10171,211],{"class":84},[66,10173,5299],{"class":88},[66,10175,202],{"class":84},[66,10177,9524],{"class":80},[66,10179,9527],{"class":80},[66,10181,202],{"class":84},[66,10183,110],{"class":88},[66,10185,202],{"class":84},[66,10187,105],{"class":80},[66,10189,323],{"class":117},[66,10191,9540],{"class":80},[66,10193,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10195,472],{"class":72},[66,10197,77],{"class":76},[66,10199,9462],{"class":173},[66,10201,158],{"class":80},[66,10203,9553],{"class":137},[66,10205,163],{"class":80},[66,10207,10208,10210,10212,10214],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,10209,155],{"class":154},[66,10211,158],{"class":80},[66,10213,535],{"class":137},[66,10215,163],{"class":80},[20,10217,10218],{},[185,10219,187],{},[57,10221,10222],{"className":59,"code":9888,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10223,10224],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10225,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10227,9569],{"class":80},[66,10229,202],{"class":84},[66,10231,89],{"class":88},[66,10233,202],{"class":84},[66,10235,94],{"class":80},[66,10237,211],{"class":84},[66,10239,5299],{"class":88},[66,10241,202],{"class":84},[66,10243,105],{"class":80},[66,10245,211],{"class":84},[66,10247,110],{"class":88},[66,10249,202],{"class":84},[66,10251,94],{"class":80},[66,10253,323],{"class":117},[66,10255,121],{"class":80},[20,10257,10258],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,10260,10261,10264],{},[33,10262,10263],{},"the first item as the key",[33,10265,10266],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10268,10269],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[57,10271,10273],{"className":59,"code":10272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10274,10275,10310,10324],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10276,10277,10279,10281,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10278,9506],{"class":72},[66,10280,77],{"class":76},[66,10282,10283],{"class":80}," ((",[66,10285,202],{"class":84},[66,10287,652],{"class":88},[66,10289,202],{"class":84},[66,10291,105],{"class":80},[66,10293,1896],{"class":117},[66,10295,9524],{"class":80},[66,10297,9527],{"class":80},[66,10299,202],{"class":84},[66,10301,1903],{"class":88},[66,10303,202],{"class":84},[66,10305,105],{"class":80},[66,10307,1719],{"class":117},[66,10309,181],{"class":80},[66,10311,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10313,472],{"class":72},[66,10315,77],{"class":76},[66,10317,9462],{"class":173},[66,10319,158],{"class":80},[66,10321,9553],{"class":137},[66,10323,163],{"class":80},[66,10325,10326,10328,10330,10332],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,10327,155],{"class":154},[66,10329,158],{"class":80},[66,10331,535],{"class":137},[66,10333,163],{"class":80},[20,10335,10336],{},[185,10337,187],{},[57,10339,10340],{"className":59,"code":9802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10341,10342],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10343,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366,10368],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10345,9569],{"class":80},[66,10347,202],{"class":84},[66,10349,652],{"class":88},[66,10351,202],{"class":84},[66,10353,94],{"class":80},[66,10355,1896],{"class":117},[66,10357,105],{"class":80},[66,10359,211],{"class":84},[66,10361,1903],{"class":88},[66,10363,202],{"class":84},[66,10365,94],{"class":80},[66,10367,1719],{"class":117},[66,10369,121],{"class":80},[20,10371,10372,10373,50],{},"Each item must contain ",[185,10374,10375],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10377,1696],{},[57,10379,10381],{"className":59,"code":10380,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10382,10383,10423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10384,10385,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10386,10387],{"class":72},"bad_data ",[66,10389,77],{"class":76},[66,10391,9511],{"class":80},[66,10393,202],{"class":84},[66,10395,652],{"class":88},[66,10397,202],{"class":84},[66,10399,105],{"class":80},[66,10401,1896],{"class":117},[66,10403,105],{"class":80},[66,10405,10406],{"class":117}," 100",[66,10408,9524],{"class":80},[66,10410,9527],{"class":80},[66,10412,202],{"class":84},[66,10414,1903],{"class":88},[66,10416,202],{"class":84},[66,10418,105],{"class":80},[66,10420,1719],{"class":117},[66,10422,9540],{"class":80},[66,10424,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10436],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10426,877],{"class":72},[66,10428,77],{"class":76},[66,10430,9462],{"class":173},[66,10432,158],{"class":80},[66,10434,10435],{"class":137},"bad_data",[66,10437,163],{"class":80},[20,10439,10440,10441,10444],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10442,10443],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10446,10447],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[57,10449,10451],{"className":59,"code":10450,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10452,10453,10502,10516],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10454,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10456,9506],{"class":72},[66,10458,77],{"class":76},[66,10460,9511],{"class":80},[66,10462,202],{"class":84},[66,10464,652],{"class":88},[66,10466,202],{"class":84},[66,10468,105],{"class":80},[66,10470,1896],{"class":117},[66,10472,9524],{"class":80},[66,10474,9527],{"class":80},[66,10476,202],{"class":84},[66,10478,652],{"class":88},[66,10480,202],{"class":84},[66,10482,105],{"class":80},[66,10484,10485],{"class":117}," 99",[66,10487,9524],{"class":80},[66,10489,9527],{"class":80},[66,10491,202],{"class":84},[66,10493,1903],{"class":88},[66,10495,202],{"class":84},[66,10497,105],{"class":80},[66,10499,1719],{"class":117},[66,10501,9540],{"class":80},[66,10503,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10505,472],{"class":72},[66,10507,77],{"class":76},[66,10509,9462],{"class":173},[66,10511,158],{"class":80},[66,10513,9553],{"class":137},[66,10515,163],{"class":80},[66,10517,10518,10520,10522,10524],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,10519,155],{"class":154},[66,10521,158],{"class":80},[66,10523,535],{"class":137},[66,10525,163],{"class":80},[20,10527,10528],{},[185,10529,187],{},[57,10531,10533],{"className":59,"code":10532,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10534,10535],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10536,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10538,9569],{"class":80},[66,10540,202],{"class":84},[66,10542,652],{"class":88},[66,10544,202],{"class":84},[66,10546,94],{"class":80},[66,10548,10485],{"class":117},[66,10550,105],{"class":80},[66,10552,211],{"class":84},[66,10554,1903],{"class":88},[66,10556,202],{"class":84},[66,10558,94],{"class":80},[66,10560,1719],{"class":117},[66,10562,121],{"class":80},[52,10564,10566],{"id":10565},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10568,10569],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[57,10571,10572],{"className":59,"code":9839,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10573,10574,10604],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10575,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10588,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10577,472],{"class":72},[66,10579,77],{"class":76},[66,10581,9462],{"class":173},[66,10583,158],{"class":80},[66,10585,89],{"class":9467},[66,10587,77],{"class":76},[66,10589,202],{"class":84},[66,10591,5299],{"class":88},[66,10593,202],{"class":84},[66,10595,105],{"class":80},[66,10597,9480],{"class":9467},[66,10599,77],{"class":76},[66,10601,9485],{"class":117},[66,10603,163],{"class":80},[66,10605,10606,10608,10610,10612],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10607,155],{"class":154},[66,10609,158],{"class":80},[66,10611,535],{"class":137},[66,10613,163],{"class":80},[20,10615,10616],{},[185,10617,187],{},[57,10619,10620],{"className":59,"code":9888,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10621,10622],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10623,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644,10646,10648,10650,10652],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10625,9569],{"class":80},[66,10627,202],{"class":84},[66,10629,89],{"class":88},[66,10631,202],{"class":84},[66,10633,94],{"class":80},[66,10635,211],{"class":84},[66,10637,5299],{"class":88},[66,10639,202],{"class":84},[66,10641,105],{"class":80},[66,10643,211],{"class":84},[66,10645,110],{"class":88},[66,10647,202],{"class":84},[66,10649,94],{"class":80},[66,10651,323],{"class":117},[66,10653,121],{"class":80},[20,10655,10656],{},"In this form:",[30,10658,10659,10667],{},[33,10660,10661,10663,10664],{},[15,10662,89],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10665,10666],{},"'name'",[33,10668,10669,10663,10671],{},[15,10670,110],{},[15,10672,10673],{},"'age'",[20,10675,10676],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10678,10679],{},"Valid examples:",[57,10681,10683],{"className":59,"code":10682,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10684,10685,10721],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10686,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10710,10712,10714,10717,10719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10688,472],{"class":72},[66,10690,77],{"class":76},[66,10692,9462],{"class":173},[66,10694,158],{"class":80},[66,10696,360],{"class":9467},[66,10698,77],{"class":76},[66,10700,202],{"class":84},[66,10702,373],{"class":88},[66,10704,202],{"class":84},[66,10706,105],{"class":80},[66,10708,10709],{"class":9467}," country",[66,10711,77],{"class":76},[66,10713,202],{"class":84},[66,10715,10716],{"class":88},"France",[66,10718,202],{"class":84},[66,10720,163],{"class":80},[66,10722,10723,10725,10727,10729],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10724,155],{"class":154},[66,10726,158],{"class":80},[66,10728,535],{"class":137},[66,10730,163],{"class":80},[20,10732,10733],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10735,10736,10739,10742],{},[33,10737,10738],{},"spaces",[33,10740,10741],{},"hyphens",[33,10743,10744],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10746,10747,10748,10751],{},"For example, this is ",[185,10749,10750],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[57,10753,10755],{"className":59,"code":10754,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10756,10757],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10758,10759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10760,10754],{"class":1945},[20,10762,10763],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[57,10765,10767],{"className":59,"code":10766,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10768,10769,10811],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10770,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10772,472],{"class":72},[66,10774,77],{"class":76},[66,10776,81],{"class":80},[66,10778,202],{"class":84},[66,10780,10781],{"class":88},"first-name",[66,10783,202],{"class":84},[66,10785,94],{"class":80},[66,10787,211],{"class":84},[66,10789,7970],{"class":88},[66,10791,202],{"class":84},[66,10793,105],{"class":80},[66,10795,211],{"class":84},[66,10797,10798],{"class":88},"first name",[66,10800,202],{"class":84},[66,10802,94],{"class":80},[66,10804,211],{"class":84},[66,10806,7970],{"class":88},[66,10808,202],{"class":84},[66,10810,121],{"class":80},[66,10812,10813,10815,10817,10819],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10814,155],{"class":154},[66,10816,158],{"class":80},[66,10818,535],{"class":137},[66,10820,163],{"class":80},[20,10822,10823],{},[185,10824,187],{},[57,10826,10828],{"className":59,"code":10827,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10829,10830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10831,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10833,9569],{"class":80},[66,10835,202],{"class":84},[66,10837,10781],{"class":88},[66,10839,202],{"class":84},[66,10841,94],{"class":80},[66,10843,211],{"class":84},[66,10845,7970],{"class":88},[66,10847,202],{"class":84},[66,10849,105],{"class":80},[66,10851,211],{"class":84},[66,10853,10798],{"class":88},[66,10855,202],{"class":84},[66,10857,94],{"class":80},[66,10859,211],{"class":84},[66,10861,7970],{"class":88},[66,10863,202],{"class":84},[66,10865,121],{"class":80},[52,10867,10869,10871,10872],{"id":10868},"dict-vs",[15,10870,9413],{}," vs ",[15,10873,4085],{},[20,10875,10876,10877,4688,10879,10881],{},"Both ",[15,10878,9413],{},[15,10880,4085],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1430,10883,243,10885,1161],{"id":10884},"use-when",[15,10886,4085],{},[30,10888,10889,10892],{},[33,10890,10891],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10893,10894],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[57,10896,10897],{"className":59,"code":10115,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,10898,10899],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10900,10901,10903,10905],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10902,472],{"class":72},[66,10904,77],{"class":76},[66,10906,10126],{"class":80},[1430,10908,243,10910,1161],{"id":10909},"use-dict-when",[15,10911,9413],{},[30,10913,10914,10917,10920],{},[33,10915,10916],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10918,10919],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10921,10922],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[57,10924,10926],{"className":59,"code":10925,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10927,10928,10965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,10929,10930,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946,10948,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,10931,472],{"class":72},[66,10933,77],{"class":76},[66,10935,9462],{"class":173},[66,10937,9945],{"class":80},[66,10939,202],{"class":84},[66,10941,652],{"class":88},[66,10943,202],{"class":84},[66,10945,105],{"class":80},[66,10947,1896],{"class":117},[66,10949,9524],{"class":80},[66,10951,9527],{"class":80},[66,10953,202],{"class":84},[66,10955,1903],{"class":88},[66,10957,202],{"class":84},[66,10959,105],{"class":80},[66,10961,1719],{"class":117},[66,10963,10964],{"class":80},")])\n",[66,10966,10967,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,10968,10969],{"class":72},"info ",[66,10971,77],{"class":76},[66,10973,9462],{"class":173},[66,10975,158],{"class":80},[66,10977,89],{"class":9467},[66,10979,77],{"class":76},[66,10981,202],{"class":84},[66,10983,5299],{"class":88},[66,10985,202],{"class":84},[66,10987,105],{"class":80},[66,10989,9480],{"class":9467},[66,10991,77],{"class":76},[66,10993,9485],{"class":117},[66,10995,163],{"class":80},[20,10997,10998],{},"So:",[30,11000,11001,11006],{},[33,11002,11003,11005],{},[15,11004,4085],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,11007,11008,11010],{},[15,11009,9413],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11012,11013,11014,11018,11019,50],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[652,11015,11017],{"href":11016},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[652,11020,974,11022,978],{"href":11021},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[15,11023,11024],{},"get()",[52,11026,11028],{"id":11027},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11030,11031,11032,50],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11033,9413],{},[1430,11035,11037],{"id":11036},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11039,4821],{},[57,11041,11043],{"className":59,"code":11042,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11044,11045,11069],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11046,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11048,8073],{"class":72},[66,11050,77],{"class":76},[66,11052,1711],{"class":80},[66,11054,202],{"class":84},[66,11056,652],{"class":88},[66,11058,202],{"class":84},[66,11060,105],{"class":80},[66,11062,211],{"class":84},[66,11064,1903],{"class":88},[66,11066,202],{"class":84},[66,11068,240],{"class":80},[66,11070,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11072,472],{"class":72},[66,11074,77],{"class":76},[66,11076,9462],{"class":173},[66,11078,158],{"class":80},[66,11080,8103],{"class":137},[66,11082,163],{"class":80},[20,11084,11085,11086,50],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11087,11088],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11090,11091],{},"Correct version:",[57,11093,11095],{"className":59,"code":11094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11096,11097,11131,11145],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11098,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125,11127,11129],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11100,8073],{"class":72},[66,11102,77],{"class":76},[66,11104,9511],{"class":80},[66,11106,202],{"class":84},[66,11108,652],{"class":88},[66,11110,202],{"class":84},[66,11112,105],{"class":80},[66,11114,1896],{"class":117},[66,11116,9524],{"class":80},[66,11118,9527],{"class":80},[66,11120,202],{"class":84},[66,11122,1903],{"class":88},[66,11124,202],{"class":84},[66,11126,105],{"class":80},[66,11128,1719],{"class":117},[66,11130,9540],{"class":80},[66,11132,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11134,472],{"class":72},[66,11136,77],{"class":76},[66,11138,9462],{"class":173},[66,11140,158],{"class":80},[66,11142,8103],{"class":137},[66,11144,163],{"class":80},[66,11146,11147,11149,11151,11153],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,11148,155],{"class":154},[66,11150,158],{"class":80},[66,11152,535],{"class":137},[66,11154,163],{"class":80},[1430,11156,11158],{"id":11157},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11160,11161],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[57,11163,11165],{"className":59,"code":11164,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11166,11167],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11168,11169],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11170,11164],{"class":1945},[20,11172,11173,11174,94],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11175,77],{},[57,11177,11179],{"className":59,"code":11178,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11180,11181,11203],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11182,11183,11185,11187,11189,11191,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11184,472],{"class":72},[66,11186,77],{"class":76},[66,11188,9462],{"class":173},[66,11190,158],{"class":80},[66,11192,89],{"class":9467},[66,11194,77],{"class":76},[66,11196,202],{"class":84},[66,11198,5299],{"class":88},[66,11200,202],{"class":84},[66,11202,163],{"class":80},[66,11204,11205,11207,11209,11211],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11206,155],{"class":154},[66,11208,158],{"class":80},[66,11210,535],{"class":137},[66,11212,163],{"class":80},[1430,11214,11216],{"id":11215},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11218,11219],{},"This will not work:",[57,11221,11222],{"className":59,"code":10754,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,11223,11224],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11225,11226],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11227,10754],{"class":1945},[20,11229,11230],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[57,11232,11234],{"className":59,"code":11233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11235,11236,11260],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11237,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254,11256,11258],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11239,472],{"class":72},[66,11241,77],{"class":76},[66,11243,81],{"class":80},[66,11245,202],{"class":84},[66,11247,10781],{"class":88},[66,11249,202],{"class":84},[66,11251,94],{"class":80},[66,11253,211],{"class":84},[66,11255,7970],{"class":88},[66,11257,202],{"class":84},[66,11259,121],{"class":80},[66,11261,11262,11264,11266,11268],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11263,155],{"class":154},[66,11265,158],{"class":80},[66,11267,535],{"class":137},[66,11269,163],{"class":80},[1430,11271,11273],{"id":11272},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11275,11276],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[57,11278,11280],{"className":59,"code":11279,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11281,11282,11318],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11283,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11285,472],{"class":72},[66,11287,77],{"class":76},[66,11289,9462],{"class":173},[66,11291,9945],{"class":80},[66,11293,202],{"class":84},[66,11295,2471],{"class":88},[66,11297,202],{"class":84},[66,11299,105],{"class":80},[66,11301,1896],{"class":117},[66,11303,9524],{"class":80},[66,11305,9527],{"class":80},[66,11307,202],{"class":84},[66,11309,2471],{"class":88},[66,11311,202],{"class":84},[66,11313,105],{"class":80},[66,11315,1719],{"class":117},[66,11317,10964],{"class":80},[66,11319,11320,11322,11324,11326],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11321,155],{"class":154},[66,11323,158],{"class":80},[66,11325,535],{"class":137},[66,11327,163],{"class":80},[20,11329,11330],{},[185,11331,187],{},[57,11333,11335],{"className":59,"code":11334,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11336,11337],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11338,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11340,9569],{"class":80},[66,11342,202],{"class":84},[66,11344,2471],{"class":88},[66,11346,202],{"class":84},[66,11348,94],{"class":80},[66,11350,1719],{"class":117},[66,11352,121],{"class":80},[20,11354,11355,11356,50],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[652,11357,11359],{"href":11358},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[52,11361,1838],{"id":1837},[20,11363,11364,11365,11367],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11366,9413],{}," include:",[30,11369,11370,11380,11386,11389],{},[33,11371,11372,11373,11376,11377],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11374,11375],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11378,11379],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,11381,11382,11383],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11384,11385],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,11387,11388],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,11390,11391,11392,11394],{},"confusing ",[15,11393,9413],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11396,2030],{},[57,11398,11400],{"className":59,"code":11399,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11401,11402,11416,11426,11437],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11403,11404,11406,11408,11410,11412,11414],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11405,155],{"class":154},[66,11407,158],{"class":80},[66,11409,912],{"class":173},[66,11411,158],{"class":80},[66,11413,535],{"class":137},[66,11415,181],{"class":80},[66,11417,11418,11420,11422,11424],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11419,155],{"class":154},[66,11421,158],{"class":80},[66,11423,535],{"class":137},[66,11425,163],{"class":80},[66,11427,11428,11430,11432,11435],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,11429,155],{"class":154},[66,11431,158],{"class":80},[66,11433,11434],{"class":137},"list_of_pairs",[66,11436,163],{"class":80},[66,11438,11439,11441,11443,11446,11448,11450],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,11440,155],{"class":154},[66,11442,158],{"class":80},[66,11444,11445],{"class":154},"len",[66,11447,158],{"class":80},[66,11449,11434],{"class":137},[66,11451,181],{"class":80},[20,11453,11454],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,11456,11457,11460,11463],{},[33,11458,11459],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,11461,11462],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,11464,11465],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[52,11467,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,11469,5475,11471,4688,11473,2151],{"id":11470},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11472,9413],{},[15,11474,4085],{},[20,11476,11477,11479,11480,11482],{},[15,11478,4085],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11481,9413],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1430,11484,5465,11486,11488],{"id":11485},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11487,9413],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11490,11491,11492,50],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11493,11379],{},[1430,11495,5453,11497,11500],{"id":11496},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11498,11499],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11502,11503],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1430,11505,11507,11508,11510],{"id":11506},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11509,9413],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11512,11513,11514,11517],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11515,11516],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[52,11519,2183],{"id":2182},[30,11521,11522,11527,11531,11536,11542],{},[33,11523,11524],{},[652,11525,11526],{"href":654},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,11528,11529],{},[652,11530,9448],{"href":9447},[33,11532,11533],{},[652,11534,11535],{"href":11016},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,11537,11538],{},[652,11539,974,11540,978],{"href":11021},[15,11541,11024],{},[33,11543,11544],{},[652,11545,11546],{"href":11358},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2222,11548,11549],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":11551},[11552,11554,11560,11561,11562,11563,11570,11576,11577,11587],{"id":9633,"depth":124,"text":11553},"What dict() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":11555},[11556,11557,11558,11559],{"id":9689,"depth":144,"text":9690},{"id":9731,"depth":144,"text":9732},{"id":9835,"depth":144,"text":9836},{"id":9925,"depth":144,"text":9926},{"id":10038,"depth":124,"text":9690},{"id":10142,"depth":124,"text":10143},{"id":10565,"depth":124,"text":10566},{"id":10868,"depth":124,"text":11564,"children":11565},"dict() vs {}",[11566,11568],{"id":10884,"depth":144,"text":11567},"Use {} when:",{"id":10909,"depth":144,"text":11569},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11027,"depth":124,"text":11028,"children":11571},[11572,11573,11574,11575],{"id":11036,"depth":144,"text":11037},{"id":11157,"depth":144,"text":11158},{"id":11215,"depth":144,"text":11216},{"id":11272,"depth":144,"text":11273},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":11578},[11579,11581,11583,11585],{"id":11470,"depth":144,"text":11580},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11485,"depth":144,"text":11582},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11496,"depth":144,"text":11584},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11506,"depth":144,"text":11586},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9405,"description":11588},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11595,"title":11596,"body":11597,"description":13104,"extension":2260,"meta":13105,"navigation":147,"path":13106,"seo":13107,"stem":13108,"__hash__":13109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11598,"toc":13073},[11599,11605,11611,11618,11620,11681,11686,11691,11696,11714,11717,11721,11723,11738,11740,11753,11757,11760,11894,11896,11963,11966,11982,11987,11993,11996,12078,12080,12094,12098,12104,12169,12171,12179,12182,12205,12211,12274,12280,12283,12297,12310,12314,12325,12330,12341,12348,12352,12358,12480,12482,12508,12511,12528,12531,12642,12644,12693,12695,12708,12717,12722,12727,12738,12740,12843,12866,12868,12872,12891,12894,12952,12955,12981,12983,12990,12993,12999,13003,13010,13018,13024,13027,13029,13070],[10,11600,13,11602,18],{"id":11601},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,11603,11604],{},"clear()",[20,11606,11607,11610],{},[15,11608,11609],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11612,11613,11614,11617],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[185,11615,11616],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[52,11619,55],{"id":54},[57,11621,11623],{"className":59,"code":11622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11624,11625,11657,11668],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11626,11627,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649,11651,11653,11655],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11628,472],{"class":72},[66,11630,77],{"class":76},[66,11632,81],{"class":80},[66,11634,85],{"class":84},[66,11636,652],{"class":88},[66,11638,85],{"class":84},[66,11640,94],{"class":80},[66,11642,1896],{"class":117},[66,11644,105],{"class":80},[66,11646,97],{"class":84},[66,11648,1903],{"class":88},[66,11650,85],{"class":84},[66,11652,94],{"class":80},[66,11654,1719],{"class":117},[66,11656,121],{"class":80},[66,11658,11659,11661,11663,11666],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11660,535],{"class":72},[66,11662,50],{"class":80},[66,11664,11665],{"class":137},"clear",[66,11667,141],{"class":80},[66,11669,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,11671,155],{"class":154},[66,11673,158],{"class":80},[66,11675,535],{"class":137},[66,11677,3954],{"class":80},[66,11679,11680],{"class":1945},"  # {}\n",[20,11682,11683,11685],{},[15,11684,11604],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[52,11687,250,11689,253],{"id":11688},"what-clear-does",[15,11690,11604],{},[20,11692,2277,11693,11695],{},[15,11694,11604],{}," method:",[30,11697,11698,11701,11704,11709],{},[33,11699,11700],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11702,11703],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11705,11706,11707],{},"Returns ",[15,11708,4071],{},[33,11710,11711,11712],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11713,4085],{},[20,11715,11716],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11718,650,11719,50],{},[652,11720,9448],{"href":9447},[52,11722,2455],{"id":2454},[57,11724,11726],{"className":59,"code":11725,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11727,11728],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11729,11730,11732,11734,11736],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11731,672],{"class":72},[66,11733,50],{"class":80},[66,11735,11665],{"class":137},[66,11737,141],{"class":80},[20,11739,261],{},[30,11741,11742,11747,11750],{},[33,11743,11744,11746],{},[15,11745,11604],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11748,11749],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11751,11752],{},"It empties that dictionary",[52,11754,11756],{"id":11755},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11758,11759],{},"Here is a basic example:",[57,11761,11763],{"className":59,"code":11762,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11764,11765,11775,11796,11810,11827,11831,11835,11855,11859,11870,11874],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11766,11767,11770,11772],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11768,11769],{"class":72},"user ",[66,11771,77],{"class":76},[66,11773,11774],{"class":80}," {\n",[66,11776,11777,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788,11791,11793],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11778,11779],{"class":84},"    \"",[66,11781,89],{"class":88},[66,11783,85],{"class":84},[66,11785,94],{"class":80},[66,11787,97],{"class":84},[66,11789,11790],{"class":88},"Maya",[66,11792,85],{"class":84},[66,11794,11795],{"class":80},",\n",[66,11797,11798,11800,11802,11804,11806,11808],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,11799,11779],{"class":84},[66,11801,110],{"class":88},[66,11803,85],{"class":84},[66,11805,94],{"class":80},[66,11807,323],{"class":117},[66,11809,11795],{"class":80},[66,11811,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822,11825],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,11813,11779],{"class":84},[66,11815,360],{"class":88},[66,11817,85],{"class":84},[66,11819,94],{"class":80},[66,11821,97],{"class":84},[66,11823,11824],{"class":88},"Berlin",[66,11826,376],{"class":84},[66,11828,11829],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,11830,121],{"class":80},[66,11832,11833],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,11834,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,11836,11837,11839,11841,11843,11846,11848,11850,11853],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,11838,155],{"class":154},[66,11840,158],{"class":80},[66,11842,85],{"class":84},[66,11844,11845],{"class":88},"Before:",[66,11847,85],{"class":84},[66,11849,105],{"class":80},[66,11851,11852],{"class":137}," user",[66,11854,163],{"class":80},[66,11856,11857],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,11858,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,11860,11861,11864,11866,11868],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,11862,11863],{"class":72},"user",[66,11865,50],{"class":80},[66,11867,11665],{"class":137},[66,11869,141],{"class":80},[66,11871,11872],{"class":68,"line":6729},[66,11873,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11886,11888,11890,11892],{"class":68,"line":11876},11,[66,11878,155],{"class":154},[66,11880,158],{"class":80},[66,11882,85],{"class":84},[66,11884,11885],{"class":88},"After:",[66,11887,85],{"class":84},[66,11889,105],{"class":80},[66,11891,11852],{"class":137},[66,11893,163],{"class":80},[20,11895,5854],{},[57,11897,11899],{"className":59,"code":11898,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11900,11901,11954],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,11902,11903,11906,11908,11910,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920,11922,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938,11940,11942,11944,11946,11948,11950,11952],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,11904,11905],{"class":72},"Before",[66,11907,94],{"class":80},[66,11909,81],{"class":80},[66,11911,202],{"class":84},[66,11913,89],{"class":88},[66,11915,202],{"class":84},[66,11917,94],{"class":80},[66,11919,211],{"class":84},[66,11921,11790],{"class":88},[66,11923,202],{"class":84},[66,11925,105],{"class":80},[66,11927,211],{"class":84},[66,11929,110],{"class":88},[66,11931,202],{"class":84},[66,11933,94],{"class":80},[66,11935,323],{"class":117},[66,11937,105],{"class":80},[66,11939,211],{"class":84},[66,11941,360],{"class":88},[66,11943,202],{"class":84},[66,11945,94],{"class":80},[66,11947,211],{"class":84},[66,11949,11824],{"class":88},[66,11951,202],{"class":84},[66,11953,121],{"class":80},[66,11955,11956,11959,11961],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,11957,11958],{"class":72},"After",[66,11960,94],{"class":80},[66,11962,10126],{"class":80},[20,11964,11965],{},"What happens here:",[30,11967,11968,11973,11979],{},[33,11969,11970,11972],{},[15,11971,11863],{}," starts with three items",[33,11974,11975,11978],{},[15,11976,11977],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11980,11981],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[52,11983,250,11985,2108],{"id":11984},"what-clear-returns",[15,11986,11604],{},[20,11988,11989,2695,11991,50],{},[15,11990,11604],{},[15,11992,4071],{},[20,11994,11995],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[57,11997,11999],{"className":59,"code":11998,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12000,12001,12035,12039,12054,12058,12068],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12002,12003,12006,12008,12010,12012,12014,12016,12018,12020,12022,12024,12027,12029,12031,12033],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12004,12005],{"class":72},"my_dict ",[66,12007,77],{"class":76},[66,12009,81],{"class":80},[66,12011,85],{"class":84},[66,12013,2471],{"class":88},[66,12015,85],{"class":84},[66,12017,94],{"class":80},[66,12019,1896],{"class":117},[66,12021,105],{"class":80},[66,12023,97],{"class":84},[66,12025,12026],{"class":88},"y",[66,12028,85],{"class":84},[66,12030,94],{"class":80},[66,12032,1719],{"class":117},[66,12034,121],{"class":80},[66,12036,12037],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12038,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12040,12041,12043,12045,12048,12050,12052],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12042,877],{"class":72},[66,12044,77],{"class":76},[66,12046,12047],{"class":72}," my_dict",[66,12049,50],{"class":80},[66,12051,11665],{"class":137},[66,12053,141],{"class":80},[66,12055,12056],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,12057,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12059,12060,12062,12064,12066],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,12061,155],{"class":154},[66,12063,158],{"class":80},[66,12065,901],{"class":137},[66,12067,163],{"class":80},[66,12069,12070,12072,12074,12076],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,12071,155],{"class":154},[66,12073,158],{"class":80},[66,12075,672],{"class":137},[66,12077,163],{"class":80},[20,12079,187],{},[57,12081,12083],{"className":59,"code":12082,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n{}\n",[15,12084,12085,12090],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12086,12087],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12088,12089],{"class":4146},"None\n",[66,12091,12092],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12093,9722],{"class":80},[1430,12095,12097],{"id":12096},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12099,12100,12101,12103],{},"Do ",[185,12102,4926],{}," do this:",[57,12105,12107],{"className":59,"code":12106,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12108,12109,12141,12155,12159],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12110,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121,12123,12125,12127,12129,12131,12133,12135,12137,12139],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12112,12005],{"class":72},[66,12114,77],{"class":76},[66,12116,81],{"class":80},[66,12118,85],{"class":84},[66,12120,2471],{"class":88},[66,12122,85],{"class":84},[66,12124,94],{"class":80},[66,12126,1896],{"class":117},[66,12128,105],{"class":80},[66,12130,97],{"class":84},[66,12132,12026],{"class":88},[66,12134,85],{"class":84},[66,12136,94],{"class":80},[66,12138,1719],{"class":117},[66,12140,121],{"class":80},[66,12142,12143,12145,12147,12149,12151,12153],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12144,12005],{"class":72},[66,12146,77],{"class":76},[66,12148,12047],{"class":72},[66,12150,50],{"class":80},[66,12152,11665],{"class":137},[66,12154,141],{"class":80},[66,12156,12157],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12158,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12160,12161,12163,12165,12167],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,12162,155],{"class":154},[66,12164,158],{"class":80},[66,12166,672],{"class":137},[66,12168,163],{"class":80},[20,12170,187],{},[57,12172,12173],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,12174,12175],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12176,12177],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12178,12089],{"class":4146},[20,12180,12181],{},"Why this happens:",[30,12183,12184,12190,12195],{},[33,12185,12186,12189],{},[15,12187,12188],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,12191,12192,12193],{},"The method returns ",[15,12194,4071],{},[33,12196,12197,12198,12201,12202,12204],{},"Then ",[15,12199,12200],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12203,4071],{}," in the variable",[20,12206,12207,12208,12210],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12209,11604],{}," by itself:",[57,12212,12214],{"className":59,"code":12213,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12215,12216,12248,12258,12262],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12217,12218,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230,12232,12234,12236,12238,12240,12242,12244,12246],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12219,12005],{"class":72},[66,12221,77],{"class":76},[66,12223,81],{"class":80},[66,12225,85],{"class":84},[66,12227,2471],{"class":88},[66,12229,85],{"class":84},[66,12231,94],{"class":80},[66,12233,1896],{"class":117},[66,12235,105],{"class":80},[66,12237,97],{"class":84},[66,12239,12026],{"class":88},[66,12241,85],{"class":84},[66,12243,94],{"class":80},[66,12245,1719],{"class":117},[66,12247,121],{"class":80},[66,12249,12250,12252,12254,12256],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12251,672],{"class":72},[66,12253,50],{"class":80},[66,12255,11665],{"class":137},[66,12257,141],{"class":80},[66,12259,12260],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12261,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12263,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,12265,155],{"class":154},[66,12267,158],{"class":80},[66,12269,672],{"class":137},[66,12271,3954],{"class":80},[66,12273,11680],{"class":1945},[52,12275,12277,12279],{"id":12276},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12278,11604],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12281,12282],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[57,12284,12285],{"className":59,"code":11725,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,12286,12287],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12288,12289,12291,12293,12295],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12290,672],{"class":72},[66,12292,50],{"class":80},[66,12294,11665],{"class":137},[66,12296,141],{"class":80},[57,12298,12300],{"className":59,"code":12299,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12301,12302],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12303,12304,12306,12308],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12305,12005],{"class":72},[66,12307,77],{"class":76},[66,12309,10126],{"class":80},[1430,12311,12312],{"id":11665},[15,12313,11604],{},[30,12315,12316,12319,12322],{},[33,12317,12318],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,12320,12321],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,12323,12324],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1430,12326,12327],{"id":672},[15,12328,12329],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,12331,12332,12335,12338],{},[33,12333,12334],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,12336,12337],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,12339,12340],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12342,12343,12344,50],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[652,12345,12347],{"href":12346},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[52,12349,12351],{"id":12350},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12353,12354,12355,12357],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12356,11604],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[57,12359,12361],{"className":59,"code":12360,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12362,12363,12396,12406,12410,12421,12425,12445,12465],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12364,12365,12368,12370,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384,12386,12388,12390,12392,12394],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12366,12367],{"class":72},"original ",[66,12369,77],{"class":76},[66,12371,81],{"class":80},[66,12373,85],{"class":84},[66,12375,652],{"class":88},[66,12377,85],{"class":84},[66,12379,94],{"class":80},[66,12381,1896],{"class":117},[66,12383,105],{"class":80},[66,12385,97],{"class":84},[66,12387,1903],{"class":88},[66,12389,85],{"class":84},[66,12391,94],{"class":80},[66,12393,1719],{"class":117},[66,12395,121],{"class":80},[66,12397,12398,12401,12403],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12399,12400],{"class":72},"other_ref ",[66,12402,77],{"class":76},[66,12404,12405],{"class":72}," original\n",[66,12407,12408],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12409,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12411,12412,12415,12417,12419],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,12413,12414],{"class":72},"original",[66,12416,50],{"class":80},[66,12418,11665],{"class":137},[66,12420,141],{"class":80},[66,12422,12423],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,12424,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12426,12427,12429,12431,12433,12436,12438,12440,12443],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,12428,155],{"class":154},[66,12430,158],{"class":80},[66,12432,85],{"class":84},[66,12434,12435],{"class":88},"original:",[66,12437,85],{"class":84},[66,12439,105],{"class":80},[66,12441,12442],{"class":137}," original",[66,12444,163],{"class":80},[66,12446,12447,12449,12451,12453,12456,12458,12460,12463],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,12448,155],{"class":154},[66,12450,158],{"class":80},[66,12452,85],{"class":84},[66,12454,12455],{"class":88},"other_ref:",[66,12457,85],{"class":84},[66,12459,105],{"class":80},[66,12461,12462],{"class":137}," other_ref",[66,12464,163],{"class":80},[66,12466,12467,12469,12471,12473,12476,12478],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,12468,155],{"class":154},[66,12470,158],{"class":80},[66,12472,12367],{"class":137},[66,12474,12475],{"class":1060},"is",[66,12477,12462],{"class":137},[66,12479,163],{"class":80},[20,12481,187],{},[57,12483,12485],{"className":59,"code":12484,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12486,12487,12495,12504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12488,12489,12491,12493],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12490,12414],{"class":72},[66,12492,94],{"class":80},[66,12494,10126],{"class":80},[66,12496,12497,12500,12502],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12498,12499],{"class":72},"other_ref",[66,12501,94],{"class":80},[66,12503,10126],{"class":80},[66,12505,12506],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12507,4272],{"class":4146},[20,12509,12510],{},"This shows:",[30,12512,12513,12520,12525],{},[33,12514,12515,4688,12517,12519],{},[15,12516,12414],{},[15,12518,12499],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,12521,12522,12524],{},[15,12523,11604],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,12526,12527],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12529,12530],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[57,12532,12534],{"className":59,"code":12533,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12535,12536,12568,12576,12580,12588,12592,12610,12628],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12537,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558,12560,12562,12564,12566],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12539,12367],{"class":72},[66,12541,77],{"class":76},[66,12543,81],{"class":80},[66,12545,85],{"class":84},[66,12547,652],{"class":88},[66,12549,85],{"class":84},[66,12551,94],{"class":80},[66,12553,1896],{"class":117},[66,12555,105],{"class":80},[66,12557,97],{"class":84},[66,12559,1903],{"class":88},[66,12561,85],{"class":84},[66,12563,94],{"class":80},[66,12565,1719],{"class":117},[66,12567,121],{"class":80},[66,12569,12570,12572,12574],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12571,12400],{"class":72},[66,12573,77],{"class":76},[66,12575,12405],{"class":72},[66,12577,12578],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12579,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12581,12582,12584,12586],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,12583,12367],{"class":72},[66,12585,77],{"class":76},[66,12587,10126],{"class":80},[66,12589,12590],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,12591,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12593,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,12595,155],{"class":154},[66,12597,158],{"class":80},[66,12599,85],{"class":84},[66,12601,12435],{"class":88},[66,12603,85],{"class":84},[66,12605,105],{"class":80},[66,12607,12442],{"class":137},[66,12609,163],{"class":80},[66,12611,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12624,12626],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,12613,155],{"class":154},[66,12615,158],{"class":80},[66,12617,85],{"class":84},[66,12619,12455],{"class":88},[66,12621,85],{"class":84},[66,12623,105],{"class":80},[66,12625,12462],{"class":137},[66,12627,163],{"class":80},[66,12629,12630,12632,12634,12636,12638,12640],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,12631,155],{"class":154},[66,12633,158],{"class":80},[66,12635,12367],{"class":137},[66,12637,12475],{"class":1060},[66,12639,12462],{"class":137},[66,12641,163],{"class":80},[20,12643,187],{},[57,12645,12647],{"className":59,"code":12646,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12648,12649,12657,12689],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12650,12651,12653,12655],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12652,12414],{"class":72},[66,12654,94],{"class":80},[66,12656,10126],{"class":80},[66,12658,12659,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669,12671,12673,12675,12677,12679,12681,12683,12685,12687],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12660,12499],{"class":72},[66,12662,94],{"class":80},[66,12664,81],{"class":80},[66,12666,202],{"class":84},[66,12668,652],{"class":88},[66,12670,202],{"class":84},[66,12672,94],{"class":80},[66,12674,1896],{"class":117},[66,12676,105],{"class":80},[66,12678,211],{"class":84},[66,12680,1903],{"class":88},[66,12682,202],{"class":84},[66,12684,94],{"class":80},[66,12686,1719],{"class":117},[66,12688,121],{"class":80},[66,12690,12691],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12692,4333],{"class":4146},[20,12694,2476],{},[30,12696,12697,12703],{},[33,12698,12699,12702],{},[15,12700,12701],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12704,12705,12707],{},[15,12706,12499],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12709,12710,12711,50],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[652,12712,12714],{"href":12713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12715,12716],{},"dict.copy()",[52,12718,1154,12720],{"id":12719},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12721,11604],{},[20,12723,12724,12726],{},[15,12725,11604],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12728,12729,12732,12735],{},[33,12730,12731],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12733,12734],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12736,12737],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12739,281],{},[57,12741,12743],{"className":59,"code":12742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12744,12745,12754,12770,12790,12803,12807,12811,12816,12827,12831],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12746,12747,12750,12752],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12748,12749],{"class":72},"session_data ",[66,12751,77],{"class":76},[66,12753,11774],{"class":80},[66,12755,12756,12758,12761,12763,12765,12768],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12757,11779],{"class":84},[66,12759,12760],{"class":88},"user_id",[66,12762,85],{"class":84},[66,12764,94],{"class":80},[66,12766,12767],{"class":117}," 101",[66,12769,11795],{"class":80},[66,12771,12772,12774,12777,12779,12781,12783,12786,12788],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12773,11779],{"class":84},[66,12775,12776],{"class":88},"theme",[66,12778,85],{"class":84},[66,12780,94],{"class":80},[66,12782,97],{"class":84},[66,12784,12785],{"class":88},"dark",[66,12787,85],{"class":84},[66,12789,11795],{"class":80},[66,12791,12792,12794,12797,12799,12801],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,12793,11779],{"class":84},[66,12795,12796],{"class":88},"logged_in",[66,12798,85],{"class":84},[66,12800,94],{"class":80},[66,12802,6715],{"class":4146},[66,12804,12805],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,12806,121],{"class":80},[66,12808,12809],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,12810,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12812,12813],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,12814,12815],{"class":1945},"# Reset for a new session\n",[66,12817,12818,12821,12823,12825],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,12819,12820],{"class":72},"session_data",[66,12822,50],{"class":80},[66,12824,11665],{"class":137},[66,12826,141],{"class":80},[66,12828,12829],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,12830,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,12832,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841],{"class":68,"line":6729},[66,12834,155],{"class":154},[66,12836,158],{"class":80},[66,12838,12820],{"class":137},[66,12840,3954],{"class":80},[66,12842,11680],{"class":1945},[20,12844,12845,12846,12852,12853,50,12857,12859,12860,50],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[652,12847,12849],{"href":12848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12850,12851],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[652,12854,12856],{"href":12855},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10134,12858],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[652,12861,12863],{"href":12862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12864,12865],{},"dict.popitem()",[52,12867,1838],{"id":1837},[20,12869,11031,12870,94],{},[15,12871,11604],{},[30,12873,12874,12880,12885,12888],{},[33,12875,12876,12877,12879],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12878,11604],{}," to a variable",[33,12881,1433,12882,12884],{},[15,12883,11604],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12886,12887],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12889,12890],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12892,12893],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[57,12895,12897],{"className":59,"code":12896,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12898,12899,12909,12923,12938],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,12900,12901,12903,12905,12907],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,12902,155],{"class":154},[66,12904,158],{"class":80},[66,12906,672],{"class":137},[66,12908,163],{"class":80},[66,12910,12911,12913,12915,12917,12919,12921],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,12912,155],{"class":154},[66,12914,158],{"class":80},[66,12916,912],{"class":173},[66,12918,158],{"class":80},[66,12920,672],{"class":137},[66,12922,181],{"class":80},[66,12924,12925,12927,12929,12932,12934,12936],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,12926,155],{"class":154},[66,12928,158],{"class":80},[66,12930,12931],{"class":154},"id",[66,12933,158],{"class":80},[66,12935,672],{"class":137},[66,12937,181],{"class":80},[66,12939,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,12941,155],{"class":154},[66,12943,158],{"class":80},[66,12945,12400],{"class":137},[66,12947,12475],{"class":1060},[66,12949,12047],{"class":137},[66,12951,163],{"class":80},[20,12953,12954],{},"What these show:",[30,12956,12957,12963,12969,12975],{},[33,12958,12959,12962],{},[15,12960,12961],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12964,12965,12968],{},[15,12966,12967],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12970,12971,12974],{},[15,12972,12973],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12976,12977,12980],{},[15,12978,12979],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[52,12982,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,12984,12986,12987,12989],{"id":12985},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12988,11604],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12991,12992],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1430,12994,5438,12996,12998],{"id":12995},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12997,11609],{}," return?",[20,13000,5443,13001,50],{},[15,13002,4071],{},[1430,13004,5475,13006,4688,13008,2151],{"id":13005},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13007,11604],{},[15,13009,4085],{},[20,13011,13012,13014,13015,13017],{},[15,13013,11604],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13016,4085],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1430,13019,12986,13021,13023],{"id":13020},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13022,11604],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13025,13026],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[52,13028,2183],{"id":2182},[30,13030,13031,13035,13039,13046,13053,13060,13065],{},[33,13032,13033],{},[652,13034,9448],{"href":9447},[33,13036,13037],{},[652,13038,11526],{"href":654},[33,13040,13041],{},[652,13042,974,13043,978],{"href":12848},[15,13044,13045],{},"pop()",[33,13047,13048],{},[652,13049,974,13050,978],{"href":12862},[15,13051,13052],{},"popitem()",[33,13054,13055],{},[652,13056,974,13057,978],{"href":12713},[15,13058,13059],{},"copy()",[33,13061,13062],{},[652,13063,13064],{"href":12346},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,13066,13067],{},[652,13068,13069],{"href":12855},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2222,13071,13072],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":13074},[13075,13076,13078,13079,13080,13084,13089,13090,13092,13093,13103],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":11688,"depth":124,"text":13077},"What clear() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":11984,"depth":124,"text":13081,"children":13082},"What clear() returns",[13083],{"id":12096,"depth":144,"text":12097},{"id":12276,"depth":124,"text":13085,"children":13086},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13087,13088],{"id":11665,"depth":144,"text":11604},{"id":672,"depth":144,"text":12329},{"id":12350,"depth":124,"text":12351},{"id":12719,"depth":124,"text":13091},"When to use clear()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":13094},[13095,13097,13099,13101],{"id":12985,"depth":144,"text":13096},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12995,"depth":144,"text":13098},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13005,"depth":144,"text":13100},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13020,"depth":144,"text":13102},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11596,"description":13104},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13111,"title":13112,"body":13113,"description":15271,"extension":2260,"meta":15272,"navigation":147,"path":15273,"seo":15274,"stem":15275,"__hash__":15276},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13114,"toc":15243},[13115,13120,13125,13135,13137,13223,13227,13268,13273,13280,13298,13307,13309,13330,13333,13345,13347,13426,13430,13471,13473,13476,13600,13604,13684,13687,13705,13708,13712,13718,13720,13731,13733,13927,13931,14037,14040,14058,14061,14068,14073,14077,14091,14093,14220,14224,14304,14317,14323,14326,14334,14338,14464,14468,14542,14547,14678,14682,14756,14759,14773,14777,14781,14795,14797,14932,14936,15005,15007,15012,15034,15037,15143,15146,15157,15164,15166,15172,15175,15181,15184,15191,15199,15203,15206,15208,15240],[10,13116,13,13118,18],{"id":13117},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13119,13059],{},[20,13121,13122,13124],{},[15,13123,12716],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13126,13127,13128,13130,13131,13134],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13129,13059],{}," makes a ",[185,13132,13133],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[52,13136,55],{"id":54},[57,13138,13140],{"className":59,"code":13139,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13141,13142,13178,13194,13198,13209],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13143,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152,13154,13156,13158,13160,13162,13164,13166,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13145,73],{"class":72},[66,13147,77],{"class":76},[66,13149,81],{"class":80},[66,13151,85],{"class":84},[66,13153,89],{"class":88},[66,13155,85],{"class":84},[66,13157,94],{"class":80},[66,13159,97],{"class":84},[66,13161,100],{"class":88},[66,13163,85],{"class":84},[66,13165,105],{"class":80},[66,13167,97],{"class":84},[66,13169,110],{"class":88},[66,13171,85],{"class":84},[66,13173,94],{"class":80},[66,13175,118],{"class":117},[66,13177,121],{"class":80},[66,13179,13180,13183,13185,13187,13189,13192],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,13181,13182],{"class":72},"student_copy ",[66,13184,77],{"class":76},[66,13186,132],{"class":72},[66,13188,50],{"class":80},[66,13190,13191],{"class":137},"copy",[66,13193,141],{"class":80},[66,13195,13196],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,13197,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,13199,13200,13202,13204,13207],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,13201,155],{"class":154},[66,13203,158],{"class":80},[66,13205,13206],{"class":137},"student_copy",[66,13208,163],{"class":80},[66,13210,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,13212,155],{"class":154},[66,13214,158],{"class":80},[66,13216,13182],{"class":137},[66,13218,12475],{"class":1060},[66,13220,132],{"class":137},[66,13222,163],{"class":80},[20,13224,13225],{},[185,13226,187],{},[57,13228,13230],{"className":59,"code":13229,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13231,13232,13264],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13233,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13235,9569],{"class":80},[66,13237,202],{"class":84},[66,13239,89],{"class":88},[66,13241,202],{"class":84},[66,13243,94],{"class":80},[66,13245,211],{"class":84},[66,13247,100],{"class":88},[66,13249,202],{"class":84},[66,13251,105],{"class":80},[66,13253,211],{"class":84},[66,13255,110],{"class":88},[66,13257,202],{"class":84},[66,13259,94],{"class":80},[66,13261,118],{"class":117},[66,13263,121],{"class":80},[66,13265,13266],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,13267,4333],{"class":4146},[20,13269,243,13270,13272],{},[15,13271,13059],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[52,13274,13276,13277,13279],{"id":13275},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13278,13059],{}," method does",[30,13281,13282,13287,13290,13295],{},[33,13283,13284,13286],{},[15,13285,12716],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,13288,13289],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,13291,13292,13293],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13294,13059],{},[33,13296,13297],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13299,13300,13301,3176,13304,50],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[652,13302,9448],{"href":13303},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[652,13305,9679],{"href":13306},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[52,13308,2455],{"id":2454},[57,13310,13312],{"className":59,"code":13311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13313,13314],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13315,13316,13319,13321,13324,13326,13328],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13317,13318],{"class":72},"new_dict ",[66,13320,77],{"class":76},[66,13322,13323],{"class":72}," old_dict",[66,13325,50],{"class":80},[66,13327,13191],{"class":137},[66,13329,141],{"class":80},[20,13331,13332],{},"Key points:",[30,13334,13335,13339,13342],{},[33,13336,13337,11746],{},[15,13338,13059],{},[33,13340,13341],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,13343,13344],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13346,281],{},[57,13348,13350],{"className":59,"code":13349,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13351,13352,13395,13411,13415],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13353,13354,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13391,13393],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13355,13356],{"class":72},"colors ",[66,13358,77],{"class":76},[66,13360,81],{"class":80},[66,13362,85],{"class":84},[66,13364,652],{"class":88},[66,13366,85],{"class":84},[66,13368,94],{"class":80},[66,13370,97],{"class":84},[66,13372,13373],{"class":88},"red",[66,13375,85],{"class":84},[66,13377,105],{"class":80},[66,13379,97],{"class":84},[66,13381,1903],{"class":88},[66,13383,85],{"class":84},[66,13385,94],{"class":80},[66,13387,97],{"class":84},[66,13389,13390],{"class":88},"blue",[66,13392,85],{"class":84},[66,13394,121],{"class":80},[66,13396,13397,13400,13402,13405,13407,13409],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,13398,13399],{"class":72},"new_colors ",[66,13401,77],{"class":76},[66,13403,13404],{"class":72}," colors",[66,13406,50],{"class":80},[66,13408,13191],{"class":137},[66,13410,141],{"class":80},[66,13412,13413],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,13414,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,13416,13417,13419,13421,13424],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,13418,155],{"class":154},[66,13420,158],{"class":80},[66,13422,13423],{"class":137},"new_colors",[66,13425,163],{"class":80},[20,13427,13428],{},[185,13429,187],{},[57,13431,13433],{"className":59,"code":13432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13434,13435],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13436,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13438,9569],{"class":80},[66,13440,202],{"class":84},[66,13442,652],{"class":88},[66,13444,202],{"class":84},[66,13446,94],{"class":80},[66,13448,211],{"class":84},[66,13450,13373],{"class":88},[66,13452,202],{"class":84},[66,13454,105],{"class":80},[66,13456,211],{"class":84},[66,13458,1903],{"class":88},[66,13460,202],{"class":84},[66,13462,94],{"class":80},[66,13464,211],{"class":84},[66,13466,13390],{"class":88},[66,13468,202],{"class":84},[66,13470,121],{"class":80},[52,13472,11756],{"id":11755},[20,13474,13475],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[57,13477,13479],{"className":59,"code":13478,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13480,13481,13517,13533,13537,13557,13561,13580],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13482,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13484,291],{"class":72},[66,13486,77],{"class":76},[66,13488,81],{"class":80},[66,13490,85],{"class":84},[66,13492,89],{"class":88},[66,13494,85],{"class":84},[66,13496,94],{"class":80},[66,13498,97],{"class":84},[66,13500,308],{"class":88},[66,13502,85],{"class":84},[66,13504,105],{"class":80},[66,13506,97],{"class":84},[66,13508,110],{"class":88},[66,13510,85],{"class":84},[66,13512,94],{"class":80},[66,13514,323],{"class":117},[66,13516,121],{"class":80},[66,13518,13519,13522,13524,13527,13529,13531],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,13520,13521],{"class":72},"person_copy ",[66,13523,77],{"class":76},[66,13525,13526],{"class":72}," person",[66,13528,50],{"class":80},[66,13530,13191],{"class":137},[66,13532,141],{"class":80},[66,13534,13535],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,13536,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,13538,13539,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,13540,13541],{"class":72},"person_copy",[66,13543,223],{"class":80},[66,13545,85],{"class":84},[66,13547,110],{"class":88},[66,13549,85],{"class":84},[66,13551,365],{"class":80},[66,13553,368],{"class":76},[66,13555,13556],{"class":117}," 26\n",[66,13558,13559],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,13560,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,13562,13563,13565,13567,13569,13572,13574,13576,13578],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,13564,155],{"class":154},[66,13566,158],{"class":80},[66,13568,85],{"class":84},[66,13570,13571],{"class":88},"Original:",[66,13573,85],{"class":84},[66,13575,105],{"class":80},[66,13577,13526],{"class":137},[66,13579,163],{"class":80},[66,13581,13582,13584,13586,13588,13591,13593,13595,13598],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,13583,155],{"class":154},[66,13585,158],{"class":80},[66,13587,85],{"class":84},[66,13589,13590],{"class":88},"Copy:",[66,13592,85],{"class":84},[66,13594,105],{"class":80},[66,13596,13597],{"class":137}," person_copy",[66,13599,163],{"class":80},[20,13601,13602],{},[185,13603,187],{},[57,13605,13607],{"className":59,"code":13606,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13608,13609,13646],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13610,13611,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13612,13613],{"class":72},"Original",[66,13615,94],{"class":80},[66,13617,81],{"class":80},[66,13619,202],{"class":84},[66,13621,89],{"class":88},[66,13623,202],{"class":84},[66,13625,94],{"class":80},[66,13627,211],{"class":84},[66,13629,308],{"class":88},[66,13631,202],{"class":84},[66,13633,105],{"class":80},[66,13635,211],{"class":84},[66,13637,110],{"class":88},[66,13639,202],{"class":84},[66,13641,94],{"class":80},[66,13643,323],{"class":117},[66,13645,121],{"class":80},[66,13647,13648,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13682],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,13649,13650],{"class":72},"Copy",[66,13652,94],{"class":80},[66,13654,81],{"class":80},[66,13656,202],{"class":84},[66,13658,89],{"class":88},[66,13660,202],{"class":84},[66,13662,94],{"class":80},[66,13664,211],{"class":84},[66,13666,308],{"class":88},[66,13668,202],{"class":84},[66,13670,105],{"class":80},[66,13672,211],{"class":84},[66,13674,110],{"class":88},[66,13676,202],{"class":84},[66,13678,94],{"class":80},[66,13680,13681],{"class":117}," 26",[66,13683,121],{"class":80},[20,13685,13686],{},"What happened here:",[30,13688,13689,13695,13702],{},[33,13690,13691,13694],{},[15,13692,13693],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13696,13697,13698,13701],{},"Changing ",[15,13699,13700],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13703,13704],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13706,13707],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[52,13709,13711],{"id":13710},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13713,13714,13130,13716,50],{},[15,13715,13059],{},[185,13717,13133],{},[20,13719,2404],{},[30,13721,13722,13725,13728],{},[33,13723,13724],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13726,13727],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13729,13730],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13732,281],{},[57,13734,13736],{"className":59,"code":13735,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13737,13738,13746,13764,13787,13791,13795,13809,13813,13838,13842,13860,13879,13894],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13739,13740,13742,13744],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13741,73],{"class":72},[66,13743,77],{"class":76},[66,13745,11774],{"class":80},[66,13747,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,13749,11779],{"class":84},[66,13751,89],{"class":88},[66,13753,85],{"class":84},[66,13755,94],{"class":80},[66,13757,97],{"class":84},[66,13759,100],{"class":88},[66,13761,85],{"class":84},[66,13763,11795],{"class":80},[66,13765,13766,13768,13771,13773,13775,13777,13780,13782,13785],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,13767,11779],{"class":84},[66,13769,13770],{"class":88},"grades",[66,13772,85],{"class":84},[66,13774,94],{"class":80},[66,13776,1711],{"class":80},[66,13778,13779],{"class":117},"90",[66,13781,105],{"class":80},[66,13783,13784],{"class":117}," 85",[66,13786,240],{"class":80},[66,13788,13789],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,13790,121],{"class":80},[66,13792,13793],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,13794,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,13796,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,13798,13182],{"class":72},[66,13800,77],{"class":76},[66,13802,132],{"class":72},[66,13804,50],{"class":80},[66,13806,13191],{"class":137},[66,13808,141],{"class":80},[66,13810,13811],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,13812,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,13814,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13828,13831,13833,13836],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,13816,13206],{"class":72},[66,13818,223],{"class":80},[66,13820,85],{"class":84},[66,13822,13770],{"class":88},[66,13824,85],{"class":84},[66,13826,13827],{"class":80},"].",[66,13829,13830],{"class":137},"append",[66,13832,158],{"class":80},[66,13834,13835],{"class":117},"100",[66,13837,163],{"class":80},[66,13839,13840],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,13841,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,13843,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858],{"class":68,"line":6729},[66,13845,155],{"class":154},[66,13847,158],{"class":80},[66,13849,85],{"class":84},[66,13851,13571],{"class":88},[66,13853,85],{"class":84},[66,13855,105],{"class":80},[66,13857,132],{"class":137},[66,13859,163],{"class":80},[66,13861,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13877],{"class":68,"line":11876},[66,13863,155],{"class":154},[66,13865,158],{"class":80},[66,13867,85],{"class":84},[66,13869,13590],{"class":88},[66,13871,85],{"class":84},[66,13873,105],{"class":80},[66,13875,13876],{"class":137}," student_copy",[66,13878,163],{"class":80},[66,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892],{"class":68,"line":13881},12,[66,13883,155],{"class":154},[66,13885,158],{"class":80},[66,13887,73],{"class":137},[66,13889,12475],{"class":1060},[66,13891,13876],{"class":137},[66,13893,163],{"class":80},[66,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925],{"class":68,"line":13896},13,[66,13898,155],{"class":154},[66,13900,158],{"class":80},[66,13902,733],{"class":137},[66,13904,223],{"class":80},[66,13906,85],{"class":84},[66,13908,13770],{"class":88},[66,13910,85],{"class":84},[66,13912,365],{"class":80},[66,13914,8389],{"class":1060},[66,13916,13876],{"class":137},[66,13918,223],{"class":80},[66,13920,85],{"class":84},[66,13922,13770],{"class":88},[66,13924,85],{"class":84},[66,13926,218],{"class":80},[20,13928,13929],{},[185,13930,187],{},[57,13932,13934],{"className":59,"code":13933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13935,13936,13983,14029,14033],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,13937,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,13939,13613],{"class":72},[66,13941,94],{"class":80},[66,13943,81],{"class":80},[66,13945,202],{"class":84},[66,13947,89],{"class":88},[66,13949,202],{"class":84},[66,13951,94],{"class":80},[66,13953,211],{"class":84},[66,13955,100],{"class":88},[66,13957,202],{"class":84},[66,13959,105],{"class":80},[66,13961,211],{"class":84},[66,13963,13770],{"class":88},[66,13965,202],{"class":84},[66,13967,94],{"class":80},[66,13969,1711],{"class":80},[66,13971,13779],{"class":117},[66,13973,105],{"class":80},[66,13975,13784],{"class":117},[66,13977,105],{"class":80},[66,13979,10406],{"class":117},[66,13981,13982],{"class":80},"]}\n",[66,13984,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,13986,13650],{"class":72},[66,13988,94],{"class":80},[66,13990,81],{"class":80},[66,13992,202],{"class":84},[66,13994,89],{"class":88},[66,13996,202],{"class":84},[66,13998,94],{"class":80},[66,14000,211],{"class":84},[66,14002,100],{"class":88},[66,14004,202],{"class":84},[66,14006,105],{"class":80},[66,14008,211],{"class":84},[66,14010,13770],{"class":88},[66,14012,202],{"class":84},[66,14014,94],{"class":80},[66,14016,1711],{"class":80},[66,14018,13779],{"class":117},[66,14020,105],{"class":80},[66,14022,13784],{"class":117},[66,14024,105],{"class":80},[66,14026,10406],{"class":117},[66,14028,13982],{"class":80},[66,14030,14031],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,14032,4333],{"class":4146},[66,14034,14035],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,14036,4272],{"class":4146},[20,14038,14039],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,14041,14042,14050],{},[33,14043,14044,5079,14047,14049],{},[15,14045,14046],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14048,3967],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,14051,14052,5079,14055,14057],{},[15,14053,14054],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14056,1386],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14059,14060],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14062,14063,14064,50],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[652,14065,14067],{"href":14066},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[52,14069,1154,14071],{"id":14070},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14072,13059],{},[20,14074,243,14075,1161],{},[15,14076,13059],{},[30,14078,14079,14082,14085,14088],{},[33,14080,14081],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,14083,14084],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,14086,14087],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,14089,14090],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14092,281],{},[57,14094,14096],{"className":59,"code":14095,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14097,14098,14137,14153,14157,14177,14181,14200],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14099,14100,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14128,14130,14132,14135],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14101,14102],{"class":72},"settings ",[66,14104,77],{"class":76},[66,14106,81],{"class":80},[66,14108,85],{"class":84},[66,14110,12776],{"class":88},[66,14112,85],{"class":84},[66,14114,94],{"class":80},[66,14116,97],{"class":84},[66,14118,12785],{"class":88},[66,14120,85],{"class":84},[66,14122,105],{"class":80},[66,14124,97],{"class":84},[66,14126,14127],{"class":88},"font_size",[66,14129,85],{"class":84},[66,14131,94],{"class":80},[66,14133,14134],{"class":117}," 14",[66,14136,121],{"class":80},[66,14138,14139,14142,14144,14147,14149,14151],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,14140,14141],{"class":72},"settings_backup ",[66,14143,77],{"class":76},[66,14145,14146],{"class":72}," settings",[66,14148,50],{"class":80},[66,14150,13191],{"class":137},[66,14152,141],{"class":80},[66,14154,14155],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,14156,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,14158,14159,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,14160,14161],{"class":72},"settings",[66,14163,223],{"class":80},[66,14165,85],{"class":84},[66,14167,14127],{"class":88},[66,14169,85],{"class":84},[66,14171,365],{"class":80},[66,14173,368],{"class":76},[66,14175,14176],{"class":117}," 16\n",[66,14178,14179],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,14180,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,14182,14183,14185,14187,14189,14192,14194,14196,14198],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,14184,155],{"class":154},[66,14186,158],{"class":80},[66,14188,85],{"class":84},[66,14190,14191],{"class":88},"Current:",[66,14193,85],{"class":84},[66,14195,105],{"class":80},[66,14197,14146],{"class":137},[66,14199,163],{"class":80},[66,14201,14202,14204,14206,14208,14211,14213,14215,14218],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,14203,155],{"class":154},[66,14205,158],{"class":80},[66,14207,85],{"class":84},[66,14209,14210],{"class":88},"Backup:",[66,14212,85],{"class":84},[66,14214,105],{"class":80},[66,14216,14217],{"class":137}," settings_backup",[66,14219,163],{"class":80},[20,14221,14222],{},[185,14223,187],{},[57,14225,14227],{"className":59,"code":14226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14228,14229,14267],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14230,14231,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14265],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14232,14233],{"class":72},"Current",[66,14235,94],{"class":80},[66,14237,81],{"class":80},[66,14239,202],{"class":84},[66,14241,12776],{"class":88},[66,14243,202],{"class":84},[66,14245,94],{"class":80},[66,14247,211],{"class":84},[66,14249,12785],{"class":88},[66,14251,202],{"class":84},[66,14253,105],{"class":80},[66,14255,211],{"class":84},[66,14257,14127],{"class":88},[66,14259,202],{"class":84},[66,14261,94],{"class":80},[66,14263,14264],{"class":117}," 16",[66,14266,121],{"class":80},[66,14268,14269,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,14270,14271],{"class":72},"Backup",[66,14273,94],{"class":80},[66,14275,81],{"class":80},[66,14277,202],{"class":84},[66,14279,12776],{"class":88},[66,14281,202],{"class":84},[66,14283,94],{"class":80},[66,14285,211],{"class":84},[66,14287,12785],{"class":88},[66,14289,202],{"class":84},[66,14291,105],{"class":80},[66,14293,211],{"class":84},[66,14295,14127],{"class":88},[66,14297,202],{"class":84},[66,14299,94],{"class":80},[66,14301,14134],{"class":117},[66,14303,121],{"class":80},[20,14305,14306,14307,3176,14313,50],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[652,14308,14310],{"href":14309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14311,14312],{},"dict.update()",[652,14314,14315],{"href":13106},[15,14316,11609],{},[52,14318,14320,14322],{"id":14319},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14321,13059],{}," vs assignment",[20,14324,14325],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14327,1848,14328,14330,14331,14333],{},[15,14329,77],{}," does ",[185,14332,4926],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1430,14335,14337],{"id":14336},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[57,14339,14341],{"className":59,"code":14340,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14342,14343,14375,14384,14388,14408,14412,14430,14450],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14344,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14346,12367],{"class":72},[66,14348,77],{"class":76},[66,14350,81],{"class":80},[66,14352,85],{"class":84},[66,14354,2471],{"class":88},[66,14356,85],{"class":84},[66,14358,94],{"class":80},[66,14360,1896],{"class":117},[66,14362,105],{"class":80},[66,14364,97],{"class":84},[66,14366,12026],{"class":88},[66,14368,85],{"class":84},[66,14370,94],{"class":80},[66,14372,1719],{"class":117},[66,14374,121],{"class":80},[66,14376,14377,14380,14382],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,14378,14379],{"class":72},"assigned ",[66,14381,77],{"class":76},[66,14383,12405],{"class":72},[66,14385,14386],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,14387,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,14389,14390,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,14391,14392],{"class":72},"assigned",[66,14394,223],{"class":80},[66,14396,85],{"class":84},[66,14398,2471],{"class":88},[66,14400,85],{"class":84},[66,14402,365],{"class":80},[66,14404,368],{"class":76},[66,14406,14407],{"class":117}," 99\n",[66,14409,14410],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,14411,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,14413,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,14415,155],{"class":154},[66,14417,158],{"class":80},[66,14419,85],{"class":84},[66,14421,13571],{"class":88},[66,14423,85],{"class":84},[66,14425,105],{"class":80},[66,14427,12442],{"class":137},[66,14429,163],{"class":80},[66,14431,14432,14434,14436,14438,14441,14443,14445,14448],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,14433,155],{"class":154},[66,14435,158],{"class":80},[66,14437,85],{"class":84},[66,14439,14440],{"class":88},"Assigned:",[66,14442,85],{"class":84},[66,14444,105],{"class":80},[66,14446,14447],{"class":137}," assigned",[66,14449,163],{"class":80},[66,14451,14452,14454,14456,14458,14460,14462],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,14453,155],{"class":154},[66,14455,158],{"class":80},[66,14457,12367],{"class":137},[66,14459,12475],{"class":1060},[66,14461,14447],{"class":137},[66,14463,163],{"class":80},[20,14465,14466],{},[185,14467,187],{},[57,14469,14471],{"className":59,"code":14470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14472,14473,14505,14538],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14474,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14476,13613],{"class":72},[66,14478,94],{"class":80},[66,14480,81],{"class":80},[66,14482,202],{"class":84},[66,14484,2471],{"class":88},[66,14486,202],{"class":84},[66,14488,94],{"class":80},[66,14490,10485],{"class":117},[66,14492,105],{"class":80},[66,14494,211],{"class":84},[66,14496,12026],{"class":88},[66,14498,202],{"class":84},[66,14500,94],{"class":80},[66,14502,1719],{"class":117},[66,14504,121],{"class":80},[66,14506,14507,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,14508,14509],{"class":72},"Assigned",[66,14511,94],{"class":80},[66,14513,81],{"class":80},[66,14515,202],{"class":84},[66,14517,2471],{"class":88},[66,14519,202],{"class":84},[66,14521,94],{"class":80},[66,14523,10485],{"class":117},[66,14525,105],{"class":80},[66,14527,211],{"class":84},[66,14529,12026],{"class":88},[66,14531,202],{"class":84},[66,14533,94],{"class":80},[66,14535,1719],{"class":117},[66,14537,121],{"class":80},[66,14539,14540],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,14541,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,14543,1848,14545],{"id":14544},"using-copy",[15,14546,13059],{},[57,14548,14550],{"className":59,"code":14549,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14551,14552,14584,14599,14603,14622,14626,14644,14664],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14553,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14555,12367],{"class":72},[66,14557,77],{"class":76},[66,14559,81],{"class":80},[66,14561,85],{"class":84},[66,14563,2471],{"class":88},[66,14565,85],{"class":84},[66,14567,94],{"class":80},[66,14569,1896],{"class":117},[66,14571,105],{"class":80},[66,14573,97],{"class":84},[66,14575,12026],{"class":88},[66,14577,85],{"class":84},[66,14579,94],{"class":80},[66,14581,1719],{"class":117},[66,14583,121],{"class":80},[66,14585,14586,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,14587,14588],{"class":72},"copied ",[66,14590,77],{"class":76},[66,14592,12442],{"class":72},[66,14594,50],{"class":80},[66,14596,13191],{"class":137},[66,14598,141],{"class":80},[66,14600,14601],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,14602,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,14604,14605,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,14606,14607],{"class":72},"copied",[66,14609,223],{"class":80},[66,14611,85],{"class":84},[66,14613,2471],{"class":88},[66,14615,85],{"class":84},[66,14617,365],{"class":80},[66,14619,368],{"class":76},[66,14621,14407],{"class":117},[66,14623,14624],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,14625,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,14627,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,14629,155],{"class":154},[66,14631,158],{"class":80},[66,14633,85],{"class":84},[66,14635,13571],{"class":88},[66,14637,85],{"class":84},[66,14639,105],{"class":80},[66,14641,12442],{"class":137},[66,14643,163],{"class":80},[66,14645,14646,14648,14650,14652,14655,14657,14659,14662],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,14647,155],{"class":154},[66,14649,158],{"class":80},[66,14651,85],{"class":84},[66,14653,14654],{"class":88},"Copied:",[66,14656,85],{"class":84},[66,14658,105],{"class":80},[66,14660,14661],{"class":137}," copied",[66,14663,163],{"class":80},[66,14665,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,14667,155],{"class":154},[66,14669,158],{"class":80},[66,14671,12367],{"class":137},[66,14673,12475],{"class":1060},[66,14675,14661],{"class":137},[66,14677,163],{"class":80},[20,14679,14680],{},[185,14681,187],{},[57,14683,14685],{"className":59,"code":14684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14686,14687,14719,14752],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14688,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14690,13613],{"class":72},[66,14692,94],{"class":80},[66,14694,81],{"class":80},[66,14696,202],{"class":84},[66,14698,2471],{"class":88},[66,14700,202],{"class":84},[66,14702,94],{"class":80},[66,14704,1896],{"class":117},[66,14706,105],{"class":80},[66,14708,211],{"class":84},[66,14710,12026],{"class":88},[66,14712,202],{"class":84},[66,14714,94],{"class":80},[66,14716,1719],{"class":117},[66,14718,121],{"class":80},[66,14720,14721,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,14722,14723],{"class":72},"Copied",[66,14725,94],{"class":80},[66,14727,81],{"class":80},[66,14729,202],{"class":84},[66,14731,2471],{"class":88},[66,14733,202],{"class":84},[66,14735,94],{"class":80},[66,14737,10485],{"class":117},[66,14739,105],{"class":80},[66,14741,211],{"class":84},[66,14743,12026],{"class":88},[66,14745,202],{"class":84},[66,14747,94],{"class":80},[66,14749,1719],{"class":117},[66,14751,121],{"class":80},[66,14753,14754],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,14755,4333],{"class":4146},[20,14757,14758],{},"Summary:",[30,14760,14761,14767],{},[33,14762,14763,14766],{},[15,14764,14765],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14768,14769,14772],{},[15,14770,14771],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[52,14774,14776],{"id":14775},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14778,14779,94],{},[15,14780,13059],{},[30,14782,14783,14786,14789,14792],{},[33,14784,14785],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14787,14788],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14790,14791],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14793,14794],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14796,281],{},[57,14798,14800],{"className":59,"code":14799,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14801,14802,14834,14849,14853,14871,14891,14895,14913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14803,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14805,472],{"class":72},[66,14807,77],{"class":76},[66,14809,81],{"class":80},[66,14811,85],{"class":84},[66,14813,652],{"class":88},[66,14815,85],{"class":84},[66,14817,94],{"class":80},[66,14819,1896],{"class":117},[66,14821,105],{"class":80},[66,14823,97],{"class":84},[66,14825,1903],{"class":88},[66,14827,85],{"class":84},[66,14829,94],{"class":80},[66,14831,1719],{"class":117},[66,14833,121],{"class":80},[66,14835,14836,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,14837,14838],{"class":72},"data_copy ",[66,14840,77],{"class":76},[66,14842,1920],{"class":72},[66,14844,50],{"class":80},[66,14846,13191],{"class":137},[66,14848,141],{"class":80},[66,14850,14851],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,14852,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,14854,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,14856,535],{"class":72},[66,14858,223],{"class":80},[66,14860,85],{"class":84},[66,14862,652],{"class":88},[66,14864,85],{"class":84},[66,14866,365],{"class":80},[66,14868,368],{"class":76},[66,14870,2886],{"class":117},[66,14872,14873,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,14874,14875],{"class":72},"data_copy",[66,14877,223],{"class":80},[66,14879,85],{"class":84},[66,14881,1903],{"class":88},[66,14883,85],{"class":84},[66,14885,365],{"class":80},[66,14887,368],{"class":76},[66,14889,14890],{"class":117}," 20\n",[66,14892,14893],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,14894,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,14896,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,14898,155],{"class":154},[66,14900,158],{"class":80},[66,14902,85],{"class":84},[66,14904,13571],{"class":88},[66,14906,85],{"class":84},[66,14908,105],{"class":80},[66,14910,1920],{"class":137},[66,14912,163],{"class":80},[66,14914,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927,14930],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,14916,155],{"class":154},[66,14918,158],{"class":80},[66,14920,85],{"class":84},[66,14922,13590],{"class":88},[66,14924,85],{"class":84},[66,14926,105],{"class":80},[66,14928,14929],{"class":137}," data_copy",[66,14931,163],{"class":80},[20,14933,14934],{},[185,14935,187],{},[57,14937,14939],{"className":59,"code":14938,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14940,14941,14973],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,14942,14943,14945,14947,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965,14967,14969,14971],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,14944,13613],{"class":72},[66,14946,94],{"class":80},[66,14948,81],{"class":80},[66,14950,202],{"class":84},[66,14952,652],{"class":88},[66,14954,202],{"class":84},[66,14956,94],{"class":80},[66,14958,6297],{"class":117},[66,14960,105],{"class":80},[66,14962,211],{"class":84},[66,14964,1903],{"class":88},[66,14966,202],{"class":84},[66,14968,94],{"class":80},[66,14970,1719],{"class":117},[66,14972,121],{"class":80},[66,14974,14975,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,14976,13650],{"class":72},[66,14978,94],{"class":80},[66,14980,81],{"class":80},[66,14982,202],{"class":84},[66,14984,652],{"class":88},[66,14986,202],{"class":84},[66,14988,94],{"class":80},[66,14990,1896],{"class":117},[66,14992,105],{"class":80},[66,14994,211],{"class":84},[66,14996,1903],{"class":88},[66,14998,202],{"class":84},[66,15000,94],{"class":80},[66,15002,118],{"class":117},[66,15004,121],{"class":80},[52,15006,1838],{"id":1837},[20,15008,15009,15010,94],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15011,12716],{},[30,15013,15014,15021,15026,15031],{},[33,15015,1848,15016,11376,15018,15020],{},[15,15017,77],{},[15,15019,13059],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,15022,4875,15023,15025],{},[15,15024,13059],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,15027,15028,15029],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15030,13059],{},[33,15032,15033],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15035,15036],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[57,15038,15040],{"className":59,"code":15039,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15041,15042,15052,15062,15076,15099,15121],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15043,15044,15046,15048,15050],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15045,155],{"class":154},[66,15047,158],{"class":80},[66,15049,12414],{"class":137},[66,15051,163],{"class":80},[66,15053,15054,15056,15058,15060],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15055,155],{"class":154},[66,15057,158],{"class":80},[66,15059,14607],{"class":137},[66,15061,163],{"class":80},[66,15063,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,15065,155],{"class":154},[66,15067,158],{"class":80},[66,15069,12367],{"class":137},[66,15071,12475],{"class":1060},[66,15073,14661],{"class":137},[66,15075,163],{"class":80},[66,15077,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15093,15095,15097],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,15079,155],{"class":154},[66,15081,158],{"class":80},[66,15083,12931],{"class":154},[66,15085,158],{"class":80},[66,15087,12414],{"class":137},[66,15089,9524],{"class":80},[66,15091,15092],{"class":154}," id",[66,15094,158],{"class":80},[66,15096,14607],{"class":137},[66,15098,181],{"class":80},[66,15100,15101,15103,15105,15107,15109,15111,15113,15115,15117,15119],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,15102,155],{"class":154},[66,15104,158],{"class":80},[66,15106,12931],{"class":154},[66,15108,158],{"class":80},[66,15110,12414],{"class":137},[66,15112,223],{"class":80},[66,15114,85],{"class":84},[66,15116,1086],{"class":88},[66,15118,85],{"class":84},[66,15120,3296],{"class":80},[66,15122,15123,15125,15127,15129,15131,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,15124,155],{"class":154},[66,15126,158],{"class":80},[66,15128,12931],{"class":154},[66,15130,158],{"class":80},[66,15132,14607],{"class":137},[66,15134,223],{"class":80},[66,15136,85],{"class":84},[66,15138,1086],{"class":88},[66,15140,85],{"class":84},[66,15142,3296],{"class":80},[20,15144,15145],{},"What these help you check:",[30,15147,15148,15151,15154],{},[33,15149,15150],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,15152,15153],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,15155,15156],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15158,15159,15160,50],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[652,15161,15163],{"href":15162},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[52,15165,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,15167,12986,15169,15171],{"id":15168},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15170,12716],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15173,15174],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1430,15176,2131,15178,15180],{"id":15177},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,15179,12716],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15182,15183],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1430,15185,5475,15187,4688,15189,2151],{"id":15186},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15188,13059],{},[15,15190,77],{},[20,15192,15193,15195,15196,15198],{},[15,15194,13059],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15197,77],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1430,15200,15202],{"id":15201},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15204,15205],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[52,15207,2183],{"id":2182},[30,15209,15210,15214,15218,15222,15229,15235],{},[33,15211,15212],{},[652,15213,11526],{"href":13306},[33,15215,15216],{},[652,15217,9448],{"href":13303},[33,15219,15220],{},[652,15221,14067],{"href":14066},[33,15223,15224],{},[652,15225,974,15226,978],{"href":14309},[15,15227,15228],{},"update()",[33,15230,15231],{},[652,15232,974,15233,978],{"href":13106},[15,15234,11604],{},[33,15236,15237],{},[652,15238,15239],{"href":15162},"How to copy a list in Python",[2222,15241,15242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":15244},[15245,15246,15248,15249,15250,15251,15253,15259,15260,15261,15270],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":13275,"depth":124,"text":15247},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":13710,"depth":124,"text":13711},{"id":14070,"depth":124,"text":15252},"When to use copy()",{"id":14319,"depth":124,"text":15254,"children":15255},"copy() vs assignment",[15256,15257],{"id":14336,"depth":144,"text":14337},{"id":14544,"depth":144,"text":15258},"Using copy()",{"id":14775,"depth":124,"text":14776},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":15262},[15263,15265,15267,15269],{"id":15168,"depth":144,"text":15264},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15177,"depth":144,"text":15266},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15186,"depth":144,"text":15268},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15201,"depth":144,"text":15202},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13112,"description":15271},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15278,"title":15279,"body":15280,"description":17468,"extension":2260,"meta":17469,"navigation":147,"path":13306,"seo":17470,"stem":17471,"__hash__":17472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15281,"toc":17430},[15282,15285,15291,15300,15302,15378,15382,15431,15434,15438,15452,15455,15459,15472,15475,15508,15522,15525,15537,15541,15544,15552,15631,15635,15688,15692,15710,15712,15794,15797,15799,15802,15805,15828,15852,15856,15864,15867,15871,15880,15885,15943,15947,15980,15986,15992,15995,16050,16054,16104,16107,16113,16116,16124,16126,16171,16176,16185,16188,16191,16238,16240,16245,16248,16342,16346,16399,16402,16458,16461,16465,16468,16482,16486,16552,16556,16581,16584,16588,16666,16670,16673,16676,16696,16699,16752,16756,16759,16762,16775,16777,16866,16873,16876,16887,16889,16892,16912,16916,16919,16928,16930,16969,16973,16975,16984,16993,16995,17033,17037,17084,17088,17109,17113,17116,17227,17232,17329,17346,17348,17352,17359,17363,17369,17373,17376,17380,17383,17390,17398,17400,17424,17427],[10,15283,15279],{"id":15284},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15286,15287,15288,15290],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[185,15289,9425],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15292,15293,15294,3176,15296,50],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[652,15295,9448],{"href":9447},[652,15297,15299],{"href":15298},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[52,15301,55],{"id":54},[57,15303,15305],{"className":59,"code":15304,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15306,15307,15315,15333,15347,15360,15364,15368],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15308,15309,15311,15313],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15310,73],{"class":72},[66,15312,77],{"class":76},[66,15314,11774],{"class":80},[66,15316,15317,15319,15321,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15318,11779],{"class":84},[66,15320,89],{"class":88},[66,15322,85],{"class":84},[66,15324,94],{"class":80},[66,15326,97],{"class":84},[66,15328,100],{"class":88},[66,15330,85],{"class":84},[66,15332,11795],{"class":80},[66,15334,15335,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,15336,11779],{"class":84},[66,15338,110],{"class":88},[66,15340,85],{"class":84},[66,15342,94],{"class":80},[66,15344,118],{"class":117},[66,15346,11795],{"class":80},[66,15348,15349,15351,15354,15356,15358],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,15350,11779],{"class":84},[66,15352,15353],{"class":88},"is_active",[66,15355,85],{"class":84},[66,15357,94],{"class":80},[66,15359,6715],{"class":4146},[66,15361,15362],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,15363,121],{"class":80},[66,15365,15366],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,15367,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,15369,15370,15372,15374,15376],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,15371,155],{"class":154},[66,15373,158],{"class":80},[66,15375,733],{"class":137},[66,15377,163],{"class":80},[20,15379,15380],{},[185,15381,187],{},[57,15383,15385],{"className":59,"code":15384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15386,15387],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15388,15389,15391,15393,15395,15397,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15390,9569],{"class":80},[66,15392,202],{"class":84},[66,15394,89],{"class":88},[66,15396,202],{"class":84},[66,15398,94],{"class":80},[66,15400,211],{"class":84},[66,15402,100],{"class":88},[66,15404,202],{"class":84},[66,15406,105],{"class":80},[66,15408,211],{"class":84},[66,15410,110],{"class":88},[66,15412,202],{"class":84},[66,15414,94],{"class":80},[66,15416,118],{"class":117},[66,15418,105],{"class":80},[66,15420,211],{"class":84},[66,15422,15353],{"class":88},[66,15424,202],{"class":84},[66,15426,94],{"class":80},[66,15428,4208],{"class":4146},[66,15430,121],{"class":80},[20,15432,15433],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[52,15435,15437],{"id":15436},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,15439,15440,15443,15446,15449],{},[33,15441,15442],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,15444,15445],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,15447,15448],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,15450,15451],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[52,15453,15442],{"id":15454},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15456,9422,15457,50],{},[185,15458,9425],{},[30,15460,15461,15467],{},[33,15462,15463,15464,15466],{},"A ",[185,15465,1086],{}," is the label",[33,15468,15463,15469,15471],{},[185,15470,2771],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15473,15474],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[57,15476,15478],{"className":59,"code":15477,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15479,15480,15488,15504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15481,15482,15484,15486],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15483,73],{"class":72},[66,15485,77],{"class":76},[66,15487,11774],{"class":80},[66,15489,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15491,11779],{"class":84},[66,15493,89],{"class":88},[66,15495,85],{"class":84},[66,15497,94],{"class":80},[66,15499,97],{"class":84},[66,15501,100],{"class":88},[66,15503,376],{"class":84},[66,15505,15506],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,15507,121],{"class":80},[30,15509,15510,15516],{},[33,15511,15512,15515],{},[15,15513,15514],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,15517,15518,15521],{},[15,15519,15520],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15523,15524],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,15526,15527,15529,15531,15534],{},[33,15528,89],{},[33,15530,110],{},[33,15532,15533],{},"email",[33,15535,15536],{},"country",[52,15538,15540],{"id":15539},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15542,15543],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15545,243,15546,15548,15549,50],{},[15,15547,4085],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15550,15551],{},"key: value",[57,15553,15555],{"className":59,"code":15554,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15556,15557,15565,15583,15597,15613,15617,15621],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15558,15559,15561,15563],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15560,73],{"class":72},[66,15562,77],{"class":76},[66,15564,11774],{"class":80},[66,15566,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15568,11779],{"class":84},[66,15570,89],{"class":88},[66,15572,85],{"class":84},[66,15574,94],{"class":80},[66,15576,97],{"class":84},[66,15578,100],{"class":88},[66,15580,85],{"class":84},[66,15582,11795],{"class":80},[66,15584,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,15586,11779],{"class":84},[66,15588,110],{"class":88},[66,15590,85],{"class":84},[66,15592,94],{"class":80},[66,15594,118],{"class":117},[66,15596,11795],{"class":80},[66,15598,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609,15611],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,15600,11779],{"class":84},[66,15602,1038],{"class":88},[66,15604,85],{"class":84},[66,15606,94],{"class":80},[66,15608,97],{"class":84},[66,15610,7590],{"class":88},[66,15612,376],{"class":84},[66,15614,15615],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,15616,121],{"class":80},[66,15618,15619],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,15620,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,15622,15623,15625,15627,15629],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,15624,155],{"class":154},[66,15626,158],{"class":80},[66,15628,733],{"class":137},[66,15630,163],{"class":80},[20,15632,15633],{},[185,15634,187],{},[57,15636,15638],{"className":59,"code":15637,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15639,15640],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15641,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682,15684,15686],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15643,9569],{"class":80},[66,15645,202],{"class":84},[66,15647,89],{"class":88},[66,15649,202],{"class":84},[66,15651,94],{"class":80},[66,15653,211],{"class":84},[66,15655,100],{"class":88},[66,15657,202],{"class":84},[66,15659,105],{"class":80},[66,15661,211],{"class":84},[66,15663,110],{"class":88},[66,15665,202],{"class":84},[66,15667,94],{"class":80},[66,15669,118],{"class":117},[66,15671,105],{"class":80},[66,15673,211],{"class":84},[66,15675,1038],{"class":88},[66,15677,202],{"class":84},[66,15679,94],{"class":80},[66,15681,211],{"class":84},[66,15683,7590],{"class":88},[66,15685,202],{"class":84},[66,15687,121],{"class":80},[1430,15689,15691],{"id":15690},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15693,15694,15699,15704,15707],{},[33,15695,243,15696,15698],{},[15,15697,4085],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15700,15701,15702],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15703,15551],{},[33,15705,15706],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15708,15709],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15711,281],{},[57,15713,15715],{"className":59,"code":15714,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15716,15717,15726,15746,15762,15775,15779,15783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15718,15719,15722,15724],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15720,15721],{"class":72},"book ",[66,15723,77],{"class":76},[66,15725,11774],{"class":80},[66,15727,15728,15730,15733,15735,15737,15739,15742,15744],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15729,11779],{"class":84},[66,15731,15732],{"class":88},"title",[66,15734,85],{"class":84},[66,15736,94],{"class":80},[66,15738,97],{"class":84},[66,15740,15741],{"class":88},"Python Basics",[66,15743,85],{"class":84},[66,15745,11795],{"class":80},[66,15747,15748,15750,15753,15755,15757,15760],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,15749,11779],{"class":84},[66,15751,15752],{"class":88},"pages",[66,15754,85],{"class":84},[66,15756,94],{"class":80},[66,15758,15759],{"class":117}," 150",[66,15761,11795],{"class":80},[66,15763,15764,15766,15769,15771,15773],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,15765,11779],{"class":84},[66,15767,15768],{"class":88},"available",[66,15770,85],{"class":84},[66,15772,94],{"class":80},[66,15774,6715],{"class":4146},[66,15776,15777],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,15778,121],{"class":80},[66,15780,15781],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,15782,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,15784,15785,15787,15789,15792],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,15786,155],{"class":154},[66,15788,158],{"class":80},[66,15790,15791],{"class":137},"book",[66,15793,163],{"class":80},[20,15795,15796],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[52,15798,9690],{"id":9689},[20,15800,15801],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15803,15804],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[57,15806,15808],{"className":59,"code":15807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15809,15810,15818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15811,15812,15814,15816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15813,472],{"class":72},[66,15815,77],{"class":76},[66,15817,10126],{"class":80},[66,15819,15820,15822,15824,15826],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15821,155],{"class":154},[66,15823,158],{"class":80},[66,15825,535],{"class":137},[66,15827,163],{"class":80},[57,15829,15830],{"className":59,"code":9693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,15831,15832,15842],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15833,15834,15836,15838,15840],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15835,472],{"class":72},[66,15837,77],{"class":76},[66,15839,9462],{"class":173},[66,15841,141],{"class":80},[66,15843,15844,15846,15848,15850],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15845,155],{"class":154},[66,15847,158],{"class":80},[66,15849,535],{"class":137},[66,15851,163],{"class":80},[20,15853,15854],{},[185,15855,187],{},[57,15857,15858],{"className":59,"code":9722,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,15859,15860],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15861,15862],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15863,9722],{"class":80},[20,15865,15866],{},"Both are correct.",[1430,15868,15870],{"id":15869},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15872,15873,15875,15876,15879],{},[15,15874,4085],{}," creates an empty ",[185,15877,15878],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15881,15882,15883,50],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15884,4090],{},[57,15886,15888],{"className":59,"code":15887,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15889,15890,15898,15910,15914,15928],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15891,15892,15894,15896],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15893,12005],{"class":72},[66,15895,77],{"class":76},[66,15897,10126],{"class":80},[66,15899,15900,15903,15905,15908],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15901,15902],{"class":72},"my_set ",[66,15904,77],{"class":76},[66,15906,15907],{"class":173}," set",[66,15909,141],{"class":80},[66,15911,15912],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,15913,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,15915,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,15917,155],{"class":154},[66,15919,158],{"class":80},[66,15921,912],{"class":173},[66,15923,158],{"class":80},[66,15925,672],{"class":137},[66,15927,181],{"class":80},[66,15929,15930,15932,15934,15936,15938,15941],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,15931,155],{"class":154},[66,15933,158],{"class":80},[66,15935,912],{"class":173},[66,15937,158],{"class":80},[66,15939,15940],{"class":137},"my_set",[66,15942,181],{"class":80},[20,15944,15945],{},[185,15946,187],{},[57,15948,15950],{"className":59,"code":15949,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15951,15952,15966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,15953,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,15955,954],{"class":76},[66,15957,958],{"class":957},[66,15959,211],{"class":84},[66,15961,9114],{"class":88},[66,15963,202],{"class":84},[66,15965,967],{"class":76},[66,15967,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,15969,954],{"class":76},[66,15971,958],{"class":957},[66,15973,211],{"class":84},[66,15975,6580],{"class":88},[66,15977,202],{"class":84},[66,15979,967],{"class":76},[52,15981,15983,15984],{"id":15982},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15985,9413],{},[20,15987,15988,15989,15991],{},"You can also use ",[15,15990,9413],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15993,15994],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[57,15996,15998],{"className":59,"code":15997,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15999,16000,16040],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16001,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026,16029,16031,16034,16036,16038],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16003,73],{"class":72},[66,16005,77],{"class":76},[66,16007,9462],{"class":173},[66,16009,158],{"class":80},[66,16011,89],{"class":9467},[66,16013,77],{"class":76},[66,16015,85],{"class":84},[66,16017,100],{"class":88},[66,16019,85],{"class":84},[66,16021,105],{"class":80},[66,16023,9480],{"class":9467},[66,16025,77],{"class":76},[66,16027,16028],{"class":117},"20",[66,16030,105],{"class":80},[66,16032,16033],{"class":9467}," active",[66,16035,77],{"class":76},[66,16037,1386],{"class":4146},[66,16039,163],{"class":80},[66,16041,16042,16044,16046,16048],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16043,155],{"class":154},[66,16045,158],{"class":80},[66,16047,733],{"class":137},[66,16049,163],{"class":80},[20,16051,16052],{},[185,16053,187],{},[57,16055,16057],{"className":59,"code":16056,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16058,16059],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16060,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16096,16098,16100,16102],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16062,9569],{"class":80},[66,16064,202],{"class":84},[66,16066,89],{"class":88},[66,16068,202],{"class":84},[66,16070,94],{"class":80},[66,16072,211],{"class":84},[66,16074,100],{"class":88},[66,16076,202],{"class":84},[66,16078,105],{"class":80},[66,16080,211],{"class":84},[66,16082,110],{"class":88},[66,16084,202],{"class":84},[66,16086,94],{"class":80},[66,16088,118],{"class":117},[66,16090,105],{"class":80},[66,16092,211],{"class":84},[66,16094,16095],{"class":88},"active",[66,16097,202],{"class":84},[66,16099,94],{"class":80},[66,16101,4208],{"class":4146},[66,16103,121],{"class":80},[20,16105,16106],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1430,16108,16110,16111],{"id":16109},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16112,9413],{},[20,16114,16115],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,16117,16118,16121],{},[33,16119,16120],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,16122,16123],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16125,6981],{},[57,16127,16129],{"className":59,"code":16128,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16130,16131,16161],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16132,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16134,11769],{"class":72},[66,16136,77],{"class":76},[66,16138,9462],{"class":173},[66,16140,158],{"class":80},[66,16142,89],{"class":9467},[66,16144,77],{"class":76},[66,16146,85],{"class":84},[66,16148,7970],{"class":88},[66,16150,85],{"class":84},[66,16152,105],{"class":80},[66,16154,9480],{"class":9467},[66,16156,77],{"class":76},[66,16158,9485],{"class":117},[66,16160,163],{"class":80},[66,16162,16163,16165,16167,16169],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16164,155],{"class":154},[66,16166,158],{"class":80},[66,16168,11863],{"class":137},[66,16170,163],{"class":80},[20,16172,4923,16173,16175],{},[185,16174,4926],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[57,16177,16179],{"className":59,"code":16178,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16180,16181],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16182,16183],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16184,16178],{"class":1945},[20,16186,16187],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16189,16190],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[57,16192,16194],{"className":59,"code":16193,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16195,16196,16204,16220,16224,16228],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16197,16198,16200,16202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16199,11769],{"class":72},[66,16201,77],{"class":76},[66,16203,11774],{"class":80},[66,16205,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16207,11779],{"class":84},[66,16209,10781],{"class":88},[66,16211,85],{"class":84},[66,16213,94],{"class":80},[66,16215,97],{"class":84},[66,16217,7970],{"class":88},[66,16219,376],{"class":84},[66,16221,16222],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,16223,121],{"class":80},[66,16225,16226],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,16227,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,16229,16230,16232,16234,16236],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,16231,155],{"class":154},[66,16233,158],{"class":80},[66,16235,11863],{"class":137},[66,16237,163],{"class":80},[52,16239,9732],{"id":9731},[20,16241,16242,16244],{},[15,16243,9413],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16246,16247],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[57,16249,16251],{"className":59,"code":16250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16252,16253,16310,16314,16328,16332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16254,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297,16299,16301,16303,16306,16308],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16256,9506],{"class":72},[66,16258,77],{"class":76},[66,16260,9511],{"class":80},[66,16262,85],{"class":84},[66,16264,89],{"class":88},[66,16266,85],{"class":84},[66,16268,105],{"class":80},[66,16270,97],{"class":84},[66,16272,100],{"class":88},[66,16274,85],{"class":84},[66,16276,9524],{"class":80},[66,16278,9527],{"class":80},[66,16280,85],{"class":84},[66,16282,110],{"class":88},[66,16284,85],{"class":84},[66,16286,105],{"class":80},[66,16288,118],{"class":117},[66,16290,9524],{"class":80},[66,16292,9527],{"class":80},[66,16294,85],{"class":84},[66,16296,360],{"class":88},[66,16298,85],{"class":84},[66,16300,105],{"class":80},[66,16302,97],{"class":84},[66,16304,16305],{"class":88},"Lima",[66,16307,85],{"class":84},[66,16309,9540],{"class":80},[66,16311,16312],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16313,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,16315,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,16317,73],{"class":72},[66,16319,77],{"class":76},[66,16321,9462],{"class":173},[66,16323,158],{"class":80},[66,16325,9553],{"class":137},[66,16327,163],{"class":80},[66,16329,16330],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,16331,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,16333,16334,16336,16338,16340],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,16335,155],{"class":154},[66,16337,158],{"class":80},[66,16339,733],{"class":137},[66,16341,163],{"class":80},[20,16343,16344],{},[185,16345,187],{},[57,16347,16349],{"className":59,"code":16348,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16350,16351],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16352,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395,16397],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16354,9569],{"class":80},[66,16356,202],{"class":84},[66,16358,89],{"class":88},[66,16360,202],{"class":84},[66,16362,94],{"class":80},[66,16364,211],{"class":84},[66,16366,100],{"class":88},[66,16368,202],{"class":84},[66,16370,105],{"class":80},[66,16372,211],{"class":84},[66,16374,110],{"class":88},[66,16376,202],{"class":84},[66,16378,94],{"class":80},[66,16380,118],{"class":117},[66,16382,105],{"class":80},[66,16384,211],{"class":84},[66,16386,360],{"class":88},[66,16388,202],{"class":84},[66,16390,94],{"class":80},[66,16392,211],{"class":84},[66,16394,16305],{"class":88},[66,16396,202],{"class":84},[66,16398,121],{"class":80},[20,16400,16401],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[57,16403,16405],{"className":59,"code":16404,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16406,16407,16448],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16408,16409,16411,16413,16415,16418,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16410,73],{"class":72},[66,16412,77],{"class":76},[66,16414,9462],{"class":173},[66,16416,16417],{"class":80},"(((",[66,16419,85],{"class":84},[66,16421,89],{"class":88},[66,16423,85],{"class":84},[66,16425,105],{"class":80},[66,16427,97],{"class":84},[66,16429,100],{"class":88},[66,16431,85],{"class":84},[66,16433,9524],{"class":80},[66,16435,9527],{"class":80},[66,16437,85],{"class":84},[66,16439,110],{"class":88},[66,16441,85],{"class":84},[66,16443,105],{"class":80},[66,16445,118],{"class":117},[66,16447,3210],{"class":80},[66,16449,16450,16452,16454,16456],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16451,155],{"class":154},[66,16453,158],{"class":80},[66,16455,733],{"class":137},[66,16457,163],{"class":80},[20,16459,16460],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[52,16462,16464],{"id":16463},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16466,16467],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,16469,16470,16473,16476,16479],{},[33,16471,16472],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,16474,16475],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,16477,16478],{},"Values can repeat",[33,16480,16481],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1430,16483,16485],{"id":16484},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[57,16487,16489],{"className":59,"code":16488,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16490,16491,16499,16517,16534,16538,16542],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16492,16493,16495,16497],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16494,472],{"class":72},[66,16496,77],{"class":76},[66,16498,11774],{"class":80},[66,16500,16501,16503,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513,16515],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16502,11779],{"class":84},[66,16504,89],{"class":88},[66,16506,85],{"class":84},[66,16508,94],{"class":80},[66,16510,97],{"class":84},[66,16512,100],{"class":88},[66,16514,85],{"class":84},[66,16516,11795],{"class":80},[66,16518,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529,16532],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,16520,11779],{"class":84},[66,16522,89],{"class":88},[66,16524,85],{"class":84},[66,16526,94],{"class":80},[66,16528,97],{"class":84},[66,16530,16531],{"class":88},"Maria",[66,16533,376],{"class":84},[66,16535,16536],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,16537,121],{"class":80},[66,16539,16540],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,16541,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,16543,16544,16546,16548,16550],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,16545,155],{"class":154},[66,16547,158],{"class":80},[66,16549,535],{"class":137},[66,16551,163],{"class":80},[20,16553,16554],{},[185,16555,187],{},[57,16557,16559],{"className":59,"code":16558,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16560,16561],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16562,16563,16565,16567,16569,16571,16573,16575,16577,16579],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16564,9569],{"class":80},[66,16566,202],{"class":84},[66,16568,89],{"class":88},[66,16570,202],{"class":84},[66,16572,94],{"class":80},[66,16574,211],{"class":84},[66,16576,16531],{"class":88},[66,16578,202],{"class":84},[66,16580,121],{"class":80},[20,16582,16583],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1430,16585,16587],{"id":16586},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[57,16589,16591],{"className":59,"code":16590,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16592,16593,16601,16617,16633,16647,16651,16655],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16594,16595,16597,16599],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16596,5359],{"class":72},[66,16598,77],{"class":76},[66,16600,11774],{"class":80},[66,16602,16603,16606,16608,16610,16613,16615],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16604,16605],{"class":117},"    1",[66,16607,94],{"class":80},[66,16609,97],{"class":84},[66,16611,16612],{"class":88},"low",[66,16614,85],{"class":84},[66,16616,11795],{"class":80},[66,16618,16619,16622,16624,16626,16629,16631],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,16620,16621],{"class":117},"    2",[66,16623,94],{"class":80},[66,16625,97],{"class":84},[66,16627,16628],{"class":88},"medium",[66,16630,85],{"class":84},[66,16632,11795],{"class":80},[66,16634,16635,16638,16640,16642,16645],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,16636,16637],{"class":117},"    3",[66,16639,94],{"class":80},[66,16641,97],{"class":84},[66,16643,16644],{"class":88},"high",[66,16646,376],{"class":84},[66,16648,16649],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,16650,121],{"class":80},[66,16652,16653],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,16654,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,16656,16657,16659,16661,16664],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,16658,155],{"class":154},[66,16660,158],{"class":80},[66,16662,16663],{"class":137},"scores",[66,16665,163],{"class":80},[1430,16667,16669],{"id":16668},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16671,16672],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16674,16675],{},"This will cause an error:",[57,16677,16679],{"className":59,"code":16678,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16680,16681,16686,16691],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16682,16683],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16684,16685],{"class":1945},"# bad = {\n",[66,16687,16688],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16689,16690],{"class":1945},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[66,16692,16693],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,16694,16695],{"class":1945},"# }\n",[20,16697,16698],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[57,16700,16702],{"className":59,"code":16701,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16703,16704,16713,16733,16737,16741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16705,16706,16709,16711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16707,16708],{"class":72},"good ",[66,16710,77],{"class":76},[66,16712,11774],{"class":80},[66,16714,16715,16718,16720,16722,16724,16727,16729,16731],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16716,16717],{"class":80},"    (",[66,16719,1714],{"class":117},[66,16721,105],{"class":80},[66,16723,1719],{"class":117},[66,16725,16726],{"class":80},"):",[66,16728,97],{"class":84},[66,16730,1735],{"class":88},[66,16732,376],{"class":84},[66,16734,16735],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,16736,121],{"class":80},[66,16738,16739],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,16740,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,16742,16743,16745,16747,16750],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,16744,155],{"class":154},[66,16746,158],{"class":80},[66,16748,16749],{"class":137},"good",[66,16751,163],{"class":80},[52,16753,16755],{"id":16754},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16757,16758],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16760,16761],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16763,16764,16767,16769,16772],{},[33,16765,16766],{},"user data",[33,16768,14161],{},[33,16770,16771],{},"counters",[33,16773,16774],{},"lookups",[20,16776,281],{},[57,16778,16780],{"className":59,"code":16779,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16781,16782,16790,16809,16828,16840,16844,16848],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16783,16784,16786,16788],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16785,11769],{"class":72},[66,16787,77],{"class":76},[66,16789,11774],{"class":80},[66,16791,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800,16802,16805,16807],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16793,11779],{"class":84},[66,16795,8279],{"class":88},[66,16797,85],{"class":84},[66,16799,94],{"class":80},[66,16801,97],{"class":84},[66,16803,16804],{"class":88},"ana123",[66,16806,85],{"class":84},[66,16808,11795],{"class":80},[66,16810,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16824,16826],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,16812,11779],{"class":84},[66,16814,15533],{"class":88},[66,16816,85],{"class":84},[66,16818,94],{"class":80},[66,16820,97],{"class":84},[66,16822,16823],{"class":88},"ana@example.com",[66,16825,85],{"class":84},[66,16827,11795],{"class":80},[66,16829,16830,16832,16834,16836,16838],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,16831,11779],{"class":84},[66,16833,12796],{"class":88},[66,16835,85],{"class":84},[66,16837,94],{"class":80},[66,16839,6715],{"class":4146},[66,16841,16842],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,16843,121],{"class":80},[66,16845,16846],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,16847,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,16849,16850,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,16851,155],{"class":154},[66,16853,158],{"class":80},[66,16855,11863],{"class":137},[66,16857,223],{"class":80},[66,16859,85],{"class":84},[66,16861,15533],{"class":88},[66,16863,85],{"class":84},[66,16865,218],{"class":80},[20,16867,16868,16869,50],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[652,16870,16872],{"href":16871},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16874,16875],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16877,16878,16881,16884],{},[33,16879,16880],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16882,16883],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16885,16886],{},"order matters more than named fields",[52,16888,1838],{"id":1837},[20,16890,16891],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16893,16894,16897,16900,16903,16906],{},[33,16895,16896],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16898,16899],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16901,16902],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16904,16905],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16907,16908,16909,16911],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16910,4085],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1430,16913,16915],{"id":16914},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16917,16918],{},"Wrong:",[57,16920,16922],{"className":59,"code":16921,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16923,16924],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16925,16926],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16927,16921],{"class":1945},[20,16929,695],{},[57,16931,16933],{"className":59,"code":16932,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16934,16935,16959],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16936,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951,16953,16955,16957],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16938,73],{"class":72},[66,16940,77],{"class":76},[66,16942,81],{"class":80},[66,16944,85],{"class":84},[66,16946,89],{"class":88},[66,16948,85],{"class":84},[66,16950,94],{"class":80},[66,16952,97],{"class":84},[66,16954,100],{"class":88},[66,16956,85],{"class":84},[66,16958,121],{"class":80},[66,16960,16961,16963,16965,16967],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,16962,155],{"class":154},[66,16964,158],{"class":80},[66,16966,733],{"class":137},[66,16968,163],{"class":80},[1430,16970,16972],{"id":16971},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16974,16918],{},[57,16976,16978],{"className":59,"code":16977,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16979,16980],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,16981,16982],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,16983,16977],{"class":1945},[20,16985,16986,16987,16989,16990,16992],{},"This only works if ",[15,16988,89],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16991,15514],{},", use quotes.",[20,16994,695],{},[57,16996,16997],{"className":59,"code":16932,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,16998,16999,17023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17000,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17002,73],{"class":72},[66,17004,77],{"class":76},[66,17006,81],{"class":80},[66,17008,85],{"class":84},[66,17010,89],{"class":88},[66,17012,85],{"class":84},[66,17014,94],{"class":80},[66,17016,97],{"class":84},[66,17018,100],{"class":88},[66,17020,85],{"class":84},[66,17022,121],{"class":80},[66,17024,17025,17027,17029,17031],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,17026,155],{"class":154},[66,17028,158],{"class":80},[66,17030,733],{"class":137},[66,17032,163],{"class":80},[1430,17034,17036],{"id":17035},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[57,17038,17040],{"className":59,"code":17039,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17041,17042,17074],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17043,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070,17072],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17045,472],{"class":72},[66,17047,77],{"class":76},[66,17049,81],{"class":80},[66,17051,85],{"class":84},[66,17053,110],{"class":88},[66,17055,85],{"class":84},[66,17057,94],{"class":80},[66,17059,118],{"class":117},[66,17061,105],{"class":80},[66,17063,97],{"class":84},[66,17065,110],{"class":88},[66,17067,85],{"class":84},[66,17069,94],{"class":80},[66,17071,8088],{"class":117},[66,17073,121],{"class":80},[66,17075,17076,17078,17080,17082],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,17077,155],{"class":154},[66,17079,158],{"class":80},[66,17081,535],{"class":137},[66,17083,163],{"class":80},[20,17085,17086],{},[185,17087,187],{},[57,17089,17091],{"className":59,"code":17090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17092,17093],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17094,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17096,9569],{"class":80},[66,17098,202],{"class":84},[66,17100,110],{"class":88},[66,17102,202],{"class":84},[66,17104,94],{"class":80},[66,17106,8088],{"class":117},[66,17108,121],{"class":80},[52,17110,17112],{"id":17111},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17114,17115],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[57,17117,17119],{"className":59,"code":17118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17120,17121,17157,17161,17171,17185,17199,17213],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17122,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17124,12005],{"class":72},[66,17126,77],{"class":76},[66,17128,81],{"class":80},[66,17130,85],{"class":84},[66,17132,89],{"class":88},[66,17134,85],{"class":84},[66,17136,94],{"class":80},[66,17138,97],{"class":84},[66,17140,100],{"class":88},[66,17142,85],{"class":84},[66,17144,105],{"class":80},[66,17146,97],{"class":84},[66,17148,110],{"class":88},[66,17150,85],{"class":84},[66,17152,94],{"class":80},[66,17154,118],{"class":117},[66,17156,121],{"class":80},[66,17158,17159],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,17160,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,17162,17163,17165,17167,17169],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,17164,155],{"class":154},[66,17166,158],{"class":80},[66,17168,672],{"class":137},[66,17170,163],{"class":80},[66,17172,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181,17183],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,17174,155],{"class":154},[66,17176,158],{"class":80},[66,17178,912],{"class":173},[66,17180,158],{"class":80},[66,17182,672],{"class":137},[66,17184,181],{"class":80},[66,17186,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,17188,155],{"class":154},[66,17190,158],{"class":80},[66,17192,672],{"class":137},[66,17194,50],{"class":80},[66,17196,138],{"class":137},[66,17198,345],{"class":80},[66,17200,17201,17203,17205,17207,17209,17211],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,17202,155],{"class":154},[66,17204,158],{"class":80},[66,17206,672],{"class":137},[66,17208,50],{"class":80},[66,17210,5655],{"class":137},[66,17212,345],{"class":80},[66,17214,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,17216,155],{"class":154},[66,17218,158],{"class":80},[66,17220,11445],{"class":154},[66,17222,158],{"class":80},[66,17224,672],{"class":137},[66,17226,181],{"class":80},[20,17228,17229],{},[185,17230,17231],{},"Example output:",[57,17233,17235],{"className":59,"code":17234,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17236,17237,17269,17283,17305,17324],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17238,17239,17241,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261,17263,17265,17267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17240,9569],{"class":80},[66,17242,202],{"class":84},[66,17244,89],{"class":88},[66,17246,202],{"class":84},[66,17248,94],{"class":80},[66,17250,211],{"class":84},[66,17252,100],{"class":88},[66,17254,202],{"class":84},[66,17256,105],{"class":80},[66,17258,211],{"class":84},[66,17260,110],{"class":88},[66,17262,202],{"class":84},[66,17264,94],{"class":80},[66,17266,118],{"class":117},[66,17268,121],{"class":80},[66,17270,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,17272,954],{"class":76},[66,17274,958],{"class":957},[66,17276,211],{"class":84},[66,17278,9114],{"class":88},[66,17280,202],{"class":84},[66,17282,967],{"class":76},[66,17284,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,17286,49],{"class":137},[66,17288,199],{"class":80},[66,17290,202],{"class":84},[66,17292,89],{"class":88},[66,17294,202],{"class":84},[66,17296,105],{"class":80},[66,17298,211],{"class":84},[66,17300,110],{"class":88},[66,17302,202],{"class":84},[66,17304,218],{"class":80},[66,17306,17307,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,17308,17309],{"class":137},"dict_values",[66,17311,199],{"class":80},[66,17313,202],{"class":84},[66,17315,100],{"class":88},[66,17317,202],{"class":84},[66,17319,105],{"class":80},[66,17321,118],{"class":117},[66,17323,218],{"class":80},[66,17325,17326],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,17327,17328],{"class":117},"2\n",[20,17330,17331,17332,2487,17337,17341,17342,50],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[652,17333,974,17335],{"href":17334},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17336,17],{},[652,17338,974,17339],{"href":973},[15,17340,977],{},", and ",[652,17343,974,17344],{"href":982},[15,17345,985],{},[52,17347,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,17349,17351],{"id":17350},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17353,243,17354,3176,17356,17358],{},[15,17355,4085],{},[15,17357,9413],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1430,17360,17362],{"id":17361},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17364,17365,17366,50],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17367,17368],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1430,17370,17372],{"id":17371},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17374,17375],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1430,17377,17379],{"id":17378},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17381,17382],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1430,17384,5475,17386,4688,17388,2151],{"id":17385},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17387,4085],{},[15,17389,9413],{},[20,17391,17392,17394,17395,17397],{},[15,17393,4085],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17396,9413],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[52,17399,2183],{"id":2182},[30,17401,17402,17406,17412,17416,17420],{},[33,17403,17404],{},[652,17405,9448],{"href":9447},[33,17407,17408],{},[652,17409,974,17410,978],{"href":11021},[15,17411,11024],{},[33,17413,17414],{},[652,17415,11535],{"href":11016},[33,17417,17418],{},[652,17419,2213],{"href":1418},[33,17421,17422],{},[652,17423,11546],{"href":11358},[20,17425,17426],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2222,17428,17429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":17431},[17432,17433,17434,17435,17438,17441,17446,17447,17452,17453,17458,17459,17467],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":15436,"depth":124,"text":15437},{"id":15454,"depth":124,"text":15442},{"id":15539,"depth":124,"text":15540,"children":17436},[17437],{"id":15690,"depth":144,"text":15691},{"id":9689,"depth":124,"text":9690,"children":17439},[17440],{"id":15869,"depth":144,"text":15870},{"id":15982,"depth":124,"text":17442,"children":17443},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17444],{"id":16109,"depth":144,"text":17445},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9731,"depth":124,"text":9732},{"id":16463,"depth":124,"text":16464,"children":17448},[17449,17450,17451],{"id":16484,"depth":144,"text":16485},{"id":16586,"depth":144,"text":16587},{"id":16668,"depth":144,"text":16669},{"id":16754,"depth":124,"text":16755},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":17454},[17455,17456,17457],{"id":16914,"depth":144,"text":16915},{"id":16971,"depth":144,"text":16972},{"id":17035,"depth":144,"text":17036},{"id":17111,"depth":124,"text":17112},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":17460},[17461,17462,17463,17464,17465],{"id":17350,"depth":144,"text":17351},{"id":17361,"depth":144,"text":17362},{"id":17371,"depth":144,"text":17372},{"id":17378,"depth":144,"text":17379},{"id":17385,"depth":144,"text":17466},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15279,"description":17468},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17474,"title":17475,"body":17476,"description":19920,"extension":2260,"meta":19921,"navigation":147,"path":19922,"seo":19923,"stem":19924,"__hash__":19925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17477,"toc":19876},[17478,17484,17490,17493,17496,17498,17578,17584,17589,17593,17611,17623,17628,17632,17655,17659,17671,17679,17681,17686,17688,17691,17766,17768,17813,17815,17832,17837,17843,17848,17922,17924,17969,17972,17983,17985,18104,18106,18159,18166,18170,18173,18190,18196,18200,18298,18300,18352,18359,18363,18369,18372,18375,18402,18407,18411,18414,18517,18519,18564,18567,18570,18575,18580,18591,18593,18654,18714,18720,18728,18734,18739,18744,18804,18808,18875,18878,18882,18953,18955,18968,18975,18977,18981,18985,19056,19058,19095,19098,19101,19164,19171,19174,19216,19226,19229,19298,19304,19309,19393,19395,19444,19451,19457,19502,19504,19537,19542,19546,19552,19591,19635,19703,19746,19748,19754,19757,19761,19766,19770,19773,19777,19779,19840,19842,19868,19873],[10,17479,13,17481,18],{"id":17480},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17482,17483],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17485,17486,17489],{},[15,17487,17488],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17491,17492],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17494,17495],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[52,17497,55],{"id":54},[57,17499,17501],{"className":59,"code":17500,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17502,17503,17535,17563,17573],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17504,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17506,127],{"class":72},[66,17508,77],{"class":76},[66,17510,1711],{"class":80},[66,17512,85],{"class":84},[66,17514,89],{"class":88},[66,17516,85],{"class":84},[66,17518,105],{"class":80},[66,17520,97],{"class":84},[66,17522,110],{"class":88},[66,17524,85],{"class":84},[66,17526,105],{"class":80},[66,17528,97],{"class":84},[66,17530,360],{"class":88},[66,17532,85],{"class":84},[66,17534,240],{"class":80},[66,17536,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17559,17561],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,17538,291],{"class":72},[66,17540,77],{"class":76},[66,17542,9462],{"class":173},[66,17544,50],{"class":80},[66,17546,17547],{"class":137},"fromkeys",[66,17549,158],{"class":80},[66,17551,138],{"class":137},[66,17553,105],{"class":80},[66,17555,97],{"class":84},[66,17557,17558],{"class":88},"unknown",[66,17560,85],{"class":84},[66,17562,163],{"class":80},[66,17564,17565,17567,17569,17571],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,17566,155],{"class":154},[66,17568,158],{"class":80},[66,17570,338],{"class":137},[66,17572,163],{"class":80},[66,17574,17575],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,17576,17577],{"class":1945},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17579,243,17580,17583],{},[15,17581,17582],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[52,17585,250,17587,253],{"id":17586},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17588,17488],{},[20,17590,17591,94],{},[15,17592,17488],{},[30,17594,17595,17598,17601,17604],{},[33,17596,17597],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,17599,17600],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,17602,17603],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,17605,17606,17607,17610],{},"Is called as ",[15,17608,17609],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17612,17613,17614,17616,17617,17619,17620,50],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17615,9114],{},", so you write ",[15,17618,17609],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17621,17622],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17624,17625,17626,50],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[652,17627,9448],{"href":13303},[52,17629,17631],{"id":17630},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[57,17633,17635],{"className":59,"code":17634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17636,17637],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17638,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17640,9114],{"class":173},[66,17642,50],{"class":80},[66,17644,17547],{"class":137},[66,17646,158],{"class":80},[66,17648,4013],{"class":137},[66,17650,105],{"class":80},[66,17652,8726],{"class":137},[66,17654,163],{"class":80},[1430,17656,17658],{"id":17657},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17660,17661,17666],{},[33,17662,17663,17665],{},[15,17664,4013],{},": the keys to use",[33,17667,17668,17670],{},[15,17669,2771],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17672,17673,17674,17676,17677,50],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17675,2771],{},", each key gets ",[15,17678,4071],{},[1430,17680,793],{"id":792},[20,17682,272,17683,50],{},[185,17684,17685],{},"new dictionary",[52,17687,459],{"id":458},[20,17689,17690],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[57,17692,17694],{"className":59,"code":17693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17695,17696,17729,17751,17755],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17697,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17699,127],{"class":72},[66,17701,77],{"class":76},[66,17703,1711],{"class":80},[66,17705,85],{"class":84},[66,17707,13373],{"class":88},[66,17709,85],{"class":84},[66,17711,105],{"class":80},[66,17713,97],{"class":84},[66,17715,17716],{"class":88},"green",[66,17718,85],{"class":84},[66,17720,105],{"class":80},[66,17722,97],{"class":84},[66,17724,13390],{"class":88},[66,17726,85],{"class":84},[66,17728,240],{"class":80},[66,17730,17731,17733,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,17732,13356],{"class":72},[66,17734,77],{"class":76},[66,17736,9462],{"class":173},[66,17738,50],{"class":80},[66,17740,17547],{"class":137},[66,17742,158],{"class":80},[66,17744,138],{"class":137},[66,17746,105],{"class":80},[66,17748,4127],{"class":117},[66,17750,163],{"class":80},[66,17752,17753],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,17754,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,17756,17757,17759,17761,17764],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,17758,155],{"class":154},[66,17760,158],{"class":80},[66,17762,17763],{"class":137},"colors",[66,17765,163],{"class":80},[20,17767,187],{},[57,17769,17771],{"className":59,"code":17770,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17772,17773],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17774,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17776,9569],{"class":80},[66,17778,202],{"class":84},[66,17780,13373],{"class":88},[66,17782,202],{"class":84},[66,17784,94],{"class":80},[66,17786,4127],{"class":117},[66,17788,105],{"class":80},[66,17790,211],{"class":84},[66,17792,17716],{"class":88},[66,17794,202],{"class":84},[66,17796,94],{"class":80},[66,17798,4127],{"class":117},[66,17800,105],{"class":80},[66,17802,211],{"class":84},[66,17804,13390],{"class":88},[66,17806,202],{"class":84},[66,17808,94],{"class":80},[66,17810,4127],{"class":117},[66,17812,121],{"class":80},[20,17814,11965],{},[30,17816,17817,17822,17827],{},[33,17818,17819,17821],{},[15,17820,138],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17823,17824,17826],{},[15,17825,2021],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17828,17829,17831],{},[15,17830,17488],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17833,17834,17835,50],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[652,17836,9679],{"href":13306},[52,17838,1848,17840,17842],{"id":17839},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17841,17483],{}," without a value",[20,17844,17845,17846,50],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17847,4071],{},[57,17849,17851],{"className":59,"code":17850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17852,17853,17887,17907,17911],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17854,17855,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17883,17885],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17856,17857],{"class":72},"fields ",[66,17859,77],{"class":76},[66,17861,1711],{"class":80},[66,17863,85],{"class":84},[66,17865,8279],{"class":88},[66,17867,85],{"class":84},[66,17869,105],{"class":80},[66,17871,97],{"class":84},[66,17873,15533],{"class":88},[66,17875,85],{"class":84},[66,17877,105],{"class":80},[66,17879,97],{"class":84},[66,17881,17882],{"class":88},"password",[66,17884,85],{"class":84},[66,17886,240],{"class":80},[66,17888,17889,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17905],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,17890,17891],{"class":72},"user_data ",[66,17893,77],{"class":76},[66,17895,9462],{"class":173},[66,17897,50],{"class":80},[66,17899,17547],{"class":137},[66,17901,158],{"class":80},[66,17903,17904],{"class":137},"fields",[66,17906,163],{"class":80},[66,17908,17909],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,17910,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,17912,17913,17915,17917,17920],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,17914,155],{"class":154},[66,17916,158],{"class":80},[66,17918,17919],{"class":137},"user_data",[66,17921,163],{"class":80},[20,17923,187],{},[57,17925,17927],{"className":59,"code":17926,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17928,17929],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17930,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17932,9569],{"class":80},[66,17934,202],{"class":84},[66,17936,8279],{"class":88},[66,17938,202],{"class":84},[66,17940,94],{"class":80},[66,17942,4147],{"class":4146},[66,17944,105],{"class":80},[66,17946,211],{"class":84},[66,17948,15533],{"class":88},[66,17950,202],{"class":84},[66,17952,94],{"class":80},[66,17954,4147],{"class":4146},[66,17956,105],{"class":80},[66,17958,211],{"class":84},[66,17960,17882],{"class":88},[66,17962,202],{"class":84},[66,17964,94],{"class":80},[66,17966,4147],{"class":4146},[66,17968,121],{"class":80},[20,17970,17971],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17973,17974,17977,17980],{},[33,17975,17976],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17978,17979],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17981,17982],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17984,281],{},[57,17986,17988],{"className":59,"code":17987,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17989,17990,18022,18040,18044,18067,18090,18094],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,17991,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,17993,17857],{"class":72},[66,17995,77],{"class":76},[66,17997,1711],{"class":80},[66,17999,85],{"class":84},[66,18001,8279],{"class":88},[66,18003,85],{"class":84},[66,18005,105],{"class":80},[66,18007,97],{"class":84},[66,18009,15533],{"class":88},[66,18011,85],{"class":84},[66,18013,105],{"class":80},[66,18015,97],{"class":84},[66,18017,17882],{"class":88},[66,18019,85],{"class":84},[66,18021,240],{"class":80},[66,18023,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,18025,17891],{"class":72},[66,18027,77],{"class":76},[66,18029,9462],{"class":173},[66,18031,50],{"class":80},[66,18033,17547],{"class":137},[66,18035,158],{"class":80},[66,18037,17904],{"class":137},[66,18039,163],{"class":80},[66,18041,18042],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,18043,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,18045,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18065],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,18047,17919],{"class":72},[66,18049,223],{"class":80},[66,18051,85],{"class":84},[66,18053,8279],{"class":88},[66,18055,85],{"class":84},[66,18057,365],{"class":80},[66,18059,368],{"class":76},[66,18061,97],{"class":84},[66,18063,18064],{"class":88},"alice",[66,18066,376],{"class":84},[66,18068,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18088],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,18070,17919],{"class":72},[66,18072,223],{"class":80},[66,18074,85],{"class":84},[66,18076,15533],{"class":88},[66,18078,85],{"class":84},[66,18080,365],{"class":80},[66,18082,368],{"class":76},[66,18084,97],{"class":84},[66,18086,18087],{"class":88},"alice@example.com",[66,18089,376],{"class":84},[66,18091,18092],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,18093,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,18095,18096,18098,18100,18102],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,18097,155],{"class":154},[66,18099,158],{"class":80},[66,18101,17919],{"class":137},[66,18103,163],{"class":80},[20,18105,187],{},[57,18107,18109],{"className":59,"code":18108,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18110,18111],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18112,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18114,9569],{"class":80},[66,18116,202],{"class":84},[66,18118,8279],{"class":88},[66,18120,202],{"class":84},[66,18122,94],{"class":80},[66,18124,211],{"class":84},[66,18126,18064],{"class":88},[66,18128,202],{"class":84},[66,18130,105],{"class":80},[66,18132,211],{"class":84},[66,18134,15533],{"class":88},[66,18136,202],{"class":84},[66,18138,94],{"class":80},[66,18140,211],{"class":84},[66,18142,18087],{"class":88},[66,18144,202],{"class":84},[66,18146,105],{"class":80},[66,18148,211],{"class":84},[66,18150,17882],{"class":88},[66,18152,202],{"class":84},[66,18154,94],{"class":80},[66,18156,4147],{"class":4146},[66,18158,121],{"class":80},[20,18160,18161,18162,50],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[652,18163,18165],{"href":18164},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[52,18167,18169],{"id":18168},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18171,18172],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,18174,18175,18180,18185],{},[33,18176,18177,18179],{},[15,18178,4080],{}," (list)",[33,18181,18182,18184],{},[15,18183,4085],{}," (dictionary)",[33,18186,18187,18189],{},[15,18188,4090],{}," (set)",[20,18191,18192,18193,50],{},"All keys will point to the ",[185,18194,18195],{},"same object",[1430,18197,18199],{"id":18198},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[57,18201,18203],{"className":59,"code":18202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18204,18205,18237,18258,18262,18284,18288],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18206,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18208,127],{"class":72},[66,18210,77],{"class":76},[66,18212,1711],{"class":80},[66,18214,85],{"class":84},[66,18216,652],{"class":88},[66,18218,85],{"class":84},[66,18220,105],{"class":80},[66,18222,97],{"class":84},[66,18224,1903],{"class":88},[66,18226,85],{"class":84},[66,18228,105],{"class":80},[66,18230,97],{"class":84},[66,18232,10027],{"class":88},[66,18234,85],{"class":84},[66,18236,240],{"class":80},[66,18238,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,18240,472],{"class":72},[66,18242,77],{"class":76},[66,18244,9462],{"class":173},[66,18246,50],{"class":80},[66,18248,17547],{"class":137},[66,18250,158],{"class":80},[66,18252,138],{"class":137},[66,18254,105],{"class":80},[66,18256,18257],{"class":80}," [])\n",[66,18259,18260],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,18261,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,18263,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,18265,535],{"class":72},[66,18267,223],{"class":80},[66,18269,85],{"class":84},[66,18271,652],{"class":88},[66,18273,85],{"class":84},[66,18275,13827],{"class":80},[66,18277,13830],{"class":137},[66,18279,158],{"class":80},[66,18281,1714],{"class":117},[66,18283,163],{"class":80},[66,18285,18286],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,18287,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,18289,18290,18292,18294,18296],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,18291,155],{"class":154},[66,18293,158],{"class":80},[66,18295,535],{"class":137},[66,18297,163],{"class":80},[20,18299,187],{},[57,18301,18303],{"className":59,"code":18302,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18304,18305],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18306,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18308,9569],{"class":80},[66,18310,202],{"class":84},[66,18312,652],{"class":88},[66,18314,202],{"class":84},[66,18316,94],{"class":80},[66,18318,1711],{"class":80},[66,18320,1714],{"class":117},[66,18322,18323],{"class":80},"],",[66,18325,211],{"class":84},[66,18327,1903],{"class":88},[66,18329,202],{"class":84},[66,18331,94],{"class":80},[66,18333,1711],{"class":80},[66,18335,1714],{"class":117},[66,18337,18323],{"class":80},[66,18339,211],{"class":84},[66,18341,10027],{"class":88},[66,18343,202],{"class":84},[66,18345,94],{"class":80},[66,18347,1711],{"class":80},[66,18349,1714],{"class":117},[66,18351,13982],{"class":80},[20,18353,18354,18355,18358],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18356,18357],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1430,18360,18362],{"id":18361},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18364,18365,18368],{},[15,18366,18367],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18370,18371],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18373,18374],{},"So this:",[57,18376,18378],{"className":59,"code":18377,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18379,18380],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18381,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18383,535],{"class":72},[66,18385,223],{"class":80},[66,18387,85],{"class":84},[66,18389,652],{"class":88},[66,18391,85],{"class":84},[66,18393,13827],{"class":80},[66,18395,13830],{"class":137},[66,18397,158],{"class":80},[66,18399,1714],{"class":117},[66,18401,163],{"class":80},[20,18403,18404,18405,50],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18406,18357],{},[1430,18408,18410],{"id":18409},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18412,18413],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[57,18415,18417],{"className":59,"code":18416,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18418,18419,18451,18477,18481,18503,18507],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18420,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18422,127],{"class":72},[66,18424,77],{"class":76},[66,18426,1711],{"class":80},[66,18428,85],{"class":84},[66,18430,652],{"class":88},[66,18432,85],{"class":84},[66,18434,105],{"class":80},[66,18436,97],{"class":84},[66,18438,1903],{"class":88},[66,18440,85],{"class":84},[66,18442,105],{"class":80},[66,18444,97],{"class":84},[66,18446,10027],{"class":88},[66,18448,85],{"class":84},[66,18450,240],{"class":80},[66,18452,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18466,18468,18470,18472,18475],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,18454,472],{"class":72},[66,18456,77],{"class":76},[66,18458,81],{"class":80},[66,18460,1086],{"class":72},[66,18462,94],{"class":80},[66,18464,18465],{"class":80}," []",[66,18467,4171],{"class":1060},[66,18469,1064],{"class":72},[66,18471,1067],{"class":1060},[66,18473,18474],{"class":72}," keys",[66,18476,121],{"class":80},[66,18478,18479],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,18480,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,18482,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,18484,535],{"class":72},[66,18486,223],{"class":80},[66,18488,85],{"class":84},[66,18490,652],{"class":88},[66,18492,85],{"class":84},[66,18494,13827],{"class":80},[66,18496,13830],{"class":137},[66,18498,158],{"class":80},[66,18500,1714],{"class":117},[66,18502,163],{"class":80},[66,18504,18505],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,18506,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,18508,18509,18511,18513,18515],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,18510,155],{"class":154},[66,18512,158],{"class":80},[66,18514,535],{"class":137},[66,18516,163],{"class":80},[20,18518,187],{},[57,18520,18522],{"className":59,"code":18521,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18523,18524],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18525,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548,18550,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18527,9569],{"class":80},[66,18529,202],{"class":84},[66,18531,652],{"class":88},[66,18533,202],{"class":84},[66,18535,94],{"class":80},[66,18537,1711],{"class":80},[66,18539,1714],{"class":117},[66,18541,18323],{"class":80},[66,18543,211],{"class":84},[66,18545,1903],{"class":88},[66,18547,202],{"class":84},[66,18549,94],{"class":80},[66,18551,18552],{"class":80}," [],",[66,18554,211],{"class":84},[66,18556,10027],{"class":88},[66,18558,202],{"class":84},[66,18560,94],{"class":80},[66,18562,18563],{"class":80}," []}\n",[20,18565,18566],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18568,18569],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[52,18571,1154,18573],{"id":18572},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18574,17483],{},[20,18576,18577,18579],{},[15,18578,17488],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,18581,18582,18585,18588],{},[33,18583,18584],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,18586,18587],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,18589,18590],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18592,2422],{},[57,18594,18596],{"className":59,"code":18595,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18597,18598,18643],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18599,18600,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18635,18637,18639,18641],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18601,18602],{"class":72},"flags ",[66,18604,77],{"class":76},[66,18606,9462],{"class":173},[66,18608,50],{"class":80},[66,18610,17547],{"class":137},[66,18612,199],{"class":80},[66,18614,85],{"class":84},[66,18616,18617],{"class":88},"is_admin",[66,18619,85],{"class":84},[66,18621,105],{"class":80},[66,18623,97],{"class":84},[66,18625,15353],{"class":88},[66,18627,85],{"class":84},[66,18629,105],{"class":80},[66,18631,97],{"class":84},[66,18633,18634],{"class":88},"is_verified",[66,18636,85],{"class":84},[66,18638,18323],{"class":80},[66,18640,4199],{"class":4146},[66,18642,163],{"class":80},[66,18644,18645,18647,18649,18652],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,18646,155],{"class":154},[66,18648,158],{"class":80},[66,18650,18651],{"class":137},"flags",[66,18653,163],{"class":80},[57,18655,18657],{"className":59,"code":18656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18658,18659,18704],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18660,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18678,18680,18682,18684,18687,18689,18691,18693,18696,18698,18700,18702],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18662,5359],{"class":72},[66,18664,77],{"class":76},[66,18666,9462],{"class":173},[66,18668,50],{"class":80},[66,18670,17547],{"class":137},[66,18672,199],{"class":80},[66,18674,85],{"class":84},[66,18676,18677],{"class":88},"math",[66,18679,85],{"class":84},[66,18681,105],{"class":80},[66,18683,97],{"class":84},[66,18685,18686],{"class":88},"science",[66,18688,85],{"class":84},[66,18690,105],{"class":80},[66,18692,97],{"class":84},[66,18694,18695],{"class":88},"history",[66,18697,85],{"class":84},[66,18699,18323],{"class":80},[66,18701,4127],{"class":117},[66,18703,163],{"class":80},[66,18705,18706,18708,18710,18712],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,18707,155],{"class":154},[66,18709,158],{"class":80},[66,18711,16663],{"class":137},[66,18713,163],{"class":80},[20,18715,18716,18717,18719],{},"It is ",[185,18718,4926],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18721,18722,18725],{},[33,18723,18724],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18726,18727],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[52,18729,18731,18733],{"id":18730},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18732,17483],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18735,18736,18738],{},[15,18737,17483],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1430,18740,1848,18742],{"id":18741},"using-fromkeys",[15,18743,17483],{},[57,18745,18747],{"className":59,"code":18746,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18748,18749,18794],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18750,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18768,18770,18772,18774,18777,18779,18781,18783,18786,18788,18790,18792],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18752,14102],{"class":72},[66,18754,77],{"class":76},[66,18756,9462],{"class":173},[66,18758,50],{"class":80},[66,18760,17547],{"class":137},[66,18762,199],{"class":80},[66,18764,85],{"class":84},[66,18766,18767],{"class":88},"sound",[66,18769,85],{"class":84},[66,18771,105],{"class":80},[66,18773,97],{"class":84},[66,18775,18776],{"class":88},"music",[66,18778,85],{"class":84},[66,18780,105],{"class":80},[66,18782,97],{"class":84},[66,18784,18785],{"class":88},"notifications",[66,18787,85],{"class":84},[66,18789,18323],{"class":80},[66,18791,4208],{"class":4146},[66,18793,163],{"class":80},[66,18795,18796,18798,18800,18802],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,18797,155],{"class":154},[66,18799,158],{"class":80},[66,18801,14161],{"class":137},[66,18803,163],{"class":80},[1430,18805,18807],{"id":18806},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[57,18809,18811],{"className":59,"code":18810,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18812,18813,18821,18835,18849,18861,18865],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18814,18815,18817,18819],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18816,14102],{"class":72},[66,18818,77],{"class":76},[66,18820,11774],{"class":80},[66,18822,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,18824,11779],{"class":84},[66,18826,18767],{"class":88},[66,18828,85],{"class":84},[66,18830,94],{"class":80},[66,18832,4208],{"class":4146},[66,18834,11795],{"class":80},[66,18836,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,18838,11779],{"class":84},[66,18840,18776],{"class":88},[66,18842,85],{"class":84},[66,18844,94],{"class":80},[66,18846,4199],{"class":4146},[66,18848,11795],{"class":80},[66,18850,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,18852,11779],{"class":84},[66,18854,18785],{"class":88},[66,18856,85],{"class":84},[66,18858,94],{"class":80},[66,18860,6715],{"class":4146},[66,18862,18863],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,18864,121],{"class":80},[66,18866,18867,18869,18871,18873],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,18868,155],{"class":154},[66,18870,158],{"class":80},[66,18872,14161],{"class":137},[66,18874,163],{"class":80},[20,18876,18877],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1430,18879,18881],{"id":18880},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[57,18883,18885],{"className":59,"code":18884,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18886,18887,18919,18943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18888,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18890,127],{"class":72},[66,18892,77],{"class":76},[66,18894,1711],{"class":80},[66,18896,85],{"class":84},[66,18898,652],{"class":88},[66,18900,85],{"class":84},[66,18902,105],{"class":80},[66,18904,97],{"class":84},[66,18906,1903],{"class":88},[66,18908,85],{"class":84},[66,18910,105],{"class":80},[66,18912,97],{"class":84},[66,18914,10027],{"class":88},[66,18916,85],{"class":84},[66,18918,240],{"class":80},[66,18920,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,18922,472],{"class":72},[66,18924,77],{"class":76},[66,18926,81],{"class":80},[66,18928,1086],{"class":72},[66,18930,94],{"class":80},[66,18932,18465],{"class":80},[66,18934,4171],{"class":1060},[66,18936,1064],{"class":72},[66,18938,1067],{"class":1060},[66,18940,18474],{"class":72},[66,18942,121],{"class":80},[66,18944,18945,18947,18949,18951],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,18946,155],{"class":154},[66,18948,158],{"class":80},[66,18950,535],{"class":137},[66,18952,163],{"class":80},[20,18954,1815],{},[30,18956,18957,18962,18965],{},[33,18958,18959,18961],{},[15,18960,17483],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18963,18964],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18966,18967],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18969,18970,18971,50],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[652,18972,974,18973,978],{"href":14309},[15,18974,15228],{},[52,18976,1838],{"id":1837},[20,18978,15009,18979,50],{},[15,18980,17488],{},[1430,18982,18984],{"id":18983},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[57,18986,18988],{"className":59,"code":18987,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18989,18990,19023,19046],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,18991,18992,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,18993,18994],{"class":72},"d ",[66,18996,77],{"class":76},[66,18998,9462],{"class":173},[66,19000,50],{"class":80},[66,19002,17547],{"class":137},[66,19004,199],{"class":80},[66,19006,85],{"class":84},[66,19008,652],{"class":88},[66,19010,85],{"class":84},[66,19012,105],{"class":80},[66,19014,97],{"class":84},[66,19016,1903],{"class":88},[66,19018,85],{"class":84},[66,19020,18323],{"class":80},[66,19022,18257],{"class":80},[66,19024,19025,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19026,19027],{"class":72},"d",[66,19029,223],{"class":80},[66,19031,85],{"class":84},[66,19033,652],{"class":88},[66,19035,85],{"class":84},[66,19037,13827],{"class":80},[66,19039,13830],{"class":137},[66,19041,158],{"class":80},[66,19043,1714],{"class":117},[66,19045,163],{"class":80},[66,19047,19048,19050,19052,19054],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,19049,155],{"class":154},[66,19051,158],{"class":80},[66,19053,19027],{"class":137},[66,19055,163],{"class":80},[20,19057,187],{},[57,19059,19061],{"className":59,"code":19060,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19062,19063],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19064,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19066,9569],{"class":80},[66,19068,202],{"class":84},[66,19070,652],{"class":88},[66,19072,202],{"class":84},[66,19074,94],{"class":80},[66,19076,1711],{"class":80},[66,19078,1714],{"class":117},[66,19080,18323],{"class":80},[66,19082,211],{"class":84},[66,19084,1903],{"class":88},[66,19086,202],{"class":84},[66,19088,94],{"class":80},[66,19090,1711],{"class":80},[66,19092,1714],{"class":117},[66,19094,13982],{"class":80},[20,19096,19097],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19099,19100],{},"Use this instead:",[57,19102,19104],{"className":59,"code":19103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19105,19106,19130,19154],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19107,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19109,127],{"class":72},[66,19111,77],{"class":76},[66,19113,1711],{"class":80},[66,19115,85],{"class":84},[66,19117,652],{"class":88},[66,19119,85],{"class":84},[66,19121,105],{"class":80},[66,19123,97],{"class":84},[66,19125,1903],{"class":88},[66,19127,85],{"class":84},[66,19129,240],{"class":80},[66,19131,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19133,18994],{"class":72},[66,19135,77],{"class":76},[66,19137,81],{"class":80},[66,19139,1086],{"class":72},[66,19141,94],{"class":80},[66,19143,18465],{"class":80},[66,19145,4171],{"class":1060},[66,19147,1064],{"class":72},[66,19149,1067],{"class":1060},[66,19151,18474],{"class":72},[66,19153,121],{"class":80},[66,19155,19156,19158,19160,19162],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,19157,155],{"class":154},[66,19159,158],{"class":80},[66,19161,19027],{"class":137},[66,19163,163],{"class":80},[1430,19165,19167,19168,19170],{"id":19166},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19169,17483],{}," on a list",[20,19172,19173],{},"Wrong idea:",[57,19175,19177],{"className":59,"code":19176,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19178,19179,19211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19180,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19182,127],{"class":72},[66,19184,77],{"class":76},[66,19186,1711],{"class":80},[66,19188,85],{"class":84},[66,19190,652],{"class":88},[66,19192,85],{"class":84},[66,19194,105],{"class":80},[66,19196,97],{"class":84},[66,19198,1903],{"class":88},[66,19200,85],{"class":84},[66,19202,105],{"class":80},[66,19204,97],{"class":84},[66,19206,10027],{"class":88},[66,19208,85],{"class":84},[66,19210,240],{"class":80},[66,19212,19213],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19214,19215],{"class":1945},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19217,19218,19220,19221,19223,19224,50],{},[15,19219,17483],{}," belongs to ",[15,19222,9114],{},", not ",[15,19225,174],{},[20,19227,19228],{},"Correct usage:",[57,19230,19232],{"className":59,"code":19231,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19233,19234,19266,19288],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19235,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19237,127],{"class":72},[66,19239,77],{"class":76},[66,19241,1711],{"class":80},[66,19243,85],{"class":84},[66,19245,652],{"class":88},[66,19247,85],{"class":84},[66,19249,105],{"class":80},[66,19251,97],{"class":84},[66,19253,1903],{"class":88},[66,19255,85],{"class":84},[66,19257,105],{"class":80},[66,19259,97],{"class":84},[66,19261,10027],{"class":88},[66,19263,85],{"class":84},[66,19265,240],{"class":80},[66,19267,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19269,18994],{"class":72},[66,19271,77],{"class":76},[66,19273,9462],{"class":173},[66,19275,50],{"class":80},[66,19277,17547],{"class":137},[66,19279,158],{"class":80},[66,19281,138],{"class":137},[66,19283,105],{"class":80},[66,19285,4127],{"class":117},[66,19287,163],{"class":80},[66,19289,19290,19292,19294,19296],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,19291,155],{"class":154},[66,19293,158],{"class":80},[66,19295,19027],{"class":137},[66,19297,163],{"class":80},[1430,19299,1433,19301,19303],{"id":19300},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19302,17483],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19305,19306,19308],{},[15,19307,17488],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[57,19310,19312],{"className":59,"code":19311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19313,19314,19334,19368,19372,19382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19315,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19317,12367],{"class":72},[66,19319,77],{"class":76},[66,19321,81],{"class":80},[66,19323,85],{"class":84},[66,19325,2471],{"class":88},[66,19327,85],{"class":84},[66,19329,94],{"class":80},[66,19331,1896],{"class":117},[66,19333,121],{"class":80},[66,19335,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19337,13318],{"class":72},[66,19339,77],{"class":76},[66,19341,9462],{"class":173},[66,19343,50],{"class":80},[66,19345,17547],{"class":137},[66,19347,199],{"class":80},[66,19349,85],{"class":84},[66,19351,652],{"class":88},[66,19353,85],{"class":84},[66,19355,105],{"class":80},[66,19357,97],{"class":84},[66,19359,1903],{"class":88},[66,19361,85],{"class":84},[66,19363,18323],{"class":80},[66,19365,4127],{"class":117},[66,19367,163],{"class":80},[66,19369,19370],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,19371,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,19373,19374,19376,19378,19380],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,19375,155],{"class":154},[66,19377,158],{"class":80},[66,19379,12414],{"class":137},[66,19381,163],{"class":80},[66,19383,19384,19386,19388,19391],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,19385,155],{"class":154},[66,19387,158],{"class":80},[66,19389,19390],{"class":137},"new_dict",[66,19392,163],{"class":80},[20,19394,187],{},[57,19396,19398],{"className":59,"code":19397,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19399,19400,19416],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19401,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19403,9569],{"class":80},[66,19405,202],{"class":84},[66,19407,2471],{"class":88},[66,19409,202],{"class":84},[66,19411,94],{"class":80},[66,19413,1896],{"class":117},[66,19415,121],{"class":80},[66,19417,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19419,9569],{"class":80},[66,19421,202],{"class":84},[66,19423,652],{"class":88},[66,19425,202],{"class":84},[66,19427,94],{"class":80},[66,19429,4127],{"class":117},[66,19431,105],{"class":80},[66,19433,211],{"class":84},[66,19435,1903],{"class":88},[66,19437,202],{"class":84},[66,19439,94],{"class":80},[66,19441,4127],{"class":117},[66,19443,121],{"class":80},[20,19445,19446,19447,50],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[652,19448,974,19449,978],{"href":14309},[15,19450,15228],{},[1430,19452,19454,19455],{"id":19453},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19456,4071],{},[57,19458,19460],{"className":59,"code":19459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19461,19462,19492],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19463,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19465,18994],{"class":72},[66,19467,77],{"class":76},[66,19469,9462],{"class":173},[66,19471,50],{"class":80},[66,19473,17547],{"class":137},[66,19475,199],{"class":80},[66,19477,85],{"class":84},[66,19479,2471],{"class":88},[66,19481,85],{"class":84},[66,19483,105],{"class":80},[66,19485,97],{"class":84},[66,19487,12026],{"class":88},[66,19489,85],{"class":84},[66,19491,218],{"class":80},[66,19493,19494,19496,19498,19500],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19495,155],{"class":154},[66,19497,158],{"class":80},[66,19499,19027],{"class":137},[66,19501,163],{"class":80},[20,19503,187],{},[57,19505,19507],{"className":59,"code":19506,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19508,19509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19510,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19512,9569],{"class":80},[66,19514,202],{"class":84},[66,19516,2471],{"class":88},[66,19518,202],{"class":84},[66,19520,94],{"class":80},[66,19522,4147],{"class":4146},[66,19524,105],{"class":80},[66,19526,211],{"class":84},[66,19528,12026],{"class":88},[66,19530,202],{"class":84},[66,19532,94],{"class":80},[66,19534,4147],{"class":4146},[66,19536,121],{"class":80},[20,19538,19539,19540,50],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19541,4071],{},[52,19543,19545],{"id":19544},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19547,19548,19549,19551],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19550,17483],{}," works.",[57,19553,19555],{"className":59,"code":19554,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19556,19557],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19558,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19560,155],{"class":154},[66,19562,158],{"class":80},[66,19564,9114],{"class":173},[66,19566,50],{"class":80},[66,19568,17547],{"class":137},[66,19570,199],{"class":80},[66,19572,85],{"class":84},[66,19574,652],{"class":88},[66,19576,85],{"class":84},[66,19578,105],{"class":80},[66,19580,97],{"class":84},[66,19582,1903],{"class":88},[66,19584,85],{"class":84},[66,19586,18323],{"class":80},[66,19588,4127],{"class":117},[66,19590,181],{"class":80},[57,19592,19593],{"className":59,"code":19459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,19594,19595,19625],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19596,19597,19599,19601,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19598,18994],{"class":72},[66,19600,77],{"class":76},[66,19602,9462],{"class":173},[66,19604,50],{"class":80},[66,19606,17547],{"class":137},[66,19608,199],{"class":80},[66,19610,85],{"class":84},[66,19612,2471],{"class":88},[66,19614,85],{"class":84},[66,19616,105],{"class":80},[66,19618,97],{"class":84},[66,19620,12026],{"class":88},[66,19622,85],{"class":84},[66,19624,218],{"class":80},[66,19626,19627,19629,19631,19633],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19628,155],{"class":154},[66,19630,158],{"class":80},[66,19632,19027],{"class":137},[66,19634,163],{"class":80},[57,19636,19637],{"className":59,"code":18987,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,19638,19639,19671,19693],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19640,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19642,18994],{"class":72},[66,19644,77],{"class":76},[66,19646,9462],{"class":173},[66,19648,50],{"class":80},[66,19650,17547],{"class":137},[66,19652,199],{"class":80},[66,19654,85],{"class":84},[66,19656,652],{"class":88},[66,19658,85],{"class":84},[66,19660,105],{"class":80},[66,19662,97],{"class":84},[66,19664,1903],{"class":88},[66,19666,85],{"class":84},[66,19668,18323],{"class":80},[66,19670,18257],{"class":80},[66,19672,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19674,19027],{"class":72},[66,19676,223],{"class":80},[66,19678,85],{"class":84},[66,19680,652],{"class":88},[66,19682,85],{"class":84},[66,19684,13827],{"class":80},[66,19686,13830],{"class":137},[66,19688,158],{"class":80},[66,19690,1714],{"class":117},[66,19692,163],{"class":80},[66,19694,19695,19697,19699,19701],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,19696,155],{"class":154},[66,19698,158],{"class":80},[66,19700,19027],{"class":137},[66,19702,163],{"class":80},[57,19704,19706],{"className":59,"code":19705,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19707,19708],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19709,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19711,155],{"class":154},[66,19713,158],{"class":80},[66,19715,912],{"class":173},[66,19717,158],{"class":80},[66,19719,9114],{"class":173},[66,19721,50],{"class":80},[66,19723,17547],{"class":137},[66,19725,199],{"class":80},[66,19727,1714],{"class":117},[66,19729,105],{"class":80},[66,19731,1719],{"class":117},[66,19733,105],{"class":80},[66,19735,1724],{"class":117},[66,19737,18323],{"class":80},[66,19739,97],{"class":84},[66,19741,2771],{"class":88},[66,19743,85],{"class":84},[66,19745,3210],{"class":80},[52,19747,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,19749,12986,19751,19753],{"id":19750},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19752,17483],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19755,19756],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1430,19758,19760],{"id":19759},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19762,19763,19764,50],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19765,4071],{},[1430,19767,19769],{"id":19768},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19771,19772],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1430,19774,19776],{"id":19775},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19778,18413],{},[57,19780,19782],{"className":59,"code":19781,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19783,19784,19816],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19785,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19787,127],{"class":72},[66,19789,77],{"class":76},[66,19791,1711],{"class":80},[66,19793,85],{"class":84},[66,19795,652],{"class":88},[66,19797,85],{"class":84},[66,19799,105],{"class":80},[66,19801,97],{"class":84},[66,19803,1903],{"class":88},[66,19805,85],{"class":84},[66,19807,105],{"class":80},[66,19809,97],{"class":84},[66,19811,10027],{"class":88},[66,19813,85],{"class":84},[66,19815,240],{"class":80},[66,19817,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19819,472],{"class":72},[66,19821,77],{"class":76},[66,19823,81],{"class":80},[66,19825,1086],{"class":72},[66,19827,94],{"class":80},[66,19829,18465],{"class":80},[66,19831,4171],{"class":1060},[66,19833,1064],{"class":72},[66,19835,1067],{"class":1060},[66,19837,18474],{"class":72},[66,19839,121],{"class":80},[52,19841,2183],{"id":2182},[30,19843,19844,19848,19852,19856,19862],{},[33,19845,19846],{},[652,19847,11526],{"href":13306},[33,19849,19850],{},[652,19851,9448],{"href":13303},[33,19853,19854],{},[652,19855,11535],{"href":18164},[33,19857,19858],{},[652,19859,974,19860,978],{"href":14309},[15,19861,15228],{},[33,19863,19864],{},[652,19865,974,19866,978],{"href":15273},[15,19867,13059],{},[20,19869,243,19870,19872],{},[15,19871,17488],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2222,19874,19875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":19877},[19878,19879,19881,19885,19886,19888,19893,19895,19902,19911,19912,19919],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":17586,"depth":124,"text":19880},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17630,"depth":124,"text":17631,"children":19882},[19883,19884],{"id":17657,"depth":144,"text":17658},{"id":792,"depth":144,"text":793},{"id":458,"depth":124,"text":459},{"id":17839,"depth":124,"text":19887},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18168,"depth":124,"text":18169,"children":19889},[19890,19891,19892],{"id":18198,"depth":144,"text":18199},{"id":18361,"depth":144,"text":18362},{"id":18409,"depth":144,"text":18410},{"id":18572,"depth":124,"text":19894},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18730,"depth":124,"text":19896,"children":19897},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19898,19900,19901],{"id":18741,"depth":144,"text":19899},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18806,"depth":144,"text":18807},{"id":18880,"depth":144,"text":18881},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":19903},[19904,19905,19907,19909],{"id":18983,"depth":144,"text":18984},{"id":19166,"depth":144,"text":19906},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19300,"depth":144,"text":19908},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19453,"depth":144,"text":19910},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19544,"depth":124,"text":19545},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":19913},[19914,19916,19917,19918],{"id":19750,"depth":144,"text":19915},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19759,"depth":144,"text":19760},{"id":19768,"depth":144,"text":19769},{"id":19775,"depth":144,"text":19776},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17475,"description":19920},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19927,"title":19928,"body":19929,"description":21756,"extension":2260,"meta":21757,"navigation":147,"path":21758,"seo":21759,"stem":21760,"__hash__":21761},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19930,"toc":21723},[19931,19936,19942,19953,20083,20090,20095,20099,20115,20117,20214,20217,20234,20238,20240,20245,20283,20286,20304,20306,20424,20429,20433,20449,20452,20588,20591,20596,20602,20605,20642,20645,20649,20654,20730,20734,20739,20821,20823,20839,20844,20848,20854,20923,20926,20943,20946,21028,21034,21037,21057,21061,21066,21072,21078,21149,21152,21158,21161,21235,21242,21248,21256,21266,21268,21363,21369,21374,21460,21465,21467,21472,21494,21497,21592,21595,21626,21639,21641,21649,21655,21661,21664,21670,21675,21682,21687,21689,21720],[10,19932,13,19934,18],{"id":19933},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19935,11024],{},[20,19937,19938,19939,19941],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19940,11024],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19943,19944,19945,2487,19948,2695,19950,19952],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19946,19947],{},"KeyError",[15,19949,11024],{},[15,19951,4071],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[57,19954,19956],{"className":59,"code":19955,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19957,19958,19994,19998,20024,20049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,19959,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,19961,291],{"class":72},[66,19963,77],{"class":76},[66,19965,81],{"class":80},[66,19967,85],{"class":84},[66,19969,89],{"class":88},[66,19971,85],{"class":84},[66,19973,94],{"class":80},[66,19975,97],{"class":84},[66,19977,100],{"class":88},[66,19979,85],{"class":84},[66,19981,105],{"class":80},[66,19983,97],{"class":84},[66,19985,110],{"class":88},[66,19987,85],{"class":84},[66,19989,94],{"class":80},[66,19991,323],{"class":117},[66,19993,121],{"class":80},[66,19995,19996],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,19997,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,19999,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,20001,155],{"class":154},[66,20003,158],{"class":80},[66,20005,338],{"class":137},[66,20007,50],{"class":80},[66,20009,20010],{"class":137},"get",[66,20012,158],{"class":80},[66,20014,85],{"class":84},[66,20016,89],{"class":88},[66,20018,85],{"class":84},[66,20020,5658],{"class":80},[66,20022,20023],{"class":1945},"           # Ana\n",[66,20025,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,20027,155],{"class":154},[66,20029,158],{"class":80},[66,20031,338],{"class":137},[66,20033,50],{"class":80},[66,20035,20010],{"class":137},[66,20037,158],{"class":80},[66,20039,85],{"class":84},[66,20041,360],{"class":88},[66,20043,85],{"class":84},[66,20045,5658],{"class":80},[66,20047,20048],{"class":1945},"           # None\n",[66,20050,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20076,20078,20080],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,20052,155],{"class":154},[66,20054,158],{"class":80},[66,20056,338],{"class":137},[66,20058,50],{"class":80},[66,20060,20010],{"class":137},[66,20062,158],{"class":80},[66,20064,85],{"class":84},[66,20066,360],{"class":88},[66,20068,85],{"class":84},[66,20070,105],{"class":80},[66,20072,97],{"class":84},[66,20074,20075],{"class":88},"N\u002FA",[66,20077,85],{"class":84},[66,20079,5658],{"class":80},[66,20081,20082],{"class":1945},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20084,243,20085,20087,20088,50],{},[15,20086,11024],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20089,19947],{},[52,20091,250,20093,253],{"id":20092},"what-get-does",[15,20094,11024],{},[20,20096,2277,20097,11695],{},[15,20098,11024],{},[30,20100,20101,20104,20109,20112],{},[33,20102,20103],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,20105,11706,20106,20108],{},[15,20107,4071],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,20110,20111],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,20113,20114],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20116,281],{},[57,20118,20120],{"className":59,"code":20119,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20121,20122,20160,20164,20189],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20123,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20125,73],{"class":72},[66,20127,77],{"class":76},[66,20129,81],{"class":80},[66,20131,85],{"class":84},[66,20133,89],{"class":88},[66,20135,85],{"class":84},[66,20137,94],{"class":80},[66,20139,97],{"class":84},[66,20141,20142],{"class":88},"Lina",[66,20144,85],{"class":84},[66,20146,105],{"class":80},[66,20148,97],{"class":84},[66,20150,509],{"class":88},[66,20152,85],{"class":84},[66,20154,94],{"class":80},[66,20156,20157],{"class":117}," 90",[66,20159,121],{"class":80},[66,20161,20162],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20163,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,20165,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,20167,155],{"class":154},[66,20169,158],{"class":80},[66,20171,733],{"class":137},[66,20173,50],{"class":80},[66,20175,20010],{"class":137},[66,20177,158],{"class":80},[66,20179,85],{"class":84},[66,20181,89],{"class":88},[66,20183,85],{"class":84},[66,20185,5658],{"class":80},[66,20187,20188],{"class":1945},"     # Lina\n",[66,20190,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,20192,155],{"class":154},[66,20194,158],{"class":80},[66,20196,733],{"class":137},[66,20198,50],{"class":80},[66,20200,20010],{"class":137},[66,20202,158],{"class":80},[66,20204,85],{"class":84},[66,20206,15533],{"class":88},[66,20208,85],{"class":84},[66,20210,5658],{"class":80},[66,20212,20213],{"class":1945},"    # None\n",[20,20215,20216],{},"In this example:",[30,20218,20219,20224],{},[33,20220,20221,20223],{},[15,20222,15514],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,20225,20226,20229,20230,2695,20232],{},[15,20227,20228],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20231,11024],{},[15,20233,4071],{},[20,20235,13300,20236,50],{},[652,20237,9448],{"href":9447},[52,20239,2455],{"id":2454},[20,20241,20242,20243,94],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20244,11024],{},[57,20246,20248],{"className":59,"code":20247,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20249,20250,20264],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20251,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20253,15878],{"class":72},[66,20255,50],{"class":80},[66,20257,20010],{"class":137},[66,20259,158],{"class":80},[66,20261,1086],{"class":137},[66,20263,163],{"class":80},[66,20265,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20281],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20267,15878],{"class":72},[66,20269,50],{"class":80},[66,20271,20010],{"class":137},[66,20273,158],{"class":80},[66,20275,1086],{"class":137},[66,20277,105],{"class":80},[66,20279,20280],{"class":137}," default_value",[66,20282,163],{"class":80},[20,20284,20285],{},"What each part means:",[30,20287,20288,20293,20299],{},[33,20289,20290,20292],{},[15,20291,1086],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,20294,20295,20298],{},[15,20296,20297],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,20300,20301,20302],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20303,4071],{},[20,20305,281],{},[57,20307,20309],{"className":59,"code":20308,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20310,20311,20335,20339,20364,20390],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20312,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20314,14102],{"class":72},[66,20316,77],{"class":76},[66,20318,81],{"class":80},[66,20320,85],{"class":84},[66,20322,12776],{"class":88},[66,20324,85],{"class":84},[66,20326,94],{"class":80},[66,20328,97],{"class":84},[66,20330,12785],{"class":88},[66,20332,85],{"class":84},[66,20334,121],{"class":80},[66,20336,20337],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20338,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,20340,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,20342,155],{"class":154},[66,20344,158],{"class":80},[66,20346,14161],{"class":137},[66,20348,50],{"class":80},[66,20350,20010],{"class":137},[66,20352,158],{"class":80},[66,20354,85],{"class":84},[66,20356,12776],{"class":88},[66,20358,85],{"class":84},[66,20360,5658],{"class":80},[66,20362,20363],{"class":1945},"            # dark\n",[66,20365,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20383,20385,20387],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,20367,155],{"class":154},[66,20369,158],{"class":80},[66,20371,14161],{"class":137},[66,20373,50],{"class":80},[66,20375,20010],{"class":137},[66,20377,158],{"class":80},[66,20379,85],{"class":84},[66,20381,20382],{"class":88},"language",[66,20384,85],{"class":84},[66,20386,5658],{"class":80},[66,20388,20389],{"class":1945},"         # None\n",[66,20391,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20417,20419,20421],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,20393,155],{"class":154},[66,20395,158],{"class":80},[66,20397,14161],{"class":137},[66,20399,50],{"class":80},[66,20401,20010],{"class":137},[66,20403,158],{"class":80},[66,20405,85],{"class":84},[66,20407,20382],{"class":88},[66,20409,85],{"class":84},[66,20411,105],{"class":80},[66,20413,97],{"class":84},[66,20415,20416],{"class":88},"en",[66,20418,85],{"class":84},[66,20420,5658],{"class":80},[66,20422,20423],{"class":1945},"   # en\n",[52,20425,1154,20427],{"id":20426},"when-to-use-get",[15,20428,11024],{},[20,20430,243,20431,1161],{},[15,20432,11024],{},[30,20434,20435,20438,20443,20446],{},[33,20436,20437],{},"A key might not exist",[33,20439,20440,20441],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20442,19947],{},[33,20444,20445],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,20447,20448],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20450,20451],{},"Example with optional user data:",[57,20453,20455],{"className":59,"code":20454,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20456,20457,20499,20503,20528,20554],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20458,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20495,20497],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20460,11769],{"class":72},[66,20462,77],{"class":76},[66,20464,81],{"class":80},[66,20466,85],{"class":84},[66,20468,8279],{"class":88},[66,20470,85],{"class":84},[66,20472,94],{"class":80},[66,20474,97],{"class":84},[66,20476,20477],{"class":88},"sam",[66,20479,85],{"class":84},[66,20481,105],{"class":80},[66,20483,97],{"class":84},[66,20485,15533],{"class":88},[66,20487,85],{"class":84},[66,20489,94],{"class":80},[66,20491,97],{"class":84},[66,20493,20494],{"class":88},"sam@example.com",[66,20496,85],{"class":84},[66,20498,121],{"class":80},[66,20500,20501],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20502,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,20504,20505,20507,20509,20511,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,20506,155],{"class":154},[66,20508,158],{"class":80},[66,20510,11863],{"class":137},[66,20512,50],{"class":80},[66,20514,20010],{"class":137},[66,20516,158],{"class":80},[66,20518,85],{"class":84},[66,20520,8279],{"class":88},[66,20522,85],{"class":84},[66,20524,5658],{"class":80},[66,20526,20527],{"class":1945},"              # sam\n",[66,20529,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20547,20549,20551],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,20531,155],{"class":154},[66,20533,158],{"class":80},[66,20535,11863],{"class":137},[66,20537,50],{"class":80},[66,20539,20010],{"class":137},[66,20541,158],{"class":80},[66,20543,85],{"class":84},[66,20545,20546],{"class":88},"phone",[66,20548,85],{"class":84},[66,20550,5658],{"class":80},[66,20552,20553],{"class":1945},"                 # None\n",[66,20555,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20581,20583,20585],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,20557,155],{"class":154},[66,20559,158],{"class":80},[66,20561,11863],{"class":137},[66,20563,50],{"class":80},[66,20565,20010],{"class":137},[66,20567,158],{"class":80},[66,20569,85],{"class":84},[66,20571,20546],{"class":88},[66,20573,85],{"class":84},[66,20575,105],{"class":80},[66,20577,97],{"class":84},[66,20579,20580],{"class":88},"Not provided",[66,20582,85],{"class":84},[66,20584,5658],{"class":80},[66,20586,20587],{"class":1945}," # Not provided\n",[20,20589,20590],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20592,20593,20594,50],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[652,20595,16872],{"href":16871},[52,20597,20599,20601],{"id":20598},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20600,11024],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20603,20604],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[57,20606,20608],{"className":59,"code":20607,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20609,20610,20624],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20611,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20613,535],{"class":72},[66,20615,223],{"class":80},[66,20617,85],{"class":84},[66,20619,1086],{"class":88},[66,20621,85],{"class":84},[66,20623,240],{"class":80},[66,20625,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20627,535],{"class":72},[66,20629,50],{"class":80},[66,20631,20010],{"class":137},[66,20633,158],{"class":80},[66,20635,85],{"class":84},[66,20637,1086],{"class":88},[66,20639,85],{"class":84},[66,20641,163],{"class":80},[20,20643,20644],{},"The difference is important.",[1430,20646,20648],{"id":20647},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20650,20651,20652,50],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20653,19947],{},[57,20655,20657],{"className":59,"code":20656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20658,20659,20683,20687,20709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20660,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20662,472],{"class":72},[66,20664,77],{"class":76},[66,20666,81],{"class":80},[66,20668,85],{"class":84},[66,20670,89],{"class":88},[66,20672,85],{"class":84},[66,20674,94],{"class":80},[66,20676,97],{"class":84},[66,20678,100],{"class":88},[66,20680,85],{"class":84},[66,20682,121],{"class":80},[66,20684,20685],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20686,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,20688,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703,20706],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,20690,155],{"class":154},[66,20692,158],{"class":80},[66,20694,535],{"class":137},[66,20696,223],{"class":80},[66,20698,85],{"class":84},[66,20700,89],{"class":88},[66,20702,85],{"class":84},[66,20704,20705],{"class":80},"])",[66,20707,20708],{"class":1945},"   # Ana\n",[66,20710,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,20712,155],{"class":154},[66,20714,158],{"class":80},[66,20716,535],{"class":137},[66,20718,223],{"class":80},[66,20720,85],{"class":84},[66,20722,360],{"class":88},[66,20724,85],{"class":84},[66,20726,20705],{"class":80},[66,20728,20729],{"class":1945},"   # KeyError\n",[1430,20731,20732],{"id":20010},[15,20733,11024],{},[20,20735,20736,20738],{},[15,20737,11024],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[57,20740,20742],{"className":59,"code":20741,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20743,20744,20768,20772,20796],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20745,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20747,472],{"class":72},[66,20749,77],{"class":76},[66,20751,81],{"class":80},[66,20753,85],{"class":84},[66,20755,89],{"class":88},[66,20757,85],{"class":84},[66,20759,94],{"class":80},[66,20761,97],{"class":84},[66,20763,100],{"class":88},[66,20765,85],{"class":84},[66,20767,121],{"class":80},[66,20769,20770],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20771,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,20773,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,20775,155],{"class":154},[66,20777,158],{"class":80},[66,20779,535],{"class":137},[66,20781,50],{"class":80},[66,20783,20010],{"class":137},[66,20785,158],{"class":80},[66,20787,85],{"class":84},[66,20789,89],{"class":88},[66,20791,85],{"class":84},[66,20793,5658],{"class":80},[66,20795,20708],{"class":1945},[66,20797,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,20799,155],{"class":154},[66,20801,158],{"class":80},[66,20803,535],{"class":137},[66,20805,50],{"class":80},[66,20807,20010],{"class":137},[66,20809,158],{"class":80},[66,20811,85],{"class":84},[66,20813,360],{"class":88},[66,20815,85],{"class":84},[66,20817,5658],{"class":80},[66,20819,20820],{"class":1945},"   # None\n",[20,20822,1815],{},[30,20824,20825,20831],{},[33,20826,20827,20828],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[185,20829,20830],{},"must exist",[33,20832,20833,20835,20836],{},[15,20834,11024],{}," when the key is ",[185,20837,20838],{},"optional",[20,20840,20841,20842,50],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[652,20843,11546],{"href":11358},[52,20845,20847],{"id":20846},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20849,20850,20851,20853],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20852,11024],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[57,20855,20857],{"className":59,"code":20856,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20858,20859,20884,20888],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20860,20861,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20862,20863],{"class":72},"profile ",[66,20865,77],{"class":76},[66,20867,81],{"class":80},[66,20869,85],{"class":84},[66,20871,89],{"class":88},[66,20873,85],{"class":84},[66,20875,94],{"class":80},[66,20877,97],{"class":84},[66,20879,8215],{"class":88},[66,20881,85],{"class":84},[66,20883,121],{"class":80},[66,20885,20886],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20887,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,20889,20890,20892,20894,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20916,20918,20920],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,20891,155],{"class":154},[66,20893,158],{"class":80},[66,20895,20896],{"class":137},"profile",[66,20898,50],{"class":80},[66,20900,20010],{"class":137},[66,20902,158],{"class":80},[66,20904,85],{"class":84},[66,20906,15536],{"class":88},[66,20908,85],{"class":84},[66,20910,105],{"class":80},[66,20912,97],{"class":84},[66,20914,20915],{"class":88},"Unknown",[66,20917,85],{"class":84},[66,20919,5658],{"class":80},[66,20921,20922],{"class":1945},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20924,20925],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20927,20928,20933,20938],{},[33,20929,20930],{},[15,20931,20932],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20934,20935],{},[15,20936,20937],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20939,20940],{},[15,20941,20942],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20944,20945],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[57,20947,20949],{"className":59,"code":20948,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20950,20951,20983,20987,21014],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,20952,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,20954,5359],{"class":72},[66,20956,77],{"class":76},[66,20958,81],{"class":80},[66,20960,85],{"class":84},[66,20962,18677],{"class":88},[66,20964,85],{"class":84},[66,20966,94],{"class":80},[66,20968,6297],{"class":117},[66,20970,105],{"class":80},[66,20972,97],{"class":84},[66,20974,18686],{"class":88},[66,20976,85],{"class":84},[66,20978,94],{"class":80},[66,20980,6652],{"class":117},[66,20982,121],{"class":80},[66,20984,20985],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,20986,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,20988,20989,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,20990,20991],{"class":72},"total_history ",[66,20993,77],{"class":76},[66,20995,5406],{"class":72},[66,20997,50],{"class":80},[66,20999,20010],{"class":137},[66,21001,158],{"class":80},[66,21003,85],{"class":84},[66,21005,18695],{"class":88},[66,21007,85],{"class":84},[66,21009,105],{"class":80},[66,21011,4127],{"class":117},[66,21013,163],{"class":80},[66,21015,21016,21018,21020,21023,21025],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,21017,155],{"class":154},[66,21019,158],{"class":80},[66,21021,21022],{"class":137},"total_history",[66,21024,3954],{"class":80},[66,21026,21027],{"class":1945},"   # 0\n",[20,21029,21030,21031,21033],{},"Here, ",[15,21032,2021],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21035,21036],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,21038,21039,21042,21047,21052],{},[33,21040,21041],{},"Use a string for text",[33,21043,243,21044,21046],{},[15,21045,2021],{}," for numbers",[33,21048,243,21049,21051],{},[15,21050,4080],{}," for lists if needed",[33,21053,243,21054,21056],{},[15,21055,4085],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[52,21058,21060],{"id":21059},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21062,21063,21064,50],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21065,11024],{},[1430,21067,21069,21071],{"id":21068},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21070,11024],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21073,21074,21075,21077],{},"This code does ",[185,21076,4926],{}," create a new key:",[57,21079,21081],{"className":59,"code":21080,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21082,21083,21107,21111,21136],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21084,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21086,291],{"class":72},[66,21088,77],{"class":76},[66,21090,81],{"class":80},[66,21092,85],{"class":84},[66,21094,89],{"class":88},[66,21096,85],{"class":84},[66,21098,94],{"class":80},[66,21100,97],{"class":84},[66,21102,100],{"class":88},[66,21104,85],{"class":84},[66,21106,121],{"class":80},[66,21108,21109],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,21110,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,21112,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,21114,155],{"class":154},[66,21116,158],{"class":80},[66,21118,338],{"class":137},[66,21120,50],{"class":80},[66,21122,20010],{"class":137},[66,21124,158],{"class":80},[66,21126,85],{"class":84},[66,21128,360],{"class":88},[66,21130,85],{"class":84},[66,21132,5658],{"class":80},[66,21134,21135],{"class":1945},"  # None\n",[66,21137,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,21139,155],{"class":154},[66,21141,158],{"class":80},[66,21143,338],{"class":137},[66,21145,3954],{"class":80},[66,21147,21148],{"class":1945},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21150,21151],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1430,21153,21155,21157],{"id":21154},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21156,11024],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21159,21160],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[57,21162,21164],{"className":59,"code":21163,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21165,21166,21192,21196,21222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21167,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176,21179,21181,21183,21185,21188,21190],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21169,14102],{"class":72},[66,21171,77],{"class":76},[66,21173,81],{"class":80},[66,21175,85],{"class":84},[66,21177,21178],{"class":88},"mode",[66,21180,85],{"class":84},[66,21182,94],{"class":80},[66,21184,97],{"class":84},[66,21186,21187],{"class":88},"light",[66,21189,85],{"class":84},[66,21191,121],{"class":80},[66,21193,21194],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,21195,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,21197,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,21199,14161],{"class":72},[66,21201,50],{"class":80},[66,21203,20010],{"class":137},[66,21205,158],{"class":80},[66,21207,85],{"class":84},[66,21209,12776],{"class":88},[66,21211,85],{"class":84},[66,21213,105],{"class":80},[66,21215,97],{"class":84},[66,21217,12785],{"class":88},[66,21219,85],{"class":84},[66,21221,163],{"class":80},[66,21223,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,21225,155],{"class":154},[66,21227,158],{"class":80},[66,21229,14161],{"class":137},[66,21231,3954],{"class":80},[66,21233,21234],{"class":1945},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21236,21237,21238,21241],{},"Even though ",[15,21239,21240],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1430,21243,21245,21246],{"id":21244},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21247,4071],{},[20,21249,21250,21251,2695,21253,21255],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21252,11024],{},[15,21254,4071],{}," because:",[30,21257,21258,21261],{},[33,21259,21260],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,21262,21263,21264],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21265,4071],{},[20,21267,281],{},[57,21269,21271],{"className":59,"code":21270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21272,21273,21310,21314,21338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21274,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21302,21304,21306,21308],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21276,472],{"class":72},[66,21278,77],{"class":76},[66,21280,81],{"class":80},[66,21282,85],{"class":84},[66,21284,89],{"class":88},[66,21286,85],{"class":84},[66,21288,94],{"class":80},[66,21290,97],{"class":84},[66,21292,100],{"class":88},[66,21294,85],{"class":84},[66,21296,105],{"class":80},[66,21298,97],{"class":84},[66,21300,21301],{"class":88},"nickname",[66,21303,85],{"class":84},[66,21305,94],{"class":80},[66,21307,4147],{"class":4146},[66,21309,121],{"class":80},[66,21311,21312],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,21313,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,21315,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,21317,155],{"class":154},[66,21319,158],{"class":80},[66,21321,535],{"class":137},[66,21323,50],{"class":80},[66,21325,20010],{"class":137},[66,21327,158],{"class":80},[66,21329,85],{"class":84},[66,21331,21301],{"class":88},[66,21333,85],{"class":84},[66,21335,5658],{"class":80},[66,21337,21135],{"class":1945},[66,21339,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,21341,155],{"class":154},[66,21343,158],{"class":80},[66,21345,535],{"class":137},[66,21347,50],{"class":80},[66,21349,20010],{"class":137},[66,21351,158],{"class":80},[66,21353,85],{"class":84},[66,21355,360],{"class":88},[66,21357,85],{"class":84},[66,21359,5658],{"class":80},[66,21361,21362],{"class":1945},"      # None\n",[20,21364,21365,21366,21368],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21367,4071],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21370,21371,21372,94],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21373,1067],{},[57,21375,21377],{"className":59,"code":21376,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21378,21379,21415,21419,21439],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21380,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21382,472],{"class":72},[66,21384,77],{"class":76},[66,21386,81],{"class":80},[66,21388,85],{"class":84},[66,21390,89],{"class":88},[66,21392,85],{"class":84},[66,21394,94],{"class":80},[66,21396,97],{"class":84},[66,21398,100],{"class":88},[66,21400,85],{"class":84},[66,21402,105],{"class":80},[66,21404,97],{"class":84},[66,21406,21301],{"class":88},[66,21408,85],{"class":84},[66,21410,94],{"class":80},[66,21412,4147],{"class":4146},[66,21414,121],{"class":80},[66,21416,21417],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,21418,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,21420,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,21422,155],{"class":154},[66,21424,158],{"class":80},[66,21426,85],{"class":84},[66,21428,21301],{"class":88},[66,21430,85],{"class":84},[66,21432,1372],{"class":1060},[66,21434,1920],{"class":137},[66,21436,3954],{"class":80},[66,21438,3957],{"class":1945},[66,21440,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,21442,155],{"class":154},[66,21444,158],{"class":80},[66,21446,85],{"class":84},[66,21448,360],{"class":88},[66,21450,85],{"class":84},[66,21452,1372],{"class":1060},[66,21454,1920],{"class":137},[66,21456,3954],{"class":80},[66,21458,21459],{"class":1945},"      # False\n",[20,21461,21462,21463,50],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[652,21464,1419],{"href":1418},[52,21466,1838],{"id":1837},[20,21468,21469,21470,94],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21471,11024],{},[30,21473,21474,21479,21486,21491],{},[33,21475,21476,21477],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21478,19947],{},[33,21480,5000,21481,2695,21483,21485],{},[15,21482,11024],{},[15,21484,4071],{}," if no default is provided",[33,21487,4875,21488,21490],{},[15,21489,11024],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,21492,21493],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21495,21496],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[57,21498,21500],{"className":59,"code":21499,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21501,21502,21512,21526,21544,21566],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21503,21504,21506,21508,21510],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21505,155],{"class":154},[66,21507,158],{"class":80},[66,21509,672],{"class":137},[66,21511,163],{"class":80},[66,21513,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,21515,155],{"class":154},[66,21517,158],{"class":80},[66,21519,672],{"class":137},[66,21521,50],{"class":80},[66,21523,138],{"class":137},[66,21525,345],{"class":80},[66,21527,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,21529,155],{"class":154},[66,21531,158],{"class":80},[66,21533,202],{"class":84},[66,21535,89],{"class":88},[66,21537,202],{"class":84},[66,21539,1372],{"class":1060},[66,21541,12047],{"class":137},[66,21543,163],{"class":80},[66,21545,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,21547,155],{"class":154},[66,21549,158],{"class":80},[66,21551,672],{"class":137},[66,21553,50],{"class":80},[66,21555,20010],{"class":137},[66,21557,158],{"class":80},[66,21559,202],{"class":84},[66,21561,89],{"class":88},[66,21563,202],{"class":84},[66,21565,181],{"class":80},[66,21567,21568,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584,21586,21588,21590],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,21569,155],{"class":154},[66,21571,158],{"class":80},[66,21573,912],{"class":173},[66,21575,158],{"class":80},[66,21577,672],{"class":137},[66,21579,50],{"class":80},[66,21581,20010],{"class":137},[66,21583,158],{"class":80},[66,21585,202],{"class":84},[66,21587,89],{"class":88},[66,21589,202],{"class":84},[66,21591,3210],{"class":80},[20,21593,21594],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,21596,21597,21602,21608,21614,21620],{},[33,21598,21599,21601],{},[15,21600,12961],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,21603,21604,21607],{},[15,21605,21606],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,21609,21610,21613],{},[15,21611,21612],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,21615,21616,21619],{},[15,21617,21618],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,21621,21622,21625],{},[15,21623,21624],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21627,21628,21629,4688,21634,21638],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[652,21630,21631,21632,978],{"href":17334},"the dictionary ",[15,21633,17],{},[652,21635,21631,21636,978],{"href":982},[15,21637,985],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[52,21640,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,21642,12986,21644,21646,21647,2151],{"id":21643},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21645,11024],{}," raise ",[15,21648,19947],{},[20,21650,21651,21652,21654],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21653,4071],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1430,21656,12986,21658,21660],{"id":21657},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21659,11024],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21662,21663],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1430,21665,21667,21668,2151],{"id":21666},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21669,11024],{},[20,21671,21672,21674],{},[15,21673,4071],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1430,21676,21678,21679,21681],{"id":21677},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21680,11024],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21683,243,21684,21686],{},[15,21685,11024],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[52,21688,2183],{"id":2182},[30,21690,21691,21695,21701,21707,21711,21716],{},[33,21692,21693],{},[652,21694,9448],{"href":9447},[33,21696,21697],{},[652,21698,974,21699,978],{"href":17334},[15,21700,17],{},[33,21702,21703],{},[652,21704,974,21705,978],{"href":982},[15,21706,985],{},[33,21708,21709],{},[652,21710,2213],{"href":1418},[33,21712,21713],{},[652,21714,21715],{"href":16871},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21717,21718],{},[652,21719,11546],{"href":11358},[2222,21721,21722],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":21724},[21725,21727,21728,21730,21735,21736,21744,21745,21755],{"id":20092,"depth":124,"text":21726},"What get() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":20426,"depth":124,"text":21729},"When to use get()",{"id":20598,"depth":124,"text":21731,"children":21732},"get() vs square brackets",[21733,21734],{"id":20647,"depth":144,"text":20648},{"id":20010,"depth":144,"text":11024},{"id":20846,"depth":124,"text":20847},{"id":21059,"depth":124,"text":21060,"children":21737},[21738,21740,21742],{"id":21068,"depth":144,"text":21739},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21154,"depth":144,"text":21741},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21244,"depth":144,"text":21743},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":21746},[21747,21749,21751,21753],{"id":21643,"depth":144,"text":21748},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21657,"depth":144,"text":21750},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21666,"depth":144,"text":21752},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21677,"depth":144,"text":21754},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19928,"description":21756},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21763,"title":21764,"body":21765,"description":24315,"extension":2260,"meta":24316,"navigation":147,"path":24317,"seo":24318,"stem":24319,"__hash__":24320},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21766,"toc":24281},[21767,21772,21778,21784,21786,21867,21871,21888,21893,21898,21903,21905,21919,21921,21984,21988,22028,22036,22038,22040,22055,22057,22070,22072,22151,22155,22221,22223,22227,22234,22236,22247,22249,22359,22363,22442,22448,22454,22459,22571,22575,22607,22610,22717,22723,22730,22734,22737,22839,22843,22904,22907,22910,22921,22930,22933,22950,22952,23051,23055,23130,23133,23155,23160,23165,23182,23184,23305,23309,23343,23345,23350,23357,23367,23369,23447,23450,23521,23531,23534,23566,23569,23608,23614,23621,23624,23715,23719,23800,23806,23809,23812,23917,23920,23923,24045,24049,24052,24119,24123,24160,24166,24168,24173,24178,24184,24191,24197,24200,24239,24245,24248,24250,24278],[10,21768,13,21770,18],{"id":21769},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21771,985],{},[20,21773,2277,21774,21777],{},[15,21775,21776],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21779,21780,21781,21783],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21782,985],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[52,21785,55],{"id":54},[57,21787,21789],{"className":59,"code":21788,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21790,21791,21827,21831,21853],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21792,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21794,291],{"class":72},[66,21796,77],{"class":76},[66,21798,81],{"class":80},[66,21800,85],{"class":84},[66,21802,89],{"class":88},[66,21804,85],{"class":84},[66,21806,94],{"class":80},[66,21808,97],{"class":84},[66,21810,100],{"class":88},[66,21812,85],{"class":84},[66,21814,105],{"class":80},[66,21816,97],{"class":84},[66,21818,110],{"class":88},[66,21820,85],{"class":84},[66,21822,94],{"class":80},[66,21824,323],{"class":117},[66,21826,121],{"class":80},[66,21828,21829],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,21830,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,21832,21833,21835,21838,21840,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,21834,1061],{"class":1060},[66,21836,21837],{"class":72}," key",[66,21839,105],{"class":80},[66,21841,21842],{"class":72}," value ",[66,21844,1067],{"class":1060},[66,21846,13526],{"class":72},[66,21848,50],{"class":80},[66,21850,8103],{"class":137},[66,21852,1076],{"class":80},[66,21854,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,21856,1081],{"class":154},[66,21858,158],{"class":80},[66,21860,1086],{"class":137},[66,21862,105],{"class":80},[66,21864,8726],{"class":137},[66,21866,163],{"class":80},[20,21868,21869],{},[185,21870,187],{},[57,21872,21874],{"className":59,"code":21873,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21875,21876,21881],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21877,21878],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21879,21880],{"class":72},"name Ana\n",[66,21882,21883,21886],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,21884,21885],{"class":72},"age ",[66,21887,3008],{"class":117},[20,21889,243,21890,21892],{},[15,21891,985],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[52,21894,250,21896,253],{"id":21895},"what-items-does",[15,21897,985],{},[20,21899,21900,21902],{},[15,21901,985],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21904,261],{},[30,21906,21907,21913,21916],{},[33,21908,21909,21910],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21911,21912],{},"(key, value)",[33,21914,21915],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21917,21918],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21920,281],{},[57,21922,21924],{"className":59,"code":21923,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21925,21926,21962,21966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21927,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21929,291],{"class":72},[66,21931,77],{"class":76},[66,21933,81],{"class":80},[66,21935,85],{"class":84},[66,21937,89],{"class":88},[66,21939,85],{"class":84},[66,21941,94],{"class":80},[66,21943,97],{"class":84},[66,21945,100],{"class":88},[66,21947,85],{"class":84},[66,21949,105],{"class":80},[66,21951,97],{"class":84},[66,21953,110],{"class":88},[66,21955,85],{"class":84},[66,21957,94],{"class":80},[66,21959,323],{"class":117},[66,21961,121],{"class":80},[66,21963,21964],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,21965,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,21967,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,21969,155],{"class":154},[66,21971,158],{"class":80},[66,21973,174],{"class":173},[66,21975,158],{"class":80},[66,21977,338],{"class":137},[66,21979,50],{"class":80},[66,21981,8103],{"class":137},[66,21983,560],{"class":80},[20,21985,21986],{},[185,21987,187],{},[57,21989,21991],{"className":59,"code":21990,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21992,21993],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,21994,21995,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,21996,21997],{"class":80},"[(",[66,21999,202],{"class":84},[66,22001,89],{"class":88},[66,22003,202],{"class":84},[66,22005,105],{"class":80},[66,22007,211],{"class":84},[66,22009,100],{"class":88},[66,22011,202],{"class":84},[66,22013,9524],{"class":80},[66,22015,9527],{"class":80},[66,22017,202],{"class":84},[66,22019,110],{"class":88},[66,22021,202],{"class":84},[66,22023,105],{"class":80},[66,22025,323],{"class":117},[66,22027,9540],{"class":80},[20,22029,22030,22031,3176,22033,50],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[652,22032,9448],{"href":13303},[652,22034,15299],{"href":22035},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[52,22037,2455],{"id":2454},[20,22039,5729],{},[57,22041,22043],{"className":59,"code":22042,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22044,22045],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22046,22047,22049,22051,22053],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22048,672],{"class":72},[66,22050,50],{"class":80},[66,22052,8103],{"class":137},[66,22054,141],{"class":80},[20,22056,681],{},[30,22058,22059,22064,22067],{},[33,22060,22061,22063],{},[15,22062,985],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,22065,22066],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,22068,22069],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22071,281],{},[57,22073,22075],{"className":59,"code":22074,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22076,22077,22109,22113,22127,22131,22141],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22078,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22080,5359],{"class":72},[66,22082,77],{"class":76},[66,22084,81],{"class":80},[66,22086,85],{"class":84},[66,22088,5299],{"class":88},[66,22090,85],{"class":84},[66,22092,94],{"class":80},[66,22094,20157],{"class":117},[66,22096,105],{"class":80},[66,22098,97],{"class":84},[66,22100,5308],{"class":88},[66,22102,85],{"class":84},[66,22104,94],{"class":80},[66,22106,13784],{"class":117},[66,22108,121],{"class":80},[66,22110,22111],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22112,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22114,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,22116,877],{"class":72},[66,22118,77],{"class":76},[66,22120,5406],{"class":72},[66,22122,50],{"class":80},[66,22124,8103],{"class":137},[66,22126,141],{"class":80},[66,22128,22129],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,22130,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22132,22133,22135,22137,22139],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,22134,155],{"class":154},[66,22136,158],{"class":80},[66,22138,901],{"class":137},[66,22140,163],{"class":80},[66,22142,22143,22145,22147,22149],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,22144,155],{"class":154},[66,22146,158],{"class":80},[66,22148,16663],{"class":137},[66,22150,163],{"class":80},[20,22152,22153],{},[185,22154,187],{},[57,22156,22158],{"className":59,"code":22157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22159,22160,22193],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22161,22162,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22163,22164],{"class":137},"dict_items",[66,22166,9945],{"class":80},[66,22168,202],{"class":84},[66,22170,5299],{"class":88},[66,22172,202],{"class":84},[66,22174,105],{"class":80},[66,22176,20157],{"class":117},[66,22178,9524],{"class":80},[66,22180,9527],{"class":80},[66,22182,202],{"class":84},[66,22184,5308],{"class":88},[66,22186,202],{"class":84},[66,22188,105],{"class":80},[66,22190,13784],{"class":117},[66,22192,10964],{"class":80},[66,22194,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22196,9569],{"class":80},[66,22198,202],{"class":84},[66,22200,5299],{"class":88},[66,22202,202],{"class":84},[66,22204,94],{"class":80},[66,22206,20157],{"class":117},[66,22208,105],{"class":80},[66,22210,211],{"class":84},[66,22212,5308],{"class":88},[66,22214,202],{"class":84},[66,22216,94],{"class":80},[66,22218,13784],{"class":117},[66,22220,121],{"class":80},[20,22222,21151],{},[52,22224,22226],{"id":22225},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22228,22229,638,22231,22233],{},[15,22230,985],{},[15,22232,22164],{}," view object.",[20,22235,2404],{},[30,22237,22238,22241,22244],{},[33,22239,22240],{},"You can loop over it",[33,22242,22243],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,22245,22246],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22248,281],{},[57,22250,22252],{"className":59,"code":22251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22253,22254,22286,22300,22304,22318,22322,22341,22345],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22255,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22257,472],{"class":72},[66,22259,77],{"class":76},[66,22261,81],{"class":80},[66,22263,85],{"class":84},[66,22265,2471],{"class":88},[66,22267,85],{"class":84},[66,22269,94],{"class":80},[66,22271,1896],{"class":117},[66,22273,105],{"class":80},[66,22275,97],{"class":84},[66,22277,12026],{"class":88},[66,22279,85],{"class":84},[66,22281,94],{"class":80},[66,22283,1719],{"class":117},[66,22285,121],{"class":80},[66,22287,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22289,9506],{"class":72},[66,22291,77],{"class":76},[66,22293,1920],{"class":72},[66,22295,50],{"class":80},[66,22297,8103],{"class":137},[66,22299,141],{"class":80},[66,22301,22302],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,22303,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22305,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,22307,155],{"class":154},[66,22309,158],{"class":80},[66,22311,174],{"class":173},[66,22313,158],{"class":80},[66,22315,9553],{"class":137},[66,22317,181],{"class":80},[66,22319,22320],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,22321,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22323,22324,22326,22328,22330,22333,22335,22337,22339],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,22325,535],{"class":72},[66,22327,223],{"class":80},[66,22329,85],{"class":84},[66,22331,22332],{"class":88},"z",[66,22334,85],{"class":84},[66,22336,365],{"class":80},[66,22338,368],{"class":76},[66,22340,2876],{"class":117},[66,22342,22343],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,22344,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22346,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,22348,155],{"class":154},[66,22350,158],{"class":80},[66,22352,174],{"class":173},[66,22354,158],{"class":80},[66,22356,9553],{"class":137},[66,22358,181],{"class":80},[20,22360,22361],{},[185,22362,187],{},[57,22364,22366],{"className":59,"code":22365,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22367,22368,22398],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22369,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22371,21997],{"class":80},[66,22373,202],{"class":84},[66,22375,2471],{"class":88},[66,22377,202],{"class":84},[66,22379,105],{"class":80},[66,22381,1896],{"class":117},[66,22383,9524],{"class":80},[66,22385,9527],{"class":80},[66,22387,202],{"class":84},[66,22389,12026],{"class":88},[66,22391,202],{"class":84},[66,22393,105],{"class":80},[66,22395,1719],{"class":117},[66,22397,9540],{"class":80},[66,22399,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22401,21997],{"class":80},[66,22403,202],{"class":84},[66,22405,2471],{"class":88},[66,22407,202],{"class":84},[66,22409,105],{"class":80},[66,22411,1896],{"class":117},[66,22413,9524],{"class":80},[66,22415,9527],{"class":80},[66,22417,202],{"class":84},[66,22419,12026],{"class":88},[66,22421,202],{"class":84},[66,22423,105],{"class":80},[66,22425,1719],{"class":117},[66,22427,9524],{"class":80},[66,22429,9527],{"class":80},[66,22431,202],{"class":84},[66,22433,22332],{"class":88},[66,22435,202],{"class":84},[66,22437,105],{"class":80},[66,22439,1724],{"class":117},[66,22441,9540],{"class":80},[20,22443,22444,22445,22447],{},"This happens because ",[15,22446,9553],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[52,22449,22451,22452],{"id":22450},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22453,985],{},[20,22455,22456,22457,94],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22458,985],{},[57,22460,22462],{"className":59,"code":22461,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22463,22464,22516,22520,22540],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22465,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22467,73],{"class":72},[66,22469,77],{"class":76},[66,22471,81],{"class":80},[66,22473,85],{"class":84},[66,22475,89],{"class":88},[66,22477,85],{"class":84},[66,22479,94],{"class":80},[66,22481,97],{"class":84},[66,22483,8215],{"class":88},[66,22485,85],{"class":84},[66,22487,105],{"class":80},[66,22489,97],{"class":84},[66,22491,509],{"class":88},[66,22493,85],{"class":84},[66,22495,94],{"class":80},[66,22497,97],{"class":84},[66,22499,518],{"class":88},[66,22501,85],{"class":84},[66,22503,105],{"class":80},[66,22505,97],{"class":84},[66,22507,110],{"class":88},[66,22509,85],{"class":84},[66,22511,94],{"class":80},[66,22513,14134],{"class":117},[66,22515,121],{"class":80},[66,22517,22518],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22519,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22521,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,22523,1061],{"class":1060},[66,22525,21837],{"class":72},[66,22527,105],{"class":80},[66,22529,21842],{"class":72},[66,22531,1067],{"class":1060},[66,22533,132],{"class":72},[66,22535,50],{"class":80},[66,22537,8103],{"class":137},[66,22539,1076],{"class":80},[66,22541,22542,22544,22546,22549,22551,22553,22555,22558,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,22543,1081],{"class":154},[66,22545,158],{"class":80},[66,22547,22548],{"class":957},"f",[66,22550,85],{"class":88},[66,22552,9569],{"class":117},[66,22554,1086],{"class":137},[66,22556,22557],{"class":117},"}",[66,22559,22560],{"class":88},": ",[66,22562,9569],{"class":117},[66,22564,2771],{"class":137},[66,22566,22557],{"class":117},[66,22568,85],{"class":88},[66,22570,163],{"class":80},[20,22572,22573],{},[185,22574,187],{},[57,22576,22578],{"className":59,"code":22577,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22579,22580,22589,22598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22581,22582,22584,22586],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22583,89],{"class":72},[66,22585,94],{"class":80},[66,22587,22588],{"class":72}," Mia\n",[66,22590,22591,22593,22595],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22592,509],{"class":72},[66,22594,94],{"class":80},[66,22596,22597],{"class":72}," A\n",[66,22599,22600,22602,22604],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,22601,110],{"class":72},[66,22603,94],{"class":80},[66,22605,22606],{"class":117}," 14\n",[20,22608,22609],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[57,22611,22613],{"className":59,"code":22612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22614,22615,22667,22671,22683],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22616,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22618,73],{"class":72},[66,22620,77],{"class":76},[66,22622,81],{"class":80},[66,22624,85],{"class":84},[66,22626,89],{"class":88},[66,22628,85],{"class":84},[66,22630,94],{"class":80},[66,22632,97],{"class":84},[66,22634,8215],{"class":88},[66,22636,85],{"class":84},[66,22638,105],{"class":80},[66,22640,97],{"class":84},[66,22642,509],{"class":88},[66,22644,85],{"class":84},[66,22646,94],{"class":80},[66,22648,97],{"class":84},[66,22650,518],{"class":88},[66,22652,85],{"class":84},[66,22654,105],{"class":80},[66,22656,97],{"class":84},[66,22658,110],{"class":88},[66,22660,85],{"class":84},[66,22662,94],{"class":80},[66,22664,14134],{"class":117},[66,22666,121],{"class":80},[66,22668,22669],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22670,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22672,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,22674,1061],{"class":1060},[66,22676,1064],{"class":72},[66,22678,1067],{"class":1060},[66,22680,132],{"class":72},[66,22682,1133],{"class":80},[66,22684,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,22686,1081],{"class":154},[66,22688,158],{"class":80},[66,22690,22548],{"class":957},[66,22692,85],{"class":88},[66,22694,9569],{"class":117},[66,22696,1086],{"class":137},[66,22698,22557],{"class":117},[66,22700,22560],{"class":88},[66,22702,9569],{"class":117},[66,22704,733],{"class":137},[66,22706,223],{"class":80},[66,22708,1086],{"class":137},[66,22710,365],{"class":80},[66,22712,22557],{"class":117},[66,22714,85],{"class":88},[66,22716,163],{"class":80},[20,22718,6803,22719,22722],{},[15,22720,22721],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22724,22725,22726,50],{},"For a full guide, see ",[652,22727,22729],{"href":22728},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[52,22731,22733],{"id":22732},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22735,22736],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[57,22738,22740],{"className":59,"code":22739,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22741,22742,22801,22805,22824,22828],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22743,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22779,22781,22783,22785,22788,22790,22792,22794,22797,22799],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22745,13356],{"class":72},[66,22747,77],{"class":76},[66,22749,81],{"class":80},[66,22751,85],{"class":84},[66,22753,4372],{"class":88},[66,22755,85],{"class":84},[66,22757,94],{"class":80},[66,22759,97],{"class":84},[66,22761,13373],{"class":88},[66,22763,85],{"class":84},[66,22765,105],{"class":80},[66,22767,97],{"class":84},[66,22769,4381],{"class":88},[66,22771,85],{"class":84},[66,22773,94],{"class":80},[66,22775,97],{"class":84},[66,22777,22778],{"class":88},"yellow",[66,22780,85],{"class":84},[66,22782,105],{"class":80},[66,22784,97],{"class":84},[66,22786,22787],{"class":88},"grape",[66,22789,85],{"class":84},[66,22791,94],{"class":80},[66,22793,97],{"class":84},[66,22795,22796],{"class":88},"purple",[66,22798,85],{"class":84},[66,22800,121],{"class":80},[66,22802,22803],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22804,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22806,22807,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,22808,22809],{"class":72},"pairs_list ",[66,22811,77],{"class":76},[66,22813,1656],{"class":173},[66,22815,158],{"class":80},[66,22817,17763],{"class":137},[66,22819,50],{"class":80},[66,22821,8103],{"class":137},[66,22823,345],{"class":80},[66,22825,22826],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,22827,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22829,22830,22832,22834,22837],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,22831,155],{"class":154},[66,22833,158],{"class":80},[66,22835,22836],{"class":137},"pairs_list",[66,22838,163],{"class":80},[20,22840,22841],{},[185,22842,187],{},[57,22844,22846],{"className":59,"code":22845,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22847,22848],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22849,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22851,21997],{"class":80},[66,22853,202],{"class":84},[66,22855,4372],{"class":88},[66,22857,202],{"class":84},[66,22859,105],{"class":80},[66,22861,211],{"class":84},[66,22863,13373],{"class":88},[66,22865,202],{"class":84},[66,22867,9524],{"class":80},[66,22869,9527],{"class":80},[66,22871,202],{"class":84},[66,22873,4381],{"class":88},[66,22875,202],{"class":84},[66,22877,105],{"class":80},[66,22879,211],{"class":84},[66,22881,22778],{"class":88},[66,22883,202],{"class":84},[66,22885,9524],{"class":80},[66,22887,9527],{"class":80},[66,22889,202],{"class":84},[66,22891,22787],{"class":88},[66,22893,202],{"class":84},[66,22895,105],{"class":80},[66,22897,211],{"class":84},[66,22899,22796],{"class":88},[66,22901,202],{"class":84},[66,22903,9540],{"class":80},[20,22905,22906],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22908,22909],{},"Use this when:",[30,22911,22912,22915,22918],{},[33,22913,22914],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22916,22917],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22919,22920],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[52,22922,22924,10871,22926,10871,22928],{"id":22923},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22925,985],{},[15,22927,17],{},[15,22929,977],{},[20,22931,22932],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22934,22935,22940,22945],{},[33,22936,22937,22939],{},[15,22938,985],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22941,22942,22944],{},[15,22943,17],{}," gives only keys",[33,22946,22947,22949],{},[15,22948,977],{}," gives only values",[20,22951,281],{},[57,22953,22955],{"className":59,"code":22954,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22956,22957,22993,22997,23015,23033],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,22958,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,22960,291],{"class":72},[66,22962,77],{"class":76},[66,22964,81],{"class":80},[66,22966,85],{"class":84},[66,22968,89],{"class":88},[66,22970,85],{"class":84},[66,22972,94],{"class":80},[66,22974,97],{"class":84},[66,22976,100],{"class":88},[66,22978,85],{"class":84},[66,22980,105],{"class":80},[66,22982,97],{"class":84},[66,22984,110],{"class":88},[66,22986,85],{"class":84},[66,22988,94],{"class":80},[66,22990,323],{"class":117},[66,22992,121],{"class":80},[66,22994,22995],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,22996,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,22998,22999,23001,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23000,155],{"class":154},[66,23002,158],{"class":80},[66,23004,174],{"class":173},[66,23006,158],{"class":80},[66,23008,338],{"class":137},[66,23010,50],{"class":80},[66,23012,138],{"class":137},[66,23014,560],{"class":80},[66,23016,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,23018,155],{"class":154},[66,23020,158],{"class":80},[66,23022,174],{"class":173},[66,23024,158],{"class":80},[66,23026,338],{"class":137},[66,23028,50],{"class":80},[66,23030,5655],{"class":137},[66,23032,560],{"class":80},[66,23034,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,23036,155],{"class":154},[66,23038,158],{"class":80},[66,23040,174],{"class":173},[66,23042,158],{"class":80},[66,23044,338],{"class":137},[66,23046,50],{"class":80},[66,23048,8103],{"class":137},[66,23050,560],{"class":80},[20,23052,23053],{},[185,23054,187],{},[57,23056,23058],{"className":59,"code":23057,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23059,23060,23080,23096],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23061,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23063,223],{"class":80},[66,23065,202],{"class":84},[66,23067,89],{"class":88},[66,23069,202],{"class":84},[66,23071,105],{"class":80},[66,23073,211],{"class":84},[66,23075,110],{"class":88},[66,23077,202],{"class":84},[66,23079,240],{"class":80},[66,23081,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23083,223],{"class":80},[66,23085,202],{"class":84},[66,23087,100],{"class":88},[66,23089,202],{"class":84},[66,23091,105],{"class":80},[66,23093,323],{"class":117},[66,23095,240],{"class":80},[66,23097,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23099,21997],{"class":80},[66,23101,202],{"class":84},[66,23103,89],{"class":88},[66,23105,202],{"class":84},[66,23107,105],{"class":80},[66,23109,211],{"class":84},[66,23111,100],{"class":88},[66,23113,202],{"class":84},[66,23115,9524],{"class":80},[66,23117,9527],{"class":80},[66,23119,202],{"class":84},[66,23121,110],{"class":88},[66,23123,202],{"class":84},[66,23125,105],{"class":80},[66,23127,323],{"class":117},[66,23129,9540],{"class":80},[20,23131,23132],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,23134,23135,23142,23150],{},[33,23136,23137,23138],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[652,23139,23140],{"href":2262},[15,23141,17],{},[33,23143,23144,23145],{},"Need just values? Use ",[652,23146,23148],{"href":23147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23149,977],{},[33,23151,23152,23153],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23154,985],{},[52,23156,1154,23158],{"id":23157},"when-to-use-items",[15,23159,985],{},[20,23161,23162,23164],{},[15,23163,985],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,23166,23167,23170,23173,23176,23179],{},[33,23168,23169],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,23171,23172],{},"Building formatted output",[33,23174,23175],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,23177,23178],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,23180,23181],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23183,281],{},[57,23185,23187],{"className":59,"code":23186,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23188,23189,23197,23215,23234,23246,23250,23254,23275],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23190,23191,23193,23195],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23192,14102],{"class":72},[66,23194,77],{"class":76},[66,23196,11774],{"class":80},[66,23198,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23200,11779],{"class":84},[66,23202,12776],{"class":88},[66,23204,85],{"class":84},[66,23206,94],{"class":80},[66,23208,97],{"class":84},[66,23210,12785],{"class":88},[66,23212,85],{"class":84},[66,23214,11795],{"class":80},[66,23216,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227,23230,23232],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23218,11779],{"class":84},[66,23220,20382],{"class":88},[66,23222,85],{"class":84},[66,23224,94],{"class":80},[66,23226,97],{"class":84},[66,23228,23229],{"class":88},"English",[66,23231,85],{"class":84},[66,23233,11795],{"class":80},[66,23235,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,23237,11779],{"class":84},[66,23239,18785],{"class":88},[66,23241,85],{"class":84},[66,23243,94],{"class":80},[66,23245,6715],{"class":4146},[66,23247,23248],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,23249,121],{"class":80},[66,23251,23252],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,23253,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,23255,23256,23258,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,23257,1061],{"class":1060},[66,23259,23260],{"class":72}," setting",[66,23262,105],{"class":80},[66,23264,21842],{"class":72},[66,23266,1067],{"class":1060},[66,23268,14146],{"class":72},[66,23270,50],{"class":80},[66,23272,8103],{"class":137},[66,23274,1076],{"class":80},[66,23276,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23290,23292,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,23278,1081],{"class":154},[66,23280,158],{"class":80},[66,23282,22548],{"class":957},[66,23284,85],{"class":88},[66,23286,9569],{"class":117},[66,23288,23289],{"class":137},"setting",[66,23291,22557],{"class":117},[66,23293,23294],{"class":88}," = ",[66,23296,9569],{"class":117},[66,23298,2771],{"class":137},[66,23300,22557],{"class":117},[66,23302,85],{"class":88},[66,23304,163],{"class":80},[20,23306,23307],{},[185,23308,187],{},[57,23310,23312],{"className":59,"code":23311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23313,23314,23324,23334],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23315,23316,23319,23321],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23317,23318],{"class":72},"theme ",[66,23320,77],{"class":76},[66,23322,23323],{"class":72}," dark\n",[66,23325,23326,23329,23331],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23327,23328],{"class":72},"language ",[66,23330,77],{"class":76},[66,23332,23333],{"class":72}," English\n",[66,23335,23336,23339,23341],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23337,23338],{"class":72},"notifications ",[66,23340,77],{"class":76},[66,23342,6715],{"class":4146},[52,23344,1838],{"id":1837},[20,23346,23347,23348,50],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23349,985],{},[1430,23351,23353,23354,23356],{"id":23352},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23355,985],{}," incorrectly",[20,23358,23359,23360,23362,23363,23366],{},"Each result from ",[15,23361,985],{}," has ",[185,23364,23365],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23368,6981],{},[57,23370,23371],{"className":59,"code":21788,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,23372,23373,23409,23413,23433],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23374,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23376,291],{"class":72},[66,23378,77],{"class":76},[66,23380,81],{"class":80},[66,23382,85],{"class":84},[66,23384,89],{"class":88},[66,23386,85],{"class":84},[66,23388,94],{"class":80},[66,23390,97],{"class":84},[66,23392,100],{"class":88},[66,23394,85],{"class":84},[66,23396,105],{"class":80},[66,23398,97],{"class":84},[66,23400,110],{"class":88},[66,23402,85],{"class":84},[66,23404,94],{"class":80},[66,23406,323],{"class":117},[66,23408,121],{"class":80},[66,23410,23411],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23412,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,23414,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23416,1061],{"class":1060},[66,23418,21837],{"class":72},[66,23420,105],{"class":80},[66,23422,21842],{"class":72},[66,23424,1067],{"class":1060},[66,23426,13526],{"class":72},[66,23428,50],{"class":80},[66,23430,8103],{"class":137},[66,23432,1076],{"class":80},[66,23434,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,23436,1081],{"class":154},[66,23438,158],{"class":80},[66,23440,1086],{"class":137},[66,23442,105],{"class":80},[66,23444,8726],{"class":137},[66,23446,163],{"class":80},[20,23448,23449],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[57,23451,23453],{"className":59,"code":23452,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23454,23455,23491,23495,23511],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23456,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23458,291],{"class":72},[66,23460,77],{"class":76},[66,23462,81],{"class":80},[66,23464,85],{"class":84},[66,23466,89],{"class":88},[66,23468,85],{"class":84},[66,23470,94],{"class":80},[66,23472,97],{"class":84},[66,23474,100],{"class":88},[66,23476,85],{"class":84},[66,23478,105],{"class":80},[66,23480,97],{"class":84},[66,23482,110],{"class":88},[66,23484,85],{"class":84},[66,23486,94],{"class":80},[66,23488,323],{"class":117},[66,23490,121],{"class":80},[66,23492,23493],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23494,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,23496,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23498,1061],{"class":1060},[66,23500,1064],{"class":72},[66,23502,1067],{"class":1060},[66,23504,13526],{"class":72},[66,23506,50],{"class":80},[66,23508,8103],{"class":137},[66,23510,1076],{"class":80},[66,23512,23513,23515,23517,23519],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,23514,1081],{"class":154},[66,23516,158],{"class":80},[66,23518,1086],{"class":137},[66,23520,163],{"class":80},[20,23522,23523,23524,23526,23527,23530],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23525,1086],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23528,23529],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23532,23533],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[57,23535,23537],{"className":59,"code":23536,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23538,23539,23555],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23540,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23542,1061],{"class":1060},[66,23544,6253],{"class":72},[66,23546,1067],{"class":1060},[66,23548,13526],{"class":72},[66,23550,50],{"class":80},[66,23552,8103],{"class":137},[66,23554,1076],{"class":80},[66,23556,23557,23559,23561,23564],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23558,1081],{"class":154},[66,23560,158],{"class":80},[66,23562,23563],{"class":137},"item",[66,23565,163],{"class":80},[20,23567,23568],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[57,23570,23572],{"className":59,"code":23571,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23573,23574,23594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23575,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23577,1061],{"class":1060},[66,23579,21837],{"class":72},[66,23581,105],{"class":80},[66,23583,21842],{"class":72},[66,23585,1067],{"class":1060},[66,23587,13526],{"class":72},[66,23589,50],{"class":80},[66,23591,8103],{"class":137},[66,23593,1076],{"class":80},[66,23595,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23597,1081],{"class":154},[66,23599,158],{"class":80},[66,23601,1086],{"class":137},[66,23603,105],{"class":80},[66,23605,8726],{"class":137},[66,23607,163],{"class":80},[1430,23609,1433,23611,23613],{"id":23610},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23612,985],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23615,23616,638,23618,23620],{},[15,23617,985],{},[15,23619,22164],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23622,23623],{},"Check it:",[57,23625,23627],{"className":59,"code":23626,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23628,23629,23661,23665,23679,23697],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23630,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23632,12005],{"class":72},[66,23634,77],{"class":76},[66,23636,81],{"class":80},[66,23638,85],{"class":84},[66,23640,652],{"class":88},[66,23642,85],{"class":84},[66,23644,94],{"class":80},[66,23646,1896],{"class":117},[66,23648,105],{"class":80},[66,23650,97],{"class":84},[66,23652,1903],{"class":88},[66,23654,85],{"class":84},[66,23656,94],{"class":80},[66,23658,1719],{"class":117},[66,23660,121],{"class":80},[66,23662,23663],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23664,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,23666,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23668,155],{"class":154},[66,23670,158],{"class":80},[66,23672,672],{"class":137},[66,23674,50],{"class":80},[66,23676,8103],{"class":137},[66,23678,345],{"class":80},[66,23680,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,23682,155],{"class":154},[66,23684,158],{"class":80},[66,23686,912],{"class":173},[66,23688,158],{"class":80},[66,23690,672],{"class":137},[66,23692,50],{"class":80},[66,23694,8103],{"class":137},[66,23696,560],{"class":80},[66,23698,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,23700,155],{"class":154},[66,23702,158],{"class":80},[66,23704,174],{"class":173},[66,23706,158],{"class":80},[66,23708,672],{"class":137},[66,23710,50],{"class":80},[66,23712,8103],{"class":137},[66,23714,560],{"class":80},[20,23716,23717],{},[185,23718,187],{},[57,23720,23722],{"className":59,"code":23721,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23723,23724,23756,23770],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23725,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23727,22164],{"class":137},[66,23729,9945],{"class":80},[66,23731,202],{"class":84},[66,23733,652],{"class":88},[66,23735,202],{"class":84},[66,23737,105],{"class":80},[66,23739,1896],{"class":117},[66,23741,9524],{"class":80},[66,23743,9527],{"class":80},[66,23745,202],{"class":84},[66,23747,1903],{"class":88},[66,23749,202],{"class":84},[66,23751,105],{"class":80},[66,23753,1719],{"class":117},[66,23755,10964],{"class":80},[66,23757,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23759,954],{"class":76},[66,23761,958],{"class":957},[66,23763,211],{"class":84},[66,23765,22164],{"class":88},[66,23767,202],{"class":84},[66,23769,967],{"class":76},[66,23771,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23773,21997],{"class":80},[66,23775,202],{"class":84},[66,23777,652],{"class":88},[66,23779,202],{"class":84},[66,23781,105],{"class":80},[66,23783,1896],{"class":117},[66,23785,9524],{"class":80},[66,23787,9527],{"class":80},[66,23789,202],{"class":84},[66,23791,1903],{"class":88},[66,23793,202],{"class":84},[66,23795,105],{"class":80},[66,23797,1719],{"class":117},[66,23799,9540],{"class":80},[1430,23801,23803,23804],{"id":23802},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23805,985],{},[20,23807,23808],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23810,23811],{},"Problem example:",[57,23813,23815],{"className":59,"code":23814,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23816,23817,23861,23865,23885,23897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23818,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23820,1706],{"class":72},[66,23822,77],{"class":76},[66,23824,81],{"class":80},[66,23826,85],{"class":84},[66,23828,652],{"class":88},[66,23830,85],{"class":84},[66,23832,94],{"class":80},[66,23834,1896],{"class":117},[66,23836,105],{"class":80},[66,23838,97],{"class":84},[66,23840,1903],{"class":88},[66,23842,85],{"class":84},[66,23844,94],{"class":80},[66,23846,1719],{"class":117},[66,23848,105],{"class":80},[66,23850,97],{"class":84},[66,23852,10027],{"class":88},[66,23854,85],{"class":84},[66,23856,94],{"class":80},[66,23858,1724],{"class":117},[66,23860,121],{"class":80},[66,23862,23863],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23864,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,23866,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23868,1061],{"class":1060},[66,23870,21837],{"class":72},[66,23872,105],{"class":80},[66,23874,21842],{"class":72},[66,23876,1067],{"class":1060},[66,23878,4557],{"class":72},[66,23880,50],{"class":80},[66,23882,8103],{"class":137},[66,23884,1076],{"class":80},[66,23886,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,23888,6690],{"class":1060},[66,23890,21842],{"class":72},[66,23892,4984],{"class":76},[66,23894,1719],{"class":117},[66,23896,1133],{"class":80},[66,23898,23899,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,23900,23901],{"class":72},"        numbers",[66,23903,223],{"class":80},[66,23905,85],{"class":84},[66,23907,19027],{"class":88},[66,23909,85],{"class":84},[66,23911,365],{"class":80},[66,23913,368],{"class":76},[66,23915,23916],{"class":117}," 4\n",[20,23918,23919],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23921,23922],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[57,23924,23926],{"className":59,"code":23925,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23927,23928,23972,23976,24001,24013,24031,24035],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,23929,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,23931,1706],{"class":72},[66,23933,77],{"class":76},[66,23935,81],{"class":80},[66,23937,85],{"class":84},[66,23939,652],{"class":88},[66,23941,85],{"class":84},[66,23943,94],{"class":80},[66,23945,1896],{"class":117},[66,23947,105],{"class":80},[66,23949,97],{"class":84},[66,23951,1903],{"class":88},[66,23953,85],{"class":84},[66,23955,94],{"class":80},[66,23957,1719],{"class":117},[66,23959,105],{"class":80},[66,23961,97],{"class":84},[66,23963,10027],{"class":88},[66,23965,85],{"class":84},[66,23967,94],{"class":80},[66,23969,1724],{"class":117},[66,23971,121],{"class":80},[66,23973,23974],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,23975,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,23977,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,23979,1061],{"class":1060},[66,23981,21837],{"class":72},[66,23983,105],{"class":80},[66,23985,21842],{"class":72},[66,23987,1067],{"class":1060},[66,23989,1656],{"class":173},[66,23991,158],{"class":80},[66,23993,1735],{"class":137},[66,23995,50],{"class":80},[66,23997,8103],{"class":137},[66,23999,24000],{"class":80},"()):\n",[66,24002,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,24004,6690],{"class":1060},[66,24006,21842],{"class":72},[66,24008,4984],{"class":76},[66,24010,1719],{"class":117},[66,24012,1133],{"class":80},[66,24014,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,24016,23901],{"class":72},[66,24018,223],{"class":80},[66,24020,85],{"class":84},[66,24022,19027],{"class":88},[66,24024,85],{"class":84},[66,24026,365],{"class":80},[66,24028,368],{"class":76},[66,24030,23916],{"class":117},[66,24032,24033],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,24034,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,24036,24037,24039,24041,24043],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,24038,155],{"class":154},[66,24040,158],{"class":80},[66,24042,1735],{"class":137},[66,24044,163],{"class":80},[1430,24046,24048],{"id":24047},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24050,24051],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[57,24053,24055],{"className":59,"code":24054,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24056,24057,24089,24093,24109],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24058,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24060,472],{"class":72},[66,24062,77],{"class":76},[66,24064,81],{"class":80},[66,24066,85],{"class":84},[66,24068,2471],{"class":88},[66,24070,85],{"class":84},[66,24072,94],{"class":80},[66,24074,6297],{"class":117},[66,24076,105],{"class":80},[66,24078,97],{"class":84},[66,24080,12026],{"class":88},[66,24082,85],{"class":84},[66,24084,94],{"class":80},[66,24086,118],{"class":117},[66,24088,121],{"class":80},[66,24090,24091],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24092,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,24094,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,24096,1061],{"class":1060},[66,24098,6253],{"class":72},[66,24100,1067],{"class":1060},[66,24102,1920],{"class":72},[66,24104,50],{"class":80},[66,24106,8103],{"class":137},[66,24108,1076],{"class":80},[66,24110,24111,24113,24115,24117],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,24112,1081],{"class":154},[66,24114,158],{"class":80},[66,24116,23563],{"class":137},[66,24118,163],{"class":80},[20,24120,24121],{},[185,24122,187],{},[57,24124,24126],{"className":59,"code":24125,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24127,24128,24144],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24129,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24131,158],{"class":80},[66,24133,202],{"class":84},[66,24135,2471],{"class":88},[66,24137,202],{"class":84},[66,24139,105],{"class":80},[66,24141,6297],{"class":117},[66,24143,163],{"class":80},[66,24145,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24147,158],{"class":80},[66,24149,202],{"class":84},[66,24151,12026],{"class":88},[66,24153,202],{"class":84},[66,24155,105],{"class":80},[66,24157,118],{"class":117},[66,24159,163],{"class":80},[20,24161,24162,24163,24165],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24164,21912],{}," pair.",[52,24167,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,24169,2119,24171,2122],{"id":24170},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python",[15,24172,985],{},[20,24174,272,24175,24177],{},[15,24176,22164],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1430,24179,12986,24181,24183],{"id":24180},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24182,985],{}," return a list?",[20,24185,24186,24187,24190],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24188,24189],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1430,24192,24194,24195,2151],{"id":24193},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24196,985],{},[20,24198,24199],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[57,24201,24203],{"className":59,"code":24202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24204,24205,24225],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24206,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24208,1061],{"class":1060},[66,24210,21837],{"class":72},[66,24212,105],{"class":80},[66,24214,21842],{"class":72},[66,24216,1067],{"class":1060},[66,24218,12047],{"class":72},[66,24220,50],{"class":80},[66,24222,8103],{"class":137},[66,24224,1076],{"class":80},[66,24226,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24228,1081],{"class":154},[66,24230,158],{"class":80},[66,24232,1086],{"class":137},[66,24234,105],{"class":80},[66,24236,8726],{"class":137},[66,24238,163],{"class":80},[1430,24240,12986,24242,24244],{"id":24241},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24243,985],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24246,24247],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[52,24249,2183],{"id":2182},[30,24251,24252,24258,24264,24269,24273],{},[33,24253,24254],{},[652,24255,974,24256,978],{"href":2262},[15,24257,17],{},[33,24259,24260],{},[652,24261,974,24262,978],{"href":23147},[15,24263,977],{},[33,24265,24266],{},[652,24267,24268],{"href":22728},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,24270,24271],{},[652,24272,9448],{"href":13303},[33,24274,24275],{},[652,24276,24277],{"href":22035},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2222,24279,24280],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":24282},[24283,24284,24286,24287,24288,24290,24291,24293,24295,24304,24314],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":21895,"depth":124,"text":24285},"What items() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":22225,"depth":124,"text":22226},{"id":22450,"depth":124,"text":24289},"Looping with items()",{"id":22732,"depth":124,"text":22733},{"id":22923,"depth":124,"text":24292},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23157,"depth":124,"text":24294},"When to use items()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":24296},[24297,24299,24301,24303],{"id":23352,"depth":144,"text":24298},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23610,"depth":144,"text":24300},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23802,"depth":144,"text":24302},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24047,"depth":144,"text":24048},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":24305},[24306,24308,24310,24312],{"id":24170,"depth":144,"text":24307},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24180,"depth":144,"text":24309},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24193,"depth":144,"text":24311},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24241,"depth":144,"text":24313},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21764,"description":24315},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":24322,"description":2259,"extension":2260,"meta":26229,"navigation":147,"path":2262,"seo":26230,"stem":2264,"__hash__":2265},{"type":7,"value":24323,"toc":26204},[24324,24328,24332,24334,24342,24348,24350,24432,24436,24482,24486,24490,24494,24496,24508,24510,24608,24612,24668,24670,24672,24674,24766,24770,24832,24834,24846,24850,24852,24854,24868,24870,24878,24880,24922,24924,24966,24968,24970,24976,24978,24990,24992,25078,25082,25122,25132,25134,25136,25222,25226,25242,25244,25270,25274,25278,25282,25290,25292,25388,25392,25414,25416,25482,25486,25488,25510,25514,25516,25520,25524,25528,25530,25584,25588,25614,25620,25624,25626,25650,25654,25680,25682,25754,25758,25762,25764,25802,25812,25814,25816,25858,25860,25862,25880,25882,25886,25904,25906,25974,25976,26048,26050,26052,26112,26114,26126,26128,26132,26136,26140,26146,26150,26154,26158,26162,26164,26168,26170,26202],[10,24325,13,24326,18],{"id":12},[15,24327,17],{},[20,24329,22,24330,25],{},[15,24331,17],{},[20,24333,28],{},[30,24335,24336,24338,24340],{},[33,24337,35],{},[33,24339,38],{},[33,24341,41],{},[20,24343,24344,46,24346,50],{},[15,24345,17],{},[15,24347,49],{},[52,24349,55],{"id":54},[57,24351,24352],{"className":59,"code":60,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24353,24354,24390,24404,24408,24418],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24355,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24357,73],{"class":72},[66,24359,77],{"class":76},[66,24361,81],{"class":80},[66,24363,85],{"class":84},[66,24365,89],{"class":88},[66,24367,85],{"class":84},[66,24369,94],{"class":80},[66,24371,97],{"class":84},[66,24373,100],{"class":88},[66,24375,85],{"class":84},[66,24377,105],{"class":80},[66,24379,97],{"class":84},[66,24381,110],{"class":88},[66,24383,85],{"class":84},[66,24385,94],{"class":80},[66,24387,118],{"class":117},[66,24389,121],{"class":80},[66,24391,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24393,127],{"class":72},[66,24395,77],{"class":76},[66,24397,132],{"class":72},[66,24399,50],{"class":80},[66,24401,138],{"class":137},[66,24403,141],{"class":80},[66,24405,24406],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,24407,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,24409,24410,24412,24414,24416],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,24411,155],{"class":154},[66,24413,158],{"class":80},[66,24415,138],{"class":137},[66,24417,163],{"class":80},[66,24419,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,24421,155],{"class":154},[66,24423,158],{"class":80},[66,24425,174],{"class":173},[66,24427,158],{"class":80},[66,24429,138],{"class":137},[66,24431,181],{"class":80},[20,24433,24434],{},[185,24435,187],{},[57,24437,24438],{"className":59,"code":190,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24439,24440,24462],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24441,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24443,49],{"class":137},[66,24445,199],{"class":80},[66,24447,202],{"class":84},[66,24449,89],{"class":88},[66,24451,202],{"class":84},[66,24453,105],{"class":80},[66,24455,211],{"class":84},[66,24457,110],{"class":88},[66,24459,202],{"class":84},[66,24461,218],{"class":80},[66,24463,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24465,223],{"class":80},[66,24467,202],{"class":84},[66,24469,89],{"class":88},[66,24471,202],{"class":84},[66,24473,105],{"class":80},[66,24475,211],{"class":84},[66,24477,110],{"class":88},[66,24479,202],{"class":84},[66,24481,240],{"class":80},[20,24483,243,24484,246],{},[15,24485,17],{},[52,24487,250,24488,253],{"id":249},[15,24489,17],{},[20,24491,24492,258],{},[15,24493,17],{},[20,24495,261],{},[30,24497,24498,24500,24502,24506],{},[33,24499,266],{},[33,24501,269],{},[33,24503,272,24504,275],{},[15,24505,49],{},[33,24507,278],{},[20,24509,281],{},[57,24511,24512],{"className":59,"code":284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24513,24514,24550,24554,24568,24572,24594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24515,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24517,291],{"class":72},[66,24519,77],{"class":76},[66,24521,81],{"class":80},[66,24523,85],{"class":84},[66,24525,89],{"class":88},[66,24527,85],{"class":84},[66,24529,94],{"class":80},[66,24531,97],{"class":84},[66,24533,308],{"class":88},[66,24535,85],{"class":84},[66,24537,105],{"class":80},[66,24539,97],{"class":84},[66,24541,110],{"class":88},[66,24543,85],{"class":84},[66,24545,94],{"class":80},[66,24547,323],{"class":117},[66,24549,121],{"class":80},[66,24551,24552],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24553,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,24555,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,24557,155],{"class":154},[66,24559,158],{"class":80},[66,24561,338],{"class":137},[66,24563,50],{"class":80},[66,24565,138],{"class":137},[66,24567,345],{"class":80},[66,24569,24570],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,24571,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,24573,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,24575,338],{"class":72},[66,24577,223],{"class":80},[66,24579,85],{"class":84},[66,24581,360],{"class":88},[66,24583,85],{"class":84},[66,24585,365],{"class":80},[66,24587,368],{"class":76},[66,24589,97],{"class":84},[66,24591,373],{"class":88},[66,24593,376],{"class":84},[66,24595,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,24597,155],{"class":154},[66,24599,158],{"class":80},[66,24601,338],{"class":137},[66,24603,50],{"class":80},[66,24605,138],{"class":137},[66,24607,345],{"class":80},[20,24609,24610],{},[185,24611,187],{},[57,24613,24614],{"className":59,"code":398,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24615,24616,24638],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24619,49],{"class":137},[66,24621,199],{"class":80},[66,24623,202],{"class":84},[66,24625,89],{"class":88},[66,24627,202],{"class":84},[66,24629,105],{"class":80},[66,24631,211],{"class":84},[66,24633,110],{"class":88},[66,24635,202],{"class":84},[66,24637,218],{"class":80},[66,24639,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24641,49],{"class":137},[66,24643,199],{"class":80},[66,24645,202],{"class":84},[66,24647,89],{"class":88},[66,24649,202],{"class":84},[66,24651,105],{"class":80},[66,24653,211],{"class":84},[66,24655,110],{"class":88},[66,24657,202],{"class":84},[66,24659,105],{"class":80},[66,24661,211],{"class":84},[66,24663,360],{"class":88},[66,24665,202],{"class":84},[66,24667,218],{"class":80},[20,24669,455],{},[52,24671,459],{"id":458},[20,24673,462],{},[57,24675,24676],{"className":59,"code":465,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24677,24678,24730,24734,24748],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24679,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24681,472],{"class":72},[66,24683,77],{"class":76},[66,24685,81],{"class":80},[66,24687,85],{"class":84},[66,24689,89],{"class":88},[66,24691,85],{"class":84},[66,24693,94],{"class":80},[66,24695,97],{"class":84},[66,24697,100],{"class":88},[66,24699,85],{"class":84},[66,24701,105],{"class":80},[66,24703,97],{"class":84},[66,24705,110],{"class":88},[66,24707,85],{"class":84},[66,24709,94],{"class":80},[66,24711,118],{"class":117},[66,24713,105],{"class":80},[66,24715,97],{"class":84},[66,24717,509],{"class":88},[66,24719,85],{"class":84},[66,24721,94],{"class":80},[66,24723,97],{"class":84},[66,24725,518],{"class":88},[66,24727,85],{"class":84},[66,24729,121],{"class":80},[66,24731,24732],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24733,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,24735,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,24737,155],{"class":154},[66,24739,158],{"class":80},[66,24741,535],{"class":137},[66,24743,50],{"class":80},[66,24745,138],{"class":137},[66,24747,345],{"class":80},[66,24749,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,24751,155],{"class":154},[66,24753,158],{"class":80},[66,24755,174],{"class":173},[66,24757,158],{"class":80},[66,24759,535],{"class":137},[66,24761,50],{"class":80},[66,24763,138],{"class":137},[66,24765,560],{"class":80},[20,24767,24768],{},[185,24769,187],{},[57,24771,24772],{"className":59,"code":567,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24773,24774,24804],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24775,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24777,49],{"class":137},[66,24779,199],{"class":80},[66,24781,202],{"class":84},[66,24783,89],{"class":88},[66,24785,202],{"class":84},[66,24787,105],{"class":80},[66,24789,211],{"class":84},[66,24791,110],{"class":88},[66,24793,202],{"class":84},[66,24795,105],{"class":80},[66,24797,211],{"class":84},[66,24799,509],{"class":88},[66,24801,202],{"class":84},[66,24803,218],{"class":80},[66,24805,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24807,223],{"class":80},[66,24809,202],{"class":84},[66,24811,89],{"class":88},[66,24813,202],{"class":84},[66,24815,105],{"class":80},[66,24817,211],{"class":84},[66,24819,110],{"class":88},[66,24821,202],{"class":84},[66,24823,105],{"class":80},[66,24825,211],{"class":84},[66,24827,509],{"class":88},[66,24829,202],{"class":84},[66,24831,240],{"class":80},[20,24833,630],{},[30,24835,24836,24842],{},[33,24837,24838,638,24840,641],{},[15,24839,637],{},[15,24841,49],{},[33,24843,24844,647],{},[15,24845,646],{},[20,24847,650,24848,50],{},[652,24849,655],{"href":654},[52,24851,659],{"id":658},[20,24853,662],{},[57,24855,24856],{"className":59,"code":665,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24857,24858],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24859,24860,24862,24864,24866],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24861,672],{"class":72},[66,24863,50],{"class":80},[66,24865,138],{"class":137},[66,24867,141],{"class":80},[20,24869,681],{},[30,24871,24872,24874,24876],{},[33,24873,686],{},[33,24875,689],{},[33,24877,692],{},[20,24879,695],{},[57,24881,24882],{"className":59,"code":698,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24883,24884,24908],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24885,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24887,73],{"class":72},[66,24889,77],{"class":76},[66,24891,81],{"class":80},[66,24893,85],{"class":84},[66,24895,89],{"class":88},[66,24897,85],{"class":84},[66,24899,94],{"class":80},[66,24901,97],{"class":84},[66,24903,100],{"class":88},[66,24905,85],{"class":84},[66,24907,121],{"class":80},[66,24909,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24911,155],{"class":154},[66,24913,158],{"class":80},[66,24915,733],{"class":137},[66,24917,50],{"class":80},[66,24919,138],{"class":137},[66,24921,345],{"class":80},[20,24923,742],{},[57,24925,24926],{"className":59,"code":745,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24927,24928,24952],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24929,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944,24946,24948,24950],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24931,73],{"class":72},[66,24933,77],{"class":76},[66,24935,81],{"class":80},[66,24937,85],{"class":84},[66,24939,89],{"class":88},[66,24941,85],{"class":84},[66,24943,94],{"class":80},[66,24945,97],{"class":84},[66,24947,100],{"class":88},[66,24949,85],{"class":84},[66,24951,121],{"class":80},[66,24953,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,24955,155],{"class":154},[66,24957,158],{"class":80},[66,24959,733],{"class":137},[66,24961,50],{"class":80},[66,24963,138],{"class":784},[66,24965,163],{"class":80},[20,24967,789],{},[52,24969,793],{"id":792},[20,24971,24972,638,24974,800],{},[15,24973,17],{},[15,24975,49],{},[20,24977,803],{},[30,24979,24980,24982,24984,24988],{},[33,24981,808],{},[33,24983,811],{},[33,24985,814,24986],{},[15,24987,817],{},[33,24989,820],{},[20,24991,281],{},[57,24993,24994],{"className":59,"code":825,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,24995,24996,25032,25036,25050,25054,25064],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,24997,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,24999,832],{"class":72},[66,25001,77],{"class":76},[66,25003,81],{"class":80},[66,25005,85],{"class":84},[66,25007,841],{"class":88},[66,25009,85],{"class":84},[66,25011,94],{"class":80},[66,25013,97],{"class":84},[66,25015,850],{"class":88},[66,25017,85],{"class":84},[66,25019,105],{"class":80},[66,25021,97],{"class":84},[66,25023,859],{"class":88},[66,25025,85],{"class":84},[66,25027,94],{"class":80},[66,25029,866],{"class":117},[66,25031,121],{"class":80},[66,25033,25034],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25035,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,25037,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,25039,877],{"class":72},[66,25041,77],{"class":76},[66,25043,882],{"class":72},[66,25045,50],{"class":80},[66,25047,138],{"class":137},[66,25049,141],{"class":80},[66,25051,25052],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,25053,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,25055,25056,25058,25060,25062],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,25057,155],{"class":154},[66,25059,158],{"class":80},[66,25061,901],{"class":137},[66,25063,163],{"class":80},[66,25065,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,25067,155],{"class":154},[66,25069,158],{"class":80},[66,25071,912],{"class":173},[66,25073,158],{"class":80},[66,25075,901],{"class":137},[66,25077,181],{"class":80},[20,25079,25080],{},[185,25081,187],{},[57,25083,25084],{"className":59,"code":925,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25085,25086,25108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25087,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25089,49],{"class":137},[66,25091,199],{"class":80},[66,25093,202],{"class":84},[66,25095,841],{"class":88},[66,25097,202],{"class":84},[66,25099,105],{"class":80},[66,25101,211],{"class":84},[66,25103,859],{"class":88},[66,25105,202],{"class":84},[66,25107,218],{"class":80},[66,25109,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25111,954],{"class":76},[66,25113,958],{"class":957},[66,25115,211],{"class":84},[66,25117,49],{"class":88},[66,25119,202],{"class":84},[66,25121,967],{"class":76},[20,25123,970,25124,979,25128,50],{},[652,25125,974,25126,978],{"href":973},[15,25127,977],{},[652,25129,974,25130,978],{"href":982},[15,25131,985],{},[52,25133,989],{"id":988},[20,25135,992],{},[57,25137,25138],{"className":59,"code":995,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25139,25140,25192,25196,25212],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25141,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25143,73],{"class":72},[66,25145,77],{"class":76},[66,25147,81],{"class":80},[66,25149,85],{"class":84},[66,25151,89],{"class":88},[66,25153,85],{"class":84},[66,25155,94],{"class":80},[66,25157,97],{"class":84},[66,25159,100],{"class":88},[66,25161,85],{"class":84},[66,25163,105],{"class":80},[66,25165,97],{"class":84},[66,25167,110],{"class":88},[66,25169,85],{"class":84},[66,25171,94],{"class":80},[66,25173,118],{"class":117},[66,25175,105],{"class":80},[66,25177,97],{"class":84},[66,25179,1038],{"class":88},[66,25181,85],{"class":84},[66,25183,94],{"class":80},[66,25185,97],{"class":84},[66,25187,1047],{"class":88},[66,25189,85],{"class":84},[66,25191,121],{"class":80},[66,25193,25194],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25195,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,25197,25198,25200,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,25199,1061],{"class":1060},[66,25201,1064],{"class":72},[66,25203,1067],{"class":1060},[66,25205,132],{"class":72},[66,25207,50],{"class":80},[66,25209,138],{"class":137},[66,25211,1076],{"class":80},[66,25213,25214,25216,25218,25220],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,25215,1081],{"class":154},[66,25217,158],{"class":80},[66,25219,1086],{"class":137},[66,25221,163],{"class":80},[20,25223,25224],{},[185,25225,187],{},[57,25227,25228],{"className":59,"code":1095,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25229,25230,25234,25238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25231,25232],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25233,1102],{"class":72},[66,25235,25236],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25237,1107],{"class":72},[66,25239,25240],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,25241,1112],{"class":72},[20,25243,1115],{},[57,25245,25246],{"className":59,"code":1118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25247,25248,25260],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25249,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25251,1061],{"class":1060},[66,25253,1064],{"class":72},[66,25255,1067],{"class":1060},[66,25257,132],{"class":72},[66,25259,1133],{"class":80},[66,25261,25262,25264,25266,25268],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25263,1081],{"class":154},[66,25265,158],{"class":80},[66,25267,1086],{"class":137},[66,25269,163],{"class":80},[20,25271,1146,25272,1150],{},[15,25273,1149],{},[52,25275,1154,25276],{"id":1153},[15,25277,17],{},[20,25279,243,25280,1161],{},[15,25281,17],{},[30,25283,25284,25286,25288],{},[33,25285,1166],{},[33,25287,1169],{},[33,25289,1172],{},[20,25291,281],{},[57,25293,25294],{"className":59,"code":1177,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25295,25296,25344,25348,25362,25378],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25297,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25299,1184],{"class":72},[66,25301,77],{"class":76},[66,25303,81],{"class":80},[66,25305,85],{"class":84},[66,25307,89],{"class":88},[66,25309,85],{"class":84},[66,25311,94],{"class":80},[66,25313,97],{"class":84},[66,25315,1201],{"class":88},[66,25317,85],{"class":84},[66,25319,105],{"class":80},[66,25321,97],{"class":84},[66,25323,1210],{"class":88},[66,25325,85],{"class":84},[66,25327,94],{"class":80},[66,25329,1217],{"class":117},[66,25331,105],{"class":80},[66,25333,97],{"class":84},[66,25335,1224],{"class":88},[66,25337,85],{"class":84},[66,25339,94],{"class":80},[66,25341,1231],{"class":117},[66,25343,121],{"class":80},[66,25345,25346],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25347,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,25349,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,25351,155],{"class":154},[66,25353,158],{"class":80},[66,25355,85],{"class":84},[66,25357,1248],{"class":88},[66,25359,85],{"class":84},[66,25361,163],{"class":80},[66,25363,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,25365,1061],{"class":1060},[66,25367,1064],{"class":72},[66,25369,1067],{"class":1060},[66,25371,1263],{"class":72},[66,25373,50],{"class":80},[66,25375,138],{"class":137},[66,25377,1076],{"class":80},[66,25379,25380,25382,25384,25386],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,25381,1081],{"class":154},[66,25383,158],{"class":80},[66,25385,1086],{"class":137},[66,25387,163],{"class":80},[20,25389,25390],{},[185,25391,187],{},[57,25393,25394],{"className":59,"code":1286,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25395,25396,25402,25406,25410],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25397,25398,25400],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25399,1293],{"class":72},[66,25401,1133],{"class":80},[66,25403,25404],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25405,1102],{"class":72},[66,25407,25408],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,25409,1304],{"class":72},[66,25411,25412],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,25413,1309],{"class":72},[20,25415,1312],{},[57,25417,25418],{"className":59,"code":1315,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25419,25420,25456,25460],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25421,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25423,1184],{"class":72},[66,25425,77],{"class":76},[66,25427,81],{"class":80},[66,25429,85],{"class":84},[66,25431,89],{"class":88},[66,25433,85],{"class":84},[66,25435,94],{"class":80},[66,25437,97],{"class":84},[66,25439,1201],{"class":88},[66,25441,85],{"class":84},[66,25443,105],{"class":80},[66,25445,97],{"class":84},[66,25447,1210],{"class":88},[66,25449,85],{"class":84},[66,25451,94],{"class":80},[66,25453,1217],{"class":117},[66,25455,121],{"class":80},[66,25457,25458],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25459,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,25461,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,25463,155],{"class":154},[66,25465,158],{"class":80},[66,25467,85],{"class":84},[66,25469,89],{"class":88},[66,25471,85],{"class":84},[66,25473,1372],{"class":1060},[66,25475,1263],{"class":137},[66,25477,50],{"class":80},[66,25479,138],{"class":137},[66,25481,345],{"class":80},[20,25483,1383,25484,50],{},[15,25485,1386],{},[20,25487,1389],{},[57,25489,25490],{"className":59,"code":1392,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25491,25492],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25493,25494,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25495,155],{"class":154},[66,25497,158],{"class":80},[66,25499,85],{"class":84},[66,25501,89],{"class":88},[66,25503,85],{"class":84},[66,25505,1372],{"class":1060},[66,25507,1263],{"class":137},[66,25509,163],{"class":80},[20,25511,1415,25512,50],{},[652,25513,1419],{"href":1418},[52,25515,1423],{"id":1422},[20,25517,1426,25518,50],{},[15,25519,17],{},[1430,25521,1433,25522,1436],{"id":1432},[15,25523,17],{},[20,25525,25526,1441],{},[15,25527,17],{},[20,25529,281],{},[57,25531,25532],{"className":59,"code":1446,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25533,25534,25570],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25535,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25537,472],{"class":72},[66,25539,77],{"class":76},[66,25541,81],{"class":80},[66,25543,85],{"class":84},[66,25545,89],{"class":88},[66,25547,85],{"class":84},[66,25549,94],{"class":80},[66,25551,97],{"class":84},[66,25553,100],{"class":88},[66,25555,85],{"class":84},[66,25557,105],{"class":80},[66,25559,97],{"class":84},[66,25561,110],{"class":88},[66,25563,85],{"class":84},[66,25565,94],{"class":80},[66,25567,118],{"class":117},[66,25569,121],{"class":80},[66,25571,25572,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25573,155],{"class":154},[66,25575,158],{"class":80},[66,25577,535],{"class":137},[66,25579,50],{"class":80},[66,25581,138],{"class":137},[66,25583,345],{"class":80},[20,25585,25586],{},[185,25587,187],{},[57,25589,25590],{"className":59,"code":1505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25591,25592],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25593,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25595,49],{"class":137},[66,25597,199],{"class":80},[66,25599,202],{"class":84},[66,25601,89],{"class":88},[66,25603,202],{"class":84},[66,25605,105],{"class":80},[66,25607,211],{"class":84},[66,25609,110],{"class":88},[66,25611,202],{"class":84},[66,25613,218],{"class":80},[20,25615,1532,25616,50],{},[652,25617,25618],{"href":982},[15,25619,985],{},[1430,25621,1540,25622],{"id":1539},[15,25623,49],{},[20,25625,1545],{},[57,25627,25628],{"className":59,"code":1548,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25629,25630],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25631,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25633,223],{"class":80},[66,25635,202],{"class":84},[66,25637,89],{"class":88},[66,25639,202],{"class":84},[66,25641,105],{"class":80},[66,25643,211],{"class":84},[66,25645,110],{"class":88},[66,25647,202],{"class":84},[66,25649,240],{"class":80},[20,25651,1573,25652,1576],{},[15,25653,17],{},[57,25655,25656],{"className":59,"code":1505,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25657,25658],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25659,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25661,49],{"class":137},[66,25663,199],{"class":80},[66,25665,202],{"class":84},[66,25667,89],{"class":88},[66,25669,202],{"class":84},[66,25671,105],{"class":80},[66,25673,211],{"class":84},[66,25675,110],{"class":88},[66,25677,202],{"class":84},[66,25679,218],{"class":80},[20,25681,1605],{},[57,25683,25684],{"className":59,"code":1608,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25685,25686,25722,25740,25744],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25687,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25689,472],{"class":72},[66,25691,77],{"class":76},[66,25693,81],{"class":80},[66,25695,85],{"class":84},[66,25697,89],{"class":88},[66,25699,85],{"class":84},[66,25701,94],{"class":80},[66,25703,97],{"class":84},[66,25705,100],{"class":88},[66,25707,85],{"class":84},[66,25709,105],{"class":80},[66,25711,97],{"class":84},[66,25713,110],{"class":88},[66,25715,85],{"class":84},[66,25717,94],{"class":80},[66,25719,118],{"class":117},[66,25721,121],{"class":80},[66,25723,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732,25734,25736,25738],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25725,1651],{"class":72},[66,25727,77],{"class":76},[66,25729,1656],{"class":173},[66,25731,158],{"class":80},[66,25733,535],{"class":137},[66,25735,50],{"class":80},[66,25737,138],{"class":137},[66,25739,345],{"class":80},[66,25741,25742],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,25743,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,25745,25746,25748,25750,25752],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,25747,155],{"class":154},[66,25749,158],{"class":80},[66,25751,1679],{"class":137},[66,25753,163],{"class":80},[1430,25755,1685,25756,1688],{"id":1684},[15,25757,17],{},[20,25759,25760,1693],{},[15,25761,17],{},[20,25763,1696],{},[57,25765,25766],{"className":59,"code":1699,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25767,25768,25788],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25769,25770,25772,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25771,1706],{"class":72},[66,25773,77],{"class":76},[66,25775,1711],{"class":80},[66,25777,1714],{"class":117},[66,25779,105],{"class":80},[66,25781,1719],{"class":117},[66,25783,105],{"class":80},[66,25785,1724],{"class":117},[66,25787,240],{"class":80},[66,25789,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25791,155],{"class":154},[66,25793,158],{"class":80},[66,25795,1735],{"class":137},[66,25797,50],{"class":80},[66,25799,138],{"class":137},[66,25801,345],{"class":80},[20,25803,1744,25804,1748,25806,1751,25808,50],{},[15,25805,1747],{},[15,25807,17],{},[652,25809,1755,25810,1759],{"href":1754},[15,25811,1758],{},[1430,25813,1763],{"id":1762},[20,25815,1766],{},[57,25817,25818],{"className":59,"code":1769,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25819,25820,25844],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25821,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25823,472],{"class":72},[66,25825,77],{"class":76},[66,25827,81],{"class":80},[66,25829,85],{"class":84},[66,25831,89],{"class":88},[66,25833,85],{"class":84},[66,25835,94],{"class":80},[66,25837,97],{"class":84},[66,25839,100],{"class":88},[66,25841,85],{"class":84},[66,25843,121],{"class":80},[66,25845,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25847,155],{"class":154},[66,25849,158],{"class":80},[66,25851,535],{"class":137},[66,25853,50],{"class":80},[66,25855,138],{"class":784},[66,25857,163],{"class":80},[20,25859,1812],{},[20,25861,1815],{},[57,25863,25864],{"className":59,"code":1818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25865,25866],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25867,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25869,155],{"class":154},[66,25871,158],{"class":80},[66,25873,535],{"class":137},[66,25875,50],{"class":80},[66,25877,138],{"class":137},[66,25879,345],{"class":80},[52,25881,1838],{"id":1837},[20,25883,1841,25884,94],{},[15,25885,17],{},[30,25887,25888,25892,25896,25900],{},[33,25889,1848,25890,1851],{},[15,25891,17],{},[33,25893,1854,25894,1857],{},[15,25895,17],{},[33,25897,1860,25898,1863],{},[15,25899,49],{},[33,25901,1866,25902,1869],{},[15,25903,49],{},[20,25905,1872],{},[57,25907,25908],{"className":59,"code":1875,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25909,25910,25942,25956,25960,25970],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25911,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25913,472],{"class":72},[66,25915,77],{"class":76},[66,25917,81],{"class":80},[66,25919,85],{"class":84},[66,25921,652],{"class":88},[66,25923,85],{"class":84},[66,25925,94],{"class":80},[66,25927,1896],{"class":117},[66,25929,105],{"class":80},[66,25931,97],{"class":84},[66,25933,1903],{"class":88},[66,25935,85],{"class":84},[66,25937,94],{"class":80},[66,25939,1719],{"class":117},[66,25941,121],{"class":80},[66,25943,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,25945,127],{"class":72},[66,25947,77],{"class":76},[66,25949,1920],{"class":72},[66,25951,50],{"class":80},[66,25953,138],{"class":137},[66,25955,141],{"class":80},[66,25957,25958],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,25959,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,25961,25962,25964,25966,25968],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,25963,155],{"class":154},[66,25965,158],{"class":80},[66,25967,138],{"class":137},[66,25969,163],{"class":80},[66,25971,25972],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,25973,1946],{"class":1945},[20,25975,1949],{},[57,25977,25978],{"className":59,"code":1952,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,25979,25980,26012,26030,26034],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,25981,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,25983,472],{"class":72},[66,25985,77],{"class":76},[66,25987,81],{"class":80},[66,25989,85],{"class":84},[66,25991,652],{"class":88},[66,25993,85],{"class":84},[66,25995,94],{"class":80},[66,25997,1896],{"class":117},[66,25999,105],{"class":80},[66,26001,97],{"class":84},[66,26003,1903],{"class":88},[66,26005,85],{"class":84},[66,26007,94],{"class":80},[66,26009,1719],{"class":117},[66,26011,121],{"class":80},[66,26013,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026,26028],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,26015,127],{"class":72},[66,26017,77],{"class":76},[66,26019,1656],{"class":173},[66,26021,158],{"class":80},[66,26023,535],{"class":137},[66,26025,50],{"class":80},[66,26027,138],{"class":137},[66,26029,345],{"class":80},[66,26031,26032],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,26033,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,26035,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,26037,155],{"class":154},[66,26039,158],{"class":80},[66,26041,138],{"class":137},[66,26043,223],{"class":80},[66,26045,2021],{"class":117},[66,26047,218],{"class":80},[52,26049,2027],{"id":2026},[20,26051,2030],{},[57,26053,26054],{"className":59,"code":2033,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,26055,26056,26070,26080,26094],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26057,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26059,155],{"class":154},[66,26061,158],{"class":80},[66,26063,912],{"class":173},[66,26065,158],{"class":80},[66,26067,672],{"class":137},[66,26069,181],{"class":80},[66,26071,26072,26074,26076,26078],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,26073,155],{"class":154},[66,26075,158],{"class":80},[66,26077,672],{"class":137},[66,26079,163],{"class":80},[66,26081,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,26083,155],{"class":154},[66,26085,158],{"class":80},[66,26087,672],{"class":137},[66,26089,50],{"class":80},[66,26091,138],{"class":137},[66,26093,345],{"class":80},[66,26095,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,26097,155],{"class":154},[66,26099,158],{"class":80},[66,26101,174],{"class":173},[66,26103,158],{"class":80},[66,26105,672],{"class":137},[66,26107,50],{"class":80},[66,26109,138],{"class":137},[66,26111,560],{"class":80},[20,26113,2094],{},[30,26115,26116,26118,26120,26124],{},[33,26117,2099],{},[33,26119,2102],{},[33,26121,2105,26122,2108],{},[15,26123,17],{},[33,26125,2111],{},[52,26127,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,26129,2119,26130,2122],{"id":2118},[15,26131,17],{},[20,26133,272,26134,2127],{},[15,26135,49],{},[1430,26137,2131,26138,2135],{"id":2130},[15,26139,2134],{},[20,26141,2138,26142,2141,26144,50],{},[15,26143,49],{},[15,26145,2144],{},[1430,26147,2148,26148,2151],{"id":2147},[15,26149,2134],{},[20,26151,2154,26152,2157],{},[15,26153,1061],{},[1430,26155,2161,26156,2164],{"id":2160},[15,26157,17],{},[20,26159,2167,26160,2170],{},[15,26161,17],{},[1430,26163,2174],{"id":2173},[20,26165,243,26166,50],{},[15,26167,2179],{},[52,26169,2183],{"id":2182},[30,26171,26172,26176,26182,26188,26192,26196],{},[33,26173,26174],{},[652,26175,2190],{"href":654},[33,26177,26178],{},[652,26179,974,26180,978],{"href":973},[15,26181,977],{},[33,26183,26184],{},[652,26185,974,26186,978],{"href":982},[15,26187,985],{},[33,26189,26190],{},[652,26191,2208],{"href":2207},[33,26193,26194],{},[652,26195,2213],{"href":1418},[33,26197,26198],{},[652,26199,2218,26200,1759],{"href":1754},[15,26201,1758],{},[2222,26203,2224],{},{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":26205},[26206,26207,26208,26209,26210,26211,26212,26213,26219,26220,26221,26228],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":249,"depth":124,"text":2229},{"id":458,"depth":124,"text":459},{"id":658,"depth":124,"text":659},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":988,"depth":124,"text":989},{"id":1153,"depth":124,"text":2235},{"id":1422,"depth":124,"text":1423,"children":26214},[26215,26216,26217,26218],{"id":1432,"depth":144,"text":2239},{"id":1539,"depth":144,"text":2241},{"id":1684,"depth":144,"text":2243},{"id":1762,"depth":144,"text":1763},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2026,"depth":124,"text":2027},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":26222},[26223,26224,26225,26226,26227],{"id":2118,"depth":144,"text":2250},{"id":2130,"depth":144,"text":2252},{"id":2147,"depth":144,"text":2254},{"id":2160,"depth":144,"text":2256},{"id":2173,"depth":144,"text":2174},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},{},{"title":5,"description":2259},{"id":26232,"title":26233,"body":26234,"description":28507,"extension":2260,"meta":28508,"navigation":147,"path":28509,"seo":28510,"stem":28511,"__hash__":28512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26235,"toc":28460},[26236,26241,26246,26249,26251,26397,26410,26415,26419,26433,26435,26538,26547,26549,26552,26590,26615,26617,26724,26726,26733,26736,26744,26746,26887,26895,26900,26904,26915,26917,27079,27082,27090,27097,27103,27200,27206,27283,27286,27298,27303,27309,27312,27316,27405,27408,27412,27516,27523,27610,27619,27621,27626,27632,27635,27681,27684,27750,27759,27765,27858,27864,27870,27913,27916,27981,27987,28079,28082,28086,28092,28117,28120,28216,28223,28225,28230,28321,28323,28351,28356,28358,28365,28368,28372,28382,28387,28390,28397,28407,28414,28422,28424,28457],[10,26237,13,26239,18],{"id":26238},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26240,13045],{},[20,26242,26243,26245],{},[15,26244,12851],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26247,26248],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[52,26250,3903],{"id":3902},[57,26252,26254],{"className":59,"code":26253,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26255,26256,26292,26316,26330,26343,26347,26352,26384],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26257,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26259,291],{"class":72},[66,26261,77],{"class":76},[66,26263,81],{"class":80},[66,26265,85],{"class":84},[66,26267,89],{"class":88},[66,26269,85],{"class":84},[66,26271,94],{"class":80},[66,26273,97],{"class":84},[66,26275,100],{"class":88},[66,26277,85],{"class":84},[66,26279,105],{"class":80},[66,26281,97],{"class":84},[66,26283,110],{"class":88},[66,26285,85],{"class":84},[66,26287,94],{"class":80},[66,26289,323],{"class":117},[66,26291,121],{"class":80},[66,26293,26294,26297,26299,26301,26303,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,26295,26296],{"class":72},"removed_age ",[66,26298,77],{"class":76},[66,26300,13526],{"class":72},[66,26302,50],{"class":80},[66,26304,26305],{"class":137},"pop",[66,26307,158],{"class":80},[66,26309,85],{"class":84},[66,26311,110],{"class":88},[66,26313,85],{"class":84},[66,26315,163],{"class":80},[66,26317,26318,26320,26322,26325,26327],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,26319,155],{"class":154},[66,26321,158],{"class":80},[66,26323,26324],{"class":137},"removed_age",[66,26326,3954],{"class":80},[66,26328,26329],{"class":1945},"   # 25\n",[66,26331,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,26333,155],{"class":154},[66,26335,158],{"class":80},[66,26337,338],{"class":137},[66,26339,3954],{"class":80},[66,26341,26342],{"class":1945},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[66,26344,26345],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,26346,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,26348,26349],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,26350,26351],{"class":1945},"# Safe version with default value\n",[66,26353,26354,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26380,26382],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,26355,26356],{"class":72},"country ",[66,26358,77],{"class":76},[66,26360,13526],{"class":72},[66,26362,50],{"class":80},[66,26364,26305],{"class":137},[66,26366,158],{"class":80},[66,26368,85],{"class":84},[66,26370,15536],{"class":88},[66,26372,85],{"class":84},[66,26374,105],{"class":80},[66,26376,97],{"class":84},[66,26378,26379],{"class":88},"Not found",[66,26381,85],{"class":84},[66,26383,163],{"class":80},[66,26385,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,26387,155],{"class":154},[66,26389,158],{"class":80},[66,26391,15536],{"class":137},[66,26393,3954],{"class":80},[66,26395,26396],{"class":1945},"       # Not found\n",[20,26398,243,26399,26402,26403,26406,26407,26409],{},[15,26400,26401],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26404,26405],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26408,19947],{}," when the key might not exist.",[52,26411,250,26413,253],{"id":26412},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26414,12851],{},[20,26416,26417,94],{},[15,26418,12851],{},[30,26420,26421,26424,26427,26430],{},[33,26422,26423],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,26425,26426],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,26428,26429],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,26431,26432],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26434,281],{},[57,26436,26438],{"className":59,"code":26437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26439,26440,26480,26484,26507,26511,26525],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26441,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26443,11769],{"class":72},[66,26445,77],{"class":76},[66,26447,81],{"class":80},[66,26449,85],{"class":84},[66,26451,89],{"class":88},[66,26453,85],{"class":84},[66,26455,94],{"class":80},[66,26457,97],{"class":84},[66,26459,308],{"class":88},[66,26461,85],{"class":84},[66,26463,105],{"class":80},[66,26465,97],{"class":84},[66,26467,360],{"class":88},[66,26469,85],{"class":84},[66,26471,94],{"class":80},[66,26473,97],{"class":84},[66,26475,373],{"class":88},[66,26477,85],{"class":84},[66,26479,121],{"class":80},[66,26481,26482],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,26483,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,26485,26486,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,26487,26488],{"class":72},"removed_city ",[66,26490,77],{"class":76},[66,26492,11852],{"class":72},[66,26494,50],{"class":80},[66,26496,26305],{"class":137},[66,26498,158],{"class":80},[66,26500,85],{"class":84},[66,26502,360],{"class":88},[66,26504,85],{"class":84},[66,26506,163],{"class":80},[66,26508,26509],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,26510,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,26512,26513,26515,26517,26520,26522],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,26514,155],{"class":154},[66,26516,158],{"class":80},[66,26518,26519],{"class":137},"removed_city",[66,26521,3954],{"class":80},[66,26523,26524],{"class":1945},"  # Paris\n",[66,26526,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,26528,155],{"class":154},[66,26530,158],{"class":80},[66,26532,11863],{"class":137},[66,26534,3954],{"class":80},[66,26536,26537],{"class":1945},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26539,21030,26540,26543,26544,50],{},[15,26541,26542],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26545,26546],{},"\"Paris\"",[52,26548,2455],{"id":2454},[20,26550,26551],{},"There are two common forms:",[57,26553,26555],{"className":59,"code":26554,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26556,26557,26571],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26558,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26560,672],{"class":72},[66,26562,50],{"class":80},[66,26564,26305],{"class":137},[66,26566,158],{"class":80},[66,26568,1086],{"class":137},[66,26570,163],{"class":80},[66,26572,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26588],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,26574,672],{"class":72},[66,26576,50],{"class":80},[66,26578,26305],{"class":137},[66,26580,158],{"class":80},[66,26582,1086],{"class":137},[66,26584,105],{"class":80},[66,26586,26587],{"class":137}," default",[66,26589,163],{"class":80},[30,26591,26592,26598,26606,26612],{},[33,26593,26594,26597],{},[15,26595,26596],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26599,26600,26602,26603,26605],{},[15,26601,26596],{}," raises ",[15,26604,19947],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26607,26608,26611],{},[15,26609,26610],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26613,26614],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26616,281],{},[57,26618,26620],{"className":59,"code":26619,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26621,26622,26654,26658,26683,26711],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26623,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26625,5359],{"class":72},[66,26627,77],{"class":76},[66,26629,81],{"class":80},[66,26631,85],{"class":84},[66,26633,18677],{"class":88},[66,26635,85],{"class":84},[66,26637,94],{"class":80},[66,26639,20157],{"class":117},[66,26641,105],{"class":80},[66,26643,97],{"class":84},[66,26645,18686],{"class":88},[66,26647,85],{"class":84},[66,26649,94],{"class":80},[66,26651,13784],{"class":117},[66,26653,121],{"class":80},[66,26655,26656],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,26657,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,26659,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,26661,155],{"class":154},[66,26663,158],{"class":80},[66,26665,16663],{"class":137},[66,26667,50],{"class":80},[66,26669,26305],{"class":137},[66,26671,158],{"class":80},[66,26673,85],{"class":84},[66,26675,18677],{"class":88},[66,26677,85],{"class":84},[66,26679,5658],{"class":80},[66,26681,26682],{"class":1945},"         # 90\n",[66,26684,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,26686,155],{"class":154},[66,26688,158],{"class":80},[66,26690,16663],{"class":137},[66,26692,50],{"class":80},[66,26694,26305],{"class":137},[66,26696,158],{"class":80},[66,26698,85],{"class":84},[66,26700,18695],{"class":88},[66,26702,85],{"class":84},[66,26704,105],{"class":80},[66,26706,4127],{"class":117},[66,26708,5658],{"class":80},[66,26710,21027],{"class":1945},[66,26712,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,26714,155],{"class":154},[66,26716,158],{"class":80},[66,26718,16663],{"class":137},[66,26720,3954],{"class":80},[66,26722,26723],{"class":1945},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[52,26725,793],{"id":792},[20,26727,26728,14330,26730,26732],{},[15,26729,13045],{},[185,26731,4926],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26734,26735],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26737,26738,26741],{},[33,26739,26740],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26742,26743],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26745,281],{},[57,26747,26749],{"className":59,"code":26748,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26750,26751,26783,26787,26810,26842,26846,26860,26874],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26752,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26754,472],{"class":72},[66,26756,77],{"class":76},[66,26758,81],{"class":80},[66,26760,85],{"class":84},[66,26762,652],{"class":88},[66,26764,85],{"class":84},[66,26766,94],{"class":80},[66,26768,6297],{"class":117},[66,26770,105],{"class":80},[66,26772,97],{"class":84},[66,26774,1903],{"class":88},[66,26776,85],{"class":84},[66,26778,94],{"class":80},[66,26780,118],{"class":117},[66,26782,121],{"class":80},[66,26784,26785],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,26786,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,26788,26789,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,26790,26791],{"class":72},"result1 ",[66,26793,77],{"class":76},[66,26795,1920],{"class":72},[66,26797,50],{"class":80},[66,26799,26305],{"class":137},[66,26801,158],{"class":80},[66,26803,85],{"class":84},[66,26805,652],{"class":88},[66,26807,85],{"class":84},[66,26809,163],{"class":80},[66,26811,26812,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26838,26840],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,26813,26814],{"class":72},"result2 ",[66,26816,77],{"class":76},[66,26818,1920],{"class":72},[66,26820,50],{"class":80},[66,26822,26305],{"class":137},[66,26824,158],{"class":80},[66,26826,85],{"class":84},[66,26828,10027],{"class":88},[66,26830,85],{"class":84},[66,26832,105],{"class":80},[66,26834,97],{"class":84},[66,26836,26837],{"class":88},"missing",[66,26839,85],{"class":84},[66,26841,163],{"class":80},[66,26843,26844],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,26845,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,26847,26848,26850,26852,26855,26857],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,26849,155],{"class":154},[66,26851,158],{"class":80},[66,26853,26854],{"class":137},"result1",[66,26856,3954],{"class":80},[66,26858,26859],{"class":1945},"  # 10\n",[66,26861,26862,26864,26866,26869,26871],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,26863,155],{"class":154},[66,26865,158],{"class":80},[66,26867,26868],{"class":137},"result2",[66,26870,3954],{"class":80},[66,26872,26873],{"class":1945},"  # missing\n",[66,26875,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,26877,155],{"class":154},[66,26879,158],{"class":80},[66,26881,535],{"class":137},[66,26883,3954],{"class":80},[66,26885,26886],{"class":1945},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26888,26889,26890,6924],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[652,26891,26892],{"href":11021},[15,26893,26894],{},"dict.get()",[52,26896,1154,26898],{"id":26897},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26899,13045],{},[20,26901,243,26902,1161],{},[15,26903,13045],{},[30,26905,26906,26909,26912],{},[33,26907,26908],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26910,26911],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26913,26914],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26916,281],{},[57,26918,26920],{"className":59,"code":26919,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26921,26922,26974,26978,27005,27009,27033,27037,27051,27065],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,26923,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26943,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26958,26960,26962,26965,26967,26969,26972],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,26925,1184],{"class":72},[66,26927,77],{"class":76},[66,26929,81],{"class":80},[66,26931,85],{"class":84},[66,26933,89],{"class":88},[66,26935,85],{"class":84},[66,26937,94],{"class":80},[66,26939,97],{"class":84},[66,26941,26942],{"class":88},"Laptop",[66,26944,85],{"class":84},[66,26946,105],{"class":80},[66,26948,97],{"class":84},[66,26950,1210],{"class":88},[66,26952,85],{"class":84},[66,26954,94],{"class":80},[66,26956,26957],{"class":117}," 1200",[66,26959,105],{"class":80},[66,26961,97],{"class":84},[66,26963,26964],{"class":88},"discount",[66,26966,85],{"class":84},[66,26968,94],{"class":80},[66,26970,26971],{"class":117}," 200",[66,26973,121],{"class":80},[66,26975,26976],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,26977,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,26979,26980,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,26981,26982],{"class":72},"discount_amount ",[66,26984,77],{"class":76},[66,26986,1263],{"class":72},[66,26988,50],{"class":80},[66,26990,26305],{"class":137},[66,26992,158],{"class":80},[66,26994,85],{"class":84},[66,26996,26964],{"class":88},[66,26998,85],{"class":84},[66,27000,105],{"class":80},[66,27002,4127],{"class":117},[66,27004,163],{"class":80},[66,27006,27007],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,27008,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27010,27011,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,27012,27013],{"class":72},"final_price ",[66,27015,77],{"class":76},[66,27017,1263],{"class":72},[66,27019,223],{"class":80},[66,27021,85],{"class":84},[66,27023,1210],{"class":88},[66,27025,85],{"class":84},[66,27027,365],{"class":80},[66,27029,2520],{"class":76},[66,27031,27032],{"class":72}," discount_amount\n",[66,27034,27035],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,27036,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27038,27039,27041,27043,27046,27048],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,27040,155],{"class":154},[66,27042,158],{"class":80},[66,27044,27045],{"class":137},"discount_amount",[66,27047,3954],{"class":80},[66,27049,27050],{"class":1945},"  # 200\n",[66,27052,27053,27055,27057,27060,27062],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,27054,155],{"class":154},[66,27056,158],{"class":80},[66,27058,27059],{"class":137},"final_price",[66,27061,3954],{"class":80},[66,27063,27064],{"class":1945},"      # 1000\n",[66,27066,27067,27069,27071,27074,27076],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,27068,155],{"class":154},[66,27070,158],{"class":80},[66,27072,27073],{"class":137},"product",[66,27075,3954],{"class":80},[66,27077,27078],{"class":1945},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27080,27081],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[52,27083,27085,10871,27087],{"id":27084},"pop-vs-del",[15,27086,13045],{},[15,27088,27089],{},"del",[20,27091,10876,27092,4688,27094,27096],{},[15,27093,13045],{},[15,27095,27089],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1430,27098,243,27100,27102],{"id":27099},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27101,13045],{}," when you need the removed value",[57,27104,27106],{"className":59,"code":27105,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27107,27108,27144,27148,27170,27174,27187],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27109,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27111,291],{"class":72},[66,27113,77],{"class":76},[66,27115,81],{"class":80},[66,27117,85],{"class":84},[66,27119,89],{"class":88},[66,27121,85],{"class":84},[66,27123,94],{"class":80},[66,27125,97],{"class":84},[66,27127,100],{"class":88},[66,27129,85],{"class":84},[66,27131,105],{"class":80},[66,27133,97],{"class":84},[66,27135,110],{"class":88},[66,27137,85],{"class":84},[66,27139,94],{"class":80},[66,27141,323],{"class":117},[66,27143,121],{"class":80},[66,27145,27146],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27147,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27149,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,27151,21885],{"class":72},[66,27153,77],{"class":76},[66,27155,13526],{"class":72},[66,27157,50],{"class":80},[66,27159,26305],{"class":137},[66,27161,158],{"class":80},[66,27163,85],{"class":84},[66,27165,110],{"class":88},[66,27167,85],{"class":84},[66,27169,163],{"class":80},[66,27171,27172],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,27173,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27175,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,27177,155],{"class":154},[66,27179,158],{"class":80},[66,27181,110],{"class":137},[66,27183,3954],{"class":80},[66,27185,27186],{"class":1945},"     # 25\n",[66,27188,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,27190,155],{"class":154},[66,27192,158],{"class":80},[66,27194,338],{"class":137},[66,27196,3954],{"class":80},[66,27198,27199],{"class":1945},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1430,27201,243,27203,27205],{"id":27202},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27204,27089],{}," when you only want deletion",[57,27207,27209],{"className":59,"code":27208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27210,27211,27247,27251,27267,27271],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27212,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27214,291],{"class":72},[66,27216,77],{"class":76},[66,27218,81],{"class":80},[66,27220,85],{"class":84},[66,27222,89],{"class":88},[66,27224,85],{"class":84},[66,27226,94],{"class":80},[66,27228,97],{"class":84},[66,27230,100],{"class":88},[66,27232,85],{"class":84},[66,27234,105],{"class":80},[66,27236,97],{"class":84},[66,27238,110],{"class":88},[66,27240,85],{"class":84},[66,27242,94],{"class":80},[66,27244,323],{"class":117},[66,27246,121],{"class":80},[66,27248,27249],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27250,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27252,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,27254,27089],{"class":1060},[66,27256,13526],{"class":72},[66,27258,223],{"class":80},[66,27260,85],{"class":84},[66,27262,110],{"class":88},[66,27264,85],{"class":84},[66,27266,240],{"class":80},[66,27268,27269],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,27270,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27272,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,27274,155],{"class":154},[66,27276,158],{"class":80},[66,27278,338],{"class":137},[66,27280,3954],{"class":80},[66,27282,27199],{"class":1945},[20,27284,27285],{},"Difference:",[30,27287,27288,27293],{},[33,27289,27290,27292],{},[15,27291,13045],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,27294,27295,27297],{},[15,27296,27089],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27299,27300,27301,50],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[652,27302,12856],{"href":12855},[52,27304,27306,27307],{"id":27305},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27308,19947],{},[20,27310,27311],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1430,27313,27315],{"id":27314},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[57,27317,27319],{"className":59,"code":27318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27320,27321,27346,27350,27376,27380,27392],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27322,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27342,27344],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27324,12005],{"class":72},[66,27326,77],{"class":76},[66,27328,81],{"class":80},[66,27330,85],{"class":84},[66,27332,89],{"class":88},[66,27334,85],{"class":84},[66,27336,94],{"class":80},[66,27338,97],{"class":84},[66,27340,27341],{"class":88},"Sara",[66,27343,85],{"class":84},[66,27345,121],{"class":80},[66,27347,27348],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27349,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27351,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,27353,2745],{"class":72},[66,27355,77],{"class":76},[66,27357,12047],{"class":72},[66,27359,50],{"class":80},[66,27361,26305],{"class":137},[66,27363,158],{"class":80},[66,27365,85],{"class":84},[66,27367,110],{"class":88},[66,27369,85],{"class":84},[66,27371,105],{"class":80},[66,27373,4147],{"class":4146},[66,27375,163],{"class":80},[66,27377,27378],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,27379,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27381,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,27383,155],{"class":154},[66,27385,158],{"class":80},[66,27387,2771],{"class":137},[66,27389,3954],{"class":80},[66,27391,20820],{"class":1945},[66,27393,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,27395,155],{"class":154},[66,27397,158],{"class":80},[66,27399,672],{"class":137},[66,27401,3954],{"class":80},[66,27403,27404],{"class":1945}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27406,27407],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1430,27409,27411],{"id":27410},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[57,27413,27415],{"className":59,"code":27414,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27416,27417,27441,27445,27461,27484,27494,27501],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27418,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27420,12005],{"class":72},[66,27422,77],{"class":76},[66,27424,81],{"class":80},[66,27426,85],{"class":84},[66,27428,89],{"class":88},[66,27430,85],{"class":84},[66,27432,94],{"class":80},[66,27434,97],{"class":84},[66,27436,27341],{"class":88},[66,27438,85],{"class":84},[66,27440,121],{"class":80},[66,27442,27443],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27444,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27446,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,27448,7291],{"class":1060},[66,27450,97],{"class":84},[66,27452,110],{"class":88},[66,27454,85],{"class":84},[66,27456,1372],{"class":76},[66,27458,12047],{"class":72},[66,27460,1133],{"class":80},[66,27462,27463,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,27464,27465],{"class":72},"    value ",[66,27467,77],{"class":76},[66,27469,12047],{"class":72},[66,27471,50],{"class":80},[66,27473,26305],{"class":137},[66,27475,158],{"class":80},[66,27477,85],{"class":84},[66,27479,110],{"class":88},[66,27481,85],{"class":84},[66,27483,163],{"class":80},[66,27485,27486,27488,27490,27492],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,27487,1081],{"class":154},[66,27489,158],{"class":80},[66,27491,2771],{"class":137},[66,27493,163],{"class":80},[66,27495,27496,27499],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,27497,27498],{"class":1060},"else",[66,27500,1133],{"class":80},[66,27502,27503,27505,27507,27509,27512,27514],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,27504,1081],{"class":154},[66,27506,158],{"class":80},[66,27508,85],{"class":84},[66,27510,27511],{"class":88},"Key not found",[66,27513,85],{"class":84},[66,27515,163],{"class":80},[1430,27517,27519,27520,27522],{"id":27518},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27521,11024],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[57,27524,27526],{"className":59,"code":27525,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27527,27528,27552,27556,27582,27586,27598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27529,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27531,12005],{"class":72},[66,27533,77],{"class":76},[66,27535,81],{"class":80},[66,27537,85],{"class":84},[66,27539,89],{"class":88},[66,27541,85],{"class":84},[66,27543,94],{"class":80},[66,27545,97],{"class":84},[66,27547,27341],{"class":88},[66,27549,85],{"class":84},[66,27551,121],{"class":80},[66,27553,27554],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27555,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27557,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,27559,2745],{"class":72},[66,27561,77],{"class":76},[66,27563,12047],{"class":72},[66,27565,50],{"class":80},[66,27567,20010],{"class":137},[66,27569,158],{"class":80},[66,27571,85],{"class":84},[66,27573,110],{"class":88},[66,27575,85],{"class":84},[66,27577,105],{"class":80},[66,27579,4147],{"class":4146},[66,27581,163],{"class":80},[66,27583,27584],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,27585,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27587,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,27589,155],{"class":154},[66,27591,158],{"class":80},[66,27593,2771],{"class":137},[66,27595,3954],{"class":80},[66,27597,20820],{"class":1945},[66,27599,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,27601,155],{"class":154},[66,27603,158],{"class":80},[66,27605,672],{"class":137},[66,27607,3954],{"class":80},[66,27609,27404],{"class":1945},[20,27611,243,27612,27616,27617,50],{},[652,27613,27614],{"href":11021},[15,27615,26894],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[652,27618,11546],{"href":11358},[52,27620,4814],{"id":4813},[20,27622,27623,27624,50],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27625,12851],{},[1430,27627,1854,27629,27631],{"id":27628},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27630,13045],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27633,27634],{},"Lists use indexes:",[57,27636,27638],{"className":59,"code":27637,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27639,27640,27660],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27641,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27643,1706],{"class":72},[66,27645,77],{"class":76},[66,27647,1711],{"class":80},[66,27649,2628],{"class":117},[66,27651,105],{"class":80},[66,27653,118],{"class":117},[66,27655,105],{"class":80},[66,27657,8088],{"class":117},[66,27659,240],{"class":80},[66,27661,27662,27664,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27663,155],{"class":154},[66,27665,158],{"class":80},[66,27667,1735],{"class":137},[66,27669,50],{"class":80},[66,27671,26305],{"class":137},[66,27673,158],{"class":80},[66,27675,1714],{"class":117},[66,27677,5658],{"class":80},[66,27679,27680],{"class":1945},"  # 20\n",[20,27682,27683],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[57,27685,27687],{"className":59,"code":27686,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27688,27689,27725],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27690,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27692,291],{"class":72},[66,27694,77],{"class":76},[66,27696,81],{"class":80},[66,27698,85],{"class":84},[66,27700,89],{"class":88},[66,27702,85],{"class":84},[66,27704,94],{"class":80},[66,27706,97],{"class":84},[66,27708,100],{"class":88},[66,27710,85],{"class":84},[66,27712,105],{"class":80},[66,27714,97],{"class":84},[66,27716,110],{"class":88},[66,27718,85],{"class":84},[66,27720,94],{"class":80},[66,27722,323],{"class":117},[66,27724,121],{"class":80},[66,27726,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27728,155],{"class":154},[66,27730,158],{"class":80},[66,27732,338],{"class":137},[66,27734,50],{"class":80},[66,27736,26305],{"class":137},[66,27738,158],{"class":80},[66,27740,85],{"class":84},[66,27742,110],{"class":88},[66,27744,85],{"class":84},[66,27746,5658],{"class":80},[66,27748,27749],{"class":1945},"  # 25\n",[20,27751,27752,27753,27755,27756,27758],{},"A dictionary does ",[185,27754,4926],{}," use positions with ",[15,27757,13045],{},". It uses keys.",[1430,27760,5000,27762,27764],{"id":27761},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27763,13045],{}," changes the original dictionary",[57,27766,27768],{"className":59,"code":27767,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27769,27770,27802,27806,27828,27832,27845],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27771,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27773,472],{"class":72},[66,27775,77],{"class":76},[66,27777,81],{"class":80},[66,27779,85],{"class":84},[66,27781,2471],{"class":88},[66,27783,85],{"class":84},[66,27785,94],{"class":80},[66,27787,1896],{"class":117},[66,27789,105],{"class":80},[66,27791,97],{"class":84},[66,27793,12026],{"class":88},[66,27795,85],{"class":84},[66,27797,94],{"class":80},[66,27799,1719],{"class":117},[66,27801,121],{"class":80},[66,27803,27804],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27805,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27807,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,27809,2745],{"class":72},[66,27811,77],{"class":76},[66,27813,1920],{"class":72},[66,27815,50],{"class":80},[66,27817,26305],{"class":137},[66,27819,158],{"class":80},[66,27821,85],{"class":84},[66,27823,2471],{"class":88},[66,27825,85],{"class":84},[66,27827,163],{"class":80},[66,27829,27830],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,27831,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27833,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,27835,155],{"class":154},[66,27837,158],{"class":80},[66,27839,2771],{"class":137},[66,27841,3954],{"class":80},[66,27843,27844],{"class":1945},"  # 1\n",[66,27846,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,27848,155],{"class":154},[66,27850,158],{"class":80},[66,27852,535],{"class":137},[66,27854,3954],{"class":80},[66,27856,27857],{"class":1945},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27859,27860,27861,27863],{},"After ",[15,27862,13045],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1430,27865,1848,27867,27869],{"id":27866},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27868,13045],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[57,27871,27873],{"className":59,"code":27872,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27874,27875,27899,27903,27908],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27876,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27878,472],{"class":72},[66,27880,77],{"class":76},[66,27882,81],{"class":80},[66,27884,85],{"class":84},[66,27886,89],{"class":88},[66,27888,85],{"class":84},[66,27890,94],{"class":80},[66,27892,97],{"class":84},[66,27894,8215],{"class":88},[66,27896,85],{"class":84},[66,27898,121],{"class":80},[66,27900,27901],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27902,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27904,27905],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,27906,27907],{"class":1945},"# This causes an error\n",[66,27909,27910],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,27911,27912],{"class":1945},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27914,27915],{},"Safer version:",[57,27917,27919],{"className":59,"code":27918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27920,27921,27945,27949],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27922,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27924,472],{"class":72},[66,27926,77],{"class":76},[66,27928,81],{"class":80},[66,27930,85],{"class":84},[66,27932,89],{"class":88},[66,27934,85],{"class":84},[66,27936,94],{"class":80},[66,27938,97],{"class":84},[66,27940,8215],{"class":88},[66,27942,85],{"class":84},[66,27944,121],{"class":80},[66,27946,27947],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,27948,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,27950,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,27952,155],{"class":154},[66,27954,158],{"class":80},[66,27956,535],{"class":137},[66,27958,50],{"class":80},[66,27960,26305],{"class":137},[66,27962,158],{"class":80},[66,27964,85],{"class":84},[66,27966,110],{"class":88},[66,27968,85],{"class":84},[66,27970,105],{"class":80},[66,27972,97],{"class":84},[66,27974,26837],{"class":88},[66,27976,85],{"class":84},[66,27978,5658],{"class":80},[66,27980,26873],{"class":1945},[1430,27982,1433,27984,27986],{"id":27983},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27985,13045],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[57,27988,27990],{"className":59,"code":27989,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27991,27992,28024,28028,28050,28054,28066],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,27993,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,27995,472],{"class":72},[66,27997,77],{"class":76},[66,27999,81],{"class":80},[66,28001,85],{"class":84},[66,28003,652],{"class":88},[66,28005,85],{"class":84},[66,28007,94],{"class":80},[66,28009,1896],{"class":117},[66,28011,105],{"class":80},[66,28013,97],{"class":84},[66,28015,1903],{"class":88},[66,28017,85],{"class":84},[66,28019,94],{"class":80},[66,28021,1719],{"class":117},[66,28023,121],{"class":80},[66,28025,28026],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,28027,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,28029,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,28031,877],{"class":72},[66,28033,77],{"class":76},[66,28035,1920],{"class":72},[66,28037,50],{"class":80},[66,28039,26305],{"class":137},[66,28041,158],{"class":80},[66,28043,85],{"class":84},[66,28045,652],{"class":88},[66,28047,85],{"class":84},[66,28049,163],{"class":80},[66,28051,28052],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,28053,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,28055,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,28057,155],{"class":154},[66,28059,158],{"class":80},[66,28061,901],{"class":137},[66,28063,3954],{"class":80},[66,28065,27844],{"class":1945},[66,28067,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,28069,155],{"class":154},[66,28071,158],{"class":80},[66,28073,535],{"class":137},[66,28075,3954],{"class":80},[66,28077,28078],{"class":1945},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28080,28081],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[52,28083,28085],{"id":28084},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28087,28088,28089,28091],{},"Problems with ",[15,28090,12851],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,28093,28094,28097,28106,28109],{},[33,28095,28096],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,28098,28099,28100,28103,28104],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28101,28102],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28105,26401],{},[33,28107,28108],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,28110,28111,28112,11376,28114],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28113,1714],{},[15,28115,28116],{},"\"1\"",[20,28118,28119],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[57,28121,28123],{"className":59,"code":28122,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28124,28125,28149,28153,28183],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28126,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28128,472],{"class":72},[66,28130,77],{"class":76},[66,28132,81],{"class":80},[66,28134,85],{"class":84},[66,28136,1714],{"class":88},[66,28138,85],{"class":84},[66,28140,94],{"class":80},[66,28142,97],{"class":84},[66,28144,6878],{"class":88},[66,28146,85],{"class":84},[66,28148,121],{"class":80},[66,28150,28151],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,28152,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,28154,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28176,28178,28180],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,28156,155],{"class":154},[66,28158,158],{"class":80},[66,28160,535],{"class":137},[66,28162,50],{"class":80},[66,28164,26305],{"class":137},[66,28166,158],{"class":80},[66,28168,1714],{"class":117},[66,28170,105],{"class":80},[66,28172,97],{"class":84},[66,28174,28175],{"class":88},"not found",[66,28177,85],{"class":84},[66,28179,5658],{"class":80},[66,28181,28182],{"class":1945},"    # not found\n",[66,28184,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,28186,155],{"class":154},[66,28188,158],{"class":80},[66,28190,535],{"class":137},[66,28192,50],{"class":80},[66,28194,26305],{"class":137},[66,28196,158],{"class":80},[66,28198,85],{"class":84},[66,28200,1714],{"class":88},[66,28202,85],{"class":84},[66,28204,105],{"class":80},[66,28206,97],{"class":84},[66,28208,28175],{"class":88},[66,28210,85],{"class":84},[66,28212,5658],{"class":80},[66,28214,28215],{"class":1945},"  # one\n",[20,28217,28218,4688,28220,28222],{},[15,28219,1714],{},[15,28221,28116],{}," are different keys.",[52,28224,9165],{"id":9164},[20,28226,9168,28227,28229],{},[15,28228,13045],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[57,28231,28233],{"className":59,"code":28232,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28234,28235,28245,28259,28277,28307],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28236,28237,28239,28241,28243],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28238,155],{"class":154},[66,28240,158],{"class":80},[66,28242,672],{"class":137},[66,28244,163],{"class":80},[66,28246,28247,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,28248,155],{"class":154},[66,28250,158],{"class":80},[66,28252,672],{"class":137},[66,28254,50],{"class":80},[66,28256,138],{"class":137},[66,28258,345],{"class":80},[66,28260,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,28262,155],{"class":154},[66,28264,158],{"class":80},[66,28266,202],{"class":84},[66,28268,89],{"class":88},[66,28270,202],{"class":84},[66,28272,1372],{"class":1060},[66,28274,12047],{"class":137},[66,28276,163],{"class":80},[66,28278,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,28280,155],{"class":154},[66,28282,158],{"class":80},[66,28284,672],{"class":137},[66,28286,50],{"class":80},[66,28288,26305],{"class":137},[66,28290,158],{"class":80},[66,28292,202],{"class":84},[66,28294,89],{"class":88},[66,28296,202],{"class":84},[66,28298,105],{"class":80},[66,28300,211],{"class":84},[66,28302,26837],{"class":88},[66,28304,202],{"class":84},[66,28306,181],{"class":80},[66,28308,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,28310,155],{"class":154},[66,28312,158],{"class":80},[66,28314,912],{"class":173},[66,28316,158],{"class":80},[66,28318,672],{"class":137},[66,28320,181],{"class":80},[20,28322,21594],{},[30,28324,28325,28330,28335,28340,28346],{},[33,28326,28327,28329],{},[15,28328,12961],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,28331,28332,28334],{},[15,28333,21606],{}," shows all available keys",[33,28336,28337,28339],{},[15,28338,21612],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,28341,28342,28345],{},[15,28343,28344],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,28347,28348,28350],{},[15,28349,12967],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28352,28353,28354,50],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[652,28355,9679],{"href":654},[52,28357,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,28359,28361,28362,28364],{"id":28360},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28363,13045],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28366,28367],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1430,28369,28371],{"id":28370},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28373,28374,26602,28376,28378,28379,28381],{},[15,28375,26401],{},[15,28377,19947],{},". ",[15,28380,26405],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1430,28383,12986,28385,15171],{"id":28384},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28386,13045],{},[20,28388,28389],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1430,28391,28393,28394,28396],{"id":28392},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28395,13045],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28398,28399,28400,28402,28403,50],{},"Not with ",[15,28401,12851],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[652,28404,28405],{"href":12862},[15,28406,13052],{},[1430,28408,5475,28410,4688,28412,2151],{"id":28409},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28411,11024],{},[15,28413,13045],{},[20,28415,28416,28418,28419,28421],{},[15,28417,11024],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28420,13045],{}," reads and removes it.",[52,28423,2183],{"id":2182},[30,28425,28426,28432,28439,28443,28447,28451],{},[33,28427,28428],{},[652,28429,28430],{"href":11021},[15,28431,19928],{},[33,28433,28434],{},[652,28435,28436],{"href":12862},[15,28437,28438],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,28440,28441],{},[652,28442,13069],{"href":12855},[33,28444,28445],{},[652,28446,21715],{"href":16871},[33,28448,28449],{},[652,28450,11546],{"href":11358},[33,28452,28453],{},[652,28454,28456],{"href":28455},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2222,28458,28459],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":28461},[28462,28463,28465,28466,28467,28469,28476,28483,28493,28494,28495,28506],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":26412,"depth":124,"text":28464},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":26897,"depth":124,"text":28468},"When to use pop()",{"id":27084,"depth":124,"text":28470,"children":28471},"pop() vs del",[28472,28474],{"id":27099,"depth":144,"text":28473},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27202,"depth":144,"text":28475},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27305,"depth":124,"text":28477,"children":28478},"How to avoid KeyError",[28479,28480,28481],{"id":27314,"depth":144,"text":27315},{"id":27410,"depth":144,"text":27411},{"id":27518,"depth":144,"text":28482},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":28484},[28485,28487,28489,28491],{"id":27628,"depth":144,"text":28486},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27761,"depth":144,"text":28488},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27866,"depth":144,"text":28490},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27983,"depth":144,"text":28492},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28084,"depth":124,"text":28085},{"id":9164,"depth":124,"text":9165},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":28496},[28497,28499,28500,28502,28504],{"id":28360,"depth":144,"text":28498},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28370,"depth":144,"text":28371},{"id":28384,"depth":144,"text":28501},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28392,"depth":144,"text":28503},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28409,"depth":144,"text":28505},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26233,"description":28507},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28514,"title":28438,"body":28515,"description":30455,"extension":2260,"meta":30456,"navigation":147,"path":30457,"seo":30458,"stem":30459,"__hash__":30460},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28516,"toc":30419},[28517,28522,28527,28530,28538,28548,28550,28639,28643,28692,28697,28702,28706,28722,28725,28727,28742,28744,28760,28767,28771,28777,28786,28788,28857,28861,28882,28885,28904,28907,28930,28932,28935,29050,29054,29113,29120,29124,29130,29255,29259,29309,29312,29316,29323,29325,29388,29392,29413,29416,29425,29440,29448,29455,29459,29471,29475,29486,29488,29634,29638,29697,29704,29709,29713,29719,29742,29747,29766,29770,29841,29848,29921,29930,29935,29940,29951,29954,30091,30096,30128,30133,30135,30139,30199,30202,30259,30262,30305,30307,30312,30318,30324,30327,30334,30342,30347,30350,30357,30365,30367,30416],[10,28518,13,28520,18],{"id":28519},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28521,13052],{},[20,28523,2277,28524,28526],{},[15,28525,13052],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28528,28529],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28531,28532,28535],{},[33,28533,28534],{},"remove an item",[33,28536,28537],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28539,28540,28541,28543,28544,28547],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28542,13052],{}," removes the ",[185,28545,28546],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[52,28549,55],{"id":54},[57,28551,28553],{"className":59,"code":28552,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28554,28555,28599,28615,28619,28629],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28556,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28558,472],{"class":72},[66,28560,77],{"class":76},[66,28562,81],{"class":80},[66,28564,85],{"class":84},[66,28566,652],{"class":88},[66,28568,85],{"class":84},[66,28570,94],{"class":80},[66,28572,1896],{"class":117},[66,28574,105],{"class":80},[66,28576,97],{"class":84},[66,28578,1903],{"class":88},[66,28580,85],{"class":84},[66,28582,94],{"class":80},[66,28584,1719],{"class":117},[66,28586,105],{"class":80},[66,28588,97],{"class":84},[66,28590,10027],{"class":88},[66,28592,85],{"class":84},[66,28594,94],{"class":80},[66,28596,1724],{"class":117},[66,28598,121],{"class":80},[66,28600,28601,28604,28606,28608,28610,28613],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,28602,28603],{"class":72},"item ",[66,28605,77],{"class":76},[66,28607,1920],{"class":72},[66,28609,50],{"class":80},[66,28611,28612],{"class":137},"popitem",[66,28614,141],{"class":80},[66,28616,28617],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,28618,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,28620,28621,28623,28625,28627],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,28622,155],{"class":154},[66,28624,158],{"class":80},[66,28626,23563],{"class":137},[66,28628,163],{"class":80},[66,28630,28631,28633,28635,28637],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,28632,155],{"class":154},[66,28634,158],{"class":80},[66,28636,535],{"class":137},[66,28638,163],{"class":80},[20,28640,28641],{},[185,28642,187],{},[57,28644,28646],{"className":59,"code":28645,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28647,28648,28664],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28649,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28651,158],{"class":80},[66,28653,202],{"class":84},[66,28655,10027],{"class":88},[66,28657,202],{"class":84},[66,28659,105],{"class":80},[66,28661,1724],{"class":117},[66,28663,163],{"class":80},[66,28665,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674,28676,28678,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,28667,9569],{"class":80},[66,28669,202],{"class":84},[66,28671,652],{"class":88},[66,28673,202],{"class":84},[66,28675,94],{"class":80},[66,28677,1896],{"class":117},[66,28679,105],{"class":80},[66,28681,211],{"class":84},[66,28683,1903],{"class":88},[66,28685,202],{"class":84},[66,28687,94],{"class":80},[66,28689,1719],{"class":117},[66,28691,121],{"class":80},[20,28693,28694,28696],{},[15,28695,13052],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[52,28698,250,28700,253],{"id":28699},"what-popitem-does",[15,28701,13052],{},[20,28703,28704,94],{},[15,28705,13052],{},[30,28707,28708,28711,28716,28719],{},[33,28709,28710],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28712,28713,28714],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28715,21912],{},[33,28717,28718],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28720,28721],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28723,28724],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[52,28726,2455],{"id":2454},[57,28728,28730],{"className":59,"code":28729,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28731,28732],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28733,28734,28736,28738,28740],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28735,15878],{"class":72},[66,28737,50],{"class":80},[66,28739,28612],{"class":137},[66,28741,141],{"class":80},[20,28743,261],{},[30,28745,28746,28754,28757],{},[33,28747,28748,28750,28751],{},[15,28749,13052],{}," takes ",[185,28752,28753],{},"no arguments",[33,28755,28756],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28758,28759],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28761,28762,28763,6924],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[652,28764,28765],{"href":12848},[15,28766,13045],{},[52,28768,28770],{"id":28769},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28772,28773,28774,28776],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28775,13052],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28778,28779,28780,28783],"ol",{},[33,28781,28782],{},"the key",[33,28784,28785],{},"the value",[20,28787,281],{},[57,28789,28791],{"className":59,"code":28790,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28792,28793,28829,28843,28847],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28794,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28796,291],{"class":72},[66,28798,77],{"class":76},[66,28800,81],{"class":80},[66,28802,85],{"class":84},[66,28804,89],{"class":88},[66,28806,85],{"class":84},[66,28808,94],{"class":80},[66,28810,97],{"class":84},[66,28812,5299],{"class":88},[66,28814,85],{"class":84},[66,28816,105],{"class":80},[66,28818,97],{"class":84},[66,28820,110],{"class":88},[66,28822,85],{"class":84},[66,28824,94],{"class":80},[66,28826,323],{"class":117},[66,28828,121],{"class":80},[66,28830,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,28832,877],{"class":72},[66,28834,77],{"class":76},[66,28836,13526],{"class":72},[66,28838,50],{"class":80},[66,28840,28612],{"class":137},[66,28842,141],{"class":80},[66,28844,28845],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,28846,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,28848,28849,28851,28853,28855],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,28850,155],{"class":154},[66,28852,158],{"class":80},[66,28854,901],{"class":137},[66,28856,163],{"class":80},[20,28858,28859],{},[185,28860,187],{},[57,28862,28864],{"className":59,"code":28863,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28865,28866],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28867,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28869,158],{"class":80},[66,28871,202],{"class":84},[66,28873,110],{"class":88},[66,28875,202],{"class":84},[66,28877,105],{"class":80},[66,28879,323],{"class":117},[66,28881,163],{"class":80},[20,28883,28884],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[57,28886,28888],{"className":59,"code":28887,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28889,28890],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28891,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28893,877],{"class":72},[66,28895,77],{"class":76},[66,28897,13526],{"class":72},[66,28899,50],{"class":80},[66,28901,28612],{"class":137},[66,28903,141],{"class":80},[20,28905,28906],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[57,28908,28910],{"className":59,"code":28909,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28911,28912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28913,28914,28916,28918,28920,28922,28924,28926,28928],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28915,1086],{"class":72},[66,28917,105],{"class":80},[66,28919,21842],{"class":72},[66,28921,77],{"class":76},[66,28923,13526],{"class":72},[66,28925,50],{"class":80},[66,28927,28612],{"class":137},[66,28929,141],{"class":80},[52,28931,11756],{"id":11755},[20,28933,28934],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[57,28936,28938],{"className":59,"code":28937,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28939,28940,28988,28992,29007,29011,29031],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,28941,28942,28944,28946,28948,28950,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28972,28974,28976,28979,28981,28983,28986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,28943,5359],{"class":72},[66,28945,77],{"class":76},[66,28947,81],{"class":80},[66,28949,85],{"class":84},[66,28951,28952],{"class":88},"Tom",[66,28954,85],{"class":84},[66,28956,94],{"class":80},[66,28958,5371],{"class":117},[66,28960,105],{"class":80},[66,28962,97],{"class":84},[66,28964,100],{"class":88},[66,28966,85],{"class":84},[66,28968,94],{"class":80},[66,28970,28971],{"class":117}," 95",[66,28973,105],{"class":80},[66,28975,97],{"class":84},[66,28977,28978],{"class":88},"Leo",[66,28980,85],{"class":84},[66,28982,94],{"class":80},[66,28984,28985],{"class":117}," 88",[66,28987,121],{"class":80},[66,28989,28990],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,28991,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,28993,28994,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,28995,28996],{"class":72},"removed_pair ",[66,28998,77],{"class":76},[66,29000,5406],{"class":72},[66,29002,50],{"class":80},[66,29004,28612],{"class":137},[66,29006,141],{"class":80},[66,29008,29009],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,29010,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,29012,29013,29015,29017,29019,29022,29024,29026,29029],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,29014,155],{"class":154},[66,29016,158],{"class":80},[66,29018,85],{"class":84},[66,29020,29021],{"class":88},"Removed:",[66,29023,85],{"class":84},[66,29025,105],{"class":80},[66,29027,29028],{"class":137}," removed_pair",[66,29030,163],{"class":80},[66,29032,29033,29035,29037,29039,29042,29044,29046,29048],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,29034,155],{"class":154},[66,29036,158],{"class":80},[66,29038,85],{"class":84},[66,29040,29041],{"class":88},"After removal:",[66,29043,85],{"class":84},[66,29045,105],{"class":80},[66,29047,5406],{"class":137},[66,29049,163],{"class":80},[20,29051,29052],{},[185,29053,187],{},[57,29055,29057],{"className":59,"code":29056,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29058,29059,29080],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29060,29061,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29062,29063],{"class":72},"Removed",[66,29065,94],{"class":80},[66,29067,9527],{"class":80},[66,29069,202],{"class":84},[66,29071,28978],{"class":88},[66,29073,202],{"class":84},[66,29075,105],{"class":80},[66,29077,28985],{"class":117},[66,29079,163],{"class":80},[66,29081,29082,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29083,29084],{"class":72},"After removal",[66,29086,94],{"class":80},[66,29088,81],{"class":80},[66,29090,202],{"class":84},[66,29092,28952],{"class":88},[66,29094,202],{"class":84},[66,29096,94],{"class":80},[66,29098,5371],{"class":117},[66,29100,105],{"class":80},[66,29102,211],{"class":84},[66,29104,100],{"class":88},[66,29106,202],{"class":84},[66,29108,94],{"class":80},[66,29110,28971],{"class":117},[66,29112,121],{"class":80},[20,29114,29115,29116,29119],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29117,29118],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[52,29121,29123],{"id":29122},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29125,29126,29127,29129],{},"Because ",[15,29128,13052],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[57,29131,29133],{"className":59,"code":29132,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29134,29135,29171,29175,29194,29198,29217,29236],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29136,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29138,15721],{"class":72},[66,29140,77],{"class":76},[66,29142,81],{"class":80},[66,29144,85],{"class":84},[66,29146,15732],{"class":88},[66,29148,85],{"class":84},[66,29150,94],{"class":80},[66,29152,97],{"class":84},[66,29154,15741],{"class":88},[66,29156,85],{"class":84},[66,29158,105],{"class":80},[66,29160,97],{"class":84},[66,29162,15752],{"class":88},[66,29164,85],{"class":84},[66,29166,94],{"class":80},[66,29168,26971],{"class":117},[66,29170,121],{"class":80},[66,29172,29173],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29174,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,29176,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29188,29190,29192],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,29178,1086],{"class":72},[66,29180,105],{"class":80},[66,29182,21842],{"class":72},[66,29184,77],{"class":76},[66,29186,29187],{"class":72}," book",[66,29189,50],{"class":80},[66,29191,28612],{"class":137},[66,29193,141],{"class":80},[66,29195,29196],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,29197,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,29199,29200,29202,29204,29206,29209,29211,29213,29215],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,29201,155],{"class":154},[66,29203,158],{"class":80},[66,29205,85],{"class":84},[66,29207,29208],{"class":88},"Key:",[66,29210,85],{"class":84},[66,29212,105],{"class":80},[66,29214,21837],{"class":137},[66,29216,163],{"class":80},[66,29218,29219,29221,29223,29225,29228,29230,29232,29234],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,29220,155],{"class":154},[66,29222,158],{"class":80},[66,29224,85],{"class":84},[66,29226,29227],{"class":88},"Value:",[66,29229,85],{"class":84},[66,29231,105],{"class":80},[66,29233,8726],{"class":137},[66,29235,163],{"class":80},[66,29237,29238,29240,29242,29244,29247,29249,29251,29253],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,29239,155],{"class":154},[66,29241,158],{"class":80},[66,29243,85],{"class":84},[66,29245,29246],{"class":88},"Dictionary:",[66,29248,85],{"class":84},[66,29250,105],{"class":80},[66,29252,29187],{"class":137},[66,29254,163],{"class":80},[20,29256,29257],{},[185,29258,187],{},[57,29260,29262],{"className":59,"code":29261,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29263,29264,29274,29284],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29265,29266,29269,29271],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29267,29268],{"class":72},"Key",[66,29270,94],{"class":80},[66,29272,29273],{"class":72}," pages\n",[66,29275,29276,29279,29281],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29277,29278],{"class":72},"Value",[66,29280,94],{"class":80},[66,29282,29283],{"class":117}," 200\n",[66,29285,29286,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,29287,29288],{"class":72},"Dictionary",[66,29290,94],{"class":80},[66,29292,81],{"class":80},[66,29294,202],{"class":84},[66,29296,15732],{"class":88},[66,29298,202],{"class":84},[66,29300,94],{"class":80},[66,29302,211],{"class":84},[66,29304,15741],{"class":88},[66,29306,202],{"class":84},[66,29308,121],{"class":80},[20,29310,29311],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[52,29313,29315],{"id":29314},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29317,29318,29319,28543,29321,50],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29320,13052],{},[185,29322,28546],{},[20,29324,281],{},[57,29326,29328],{"className":59,"code":29327,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29329,29330,29374],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29331,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29333,472],{"class":72},[66,29335,77],{"class":76},[66,29337,81],{"class":80},[66,29339,85],{"class":84},[66,29341,2471],{"class":88},[66,29343,85],{"class":84},[66,29345,94],{"class":80},[66,29347,1896],{"class":117},[66,29349,105],{"class":80},[66,29351,97],{"class":84},[66,29353,12026],{"class":88},[66,29355,85],{"class":84},[66,29357,94],{"class":80},[66,29359,1719],{"class":117},[66,29361,105],{"class":80},[66,29363,97],{"class":84},[66,29365,22332],{"class":88},[66,29367,85],{"class":84},[66,29369,94],{"class":80},[66,29371,1724],{"class":117},[66,29373,121],{"class":80},[66,29375,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29377,155],{"class":154},[66,29379,158],{"class":80},[66,29381,535],{"class":137},[66,29383,50],{"class":80},[66,29385,28612],{"class":137},[66,29387,345],{"class":80},[20,29389,29390],{},[185,29391,187],{},[57,29393,29395],{"className":59,"code":29394,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29396,29397],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29398,29399,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29400,158],{"class":80},[66,29402,202],{"class":84},[66,29404,22332],{"class":88},[66,29406,202],{"class":84},[66,29408,105],{"class":80},[66,29410,1724],{"class":117},[66,29412,163],{"class":80},[20,29414,29415],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29417,29418,29419,29421,29422,29424],{},"As a beginner, do ",[185,29420,4926],{}," think of ",[15,29423,13052],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29426,29427,29428,2487,29432,17341,29436,50],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[652,29429,29430],{"href":982},[15,29431,985],{},[652,29433,29434],{"href":17334},[15,29435,17],{},[652,29437,29438],{"href":973},[15,29439,977],{},[52,29441,29443,29444,4688,29446],{"id":29442},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29445,13052],{},[15,29447,13045],{},[20,29449,29450,4688,29452,29454],{},[15,29451,13052],{},[15,29453,13045],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1430,29456,29457],{"id":28612},[15,29458,13052],{},[30,29460,29461,29464,29467],{},[33,29462,29463],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29465,29466],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29468,3984,29469],{},[15,29470,21912],{},[1430,29472,29473],{"id":26305},[15,29474,13045],{},[30,29476,29477,29480,29483],{},[33,29478,29479],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29481,29482],{},"needs the key name",[33,29484,29485],{},"returns only the value",[20,29487,281],{},[57,29489,29491],{"className":59,"code":29490,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29492,29493,29537,29541,29555,29575,29579,29601,29620,29624],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29494,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533,29535],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29496,472],{"class":72},[66,29498,77],{"class":76},[66,29500,81],{"class":80},[66,29502,85],{"class":84},[66,29504,652],{"class":88},[66,29506,85],{"class":84},[66,29508,94],{"class":80},[66,29510,1896],{"class":117},[66,29512,105],{"class":80},[66,29514,97],{"class":84},[66,29516,1903],{"class":88},[66,29518,85],{"class":84},[66,29520,94],{"class":80},[66,29522,1719],{"class":117},[66,29524,105],{"class":80},[66,29526,97],{"class":84},[66,29528,10027],{"class":88},[66,29530,85],{"class":84},[66,29532,94],{"class":80},[66,29534,1724],{"class":117},[66,29536,121],{"class":80},[66,29538,29539],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29540,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,29542,29543,29545,29547,29549,29551,29553],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,29544,28603],{"class":72},[66,29546,77],{"class":76},[66,29548,1920],{"class":72},[66,29550,50],{"class":80},[66,29552,28612],{"class":137},[66,29554,141],{"class":80},[66,29556,29557,29559,29561,29563,29566,29568,29570,29573],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,29558,155],{"class":154},[66,29560,158],{"class":80},[66,29562,85],{"class":84},[66,29564,29565],{"class":88},"popitem():",[66,29567,85],{"class":84},[66,29569,105],{"class":80},[66,29571,29572],{"class":137}," item",[66,29574,163],{"class":80},[66,29576,29577],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,29578,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,29580,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,29582,2745],{"class":72},[66,29584,77],{"class":76},[66,29586,1920],{"class":72},[66,29588,50],{"class":80},[66,29590,26305],{"class":137},[66,29592,158],{"class":80},[66,29594,85],{"class":84},[66,29596,652],{"class":88},[66,29598,85],{"class":84},[66,29600,163],{"class":80},[66,29602,29603,29605,29607,29609,29612,29614,29616,29618],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,29604,155],{"class":154},[66,29606,158],{"class":80},[66,29608,85],{"class":84},[66,29610,29611],{"class":88},"pop('a'):",[66,29613,85],{"class":84},[66,29615,105],{"class":80},[66,29617,8726],{"class":137},[66,29619,163],{"class":80},[66,29621,29622],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,29623,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,29625,29626,29628,29630,29632],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,29627,155],{"class":154},[66,29629,158],{"class":80},[66,29631,535],{"class":137},[66,29633,163],{"class":80},[20,29635,29636],{},[185,29637,187],{},[57,29639,29641],{"className":59,"code":29640,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29642,29643,29664,29681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29644,29645,29647,29650,29652,29654,29656,29658,29660,29662],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29646,28612],{"class":137},[66,29648,29649],{"class":80},"():",[66,29651,9527],{"class":80},[66,29653,202],{"class":84},[66,29655,10027],{"class":88},[66,29657,202],{"class":84},[66,29659,105],{"class":80},[66,29661,1724],{"class":117},[66,29663,163],{"class":80},[66,29665,29666,29668,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29667,26305],{"class":137},[66,29669,158],{"class":80},[66,29671,202],{"class":84},[66,29673,652],{"class":88},[66,29675,202],{"class":84},[66,29677,16726],{"class":80},[66,29679,29680],{"class":117}," 1\n",[66,29682,29683,29685,29687,29689,29691,29693,29695],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,29684,9569],{"class":80},[66,29686,202],{"class":84},[66,29688,1903],{"class":88},[66,29690,202],{"class":84},[66,29692,94],{"class":80},[66,29694,1719],{"class":117},[66,29696,121],{"class":80},[20,29698,243,29699,29703],{},[652,29700,29701],{"href":12848},[15,29702,13045],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29705,243,29706,29708],{},[15,29707,13052],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[52,29710,29712],{"id":29711},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29714,29715,29716,29718],{},"Calling ",[15,29717,13052],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[57,29720,29722],{"className":59,"code":29721,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29723,29724,29732],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29725,29726,29728,29730],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29727,472],{"class":72},[66,29729,77],{"class":76},[66,29731,10126],{"class":80},[66,29733,29734,29736,29738,29740],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29735,535],{"class":72},[66,29737,50],{"class":80},[66,29739,28612],{"class":137},[66,29741,141],{"class":80},[20,29743,29744],{},[185,29745,29746],{},"Error:",[57,29748,29750],{"className":59,"code":29749,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29751,29752],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29753,29754,29756,29758,29760,29763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29755,19947],{"class":173},[66,29757,94],{"class":80},[66,29759,211],{"class":84},[66,29761,29762],{"class":88},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[66,29764,29765],{"class":84},"'\n",[1430,29767,29769],{"id":29768},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[57,29771,29773],{"className":59,"code":29772,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29774,29775,29783,29787,29795,29810,29820,29826],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29776,29777,29779,29781],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29778,472],{"class":72},[66,29780,77],{"class":76},[66,29782,10126],{"class":80},[66,29784,29785],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29786,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,29788,29789,29791,29793],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,29790,7291],{"class":1060},[66,29792,1920],{"class":72},[66,29794,1133],{"class":80},[66,29796,29797,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,29798,29799],{"class":72},"    item ",[66,29801,77],{"class":76},[66,29803,1920],{"class":72},[66,29805,50],{"class":80},[66,29807,28612],{"class":137},[66,29809,141],{"class":80},[66,29811,29812,29814,29816,29818],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,29813,1081],{"class":154},[66,29815,158],{"class":80},[66,29817,23563],{"class":137},[66,29819,163],{"class":80},[66,29821,29822,29824],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,29823,27498],{"class":1060},[66,29825,1133],{"class":80},[66,29827,29828,29830,29832,29834,29837,29839],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,29829,1081],{"class":154},[66,29831,158],{"class":80},[66,29833,85],{"class":84},[66,29835,29836],{"class":88},"Dictionary is empty",[66,29838,85],{"class":84},[66,29840,163],{"class":80},[1430,29842,29844,29845],{"id":29843},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29846,29847],{},"try-except",[57,29849,29851],{"className":59,"code":29850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29852,29853,29861,29865,29872,29886,29896,29906],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29854,29855,29857,29859],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29856,472],{"class":72},[66,29858,77],{"class":76},[66,29860,10126],{"class":80},[66,29862,29863],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29864,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,29866,29867,29870],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,29868,29869],{"class":1060},"try",[66,29871,1133],{"class":80},[66,29873,29874,29876,29878,29880,29882,29884],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,29875,29799],{"class":72},[66,29877,77],{"class":76},[66,29879,1920],{"class":72},[66,29881,50],{"class":80},[66,29883,28612],{"class":137},[66,29885,141],{"class":80},[66,29887,29888,29890,29892,29894],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,29889,1081],{"class":154},[66,29891,158],{"class":80},[66,29893,23563],{"class":137},[66,29895,163],{"class":80},[66,29897,29898,29901,29904],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,29899,29900],{"class":1060},"except",[66,29902,29903],{"class":173}," KeyError",[66,29905,1133],{"class":80},[66,29907,29908,29910,29912,29914,29917,29919],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,29909,1081],{"class":154},[66,29911,158],{"class":80},[66,29913,85],{"class":84},[66,29915,29916],{"class":88},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[66,29918,85],{"class":84},[66,29920,163],{"class":80},[20,29922,29923,29924,50],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[652,29925,1755,29927],{"href":29926},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29928,29929],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[52,29931,1154,29933],{"id":29932},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29934,13052],{},[20,29936,29937,29939],{},[15,29938,13052],{}," is useful when:",[30,29941,29942,29945,29948],{},[33,29943,29944],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,29946,29947],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,29949,29950],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29952,29953],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[57,29955,29957],{"className":59,"code":29956,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29958,29959,29968,29988,30008,30026,30030,30034,30044,30063],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,29960,29961,29964,29966],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,29962,29963],{"class":72},"tasks ",[66,29965,77],{"class":76},[66,29967,11774],{"class":80},[66,29969,29970,29972,29975,29977,29979,29981,29984,29986],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,29971,11779],{"class":84},[66,29973,29974],{"class":88},"first",[66,29976,85],{"class":84},[66,29978,94],{"class":80},[66,29980,97],{"class":84},[66,29982,29983],{"class":88},"wash dishes",[66,29985,85],{"class":84},[66,29987,11795],{"class":80},[66,29989,29990,29992,29995,29997,29999,30001,30004,30006],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,29991,11779],{"class":84},[66,29993,29994],{"class":88},"second",[66,29996,85],{"class":84},[66,29998,94],{"class":80},[66,30000,97],{"class":84},[66,30002,30003],{"class":88},"do homework",[66,30005,85],{"class":84},[66,30007,11795],{"class":80},[66,30009,30010,30012,30015,30017,30019,30021,30024],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,30011,11779],{"class":84},[66,30013,30014],{"class":88},"third",[66,30016,85],{"class":84},[66,30018,94],{"class":80},[66,30020,97],{"class":84},[66,30022,30023],{"class":88},"read book",[66,30025,376],{"class":84},[66,30027,30028],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,30029,121],{"class":80},[66,30031,30032],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,30033,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,30035,30036,30039,30042],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,30037,30038],{"class":1060},"while",[66,30040,30041],{"class":72}," tasks",[66,30043,1133],{"class":80},[66,30045,30046,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,30047,30048],{"class":72},"    key",[66,30050,105],{"class":80},[66,30052,21842],{"class":72},[66,30054,77],{"class":76},[66,30056,30041],{"class":72},[66,30058,50],{"class":80},[66,30060,28612],{"class":137},[66,30062,141],{"class":80},[66,30064,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,30066,1081],{"class":154},[66,30068,158],{"class":80},[66,30070,22548],{"class":957},[66,30072,85],{"class":88},[66,30074,9569],{"class":117},[66,30076,1086],{"class":137},[66,30078,22557],{"class":117},[66,30080,22560],{"class":88},[66,30082,9569],{"class":117},[66,30084,2771],{"class":137},[66,30086,22557],{"class":117},[66,30088,85],{"class":88},[66,30090,163],{"class":80},[20,30092,30093],{},[185,30094,30095],{},"Possible output:",[57,30097,30099],{"className":59,"code":30098,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30100,30101,30110,30119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30102,30103,30105,30107],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30104,30014],{"class":72},[66,30106,94],{"class":80},[66,30108,30109],{"class":72}," read book\n",[66,30111,30112,30114,30116],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,30113,29994],{"class":72},[66,30115,94],{"class":80},[66,30117,30118],{"class":72}," do homework\n",[66,30120,30121,30123,30125],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,30122,29974],{"class":72},[66,30124,94],{"class":80},[66,30126,30127],{"class":72}," wash dishes\n",[20,30129,29126,30130,30132],{},[15,30131,13052],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[52,30134,1838],{"id":1837},[20,30136,15009,30137,94],{},[15,30138,13052],{},[30,30140,30141,30155,30174,30185],{},[33,30142,30143,30148],{},[185,30144,29715,30145,30147],{},[15,30146,13052],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,30149,30150],{},[33,30151,30152,30153,50],{},"This raises ",[15,30154,19947],{},[33,30156,30157,30162],{},[185,30158,1433,30159,30161],{},[15,30160,13052],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,30163,30164,30167],{},[33,30165,30166],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,30168,243,30169,30173],{},[652,30170,30171],{"href":12848},[15,30172,13045],{}," if you need that.",[33,30175,30176,30180],{},[185,30177,5000,30178,27764],{},[15,30179,13052],{},[30,30181,30182],{},[33,30183,30184],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,30186,30187,30190],{},[185,30188,30189],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,30191,30192],{},[33,30193,30194,638,30196,30198],{},[15,30195,13052],{},[15,30197,21912],{}," tuple.",[20,30200,30201],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[57,30203,30205],{"className":59,"code":30204,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30206,30207,30217,30231,30235,30249],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30208,30209,30211,30213,30215],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30210,155],{"class":154},[66,30212,158],{"class":80},[66,30214,672],{"class":137},[66,30216,163],{"class":80},[66,30218,30219,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,30220,155],{"class":154},[66,30222,158],{"class":80},[66,30224,11445],{"class":154},[66,30226,158],{"class":80},[66,30228,672],{"class":137},[66,30230,181],{"class":80},[66,30232,30233],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,30234,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,30236,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,30238,28603],{"class":72},[66,30240,77],{"class":76},[66,30242,12047],{"class":72},[66,30244,50],{"class":80},[66,30246,28612],{"class":137},[66,30248,141],{"class":80},[66,30250,30251,30253,30255,30257],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,30252,155],{"class":154},[66,30254,158],{"class":80},[66,30256,23563],{"class":137},[66,30258,163],{"class":80},[20,30260,30261],{},"Or with unpacking:",[57,30263,30265],{"className":59,"code":30264,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30266,30267,30285,30295],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30268,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30270,1086],{"class":72},[66,30272,105],{"class":80},[66,30274,21842],{"class":72},[66,30276,77],{"class":76},[66,30278,12047],{"class":72},[66,30280,50],{"class":80},[66,30282,28612],{"class":137},[66,30284,141],{"class":80},[66,30286,30287,30289,30291,30293],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,30288,155],{"class":154},[66,30290,158],{"class":80},[66,30292,1086],{"class":137},[66,30294,163],{"class":80},[66,30296,30297,30299,30301,30303],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,30298,155],{"class":154},[66,30300,158],{"class":80},[66,30302,2771],{"class":137},[66,30304,163],{"class":80},[52,30306,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,30308,5438,30310,2122],{"id":30309},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30311,13052],{},[20,30313,30314,30315,50],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30316,30317],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1430,30319,12986,30321,30323],{"id":30320},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30322,13052],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30325,30326],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1430,30328,30330,30331,30333],{"id":30329},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30332,13052],{}," removes?",[20,30335,30336,30337,30341],{},"No. Use ",[652,30338,30339],{"href":12848},[15,30340,13045],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1430,30343,12986,30345,15171],{"id":30344},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30346,13052],{},[20,30348,30349],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1430,30351,30353,30354,30356],{"id":30352},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30355,13052],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30358,30359,30360,30362,30363,50],{},"It raises ",[15,30361,19947],{}," with the message ",[15,30364,29762],{},[52,30366,2183],{"id":2182},[30,30368,30369,30376,30382,30388,30394,30401,30405,30409],{},[33,30370,30371],{},[652,30372,30373,30375],{"href":12848},[15,30374,13045],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,30377,30378],{},[652,30379,30380,30375],{"href":982},[15,30381,985],{},[33,30383,30384],{},[652,30385,30386,30375],{"href":17334},[15,30387,17],{},[33,30389,30390],{},[652,30391,30392,30375],{"href":973},[15,30393,977],{},[33,30395,30396],{},[652,30397,30399,30375],{"href":30398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30400,11604],{},[33,30402,30403],{},[652,30404,13069],{"href":12855},[33,30406,30407],{},[652,30408,21715],{"href":16871},[33,30410,30411],{},[652,30412,30413,30414],{"href":29926},"Fix ",[15,30415,29929],{},[2222,30417,30418],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":30420},[30421,30422,30424,30425,30426,30427,30428,30429,30434,30439,30441,30442,30454],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":28699,"depth":124,"text":30423},"What popitem() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":28769,"depth":124,"text":28770},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":29122,"depth":124,"text":29123},{"id":29314,"depth":124,"text":29315},{"id":29442,"depth":124,"text":30430,"children":30431},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30432,30433],{"id":28612,"depth":144,"text":13052},{"id":26305,"depth":144,"text":13045},{"id":29711,"depth":124,"text":29712,"children":30435},[30436,30437],{"id":29768,"depth":144,"text":29769},{"id":29843,"depth":144,"text":30438},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29932,"depth":124,"text":30440},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":30443},[30444,30446,30448,30450,30452],{"id":30309,"depth":144,"text":30445},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30320,"depth":144,"text":30447},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30329,"depth":144,"text":30449},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30344,"depth":144,"text":30451},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30352,"depth":144,"text":30453},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28438,"description":30455},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30462,"title":30463,"body":30464,"description":32367,"extension":2260,"meta":32368,"navigation":147,"path":14309,"seo":32369,"stem":32370,"__hash__":32371},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30465,"toc":32339},[30466,30471,30476,30479,30481,30578,30583,30588,30593,30596,30604,30607,30622,30624,30724,30726,30783,30787,30789,30792,30812,30817,30828,30831,30858,30861,30863,30920,30922,30943,30949,30954,30957,30968,30970,31078,31080,31133,31135,31147,31154,31160,31165,31168,31256,31258,31303,31306,31314,31317,31320,31389,31392,31395,31399,31402,31473,31475,31528,31531,31534,31537,31552,31555,31567,31570,31633,31635,31641,31643,31645,31724,31726,31767,31769,31834,31836,31873,31878,31883,31887,31901,31904,32027,32029,32114,32119,32121,32125,32147,32150,32230,32233,32252,32257,32259,32265,32270,32276,32279,32285,32288,32294,32299,32305,32311,32313,32336],[10,30467,13,30469,18],{"id":30468},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30470,15228],{},[20,30472,2277,30473,30475],{},[15,30474,15228],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30477,30478],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[52,30480,55],{"id":54},[57,30482,30484],{"className":59,"code":30483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30485,30486,30522,30563,30573],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30487,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30489,291],{"class":72},[66,30491,77],{"class":76},[66,30493,81],{"class":80},[66,30495,85],{"class":84},[66,30497,89],{"class":88},[66,30499,85],{"class":84},[66,30501,94],{"class":80},[66,30503,97],{"class":84},[66,30505,100],{"class":88},[66,30507,85],{"class":84},[66,30509,105],{"class":80},[66,30511,97],{"class":84},[66,30513,110],{"class":88},[66,30515,85],{"class":84},[66,30517,94],{"class":80},[66,30519,118],{"class":117},[66,30521,121],{"class":80},[66,30523,30524,30526,30528,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,30525,338],{"class":72},[66,30527,50],{"class":80},[66,30529,30530],{"class":137},"update",[66,30532,5824],{"class":80},[66,30534,85],{"class":84},[66,30536,110],{"class":88},[66,30538,85],{"class":84},[66,30540,94],{"class":80},[66,30542,30543],{"class":117}," 21",[66,30545,105],{"class":80},[66,30547,97],{"class":84},[66,30549,360],{"class":88},[66,30551,85],{"class":84},[66,30553,94],{"class":80},[66,30555,97],{"class":84},[66,30557,16305],{"class":88},[66,30559,85],{"class":84},[66,30561,30562],{"class":80},"})\n",[66,30564,30565,30567,30569,30571],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,30566,155],{"class":154},[66,30568,158],{"class":80},[66,30570,338],{"class":137},[66,30572,163],{"class":80},[66,30574,30575],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,30576,30577],{"class":1945},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30579,243,30580,30582],{},[15,30581,15228],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[52,30584,250,30586,253],{"id":30585},"what-update-does",[15,30587,15228],{},[20,30589,30590,30592],{},[15,30591,15228],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30594,30595],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30597,30598,30601],{},[33,30599,30600],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30602,30603],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30605,30606],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30608,30609,30612,30615,30619],{},[33,30610,30611],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30613,30614],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30616,5443,30617],{},[15,30618,4071],{},[33,30620,30621],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30623,281],{},[57,30625,30627],{"className":59,"code":30626,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30628,30629,30671,30714],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30630,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30667,30669],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30632,73],{"class":72},[66,30634,77],{"class":76},[66,30636,81],{"class":80},[66,30638,85],{"class":84},[66,30640,89],{"class":88},[66,30642,85],{"class":84},[66,30644,94],{"class":80},[66,30646,97],{"class":84},[66,30648,30649],{"class":88},"Mira",[66,30651,85],{"class":84},[66,30653,105],{"class":80},[66,30655,97],{"class":84},[66,30657,509],{"class":88},[66,30659,85],{"class":84},[66,30661,94],{"class":80},[66,30663,97],{"class":84},[66,30665,30666],{"class":88},"B",[66,30668,85],{"class":84},[66,30670,121],{"class":80},[66,30672,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30710,30712],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,30674,733],{"class":72},[66,30676,50],{"class":80},[66,30678,30530],{"class":137},[66,30680,5824],{"class":80},[66,30682,85],{"class":84},[66,30684,509],{"class":88},[66,30686,85],{"class":84},[66,30688,94],{"class":80},[66,30690,97],{"class":84},[66,30692,518],{"class":88},[66,30694,85],{"class":84},[66,30696,105],{"class":80},[66,30698,97],{"class":84},[66,30700,360],{"class":88},[66,30702,85],{"class":84},[66,30704,94],{"class":80},[66,30706,97],{"class":84},[66,30708,30709],{"class":88},"Quito",[66,30711,85],{"class":84},[66,30713,30562],{"class":80},[66,30715,30716,30718,30720,30722],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,30717,155],{"class":154},[66,30719,158],{"class":80},[66,30721,733],{"class":137},[66,30723,163],{"class":80},[20,30725,187],{},[57,30727,30729],{"className":59,"code":30728,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30730,30731],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30732,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30734,9569],{"class":80},[66,30736,202],{"class":84},[66,30738,89],{"class":88},[66,30740,202],{"class":84},[66,30742,94],{"class":80},[66,30744,211],{"class":84},[66,30746,30649],{"class":88},[66,30748,202],{"class":84},[66,30750,105],{"class":80},[66,30752,211],{"class":84},[66,30754,509],{"class":88},[66,30756,202],{"class":84},[66,30758,94],{"class":80},[66,30760,211],{"class":84},[66,30762,518],{"class":88},[66,30764,202],{"class":84},[66,30766,105],{"class":80},[66,30768,211],{"class":84},[66,30770,360],{"class":88},[66,30772,202],{"class":84},[66,30774,94],{"class":80},[66,30776,211],{"class":84},[66,30778,30709],{"class":88},[66,30780,202],{"class":84},[66,30782,121],{"class":80},[20,30784,650,30785,50],{},[652,30786,655],{"href":654},[52,30788,2455],{"id":2454},[20,30790,30791],{},"The basic form is:",[57,30793,30795],{"className":59,"code":30794,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30796,30797],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30798,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30810],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30800,15878],{"class":72},[66,30802,50],{"class":80},[66,30804,30530],{"class":137},[66,30806,158],{"class":80},[66,30808,30809],{"class":137},"other",[66,30811,163],{"class":80},[20,30813,30814,30816],{},[15,30815,30809],{}," can be:",[30,30818,30819,30822,30825],{},[33,30820,30821],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30823,30824],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30826,30827],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30829,30830],{},"You can also use:",[57,30832,30834],{"className":59,"code":30833,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30835,30836],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30837,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30839,15878],{"class":72},[66,30841,50],{"class":80},[66,30843,30530],{"class":137},[66,30845,158],{"class":80},[66,30847,89],{"class":9467},[66,30849,77],{"class":76},[66,30851,85],{"class":84},[66,30853,7970],{"class":88},[66,30855,85],{"class":84},[66,30857,163],{"class":80},[20,30859,30860],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30862,281],{},[57,30864,30866],{"className":59,"code":30865,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30867,30868,30888,30910],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30869,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30871,472],{"class":72},[66,30873,77],{"class":76},[66,30875,81],{"class":80},[66,30877,85],{"class":84},[66,30879,652],{"class":88},[66,30881,85],{"class":84},[66,30883,94],{"class":80},[66,30885,1896],{"class":117},[66,30887,121],{"class":80},[66,30889,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,30891,535],{"class":72},[66,30893,50],{"class":80},[66,30895,30530],{"class":137},[66,30897,5824],{"class":80},[66,30899,85],{"class":84},[66,30901,652],{"class":88},[66,30903,85],{"class":84},[66,30905,94],{"class":80},[66,30907,6297],{"class":117},[66,30909,30562],{"class":80},[66,30911,30912,30914,30916,30918],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,30913,155],{"class":154},[66,30915,158],{"class":80},[66,30917,535],{"class":137},[66,30919,163],{"class":80},[20,30921,187],{},[57,30923,30925],{"className":59,"code":30924,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30926,30927],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30928,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30930,9569],{"class":80},[66,30932,202],{"class":84},[66,30934,652],{"class":88},[66,30936,202],{"class":84},[66,30938,94],{"class":80},[66,30940,6297],{"class":117},[66,30942,121],{"class":80},[52,30944,1848,30946,30948],{"id":30945},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30947,15228],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30950,30951,30952,50],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30953,15228],{},[20,30955,30956],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30958,30959,30962,30965],{},[33,30960,30961],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30963,30964],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30966,30967],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30969,281],{},[57,30971,30973],{"className":59,"code":30972,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30974,30975,31012,31049,31053,31068],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,30976,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31010],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,30978,14102],{"class":72},[66,30980,77],{"class":76},[66,30982,81],{"class":80},[66,30984,85],{"class":84},[66,30986,12776],{"class":88},[66,30988,85],{"class":84},[66,30990,94],{"class":80},[66,30992,97],{"class":84},[66,30994,21187],{"class":88},[66,30996,85],{"class":84},[66,30998,105],{"class":80},[66,31000,97],{"class":84},[66,31002,14127],{"class":88},[66,31004,85],{"class":84},[66,31006,94],{"class":80},[66,31008,31009],{"class":117}," 12",[66,31011,121],{"class":80},[66,31013,31014,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31015,31016],{"class":72},"new_settings ",[66,31018,77],{"class":76},[66,31020,81],{"class":80},[66,31022,85],{"class":84},[66,31024,14127],{"class":88},[66,31026,85],{"class":84},[66,31028,94],{"class":80},[66,31030,14134],{"class":117},[66,31032,105],{"class":80},[66,31034,97],{"class":84},[66,31036,20382],{"class":88},[66,31038,85],{"class":84},[66,31040,94],{"class":80},[66,31042,97],{"class":84},[66,31044,20416],{"class":88},[66,31046,85],{"class":84},[66,31048,121],{"class":80},[66,31050,31051],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,31052,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,31054,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31066],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,31056,14161],{"class":72},[66,31058,50],{"class":80},[66,31060,30530],{"class":137},[66,31062,158],{"class":80},[66,31064,31065],{"class":137},"new_settings",[66,31067,163],{"class":80},[66,31069,31070,31072,31074,31076],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,31071,155],{"class":154},[66,31073,158],{"class":80},[66,31075,14161],{"class":137},[66,31077,163],{"class":80},[20,31079,187],{},[57,31081,31083],{"className":59,"code":31082,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31084,31085],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31086,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31088,9569],{"class":80},[66,31090,202],{"class":84},[66,31092,12776],{"class":88},[66,31094,202],{"class":84},[66,31096,94],{"class":80},[66,31098,211],{"class":84},[66,31100,21187],{"class":88},[66,31102,202],{"class":84},[66,31104,105],{"class":80},[66,31106,211],{"class":84},[66,31108,14127],{"class":88},[66,31110,202],{"class":84},[66,31112,94],{"class":80},[66,31114,14134],{"class":117},[66,31116,105],{"class":80},[66,31118,211],{"class":84},[66,31120,20382],{"class":88},[66,31122,202],{"class":84},[66,31124,94],{"class":80},[66,31126,211],{"class":84},[66,31128,20416],{"class":88},[66,31130,202],{"class":84},[66,31132,121],{"class":80},[20,31134,13686],{},[30,31136,31137,31142],{},[33,31138,31139,31141],{},[15,31140,14127],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,31143,31144,31146],{},[15,31145,20382],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31148,31149,31150,50],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[652,31151,31153],{"href":31152},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[52,31155,1848,31157,31159],{"id":31156},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31158,15228],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31161,31162,31164],{},[15,31163,15228],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31166,31167],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[57,31169,31171],{"className":59,"code":31170,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31172,31173,31193,31228,31232,31246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31174,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31176,5359],{"class":72},[66,31178,77],{"class":76},[66,31180,81],{"class":80},[66,31182,85],{"class":84},[66,31184,18677],{"class":88},[66,31186,85],{"class":84},[66,31188,94],{"class":80},[66,31190,20157],{"class":117},[66,31192,121],{"class":80},[66,31194,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31220,31222,31224,31226],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31196,9506],{"class":72},[66,31198,77],{"class":76},[66,31200,9511],{"class":80},[66,31202,85],{"class":84},[66,31204,18686],{"class":88},[66,31206,85],{"class":84},[66,31208,105],{"class":80},[66,31210,13784],{"class":117},[66,31212,9524],{"class":80},[66,31214,9527],{"class":80},[66,31216,85],{"class":84},[66,31218,31219],{"class":88},"english",[66,31221,85],{"class":84},[66,31223,105],{"class":80},[66,31225,28985],{"class":117},[66,31227,9540],{"class":80},[66,31229,31230],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,31231,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,31233,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,31235,16663],{"class":72},[66,31237,50],{"class":80},[66,31239,30530],{"class":137},[66,31241,158],{"class":80},[66,31243,9553],{"class":137},[66,31245,163],{"class":80},[66,31247,31248,31250,31252,31254],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,31249,155],{"class":154},[66,31251,158],{"class":80},[66,31253,16663],{"class":137},[66,31255,163],{"class":80},[20,31257,187],{},[57,31259,31261],{"className":59,"code":31260,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31262,31263],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31264,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31266,9569],{"class":80},[66,31268,202],{"class":84},[66,31270,18677],{"class":88},[66,31272,202],{"class":84},[66,31274,94],{"class":80},[66,31276,20157],{"class":117},[66,31278,105],{"class":80},[66,31280,211],{"class":84},[66,31282,18686],{"class":88},[66,31284,202],{"class":84},[66,31286,94],{"class":80},[66,31288,13784],{"class":117},[66,31290,105],{"class":80},[66,31292,211],{"class":84},[66,31294,31219],{"class":88},[66,31296,202],{"class":84},[66,31298,94],{"class":80},[66,31300,28985],{"class":117},[66,31302,121],{"class":80},[20,31304,31305],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,31307,31308,31311],{},[33,31309,31310],{},"The key",[33,31312,31313],{},"The value",[20,31315,31316],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31318,31319],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[57,31321,31323],{"className":59,"code":31322,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31324,31325,31345,31370,31374],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31326,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31328,472],{"class":72},[66,31330,77],{"class":76},[66,31332,81],{"class":80},[66,31334,85],{"class":84},[66,31336,652],{"class":88},[66,31338,85],{"class":84},[66,31340,94],{"class":80},[66,31342,1896],{"class":117},[66,31344,121],{"class":80},[66,31346,31347,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31348,31349],{"class":72},"bad_pairs ",[66,31351,77],{"class":76},[66,31353,9511],{"class":80},[66,31355,85],{"class":84},[66,31357,1903],{"class":88},[66,31359,85],{"class":84},[66,31361,105],{"class":80},[66,31363,1719],{"class":117},[66,31365,105],{"class":80},[66,31367,1724],{"class":117},[66,31369,9540],{"class":80},[66,31371,31372],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,31373,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,31375,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31387],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,31377,535],{"class":72},[66,31379,50],{"class":80},[66,31381,30530],{"class":137},[66,31383,158],{"class":80},[66,31385,31386],{"class":137},"bad_pairs",[66,31388,163],{"class":80},[20,31390,31391],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31393,31394],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[52,31396,31398],{"id":31397},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31400,31401],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[57,31403,31405],{"className":59,"code":31404,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31406,31407,31431,31463],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31408,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31410,11769],{"class":72},[66,31412,77],{"class":76},[66,31414,81],{"class":80},[66,31416,85],{"class":84},[66,31418,89],{"class":88},[66,31420,85],{"class":84},[66,31422,94],{"class":80},[66,31424,97],{"class":84},[66,31426,28978],{"class":88},[66,31428,85],{"class":84},[66,31430,121],{"class":80},[66,31432,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31452,31454,31456,31459,31461],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31434,11863],{"class":72},[66,31436,50],{"class":80},[66,31438,30530],{"class":137},[66,31440,158],{"class":80},[66,31442,110],{"class":9467},[66,31444,77],{"class":76},[66,31446,9485],{"class":117},[66,31448,105],{"class":80},[66,31450,31451],{"class":9467}," city",[66,31453,77],{"class":76},[66,31455,85],{"class":84},[66,31457,31458],{"class":88},"Madrid",[66,31460,85],{"class":84},[66,31462,163],{"class":80},[66,31464,31465,31467,31469,31471],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,31466,155],{"class":154},[66,31468,158],{"class":80},[66,31470,11863],{"class":137},[66,31472,163],{"class":80},[20,31474,187],{},[57,31476,31478],{"className":59,"code":31477,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31479,31480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31481,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31483,9569],{"class":80},[66,31485,202],{"class":84},[66,31487,89],{"class":88},[66,31489,202],{"class":84},[66,31491,94],{"class":80},[66,31493,211],{"class":84},[66,31495,28978],{"class":88},[66,31497,202],{"class":84},[66,31499,105],{"class":80},[66,31501,211],{"class":84},[66,31503,110],{"class":88},[66,31505,202],{"class":84},[66,31507,94],{"class":80},[66,31509,323],{"class":117},[66,31511,105],{"class":80},[66,31513,211],{"class":84},[66,31515,360],{"class":88},[66,31517,202],{"class":84},[66,31519,94],{"class":80},[66,31521,211],{"class":84},[66,31523,31458],{"class":88},[66,31525,202],{"class":84},[66,31527,121],{"class":80},[20,31529,31530],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31532,31533],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31535,31536],{},"These work:",[30,31538,31539,31543,31547],{},[33,31540,31541],{},[15,31542,110],{},[33,31544,31545],{},[15,31546,360],{},[33,31548,31549],{},[15,31550,31551],{},"first_name",[20,31553,31554],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31556,31557,31562],{},[33,31558,31559],{},[15,31560,31561],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31563,31564],{},[15,31565,31566],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31568,31569],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[57,31571,31573],{"className":59,"code":31572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31574,31575,31583,31623],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31576,31577,31579,31581],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31578,11769],{"class":72},[66,31580,77],{"class":76},[66,31582,10126],{"class":80},[66,31584,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31614,31616,31618,31621],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31586,11863],{"class":72},[66,31588,50],{"class":80},[66,31590,30530],{"class":137},[66,31592,5824],{"class":80},[66,31594,85],{"class":84},[66,31596,10798],{"class":88},[66,31598,85],{"class":84},[66,31600,94],{"class":80},[66,31602,97],{"class":84},[66,31604,28978],{"class":88},[66,31606,85],{"class":84},[66,31608,105],{"class":80},[66,31610,97],{"class":84},[66,31612,31613],{"class":88},"user-id",[66,31615,85],{"class":84},[66,31617,94],{"class":80},[66,31619,31620],{"class":117}," 1001",[66,31622,30562],{"class":80},[66,31624,31625,31627,31629,31631],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,31626,155],{"class":154},[66,31628,158],{"class":80},[66,31630,11863],{"class":137},[66,31632,163],{"class":80},[52,31634,793],{"id":792},[20,31636,31637,2695,31639,50],{},[15,31638,15228],{},[15,31640,4071],{},[20,31642,14325],{},[20,31644,742],{},[57,31646,31648],{"className":59,"code":31647,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31649,31650,31674,31700,31704,31714],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31651,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31653,291],{"class":72},[66,31655,77],{"class":76},[66,31657,81],{"class":80},[66,31659,85],{"class":84},[66,31661,89],{"class":88},[66,31663,85],{"class":84},[66,31665,94],{"class":80},[66,31667,97],{"class":84},[66,31669,100],{"class":88},[66,31671,85],{"class":84},[66,31673,121],{"class":80},[66,31675,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31677,877],{"class":72},[66,31679,77],{"class":76},[66,31681,13526],{"class":72},[66,31683,50],{"class":80},[66,31685,30530],{"class":137},[66,31687,5824],{"class":80},[66,31689,85],{"class":84},[66,31691,110],{"class":88},[66,31693,85],{"class":84},[66,31695,94],{"class":80},[66,31697,118],{"class":117},[66,31699,30562],{"class":80},[66,31701,31702],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,31703,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,31705,31706,31708,31710,31712],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,31707,155],{"class":154},[66,31709,158],{"class":80},[66,31711,901],{"class":137},[66,31713,163],{"class":80},[66,31715,31716,31718,31720,31722],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,31717,155],{"class":154},[66,31719,158],{"class":80},[66,31721,338],{"class":137},[66,31723,163],{"class":80},[20,31725,187],{},[57,31727,31729],{"className":59,"code":31728,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31730,31731,31735],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31732,31733],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31734,12089],{"class":4146},[66,31736,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31738,9569],{"class":80},[66,31740,202],{"class":84},[66,31742,89],{"class":88},[66,31744,202],{"class":84},[66,31746,94],{"class":80},[66,31748,211],{"class":84},[66,31750,100],{"class":88},[66,31752,202],{"class":84},[66,31754,105],{"class":80},[66,31756,211],{"class":84},[66,31758,110],{"class":88},[66,31760,202],{"class":84},[66,31762,94],{"class":80},[66,31764,118],{"class":117},[66,31766,121],{"class":80},[20,31768,695],{},[57,31770,31772],{"className":59,"code":31771,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31773,31774,31798,31820,31824],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31775,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31777,291],{"class":72},[66,31779,77],{"class":76},[66,31781,81],{"class":80},[66,31783,85],{"class":84},[66,31785,89],{"class":88},[66,31787,85],{"class":84},[66,31789,94],{"class":80},[66,31791,97],{"class":84},[66,31793,100],{"class":88},[66,31795,85],{"class":84},[66,31797,121],{"class":80},[66,31799,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31801,338],{"class":72},[66,31803,50],{"class":80},[66,31805,30530],{"class":137},[66,31807,5824],{"class":80},[66,31809,85],{"class":84},[66,31811,110],{"class":88},[66,31813,85],{"class":84},[66,31815,94],{"class":80},[66,31817,118],{"class":117},[66,31819,30562],{"class":80},[66,31821,31822],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,31823,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,31825,31826,31828,31830,31832],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,31827,155],{"class":154},[66,31829,158],{"class":80},[66,31831,338],{"class":137},[66,31833,163],{"class":80},[20,31835,187],{},[57,31837,31839],{"className":59,"code":31838,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31840,31841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31842,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31844,9569],{"class":80},[66,31846,202],{"class":84},[66,31848,89],{"class":88},[66,31850,202],{"class":84},[66,31852,94],{"class":80},[66,31854,211],{"class":84},[66,31856,100],{"class":88},[66,31858,202],{"class":84},[66,31860,105],{"class":80},[66,31862,211],{"class":84},[66,31864,110],{"class":88},[66,31866,202],{"class":84},[66,31868,94],{"class":80},[66,31870,118],{"class":117},[66,31872,121],{"class":80},[20,31874,31875,31876,50],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[652,31877,18165],{"href":11016},[52,31879,1154,31881],{"id":31880},"when-to-use-update",[15,31882,15228],{},[20,31884,243,31885,1161],{},[15,31886,15228],{},[30,31888,31889,31892,31895,31898],{},[33,31890,31891],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31893,31894],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31896,31897],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31899,31900],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31902,31903],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[57,31905,31907],{"className":59,"code":31906,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31908,31909,31945,31960,31964,32003,32007,32017],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,31910,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,31912,12367],{"class":72},[66,31914,77],{"class":76},[66,31916,81],{"class":80},[66,31918,85],{"class":84},[66,31920,89],{"class":88},[66,31922,85],{"class":84},[66,31924,94],{"class":80},[66,31926,97],{"class":84},[66,31928,100],{"class":88},[66,31930,85],{"class":84},[66,31932,105],{"class":80},[66,31934,97],{"class":84},[66,31936,110],{"class":88},[66,31938,85],{"class":84},[66,31940,94],{"class":80},[66,31942,118],{"class":117},[66,31944,121],{"class":80},[66,31946,31947,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,31948,31949],{"class":72},"updated ",[66,31951,77],{"class":76},[66,31953,12442],{"class":72},[66,31955,50],{"class":80},[66,31957,13191],{"class":137},[66,31959,141],{"class":80},[66,31961,31962],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,31963,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,31965,31966,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,31967,31968],{"class":72},"updated",[66,31970,50],{"class":80},[66,31972,30530],{"class":137},[66,31974,5824],{"class":80},[66,31976,85],{"class":84},[66,31978,110],{"class":88},[66,31980,85],{"class":84},[66,31982,94],{"class":80},[66,31984,30543],{"class":117},[66,31986,105],{"class":80},[66,31988,97],{"class":84},[66,31990,360],{"class":88},[66,31992,85],{"class":84},[66,31994,94],{"class":80},[66,31996,97],{"class":84},[66,31998,16305],{"class":88},[66,32000,85],{"class":84},[66,32002,30562],{"class":80},[66,32004,32005],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,32006,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,32008,32009,32011,32013,32015],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,32010,155],{"class":154},[66,32012,158],{"class":80},[66,32014,12414],{"class":137},[66,32016,163],{"class":80},[66,32018,32019,32021,32023,32025],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,32020,155],{"class":154},[66,32022,158],{"class":80},[66,32024,31968],{"class":137},[66,32026,163],{"class":80},[20,32028,187],{},[57,32030,32032],{"className":59,"code":32031,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32033,32034,32066],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32035,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32037,9569],{"class":80},[66,32039,202],{"class":84},[66,32041,89],{"class":88},[66,32043,202],{"class":84},[66,32045,94],{"class":80},[66,32047,211],{"class":84},[66,32049,100],{"class":88},[66,32051,202],{"class":84},[66,32053,105],{"class":80},[66,32055,211],{"class":84},[66,32057,110],{"class":88},[66,32059,202],{"class":84},[66,32061,94],{"class":80},[66,32063,118],{"class":117},[66,32065,121],{"class":80},[66,32067,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,32069,9569],{"class":80},[66,32071,202],{"class":84},[66,32073,89],{"class":88},[66,32075,202],{"class":84},[66,32077,94],{"class":80},[66,32079,211],{"class":84},[66,32081,100],{"class":88},[66,32083,202],{"class":84},[66,32085,105],{"class":80},[66,32087,211],{"class":84},[66,32089,110],{"class":88},[66,32091,202],{"class":84},[66,32093,94],{"class":80},[66,32095,30543],{"class":117},[66,32097,105],{"class":80},[66,32099,211],{"class":84},[66,32101,360],{"class":88},[66,32103,202],{"class":84},[66,32105,94],{"class":80},[66,32107,211],{"class":84},[66,32109,16305],{"class":88},[66,32111,202],{"class":84},[66,32113,121],{"class":80},[20,32115,32116,32117,50],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[652,32118,16872],{"href":16871},[52,32120,1838],{"id":1837},[20,32122,11031,32123,94],{},[15,32124,15228],{},[30,32126,32127,32134,32138,32141,32144],{},[33,32128,12876,32129,32131,32132],{},[15,32130,15228],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32133,4071],{},[33,32135,1433,32136,12884],{},[15,32137,15228],{},[33,32139,32140],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,32142,32143],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,32145,32146],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32148,32149],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[57,32151,32153],{"className":59,"code":32152,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32154,32155,32165,32179,32193,32215],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32156,32157,32159,32161,32163],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32158,155],{"class":154},[66,32160,158],{"class":80},[66,32162,672],{"class":137},[66,32164,163],{"class":80},[66,32166,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,32168,155],{"class":154},[66,32170,158],{"class":80},[66,32172,912],{"class":173},[66,32174,158],{"class":80},[66,32176,535],{"class":137},[66,32178,181],{"class":80},[66,32180,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,32182,155],{"class":154},[66,32184,158],{"class":80},[66,32186,174],{"class":173},[66,32188,158],{"class":80},[66,32190,535],{"class":137},[66,32192,181],{"class":80},[66,32194,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,32196,155],{"class":154},[66,32198,158],{"class":80},[66,32200,672],{"class":137},[66,32202,50],{"class":80},[66,32204,20010],{"class":137},[66,32206,158],{"class":80},[66,32208,202],{"class":84},[66,32210,1086],{"class":88},[66,32212,202],{"class":84},[66,32214,181],{"class":80},[66,32216,32217,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,32218,32219],{"class":154},"help",[66,32221,158],{"class":80},[66,32223,9114],{"class":173},[66,32225,50],{"class":80},[66,32227,30530],{"class":784},[66,32229,163],{"class":80},[20,32231,32232],{},"These can help you check:",[30,32234,32235,32238,32243,32246,32249],{},[33,32236,32237],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,32239,32240,32241],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32242,15228],{},[33,32244,32245],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,32247,32248],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,32250,32251],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32253,32254,32255,50],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[652,32256,11546],{"href":11358},[52,32258,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,32260,12986,32262,32264],{"id":32261},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32263,15228],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32266,32267,32268,50],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32269,4071],{},[1430,32271,12986,32273,32275],{"id":32272},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32274,15228],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32277,32278],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1430,32280,5465,32282,32284],{"id":32281},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32283,15228],{}," add new keys?",[20,32286,32287],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1430,32289,28393,32291,32293],{"id":32290},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32292,15228],{}," with a list?",[20,32295,32296,32297,50],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32298,11379],{},[1430,32300,5475,32302,32304],{"id":32301},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32303,15228],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32306,32307,32308,32310],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32309,15228],{}," can change many keys at once.",[52,32312,2183],{"id":2182},[30,32314,32315,32319,32323,32328,32332],{},[33,32316,32317],{},[652,32318,2190],{"href":654},[33,32320,32321],{},[652,32322,11535],{"href":11016},[33,32324,32325],{},[652,32326,32327],{"href":31152},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,32329,32330],{},[652,32331,21715],{"href":16871},[33,32333,32334],{},[652,32335,11546],{"href":11358},[2222,32337,32338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":32340},[32341,32342,32344,32345,32347,32349,32350,32351,32353,32354,32366],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":30585,"depth":124,"text":32343},"What update() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":30945,"depth":124,"text":32346},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31156,"depth":124,"text":32348},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31397,"depth":124,"text":31398},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":31880,"depth":124,"text":32352},"When to use update()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":32355},[32356,32358,32360,32362,32364],{"id":32261,"depth":144,"text":32357},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32272,"depth":144,"text":32359},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32281,"depth":144,"text":32361},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32290,"depth":144,"text":32363},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32301,"depth":144,"text":32365},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30463,"description":32367},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32373,"title":32374,"body":32375,"description":34364,"extension":2260,"meta":34365,"navigation":147,"path":23147,"seo":34366,"stem":34367,"__hash__":34368},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32376,"toc":34327},[32377,32382,32389,32392,32394,32493,32495,32550,32555,32560,32574,32579,32581,32596,32598,32612,32625,32630,32636,32643,32645,32752,32754,32803,32809,32884,32886,32907,32909,32912,33017,33019,33074,33076,33104,33108,33113,33192,33194,33214,33216,33227,33237,33241,33246,33350,33352,33377,33380,33391,33396,33405,33408,33425,33427,33514,33516,33579,33581,33604,33606,33611,33617,33622,33624,33663,33669,33672,33691,33702,33708,33711,33784,33786,33805,33810,33813,33836,33842,33845,33909,33912,33989,33996,33999,34058,34064,34066,34085,34089,34092,34143,34146,34166,34168,34229,34231,34236,34241,34246,34251,34256,34261,34267,34270,34279,34287,34289,34324],[10,32378,13,32380,18],{"id":32379},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32381,977],{},[20,32383,32384,32385,32388],{},"The Python ",[15,32386,32387],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32390,32391],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[52,32393,55],{"id":54},[57,32395,32397],{"className":59,"code":32396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32398,32399,32451,32465,32469,32479],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32400,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443,32445,32447,32449],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32402,73],{"class":72},[66,32404,77],{"class":76},[66,32406,81],{"class":80},[66,32408,85],{"class":84},[66,32410,89],{"class":88},[66,32412,85],{"class":84},[66,32414,94],{"class":80},[66,32416,97],{"class":84},[66,32418,100],{"class":88},[66,32420,85],{"class":84},[66,32422,105],{"class":80},[66,32424,97],{"class":84},[66,32426,110],{"class":88},[66,32428,85],{"class":84},[66,32430,94],{"class":80},[66,32432,118],{"class":117},[66,32434,105],{"class":80},[66,32436,97],{"class":84},[66,32438,360],{"class":88},[66,32440,85],{"class":84},[66,32442,94],{"class":80},[66,32444,97],{"class":84},[66,32446,16305],{"class":88},[66,32448,85],{"class":84},[66,32450,121],{"class":80},[66,32452,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,32454,4116],{"class":72},[66,32456,77],{"class":76},[66,32458,132],{"class":72},[66,32460,50],{"class":80},[66,32462,5655],{"class":137},[66,32464,141],{"class":80},[66,32466,32467],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,32468,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,32470,32471,32473,32475,32477],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,32472,155],{"class":154},[66,32474,158],{"class":80},[66,32476,5655],{"class":137},[66,32478,163],{"class":80},[66,32480,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,32482,155],{"class":154},[66,32484,158],{"class":80},[66,32486,174],{"class":173},[66,32488,158],{"class":80},[66,32490,5655],{"class":137},[66,32492,181],{"class":80},[20,32494,187],{},[57,32496,32498],{"className":59,"code":32497,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32499,32500,32526],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32501,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32503,17309],{"class":137},[66,32505,199],{"class":80},[66,32507,202],{"class":84},[66,32509,100],{"class":88},[66,32511,202],{"class":84},[66,32513,105],{"class":80},[66,32515,118],{"class":117},[66,32517,105],{"class":80},[66,32519,211],{"class":84},[66,32521,16305],{"class":88},[66,32523,202],{"class":84},[66,32525,218],{"class":80},[66,32527,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,32529,223],{"class":80},[66,32531,202],{"class":84},[66,32533,100],{"class":88},[66,32535,202],{"class":84},[66,32537,105],{"class":80},[66,32539,118],{"class":117},[66,32541,105],{"class":80},[66,32543,211],{"class":84},[66,32545,16305],{"class":88},[66,32547,202],{"class":84},[66,32549,240],{"class":80},[20,32551,32552,32554],{},[15,32553,977],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[52,32556,250,32558,253],{"id":32557},"what-values-does",[15,32559,977],{},[30,32561,32562,32565,32568,32571],{},[33,32563,32564],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32566,32567],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32569,32570],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32572,32573],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32575,32576,32577,50],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[652,32578,9679],{"href":654},[52,32580,2455],{"id":2454},[57,32582,32584],{"className":59,"code":32583,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32585,32586],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32587,32588,32590,32592,32594],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32589,672],{"class":72},[66,32591,50],{"class":80},[66,32593,5655],{"class":137},[66,32595,141],{"class":80},[20,32597,13332],{},[30,32599,32600,32604,32607],{},[33,32601,32602,11746],{},[15,32603,977],{},[33,32605,32606],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32608,32609,32610],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32611,977],{},[20,32613,32614,32615,4688,32620,50],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[652,32616,32617,32619],{"href":17334},[15,32618,17],{}," for dictionary keys",[652,32621,32622,32624],{"href":982},[15,32623,985],{}," for key-value pairs",[52,32626,250,32628,2108],{"id":32627},"what-values-returns",[15,32629,977],{},[20,32631,32632,638,32634,800],{},[15,32633,977],{},[15,32635,17309],{},[20,32637,32638,32639,32642],{},"This object is a ",[185,32640,32641],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32644,281],{},[57,32646,32648],{"className":59,"code":32647,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32649,32650,32686,32690,32705,32716,32720,32742],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32651,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32653,291],{"class":72},[66,32655,77],{"class":76},[66,32657,81],{"class":80},[66,32659,85],{"class":84},[66,32661,89],{"class":88},[66,32663,85],{"class":84},[66,32665,94],{"class":80},[66,32667,97],{"class":84},[66,32669,8215],{"class":88},[66,32671,85],{"class":84},[66,32673,105],{"class":80},[66,32675,97],{"class":84},[66,32677,110],{"class":88},[66,32679,85],{"class":84},[66,32681,94],{"class":80},[66,32683,323],{"class":117},[66,32685,121],{"class":80},[66,32687,32688],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,32689,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,32691,32692,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,32693,32694],{"class":72},"values_view ",[66,32696,77],{"class":76},[66,32698,13526],{"class":72},[66,32700,50],{"class":80},[66,32702,5655],{"class":137},[66,32704,141],{"class":80},[66,32706,32707,32709,32711,32714],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,32708,155],{"class":154},[66,32710,158],{"class":80},[66,32712,32713],{"class":137},"values_view",[66,32715,163],{"class":80},[66,32717,32718],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,32719,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,32721,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,32723,338],{"class":72},[66,32725,223],{"class":80},[66,32727,85],{"class":84},[66,32729,360],{"class":88},[66,32731,85],{"class":84},[66,32733,365],{"class":80},[66,32735,368],{"class":76},[66,32737,97],{"class":84},[66,32739,30709],{"class":88},[66,32741,376],{"class":84},[66,32743,32744,32746,32748,32750],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,32745,155],{"class":154},[66,32747,158],{"class":80},[66,32749,32713],{"class":137},[66,32751,163],{"class":80},[20,32753,187],{},[57,32755,32757],{"className":59,"code":32756,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32758,32759,32777],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32760,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32762,17309],{"class":137},[66,32764,199],{"class":80},[66,32766,202],{"class":84},[66,32768,8215],{"class":88},[66,32770,202],{"class":84},[66,32772,105],{"class":80},[66,32774,323],{"class":117},[66,32776,218],{"class":80},[66,32778,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,32780,17309],{"class":137},[66,32782,199],{"class":80},[66,32784,202],{"class":84},[66,32786,8215],{"class":88},[66,32788,202],{"class":84},[66,32790,105],{"class":80},[66,32792,323],{"class":117},[66,32794,105],{"class":80},[66,32796,211],{"class":84},[66,32798,30709],{"class":88},[66,32800,202],{"class":84},[66,32802,218],{"class":80},[20,32804,32805,32806,50],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32807,32808],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[57,32810,32812],{"className":59,"code":32811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32813,32814,32850,32869,32873],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32815,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32817,291],{"class":72},[66,32819,77],{"class":76},[66,32821,81],{"class":80},[66,32823,85],{"class":84},[66,32825,89],{"class":88},[66,32827,85],{"class":84},[66,32829,94],{"class":80},[66,32831,97],{"class":84},[66,32833,8215],{"class":88},[66,32835,85],{"class":84},[66,32837,105],{"class":80},[66,32839,97],{"class":84},[66,32841,110],{"class":88},[66,32843,85],{"class":84},[66,32845,94],{"class":80},[66,32847,323],{"class":117},[66,32849,121],{"class":80},[66,32851,32852,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,32853,32854],{"class":72},"values_list ",[66,32856,77],{"class":76},[66,32858,1656],{"class":173},[66,32860,158],{"class":80},[66,32862,338],{"class":137},[66,32864,50],{"class":80},[66,32866,5655],{"class":137},[66,32868,345],{"class":80},[66,32870,32871],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,32872,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,32874,32875,32877,32879,32882],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,32876,155],{"class":154},[66,32878,158],{"class":80},[66,32880,32881],{"class":137},"values_list",[66,32883,163],{"class":80},[20,32885,187],{},[57,32887,32889],{"className":59,"code":32888,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32890,32891],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32892,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32894,223],{"class":80},[66,32896,202],{"class":84},[66,32898,8215],{"class":88},[66,32900,202],{"class":84},[66,32902,105],{"class":80},[66,32904,323],{"class":117},[66,32906,240],{"class":80},[52,32908,11756],{"id":11755},[20,32910,32911],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[57,32913,32915],{"className":59,"code":32914,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32916,32917,32971,32975,32989,32993,33003],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,32918,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949,32952,32954,32956,32959,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,32920,832],{"class":72},[66,32922,77],{"class":76},[66,32924,81],{"class":80},[66,32926,85],{"class":84},[66,32928,841],{"class":88},[66,32930,85],{"class":84},[66,32932,94],{"class":80},[66,32934,97],{"class":84},[66,32936,850],{"class":88},[66,32938,85],{"class":84},[66,32940,105],{"class":80},[66,32942,97],{"class":84},[66,32944,859],{"class":88},[66,32946,85],{"class":84},[66,32948,94],{"class":80},[66,32950,32951],{"class":117}," 2022",[66,32953,105],{"class":80},[66,32955,97],{"class":84},[66,32957,32958],{"class":88},"color",[66,32960,85],{"class":84},[66,32962,94],{"class":80},[66,32964,97],{"class":84},[66,32966,13390],{"class":88},[66,32968,85],{"class":84},[66,32970,121],{"class":80},[66,32972,32973],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,32974,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,32976,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,32978,877],{"class":72},[66,32980,77],{"class":76},[66,32982,882],{"class":72},[66,32984,50],{"class":80},[66,32986,5655],{"class":137},[66,32988,141],{"class":80},[66,32990,32991],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,32992,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,32994,32995,32997,32999,33001],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,32996,155],{"class":154},[66,32998,158],{"class":80},[66,33000,901],{"class":137},[66,33002,163],{"class":80},[66,33004,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,33006,155],{"class":154},[66,33008,158],{"class":80},[66,33010,174],{"class":173},[66,33012,158],{"class":80},[66,33014,901],{"class":137},[66,33016,181],{"class":80},[20,33018,187],{},[57,33020,33022],{"className":59,"code":33021,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33023,33024,33050],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33025,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33027,17309],{"class":137},[66,33029,199],{"class":80},[66,33031,202],{"class":84},[66,33033,850],{"class":88},[66,33035,202],{"class":84},[66,33037,105],{"class":80},[66,33039,32951],{"class":117},[66,33041,105],{"class":80},[66,33043,211],{"class":84},[66,33045,13390],{"class":88},[66,33047,202],{"class":84},[66,33049,218],{"class":80},[66,33051,33052,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070,33072],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33053,223],{"class":80},[66,33055,202],{"class":84},[66,33057,850],{"class":88},[66,33059,202],{"class":84},[66,33061,105],{"class":80},[66,33063,32951],{"class":117},[66,33065,105],{"class":80},[66,33067,211],{"class":84},[66,33069,13390],{"class":88},[66,33071,202],{"class":84},[66,33073,240],{"class":80},[20,33075,11965],{},[30,33077,33078,33084,33090,33098],{},[33,33079,33080,33083],{},[15,33081,33082],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,33085,33086,33089],{},[15,33087,33088],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,33091,33092,33095,33096,641],{},[15,33093,33094],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33097,17309],{},[33,33099,33100,33103],{},[15,33101,33102],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[52,33105,33107],{"id":33106},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33109,33110,33111,2157],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33112,1061],{},[57,33114,33116],{"className":59,"code":33115,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33117,33118,33162,33166,33182],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33119,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33121,5359],{"class":72},[66,33123,77],{"class":76},[66,33125,81],{"class":80},[66,33127,85],{"class":84},[66,33129,18677],{"class":88},[66,33131,85],{"class":84},[66,33133,94],{"class":80},[66,33135,20157],{"class":117},[66,33137,105],{"class":80},[66,33139,97],{"class":84},[66,33141,31219],{"class":88},[66,33143,85],{"class":84},[66,33145,94],{"class":80},[66,33147,13784],{"class":117},[66,33149,105],{"class":80},[66,33151,97],{"class":84},[66,33153,18686],{"class":88},[66,33155,85],{"class":84},[66,33157,94],{"class":80},[66,33159,28985],{"class":117},[66,33161,121],{"class":80},[66,33163,33164],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33165,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,33167,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,33169,1061],{"class":1060},[66,33171,21842],{"class":72},[66,33173,1067],{"class":1060},[66,33175,5406],{"class":72},[66,33177,50],{"class":80},[66,33179,5655],{"class":137},[66,33181,1076],{"class":80},[66,33183,33184,33186,33188,33190],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,33185,1081],{"class":154},[66,33187,158],{"class":80},[66,33189,2771],{"class":137},[66,33191,163],{"class":80},[20,33193,187],{},[57,33195,33197],{"className":59,"code":33196,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33198,33199,33204,33209],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33200,33201],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33202,33203],{"class":117},"90\n",[66,33205,33206],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33207,33208],{"class":117},"85\n",[66,33210,33211],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,33212,33213],{"class":117},"88\n",[20,33215,17971],{},[30,33217,33218,33221,33224],{},[33,33219,33220],{},"You only need the values",[33,33222,33223],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,33225,33226],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33228,33229,33230,3176,33234,50],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[652,33231,974,33232,978],{"href":982},[15,33233,985],{},[652,33235,22729],{"href":33236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[52,33238,33240],{"id":33239},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33242,243,33243,33245],{},[15,33244,32808],{}," when you need a list.",[57,33247,33249],{"className":59,"code":33248,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33250,33251,33297,33301,33321,33325,33336],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33252,33253,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33289,33291,33293,33295],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33254,33255],{"class":72},"fruit_prices ",[66,33257,77],{"class":76},[66,33259,81],{"class":80},[66,33261,85],{"class":84},[66,33263,4372],{"class":88},[66,33265,85],{"class":84},[66,33267,94],{"class":80},[66,33269,1719],{"class":117},[66,33271,105],{"class":80},[66,33273,97],{"class":84},[66,33275,4381],{"class":88},[66,33277,85],{"class":84},[66,33279,94],{"class":80},[66,33281,1896],{"class":117},[66,33283,105],{"class":80},[66,33285,97],{"class":84},[66,33287,33288],{"class":88},"orange",[66,33290,85],{"class":84},[66,33292,94],{"class":80},[66,33294,1724],{"class":117},[66,33296,121],{"class":80},[66,33298,33299],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33300,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,33302,33303,33306,33308,33310,33312,33315,33317,33319],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,33304,33305],{"class":72},"price_list ",[66,33307,77],{"class":76},[66,33309,1656],{"class":173},[66,33311,158],{"class":80},[66,33313,33314],{"class":137},"fruit_prices",[66,33316,50],{"class":80},[66,33318,5655],{"class":137},[66,33320,345],{"class":80},[66,33322,33323],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,33324,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,33326,33327,33329,33331,33334],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,33328,155],{"class":154},[66,33330,158],{"class":80},[66,33332,33333],{"class":137},"price_list",[66,33335,163],{"class":80},[66,33337,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,33339,155],{"class":154},[66,33341,158],{"class":80},[66,33343,33333],{"class":137},[66,33345,223],{"class":80},[66,33347,2021],{"class":117},[66,33349,218],{"class":80},[20,33351,187],{},[57,33353,33355],{"className":59,"code":33354,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33356,33357,33373],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33358,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33360,223],{"class":80},[66,33362,2354],{"class":117},[66,33364,105],{"class":80},[66,33366,1896],{"class":117},[66,33368,105],{"class":80},[66,33370,1724],{"class":117},[66,33372,240],{"class":80},[66,33374,33375],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33376,17328],{"class":117},[20,33378,33379],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,33381,33382,33385,33388],{},[33,33383,33384],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,33386,33387],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,33389,33390],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33392,4217,33393,33395],{},[15,33394,17309],{}," is not the same as a list.",[52,33397,33399,10871,33401,10871,33403],{"id":33398},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33400,977],{},[15,33402,17],{},[15,33404,985],{},[20,33406,33407],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,33409,33410,33415,33420],{},[33,33411,33412,33414],{},[15,33413,977],{}," returns only the values",[33,33416,33417,33419],{},[15,33418,17],{}," returns only the keys",[33,33421,33422,33424],{},[15,33423,985],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33426,2422],{},[57,33428,33430],{"className":59,"code":33429,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33431,33432,33468,33472,33486,33500],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33433,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33435,73],{"class":72},[66,33437,77],{"class":76},[66,33439,81],{"class":80},[66,33441,85],{"class":84},[66,33443,89],{"class":88},[66,33445,85],{"class":84},[66,33447,94],{"class":80},[66,33449,97],{"class":84},[66,33451,100],{"class":88},[66,33453,85],{"class":84},[66,33455,105],{"class":80},[66,33457,97],{"class":84},[66,33459,110],{"class":88},[66,33461,85],{"class":84},[66,33463,94],{"class":80},[66,33465,118],{"class":117},[66,33467,121],{"class":80},[66,33469,33470],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33471,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,33473,33474,33476,33478,33480,33482,33484],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,33475,155],{"class":154},[66,33477,158],{"class":80},[66,33479,733],{"class":137},[66,33481,50],{"class":80},[66,33483,138],{"class":137},[66,33485,345],{"class":80},[66,33487,33488,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,33489,155],{"class":154},[66,33491,158],{"class":80},[66,33493,733],{"class":137},[66,33495,50],{"class":80},[66,33497,5655],{"class":137},[66,33499,345],{"class":80},[66,33501,33502,33504,33506,33508,33510,33512],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,33503,155],{"class":154},[66,33505,158],{"class":80},[66,33507,733],{"class":137},[66,33509,50],{"class":80},[66,33511,8103],{"class":137},[66,33513,345],{"class":80},[20,33515,187],{},[57,33517,33519],{"className":59,"code":33518,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33520,33521,33543,33561],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33522,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33524,49],{"class":137},[66,33526,199],{"class":80},[66,33528,202],{"class":84},[66,33530,89],{"class":88},[66,33532,202],{"class":84},[66,33534,105],{"class":80},[66,33536,211],{"class":84},[66,33538,110],{"class":88},[66,33540,202],{"class":84},[66,33542,218],{"class":80},[66,33544,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33546,17309],{"class":137},[66,33548,199],{"class":80},[66,33550,202],{"class":84},[66,33552,100],{"class":88},[66,33554,202],{"class":84},[66,33556,105],{"class":80},[66,33558,118],{"class":117},[66,33560,218],{"class":80},[66,33562,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,33564,22164],{"class":137},[66,33566,9945],{"class":80},[66,33568,202],{"class":84},[66,33570,89],{"class":88},[66,33572,202],{"class":84},[66,33574,105],{"class":80},[66,33576,118],{"class":117},[66,33578,10964],{"class":80},[20,33580,1815],{},[30,33582,33583,33590,33597],{},[33,33584,33585,33589],{},[652,33586,33587],{"href":17334},[15,33588,17],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33591,33592,33596],{},[652,33593,33594],{"href":973},[15,33595,977],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33598,33599,33603],{},[652,33600,33601],{"href":982},[15,33602,985],{}," when you need both",[52,33605,4814],{"id":4813},[20,33607,33608,33609,50],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33610,977],{},[1430,33612,29715,33614,33616],{"id":33613},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33615,977],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33618,33619,33621],{},[15,33620,977],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33623,16918],{},[57,33625,33627],{"className":59,"code":33626,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33628,33629,33649],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33630,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33632,8601],{"class":72},[66,33634,77],{"class":76},[66,33636,1711],{"class":80},[66,33638,1714],{"class":117},[66,33640,105],{"class":80},[66,33642,1719],{"class":117},[66,33644,105],{"class":80},[66,33646,1724],{"class":117},[66,33648,240],{"class":80},[66,33650,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33652,155],{"class":154},[66,33654,158],{"class":80},[66,33656,8632],{"class":137},[66,33658,50],{"class":80},[66,33660,5655],{"class":137},[66,33662,345],{"class":80},[20,33664,33665,33666,33668],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33667,977],{}," method.",[20,33670,33671],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[57,33673,33675],{"className":59,"code":33674,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33676,33677],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33678,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33680,155],{"class":154},[66,33682,158],{"class":80},[66,33684,912],{"class":173},[66,33686,158],{"class":80},[66,33688,8632],{"class":137},[66,33690,181],{"class":80},[20,33692,33693,33694,33696,33697,50],{},"If you get an ",[15,33695,1747],{},", see ",[652,33698,1755,33699,33701],{"href":1754},[15,33700,1758],{}," errors",[1430,33703,4875,33705,33707],{"id":33704},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33706,977],{}," returns a list",[20,33709,33710],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[57,33712,33714],{"className":59,"code":33713,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33715,33716,33752,33766,33770],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33717,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33719,73],{"class":72},[66,33721,77],{"class":76},[66,33723,81],{"class":80},[66,33725,85],{"class":84},[66,33727,89],{"class":88},[66,33729,85],{"class":84},[66,33731,94],{"class":80},[66,33733,97],{"class":84},[66,33735,100],{"class":88},[66,33737,85],{"class":84},[66,33739,105],{"class":80},[66,33741,97],{"class":84},[66,33743,110],{"class":88},[66,33745,85],{"class":84},[66,33747,94],{"class":80},[66,33749,118],{"class":117},[66,33751,121],{"class":80},[66,33753,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33755,4116],{"class":72},[66,33757,77],{"class":76},[66,33759,132],{"class":72},[66,33761,50],{"class":80},[66,33763,5655],{"class":137},[66,33765,141],{"class":80},[66,33767,33768],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,33769,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,33771,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,33773,155],{"class":154},[66,33775,158],{"class":80},[66,33777,912],{"class":173},[66,33779,158],{"class":80},[66,33781,5655],{"class":137},[66,33783,181],{"class":80},[20,33785,187],{},[57,33787,33789],{"className":59,"code":33788,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33790,33791],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33792,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33794,954],{"class":76},[66,33796,958],{"class":957},[66,33798,211],{"class":84},[66,33800,17309],{"class":88},[66,33802,202],{"class":84},[66,33804,967],{"class":76},[20,33806,5443,33807,33809],{},[15,33808,17309],{},", not a list.",[20,33811,33812],{},"If you need a list:",[57,33814,33816],{"className":59,"code":33815,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33817,33818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33819,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33821,4116],{"class":72},[66,33823,77],{"class":76},[66,33825,1656],{"class":173},[66,33827,158],{"class":80},[66,33829,733],{"class":137},[66,33831,50],{"class":80},[66,33833,5655],{"class":137},[66,33835,345],{"class":80},[1430,33837,33839,33840],{"id":33838},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33841,17309],{},[20,33843,33844],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[57,33846,33848],{"className":59,"code":33847,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33849,33850,33886,33900,33904],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33851,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872,33874,33876,33878,33880,33882,33884],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33853,73],{"class":72},[66,33855,77],{"class":76},[66,33857,81],{"class":80},[66,33859,85],{"class":84},[66,33861,89],{"class":88},[66,33863,85],{"class":84},[66,33865,94],{"class":80},[66,33867,97],{"class":84},[66,33869,100],{"class":88},[66,33871,85],{"class":84},[66,33873,105],{"class":80},[66,33875,97],{"class":84},[66,33877,110],{"class":88},[66,33879,85],{"class":84},[66,33881,94],{"class":80},[66,33883,118],{"class":117},[66,33885,121],{"class":80},[66,33887,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33889,4116],{"class":72},[66,33891,77],{"class":76},[66,33893,132],{"class":72},[66,33895,50],{"class":80},[66,33897,5655],{"class":137},[66,33899,141],{"class":80},[66,33901,33902],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,33903,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,33905,33906],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,33907,33908],{"class":1945},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33910,33911],{},"Convert to a list first:",[57,33913,33915],{"className":59,"code":33914,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33916,33917,33953,33971,33975],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,33918,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,33920,73],{"class":72},[66,33922,77],{"class":76},[66,33924,81],{"class":80},[66,33926,85],{"class":84},[66,33928,89],{"class":88},[66,33930,85],{"class":84},[66,33932,94],{"class":80},[66,33934,97],{"class":84},[66,33936,100],{"class":88},[66,33938,85],{"class":84},[66,33940,105],{"class":80},[66,33942,97],{"class":84},[66,33944,110],{"class":88},[66,33946,85],{"class":84},[66,33948,94],{"class":80},[66,33950,118],{"class":117},[66,33952,121],{"class":80},[66,33954,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,33956,4116],{"class":72},[66,33958,77],{"class":76},[66,33960,1656],{"class":173},[66,33962,158],{"class":80},[66,33964,733],{"class":137},[66,33966,50],{"class":80},[66,33968,5655],{"class":137},[66,33970,345],{"class":80},[66,33972,33973],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,33974,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,33976,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985,33987],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,33978,155],{"class":154},[66,33980,158],{"class":80},[66,33982,5655],{"class":137},[66,33984,223],{"class":80},[66,33986,2021],{"class":117},[66,33988,218],{"class":80},[1430,33990,1848,33992,11376,33994],{"id":33991},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33993,5655],{},[15,33995,977],{},[20,33997,33998],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[57,34000,34002],{"className":59,"code":34001,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34003,34004,34040,34044],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34005,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34007,73],{"class":72},[66,34009,77],{"class":76},[66,34011,81],{"class":80},[66,34013,85],{"class":84},[66,34015,89],{"class":88},[66,34017,85],{"class":84},[66,34019,94],{"class":80},[66,34021,97],{"class":84},[66,34023,100],{"class":88},[66,34025,85],{"class":84},[66,34027,105],{"class":80},[66,34029,97],{"class":84},[66,34031,110],{"class":88},[66,34033,85],{"class":84},[66,34035,94],{"class":80},[66,34037,118],{"class":117},[66,34039,121],{"class":80},[66,34041,34042],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34043,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,34045,34046,34048,34050,34052,34054,34056],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,34047,155],{"class":154},[66,34049,158],{"class":80},[66,34051,733],{"class":137},[66,34053,50],{"class":80},[66,34055,5655],{"class":784},[66,34057,163],{"class":80},[20,34059,34060,34063],{},[15,34061,34062],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34065,1815],{},[57,34067,34069],{"className":59,"code":34068,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34070,34071],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34072,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34074,155],{"class":154},[66,34076,158],{"class":80},[66,34078,733],{"class":137},[66,34080,50],{"class":80},[66,34082,5655],{"class":137},[66,34084,345],{"class":80},[1430,34086,34088],{"id":34087},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34090,34091],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[57,34093,34095],{"className":59,"code":34094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34096,34097,34129],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34098,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34100,472],{"class":72},[66,34102,77],{"class":76},[66,34104,81],{"class":80},[66,34106,85],{"class":84},[66,34108,652],{"class":88},[66,34110,85],{"class":84},[66,34112,94],{"class":80},[66,34114,1896],{"class":117},[66,34116,105],{"class":80},[66,34118,97],{"class":84},[66,34120,1903],{"class":88},[66,34122,85],{"class":84},[66,34124,94],{"class":80},[66,34126,1719],{"class":117},[66,34128,121],{"class":80},[66,34130,34131,34133,34135,34137,34139,34141],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34132,155],{"class":154},[66,34134,158],{"class":80},[66,34136,535],{"class":137},[66,34138,50],{"class":80},[66,34140,5655],{"class":137},[66,34142,345],{"class":80},[20,34144,34145],{},"Not like this:",[57,34147,34149],{"className":59,"code":34148,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34150,34151,34156,34161],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34152,34153],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34154,34155],{"class":1945},"# Wrong examples:\n",[66,34157,34158],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34159,34160],{"class":1945},"# data().values()\n",[66,34162,34163],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,34164,34165],{"class":1945},"# values(data)\n",[20,34167,3634],{},[57,34169,34171],{"className":59,"code":34170,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34172,34173,34187,34197,34211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34174,34175,34177,34179,34181,34183,34185],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34176,155],{"class":154},[66,34178,158],{"class":80},[66,34180,912],{"class":173},[66,34182,158],{"class":80},[66,34184,672],{"class":137},[66,34186,181],{"class":80},[66,34188,34189,34191,34193,34195],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34190,155],{"class":154},[66,34192,158],{"class":80},[66,34194,672],{"class":137},[66,34196,163],{"class":80},[66,34198,34199,34201,34203,34205,34207,34209],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,34200,155],{"class":154},[66,34202,158],{"class":80},[66,34204,672],{"class":137},[66,34206,50],{"class":80},[66,34208,5655],{"class":137},[66,34210,345],{"class":80},[66,34212,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,34214,155],{"class":154},[66,34216,158],{"class":80},[66,34218,174],{"class":173},[66,34220,158],{"class":80},[66,34222,672],{"class":137},[66,34224,50],{"class":80},[66,34226,5655],{"class":137},[66,34228,560],{"class":80},[52,34230,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,34232,5438,34234,2122],{"id":34233},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34235,32387],{},[20,34237,272,34238,34240],{},[15,34239,17309],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1430,34242,12986,34244,24183],{"id":34243},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34245,977],{},[20,34247,24186,34248,24190],{},[15,34249,34250],{},"list(...)",[1430,34252,2148,34254,2151],{"id":34253},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34255,32387],{},[20,34257,34258,34259,2157],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34260,1061],{},[1430,34262,12986,34264,34266],{"id":34263},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34265,32387],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34268,34269],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1430,34271,34273,34274,34276,34277,2151],{"id":34272},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34275,977],{}," different from ",[15,34278,985],{},[20,34280,34281,34283,34284,34286],{},[15,34282,977],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34285,985],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[52,34288,2183],{"id":2182},[30,34290,34291,34297,34303,34307,34313,34317],{},[33,34292,34293],{},[652,34294,974,34295,978],{"href":17334},[15,34296,17],{},[33,34298,34299],{},[652,34300,974,34301,978],{"href":982},[15,34302,985],{},[33,34304,34305],{},[652,34306,11526],{"href":654},[33,34308,34309],{},[652,34310,34312],{"href":34311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,34314,34315],{},[652,34316,24268],{"href":33236},[33,34318,34319],{},[652,34320,30413,34321],{"href":1754},[15,34322,34323],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2222,34325,34326],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":34328},[34329,34330,34332,34333,34335,34336,34337,34338,34340,34351,34363],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":32557,"depth":124,"text":34331},"What values() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":32627,"depth":124,"text":34334},"What values() returns",{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":33106,"depth":124,"text":33107},{"id":33239,"depth":124,"text":33240},{"id":33398,"depth":124,"text":34339},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":34341},[34342,34344,34346,34348,34350],{"id":33613,"depth":144,"text":34343},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33704,"depth":144,"text":34345},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33838,"depth":144,"text":34347},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33991,"depth":144,"text":34349},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34087,"depth":144,"text":34088},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":34352},[34353,34355,34357,34359,34361],{"id":34233,"depth":144,"text":34354},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34243,"depth":144,"text":34356},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34253,"depth":144,"text":34358},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34263,"depth":144,"text":34360},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34272,"depth":144,"text":34362},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32374,"description":34364},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34370,"title":34371,"body":34372,"description":35803,"extension":2260,"meta":35804,"navigation":147,"path":35805,"seo":35806,"stem":35807,"__hash__":35808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34373,"toc":35755},[34374,34380,34385,34388,34404,34413,34415,34447,34453,34456,34551,34554,34559,34564,34567,34578,34580,34594,34600,34602,34607,34613,34616,34655,34663,34668,34671,34716,34719,34731,34737,34743,34747,34780,34783,34801,34804,34808,34847,34849,34869,34872,34884,34889,34895,34898,34953,34956,34967,34970,34981,34984,34988,34994,34996,35026,35029,35044,35047,35050,35069,35072,35088,35097,35099,35130,35136,35141,35144,35151,35182,35185,35207,35210,35213,35227,35231,35262,35277,35284,35291,35295,35303,35307,35315,35318,35367,35378,35380,35383,35389,35394,35404,35408,35411,35414,35418,35421,35423,35444,35448,35454,35465,35471,35473,35479,35503,35506,35569,35572,35600,35603,35665,35667,35672,35675,35682,35690,35697,35700,35708,35714,35716,35743,35752],[10,34375,3870,34377,3874],{"id":34376},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34378,34379],{},"dir()",[20,34381,32384,34382,34384],{},[15,34383,34379],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34386,34387],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,34389,34390,34393,34396,34401],{},[33,34391,34392],{},"learning Python",[33,34394,34395],{},"exploring a new object",[33,34397,34398,34399],{},"debugging an ",[15,34400,1747],{},[33,34402,34403],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34405,34406,34407,34409,34410],{},"In short, ",[15,34408,34379],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[185,34411,34412],{},"“What can I use here?”",[52,34414,55],{"id":54},[57,34416,34418],{"className":59,"code":34417,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34419,34420,34432],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34421,34422,34424,34426,34428,34430],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34423,8170],{"class":72},[66,34425,77],{"class":76},[66,34427,97],{"class":84},[66,34429,4139],{"class":88},[66,34431,376],{"class":84},[66,34433,34434,34436,34438,34441,34443,34445],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34435,155],{"class":154},[66,34437,158],{"class":80},[66,34439,34440],{"class":154},"dir",[66,34442,158],{"class":80},[66,34444,89],{"class":137},[66,34446,181],{"class":80},[20,34448,243,34449,34452],{},[15,34450,34451],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34454,34455],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[57,34457,34459],{"className":59,"code":34458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34460,34461],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34462,34463,34465,34467,34470,34472,34474,34476,34479,34481,34483,34485,34488,34490,34492,34494,34497,34499,34501,34503,34506,34508,34510,34512,34515,34517,34519,34523,34525,34527,34529,34531,34533,34535,34538,34540,34542,34544,34547,34549],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34464,223],{"class":80},[66,34466,202],{"class":84},[66,34468,34469],{"class":88},"__add__",[66,34471,202],{"class":84},[66,34473,105],{"class":80},[66,34475,211],{"class":84},[66,34477,34478],{"class":88},"__class__",[66,34480,202],{"class":84},[66,34482,105],{"class":80},[66,34484,211],{"class":84},[66,34486,34487],{"class":88},"__contains__",[66,34489,202],{"class":84},[66,34491,105],{"class":80},[66,34493,211],{"class":84},[66,34495,34496],{"class":88},"__delattr__",[66,34498,202],{"class":84},[66,34500,105],{"class":80},[66,34502,211],{"class":84},[66,34504,34505],{"class":88},"__dir__",[66,34507,202],{"class":84},[66,34509,105],{"class":80},[66,34511,211],{"class":84},[66,34513,34514],{"class":88},"__doc__",[66,34516,202],{"class":84},[66,34518,105],{"class":80},[66,34520,34522],{"class":34521},"s_hVV"," ...",[66,34524,105],{"class":80},[66,34526,211],{"class":84},[66,34528,8933],{"class":88},[66,34530,202],{"class":84},[66,34532,105],{"class":80},[66,34534,211],{"class":84},[66,34536,34537],{"class":88},"split",[66,34539,202],{"class":84},[66,34541,105],{"class":80},[66,34543,211],{"class":84},[66,34545,34546],{"class":88},"upper",[66,34548,202],{"class":84},[66,34550,240],{"class":80},[20,34552,34553],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[52,34555,250,34557,253],{"id":34556},"what-dir-does",[15,34558,34379],{},[20,34560,34561,34563],{},[15,34562,34379],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34565,34566],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34568,34569,34572,34575],{},[33,34570,34571],{},"attributes",[33,34573,34574],{},"methods",[33,34576,34577],{},"special Python names",[20,34579,261],{},[30,34581,34582,34588,34591],{},[33,34583,34584,34585],{},"The result is a ",[185,34586,34587],{},"list of strings",[33,34589,34590],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34592,34593],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34595,34596,34597,34599],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34598,34379],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[52,34601,2455],{"id":2454},[20,34603,34604,34606],{},[15,34605,34379],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1430,34608,34610,34612],{"id":34609},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34611,34379],{}," with no argument",[20,34614,34615],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[57,34617,34619],{"className":59,"code":34618,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34620,34621,34629,34641,34645],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34622,34623,34625,34627],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34624,3322],{"class":72},[66,34626,77],{"class":76},[66,34628,2886],{"class":117},[66,34630,34631,34633,34635,34637,34639],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34632,8170],{"class":72},[66,34634,77],{"class":76},[66,34636,97],{"class":84},[66,34638,7970],{"class":88},[66,34640,376],{"class":84},[66,34642,34643],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,34644,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,34646,34647,34649,34651,34653],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,34648,155],{"class":154},[66,34650,158],{"class":80},[66,34652,34440],{"class":154},[66,34654,345],{"class":80},[20,34656,34657,34658,4688,34660,34662],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34659,2471],{},[15,34661,89],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1430,34664,34666],{"id":34665},"dirobject",[15,34667,34451],{},[20,34669,34670],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[57,34672,34674],{"className":59,"code":34673,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34675,34676,34694],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34677,34678,34680,34682,34684,34686,34688,34690,34692],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34679,155],{"class":154},[66,34681,158],{"class":80},[66,34683,34440],{"class":154},[66,34685,158],{"class":80},[66,34687,85],{"class":84},[66,34689,4139],{"class":88},[66,34691,85],{"class":84},[66,34693,181],{"class":80},[66,34695,34696,34698,34700,34702,34704,34706,34708,34710,34712,34714],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34697,155],{"class":154},[66,34699,158],{"class":80},[66,34701,34440],{"class":154},[66,34703,199],{"class":80},[66,34705,1714],{"class":117},[66,34707,105],{"class":80},[66,34709,1719],{"class":117},[66,34711,105],{"class":80},[66,34713,1724],{"class":117},[66,34715,3296],{"class":80},[20,34717,34718],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34720,34721,34723,34725,34728],{},[33,34722,5605],{},[33,34724,5596],{},[33,34726,34727],{},"modules",[33,34729,34730],{},"custom objects",[52,34732,1848,34734,34736],{"id":34733},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34735,34379],{}," with a value",[20,34738,34739,34740,34742],{},"A common use of ",[15,34741,34379],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1430,34744,34746],{"id":34745},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[57,34748,34750],{"className":59,"code":34749,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34751,34752,34765],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34753,34754,34757,34759,34761,34763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34755,34756],{"class":72},"text ",[66,34758,77],{"class":76},[66,34760,97],{"class":84},[66,34762,4139],{"class":88},[66,34764,376],{"class":84},[66,34766,34767,34769,34771,34773,34775,34778],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34768,155],{"class":154},[66,34770,158],{"class":80},[66,34772,34440],{"class":154},[66,34774,158],{"class":80},[66,34776,34777],{"class":137},"text",[66,34779,181],{"class":80},[20,34781,34782],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34784,34785,34789,34793,34797],{},[33,34786,34787],{},[15,34788,8933],{},[33,34790,34791],{},[15,34792,34546],{},[33,34794,34795],{},[15,34796,34537],{},[33,34798,34799],{},[15,34800,8927],{},[20,34802,34803],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1430,34805,34807],{"id":34806},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[57,34809,34811],{"className":59,"code":34810,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34812,34813,34833],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34814,34815,34817,34819,34821,34823,34825,34827,34829,34831],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34816,1706],{"class":72},[66,34818,77],{"class":76},[66,34820,1711],{"class":80},[66,34822,1714],{"class":117},[66,34824,105],{"class":80},[66,34826,1719],{"class":117},[66,34828,105],{"class":80},[66,34830,1724],{"class":117},[66,34832,240],{"class":80},[66,34834,34835,34837,34839,34841,34843,34845],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34836,155],{"class":154},[66,34838,158],{"class":80},[66,34840,34440],{"class":154},[66,34842,158],{"class":80},[66,34844,1735],{"class":137},[66,34846,181],{"class":80},[20,34848,34782],{},[30,34850,34851,34855,34859,34864],{},[33,34852,34853],{},[15,34854,13830],{},[33,34856,34857],{},[15,34858,26305],{},[33,34860,34861],{},[15,34862,34863],{},"remove",[33,34865,34866],{},[15,34867,34868],{},"sort",[20,34870,34871],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34873,34874,34875,34880,34881,34883],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[652,34876,34878],{"href":34877},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34879,2599],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34882,34379],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[52,34885,1848,34887,34612],{"id":34886},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34888,34379],{},[20,34890,34891,34892,34894],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34893,34379],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34896,34897],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[57,34899,34901],{"className":59,"code":34900,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34902,34903,34912,34916,34927,34939,34943],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,34904,34905,34907,34909],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,34906,3322],{"class":72},[66,34908,77],{"class":76},[66,34910,34911],{"class":117}," 5\n",[66,34913,34914],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,34915,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,34917,34918,34921,34925],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,34919,34920],{"class":957},"def",[66,34922,34924],{"class":34923},"sGLFI"," greet",[66,34926,1076],{"class":80},[66,34928,34929,34932,34934,34937],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,34930,34931],{"class":1060},"    return",[66,34933,97],{"class":84},[66,34935,34936],{"class":88},"Hello",[66,34938,376],{"class":84},[66,34940,34941],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,34942,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,34944,34945,34947,34949,34951],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,34946,155],{"class":154},[66,34948,158],{"class":80},[66,34950,34440],{"class":154},[66,34952,345],{"class":80},[20,34954,34955],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,34957,34958,34962],{},[33,34959,34960],{},[15,34961,2471],{},[33,34963,34964],{},[15,34965,34966],{},"greet",[20,34968,34969],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,34971,34972,34975,34978],{},[33,34973,34974],{},"what variables exist",[33,34976,34977],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,34979,34980],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34982,34983],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[52,34985,34987],{"id":34986},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34989,34990,34991,34993],{},"When you first use ",[15,34992,34379],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34995,281],{},[57,34997,34998],{"className":59,"code":34749,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,34999,35000,35012],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35001,35002,35004,35006,35008,35010],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35003,34756],{"class":72},[66,35005,77],{"class":76},[66,35007,97],{"class":84},[66,35009,4139],{"class":88},[66,35011,376],{"class":84},[66,35013,35014,35016,35018,35020,35022,35024],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35015,155],{"class":154},[66,35017,158],{"class":80},[66,35019,34440],{"class":154},[66,35021,158],{"class":80},[66,35023,34777],{"class":137},[66,35025,181],{"class":80},[20,35027,35028],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,35030,35031,35035,35039],{},[33,35032,35033],{},[15,35034,34478],{},[33,35036,35037],{},[15,35038,34514],{},[33,35040,35041],{},[15,35042,35043],{},"__len__",[20,35045,35046],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35048,35049],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,35051,35052,35056,35060,35064],{},[33,35053,35054],{},[15,35055,34546],{},[33,35057,35058],{},[15,35059,8933],{},[33,35061,35062],{},[15,35063,34537],{},[33,35065,35066],{},[15,35067,35068],{},"replace",[20,35070,35071],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,35073,35074,35082],{},[33,35075,35076,35078,35079],{},[15,35077,34379],{}," lists ",[185,35080,35081],{},"names only",[33,35083,35084,35085,35087],{},"it does ",[185,35086,4926],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35089,35090,35091,50],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[652,35092,35094],{"href":35093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35095,35096],{},"help()",[20,35098,5767],{},[57,35100,35102],{"className":59,"code":35101,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35103,35104,35116],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35105,35106,35108,35110,35112,35114],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35107,8170],{"class":72},[66,35109,77],{"class":76},[66,35111,97],{"class":84},[66,35113,4139],{"class":88},[66,35115,376],{"class":84},[66,35117,35118,35120,35122,35124,35126,35128],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35119,32219],{"class":154},[66,35121,158],{"class":80},[66,35123,89],{"class":137},[66,35125,50],{"class":80},[66,35127,34546],{"class":784},[66,35129,163],{"class":80},[52,35131,35133,35135],{"id":35132},"dir-on-modules",[15,35134,34379],{}," on modules",[20,35137,15988,35138,35140],{},[15,35139,34379],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35142,35143],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1430,35145,35147,35148,35150],{"id":35146},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35149,18677],{}," module",[57,35152,35154],{"className":59,"code":35153,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35155,35156,35164,35168],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35157,35158,35161],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35159,35160],{"class":1060},"import",[66,35162,35163],{"class":72}," math\n",[66,35165,35166],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35167,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,35169,35170,35172,35174,35176,35178,35180],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,35171,155],{"class":154},[66,35173,158],{"class":80},[66,35175,34440],{"class":154},[66,35177,158],{"class":80},[66,35179,18677],{"class":137},[66,35181,181],{"class":80},[20,35183,35184],{},"You may see names like:",[30,35186,35187,35192,35197,35202],{},[33,35188,35189],{},[15,35190,35191],{},"sqrt",[33,35193,35194],{},[15,35195,35196],{},"ceil",[33,35198,35199],{},[15,35200,35201],{},"floor",[33,35203,35204],{},[15,35205,35206],{},"pi",[20,35208,35209],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35211,35212],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,35214,35215,35221],{},[33,35216,35217],{},[652,35218,35220],{"href":35219},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,35222,35223],{},[652,35224,35226],{"href":35225},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1430,35228,35230],{"id":35229},"another-example","Another example",[57,35232,35234],{"className":59,"code":35233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35235,35236,35243,35247],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35237,35238,35240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35239,35160],{"class":1060},[66,35241,35242],{"class":72}," json\n",[66,35244,35245],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35246,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,35248,35249,35251,35253,35255,35257,35260],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,35250,155],{"class":154},[66,35252,158],{"class":80},[66,35254,34440],{"class":154},[66,35256,158],{"class":80},[66,35258,35259],{"class":137},"json",[66,35261,181],{"class":80},[20,35263,35264,35265,2487,35268,2487,35271,17341,35274,50],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35266,35267],{},"dump",[15,35269,35270],{},"dumps",[15,35272,35273],{},"load",[15,35275,35276],{},"loads",[52,35278,35280,10871,35282],{"id":35279},"dir-vs-help",[15,35281,34379],{},[15,35283,35096],{},[20,35285,35286,4688,35288,35290],{},[15,35287,34379],{},[15,35289,35096],{}," are often used together.",[1430,35292,35293],{"id":34440},[15,35294,34379],{},[30,35296,35297,35300],{},[33,35298,35299],{},"shows available names",[33,35301,35302],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1430,35304,35305],{"id":32219},[15,35306,35096],{},[30,35308,35309,35312],{},[33,35310,35311],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,35313,35314],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35316,35317],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[57,35319,35321],{"className":59,"code":35320,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35322,35323,35335,35339,35353],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35324,35325,35327,35329,35331,35333],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35326,8170],{"class":72},[66,35328,77],{"class":76},[66,35330,97],{"class":84},[66,35332,4139],{"class":88},[66,35334,376],{"class":84},[66,35336,35337],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35338,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,35340,35341,35343,35345,35347,35349,35351],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,35342,155],{"class":154},[66,35344,158],{"class":80},[66,35346,34440],{"class":154},[66,35348,158],{"class":80},[66,35350,89],{"class":137},[66,35352,181],{"class":80},[66,35354,35355,35357,35359,35361,35363,35365],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,35356,32219],{"class":154},[66,35358,158],{"class":80},[66,35360,89],{"class":137},[66,35362,50],{"class":80},[66,35364,34546],{"class":784},[66,35366,163],{"class":80},[20,35368,243,35369,35371,35372,35374,35375,35377],{},[15,35370,34379],{}," first to find a method name.",[10134,35373],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35376,35096],{}," to understand how to use it.",[52,35379,1423],{"id":1422},[20,35381,35382],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1430,35384,35386,35388],{"id":35385},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35387,34379],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35390,35391,35393],{},[15,35392,34379],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35395,35396,35397,35399,35400,35403],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35398,34546],{}," in ",[15,35401,35402],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1430,35405,35407],{"id":35406},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35409,35410],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35412,35413],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1430,35415,35417],{"id":35416},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35419,35420],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35422,5767],{},[30,35424,35425,35430,35436],{},[33,35426,35427,35429],{},[15,35428,35402],{}," shows string-related names",[33,35431,35432,35435],{},[15,35433,35434],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,35437,35438,35441,35442,35150],{},[15,35439,35440],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35443,18677],{},[1430,35445,35447],{"id":35446},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35449,35450,35451,35453],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35452,34379],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35455,35456,35459,35462],{},[33,35457,35458],{},"what it does",[33,35460,35461],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35463,35464],{},"what it returns",[20,35466,35467,35468,35470],{},"That is why ",[15,35469,35096],{}," is the natural next step.",[52,35472,1838],{"id":1837},[20,35474,35475,35476,35478],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35477,34379],{}," in these situations:",[30,35480,35481,35484,35493,35496],{},[33,35482,35483],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35485,35486,35487,35492],{},"Seeing an ",[652,35488,35490],{"href":35489},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35491,1747],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35494,35495],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35497,1848,35498,35500,35501],{},[15,35499,34379],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35502,35096],{},[20,35504,35505],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[57,35507,35509],{"className":59,"code":35508,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35510,35511,35523,35527,35541,35555],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35512,35513,35515,35517,35519,35521],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35514,8170],{"class":72},[66,35516,77],{"class":76},[66,35518,97],{"class":84},[66,35520,4139],{"class":88},[66,35522,376],{"class":84},[66,35524,35525],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35526,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,35528,35529,35531,35533,35535,35537,35539],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,35530,155],{"class":154},[66,35532,158],{"class":80},[66,35534,912],{"class":173},[66,35536,158],{"class":80},[66,35538,89],{"class":137},[66,35540,181],{"class":80},[66,35542,35543,35545,35547,35549,35551,35553],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,35544,155],{"class":154},[66,35546,158],{"class":80},[66,35548,34440],{"class":154},[66,35550,158],{"class":80},[66,35552,89],{"class":137},[66,35554,181],{"class":80},[66,35556,35557,35559,35561,35563,35565,35567],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,35558,32219],{"class":154},[66,35560,158],{"class":80},[66,35562,89],{"class":137},[66,35564,50],{"class":80},[66,35566,34546],{"class":784},[66,35568,163],{"class":80},[20,35570,35571],{},"And for modules:",[57,35573,35574],{"className":59,"code":35153,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,35575,35576,35582,35586],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35577,35578,35580],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35579,35160],{"class":1060},[66,35581,35163],{"class":72},[66,35583,35584],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35585,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,35587,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596,35598],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,35589,155],{"class":154},[66,35591,158],{"class":80},[66,35593,34440],{"class":154},[66,35595,158],{"class":80},[66,35597,18677],{"class":137},[66,35599,181],{"class":80},[20,35601,35602],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[57,35604,35606],{"className":59,"code":35605,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35607,35608,35613,35625,35635,35649,35655],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35609,35610],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35611,35612],{"class":72},"python\n",[66,35614,35615,35617,35619,35621,35623],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35616,8170],{"class":72},[66,35618,77],{"class":76},[66,35620,97],{"class":84},[66,35622,4139],{"class":88},[66,35624,376],{"class":84},[66,35626,35627,35629,35631,35633],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,35628,34440],{"class":154},[66,35630,158],{"class":80},[66,35632,89],{"class":137},[66,35634,163],{"class":80},[66,35636,35637,35639,35641,35643,35645,35647],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,35638,32219],{"class":154},[66,35640,158],{"class":80},[66,35642,89],{"class":137},[66,35644,50],{"class":80},[66,35646,34546],{"class":784},[66,35648,163],{"class":80},[66,35650,35651,35653],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,35652,35160],{"class":1060},[66,35654,35163],{"class":72},[66,35656,35657,35659,35661,35663],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,35658,34440],{"class":154},[66,35660,158],{"class":80},[66,35662,18677],{"class":137},[66,35664,163],{"class":80},[52,35666,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,35668,5438,35670,2122],{"id":35669},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35671,34379],{},[20,35673,35674],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1430,35676,5475,35678,4688,35680,2151],{"id":35677},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35679,34379],{},[15,35681,35096],{},[20,35683,35684,35686,35687,35689],{},[15,35685,34379],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35688,35096],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1430,35691,35693,35694,35696],{"id":35692},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35695,34379],{}," output?",[20,35698,35699],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1430,35701,5465,35703,35705,35706,2151],{"id":35702},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35704,34379],{}," help fix ",[15,35707,1747],{},[20,35709,35710,35711,50],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[652,35712,35713],{"href":35489},"object has no attribute",[52,35715,2183],{"id":2182},[30,35717,35718,35724,35729,35733,35737],{},[33,35719,35720],{},[652,35721,3870,35722,3803],{"href":35093},[15,35723,35096],{},[33,35725,35726],{},[652,35727,35728],{"href":35489},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35730,35731],{},[652,35732,35220],{"href":35219},[33,35734,35735],{},[652,35736,35226],{"href":35225},[33,35738,35739],{},[652,35740,3870,35741,3803],{"href":34877},[15,35742,2599],{},[20,35744,35745,35746,35748,35749,35751],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35747,34379],{}," together with ",[15,35750,35096],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2222,35753,35754],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":35756},[35757,35758,35760,35765,35770,35772,35773,35779,35784,35791,35792,35802],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":34556,"depth":124,"text":35759},"What dir() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":35761},[35762,35764],{"id":34609,"depth":144,"text":35763},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34665,"depth":144,"text":34451},{"id":34733,"depth":124,"text":35766,"children":35767},"Using dir() with a value",[35768,35769],{"id":34745,"depth":144,"text":34746},{"id":34806,"depth":144,"text":34807},{"id":34886,"depth":124,"text":35771},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34986,"depth":124,"text":34987},{"id":35132,"depth":124,"text":35774,"children":35775},"dir() on modules",[35776,35778],{"id":35146,"depth":144,"text":35777},"Example: math module",{"id":35229,"depth":144,"text":35230},{"id":35279,"depth":124,"text":35780,"children":35781},"dir() vs help()",[35782,35783],{"id":34440,"depth":144,"text":34379},{"id":32219,"depth":144,"text":35096},{"id":1422,"depth":124,"text":1423,"children":35785},[35786,35788,35789,35790],{"id":35385,"depth":144,"text":35787},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35406,"depth":144,"text":35407},{"id":35416,"depth":144,"text":35417},{"id":35446,"depth":144,"text":35447},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":35793},[35794,35796,35798,35800],{"id":35669,"depth":144,"text":35795},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35677,"depth":144,"text":35797},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35692,"depth":144,"text":35799},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35702,"depth":144,"text":35801},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34371,"description":35803},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35810,"title":35811,"body":35812,"description":37632,"extension":2260,"meta":37633,"navigation":147,"path":37634,"seo":37635,"stem":37636,"__hash__":37637},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35813,"toc":37601},[35814,35820,35825,35828,35836,35842,35844,35924,35926,35952,35957,35962,35967,35970,35981,35984,35986,36065,36067,36093,36100,36102,36104,36129,36132,36145,36150,36152,36233,36235,36261,36270,36275,36283,36289,36296,36299,36301,36380,36383,36440,36442,36479,36485,36490,36495,36498,36512,36514,36617,36619,36662,36671,36681,36688,36694,36701,36784,36786,36809,36812,36815,36817,36821,36825,36828,36891,36914,36917,36921,36927,36929,36996,36999,37076,37081,37087,37090,37093,37139,37141,37165,37170,37174,37179,37185,37248,37251,37253,37256,37281,37284,37419,37421,37522,37524,37529,37532,37538,37548,37556,37561,37567,37573,37575,37598],[10,35815,3870,35817,3874],{"id":35816},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35818,35819],{},"enumerate()",[20,35821,35822,35824],{},[15,35823,35819],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35826,35827],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35829,35830,35833],{},[33,35831,35832],{},"the item itself",[33,35834,35835],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35837,35838,35839,35841],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35840,35819],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[52,35843,55],{"id":54},[57,35845,35847],{"className":59,"code":35846,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35848,35849,35881,35885,35908],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35850,35851,35853,35855,35857,35859,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869,35871,35873,35875,35877,35879],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35852,13356],{"class":72},[66,35854,77],{"class":76},[66,35856,1711],{"class":80},[66,35858,85],{"class":84},[66,35860,13373],{"class":88},[66,35862,85],{"class":84},[66,35864,105],{"class":80},[66,35866,97],{"class":84},[66,35868,17716],{"class":88},[66,35870,85],{"class":84},[66,35872,105],{"class":80},[66,35874,97],{"class":84},[66,35876,13390],{"class":88},[66,35878,85],{"class":84},[66,35880,240],{"class":80},[66,35882,35883],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35884,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,35886,35887,35889,35892,35894,35897,35899,35902,35904,35906],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,35888,1061],{"class":1060},[66,35890,35891],{"class":72}," index",[66,35893,105],{"class":80},[66,35895,35896],{"class":72}," color ",[66,35898,1067],{"class":1060},[66,35900,35901],{"class":154}," enumerate",[66,35903,158],{"class":80},[66,35905,17763],{"class":137},[66,35907,8635],{"class":80},[66,35909,35910,35912,35914,35917,35919,35922],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,35911,1081],{"class":154},[66,35913,158],{"class":80},[66,35915,35916],{"class":137},"index",[66,35918,105],{"class":80},[66,35920,35921],{"class":137}," color",[66,35923,163],{"class":80},[20,35925,187],{},[57,35927,35929],{"className":59,"code":35928,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35930,35931,35938,35945],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35932,35933,35935],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35934,2021],{"class":117},[66,35936,35937],{"class":72}," red\n",[66,35939,35940,35942],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,35941,1714],{"class":117},[66,35943,35944],{"class":72}," green\n",[66,35946,35947,35949],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,35948,2354],{"class":117},[66,35950,35951],{"class":72}," blue\n",[20,35953,243,35954,35956],{},[15,35955,35819],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[52,35958,250,35960,253],{"id":35959},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35961,35819],{},[20,35963,35964,35966],{},[15,35965,35819],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35968,35969],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35971,35972,35974,35976,35978],{},[33,35973,5596],{},[33,35975,5599],{},[33,35977,5605],{},[33,35979,35980],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35982,35983],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35985,281],{},[57,35987,35989],{"className":59,"code":35988,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35990,35991,36025,36029,36050],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,35992,35993,35995,35997,35999,36001,36003,36005,36007,36009,36012,36014,36016,36018,36021,36023],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,35994,5290],{"class":72},[66,35996,77],{"class":76},[66,35998,1711],{"class":80},[66,36000,85],{"class":84},[66,36002,100],{"class":88},[66,36004,85],{"class":84},[66,36006,105],{"class":80},[66,36008,97],{"class":84},[66,36010,36011],{"class":88},"Ben",[66,36013,85],{"class":84},[66,36015,105],{"class":80},[66,36017,97],{"class":84},[66,36019,36020],{"class":88},"Cara",[66,36022,85],{"class":84},[66,36024,240],{"class":80},[66,36026,36027],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36028,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,36030,36031,36033,36035,36037,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36032,1061],{"class":1060},[66,36034,35891],{"class":72},[66,36036,105],{"class":80},[66,36038,36039],{"class":72}," name ",[66,36041,1067],{"class":1060},[66,36043,35901],{"class":154},[66,36045,158],{"class":80},[66,36047,5334],{"class":137},[66,36049,8635],{"class":80},[66,36051,36052,36054,36056,36058,36060,36063],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,36053,1081],{"class":154},[66,36055,158],{"class":80},[66,36057,35916],{"class":137},[66,36059,105],{"class":80},[66,36061,36062],{"class":137}," name",[66,36064,163],{"class":80},[20,36066,187],{},[57,36068,36070],{"className":59,"code":36069,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36071,36072,36079,36086],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36073,36074,36076],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36075,2021],{"class":117},[66,36077,36078],{"class":72}," Ana\n",[66,36080,36081,36083],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36082,1714],{"class":117},[66,36084,36085],{"class":72}," Ben\n",[66,36087,36088,36090],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36089,2354],{"class":117},[66,36091,36092],{"class":72}," Cara\n",[20,36094,36095,36096,50],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[652,36097,36099],{"href":36098},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[52,36101,2455],{"id":2454},[20,36103,662],{},[57,36105,36107],{"className":59,"code":36106,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36108,36109],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36110,36111,36114,36116,36118,36120,36123,36125,36127],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36112,36113],{"class":154},"enumerate",[66,36115,158],{"class":80},[66,36117,4013],{"class":137},[66,36119,105],{"class":80},[66,36121,36122],{"class":9467}," start",[66,36124,77],{"class":76},[66,36126,2021],{"class":117},[66,36128,163],{"class":80},[20,36130,36131],{},"It has two parts:",[30,36133,36134,36139],{},[33,36135,36136,36138],{},[15,36137,4013],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,36140,36141,36144],{},[15,36142,36143],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36146,36147,36148,50],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36149,2021],{},[20,36151,281],{},[57,36153,36155],{"className":59,"code":36154,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36156,36157,36190,36194,36217],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36158,36159,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186,36188],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36160,36161],{"class":72},"letters ",[66,36163,77],{"class":76},[66,36165,1711],{"class":80},[66,36167,85],{"class":84},[66,36169,652],{"class":88},[66,36171,85],{"class":84},[66,36173,105],{"class":80},[66,36175,97],{"class":84},[66,36177,1903],{"class":88},[66,36179,85],{"class":84},[66,36181,105],{"class":80},[66,36183,97],{"class":84},[66,36185,10027],{"class":88},[66,36187,85],{"class":84},[66,36189,240],{"class":80},[66,36191,36192],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36193,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,36195,36196,36198,36201,36203,36206,36208,36210,36212,36215],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36197,1061],{"class":1060},[66,36199,36200],{"class":72}," i",[66,36202,105],{"class":80},[66,36204,36205],{"class":72}," letter ",[66,36207,1067],{"class":1060},[66,36209,35901],{"class":154},[66,36211,158],{"class":80},[66,36213,36214],{"class":137},"letters",[66,36216,8635],{"class":80},[66,36218,36219,36221,36223,36226,36228,36231],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,36220,1081],{"class":154},[66,36222,158],{"class":80},[66,36224,36225],{"class":137},"i",[66,36227,105],{"class":80},[66,36229,36230],{"class":137}," letter",[66,36232,163],{"class":80},[20,36234,187],{},[57,36236,36238],{"className":59,"code":36237,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36239,36240,36247,36254],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36241,36242,36244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36243,2021],{"class":117},[66,36245,36246],{"class":72}," a\n",[66,36248,36249,36251],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36250,1714],{"class":117},[66,36252,36253],{"class":72}," b\n",[66,36255,36256,36258],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36257,2354],{"class":117},[66,36259,36260],{"class":72}," c\n",[20,36262,36263,36264,50],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[652,36265,3870,36267,3803],{"href":36266},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36268,36269],{},"range()",[52,36271,250,36273,2108],{"id":36272},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36274,35819],{},[20,36276,36277,36279,36280,50],{},[15,36278,35819],{}," returns an ",[185,36281,36282],{},"enumerate object",[20,36284,36285,36286,36288],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36287,1061],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,36290,36291],{},[33,36292,36293],{},[15,36294,36295],{},"(index, item)",[20,36297,36298],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36300,281],{},[57,36302,36304],{"className":59,"code":36303,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36305,36306,36339,36343,36365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36307,36308,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36309,36310],{"class":72},"fruits ",[66,36312,77],{"class":76},[66,36314,1711],{"class":80},[66,36316,85],{"class":84},[66,36318,4372],{"class":88},[66,36320,85],{"class":84},[66,36322,105],{"class":80},[66,36324,97],{"class":84},[66,36326,4381],{"class":88},[66,36328,85],{"class":84},[66,36330,105],{"class":80},[66,36332,97],{"class":84},[66,36334,33288],{"class":88},[66,36336,85],{"class":84},[66,36338,240],{"class":80},[66,36340,36341],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36342,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,36344,36345,36347,36349,36351,36354,36356,36358,36360,36363],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36346,1061],{"class":1060},[66,36348,35891],{"class":72},[66,36350,105],{"class":80},[66,36352,36353],{"class":72}," fruit ",[66,36355,1067],{"class":1060},[66,36357,35901],{"class":154},[66,36359,158],{"class":80},[66,36361,36362],{"class":137},"fruits",[66,36364,8635],{"class":80},[66,36366,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36378],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,36368,1081],{"class":154},[66,36370,158],{"class":80},[66,36372,35916],{"class":137},[66,36374,105],{"class":80},[66,36376,36377],{"class":137}," fruit",[66,36379,163],{"class":80},[20,36381,36382],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[57,36384,36386],{"className":59,"code":36385,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36387,36388,36408,36412,36430],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36389,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398,36400,36402,36404,36406],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36391,1706],{"class":72},[66,36393,77],{"class":76},[66,36395,1711],{"class":80},[66,36397,2628],{"class":117},[66,36399,105],{"class":80},[66,36401,118],{"class":117},[66,36403,105],{"class":80},[66,36405,8088],{"class":117},[66,36407,240],{"class":80},[66,36409,36410],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36411,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,36413,36414,36416,36418,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36415,877],{"class":72},[66,36417,77],{"class":76},[66,36419,1656],{"class":173},[66,36421,158],{"class":80},[66,36423,36113],{"class":154},[66,36425,158],{"class":80},[66,36427,1735],{"class":137},[66,36429,181],{"class":80},[66,36431,36432,36434,36436,36438],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,36433,155],{"class":154},[66,36435,158],{"class":80},[66,36437,901],{"class":137},[66,36439,163],{"class":80},[20,36441,187],{},[57,36443,36445],{"className":59,"code":36444,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36446,36447],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36448,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36450,21997],{"class":80},[66,36452,2021],{"class":117},[66,36454,105],{"class":80},[66,36456,6297],{"class":117},[66,36458,9524],{"class":80},[66,36460,9527],{"class":80},[66,36462,1714],{"class":117},[66,36464,105],{"class":80},[66,36466,118],{"class":117},[66,36468,9524],{"class":80},[66,36470,9527],{"class":80},[66,36472,2354],{"class":117},[66,36474,105],{"class":80},[66,36476,8088],{"class":117},[66,36478,9540],{"class":80},[20,36480,36481,36482,36484],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36483,35819],{}," produces.",[52,36486,1154,36488],{"id":36487},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36489,35819],{},[20,36491,243,36492,36494],{},[15,36493,35819],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36496,36497],{},"Common cases:",[30,36499,36500,36503,36506,36509],{},[33,36501,36502],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36504,36505],{},"building menus",[33,36507,36508],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36510,36511],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36513,281],{},[57,36515,36517],{"className":59,"code":36516,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36518,36519,36554,36558,36588],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36520,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36532,36534,36536,36538,36541,36543,36545,36547,36550,36552],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36522,29963],{"class":72},[66,36524,77],{"class":76},[66,36526,1711],{"class":80},[66,36528,85],{"class":84},[66,36530,36531],{"class":88},"Wash dishes",[66,36533,85],{"class":84},[66,36535,105],{"class":80},[66,36537,97],{"class":84},[66,36539,36540],{"class":88},"Study Python",[66,36542,85],{"class":84},[66,36544,105],{"class":80},[66,36546,97],{"class":84},[66,36548,36549],{"class":88},"Go for a walk",[66,36551,85],{"class":84},[66,36553,240],{"class":80},[66,36555,36556],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36557,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,36559,36560,36562,36564,36566,36569,36571,36573,36575,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36561,1061],{"class":1060},[66,36563,2495],{"class":72},[66,36565,105],{"class":80},[66,36567,36568],{"class":72}," task ",[66,36570,1067],{"class":1060},[66,36572,35901],{"class":154},[66,36574,158],{"class":80},[66,36576,36577],{"class":137},"tasks",[66,36579,105],{"class":80},[66,36581,36122],{"class":9467},[66,36583,77],{"class":76},[66,36585,1714],{"class":117},[66,36587,8635],{"class":80},[66,36589,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608,36611,36613,36615],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,36591,1081],{"class":154},[66,36593,158],{"class":80},[66,36595,22548],{"class":957},[66,36597,85],{"class":88},[66,36599,9569],{"class":117},[66,36601,2537],{"class":137},[66,36603,22557],{"class":117},[66,36605,28378],{"class":88},[66,36607,9569],{"class":117},[66,36609,36610],{"class":137},"task",[66,36612,22557],{"class":117},[66,36614,85],{"class":88},[66,36616,163],{"class":80},[20,36618,187],{},[57,36620,36622],{"className":59,"code":36621,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36623,36624,36636,36648],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36625,36626,36628,36630,36633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36627,1714],{"class":117},[66,36629,50],{"class":80},[66,36631,36632],{"class":784}," Wash",[66,36634,36635],{"class":72}," dishes\n",[66,36637,36638,36640,36642,36645],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36639,2354],{"class":117},[66,36641,50],{"class":80},[66,36643,36644],{"class":784}," Study",[66,36646,36647],{"class":72}," Python\n",[66,36649,36650,36652,36654,36657,36659],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36651,2360],{"class":117},[66,36653,50],{"class":80},[66,36655,36656],{"class":784}," Go",[66,36658,4171],{"class":1060},[66,36660,36661],{"class":72}," a walk\n",[20,36663,36664,36665,36667,36668,50],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36666,35819],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36669,36670],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36672,36673,36674,50],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[652,36675,36677,36678,36680],{"href":36676},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36679,35819],{}," in Python",[52,36682,36684,36685,36687],{"id":36683},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36686,36143],{}," argument",[20,36689,36690,36691,36693],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36692,36143],{}," argument.",[20,36695,36696,36697,11376,36699,94],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36698,1714],{},[15,36700,2021],{},[57,36702,36704],{"className":59,"code":36703,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36705,36706,36738,36742,36770],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36707,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36709,13356],{"class":72},[66,36711,77],{"class":76},[66,36713,1711],{"class":80},[66,36715,85],{"class":84},[66,36717,13373],{"class":88},[66,36719,85],{"class":84},[66,36721,105],{"class":80},[66,36723,97],{"class":84},[66,36725,17716],{"class":88},[66,36727,85],{"class":84},[66,36729,105],{"class":80},[66,36731,97],{"class":84},[66,36733,13390],{"class":88},[66,36735,85],{"class":84},[66,36737,240],{"class":80},[66,36739,36740],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36741,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,36743,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36745,1061],{"class":1060},[66,36747,35891],{"class":72},[66,36749,105],{"class":80},[66,36751,35896],{"class":72},[66,36753,1067],{"class":1060},[66,36755,35901],{"class":154},[66,36757,158],{"class":80},[66,36759,17763],{"class":137},[66,36761,105],{"class":80},[66,36763,36122],{"class":9467},[66,36765,77],{"class":76},[66,36767,1714],{"class":117},[66,36769,8635],{"class":80},[66,36771,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,36773,1081],{"class":154},[66,36775,158],{"class":80},[66,36777,35916],{"class":137},[66,36779,105],{"class":80},[66,36781,35921],{"class":137},[66,36783,163],{"class":80},[20,36785,187],{},[57,36787,36789],{"className":59,"code":36788,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36790,36791,36797,36803],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36792,36793,36795],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36794,1714],{"class":117},[66,36796,35937],{"class":72},[66,36798,36799,36801],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36800,2354],{"class":117},[66,36802,35944],{"class":72},[66,36804,36805,36807],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36806,2360],{"class":117},[66,36808,35951],{"class":72},[20,36810,36811],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36813,36814],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[52,36816,1423],{"id":1422},[20,36818,1426,36819,50],{},[15,36820,35819],{},[1430,36822,36824],{"id":36823},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36826,36827],{},"In this loop:",[57,36829,36831],{"className":59,"code":36830,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36832,36833,36853,36857,36877],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36834,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843,36845,36847,36849,36851],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36836,1706],{"class":72},[66,36838,77],{"class":76},[66,36840,1711],{"class":80},[66,36842,2628],{"class":117},[66,36844,105],{"class":80},[66,36846,118],{"class":117},[66,36848,105],{"class":80},[66,36850,8088],{"class":117},[66,36852,240],{"class":80},[66,36854,36855],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36856,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,36858,36859,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36860,1061],{"class":1060},[66,36862,35891],{"class":72},[66,36864,105],{"class":80},[66,36866,21842],{"class":72},[66,36868,1067],{"class":1060},[66,36870,35901],{"class":154},[66,36872,158],{"class":80},[66,36874,1735],{"class":137},[66,36876,8635],{"class":80},[66,36878,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,36880,1081],{"class":154},[66,36882,158],{"class":80},[66,36884,35916],{"class":137},[66,36886,105],{"class":80},[66,36888,8726],{"class":137},[66,36890,163],{"class":80},[30,36892,36893,36903],{},[33,36894,36895,5079,36897,2487,36899,2487,36901],{},[15,36896,35916],{},[15,36898,2021],{},[15,36900,1714],{},[15,36902,2354],{},[33,36904,36905,5079,36907,2487,36909,2487,36911],{},[15,36906,2771],{},[15,36908,2628],{},[15,36910,16028],{},[15,36912,36913],{},"30",[20,36915,36916],{},"These are different things.",[1430,36918,36920],{"id":36919},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36922,36923,36924,36926],{},"Each item from ",[15,36925,35819],{}," is a pair.",[20,36928,6981],{},[57,36930,36932],{"className":59,"code":36931,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36933,36934,36958,36962,36982],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,36935,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,36937,8073],{"class":72},[66,36939,77],{"class":76},[66,36941,1711],{"class":80},[66,36943,85],{"class":84},[66,36945,2471],{"class":88},[66,36947,85],{"class":84},[66,36949,105],{"class":80},[66,36951,97],{"class":84},[66,36953,12026],{"class":88},[66,36955,85],{"class":84},[66,36957,240],{"class":80},[66,36959,36960],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,36961,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,36963,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,36965,1061],{"class":1060},[66,36967,36200],{"class":72},[66,36969,105],{"class":80},[66,36971,6253],{"class":72},[66,36973,1067],{"class":1060},[66,36975,35901],{"class":154},[66,36977,158],{"class":80},[66,36979,8103],{"class":137},[66,36981,8635],{"class":80},[66,36983,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,36985,1081],{"class":154},[66,36987,158],{"class":80},[66,36989,36225],{"class":137},[66,36991,105],{"class":80},[66,36993,29572],{"class":137},[66,36995,163],{"class":80},[20,36997,36998],{},"But this causes an error:",[57,37000,37002],{"className":59,"code":37001,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37003,37004,37028,37032,37057],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37005,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37007,8073],{"class":72},[66,37009,77],{"class":76},[66,37011,1711],{"class":80},[66,37013,85],{"class":84},[66,37015,2471],{"class":88},[66,37017,85],{"class":84},[66,37019,105],{"class":80},[66,37021,97],{"class":84},[66,37023,12026],{"class":88},[66,37025,85],{"class":84},[66,37027,240],{"class":80},[66,37029,37030],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,37031,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,37033,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,37035,1061],{"class":1060},[66,37037,36200],{"class":72},[66,37039,105],{"class":80},[66,37041,29572],{"class":72},[66,37043,105],{"class":80},[66,37045,37046],{"class":72}," extra ",[66,37048,1067],{"class":1060},[66,37050,35901],{"class":154},[66,37052,158],{"class":80},[66,37054,8103],{"class":137},[66,37056,8635],{"class":80},[66,37058,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37074],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,37060,1081],{"class":154},[66,37062,158],{"class":80},[66,37064,36225],{"class":137},[66,37066,105],{"class":80},[66,37068,29572],{"class":137},[66,37070,105],{"class":80},[66,37072,37073],{"class":137}," extra",[66,37075,163],{"class":80},[20,37077,29126,37078,37080],{},[15,37079,35819],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1430,37082,37084,37086],{"id":37083},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37085,35819],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37088,37089],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37091,37092],{},"Example with a string:",[57,37094,37096],{"className":59,"code":37095,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37097,37098,37124],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37099,37100,37102,37104,37106,37109,37111,37113,37115,37117,37120,37122],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37101,1061],{"class":1060},[66,37103,35891],{"class":72},[66,37105,105],{"class":80},[66,37107,37108],{"class":72}," char ",[66,37110,1067],{"class":1060},[66,37112,35901],{"class":154},[66,37114,158],{"class":80},[66,37116,85],{"class":84},[66,37118,37119],{"class":88},"cat",[66,37121,85],{"class":84},[66,37123,8635],{"class":80},[66,37125,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37137],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,37127,1081],{"class":154},[66,37129,158],{"class":80},[66,37131,35916],{"class":137},[66,37133,105],{"class":80},[66,37135,37136],{"class":137}," char",[66,37138,163],{"class":80},[20,37140,187],{},[57,37142,37144],{"className":59,"code":37143,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37145,37146,37152,37158],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37147,37148,37150],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37149,2021],{"class":117},[66,37151,36260],{"class":72},[66,37153,37154,37156],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,37155,1714],{"class":117},[66,37157,36246],{"class":72},[66,37159,37160,37162],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,37161,2354],{"class":117},[66,37163,37164],{"class":72}," t\n",[20,37166,37167,37168,50],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[652,37169,5432],{"href":5881},[1430,37171,37173],{"id":37172},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37175,37176,37177,50],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37178,35819],{},[20,37180,37181,37182,37184],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37183,1061],{}," loop:",[57,37186,37188],{"className":59,"code":37187,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37189,37190,37222,37226,37238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37191,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37193,13356],{"class":72},[66,37195,77],{"class":76},[66,37197,1711],{"class":80},[66,37199,85],{"class":84},[66,37201,13373],{"class":88},[66,37203,85],{"class":84},[66,37205,105],{"class":80},[66,37207,97],{"class":84},[66,37209,17716],{"class":88},[66,37211,85],{"class":84},[66,37213,105],{"class":80},[66,37215,97],{"class":84},[66,37217,13390],{"class":88},[66,37219,85],{"class":84},[66,37221,240],{"class":80},[66,37223,37224],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,37225,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,37227,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,37229,1061],{"class":1060},[66,37231,35896],{"class":72},[66,37233,1067],{"class":1060},[66,37235,13404],{"class":72},[66,37237,1133],{"class":80},[66,37239,37240,37242,37244,37246],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,37241,1081],{"class":154},[66,37243,158],{"class":80},[66,37245,32958],{"class":137},[66,37247,163],{"class":80},[20,37249,37250],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[52,37252,1838],{"id":1837},[20,37254,37255],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,37257,37258,37263,37269,37274],{},[33,37259,23353,37260,37262],{},[15,37261,35819],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,37264,37265,37266,37268],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37267,2021],{}," by default",[33,37270,1848,37271,37273],{},[15,37272,35819],{}," when only values are needed",[33,37275,37276,37277,8997,37279],{},"Confusing ",[15,37278,35819],{},[15,37280,36269],{},[20,37282,37283],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[57,37285,37287],{"className":59,"code":37286,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37288,37289,37311,37338,37372,37405],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37290,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37292,155],{"class":154},[66,37294,158],{"class":80},[66,37296,36113],{"class":154},[66,37298,199],{"class":80},[66,37300,2628],{"class":117},[66,37302,105],{"class":80},[66,37304,118],{"class":117},[66,37306,105],{"class":80},[66,37308,8088],{"class":117},[66,37310,3296],{"class":80},[66,37312,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,37314,155],{"class":154},[66,37316,158],{"class":80},[66,37318,174],{"class":173},[66,37320,158],{"class":80},[66,37322,36113],{"class":154},[66,37324,199],{"class":80},[66,37326,2628],{"class":117},[66,37328,105],{"class":80},[66,37330,118],{"class":117},[66,37332,105],{"class":80},[66,37334,8088],{"class":117},[66,37336,37337],{"class":80},"])))\n",[66,37339,37340,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,37341,155],{"class":154},[66,37343,158],{"class":80},[66,37345,174],{"class":173},[66,37347,158],{"class":80},[66,37349,36113],{"class":154},[66,37351,199],{"class":80},[66,37353,2628],{"class":117},[66,37355,105],{"class":80},[66,37357,118],{"class":117},[66,37359,105],{"class":80},[66,37361,8088],{"class":117},[66,37363,18323],{"class":80},[66,37365,36122],{"class":9467},[66,37367,77],{"class":76},[66,37369,1714],{"class":117},[66,37371,3210],{"class":80},[66,37373,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,37375,1061],{"class":1060},[66,37377,36200],{"class":72},[66,37379,105],{"class":80},[66,37381,21842],{"class":72},[66,37383,1067],{"class":1060},[66,37385,35901],{"class":154},[66,37387,199],{"class":80},[66,37389,202],{"class":84},[66,37391,652],{"class":88},[66,37393,202],{"class":84},[66,37395,105],{"class":80},[66,37397,211],{"class":84},[66,37399,1903],{"class":88},[66,37401,202],{"class":84},[66,37403,37404],{"class":80},"]):\n",[66,37406,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,37408,1081],{"class":154},[66,37410,158],{"class":80},[66,37412,36225],{"class":137},[66,37414,105],{"class":80},[66,37416,8726],{"class":137},[66,37418,163],{"class":80},[20,37420,17231],{},[57,37422,37424],{"className":59,"code":37423,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37425,37426,37446,37478,37510,37516],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37427,37428,37430,37432,37434,37437,37441,37444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37429,954],{"class":76},[66,37431,36113],{"class":154},[66,37433,641],{"class":173},[66,37435,37436],{"class":72}," at ",[66,37438,37440],{"class":37439},"srjyR","0x",[66,37442,37443],{"class":34521},"...",[66,37445,967],{"class":76},[66,37447,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,37449,21997],{"class":80},[66,37451,2021],{"class":117},[66,37453,105],{"class":80},[66,37455,6297],{"class":117},[66,37457,9524],{"class":80},[66,37459,9527],{"class":80},[66,37461,1714],{"class":117},[66,37463,105],{"class":80},[66,37465,118],{"class":117},[66,37467,9524],{"class":80},[66,37469,9527],{"class":80},[66,37471,2354],{"class":117},[66,37473,105],{"class":80},[66,37475,8088],{"class":117},[66,37477,9540],{"class":80},[66,37479,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,37481,21997],{"class":80},[66,37483,1714],{"class":117},[66,37485,105],{"class":80},[66,37487,6297],{"class":117},[66,37489,9524],{"class":80},[66,37491,9527],{"class":80},[66,37493,2354],{"class":117},[66,37495,105],{"class":80},[66,37497,118],{"class":117},[66,37499,9524],{"class":80},[66,37501,9527],{"class":80},[66,37503,2360],{"class":117},[66,37505,105],{"class":80},[66,37507,8088],{"class":117},[66,37509,9540],{"class":80},[66,37511,37512,37514],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,37513,2021],{"class":117},[66,37515,36246],{"class":72},[66,37517,37518,37520],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,37519,1714],{"class":117},[66,37521,36253],{"class":72},[52,37523,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,37525,5438,37527,2122],{"id":37526},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37528,35819],{},[20,37530,37531],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1430,37533,12986,37535,37537],{"id":37534},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37536,35819],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37539,37540,37541,37543,37544,37547],{},"It starts at ",[15,37542,2021],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37545,37546],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1430,37549,21678,37551,11376,37553,2151],{"id":37550},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37552,35819],{},[15,37554,37555],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37557,36664,37558,37560],{},[15,37559,35819],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1430,37562,5465,37564,37566],{"id":37563},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37565,35819],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37568,37569,37570,37572],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37571,35819],{}," can return each character with its index.",[52,37574,2183],{"id":2182},[30,37576,37577,37581,37587,37594],{},[33,37578,37579],{},[652,37580,36099],{"href":36098},[33,37582,37583],{},[652,37584,3870,37585,3803],{"href":36266},[15,37586,36269],{},[33,37588,37589],{},[652,37590,37591,37592,36680],{"href":36676},"How to use ",[15,37593,35819],{},[33,37595,37596],{},[652,37597,5512],{"href":5881},[2222,37599,37600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":37602},[37603,37604,37606,37607,37609,37611,37613,37620,37621,37631],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":35959,"depth":124,"text":37605},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":36272,"depth":124,"text":37608},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36487,"depth":124,"text":37610},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36683,"depth":124,"text":37612},"Using the start argument",{"id":1422,"depth":124,"text":1423,"children":37614},[37615,37616,37617,37619],{"id":36823,"depth":144,"text":36824},{"id":36919,"depth":144,"text":36920},{"id":37083,"depth":144,"text":37618},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37172,"depth":144,"text":37173},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":37622},[37623,37625,37627,37629],{"id":37526,"depth":144,"text":37624},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37534,"depth":144,"text":37626},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37550,"depth":144,"text":37628},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37563,"depth":144,"text":37630},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35811,"description":37632},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37639,"title":37640,"body":37641,"description":40157,"extension":2260,"meta":40158,"navigation":147,"path":40159,"seo":40160,"stem":40161,"__hash__":40162},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37642,"toc":40114},[37643,37649,37654,37657,37665,37679,37681,37772,37780,37785,37790,37792,37808,37810,37889,37891,37908,37914,37918,37920,37941,37945,37948,37960,37964,37967,37970,37987,37990,38066,38068,38085,38090,38094,38102,38105,38120,38122,38211,38213,38258,38261,38265,38268,38347,38349,38371,38374,38381,38386,38389,38492,38494,38519,38522,38529,38535,38540,38543,38554,38660,38662,38683,38691,38698,38704,38723,38728,38731,38750,38752,38837,38839,38868,38871,38876,38881,38884,38895,38897,38986,38988,39008,39014,39120,39122,39142,39145,39229,39231,39251,39258,39260,39264,39270,39273,39330,39333,39336,39397,39406,39409,39412,39440,39443,39503,39505,39522,39526,39529,39607,39609,39629,39632,39707,39711,39714,39716,39725,39730,39732,39783,39791,39803,39808,39869,39871,39888,39892,39955,39957,39982,39990,39992,39998,40004,40011,40019,40025,40028,40035,40045,40051,40057,40060,40077,40083,40085,40111],[10,37644,3870,37646,3874],{"id":37645},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37647,37648],{},"filter()",[20,37650,37651,37653],{},[15,37652,37648],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37655,37656],{},"It takes:",[30,37658,37659,37662],{},[33,37660,37661],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37663,37664],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37666,37667,37668,37671,37672,37675,37676,37678],{},"The result is ",[185,37669,37670],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37673,37674],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37677,817],{}," to see the values.",[52,37680,55],{"id":54},[57,37682,37684],{"className":59,"code":37683,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37685,37686,37719,37755],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37687,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710,37712,37714,37717],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37689,1706],{"class":72},[66,37691,77],{"class":76},[66,37693,1711],{"class":80},[66,37695,1714],{"class":117},[66,37697,105],{"class":80},[66,37699,1719],{"class":117},[66,37701,105],{"class":80},[66,37703,1724],{"class":117},[66,37705,105],{"class":80},[66,37707,2755],{"class":117},[66,37709,105],{"class":80},[66,37711,1231],{"class":117},[66,37713,105],{"class":80},[66,37715,37716],{"class":117}," 6",[66,37718,240],{"class":80},[66,37720,37721,37723,37725,37728,37730,37733,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,37722,877],{"class":72},[66,37724,77],{"class":76},[66,37726,37727],{"class":154}," filter",[66,37729,158],{"class":80},[66,37731,37732],{"class":957},"lambda",[66,37734,37736],{"class":37735},"sFwrP"," x",[66,37738,94],{"class":80},[66,37740,4174],{"class":137},[66,37742,6695],{"class":76},[66,37744,1719],{"class":117},[66,37746,6700],{"class":76},[66,37748,4127],{"class":117},[66,37750,105],{"class":80},[66,37752,4557],{"class":137},[66,37754,163],{"class":80},[66,37756,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,37758,155],{"class":154},[66,37760,158],{"class":80},[66,37762,174],{"class":173},[66,37764,158],{"class":80},[66,37766,901],{"class":137},[66,37768,5658],{"class":80},[66,37770,37771],{"class":1945},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37773,37774,37776,37777,37779],{},[15,37775,37648],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37778,817],{}," to see the results.",[52,37781,250,37783,253],{"id":37782},"what-filter-does",[15,37784,37648],{},[20,37786,37787,37789],{},[15,37788,37648],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37791,2404],{},[30,37793,37794,37797,37803],{},[33,37795,37796],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37798,37799,37800,37802],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37801,1386],{},", the item is kept",[33,37804,37799,37805,37807],{},[15,37806,3967],{},", the item is removed",[20,37809,281],{},[57,37811,37813],{"className":59,"code":37812,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37814,37815,37843,37847,37875],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37816,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37818,1706],{"class":72},[66,37820,77],{"class":76},[66,37822,1711],{"class":80},[66,37824,1714],{"class":117},[66,37826,105],{"class":80},[66,37828,1719],{"class":117},[66,37830,105],{"class":80},[66,37832,1724],{"class":117},[66,37834,105],{"class":80},[66,37836,2755],{"class":117},[66,37838,105],{"class":80},[66,37840,1231],{"class":117},[66,37842,240],{"class":80},[66,37844,37845],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,37846,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,37848,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,37850,877],{"class":72},[66,37852,77],{"class":76},[66,37854,37727],{"class":154},[66,37856,158],{"class":80},[66,37858,37732],{"class":957},[66,37860,37736],{"class":37735},[66,37862,94],{"class":80},[66,37864,4174],{"class":137},[66,37866,4546],{"class":76},[66,37868,1724],{"class":117},[66,37870,105],{"class":80},[66,37872,4557],{"class":137},[66,37874,163],{"class":80},[66,37876,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885,37887],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,37878,155],{"class":154},[66,37880,158],{"class":80},[66,37882,174],{"class":173},[66,37884,158],{"class":80},[66,37886,901],{"class":137},[66,37888,181],{"class":80},[20,37890,187],{},[57,37892,37894],{"className":59,"code":37893,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37895,37896],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37897,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37899,223],{"class":80},[66,37901,2803],{"class":117},[66,37903,105],{"class":80},[66,37905,1231],{"class":117},[66,37907,240],{"class":80},[20,37909,37910,37911,37913],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37912,2360],{}," are kept.",[52,37915,37917],{"id":37916},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37919,662],{},[57,37921,37923],{"className":59,"code":37922,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37924,37925],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37926,37927,37929,37931,37934,37936,37939],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37928,37674],{"class":154},[66,37930,158],{"class":80},[66,37932,37933],{"class":137},"function",[66,37935,105],{"class":80},[66,37937,37938],{"class":137}," iterable",[66,37940,163],{"class":80},[1430,37942,37943],{"id":37933},[15,37944,37933],{},[20,37946,37947],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37949,37950,37953],{},[33,37951,37952],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37954,37955,37956,3176,37958],{},"It should return ",[15,37957,1386],{},[15,37959,3967],{},[1430,37961,37962],{"id":4013},[15,37963,4013],{},[20,37965,37966],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37968,37969],{},"It can be:",[30,37971,37972,37975,37978,37981,37984],{},[33,37973,37974],{},"a list",[33,37976,37977],{},"a tuple",[33,37979,37980],{},"a string",[33,37982,37983],{},"a set",[33,37985,37986],{},"another iterable object",[20,37988,37989],{},"Example with a tuple:",[57,37991,37993],{"className":59,"code":37992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37994,37995,38020,38024,38052],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,37996,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,37998,1706],{"class":72},[66,38000,77],{"class":76},[66,38002,9527],{"class":80},[66,38004,2628],{"class":117},[66,38006,105],{"class":80},[66,38008,38009],{"class":117}," 15",[66,38011,105],{"class":80},[66,38013,118],{"class":117},[66,38015,105],{"class":80},[66,38017,323],{"class":117},[66,38019,163],{"class":80},[66,38021,38022],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38023,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,38025,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,38027,877],{"class":72},[66,38029,77],{"class":76},[66,38031,37727],{"class":154},[66,38033,158],{"class":80},[66,38035,37732],{"class":957},[66,38037,37736],{"class":37735},[66,38039,94],{"class":80},[66,38041,4174],{"class":137},[66,38043,5394],{"class":76},[66,38045,118],{"class":117},[66,38047,105],{"class":80},[66,38049,4557],{"class":137},[66,38051,163],{"class":80},[66,38053,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,38055,155],{"class":154},[66,38057,158],{"class":80},[66,38059,174],{"class":173},[66,38061,158],{"class":80},[66,38063,901],{"class":137},[66,38065,181],{"class":80},[20,38067,187],{},[57,38069,38071],{"className":59,"code":38070,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38072,38073],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38074,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38076,223],{"class":80},[66,38078,16028],{"class":117},[66,38080,105],{"class":80},[66,38082,323],{"class":117},[66,38084,240],{"class":80},[20,38086,38087,38088,50],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[652,38089,5432],{"href":5881},[52,38091,38093],{"id":38092},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38095,38096,38097,638,38099,50],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38098,37648],{},[185,38100,38101],{},"filter object",[20,38103,38104],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,38106,38107,38110,38115],{},[33,38108,38109],{},"loop through it",[33,38111,38112,38113],{},"convert it with ",[15,38114,817],{},[33,38116,38112,38117],{},[15,38118,38119],{},"tuple()",[20,38121,281],{},[57,38123,38125],{"className":59,"code":38124,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38126,38127,38169,38173,38183,38197],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38128,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38130,877],{"class":72},[66,38132,77],{"class":76},[66,38134,37727],{"class":154},[66,38136,158],{"class":80},[66,38138,37732],{"class":957},[66,38140,37736],{"class":37735},[66,38142,94],{"class":80},[66,38144,4174],{"class":137},[66,38146,4546],{"class":76},[66,38148,1719],{"class":117},[66,38150,105],{"class":80},[66,38152,1711],{"class":80},[66,38154,1714],{"class":117},[66,38156,105],{"class":80},[66,38158,1719],{"class":117},[66,38160,105],{"class":80},[66,38162,1724],{"class":117},[66,38164,105],{"class":80},[66,38166,2755],{"class":117},[66,38168,218],{"class":80},[66,38170,38171],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38172,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,38174,38175,38177,38179,38181],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,38176,155],{"class":154},[66,38178,158],{"class":80},[66,38180,901],{"class":137},[66,38182,163],{"class":80},[66,38184,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,38186,155],{"class":154},[66,38188,158],{"class":80},[66,38190,912],{"class":173},[66,38192,158],{"class":80},[66,38194,901],{"class":137},[66,38196,181],{"class":80},[66,38198,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,38200,155],{"class":154},[66,38202,158],{"class":80},[66,38204,174],{"class":173},[66,38206,158],{"class":80},[66,38208,901],{"class":137},[66,38210,181],{"class":80},[20,38212,187],{},[57,38214,38216],{"className":59,"code":38215,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38217,38218,38232,38246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38219,38220,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38221,954],{"class":76},[66,38223,37674],{"class":154},[66,38225,641],{"class":173},[66,38227,37436],{"class":72},[66,38229,37443],{"class":34521},[66,38231,967],{"class":76},[66,38233,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38235,954],{"class":76},[66,38237,958],{"class":957},[66,38239,211],{"class":84},[66,38241,37674],{"class":88},[66,38243,202],{"class":84},[66,38245,967],{"class":76},[66,38247,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,38249,223],{"class":80},[66,38251,2360],{"class":117},[66,38253,105],{"class":80},[66,38255,2755],{"class":117},[66,38257,240],{"class":80},[20,38259,38260],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1430,38262,38264],{"id":38263},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38266,38267],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[57,38269,38271],{"className":59,"code":38270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38272,38273,38315,38319,38333],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38274,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38276,877],{"class":72},[66,38278,77],{"class":76},[66,38280,37727],{"class":154},[66,38282,158],{"class":80},[66,38284,37732],{"class":957},[66,38286,37736],{"class":37735},[66,38288,94],{"class":80},[66,38290,4174],{"class":137},[66,38292,4546],{"class":76},[66,38294,1719],{"class":117},[66,38296,105],{"class":80},[66,38298,1711],{"class":80},[66,38300,1714],{"class":117},[66,38302,105],{"class":80},[66,38304,1719],{"class":117},[66,38306,105],{"class":80},[66,38308,1724],{"class":117},[66,38310,105],{"class":80},[66,38312,2755],{"class":117},[66,38314,218],{"class":80},[66,38316,38317],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38318,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,38320,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,38322,155],{"class":154},[66,38324,158],{"class":80},[66,38326,174],{"class":173},[66,38328,158],{"class":80},[66,38330,901],{"class":137},[66,38332,181],{"class":80},[66,38334,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343,38345],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,38336,155],{"class":154},[66,38338,158],{"class":80},[66,38340,174],{"class":173},[66,38342,158],{"class":80},[66,38344,901],{"class":137},[66,38346,181],{"class":80},[20,38348,187],{},[57,38350,38352],{"className":59,"code":38351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38353,38354,38366],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38355,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38357,223],{"class":80},[66,38359,2360],{"class":117},[66,38361,105],{"class":80},[66,38363,2755],{"class":117},[66,38365,240],{"class":80},[66,38367,38368],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38369,38370],{"class":80},"[]\n",[20,38372,38373],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[52,38375,1848,38377,8997,38379],{"id":38376},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38378,37648],{},[15,38380,37732],{},[20,38382,15463,38383,38385],{},[15,38384,37732],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38387,38388],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[57,38390,38392],{"className":59,"code":38391,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38393,38394,38436,38440,38478],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38395,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425,38427,38429,38432,38434],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38397,4363],{"class":72},[66,38399,77],{"class":76},[66,38401,1711],{"class":80},[66,38403,85],{"class":84},[66,38405,4372],{"class":88},[66,38407,85],{"class":84},[66,38409,105],{"class":80},[66,38411,97],{"class":84},[66,38413,38414],{"class":88},"kiwi",[66,38416,85],{"class":84},[66,38418,105],{"class":80},[66,38420,97],{"class":84},[66,38422,4381],{"class":88},[66,38424,85],{"class":84},[66,38426,105],{"class":80},[66,38428,97],{"class":84},[66,38430,38431],{"class":88},"fig",[66,38433,85],{"class":84},[66,38435,240],{"class":80},[66,38437,38438],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38439,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,38441,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38455,38457,38460,38462,38465,38467,38470,38472,38474,38476],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,38443,877],{"class":72},[66,38445,77],{"class":76},[66,38447,37727],{"class":154},[66,38449,158],{"class":80},[66,38451,37732],{"class":957},[66,38453,38454],{"class":37735}," word",[66,38456,94],{"class":80},[66,38458,38459],{"class":154}," len",[66,38461,158],{"class":80},[66,38463,38464],{"class":137},"word",[66,38466,3954],{"class":80},[66,38468,38469],{"class":76}," >",[66,38471,2755],{"class":117},[66,38473,105],{"class":80},[66,38475,6461],{"class":137},[66,38477,163],{"class":80},[66,38479,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,38481,155],{"class":154},[66,38483,158],{"class":80},[66,38485,174],{"class":173},[66,38487,158],{"class":80},[66,38489,901],{"class":137},[66,38491,181],{"class":80},[20,38493,187],{},[57,38495,38497],{"className":59,"code":38496,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38498,38499],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38500,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38502,223],{"class":80},[66,38504,202],{"class":84},[66,38506,4372],{"class":88},[66,38508,202],{"class":84},[66,38510,105],{"class":80},[66,38512,211],{"class":84},[66,38514,4381],{"class":88},[66,38516,202],{"class":84},[66,38518,240],{"class":80},[20,38520,38521],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38523,38524,38525,50],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[652,38526,38528],{"href":38527},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[52,38530,1848,38532,38534],{"id":38531},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38533,37648],{}," with a named function",[20,38536,38537,38538,50],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38539,37732],{},[20,38541,38542],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38544,38545,38548,38551],{},[33,38546,38547],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38549,38550],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38552,38553],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[57,38555,38557],{"className":59,"code":38556,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38558,38559,38572,38587,38591,38623,38642,38646],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38560,38561,38563,38566,38568,38570],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38562,34920],{"class":957},[66,38564,38565],{"class":34923}," is_even",[66,38567,158],{"class":80},[66,38569,2537],{"class":37735},[66,38571,8635],{"class":80},[66,38573,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38575,34931],{"class":1060},[66,38577,6679],{"class":72},[66,38579,6695],{"class":76},[66,38581,1719],{"class":117},[66,38583,6700],{"class":76},[66,38585,38586],{"class":117}," 0\n",[66,38588,38589],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,38590,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,38592,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,38594,1706],{"class":72},[66,38596,77],{"class":76},[66,38598,1711],{"class":80},[66,38600,1714],{"class":117},[66,38602,105],{"class":80},[66,38604,1719],{"class":117},[66,38606,105],{"class":80},[66,38608,1724],{"class":117},[66,38610,105],{"class":80},[66,38612,2755],{"class":117},[66,38614,105],{"class":80},[66,38616,1231],{"class":117},[66,38618,105],{"class":80},[66,38620,37716],{"class":117},[66,38622,240],{"class":80},[66,38624,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38636,38638,38640],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,38626,877],{"class":72},[66,38628,77],{"class":76},[66,38630,37727],{"class":154},[66,38632,158],{"class":80},[66,38634,38635],{"class":137},"is_even",[66,38637,105],{"class":80},[66,38639,4557],{"class":137},[66,38641,163],{"class":80},[66,38643,38644],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,38645,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,38647,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,38649,155],{"class":154},[66,38651,158],{"class":80},[66,38653,174],{"class":173},[66,38655,158],{"class":80},[66,38657,901],{"class":137},[66,38659,181],{"class":80},[20,38661,187],{},[57,38663,38665],{"className":59,"code":38664,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38666,38667],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38668,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38670,223],{"class":80},[66,38672,2354],{"class":117},[66,38674,105],{"class":80},[66,38676,2755],{"class":117},[66,38678,105],{"class":80},[66,38680,37716],{"class":117},[66,38682,240],{"class":80},[20,38684,21030,38685,2695,38688,38690],{},[15,38686,38687],{},"is_even()",[15,38689,1386],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[52,38692,1848,38694,8997,38696],{"id":38693},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38695,4071],{},[15,38697,37648],{},[20,38699,38700,38701,38703],{},"You can pass ",[15,38702,4071],{}," as the first argument:",[57,38705,38707],{"className":59,"code":38706,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38708,38709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38710,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38712,37674],{"class":154},[66,38714,158],{"class":80},[66,38716,4071],{"class":4146},[66,38718,105],{"class":80},[66,38720,37938],{"class":137},[66,38722,163],{"class":80},[20,38724,38725,38726,7633],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[185,38727,5891],{},[20,38729,38730],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38732,38733,38737,38742,38746],{},[33,38734,38735],{},[15,38736,2021],{},[33,38738,38739,38741],{},[15,38740,4066],{}," (empty string)",[33,38743,38744],{},[15,38745,4071],{},[33,38747,38748],{},[15,38749,3967],{},[20,38751,281],{},[57,38753,38755],{"className":59,"code":38754,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38756,38757,38801,38805,38823],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38758,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38760,8073],{"class":72},[66,38762,77],{"class":76},[66,38764,1711],{"class":80},[66,38766,2021],{"class":117},[66,38768,105],{"class":80},[66,38770,1896],{"class":117},[66,38772,105],{"class":80},[66,38774,6419],{"class":84},[66,38776,105],{"class":80},[66,38778,97],{"class":84},[66,38780,4139],{"class":88},[66,38782,85],{"class":84},[66,38784,105],{"class":80},[66,38786,4147],{"class":4146},[66,38788,105],{"class":80},[66,38790,4208],{"class":4146},[66,38792,105],{"class":80},[66,38794,4199],{"class":4146},[66,38796,105],{"class":80},[66,38798,1231],{"class":117},[66,38800,240],{"class":80},[66,38802,38803],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38804,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,38806,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,38808,877],{"class":72},[66,38810,77],{"class":76},[66,38812,37727],{"class":154},[66,38814,158],{"class":80},[66,38816,4071],{"class":4146},[66,38818,105],{"class":80},[66,38820,6258],{"class":137},[66,38822,163],{"class":80},[66,38824,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,38826,155],{"class":154},[66,38828,158],{"class":80},[66,38830,174],{"class":173},[66,38832,158],{"class":80},[66,38834,901],{"class":137},[66,38836,181],{"class":80},[20,38838,187],{},[57,38840,38842],{"className":59,"code":38841,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38843,38844],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38845,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38847,223],{"class":80},[66,38849,1714],{"class":117},[66,38851,105],{"class":80},[66,38853,211],{"class":84},[66,38855,4139],{"class":88},[66,38857,202],{"class":84},[66,38859,105],{"class":80},[66,38861,4208],{"class":4146},[66,38863,105],{"class":80},[66,38865,1231],{"class":117},[66,38867,240],{"class":80},[20,38869,38870],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[52,38872,1154,38874],{"id":38873},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38875,37648],{},[20,38877,243,38878,38880],{},[15,38879,37648],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38882,38883],{},"It works well for:",[30,38885,38886,38889,38892],{},[33,38887,38888],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38890,38891],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38893,38894],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38896,281],{},[57,38898,38900],{"className":59,"code":38899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38901,38902,38934,38967,38971],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38903,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38905,1706],{"class":72},[66,38907,77],{"class":76},[66,38909,1711],{"class":80},[66,38911,1714],{"class":117},[66,38913,105],{"class":80},[66,38915,1719],{"class":117},[66,38917,105],{"class":80},[66,38919,1724],{"class":117},[66,38921,105],{"class":80},[66,38923,2755],{"class":117},[66,38925,105],{"class":80},[66,38927,1231],{"class":117},[66,38929,105],{"class":80},[66,38931,37716],{"class":117},[66,38933,240],{"class":80},[66,38935,38936,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,38937,38938],{"class":72},"evens ",[66,38940,77],{"class":76},[66,38942,37727],{"class":154},[66,38944,158],{"class":80},[66,38946,37732],{"class":957},[66,38948,37736],{"class":37735},[66,38950,94],{"class":80},[66,38952,4174],{"class":137},[66,38954,6695],{"class":76},[66,38956,1719],{"class":117},[66,38958,6700],{"class":76},[66,38960,4127],{"class":117},[66,38962,105],{"class":80},[66,38964,4557],{"class":137},[66,38966,163],{"class":80},[66,38968,38969],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,38970,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,38972,38973,38975,38977,38979,38981,38984],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,38974,155],{"class":154},[66,38976,158],{"class":80},[66,38978,174],{"class":173},[66,38980,158],{"class":80},[66,38982,38983],{"class":137},"evens",[66,38985,181],{"class":80},[20,38987,187],{},[57,38989,38990],{"className":59,"code":38664,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,38991,38992],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,38993,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,38995,223],{"class":80},[66,38997,2354],{"class":117},[66,38999,105],{"class":80},[66,39001,2755],{"class":117},[66,39003,105],{"class":80},[66,39005,37716],{"class":117},[66,39007,240],{"class":80},[20,39009,39010,39011,39013],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39012,1061],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[57,39015,39017],{"className":59,"code":39016,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39018,39019,39051,39059,39063,39075,39091,39106,39110],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39020,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39022,1706],{"class":72},[66,39024,77],{"class":76},[66,39026,1711],{"class":80},[66,39028,1714],{"class":117},[66,39030,105],{"class":80},[66,39032,1719],{"class":117},[66,39034,105],{"class":80},[66,39036,1724],{"class":117},[66,39038,105],{"class":80},[66,39040,2755],{"class":117},[66,39042,105],{"class":80},[66,39044,1231],{"class":117},[66,39046,105],{"class":80},[66,39048,37716],{"class":117},[66,39050,240],{"class":80},[66,39052,39053,39055,39057],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39054,38938],{"class":72},[66,39056,77],{"class":76},[66,39058,8132],{"class":80},[66,39060,39061],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,39062,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,39064,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,39066,1061],{"class":1060},[66,39068,6679],{"class":72},[66,39070,1067],{"class":1060},[66,39072,4557],{"class":72},[66,39074,1133],{"class":80},[66,39076,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,39078,6690],{"class":1060},[66,39080,6679],{"class":72},[66,39082,6695],{"class":76},[66,39084,1719],{"class":117},[66,39086,6700],{"class":76},[66,39088,4127],{"class":117},[66,39090,1133],{"class":80},[66,39092,39093,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,39094,39095],{"class":72},"        evens",[66,39097,50],{"class":80},[66,39099,13830],{"class":137},[66,39101,158],{"class":80},[66,39103,2537],{"class":137},[66,39105,163],{"class":80},[66,39107,39108],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,39109,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,39111,39112,39114,39116,39118],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,39113,155],{"class":154},[66,39115,158],{"class":80},[66,39117,38983],{"class":137},[66,39119,163],{"class":80},[20,39121,187],{},[57,39123,39124],{"className":59,"code":38664,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,39125,39126],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39127,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39129,223],{"class":80},[66,39131,2354],{"class":117},[66,39133,105],{"class":80},[66,39135,2755],{"class":117},[66,39137,105],{"class":80},[66,39139,37716],{"class":117},[66,39141,240],{"class":80},[20,39143,39144],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[57,39146,39148],{"className":59,"code":39147,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39149,39150,39182,39215,39219],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39151,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39153,1706],{"class":72},[66,39155,77],{"class":76},[66,39157,1711],{"class":80},[66,39159,1714],{"class":117},[66,39161,105],{"class":80},[66,39163,1719],{"class":117},[66,39165,105],{"class":80},[66,39167,1724],{"class":117},[66,39169,105],{"class":80},[66,39171,2755],{"class":117},[66,39173,105],{"class":80},[66,39175,1231],{"class":117},[66,39177,105],{"class":80},[66,39179,37716],{"class":117},[66,39181,240],{"class":80},[66,39183,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39185,38938],{"class":72},[66,39187,77],{"class":76},[66,39189,1711],{"class":80},[66,39191,2515],{"class":72},[66,39193,1061],{"class":1060},[66,39195,6679],{"class":72},[66,39197,1067],{"class":1060},[66,39199,39200],{"class":72}," numbers ",[66,39202,7291],{"class":1060},[66,39204,6679],{"class":72},[66,39206,6695],{"class":76},[66,39208,1719],{"class":117},[66,39210,6700],{"class":76},[66,39212,4127],{"class":117},[66,39214,240],{"class":80},[66,39216,39217],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,39218,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,39220,39221,39223,39225,39227],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,39222,155],{"class":154},[66,39224,158],{"class":80},[66,39226,38983],{"class":137},[66,39228,163],{"class":80},[20,39230,187],{},[57,39232,39233],{"className":59,"code":38664,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,39234,39235],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39236,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39238,223],{"class":80},[66,39240,2354],{"class":117},[66,39242,105],{"class":80},[66,39244,2755],{"class":117},[66,39246,105],{"class":80},[66,39248,37716],{"class":117},[66,39250,240],{"class":80},[20,39252,39253,39254,50],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[652,39255,39257],{"href":39256},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[52,39259,1838],{"id":1837},[20,39261,15009,39262,50],{},[15,39263,37648],{},[1430,39265,1433,39267,39269],{"id":39266},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39268,37648],{}," to return a list",[20,39271,39272],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[57,39274,39276],{"className":59,"code":39275,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39277,39278,39320],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39279,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39281,877],{"class":72},[66,39283,77],{"class":76},[66,39285,37727],{"class":154},[66,39287,158],{"class":80},[66,39289,37732],{"class":957},[66,39291,37736],{"class":37735},[66,39293,94],{"class":80},[66,39295,4174],{"class":137},[66,39297,4546],{"class":76},[66,39299,1719],{"class":117},[66,39301,105],{"class":80},[66,39303,1711],{"class":80},[66,39305,1714],{"class":117},[66,39307,105],{"class":80},[66,39309,1719],{"class":117},[66,39311,105],{"class":80},[66,39313,1724],{"class":117},[66,39315,105],{"class":80},[66,39317,2755],{"class":117},[66,39319,218],{"class":80},[66,39321,39322,39324,39326,39328],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39323,155],{"class":154},[66,39325,158],{"class":80},[66,39327,901],{"class":137},[66,39329,163],{"class":80},[20,39331,39332],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39334,39335],{},"Fix:",[57,39337,39339],{"className":59,"code":39338,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39340,39341,39383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39342,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39344,877],{"class":72},[66,39346,77],{"class":76},[66,39348,37727],{"class":154},[66,39350,158],{"class":80},[66,39352,37732],{"class":957},[66,39354,37736],{"class":37735},[66,39356,94],{"class":80},[66,39358,4174],{"class":137},[66,39360,4546],{"class":76},[66,39362,1719],{"class":117},[66,39364,105],{"class":80},[66,39366,1711],{"class":80},[66,39368,1714],{"class":117},[66,39370,105],{"class":80},[66,39372,1719],{"class":117},[66,39374,105],{"class":80},[66,39376,1724],{"class":117},[66,39378,105],{"class":80},[66,39380,2755],{"class":117},[66,39382,218],{"class":80},[66,39384,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39386,155],{"class":154},[66,39388,158],{"class":80},[66,39390,174],{"class":173},[66,39392,158],{"class":80},[66,39394,901],{"class":137},[66,39396,181],{"class":80},[1430,39398,39400,39401,3176,39403,39405],{"id":39399},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39402,1386],{},[15,39404,3967],{}," clearly",[20,39407,39408],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39410,39411],{},"Good example:",[57,39413,39415],{"className":59,"code":39414,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39416,39417,39430],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39418,39419,39421,39424,39426,39428],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39420,34920],{"class":957},[66,39422,39423],{"class":34923}," is_positive",[66,39425,158],{"class":80},[66,39427,2537],{"class":37735},[66,39429,8635],{"class":80},[66,39431,39432,39434,39436,39438],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39433,34931],{"class":1060},[66,39435,6679],{"class":72},[66,39437,4546],{"class":76},[66,39439,38586],{"class":117},[20,39441,39442],{},"Then use it with:",[57,39444,39446],{"className":59,"code":39445,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39447,39448,39480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39449,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39451,1706],{"class":72},[66,39453,77],{"class":76},[66,39455,1711],{"class":80},[66,39457,2319],{"class":76},[66,39459,2354],{"class":117},[66,39461,105],{"class":80},[66,39463,2520],{"class":76},[66,39465,1714],{"class":117},[66,39467,105],{"class":80},[66,39469,4127],{"class":117},[66,39471,105],{"class":80},[66,39473,1896],{"class":117},[66,39475,105],{"class":80},[66,39477,1719],{"class":117},[66,39479,240],{"class":80},[66,39481,39482,39484,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39497,39499,39501],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39483,155],{"class":154},[66,39485,158],{"class":80},[66,39487,174],{"class":173},[66,39489,158],{"class":80},[66,39491,37674],{"class":154},[66,39493,158],{"class":80},[66,39495,39496],{"class":137},"is_positive",[66,39498,105],{"class":80},[66,39500,4557],{"class":137},[66,39502,3210],{"class":80},[20,39504,187],{},[57,39506,39508],{"className":59,"code":39507,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39509,39510],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39511,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39513,223],{"class":80},[66,39515,1714],{"class":117},[66,39517,105],{"class":80},[66,39519,1719],{"class":117},[66,39521,240],{"class":80},[1430,39523,39525],{"id":39524},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39527,39528],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[57,39530,39531],{"className":59,"code":38270,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,39532,39533,39575,39579,39593],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39534,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39536,877],{"class":72},[66,39538,77],{"class":76},[66,39540,37727],{"class":154},[66,39542,158],{"class":80},[66,39544,37732],{"class":957},[66,39546,37736],{"class":37735},[66,39548,94],{"class":80},[66,39550,4174],{"class":137},[66,39552,4546],{"class":76},[66,39554,1719],{"class":117},[66,39556,105],{"class":80},[66,39558,1711],{"class":80},[66,39560,1714],{"class":117},[66,39562,105],{"class":80},[66,39564,1719],{"class":117},[66,39566,105],{"class":80},[66,39568,1724],{"class":117},[66,39570,105],{"class":80},[66,39572,2755],{"class":117},[66,39574,218],{"class":80},[66,39576,39577],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39578,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,39580,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,39582,155],{"class":154},[66,39584,158],{"class":80},[66,39586,174],{"class":173},[66,39588,158],{"class":80},[66,39590,901],{"class":137},[66,39592,181],{"class":80},[66,39594,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,39596,155],{"class":154},[66,39598,158],{"class":80},[66,39600,174],{"class":173},[66,39602,158],{"class":80},[66,39604,901],{"class":137},[66,39606,181],{"class":80},[20,39608,187],{},[57,39610,39611],{"className":59,"code":38351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,39612,39613,39625],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39614,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39616,223],{"class":80},[66,39618,2360],{"class":117},[66,39620,105],{"class":80},[66,39622,2755],{"class":117},[66,39624,240],{"class":80},[66,39626,39627],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39628,38370],{"class":80},[20,39630,39631],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[57,39633,39635],{"className":59,"code":39634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39636,39637,39683,39687,39697],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39638,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39640,877],{"class":72},[66,39642,77],{"class":76},[66,39644,1656],{"class":173},[66,39646,158],{"class":80},[66,39648,37674],{"class":154},[66,39650,158],{"class":80},[66,39652,37732],{"class":957},[66,39654,37736],{"class":37735},[66,39656,94],{"class":80},[66,39658,4174],{"class":137},[66,39660,4546],{"class":76},[66,39662,1719],{"class":117},[66,39664,105],{"class":80},[66,39666,1711],{"class":80},[66,39668,1714],{"class":117},[66,39670,105],{"class":80},[66,39672,1719],{"class":117},[66,39674,105],{"class":80},[66,39676,1724],{"class":117},[66,39678,105],{"class":80},[66,39680,2755],{"class":117},[66,39682,3296],{"class":80},[66,39684,39685],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39686,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,39688,39689,39691,39693,39695],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,39690,155],{"class":154},[66,39692,158],{"class":80},[66,39694,901],{"class":137},[66,39696,163],{"class":80},[66,39698,39699,39701,39703,39705],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,39700,155],{"class":154},[66,39702,158],{"class":80},[66,39704,901],{"class":137},[66,39706,163],{"class":80},[1430,39708,39710],{"id":39709},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39712,39713],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39715,16918],{},[57,39717,39719],{"className":59,"code":39718,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39720,39721],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39722,39723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39724,39718],{"class":1945},[20,39726,39727,39728,6844],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39729,2628],{},[20,39731,695],{},[57,39733,39735],{"className":59,"code":39734,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39736,39737],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39738,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39740,155],{"class":154},[66,39742,158],{"class":80},[66,39744,174],{"class":173},[66,39746,158],{"class":80},[66,39748,37674],{"class":154},[66,39750,158],{"class":80},[66,39752,37732],{"class":957},[66,39754,37736],{"class":37735},[66,39756,94],{"class":80},[66,39758,4174],{"class":137},[66,39760,4546],{"class":76},[66,39762,1719],{"class":117},[66,39764,105],{"class":80},[66,39766,1711],{"class":80},[66,39768,1714],{"class":117},[66,39770,105],{"class":80},[66,39772,1719],{"class":117},[66,39774,105],{"class":80},[66,39776,1724],{"class":117},[66,39778,105],{"class":80},[66,39780,2755],{"class":117},[66,39782,37337],{"class":80},[1430,39784,37276,39786,8997,39788],{"id":39785},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39787,37648],{},[15,39789,39790],{},"map()",[30,39792,39793,39798],{},[33,39794,39795,39797],{},[15,39796,37648],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39799,39800,39802],{},[15,39801,39790],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39804,39805,39806,94],{},"Example of ",[15,39807,37648],{},[57,39809,39811],{"className":59,"code":39810,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39812,39813,39837],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39814,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39816,1706],{"class":72},[66,39818,77],{"class":76},[66,39820,1711],{"class":80},[66,39822,1714],{"class":117},[66,39824,105],{"class":80},[66,39826,1719],{"class":117},[66,39828,105],{"class":80},[66,39830,1724],{"class":117},[66,39832,105],{"class":80},[66,39834,2755],{"class":117},[66,39836,240],{"class":80},[66,39838,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39840,155],{"class":154},[66,39842,158],{"class":80},[66,39844,174],{"class":173},[66,39846,158],{"class":80},[66,39848,37674],{"class":154},[66,39850,158],{"class":80},[66,39852,37732],{"class":957},[66,39854,37736],{"class":37735},[66,39856,94],{"class":80},[66,39858,4174],{"class":137},[66,39860,4546],{"class":76},[66,39862,1719],{"class":117},[66,39864,105],{"class":80},[66,39866,4557],{"class":137},[66,39868,3210],{"class":80},[20,39870,187],{},[57,39872,39874],{"className":59,"code":39873,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39875,39876],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39877,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39879,223],{"class":80},[66,39881,2360],{"class":117},[66,39883,105],{"class":80},[66,39885,2755],{"class":117},[66,39887,240],{"class":80},[20,39889,39805,39890,94],{},[15,39891,39790],{},[57,39893,39895],{"className":59,"code":39894,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39896,39897,39921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39898,39899,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39900,1706],{"class":72},[66,39902,77],{"class":76},[66,39904,1711],{"class":80},[66,39906,1714],{"class":117},[66,39908,105],{"class":80},[66,39910,1719],{"class":117},[66,39912,105],{"class":80},[66,39914,1724],{"class":117},[66,39916,105],{"class":80},[66,39918,2755],{"class":117},[66,39920,240],{"class":80},[66,39922,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39947,39949,39951,39953],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,39924,155],{"class":154},[66,39926,158],{"class":80},[66,39928,174],{"class":173},[66,39930,158],{"class":80},[66,39932,39933],{"class":154},"map",[66,39935,158],{"class":80},[66,39937,37732],{"class":957},[66,39939,37736],{"class":37735},[66,39941,94],{"class":80},[66,39943,4174],{"class":137},[66,39945,39946],{"class":76},"*",[66,39948,1719],{"class":117},[66,39950,105],{"class":80},[66,39952,4557],{"class":137},[66,39954,3210],{"class":80},[20,39956,187],{},[57,39958,39960],{"className":59,"code":39959,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39961,39962],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,39963,39964,39966,39968,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978,39980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,39965,223],{"class":80},[66,39967,2354],{"class":117},[66,39969,105],{"class":80},[66,39971,2755],{"class":117},[66,39973,105],{"class":80},[66,39975,37716],{"class":117},[66,39977,105],{"class":80},[66,39979,6652],{"class":117},[66,39981,240],{"class":80},[20,39983,39984,39985,50],{},"For the related function, see ",[652,39986,3870,39988,3803],{"href":39987},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39989,39790],{},[52,39991,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,39993,12986,39995,39997],{"id":39994},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39996,37648],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39999,40000,40001,40003],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40002,817],{}," if needed.",[1430,40005,40007,40008,40010],{"id":40006},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40009,37648],{}," need to return?",[20,40012,37955,40013,40015,40016,40018],{},[15,40014,1386],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40017,3967],{}," to remove it.",[1430,40020,28393,40022,40024],{"id":40021},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40023,37648],{}," without lambda?",[20,40026,40027],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1430,40029,5438,40031,40034],{"id":40030},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40032,40033],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40036,40037,40038,40040,40041,17341,40043,50],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40039,2021],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40042,4071],{},[15,40044,3967],{},[1430,40046,21678,40048,40050],{"id":40047},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40049,37648],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40052,40053,40054,40056],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40055,1061],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40058,40059],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,40061,40062,40068,40074],{},[33,40063,40064,40065,40067],{},"use ",[15,40066,37648],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,40069,40070,40071,40073],{},"use a ",[15,40072,1061],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,40075,40076],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40078,40079,40080,50],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[652,40081,5428],{"href":40082},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[52,40084,2183],{"id":2182},[30,40086,40087,40092,40096,40101,40107],{},[33,40088,40089],{},[652,40090,40091],{"href":38527},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,40093,40094],{},[652,40095,5517],{"href":40082},[33,40097,40098],{},[652,40099,40100],{"href":39256},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,40102,40103],{},[652,40104,3870,40105,3803],{"href":39987},[15,40106,39790],{},[33,40108,40109],{},[652,40110,5512],{"href":5881},[2222,40112,40113],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":40115},[40116,40117,40119,40123,40126,40128,40130,40132,40134,40144,40156],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":37782,"depth":124,"text":40118},"What filter() does",{"id":37916,"depth":124,"text":37917,"children":40120},[40121,40122],{"id":37933,"depth":144,"text":37933},{"id":4013,"depth":144,"text":4013},{"id":38092,"depth":124,"text":38093,"children":40124},[40125],{"id":38263,"depth":144,"text":38264},{"id":38376,"depth":124,"text":40127},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38531,"depth":124,"text":40129},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38693,"depth":124,"text":40131},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38873,"depth":124,"text":40133},"When to use filter()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":40135},[40136,40138,40140,40141,40142],{"id":39266,"depth":144,"text":40137},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39399,"depth":144,"text":40139},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39524,"depth":144,"text":39525},{"id":39709,"depth":144,"text":39710},{"id":39785,"depth":144,"text":40143},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":40145},[40146,40148,40150,40152,40154],{"id":39994,"depth":144,"text":40147},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40006,"depth":144,"text":40149},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40021,"depth":144,"text":40151},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40030,"depth":144,"text":40153},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40047,"depth":144,"text":40155},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37640,"description":40157},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40164,"title":40165,"body":40166,"description":42319,"extension":2260,"meta":42320,"navigation":147,"path":42321,"seo":42322,"stem":42323,"__hash__":42324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40167,"toc":42273},[40168,40171,40176,40182,40184,40236,40238,40257,40262,40266,40271,40274,40289,40292,40314,40316,40365,40367,40391,40393,40395,40410,40415,40423,40438,40440,40449,40452,40487,40491,40496,40500,40507,40542,40544,40560,40564,40567,40608,40610,40624,40628,40631,40655,40657,40666,40670,40673,40706,40708,40721,40725,40731,40750,40752,40760,40764,40769,40773,40779,40802,40804,40833,40836,40855,40859,40862,40889,40891,40925,40929,40932,40956,40960,40971,40973,40978,40984,40986,41070,41072,41114,41117,41121,41128,41137,41193,41200,41209,41214,41218,41289,41291,41300,41304,41307,41351,41353,41362,41366,41372,41422,41426,41431,41435,41459,41461,41470,41474,41498,41500,41511,41515,41539,41541,41550,41553,41570,41576,41580,41586,41589,41594,41597,41618,41620,41652,41655,41660,41662,41673,41675,41719,41723,41730,41782,41784,41793,41797,41800,41893,41896,41920,41924,41927,42019,42024,42028,42035,42040,42064,42066,42075,42080,42103,42105,42113,42120,42143,42151,42153,42166,42176,42178,42182,42189,42193,42202,42206,42213,42217,42221,42225,42238,42240,42270],[10,40169,40165],{"id":40170},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40172,9416,40173,40175],{},[15,40174,3182],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40177,40178,40179,40181],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40180,3182],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[52,40183,55],{"id":54},[57,40185,40187],{"className":59,"code":40186,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40188,40189,40203,40222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40190,40191,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40192,155],{"class":154},[66,40194,158],{"class":80},[66,40196,2490],{"class":173},[66,40198,158],{"class":80},[66,40200,2433],{"class":117},[66,40202,181],{"class":80},[66,40204,40205,40207,40209,40211,40213,40215,40218,40220],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40206,155],{"class":154},[66,40208,158],{"class":80},[66,40210,2490],{"class":173},[66,40212,158],{"class":80},[66,40214,85],{"class":84},[66,40216,40217],{"class":88},"3.14",[66,40219,85],{"class":84},[66,40221,181],{"class":80},[66,40223,40224,40226,40228,40230,40232,40234],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,40225,155],{"class":154},[66,40227,158],{"class":80},[66,40229,2490],{"class":173},[66,40231,158],{"class":80},[66,40233,1386],{"class":4146},[66,40235,181],{"class":80},[20,40237,187],{},[57,40239,40241],{"className":59,"code":40240,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40242,40243,40247,40252],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40244,40245],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40246,2778],{"class":117},[66,40248,40249],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40250,40251],{"class":117},"3.14\n",[66,40253,40254],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,40255,40256],{"class":117},"1.0\n",[20,40258,243,40259,40261],{},[15,40260,3182],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[52,40263,40265],{"id":40264},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40267,40268,40270],{},[15,40269,3182],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40272,40273],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,40275,40276,40280,40284],{},[33,40277,40278],{},[15,40279,2790],{},[33,40281,40282],{},[15,40283,40217],{},[33,40285,40286],{},[15,40287,40288],{},"0.5",[20,40290,40291],{},"A few key points:",[30,40293,40294,40301,40304,40307],{},[33,40295,40296,40298,40299],{},[15,40297,3182],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40300,2490],{},[33,40302,40303],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,40305,40306],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,40308,40309,40310],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[652,40311,40312],{"href":8512},[15,40313,3256],{},[20,40315,281],{},[57,40317,40319],{"className":59,"code":40318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40320,40321,40341,40351],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40322,40323,40325,40327,40330,40332,40334,40337,40339],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40324,2515],{"class":72},[66,40326,77],{"class":76},[66,40328,40329],{"class":173}," float",[66,40331,158],{"class":80},[66,40333,85],{"class":84},[66,40335,40336],{"class":88},"2.75",[66,40338,85],{"class":84},[66,40340,163],{"class":80},[66,40342,40343,40345,40347,40349],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40344,155],{"class":154},[66,40346,158],{"class":80},[66,40348,2537],{"class":137},[66,40350,163],{"class":80},[66,40352,40353,40355,40357,40359,40361,40363],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,40354,155],{"class":154},[66,40356,158],{"class":80},[66,40358,912],{"class":173},[66,40360,158],{"class":80},[66,40362,2537],{"class":137},[66,40364,181],{"class":80},[20,40366,187],{},[57,40368,40370],{"className":59,"code":40369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40371,40372,40377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40373,40374],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40375,40376],{"class":117},"2.75\n",[66,40378,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40380,954],{"class":76},[66,40382,958],{"class":957},[66,40384,211],{"class":84},[66,40386,2490],{"class":88},[66,40388,202],{"class":84},[66,40390,967],{"class":76},[52,40392,2455],{"id":2454},[20,40394,7511],{},[57,40396,40398],{"className":59,"code":40397,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"float(value)\n",[15,40399,40400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40401,40402,40404,40406,40408],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40403,2490],{"class":173},[66,40405,158],{"class":80},[66,40407,2771],{"class":137},[66,40409,163],{"class":80},[20,40411,40412,40413,50],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40414,3182],{},[20,40416,40417,40418,40420,40421,94],{},"If you call ",[15,40419,3182],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40422,4061],{},[57,40424,40426],{"className":59,"code":40425,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float())\n",[15,40427,40428],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40429,40430,40432,40434,40436],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40431,155],{"class":154},[66,40433,158],{"class":80},[66,40435,2490],{"class":173},[66,40437,345],{"class":80},[20,40439,187],{},[57,40441,40443],{"className":59,"code":40442,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0.0\n",[15,40444,40445],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40446,40447],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40448,40442],{"class":117},[20,40450,40451],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[57,40453,40455],{"className":59,"code":40454,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40456,40457,40477],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40458,40459,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470,40473,40475],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40460,40461],{"class":72},"price ",[66,40463,77],{"class":76},[66,40465,40329],{"class":173},[66,40467,158],{"class":80},[66,40469,85],{"class":84},[66,40471,40472],{"class":88},"19.99",[66,40474,85],{"class":84},[66,40476,163],{"class":80},[66,40478,40479,40481,40483,40485],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40480,155],{"class":154},[66,40482,158],{"class":80},[66,40484,1210],{"class":137},[66,40486,163],{"class":80},[52,40488,40490],{"id":40489},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40492,40493,40495],{},[15,40494,3182],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1430,40497,40499],{"id":40498},"integers","Integers",[20,40501,40502,40503,40506],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40504,40505],{},".0"," added:",[57,40508,40510],{"className":59,"code":40509,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40511,40512,40526],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40513,40514,40516,40518,40520,40522,40524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40515,155],{"class":154},[66,40517,158],{"class":80},[66,40519,2490],{"class":173},[66,40521,158],{"class":80},[66,40523,2433],{"class":117},[66,40525,181],{"class":80},[66,40527,40528,40530,40532,40534,40536,40538,40540],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40529,155],{"class":154},[66,40531,158],{"class":80},[66,40533,2490],{"class":173},[66,40535,158],{"class":80},[66,40537,2319],{"class":76},[66,40539,2354],{"class":117},[66,40541,181],{"class":80},[20,40543,187],{},[57,40545,40547],{"className":59,"code":40546,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40548,40549,40553],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40550,40551],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40552,2778],{"class":117},[66,40554,40555,40557],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40556,2319],{"class":76},[66,40558,40559],{"class":117},"2.0\n",[1430,40561,40563],{"id":40562},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40565,40566],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[57,40568,40570],{"className":59,"code":40569,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40571,40572,40590],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40573,40574,40576,40578,40580,40582,40584,40586,40588],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40575,155],{"class":154},[66,40577,158],{"class":80},[66,40579,2490],{"class":173},[66,40581,158],{"class":80},[66,40583,85],{"class":84},[66,40585,40217],{"class":88},[66,40587,85],{"class":84},[66,40589,181],{"class":80},[66,40591,40592,40594,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604,40606],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40593,155],{"class":154},[66,40595,158],{"class":80},[66,40597,2490],{"class":173},[66,40599,158],{"class":80},[66,40601,85],{"class":84},[66,40603,2628],{"class":88},[66,40605,85],{"class":84},[66,40607,181],{"class":80},[20,40609,187],{},[57,40611,40613],{"className":59,"code":40612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40614,40615,40619],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40616,40617],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40618,40251],{"class":117},[66,40620,40621],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40622,40623],{"class":117},"10.0\n",[1430,40625,40627],{"id":40626},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40629,40630],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[57,40632,40634],{"className":59,"code":40633,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40635,40636],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40637,40638,40640,40642,40644,40646,40648,40651,40653],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40639,155],{"class":154},[66,40641,158],{"class":80},[66,40643,2490],{"class":173},[66,40645,158],{"class":80},[66,40647,85],{"class":84},[66,40649,40650],{"class":88},"  8.5  ",[66,40652,85],{"class":84},[66,40654,181],{"class":80},[20,40656,187],{},[57,40658,40660],{"className":59,"code":40659,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"8.5\n",[15,40661,40662],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40663,40664],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40665,40659],{"class":117},[1430,40667,40669],{"id":40668},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40671,40672],{},"Boolean values also work:",[57,40674,40676],{"className":59,"code":40675,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40677,40678,40692],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40679,40680,40682,40684,40686,40688,40690],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40681,155],{"class":154},[66,40683,158],{"class":80},[66,40685,2490],{"class":173},[66,40687,158],{"class":80},[66,40689,1386],{"class":4146},[66,40691,181],{"class":80},[66,40693,40694,40696,40698,40700,40702,40704],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40695,155],{"class":154},[66,40697,158],{"class":80},[66,40699,2490],{"class":173},[66,40701,158],{"class":80},[66,40703,3967],{"class":4146},[66,40705,181],{"class":80},[20,40707,187],{},[57,40709,40711],{"className":59,"code":40710,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40712,40713,40717],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40714,40715],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40716,40256],{"class":117},[66,40718,40719],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,40720,40442],{"class":117},[1430,40722,40724],{"id":40723},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40726,40727,40728,40730],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40729,3182],{}," returns a float version of it:",[57,40732,40734],{"className":59,"code":40733,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40735,40736],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40737,40738,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40739,155],{"class":154},[66,40741,158],{"class":80},[66,40743,2490],{"class":173},[66,40745,158],{"class":80},[66,40747,2660],{"class":117},[66,40749,181],{"class":80},[20,40751,187],{},[57,40753,40754],{"className":59,"code":2684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,40755,40756],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40757,40758],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40759,2684],{"class":117},[52,40761,40763],{"id":40762},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40765,40766,40767,50],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40768,3182],{},[1430,40770,40772],{"id":40771},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40774,40775,40776,94],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40777,40778],{},"ValueError",[57,40780,40782],{"className":59,"code":40781,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40783,40784],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40785,40786,40788,40790,40792,40794,40796,40798,40800],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40787,155],{"class":154},[66,40789,158],{"class":80},[66,40791,2490],{"class":173},[66,40793,158],{"class":80},[66,40795,85],{"class":84},[66,40797,4139],{"class":88},[66,40799,85],{"class":84},[66,40801,181],{"class":80},[20,40803,29746],{},[57,40805,40807],{"className":59,"code":40806,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40808,40809],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40810,40811,40813,40815,40818,40820,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40812,40778],{"class":173},[66,40814,94],{"class":80},[66,40816,40817],{"class":72}," could ",[66,40819,4926],{"class":76},[66,40821,40822],{"class":72}," convert string to ",[66,40824,2490],{"class":173},[66,40826,94],{"class":80},[66,40828,211],{"class":84},[66,40830,4139],{"class":88},[66,40832,29765],{"class":84},[20,40834,40835],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[57,40837,40839],{"className":59,"code":40838,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40840,40841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40842,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851,40853],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40844,155],{"class":154},[66,40846,158],{"class":80},[66,40848,2490],{"class":173},[66,40850,158],{"class":80},[66,40852,6565],{"class":84},[66,40854,181],{"class":80},[1430,40856,40858],{"id":40857},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40860,40861],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[57,40863,40865],{"className":59,"code":40864,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40866,40867],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40868,40869,40871,40873,40875,40877,40879,40881,40883,40885,40887],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40870,155],{"class":154},[66,40872,158],{"class":80},[66,40874,2490],{"class":173},[66,40876,199],{"class":80},[66,40878,1714],{"class":117},[66,40880,105],{"class":80},[66,40882,1719],{"class":117},[66,40884,105],{"class":80},[66,40886,1724],{"class":117},[66,40888,3296],{"class":80},[20,40890,29746],{},[57,40892,40894],{"className":59,"code":40893,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40895,40896],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40897,40898,40900,40902,40904,40906,40909,40912,40915,40917,40919,40921,40923],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40899,3302],{"class":173},[66,40901,94],{"class":80},[66,40903,40329],{"class":173},[66,40905,7659],{"class":80},[66,40907,40908],{"class":72}," argument must be a string ",[66,40910,40911],{"class":76},"or",[66,40913,40914],{"class":72}," a real number",[66,40916,105],{"class":80},[66,40918,8392],{"class":76},[66,40920,211],{"class":84},[66,40922,174],{"class":88},[66,40924,29765],{"class":84},[1430,40926,40928],{"id":40927},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40930,40931],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[57,40933,40935],{"className":59,"code":40934,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40936,40937],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40938,40939,40941,40943,40945,40947,40949,40952,40954],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40940,155],{"class":154},[66,40942,158],{"class":80},[66,40944,2490],{"class":173},[66,40946,158],{"class":80},[66,40948,85],{"class":84},[66,40950,40951],{"class":88},"3,14",[66,40953,85],{"class":84},[66,40955,181],{"class":80},[20,40957,3299,40958,50],{},[15,40959,40778],{},[20,40961,40962,40963,4688,40967,50],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[652,40964,40966],{"href":40965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[652,40968,40970],{"href":40969},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[52,40972,793],{"id":792},[20,40974,40975,40977],{},[15,40976,3182],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40979,40980,40981,40983],{},"It does ",[185,40982,4926],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40985,281],{},[57,40987,40989],{"className":59,"code":40988,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40990,40991,41004,41018,41022,41032,41042,41056],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,40992,40993,40995,40997,40999,41002],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,40994,34756],{"class":72},[66,40996,77],{"class":76},[66,40998,97],{"class":84},[66,41000,41001],{"class":88},"6.5",[66,41003,376],{"class":84},[66,41005,41006,41008,41010,41012,41014,41016],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41007,2515],{"class":72},[66,41009,77],{"class":76},[66,41011,40329],{"class":173},[66,41013,158],{"class":80},[66,41015,34777],{"class":137},[66,41017,163],{"class":80},[66,41019,41020],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41021,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41023,41024,41026,41028,41030],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41025,155],{"class":154},[66,41027,158],{"class":80},[66,41029,34777],{"class":137},[66,41031,163],{"class":80},[66,41033,41034,41036,41038,41040],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,41035,155],{"class":154},[66,41037,158],{"class":80},[66,41039,2537],{"class":137},[66,41041,163],{"class":80},[66,41043,41044,41046,41048,41050,41052,41054],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,41045,155],{"class":154},[66,41047,158],{"class":80},[66,41049,912],{"class":173},[66,41051,158],{"class":80},[66,41053,34777],{"class":137},[66,41055,181],{"class":80},[66,41057,41058,41060,41062,41064,41066,41068],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,41059,155],{"class":154},[66,41061,158],{"class":80},[66,41063,912],{"class":173},[66,41065,158],{"class":80},[66,41067,2537],{"class":137},[66,41069,181],{"class":80},[20,41071,187],{},[57,41073,41075],{"className":59,"code":41074,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41076,41077,41082,41086,41100],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41078,41079],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41080,41081],{"class":117},"6.5\n",[66,41083,41084],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41085,41081],{"class":117},[66,41087,41088,41090,41092,41094,41096,41098],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41089,954],{"class":76},[66,41091,958],{"class":957},[66,41093,211],{"class":84},[66,41095,3737],{"class":88},[66,41097,202],{"class":84},[66,41099,967],{"class":76},[66,41101,41102,41104,41106,41108,41110,41112],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41103,954],{"class":76},[66,41105,958],{"class":957},[66,41107,211],{"class":84},[66,41109,2490],{"class":88},[66,41111,202],{"class":84},[66,41113,967],{"class":76},[20,41115,41116],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[52,41118,41120],{"id":41119},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1430,41122,41124,41125,41127],{"id":41123},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41126,3256],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41129,2277,41130,41134,41135,50],{},[652,41131,41132,2600],{"href":8512},[15,41133,3256],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41136,3182],{},[57,41138,41140],{"className":59,"code":41139,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41141,41142,41161,41175,41179],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41143,41144,41146,41148,41150,41152,41154,41157,41159],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41145,8530],{"class":72},[66,41147,77],{"class":76},[66,41149,8535],{"class":154},[66,41151,158],{"class":80},[66,41153,85],{"class":84},[66,41155,41156],{"class":88},"Enter a price: ",[66,41158,85],{"class":84},[66,41160,163],{"class":80},[66,41162,41163,41165,41167,41169,41171,41173],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41164,40461],{"class":72},[66,41166,77],{"class":76},[66,41168,40329],{"class":173},[66,41170,158],{"class":80},[66,41172,8559],{"class":137},[66,41174,163],{"class":80},[66,41176,41177],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41178,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41180,41181,41183,41185,41187,41189,41191],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41182,155],{"class":154},[66,41184,158],{"class":80},[66,41186,40461],{"class":137},[66,41188,39946],{"class":76},[66,41190,1719],{"class":117},[66,41192,163],{"class":80},[20,41194,41195,41196,41199],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41197,41198],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[57,41201,41203],{"className":59,"code":41202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"9.0\n",[15,41204,41205],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41206,41207],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41208,41202],{"class":117},[20,41210,41211,41212,50],{},"For more help with this, see ",[652,41213,9274],{"href":9273},[1430,41215,41217],{"id":41216},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[57,41219,41221],{"className":59,"code":41220,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41222,41223,41236,41249,41253,41278],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41224,41225,41227,41229,41231,41234],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41226,2853],{"class":72},[66,41228,77],{"class":76},[66,41230,97],{"class":84},[66,41232,41233],{"class":88},"2.5",[66,41235,376],{"class":84},[66,41237,41238,41240,41242,41244,41247],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41239,2881],{"class":72},[66,41241,77],{"class":76},[66,41243,97],{"class":84},[66,41245,41246],{"class":88},"1.5",[66,41248,376],{"class":84},[66,41250,41251],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41252,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41254,41255,41258,41260,41262,41264,41266,41268,41270,41272,41274,41276],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41256,41257],{"class":72},"total ",[66,41259,77],{"class":76},[66,41261,40329],{"class":173},[66,41263,158],{"class":80},[66,41265,652],{"class":137},[66,41267,3954],{"class":80},[66,41269,2752],{"class":76},[66,41271,40329],{"class":173},[66,41273,158],{"class":80},[66,41275,1903],{"class":137},[66,41277,163],{"class":80},[66,41279,41280,41282,41284,41287],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,41281,155],{"class":154},[66,41283,158],{"class":80},[66,41285,41286],{"class":137},"total",[66,41288,163],{"class":80},[20,41290,187],{},[57,41292,41294],{"className":59,"code":41293,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4.0\n",[15,41295,41296],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41297,41298],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41299,41293],{"class":117},[1430,41301,41303],{"id":41302},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41305,41306],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[57,41308,41310],{"className":59,"code":41309,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41311,41312,41322,41337,41341],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41313,41314,41317,41319],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41315,41316],{"class":72},"count ",[66,41318,77],{"class":76},[66,41320,41321],{"class":117}," 7\n",[66,41323,41324,41326,41328,41330,41332,41335],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41325,877],{"class":72},[66,41327,77],{"class":76},[66,41329,40329],{"class":173},[66,41331,158],{"class":80},[66,41333,41334],{"class":137},"count",[66,41336,163],{"class":80},[66,41338,41339],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41340,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41342,41343,41345,41347,41349],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41344,155],{"class":154},[66,41346,158],{"class":80},[66,41348,901],{"class":137},[66,41350,163],{"class":80},[20,41352,187],{},[57,41354,41356],{"className":59,"code":41355,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"7.0\n",[15,41357,41358],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41359,41360],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41361,41355],{"class":117},[1430,41363,41365],{"id":41364},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41367,41368,41369,41371],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41370,3182],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[57,41373,41375],{"className":59,"code":41374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41376,41377,41391,41407,41411],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41378,41379,41382,41384,41386,41389],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41380,41381],{"class":72},"temperature_text ",[66,41383,77],{"class":76},[66,41385,97],{"class":84},[66,41387,41388],{"class":88},"21.8",[66,41390,376],{"class":84},[66,41392,41393,41396,41398,41400,41402,41405],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41394,41395],{"class":72},"temperature ",[66,41397,77],{"class":76},[66,41399,40329],{"class":173},[66,41401,158],{"class":80},[66,41403,41404],{"class":137},"temperature_text",[66,41406,163],{"class":80},[66,41408,41409],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41410,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41412,41413,41415,41417,41420],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41414,155],{"class":154},[66,41416,158],{"class":80},[66,41418,41419],{"class":137},"temperature",[66,41421,163],{"class":80},[52,41423,41425],{"id":41424},"special-values","Special values",[20,41427,41428,41430],{},[15,41429,3182],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1430,41432,41434],{"id":41433},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[57,41436,41438],{"className":59,"code":41437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41439,41440],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41441,41442,41444,41446,41448,41450,41452,41455,41457],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41443,155],{"class":154},[66,41445,158],{"class":80},[66,41447,2490],{"class":173},[66,41449,158],{"class":80},[66,41451,85],{"class":84},[66,41453,41454],{"class":88},"inf",[66,41456,85],{"class":84},[66,41458,181],{"class":80},[20,41460,187],{},[57,41462,41464],{"className":59,"code":41463,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"inf\n",[15,41465,41466],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41467,41468],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41469,41463],{"class":72},[1430,41471,41473],{"id":41472},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[57,41475,41477],{"className":59,"code":41476,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41478,41479],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41480,41481,41483,41485,41487,41489,41491,41494,41496],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41482,155],{"class":154},[66,41484,158],{"class":80},[66,41486,2490],{"class":173},[66,41488,158],{"class":80},[66,41490,85],{"class":84},[66,41492,41493],{"class":88},"-inf",[66,41495,85],{"class":84},[66,41497,181],{"class":80},[20,41499,187],{},[57,41501,41503],{"className":59,"code":41502,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"-inf\n",[15,41504,41505],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41506,41507,41509],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41508,2319],{"class":76},[66,41510,41463],{"class":72},[1430,41512,41514],{"id":41513},"not-a-number","Not a number",[57,41516,41518],{"className":59,"code":41517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41519,41520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41521,41522,41524,41526,41528,41530,41532,41535,41537],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41523,155],{"class":154},[66,41525,158],{"class":80},[66,41527,2490],{"class":173},[66,41529,158],{"class":80},[66,41531,85],{"class":84},[66,41533,41534],{"class":88},"nan",[66,41536,85],{"class":84},[66,41538,181],{"class":80},[20,41540,187],{},[57,41542,41544],{"className":59,"code":41543,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nan\n",[15,41545,41546],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41547,41548],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41549,41543],{"class":72},[20,41551,41552],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41554,41555,41560,41565],{},[33,41556,41557,41559],{},[15,41558,41454],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41561,41562,41564],{},[15,41563,41493],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41566,41567,41569],{},[15,41568,41534],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41571,41572,41573,41575],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41574,3182],{}," accepts them.",[52,41577,41579],{"id":41578},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41581,41582,41583,41585],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41584,3182],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1430,41587,40778],{"id":41588},"valueerror",[20,41590,15463,41591,41593],{},[15,41592,40778],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41595,41596],{},"Common causes:",[30,41598,41599,41605,41608,41611],{},[33,41600,41601,41602],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41603,41604],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41606,41607],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41609,41610],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41612,5000,41613],{},[652,41614,41615,41617],{"href":8512},[15,41616,3256],{}," returns a string",[20,41619,281],{},[57,41621,41623],{"className":59,"code":41622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41624,41625,41638],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41626,41627,41629,41631,41633,41636],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41628,2745],{"class":72},[66,41630,77],{"class":76},[66,41632,97],{"class":84},[66,41634,41635],{"class":88},"abc",[66,41637,376],{"class":84},[66,41639,41640,41642,41644,41646,41648,41650],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41641,155],{"class":154},[66,41643,158],{"class":80},[66,41645,2490],{"class":173},[66,41647,158],{"class":80},[66,41649,2771],{"class":137},[66,41651,181],{"class":80},[1430,41653,3302],{"id":41654},"typeerror",[20,41656,15463,41657,41659],{},[15,41658,3302],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41661,41596],{},[30,41663,41664,41667,41670],{},[33,41665,41666],{},"Passing a list",[33,41668,41669],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41671,41672],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41674,281],{},[57,41676,41678],{"className":59,"code":41677,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41679,41680,41705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41681,41682,41684,41686,41688,41690,41692,41694,41696,41698,41701,41703],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41683,2745],{"class":72},[66,41685,77],{"class":76},[66,41687,81],{"class":80},[66,41689,85],{"class":84},[66,41691,1210],{"class":88},[66,41693,85],{"class":84},[66,41695,94],{"class":80},[66,41697,97],{"class":84},[66,41699,41700],{"class":88},"9.99",[66,41702,85],{"class":84},[66,41704,121],{"class":80},[66,41706,41707,41709,41711,41713,41715,41717],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41708,155],{"class":154},[66,41710,158],{"class":80},[66,41712,2490],{"class":173},[66,41714,158],{"class":80},[66,41716,2771],{"class":137},[66,41718,181],{"class":80},[1430,41720,41722],{"id":41721},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41724,41725,41726,41729],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41727,41728],{},"strip()"," can help:",[57,41731,41733],{"className":59,"code":41732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41734,41735,41748,41763,41767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41736,41737,41739,41741,41743,41746],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41738,2745],{"class":72},[66,41740,77],{"class":76},[66,41742,97],{"class":84},[66,41744,41745],{"class":88},"  7.25  ",[66,41747,376],{"class":84},[66,41749,41750,41753,41755,41757,41759,41761],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41751,41752],{"class":72},"clean_value ",[66,41754,77],{"class":76},[66,41756,8726],{"class":72},[66,41758,50],{"class":80},[66,41760,8927],{"class":137},[66,41762,141],{"class":80},[66,41764,41765],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41766,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41768,41769,41771,41773,41775,41777,41780],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41770,155],{"class":154},[66,41772,158],{"class":80},[66,41774,2490],{"class":173},[66,41776,158],{"class":80},[66,41778,41779],{"class":137},"clean_value",[66,41781,181],{"class":80},[20,41783,187],{},[57,41785,41787],{"className":59,"code":41786,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"7.25\n",[15,41788,41789],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41790,41791],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41792,41786],{"class":117},[1430,41794,41796],{"id":41795},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41798,41799],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[57,41801,41803],{"className":59,"code":41802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41804,41805,41818,41822,41832,41846,41861,41865,41879],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41806,41807,41809,41811,41813,41816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41808,2745],{"class":72},[66,41810,77],{"class":76},[66,41812,97],{"class":84},[66,41814,41815],{"class":88}," 3.5 ",[66,41817,376],{"class":84},[66,41819,41820],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41821,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41823,41824,41826,41828,41830],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41825,155],{"class":154},[66,41827,158],{"class":80},[66,41829,2771],{"class":137},[66,41831,163],{"class":80},[66,41833,41834,41836,41838,41840,41842,41844],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41835,155],{"class":154},[66,41837,158],{"class":80},[66,41839,912],{"class":173},[66,41841,158],{"class":80},[66,41843,2771],{"class":137},[66,41845,181],{"class":80},[66,41847,41848,41850,41852,41855,41857,41859],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,41849,155],{"class":154},[66,41851,158],{"class":80},[66,41853,41854],{"class":154},"repr",[66,41856,158],{"class":80},[66,41858,2771],{"class":137},[66,41860,181],{"class":80},[66,41862,41863],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,41864,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41866,41867,41869,41871,41873,41875,41877],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,41868,41752],{"class":72},[66,41870,77],{"class":76},[66,41872,8726],{"class":72},[66,41874,50],{"class":80},[66,41876,8927],{"class":137},[66,41878,141],{"class":80},[66,41880,41881,41883,41885,41887,41889,41891],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,41882,155],{"class":154},[66,41884,158],{"class":80},[66,41886,2490],{"class":173},[66,41888,158],{"class":80},[66,41890,41779],{"class":137},[66,41892,181],{"class":80},[20,41894,41895],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41897,41898,41904,41909,41915],{},[33,41899,41900,41903],{},[15,41901,41902],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41905,41906,21625],{},[15,41907,41908],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41910,41911,41914],{},[15,41912,41913],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41916,41917,41919],{},[15,41918,41728],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1430,41921,41923],{"id":41922},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41925,41926],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[57,41928,41930],{"className":59,"code":41929,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41931,41932,41951,41955,41961,41976,41995,42004],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,41933,41934,41936,41938,41940,41942,41944,41947,41949],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,41935,2745],{"class":72},[66,41937,77],{"class":76},[66,41939,8535],{"class":154},[66,41941,158],{"class":80},[66,41943,85],{"class":84},[66,41945,41946],{"class":88},"Enter a number: ",[66,41948,85],{"class":84},[66,41950,163],{"class":80},[66,41952,41953],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,41954,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,41956,41957,41959],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,41958,29869],{"class":1060},[66,41960,1133],{"class":80},[66,41962,41963,41966,41968,41970,41972,41974],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,41964,41965],{"class":72},"    number ",[66,41967,77],{"class":76},[66,41969,40329],{"class":173},[66,41971,158],{"class":80},[66,41973,2771],{"class":137},[66,41975,163],{"class":80},[66,41977,41978,41980,41982,41984,41987,41989,41991,41993],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,41979,1081],{"class":154},[66,41981,158],{"class":80},[66,41983,85],{"class":84},[66,41985,41986],{"class":88},"Converted:",[66,41988,85],{"class":84},[66,41990,105],{"class":80},[66,41992,2495],{"class":137},[66,41994,163],{"class":80},[66,41996,41997,41999,42002],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,41998,29900],{"class":1060},[66,42000,42001],{"class":173}," ValueError",[66,42003,1133],{"class":80},[66,42005,42006,42008,42010,42012,42015,42017],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,42007,1081],{"class":154},[66,42009,158],{"class":80},[66,42011,85],{"class":84},[66,42013,42014],{"class":88},"That is not a valid number.",[66,42016,85],{"class":84},[66,42018,163],{"class":80},[20,42020,42021,42022,50],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[652,42023,40970],{"href":40969},[52,42025,42027],{"id":42026},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42029,10876,42030,4688,42032,42034],{},[15,42031,3182],{},[15,42033,3175],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42036,42037,42039],{},[15,42038,3182],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[57,42041,42043],{"className":59,"code":42042,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42044,42045],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42046,42047,42049,42051,42053,42055,42057,42060,42062],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42048,155],{"class":154},[66,42050,158],{"class":80},[66,42052,2490],{"class":173},[66,42054,158],{"class":80},[66,42056,85],{"class":84},[66,42058,42059],{"class":88},"3.9",[66,42061,85],{"class":84},[66,42063,181],{"class":80},[20,42065,187],{},[57,42067,42069],{"className":59,"code":42068,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.9\n",[15,42070,42071],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42072,42073],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42074,42068],{"class":117},[20,42076,42077,42079],{},[15,42078,3175],{}," creates whole numbers:",[57,42081,42083],{"className":59,"code":42082,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42084,42085],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42086,42087,42089,42091,42093,42095,42097,42099,42101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42088,155],{"class":154},[66,42090,158],{"class":80},[66,42092,2486],{"class":173},[66,42094,158],{"class":80},[66,42096,85],{"class":84},[66,42098,2628],{"class":88},[66,42100,85],{"class":84},[66,42102,181],{"class":80},[20,42104,187],{},[57,42106,42107],{"className":59,"code":2674,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,42108,42109],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42110,42111],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42112,2674],{"class":117},[20,42114,42115,42116,42119],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42117,42118],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[57,42121,42123],{"className":59,"code":42122,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42124,42125],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42126,42127,42129,42131,42133,42135,42137,42139,42141],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42128,155],{"class":154},[66,42130,158],{"class":80},[66,42132,2486],{"class":173},[66,42134,158],{"class":80},[66,42136,85],{"class":84},[66,42138,42059],{"class":88},[66,42140,85],{"class":84},[66,42142,181],{"class":80},[20,42144,3299,42145,8894,42147,42150],{},[15,42146,40778],{},[15,42148,42149],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42152,10998],{},[30,42154,42155,42161],{},[33,42156,42157,42160],{},[15,42158,42159],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,42162,42163,42165],{},[15,42164,42118],{}," fails",[20,42167,42168,42169,42172,42173,42175],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[652,42170,42171],{"href":3172},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[652,42174,2718],{"href":2717}," helpful.",[52,42177,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,42179,42181],{"id":42180},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42183,42184,42185,3176,42187,50],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42186,2790],{},[15,42188,40217],{},[1430,42190,42192],{"id":42191},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42194,42195,42196,3176,42199,50],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42197,42198],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42200,42201],{},"\"10\"",[1430,42203,42205],{"id":42204},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42207,29126,42208,42210,42211,50],{},[15,42209,41604],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42212,40778],{},[1430,42214,42216],{"id":42215},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42218,5443,42219,50],{},[15,42220,4061],{},[1430,42222,42224],{"id":42223},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42226,42227,42228,42230,42231,4688,42234,42230,42236,50],{},"Yes. ",[15,42229,1386],{}," becomes ",[15,42232,42233],{},"1.0",[15,42235,3967],{},[15,42237,4061],{},[52,42239,2183],{"id":2182},[30,42241,42242,42246,42252,42257,42261,42265],{},[33,42243,42244],{},[652,42245,42171],{"href":3172},[33,42247,42248],{},[652,42249,42251],{"href":42250},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,42253,42254],{},[652,42255,42256],{"href":40965},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,42258,42259],{},[652,42260,9351],{"href":9273},[33,42262,42263],{},[652,42264,40970],{"href":40969},[33,42266,42267],{},[652,42268,42269],{"href":8512},"Python input() Function Explained",[2222,42271,42272],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":42274},[42275,42276,42277,42278,42285,42290,42291,42298,42303,42310,42311,42318],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":40264,"depth":124,"text":40265},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":40489,"depth":124,"text":40490,"children":42279},[42280,42281,42282,42283,42284],{"id":40498,"depth":144,"text":40499},{"id":40562,"depth":144,"text":40563},{"id":40626,"depth":144,"text":40627},{"id":40668,"depth":144,"text":40669},{"id":40723,"depth":144,"text":40724},{"id":40762,"depth":124,"text":40763,"children":42286},[42287,42288,42289],{"id":40771,"depth":144,"text":40772},{"id":40857,"depth":144,"text":40858},{"id":40927,"depth":144,"text":40928},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":41119,"depth":124,"text":41120,"children":42292},[42293,42295,42296,42297],{"id":41123,"depth":144,"text":42294},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41216,"depth":144,"text":41217},{"id":41302,"depth":144,"text":41303},{"id":41364,"depth":144,"text":41365},{"id":41424,"depth":124,"text":41425,"children":42299},[42300,42301,42302],{"id":41433,"depth":144,"text":41434},{"id":41472,"depth":144,"text":41473},{"id":41513,"depth":144,"text":41514},{"id":41578,"depth":124,"text":41579,"children":42304},[42305,42306,42307,42308,42309],{"id":41588,"depth":144,"text":40778},{"id":41654,"depth":144,"text":3302},{"id":41721,"depth":144,"text":41722},{"id":41795,"depth":144,"text":41796},{"id":41922,"depth":144,"text":41923},{"id":42026,"depth":124,"text":42027},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":42312},[42313,42314,42315,42316,42317],{"id":42180,"depth":144,"text":42181},{"id":42191,"depth":144,"text":42192},{"id":42204,"depth":144,"text":42205},{"id":42215,"depth":144,"text":42216},{"id":42223,"depth":144,"text":42224},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40165,"description":42319},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42326,"title":42327,"body":42328,"description":43549,"extension":2260,"meta":43550,"navigation":147,"path":35093,"seo":43551,"stem":43552,"__hash__":43553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42329,"toc":43515},[42330,42333,42338,42341,42343,42382,42396,42400,42405,42408,42425,42428,42438,42453,42456,42458,42461,42477,42480,42483,42503,42507,42518,42521,42525,42529,42543,42578,42582,42593,42628,42631,42633,42641,42674,42690,42692,42702,42723,42734,42736,42741,42744,42758,42760,42779,42782,42795,42798,42802,42806,42820,42823,42841,42844,42859,42863,42868,42882,42888,42890,42947,42949,42982,42985,43001,43005,43012,43016,43021,43024,43035,43039,43044,43059,43068,43073,43092,43095,43107,43109,43114,43124,43127,43156,43161,43170,43174,43179,43182,43186,43191,43193,43223,43226,43233,43238,43243,43247,43250,43258,43261,43339,43342,43364,43366,43370,43373,43377,43383,43446,43450,43458,43462,43465,43467,43492,43512],[10,42331,42327],{"id":42332},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42334,3877,42335,42337],{},[15,42336,35096],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42339,42340],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[52,42342,55],{"id":54},[57,42344,42346],{"className":59,"code":42345,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42347,42348,42358,42368],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42349,42350,42352,42354,42356],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42351,32219],{"class":154},[66,42353,158],{"class":80},[66,42355,11445],{"class":154},[66,42357,163],{"class":80},[66,42359,42360,42362,42364,42366],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,42361,32219],{"class":154},[66,42363,158],{"class":80},[66,42365,3737],{"class":173},[66,42367,163],{"class":80},[66,42369,42370,42372,42374,42376,42378,42380],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,42371,32219],{"class":154},[66,42373,158],{"class":80},[66,42375,202],{"class":84},[66,42377,34727],{"class":88},[66,42379,202],{"class":84},[66,42381,163],{"class":80},[20,42383,243,42384,42386,42387,3176,42389,42391,42392,42395],{},[15,42385,35096],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42388,11445],{},[15,42390,3737],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42393,42394],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[52,42397,42399],{"id":42398},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42401,42402,42404],{},[15,42403,35096],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42406,42407],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,42409,42410,42413,42416,42419,42422],{},[33,42411,42412],{},"Functions",[33,42414,42415],{},"Classes",[33,42417,42418],{},"Methods",[33,42420,42421],{},"Modules",[33,42423,42424],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42426,42427],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42429,42430,42431,42437],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[652,42432,42434],{"href":42433},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42435,42436],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[57,42439,42441],{"className":59,"code":42440,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\n",[15,42442,42443],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42444,42445,42447,42449,42451],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42446,32219],{"class":154},[66,42448,158],{"class":80},[66,42450,11445],{"class":154},[66,42452,163],{"class":80},[20,42454,42455],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[52,42457,2455],{"id":2454},[20,42459,42460],{},"The main form is:",[57,42462,42464],{"className":59,"code":42463,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(object)\n",[15,42465,42466],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42467,42468,42470,42472,42475],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42469,32219],{"class":154},[66,42471,158],{"class":80},[66,42473,42474],{"class":173},"object",[66,42476,163],{"class":80},[20,42478,42479],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42481,42482],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42484,42485,42489,42494,42498],{},[33,42486,42487],{},[15,42488,11445],{},[33,42490,42491],{},[15,42492,42493],{},"list.append",[33,42495,42496],{},[15,42497,3737],{},[33,42499,42500],{},[15,42501,42502],{},"open",[20,42504,7469,42505,7472],{},[15,42506,35096],{},[57,42508,42510],{"className":59,"code":42509,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help()\n",[15,42511,42512],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42513,42514,42516],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42515,32219],{"class":154},[66,42517,141],{"class":80},[20,42519,42520],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[52,42522,42524],{"id":42523},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1430,42526,42528],{"id":42527},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42530,42531,42532,2487,42534,2487,42536,17341,42539,50],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42533,11445],{},[15,42535,155],{},[15,42537,42538],{},"input",[652,42540,42541],{"href":2596},[15,42542,2599],{},[57,42544,42546],{"className":59,"code":42545,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42547,42548,42558,42568],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42549,42550,42552,42554,42556],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42551,32219],{"class":154},[66,42553,158],{"class":80},[66,42555,155],{"class":154},[66,42557,163],{"class":80},[66,42559,42560,42562,42564,42566],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,42561,32219],{"class":154},[66,42563,158],{"class":80},[66,42565,42538],{"class":154},[66,42567,163],{"class":80},[66,42569,42570,42572,42574,42576],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,42571,32219],{"class":154},[66,42573,158],{"class":80},[66,42575,912],{"class":173},[66,42577,163],{"class":80},[1430,42579,42581],{"id":42580},"data-types","Data types",[20,42583,42584,42585,2487,42587,2487,42589,17341,42591,50],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42586,3737],{},[15,42588,174],{},[15,42590,9114],{},[15,42592,6580],{},[57,42594,42596],{"className":59,"code":42595,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42597,42598,42608,42618],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42599,42600,42602,42604,42606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42601,32219],{"class":154},[66,42603,158],{"class":80},[66,42605,3737],{"class":173},[66,42607,163],{"class":80},[66,42609,42610,42612,42614,42616],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,42611,32219],{"class":154},[66,42613,158],{"class":80},[66,42615,174],{"class":173},[66,42617,163],{"class":80},[66,42619,42620,42622,42624,42626],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,42621,32219],{"class":154},[66,42623,158],{"class":80},[66,42625,9114],{"class":173},[66,42627,163],{"class":80},[20,42629,42630],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1430,42632,42418],{"id":34574},[20,42634,42635,42636,4688,42639,50],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42637,42638],{},"str.split",[15,42640,42493],{},[57,42642,42644],{"className":59,"code":42643,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42645,42646,42660],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42647,42648,42650,42652,42654,42656,42658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42649,32219],{"class":154},[66,42651,158],{"class":80},[66,42653,3737],{"class":173},[66,42655,50],{"class":80},[66,42657,34537],{"class":784},[66,42659,163],{"class":80},[66,42661,42662,42664,42666,42668,42670,42672],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,42663,32219],{"class":154},[66,42665,158],{"class":80},[66,42667,174],{"class":173},[66,42669,50],{"class":80},[66,42671,13830],{"class":784},[66,42673,163],{"class":80},[20,42675,42676,42677,8997,42679,28378,42684,42686,42687,42689],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42678,35096],{},[652,42680,42682],{"href":42681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42683,34379],{},[15,42685,34379],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42688,35096],{}," explains one of them.",[1430,42691,42421],{"id":34727},[20,42693,42694,42695,2487,42697,17341,42699,50],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42696,18677],{},[15,42698,35259],{},[15,42700,42701],{},"os",[57,42703,42705],{"className":59,"code":42704,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42706,42707,42713],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42708,42709,42711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42710,35160],{"class":1060},[66,42712,35163],{"class":72},[66,42714,42715,42717,42719,42721],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,42716,32219],{"class":154},[66,42718,158],{"class":80},[66,42720,18677],{"class":137},[66,42722,163],{"class":80},[20,42724,42725,42726,42730,42731,50],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[652,42727,42729],{"href":42728},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[652,42732,35226],{"href":42733},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[52,42735,34987],{"id":34986},[20,42737,42738,42740],{},[15,42739,35096],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42742,42743],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42745,42746,42749,42752,42755],{},[33,42747,42748],{},"The function signature",[33,42750,42751],{},"The short description",[33,42753,42754],{},"Parameter names",[33,42756,42757],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42759,5767],{},[57,42761,42763],{"className":59,"code":42762,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42764,42765],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42766,42767,42769,42771,42773,42775,42777],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42768,32219],{"class":154},[66,42770,158],{"class":80},[66,42772,3737],{"class":173},[66,42774,50],{"class":80},[66,42776,34537],{"class":784},[66,42778,163],{"class":80},[20,42780,42781],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42783,42784,42787,42790,42792],{},[33,42785,42786],{},"What object this is",[33,42788,42789],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42791,22226],{},[33,42793,42794],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42796,42797],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[52,42799,42801],{"id":42800},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42803,42804,29939],{},[15,42805,35096],{},[30,42807,42808,42811,42814,42817],{},[33,42809,42810],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42812,42813],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42815,42816],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42818,42819],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42821,42822],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[57,42824,42825],{"className":59,"code":42762,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,42826,42827],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42828,42829,42831,42833,42835,42837,42839],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42830,32219],{"class":154},[66,42832,158],{"class":80},[66,42834,3737],{"class":173},[66,42836,50],{"class":80},[66,42838,34537],{"class":784},[66,42840,163],{"class":80},[20,42842,42843],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[57,42845,42847],{"className":59,"code":42846,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(open)\n",[15,42848,42849],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42850,42851,42853,42855,42857],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42852,32219],{"class":154},[66,42854,158],{"class":80},[66,42856,42502],{"class":154},[66,42858,163],{"class":80},[52,42860,42862],{"id":42861},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42864,42865,42867],{},[15,42866,35096],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42869,42870,42873,42876,42879],{},[33,42871,42872],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42874,42875],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42877,42878],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42880,42881],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42883,42884,42885,42887],{},"So, ",[15,42886,35096],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42889,5767],{},[57,42891,42893],{"className":59,"code":42892,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42894,42895,42908,42932,42936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42896,42897,42899,42901,42903,42906],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42898,34756],{"class":72},[66,42900,77],{"class":76},[66,42902,97],{"class":84},[66,42904,42905],{"class":88},"a,b,c",[66,42907,376],{"class":84},[66,42909,42910,42913,42915,42918,42920,42922,42924,42926,42928,42930],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,42911,42912],{"class":72},"parts ",[66,42914,77],{"class":76},[66,42916,42917],{"class":72}," text",[66,42919,50],{"class":80},[66,42921,34537],{"class":137},[66,42923,158],{"class":80},[66,42925,85],{"class":84},[66,42927,105],{"class":88},[66,42929,85],{"class":84},[66,42931,163],{"class":80},[66,42933,42934],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,42935,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,42937,42938,42940,42942,42945],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,42939,155],{"class":154},[66,42941,158],{"class":80},[66,42943,42944],{"class":137},"parts",[66,42946,163],{"class":80},[20,42948,5854],{},[57,42950,42952],{"className":59,"code":42951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42953,42954],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,42955,42956,42958,42960,42962,42964,42966,42968,42970,42972,42974,42976,42978,42980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,42957,223],{"class":80},[66,42959,202],{"class":84},[66,42961,652],{"class":88},[66,42963,202],{"class":84},[66,42965,105],{"class":80},[66,42967,211],{"class":84},[66,42969,1903],{"class":88},[66,42971,202],{"class":84},[66,42973,105],{"class":80},[66,42975,211],{"class":84},[66,42977,10027],{"class":88},[66,42979,202],{"class":84},[66,42981,240],{"class":80},[20,42983,42984],{},"A good workflow is:",[28778,42986,42987,42992,42995,42998],{},[33,42988,243,42989,42991],{},[15,42990,35096],{}," to inspect something",[33,42993,42994],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42996,42997],{},"Check the result",[33,42999,43000],{},"Repeat",[52,43002,43004],{"id":43003},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43006,43007,4688,43009,43011],{},[15,43008,35096],{},[15,43010,34379],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1430,43013,43014],{"id":32219},[15,43015,35096],{},[20,43017,243,43018,43020],{},[15,43019,35096],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43022,43023],{},"It tells you:",[30,43025,43026,43029,43032],{},[33,43027,43028],{},"What something is",[33,43030,43031],{},"How to use it",[33,43033,43034],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1430,43036,43037],{"id":34440},[15,43038,34379],{},[20,43040,243,43041,43043],{},[15,43042,34379],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[57,43045,43047],{"className":59,"code":43046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dir(str)\n",[15,43048,43049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43050,43051,43053,43055,43057],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43052,34440],{"class":154},[66,43054,158],{"class":80},[66,43056,3737],{"class":173},[66,43058,163],{"class":80},[20,43060,43061,43062,2487,43064,17341,43066,50],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43063,34537],{},[15,43065,8927],{},[15,43067,8933],{},[20,43069,43070,43071,94],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43072,35096],{},[57,43074,43076],{"className":59,"code":43075,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43077,43078],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43079,43080,43082,43084,43086,43088,43090],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43081,32219],{"class":154},[66,43083,158],{"class":80},[66,43085,3737],{"class":173},[66,43087,50],{"class":80},[66,43089,8933],{"class":784},[66,43091,163],{"class":80},[20,43093,43094],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,43096,43097,43102],{},[33,43098,243,43099,43101],{},[15,43100,34379],{}," to discover options",[33,43103,243,43104,43106],{},[15,43105,35096],{}," to understand one option",[52,43108,1838],{"id":1837},[20,43110,43111,43112,50],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43113,35096],{},[1430,43115,1848,43117,43120,43121],{"id":43116},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43118,43119],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43122,43123],{},"help(len)",[20,43125,43126],{},"These are not always the same.",[57,43128,43130],{"className":59,"code":43129,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43131,43132,43142],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43133,43134,43136,43138,43140],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43135,32219],{"class":154},[66,43137,158],{"class":80},[66,43139,11445],{"class":154},[66,43141,163],{"class":80},[66,43143,43144,43146,43148,43150,43152,43154],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,43145,32219],{"class":154},[66,43147,158],{"class":80},[66,43149,202],{"class":84},[66,43151,11445],{"class":88},[66,43153,202],{"class":84},[66,43155,163],{"class":80},[20,43157,43158,43160],{},[15,43159,43123],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43162,43163,43165,43166,43169],{},[15,43164,43119],{}," treats ",[15,43167,43168],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1430,43171,43173],{"id":43172},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43175,43176,43178],{},[15,43177,35096],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43180,43181],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1430,43183,43185],{"id":43184},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43187,40417,43188,43190],{},[15,43189,35096],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43192,281],{},[57,43194,43196],{"className":59,"code":43195,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43197,43198,43208],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43199,43200,43202,43204,43206],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43201,32219],{"class":154},[66,43203,158],{"class":80},[66,43205,11445],{"class":154},[66,43207,163],{"class":80},[66,43209,43210,43212,43214,43216,43219,43221],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,43211,155],{"class":154},[66,43213,158],{"class":80},[66,43215,85],{"class":84},[66,43217,43218],{"class":88},"Done",[66,43220,85],{"class":84},[66,43222,163],{"class":80},[20,43224,43225],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1430,43227,37276,43229,8997,43231],{"id":43228},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43230,35096],{},[15,43232,34379],{},[20,43234,43235,43236,50],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43237,34379],{},[20,43239,43240,43241,50],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43242,35096],{},[52,43244,43246],{"id":43245},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43248,43249],{},"Open Python:",[57,43251,43252],{"className":59,"code":35612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,43253,43254],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43255,43256],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43257,35612],{"class":72},[20,43259,43260],{},"Then test these commands:",[57,43262,43264],{"className":59,"code":43263,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43265,43266,43276,43290,43304,43314,43329],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43267,43268,43270,43272,43274],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43269,32219],{"class":154},[66,43271,158],{"class":80},[66,43273,11445],{"class":154},[66,43275,163],{"class":80},[66,43277,43278,43280,43282,43284,43286,43288],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,43279,32219],{"class":154},[66,43281,158],{"class":80},[66,43283,3737],{"class":173},[66,43285,50],{"class":80},[66,43287,34537],{"class":784},[66,43289,163],{"class":80},[66,43291,43292,43294,43296,43298,43300,43302],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,43293,32219],{"class":154},[66,43295,158],{"class":80},[66,43297,174],{"class":173},[66,43299,50],{"class":80},[66,43301,13830],{"class":784},[66,43303,163],{"class":80},[66,43305,43306,43308,43310,43312],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,43307,32219],{"class":154},[66,43309,158],{"class":80},[66,43311,42502],{"class":154},[66,43313,163],{"class":80},[66,43315,43316,43318,43320,43322,43325,43327],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,43317,32219],{"class":154},[66,43319,158],{"class":80},[66,43321,202],{"class":84},[66,43323,43324],{"class":88},"keywords",[66,43326,202],{"class":84},[66,43328,163],{"class":80},[66,43330,43331,43333,43335,43337],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,43332,34440],{"class":154},[66,43334,158],{"class":80},[66,43336,3737],{"class":173},[66,43338,163],{"class":80},[20,43340,43341],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,43343,43344,43347,43350,43353,43356,43359],{},[33,43345,43346],{},"A built-in function",[33,43348,43349],{},"A string method",[33,43351,43352],{},"A list method",[33,43354,43355],{},"A built-in file function",[33,43357,43358],{},"A special help topic",[33,43360,15463,43361,43363],{},[15,43362,34379],{}," example for comparison",[52,43365,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,43367,43369],{"id":43368},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43371,43372],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1430,43374,43376],{"id":43375},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43378,43379,43380,43382],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43381,35096],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[57,43384,43386],{"className":59,"code":43385,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43387,43388,43400,43413,43432,43436],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43389,43390,43392,43394,43396,43398],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43391,34920],{"class":957},[66,43393,34924],{"class":34923},[66,43395,158],{"class":80},[66,43397,89],{"class":37735},[66,43399,8635],{"class":80},[66,43401,43402,43406,43410],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,43403,43405],{"class":43404},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[66,43407,43409],{"class":43408},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[66,43411,43412],{"class":43404},"\"\"\"\n",[66,43414,43415,43417,43420,43423,43425,43427,43429],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,43416,34931],{"class":1060},[66,43418,43419],{"class":957}," f",[66,43421,43422],{"class":88},"\"Hello, ",[66,43424,9569],{"class":117},[66,43426,89],{"class":72},[66,43428,22557],{"class":117},[66,43430,43431],{"class":88},"!\"\n",[66,43433,43434],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,43435,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,43437,43438,43440,43442,43444],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,43439,32219],{"class":154},[66,43441,158],{"class":80},[66,43443,34966],{"class":137},[66,43445,163],{"class":80},[1430,43447,43449],{"id":43448},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43451,43452,43454,43455,43457],{},[15,43453,43123],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43456,43119],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1430,43459,43461],{"id":43460},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43463,43464],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[52,43466,2183],{"id":2182},[30,43468,43469,43474,43478,43483,43488],{},[33,43470,43471],{},[652,43472,43473],{"href":42681},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43475,43476],{},[652,43477,8735],{"href":2596},[33,43479,43480],{},[652,43481,43482],{"href":42433},"Python len() function explained",[33,43484,43485],{},[652,43486,43487],{"href":42728},"How import works in Python",[33,43489,43490],{},[652,43491,35226],{"href":42733},[20,43493,43494,43495,43497,43498,2487,43500,17341,43502,43504,43505,3176,43508,43511],{},"Try ",[15,43496,35096],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43499,11445],{},[15,43501,155],{},[15,43503,42538],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43506,43507],{},"dir(str)",[15,43509,43510],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2222,43513,43514],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":43516},[43517,43518,43519,43520,43526,43527,43528,43529,43533,43541,43542,43548],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":42398,"depth":124,"text":42399},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":42523,"depth":124,"text":42524,"children":43521},[43522,43523,43524,43525],{"id":42527,"depth":144,"text":42528},{"id":42580,"depth":144,"text":42581},{"id":34574,"depth":144,"text":42418},{"id":34727,"depth":144,"text":42421},{"id":34986,"depth":124,"text":34987},{"id":42800,"depth":124,"text":42801},{"id":42861,"depth":124,"text":42862},{"id":43003,"depth":124,"text":43004,"children":43530},[43531,43532],{"id":32219,"depth":144,"text":35096},{"id":34440,"depth":144,"text":34379},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":43534},[43535,43537,43538,43539],{"id":43116,"depth":144,"text":43536},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43172,"depth":144,"text":43173},{"id":43184,"depth":144,"text":43185},{"id":43228,"depth":144,"text":43540},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43245,"depth":124,"text":43246},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":43543},[43544,43545,43546,43547],{"id":43368,"depth":144,"text":43369},{"id":43375,"depth":144,"text":43376},{"id":43448,"depth":144,"text":43449},{"id":43460,"depth":144,"text":43461},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42327,"description":43549},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43555,"title":43556,"body":43557,"description":44919,"extension":2260,"meta":44920,"navigation":147,"path":44921,"seo":44922,"stem":44923,"__hash__":44924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43558,"toc":44892},[43559,43565,43570,43576,43586,43645,43655,43666,43671,43677,43679,43697,43705,43707,43709,43724,43727,43738,43740,43831,43834,43838,43843,43864,43866,43977,43979,44006,44017,44021,44024,44107,44109,44117,44123,44129,44133,44136,44246,44248,44261,44264,44278,44286,44293,44298,44312,44318,44431,44433,44494,44497,44503,44509,44512,44534,44537,44607,44610,44642,44649,44651,44654,44672,44675,44687,44693,44695,44700,44726,44729,44801,44803,44809,44812,44818,44821,44827,44837,44843,44846,44853,44856,44858,44889],[10,43560,3870,43562,3874],{"id":43561},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43563,43564],{},"id()",[20,43566,32384,43567,43569],{},[15,43568,43564],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43571,43572,43573,43575],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43574,43564],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43577,243,43578,43580,43581,43583,43584,50],{},[15,43579,43564],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[185,43582,4926],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43585,4984],{},[57,43587,43589],{"className":59,"code":43588,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43590,43591,43603,43617,43621,43631],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43592,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43594,8170],{"class":72},[66,43596,77],{"class":76},[66,43598,97],{"class":84},[66,43600,7590],{"class":88},[66,43602,376],{"class":84},[66,43604,43605,43607,43609,43611,43613,43615],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,43606,155],{"class":154},[66,43608,158],{"class":80},[66,43610,12931],{"class":154},[66,43612,158],{"class":80},[66,43614,89],{"class":137},[66,43616,181],{"class":80},[66,43618,43619],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,43620,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,43622,43623,43626,43628],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,43624,43625],{"class":72},"other ",[66,43627,77],{"class":76},[66,43629,43630],{"class":72}," name\n",[66,43632,43633,43635,43637,43639,43641,43643],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,43634,155],{"class":154},[66,43636,158],{"class":80},[66,43638,12931],{"class":154},[66,43640,158],{"class":80},[66,43642,30809],{"class":137},[66,43644,181],{"class":80},[20,43646,43647,43648,43651,43652,43654],{},"In this example, ",[15,43649,43650],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43653,43564],{}," values match.",[43656,43657,43658],"blockquote",{},[20,43659,243,43660,43662,43663,43665],{},[15,43661,43564],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43664,4984],{}," for value comparison.",[52,43667,250,43669,253],{"id":43668},"what-id-does",[15,43670,43564],{},[20,43672,43673,43676],{},[15,43674,43675],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43678,13332],{},[30,43680,43681,43684,43691,43694],{},[33,43682,43683],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43685,43686,43687,43690],{},"It shows ",[185,43688,43689],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43692,43693],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43695,43696],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43698,43699,43700,43704],{},"This is closely related to how ",[652,43701,43703],{"href":43702},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[52,43706,2455],{"id":2454},[20,43708,5729],{},[57,43710,43712],{"className":59,"code":43711,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"id(object)\n",[15,43713,43714],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43715,43716,43718,43720,43722],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43717,12931],{"class":154},[66,43719,158],{"class":80},[66,43721,42474],{"class":173},[66,43723,163],{"class":80},[20,43725,43726],{},"Important details:",[30,43728,43729,43732,43735],{},[33,43730,43731],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43733,43734],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43736,43737],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43739,281],{},[57,43741,43743],{"className":59,"code":43742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43744,43745,43757,43765,43785,43789,43803,43817],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43746,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43748,34756],{"class":72},[66,43750,77],{"class":76},[66,43752,97],{"class":84},[66,43754,4139],{"class":88},[66,43756,376],{"class":84},[66,43758,43759,43761,43763],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,43760,2515],{"class":72},[66,43762,77],{"class":76},[66,43764,3068],{"class":117},[66,43766,43767,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,43768,8073],{"class":72},[66,43770,77],{"class":76},[66,43772,1711],{"class":80},[66,43774,1714],{"class":117},[66,43776,105],{"class":80},[66,43778,1719],{"class":117},[66,43780,105],{"class":80},[66,43782,1724],{"class":117},[66,43784,240],{"class":80},[66,43786,43787],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,43788,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,43790,43791,43793,43795,43797,43799,43801],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,43792,155],{"class":154},[66,43794,158],{"class":80},[66,43796,12931],{"class":154},[66,43798,158],{"class":80},[66,43800,34777],{"class":137},[66,43802,181],{"class":80},[66,43804,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813,43815],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,43806,155],{"class":154},[66,43808,158],{"class":80},[66,43810,12931],{"class":154},[66,43812,158],{"class":80},[66,43814,2537],{"class":137},[66,43816,181],{"class":80},[66,43818,43819,43821,43823,43825,43827,43829],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,43820,155],{"class":154},[66,43822,158],{"class":80},[66,43824,12931],{"class":154},[66,43826,158],{"class":80},[66,43828,8103],{"class":137},[66,43830,181],{"class":80},[20,43832,43833],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[52,43835,43837],{"id":43836},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43839,43840,43841,50],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43842,43564],{},[30,43844,43845,43852,43859],{},[33,43846,43847,43849,43850],{},[15,43848,4984],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[185,43851,2771],{},[33,43853,43854,43856,43857],{},[15,43855,12475],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[185,43858,42474],{},[33,43860,43861,43863],{},[15,43862,43564],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43865,281],{},[57,43867,43869],{"className":59,"code":43868,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43870,43871,43891,43911,43915,43932,43949,43963],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,43872,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,43874,2853],{"class":72},[66,43876,77],{"class":76},[66,43878,1711],{"class":80},[66,43880,1714],{"class":117},[66,43882,105],{"class":80},[66,43884,1719],{"class":117},[66,43886,105],{"class":80},[66,43888,1724],{"class":117},[66,43890,240],{"class":80},[66,43892,43893,43895,43897,43899,43901,43903,43905,43907,43909],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,43894,2881],{"class":72},[66,43896,77],{"class":76},[66,43898,1711],{"class":80},[66,43900,1714],{"class":117},[66,43902,105],{"class":80},[66,43904,1719],{"class":117},[66,43906,105],{"class":80},[66,43908,1724],{"class":117},[66,43910,240],{"class":80},[66,43912,43913],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,43914,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,43916,43917,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,43918,155],{"class":154},[66,43920,158],{"class":80},[66,43922,2853],{"class":137},[66,43924,4984],{"class":76},[66,43926,2858],{"class":137},[66,43928,3954],{"class":80},[66,43930,43931],{"class":1945},"   # True\n",[66,43933,43934,43936,43938,43940,43942,43944,43946],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,43935,155],{"class":154},[66,43937,158],{"class":80},[66,43939,2853],{"class":137},[66,43941,12475],{"class":1060},[66,43943,2858],{"class":137},[66,43945,3954],{"class":80},[66,43947,43948],{"class":1945},"   # False\n",[66,43950,43951,43953,43955,43957,43959,43961],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,43952,155],{"class":154},[66,43954,158],{"class":80},[66,43956,12931],{"class":154},[66,43958,158],{"class":80},[66,43960,652],{"class":137},[66,43962,181],{"class":80},[66,43964,43965,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,43966,155],{"class":154},[66,43968,158],{"class":80},[66,43970,12931],{"class":154},[66,43972,158],{"class":80},[66,43974,1903],{"class":137},[66,43976,181],{"class":80},[20,43978,2476],{},[30,43980,43981,43989,43997],{},[33,43982,43983,5079,43986,43988],{},[15,43984,43985],{},"a == b",[15,43987,1386],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43990,43991,5079,43994,43996],{},[15,43992,43993],{},"a is b",[15,43995,3967],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43998,43999,4688,44002,44005],{},[15,44000,44001],{},"id(a)",[15,44003,44004],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44007,44008,44009,4688,44013,50],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[652,44010,44012],{"href":44011},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[652,44014,44016],{"href":44015},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[52,44018,44020],{"id":44019},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44022,44023],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[57,44025,44027],{"className":59,"code":44026,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44028,44029,44049,44059,44063,44077,44092],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44030,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44032,1706],{"class":72},[66,44034,77],{"class":76},[66,44036,1711],{"class":80},[66,44038,2628],{"class":117},[66,44040,105],{"class":80},[66,44042,118],{"class":117},[66,44044,105],{"class":80},[66,44046,8088],{"class":117},[66,44048,240],{"class":80},[66,44050,44051,44054,44056],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44052,44053],{"class":72},"other_numbers ",[66,44055,77],{"class":76},[66,44057,44058],{"class":72}," numbers\n",[66,44060,44061],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,44062,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,44064,44065,44067,44069,44071,44073,44075],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,44066,155],{"class":154},[66,44068,158],{"class":80},[66,44070,12931],{"class":154},[66,44072,158],{"class":80},[66,44074,1735],{"class":137},[66,44076,181],{"class":80},[66,44078,44079,44081,44083,44085,44087,44090],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,44080,155],{"class":154},[66,44082,158],{"class":80},[66,44084,12931],{"class":154},[66,44086,158],{"class":80},[66,44088,44089],{"class":137},"other_numbers",[66,44091,181],{"class":80},[66,44093,44094,44096,44098,44100,44102,44105],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,44095,155],{"class":154},[66,44097,158],{"class":80},[66,44099,1706],{"class":137},[66,44101,12475],{"class":1060},[66,44103,44104],{"class":137}," other_numbers",[66,44106,163],{"class":80},[20,44108,5854],{},[57,44110,44111],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,44112,44113],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44114,44115],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44116,4272],{"class":4146},[20,44118,44119,44120,44122],{},"The two ",[15,44121,43564],{}," values will also match.",[20,44124,22444,44125,44128],{},[15,44126,44127],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[52,44130,44132],{"id":44131},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44134,44135],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[57,44137,44139],{"className":59,"code":44138,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44140,44141,44162,44183,44187,44202,44216,44231],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44142,44143,44146,44148,44150,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44144,44145],{"class":72},"list_a ",[66,44147,77],{"class":76},[66,44149,1711],{"class":80},[66,44151,1714],{"class":117},[66,44153,105],{"class":80},[66,44155,1719],{"class":117},[66,44157,105],{"class":80},[66,44159,1724],{"class":117},[66,44161,240],{"class":80},[66,44163,44164,44167,44169,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44181],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44165,44166],{"class":72},"list_b ",[66,44168,77],{"class":76},[66,44170,1711],{"class":80},[66,44172,1714],{"class":117},[66,44174,105],{"class":80},[66,44176,1719],{"class":117},[66,44178,105],{"class":80},[66,44180,1724],{"class":117},[66,44182,240],{"class":80},[66,44184,44185],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,44186,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,44188,44189,44191,44193,44195,44197,44200],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,44190,155],{"class":154},[66,44192,158],{"class":80},[66,44194,44145],{"class":137},[66,44196,4984],{"class":76},[66,44198,44199],{"class":137}," list_b",[66,44201,163],{"class":80},[66,44203,44204,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,44205,155],{"class":154},[66,44207,158],{"class":80},[66,44209,44145],{"class":137},[66,44211,12475],{"class":1060},[66,44213,44199],{"class":137},[66,44215,163],{"class":80},[66,44217,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226,44229],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,44219,155],{"class":154},[66,44221,158],{"class":80},[66,44223,12931],{"class":154},[66,44225,158],{"class":80},[66,44227,44228],{"class":137},"list_a",[66,44230,181],{"class":80},[66,44232,44233,44235,44237,44239,44241,44244],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,44234,155],{"class":154},[66,44236,158],{"class":80},[66,44238,12931],{"class":154},[66,44240,158],{"class":80},[66,44242,44243],{"class":137},"list_b",[66,44245,181],{"class":80},[20,44247,5854],{},[57,44249,44251],{"className":59,"code":44250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44252,44253,44257],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44254,44255],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44256,4272],{"class":4146},[66,44258,44259],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44260,4333],{"class":4146},[20,44262,44263],{},"What this means:",[30,44265,44266,44269,44272],{},[33,44267,44268],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,44270,44271],{},"They are not the same object",[33,44273,44274,44275,44277],{},"Their ",[15,44276,43564],{}," values are usually different",[20,44279,44280,44281,44283,44284,50],{},"This is why ",[15,44282,43564],{}," should not replace ",[15,44285,4984],{},[52,44287,44289,44290,44292],{"id":44288},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44291,43564],{}," is useful",[20,44294,44295,44297],{},[15,44296,43564],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,44299,44300,44303,44306,44309],{},[33,44301,44302],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,44304,44305],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,44307,44308],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,44310,44311],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44313,44314,44315,44317],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44316,43564],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[57,44319,44321],{"className":59,"code":44320,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44322,44323,44347,44356,44360,44379,44383,44393,44403,44417],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44324,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44326,12367],{"class":72},[66,44328,77],{"class":76},[66,44330,1711],{"class":80},[66,44332,85],{"class":84},[66,44334,652],{"class":88},[66,44336,85],{"class":84},[66,44338,105],{"class":80},[66,44340,97],{"class":84},[66,44342,1903],{"class":88},[66,44344,85],{"class":84},[66,44346,240],{"class":80},[66,44348,44349,44352,44354],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44350,44351],{"class":72},"copy_ref ",[66,44353,77],{"class":76},[66,44355,12405],{"class":72},[66,44357,44358],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,44359,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,44361,44362,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375,44377],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,44363,44364],{"class":72},"copy_ref",[66,44366,50],{"class":80},[66,44368,13830],{"class":137},[66,44370,158],{"class":80},[66,44372,85],{"class":84},[66,44374,10027],{"class":88},[66,44376,85],{"class":84},[66,44378,163],{"class":80},[66,44380,44381],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,44382,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,44384,44385,44387,44389,44391],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,44386,155],{"class":154},[66,44388,158],{"class":80},[66,44390,12414],{"class":137},[66,44392,163],{"class":80},[66,44394,44395,44397,44399,44401],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,44396,155],{"class":154},[66,44398,158],{"class":80},[66,44400,44364],{"class":137},[66,44402,163],{"class":80},[66,44404,44405,44407,44409,44411,44413,44415],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,44406,155],{"class":154},[66,44408,158],{"class":80},[66,44410,12931],{"class":154},[66,44412,158],{"class":80},[66,44414,12414],{"class":137},[66,44416,181],{"class":80},[66,44418,44419,44421,44423,44425,44427,44429],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,44420,155],{"class":154},[66,44422,158],{"class":80},[66,44424,12931],{"class":154},[66,44426,158],{"class":80},[66,44428,44364],{"class":137},[66,44430,181],{"class":80},[20,44432,5854],{},[57,44434,44436],{"className":59,"code":44435,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44437,44438,44466],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44439,44440,44442,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456,44458,44460,44462,44464],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44441,223],{"class":80},[66,44443,202],{"class":84},[66,44445,652],{"class":88},[66,44447,202],{"class":84},[66,44449,105],{"class":80},[66,44451,211],{"class":84},[66,44453,1903],{"class":88},[66,44455,202],{"class":84},[66,44457,105],{"class":80},[66,44459,211],{"class":84},[66,44461,10027],{"class":88},[66,44463,202],{"class":84},[66,44465,240],{"class":80},[66,44467,44468,44470,44472,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44469,223],{"class":80},[66,44471,202],{"class":84},[66,44473,652],{"class":88},[66,44475,202],{"class":84},[66,44477,105],{"class":80},[66,44479,211],{"class":84},[66,44481,1903],{"class":88},[66,44483,202],{"class":84},[66,44485,105],{"class":80},[66,44487,211],{"class":84},[66,44489,10027],{"class":88},[66,44491,202],{"class":84},[66,44493,240],{"class":80},[20,44495,44496],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[52,44498,44500,44501],{"id":44499},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44502,43564],{},[20,44504,44505,44506,44508],{},"Do not use ",[15,44507,43564],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44510,44511],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44513,44514,44520,44526,44529],{},[33,44515,44516,44517,44519],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44518,4984],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44521,44522,44523,44525],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44524,43564],{}," values across program runs",[33,44527,44528],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44530,44531,44532],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44533,43564],{},[20,44535,44536],{},"Bad example:",[57,44538,44540],{"className":59,"code":44539,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44541,44542,44554,44566,44570,44592],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44543,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44545,2853],{"class":72},[66,44547,77],{"class":76},[66,44549,97],{"class":84},[66,44551,37119],{"class":88},[66,44553,376],{"class":84},[66,44555,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44557,2881],{"class":72},[66,44559,77],{"class":76},[66,44561,97],{"class":84},[66,44563,37119],{"class":88},[66,44565,376],{"class":84},[66,44567,44568],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,44569,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,44571,44572,44574,44576,44578,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588,44590],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,44573,7291],{"class":1060},[66,44575,15092],{"class":154},[66,44577,158],{"class":80},[66,44579,652],{"class":137},[66,44581,3954],{"class":80},[66,44583,6700],{"class":76},[66,44585,15092],{"class":154},[66,44587,158],{"class":80},[66,44589,1903],{"class":137},[66,44591,8635],{"class":80},[66,44593,44594,44596,44598,44600,44603,44605],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,44595,1081],{"class":154},[66,44597,158],{"class":80},[66,44599,85],{"class":84},[66,44601,44602],{"class":88},"The values are equal",[66,44604,85],{"class":84},[66,44606,163],{"class":80},[20,44608,44609],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[57,44611,44613],{"className":59,"code":44612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44614,44615,44628],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44616,44617,44619,44622,44624,44626],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44618,7291],{"class":1060},[66,44620,44621],{"class":72}," a ",[66,44623,4984],{"class":76},[66,44625,2858],{"class":72},[66,44627,1133],{"class":80},[66,44629,44630,44632,44634,44636,44638,44640],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44631,1081],{"class":154},[66,44633,158],{"class":80},[66,44635,85],{"class":84},[66,44637,44602],{"class":88},[66,44639,85],{"class":84},[66,44641,163],{"class":80},[20,44643,243,44644,3176,44646,44648],{},[15,44645,12475],{},[15,44647,43564],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[52,44650,21060],{"id":21059},[20,44652,44653],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44655,44656,44659,44662,44667],{},[33,44657,44658],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44660,44661],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44663,44664,44665],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44666,43564],{},[33,44668,44669,44670],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44671,43564],{},[20,44673,44674],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44676,44677,44682],{},[33,44678,243,44679,44681],{},[15,44680,4984],{}," to check value",[33,44683,243,44684,44686],{},[15,44685,12475],{}," to check identity",[20,44688,44689,44690,44692],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44691,43564],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[52,44694,1838],{"id":1837},[20,44696,44697,44698,94],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44699,43564],{},[30,44701,44702,44710,44713,44716,44721],{},[33,44703,1848,44704,44706,44707,44709],{},[15,44705,43564],{}," when ",[15,44708,4984],{}," should be used",[33,44711,44712],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44714,44715],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44717,44718,44719],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44720,43564],{},[33,44722,1848,44723,44725],{},[15,44724,43564],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44727,44728],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[57,44730,44732],{"className":59,"code":44731,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44733,44734,44749,44763,44777,44791],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44735,44736,44738,44740,44742,44744,44747],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44737,155],{"class":154},[66,44739,158],{"class":80},[66,44741,12931],{"class":154},[66,44743,158],{"class":80},[66,44745,44746],{"class":137},"my_object",[66,44748,181],{"class":80},[66,44750,44751,44753,44755,44757,44759,44761],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44752,155],{"class":154},[66,44754,158],{"class":80},[66,44756,2853],{"class":137},[66,44758,4984],{"class":76},[66,44760,2858],{"class":137},[66,44762,163],{"class":80},[66,44764,44765,44767,44769,44771,44773,44775],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,44766,155],{"class":154},[66,44768,158],{"class":80},[66,44770,2853],{"class":137},[66,44772,12475],{"class":1060},[66,44774,2858],{"class":137},[66,44776,163],{"class":80},[66,44778,44779,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,44780,155],{"class":154},[66,44782,158],{"class":80},[66,44784,912],{"class":173},[66,44786,158],{"class":80},[66,44788,44746],{"class":137},[66,44790,181],{"class":80},[66,44792,44793,44795,44797,44799],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,44794,32219],{"class":154},[66,44796,158],{"class":80},[66,44798,12931],{"class":154},[66,44800,163],{"class":80},[52,44802,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,44804,44806,44807,12998],{"id":44805},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44808,43564],{},[20,44810,44811],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1430,44813,2131,44815,44817],{"id":44814},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44816,43564],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44819,44820],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1430,44822,21678,44824,44826],{"id":44823},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44825,43564],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44828,30336,44829,44831,44832,3176,44834,44836],{},[15,44830,4984],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44833,43564],{},[15,44835,12475],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1430,44838,44840,44841,2151],{"id":44839},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44842,43564],{},[20,44844,44845],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1430,44847,44849,44850,44852],{"id":44848},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44851,43564],{}," values?",[20,44854,44855],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[52,44857,2183],{"id":2182},[30,44859,44860,44865,44870,44875,44883],{},[33,44861,44862],{},[652,44863,44864],{"href":43702},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44866,44867],{},[652,44868,44869],{"href":44011},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44871,44872],{},[652,44873,44874],{"href":44015},"Python data types overview",[33,44876,44877],{},[652,44878,3870,44880,3803],{"href":44879},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44881,44882],{},"isinstance()",[33,44884,44885],{},[652,44886,44888],{"href":44887},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2222,44890,44891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":44893},[44894,44896,44897,44898,44899,44900,44902,44904,44905,44906,44918],{"id":43668,"depth":124,"text":44895},"What id() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":43836,"depth":124,"text":43837},{"id":44019,"depth":124,"text":44020},{"id":44131,"depth":124,"text":44132},{"id":44288,"depth":124,"text":44901},"When id() is useful",{"id":44499,"depth":124,"text":44903},"When not to use id()",{"id":21059,"depth":124,"text":21060},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":44907},[44908,44910,44912,44914,44916],{"id":44805,"depth":144,"text":44909},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44814,"depth":144,"text":44911},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44823,"depth":144,"text":44913},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44839,"depth":144,"text":44915},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44848,"depth":144,"text":44917},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43556,"description":44919},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44926,"title":42269,"body":44927,"description":46567,"extension":2260,"meta":46568,"navigation":147,"path":46569,"seo":46570,"stem":46571,"__hash__":46572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44928,"toc":46533},[44929,44934,44939,44942,44944,44987,44992,44995,45000,45005,45008,45024,45026,45070,45072,45099,45101,45116,45118,45120,45122,45138,45140,45152,45155,45189,45192,45217,45222,45224,45229,45233,45236,45238,45286,45288,45321,45327,45338,45340,45392,45394,45425,45427,45431,45435,45478,45484,45490,45542,45550,45555,45559,45650,45652,45685,45688,45690,45750,45752,45778,45788,45790,45794,45799,45804,45806,45843,45845,45864,45867,45871,45874,45930,45942,45951,45953,45980,45988,45995,45999,46002,46039,46042,46048,46085,46087,46091,46097,46115,46120,46168,46172,46261,46264,46271,46273,46275,46280,46298,46300,46343,46349,46366,46368,46430,46432,46434,46440,46448,46454,46460,46469,46479,46483,46491,46493,46495,46530],[10,44930,3870,44932,3874],{"id":44931},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44933,3256],{},[20,44935,2277,44936,44938],{},[15,44937,3256],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44940,44941],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[52,44943,55],{"id":54},[57,44945,44947],{"className":59,"code":44946,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44948,44949,44968],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,44950,44951,44953,44955,44957,44959,44961,44964,44966],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,44952,8170],{"class":72},[66,44954,77],{"class":76},[66,44956,8535],{"class":154},[66,44958,158],{"class":80},[66,44960,85],{"class":84},[66,44962,44963],{"class":88},"Enter your name: ",[66,44965,85],{"class":84},[66,44967,163],{"class":80},[66,44969,44970,44972,44974,44976,44979,44981,44983,44985],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,44971,155],{"class":154},[66,44973,158],{"class":80},[66,44975,85],{"class":84},[66,44977,44978],{"class":88},"Hello, ",[66,44980,85],{"class":84},[66,44982,2752],{"class":76},[66,44984,36062],{"class":137},[66,44986,163],{"class":80},[20,44988,243,44989,44991],{},[15,44990,3256],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44993,44994],"hr",{},[52,44996,250,44998,253],{"id":44997},"what-input-does",[15,44999,3256],{},[20,45001,45002,45004],{},[15,45003,3256],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45006,45007],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,45009,45010,45015,45018,45021],{},[33,45011,45012,45014],{},[15,45013,3256],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,45016,45017],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,45019,45020],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,45022,45023],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45025,281],{},[57,45027,45029],{"className":59,"code":45028,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45030,45031,45051],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45032,45033,45036,45038,45040,45042,45044,45047,45049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45034,45035],{"class":72},"color ",[66,45037,77],{"class":76},[66,45039,8535],{"class":154},[66,45041,158],{"class":80},[66,45043,85],{"class":84},[66,45045,45046],{"class":88},"What is your favorite color? ",[66,45048,85],{"class":84},[66,45050,163],{"class":80},[66,45052,45053,45055,45057,45059,45062,45064,45066,45068],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45054,155],{"class":154},[66,45056,158],{"class":80},[66,45058,85],{"class":84},[66,45060,45061],{"class":88},"Your favorite color is",[66,45063,85],{"class":84},[66,45065,105],{"class":80},[66,45067,35921],{"class":137},[66,45069,163],{"class":80},[20,45071,30095],{},[57,45073,45075],{"className":59,"code":45074,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45076,45077,45090],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45078,45079,45081,45083,45086,45088],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45080,250],{"class":72},[66,45082,12475],{"class":76},[66,45084,45085],{"class":72}," your favorite color",[66,45087,2151],{"class":37439},[66,45089,35951],{"class":72},[66,45091,45092,45095,45097],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45093,45094],{"class":72},"Your favorite color ",[66,45096,12475],{"class":76},[66,45098,35951],{"class":72},[20,45100,20216],{},[30,45102,45103,45108,45113],{},[33,45104,45105,45106],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45107,45046],{},[33,45109,45110,45111],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45112,32958],{},[33,45114,45115],{},"That value is then printed",[44993,45117],{},[52,45119,2455],{"id":2454},[20,45121,7511],{},[57,45123,45125],{"className":59,"code":45124,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45126,45127],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45128,45129,45131,45133,45136],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45130,42538],{"class":154},[66,45132,158],{"class":80},[66,45134,45135],{"class":137},"prompt",[66,45137,163],{"class":80},[20,45139,261],{},[30,45141,45142,45146,45149],{},[33,45143,2277,45144,20298],{},[15,45145,45135],{},[33,45147,45148],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,45150,45151],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45153,45154],{},"Example with a prompt:",[57,45156,45158],{"className":59,"code":45157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45159,45160,45179],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45161,45162,45164,45166,45168,45170,45172,45175,45177],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45163,8255],{"class":72},[66,45165,77],{"class":76},[66,45167,8535],{"class":154},[66,45169,158],{"class":80},[66,45171,85],{"class":84},[66,45173,45174],{"class":88},"Enter your username: ",[66,45176,85],{"class":84},[66,45178,163],{"class":80},[66,45180,45181,45183,45185,45187],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45182,155],{"class":154},[66,45184,158],{"class":80},[66,45186,8279],{"class":137},[66,45188,163],{"class":80},[20,45190,45191],{},"Example without a prompt:",[57,45193,45195],{"className":59,"code":45194,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45196,45197,45207],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45198,45199,45201,45203,45205],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45200,2745],{"class":72},[66,45202,77],{"class":76},[66,45204,8535],{"class":154},[66,45206,141],{"class":80},[66,45208,45209,45211,45213,45215],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45210,155],{"class":154},[66,45212,158],{"class":80},[66,45214,2771],{"class":137},[66,45216,163],{"class":80},[20,45218,8056,45219,45221],{},[15,45220,3256],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44993,45223],{},[52,45225,250,45227,2108],{"id":45226},"what-input-returns",[15,45228,3256],{},[20,45230,45231,8518],{},[15,45232,3256],{},[20,45234,45235],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45237,281],{},[57,45239,45241],{"className":59,"code":45240,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45242,45243,45262,45272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45244,45245,45247,45249,45251,45253,45255,45258,45260],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45246,21885],{"class":72},[66,45248,77],{"class":76},[66,45250,8535],{"class":154},[66,45252,158],{"class":80},[66,45254,85],{"class":84},[66,45256,45257],{"class":88},"Enter your age: ",[66,45259,85],{"class":84},[66,45261,163],{"class":80},[66,45263,45264,45266,45268,45270],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45265,155],{"class":154},[66,45267,158],{"class":80},[66,45269,110],{"class":137},[66,45271,163],{"class":80},[66,45273,45274,45276,45278,45280,45282,45284],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45275,155],{"class":154},[66,45277,158],{"class":80},[66,45279,912],{"class":173},[66,45281,158],{"class":80},[66,45283,110],{"class":137},[66,45285,181],{"class":80},[20,45287,30095],{},[57,45289,45291],{"className":59,"code":45290,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45292,45293,45303,45307],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45294,45295,45298,45300],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45296,45297],{"class":72},"Enter your age",[66,45299,94],{"class":80},[66,45301,45302],{"class":117}," 25\n",[66,45304,45305],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45306,3008],{"class":117},[66,45308,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317,45319],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45310,954],{"class":76},[66,45312,958],{"class":957},[66,45314,211],{"class":84},[66,45316,3737],{"class":88},[66,45318,202],{"class":84},[66,45320,967],{"class":76},[20,45322,45323,45324,45326],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45325,9485],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45328,45329,45330,3176,45334,50],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[652,45331,45332],{"href":3172},[15,45333,3175],{},[652,45335,45336],{"href":3179},[15,45337,3182],{},[20,45339,281],{},[57,45341,45343],{"className":59,"code":45342,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45344,45345,45368,45378],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45346,45347,45349,45351,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362,45364,45366],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45348,21885],{"class":72},[66,45350,77],{"class":76},[66,45352,45353],{"class":173}," int",[66,45355,158],{"class":80},[66,45357,42538],{"class":154},[66,45359,158],{"class":80},[66,45361,85],{"class":84},[66,45363,45257],{"class":88},[66,45365,85],{"class":84},[66,45367,181],{"class":80},[66,45369,45370,45372,45374,45376],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45371,155],{"class":154},[66,45373,158],{"class":80},[66,45375,110],{"class":137},[66,45377,163],{"class":80},[66,45379,45380,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45381,155],{"class":154},[66,45383,158],{"class":80},[66,45385,912],{"class":173},[66,45387,158],{"class":80},[66,45389,110],{"class":137},[66,45391,181],{"class":80},[20,45393,30095],{},[57,45395,45397],{"className":59,"code":45396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45398,45399,45407,45411],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45400,45401,45403,45405],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45402,45297],{"class":72},[66,45404,94],{"class":80},[66,45406,45302],{"class":117},[66,45408,45409],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45410,3008],{"class":117},[66,45412,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421,45423],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45414,954],{"class":76},[66,45416,958],{"class":957},[66,45418,211],{"class":84},[66,45420,2486],{"class":88},[66,45422,202],{"class":84},[66,45424,967],{"class":76},[44993,45426],{},[52,45428,45430],{"id":45429},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1430,45432,45434],{"id":45433},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[57,45436,45438],{"className":59,"code":45437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45439,45440,45459],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45441,45442,45444,45446,45448,45450,45452,45455,45457],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45443,8170],{"class":72},[66,45445,77],{"class":76},[66,45447,8535],{"class":154},[66,45449,158],{"class":80},[66,45451,85],{"class":84},[66,45453,45454],{"class":88},"What is your name? ",[66,45456,85],{"class":84},[66,45458,163],{"class":80},[66,45460,45461,45463,45465,45467,45470,45472,45474,45476],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45462,155],{"class":154},[66,45464,158],{"class":80},[66,45466,85],{"class":84},[66,45468,45469],{"class":88},"Hello,",[66,45471,85],{"class":84},[66,45473,105],{"class":80},[66,45475,36062],{"class":137},[66,45477,163],{"class":80},[20,45479,45480,45481,45483],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45482,89],{}," and prints it.",[1430,45485,45487,45488],{"id":45486},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45489,3175],{},[57,45491,45493],{"className":59,"code":45492,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45494,45495,45518],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45496,45497,45499,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45514,45516],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45498,21885],{"class":72},[66,45500,77],{"class":76},[66,45502,45353],{"class":173},[66,45504,158],{"class":80},[66,45506,42538],{"class":154},[66,45508,158],{"class":80},[66,45510,85],{"class":84},[66,45512,45513],{"class":88},"How old are you? ",[66,45515,85],{"class":84},[66,45517,181],{"class":80},[66,45519,45520,45522,45524,45526,45529,45531,45533,45536,45538,45540],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45521,155],{"class":154},[66,45523,158],{"class":80},[66,45525,85],{"class":84},[66,45527,45528],{"class":88},"Next year you will be",[66,45530,85],{"class":84},[66,45532,105],{"class":80},[66,45534,45535],{"class":137}," age ",[66,45537,2357],{"class":76},[66,45539,1896],{"class":117},[66,45541,163],{"class":80},[20,45543,6353,45544,45546,45547,45549],{},[15,45545,3175],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45548,3256],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45551,45552,45553,50],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[652,45554,9274],{"href":9273},[1430,45556,45558],{"id":45557},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[57,45560,45562],{"className":59,"code":45561,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45563,45564,45588,45612,45626,45630],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45565,45566,45569,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581,45584,45586],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45567,45568],{"class":72},"num1 ",[66,45570,77],{"class":76},[66,45572,45353],{"class":173},[66,45574,158],{"class":80},[66,45576,42538],{"class":154},[66,45578,158],{"class":80},[66,45580,85],{"class":84},[66,45582,45583],{"class":88},"Enter the first number: ",[66,45585,85],{"class":84},[66,45587,181],{"class":80},[66,45589,45590,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605,45608,45610],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45591,45592],{"class":72},"num2 ",[66,45594,77],{"class":76},[66,45596,45353],{"class":173},[66,45598,158],{"class":80},[66,45600,42538],{"class":154},[66,45602,158],{"class":80},[66,45604,85],{"class":84},[66,45606,45607],{"class":88},"Enter the second number: ",[66,45609,85],{"class":84},[66,45611,181],{"class":80},[66,45613,45614,45616,45618,45621,45623],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45615,41257],{"class":72},[66,45617,77],{"class":76},[66,45619,45620],{"class":72}," num1 ",[66,45622,2357],{"class":76},[66,45624,45625],{"class":72}," num2\n",[66,45627,45628],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,45629,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,45631,45632,45634,45636,45638,45641,45643,45645,45648],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,45633,155],{"class":154},[66,45635,158],{"class":80},[66,45637,85],{"class":84},[66,45639,45640],{"class":88},"Total:",[66,45642,85],{"class":84},[66,45644,105],{"class":80},[66,45646,45647],{"class":137}," total",[66,45649,163],{"class":80},[20,45651,30095],{},[57,45653,45655],{"className":59,"code":45654,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45656,45657,45667,45676],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45658,45659,45662,45664],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45660,45661],{"class":72},"Enter the first number",[66,45663,94],{"class":80},[66,45665,45666],{"class":117}," 2\n",[66,45668,45669,45672,45674],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45670,45671],{"class":72},"Enter the second number",[66,45673,94],{"class":80},[66,45675,2876],{"class":117},[66,45677,45678,45681,45683],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45679,45680],{"class":72},"Total",[66,45682,94],{"class":80},[66,45684,34911],{"class":117},[20,45686,45687],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45689,281],{},[57,45691,45693],{"className":59,"code":45692,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45694,45695,45713,45731,45735],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45696,45697,45699,45701,45703,45705,45707,45709,45711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45698,45568],{"class":72},[66,45700,77],{"class":76},[66,45702,8535],{"class":154},[66,45704,158],{"class":80},[66,45706,85],{"class":84},[66,45708,45583],{"class":88},[66,45710,85],{"class":84},[66,45712,163],{"class":80},[66,45714,45715,45717,45719,45721,45723,45725,45727,45729],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45716,45592],{"class":72},[66,45718,77],{"class":76},[66,45720,8535],{"class":154},[66,45722,158],{"class":80},[66,45724,85],{"class":84},[66,45726,45607],{"class":88},[66,45728,85],{"class":84},[66,45730,163],{"class":80},[66,45732,45733],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45734,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,45736,45737,45739,45741,45743,45745,45748],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,45738,155],{"class":154},[66,45740,158],{"class":80},[66,45742,45568],{"class":137},[66,45744,2357],{"class":76},[66,45746,45747],{"class":137}," num2",[66,45749,163],{"class":80},[20,45751,30095],{},[57,45753,45755],{"className":59,"code":45754,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45756,45757,45765,45773],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45758,45759,45761,45763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45760,45661],{"class":72},[66,45762,94],{"class":80},[66,45764,45666],{"class":117},[66,45766,45767,45769,45771],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45768,45671],{"class":72},[66,45770,94],{"class":80},[66,45772,2876],{"class":117},[66,45774,45775],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45776,45777],{"class":117},"23\n",[20,45779,45780,45781,45784,45785,50],{},"That happens because ",[15,45782,45783],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45786,45787],{},"\"23\"",[44993,45789],{},[52,45791,45793],{"id":45792},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45795,45796,45797,50],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45798,3256],{},[1430,45800,5000,45802,41617],{"id":45801},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45803,3256],{},[20,45805,39272],{},[57,45807,45809],{"className":59,"code":45808,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45810,45811,45829],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45812,45813,45815,45817,45819,45821,45823,45825,45827],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45814,2745],{"class":72},[66,45816,77],{"class":76},[66,45818,8535],{"class":154},[66,45820,158],{"class":80},[66,45822,85],{"class":84},[66,45824,41946],{"class":88},[66,45826,85],{"class":84},[66,45828,163],{"class":80},[66,45830,45831,45833,45835,45837,45839,45841],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45832,155],{"class":154},[66,45834,158],{"class":80},[66,45836,912],{"class":173},[66,45838,158],{"class":80},[66,45840,2771],{"class":137},[66,45842,181],{"class":80},[20,45844,187],{},[57,45846,45848],{"className":59,"code":45847,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45849,45850],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45851,45852,45854,45856,45858,45860,45862],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45853,954],{"class":76},[66,45855,958],{"class":957},[66,45857,211],{"class":84},[66,45859,3737],{"class":88},[66,45861,202],{"class":84},[66,45863,967],{"class":76},[20,45865,45866],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1430,45868,45870],{"id":45869},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45872,45873],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[57,45875,45877],{"className":59,"code":45876,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45878,45879,45897,45916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45880,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893,45895],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45882,2853],{"class":72},[66,45884,77],{"class":76},[66,45886,8535],{"class":154},[66,45888,158],{"class":80},[66,45890,85],{"class":84},[66,45892,41946],{"class":88},[66,45894,85],{"class":84},[66,45896,163],{"class":80},[66,45898,45899,45901,45903,45905,45907,45909,45912,45914],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,45900,2881],{"class":72},[66,45902,77],{"class":76},[66,45904,8535],{"class":154},[66,45906,158],{"class":80},[66,45908,85],{"class":84},[66,45910,45911],{"class":88},"Enter another number: ",[66,45913,85],{"class":84},[66,45915,163],{"class":80},[66,45917,45918,45920,45922,45924,45926,45928],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,45919,155],{"class":154},[66,45921,158],{"class":80},[66,45923,2853],{"class":137},[66,45925,2357],{"class":76},[66,45927,2858],{"class":137},[66,45929,163],{"class":80},[20,45931,41195,45932,4688,45934,45936,45937,19223,45940,50],{},[15,45933,2803],{},[15,45935,2433],{},", the result is ",[15,45938,45939],{},"45",[15,45941,2441],{},[1430,45943,45945,45946,45948,45949],{"id":45944},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45947,40778],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45950,3175],{},[20,45952,281],{},[57,45954,45956],{"className":59,"code":45955,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45957,45958],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,45959,45960,45962,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,45961,21885],{"class":72},[66,45963,77],{"class":76},[66,45965,45353],{"class":173},[66,45967,158],{"class":80},[66,45969,42538],{"class":154},[66,45971,158],{"class":80},[66,45973,85],{"class":84},[66,45975,45257],{"class":88},[66,45977,85],{"class":84},[66,45979,181],{"class":80},[20,45981,8564,45982,45985,45986,50],{},[15,45983,45984],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45987,40778],{},[20,45989,45990,45991,50],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[652,45992,45994],{"href":45993},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1430,45996,45998],{"id":45997},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46000,46001],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[57,46003,46005],{"className":59,"code":46004,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46006,46007,46025],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46008,46009,46011,46013,46015,46017,46019,46021,46023],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46010,8170],{"class":72},[66,46012,77],{"class":76},[66,46014,8535],{"class":154},[66,46016,158],{"class":80},[66,46018,85],{"class":84},[66,46020,44963],{"class":88},[66,46022,85],{"class":84},[66,46024,163],{"class":80},[66,46026,46027,46029,46031,46033,46035,46037],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46028,155],{"class":154},[66,46030,158],{"class":80},[66,46032,41854],{"class":154},[66,46034,158],{"class":80},[66,46036,89],{"class":137},[66,46038,181],{"class":80},[20,46040,46041],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46043,46044,46045,94],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46046,46047],{},".strip()",[57,46049,46051],{"className":59,"code":46050,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46052,46053,46075],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46054,46055,46057,46059,46061,46063,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46056,8170],{"class":72},[66,46058,77],{"class":76},[66,46060,8535],{"class":154},[66,46062,158],{"class":80},[66,46064,85],{"class":84},[66,46066,44963],{"class":88},[66,46068,85],{"class":84},[66,46070,8924],{"class":80},[66,46072,8927],{"class":137},[66,46074,141],{"class":80},[66,46076,46077,46079,46081,46083],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46078,155],{"class":154},[66,46080,158],{"class":80},[66,46082,89],{"class":137},[66,46084,163],{"class":80},[44993,46086],{},[52,46088,46090],{"id":46089},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46092,46093,46094,46096],{},"These habits make ",[15,46095,3256],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,46098,46099,46102,46107,46110],{},[33,46100,46101],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,46103,243,46104,46106],{},[15,46105,46047],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,46108,46109],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,46111,243,46112,46114],{},[15,46113,29847],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46116,46117,46118,94],{},"Example with ",[15,46119,46047],{},[57,46121,46123],{"className":59,"code":46122,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46124,46125,46149],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46126,46127,46130,46132,46134,46136,46138,46141,46143,46145,46147],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46128,46129],{"class":72},"city ",[66,46131,77],{"class":76},[66,46133,8535],{"class":154},[66,46135,158],{"class":80},[66,46137,85],{"class":84},[66,46139,46140],{"class":88},"Enter your city: ",[66,46142,85],{"class":84},[66,46144,8924],{"class":80},[66,46146,8927],{"class":137},[66,46148,141],{"class":80},[66,46150,46151,46153,46155,46157,46160,46162,46164,46166],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46152,155],{"class":154},[66,46154,158],{"class":80},[66,46156,85],{"class":84},[66,46158,46159],{"class":88},"City:",[66,46161,85],{"class":84},[66,46163,105],{"class":80},[66,46165,31451],{"class":137},[66,46167,163],{"class":80},[20,46169,46117,46170,94],{},[15,46171,29847],{},[57,46173,46175],{"className":59,"code":46174,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46176,46177,46183,46206,46238,46246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46178,46179,46181],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46180,29869],{"class":1060},[66,46182,1133],{"class":80},[66,46184,46185,46188,46190,46192,46194,46196,46198,46200,46202,46204],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46186,46187],{"class":72},"    age ",[66,46189,77],{"class":76},[66,46191,45353],{"class":173},[66,46193,158],{"class":80},[66,46195,42538],{"class":154},[66,46197,158],{"class":80},[66,46199,85],{"class":84},[66,46201,45257],{"class":88},[66,46203,85],{"class":84},[66,46205,181],{"class":80},[66,46207,46208,46210,46212,46214,46217,46219,46221,46223,46225,46227,46229,46231,46234,46236],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46209,1081],{"class":154},[66,46211,158],{"class":80},[66,46213,85],{"class":84},[66,46215,46216],{"class":88},"You will be",[66,46218,85],{"class":84},[66,46220,105],{"class":80},[66,46222,45535],{"class":137},[66,46224,2357],{"class":76},[66,46226,1896],{"class":117},[66,46228,105],{"class":80},[66,46230,97],{"class":84},[66,46232,46233],{"class":88},"next year",[66,46235,85],{"class":84},[66,46237,163],{"class":80},[66,46239,46240,46242,46244],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,46241,29900],{"class":1060},[66,46243,42001],{"class":173},[66,46245,1133],{"class":80},[66,46247,46248,46250,46252,46254,46257,46259],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,46249,1081],{"class":154},[66,46251,158],{"class":80},[66,46253,85],{"class":84},[66,46255,46256],{"class":88},"Please enter a whole number.",[66,46258,85],{"class":84},[66,46260,163],{"class":80},[20,46262,46263],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46265,46266,46267,50],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[652,46268,46270],{"href":46269},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44993,46272],{},[52,46274,1838],{"id":1837},[20,46276,46277,46278,94],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46279,3256],{},[30,46281,46282,46289,46292,46295],{},[33,46283,46284,46285,3176,46287],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46286,3175],{},[15,46288,3182],{},[33,46290,46291],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,46293,46294],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,46296,46297],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46299,32149],{},[57,46301,46303],{"className":59,"code":46302,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46304,46305,46315,46329],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46306,46307,46309,46311,46313],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46308,155],{"class":154},[66,46310,158],{"class":80},[66,46312,2771],{"class":137},[66,46314,163],{"class":80},[66,46316,46317,46319,46321,46323,46325,46327],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46318,155],{"class":154},[66,46320,158],{"class":80},[66,46322,912],{"class":173},[66,46324,158],{"class":80},[66,46326,2771],{"class":137},[66,46328,181],{"class":80},[66,46330,46331,46333,46335,46337,46339,46341],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46332,155],{"class":154},[66,46334,158],{"class":80},[66,46336,41854],{"class":154},[66,46338,158],{"class":80},[66,46340,2771],{"class":137},[66,46342,181],{"class":80},[20,46344,46345,46346,46348],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46347,3256],{}," actually returned:",[30,46350,46351,46356,46361],{},[33,46352,46353,46355],{},[15,46354,41902],{}," shows the value",[33,46357,46358,46360],{},[15,46359,41908],{}," shows the data type",[33,46362,46363,46365],{},[15,46364,41913],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46367,281],{},[57,46369,46371],{"className":59,"code":46370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46372,46373,46392,46402,46416],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46374,46375,46377,46379,46381,46383,46385,46388,46390],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46376,2745],{"class":72},[66,46378,77],{"class":76},[66,46380,8535],{"class":154},[66,46382,158],{"class":80},[66,46384,85],{"class":84},[66,46386,46387],{"class":88},"Enter something: ",[66,46389,85],{"class":84},[66,46391,163],{"class":80},[66,46393,46394,46396,46398,46400],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46395,155],{"class":154},[66,46397,158],{"class":80},[66,46399,2771],{"class":137},[66,46401,163],{"class":80},[66,46403,46404,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46405,155],{"class":154},[66,46407,158],{"class":80},[66,46409,912],{"class":173},[66,46411,158],{"class":80},[66,46413,2771],{"class":137},[66,46415,181],{"class":80},[66,46417,46418,46420,46422,46424,46426,46428],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,46419,155],{"class":154},[66,46421,158],{"class":80},[66,46423,41854],{"class":154},[66,46425,158],{"class":80},[66,46427,2771],{"class":137},[66,46429,181],{"class":80},[44993,46431],{},[52,46433,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,46435,12986,46437,46439],{"id":46436},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46438,3256],{}," return an integer?",[20,46441,46442,46443,46445,46446,40003],{},"No. ",[15,46444,3256],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46447,3175],{},[1430,46449,46451,46452,2151],{"id":46450},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46453,3256],{},[20,46455,46456,46457,46459],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46458,3256],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1430,46461,5453,46463,46466,46467,2151],{"id":46462},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46464,46465],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46468,3256],{},[20,46470,29126,46471,46473,46474,42230,46476,46478],{},[15,46472,3256],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46475,45783],{},[15,46477,45787],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1430,46480,46482],{"id":46481},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46484,243,46485,46487,46488,50],{},[15,46486,46047],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46489,46490],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44993,46492],{},[52,46494,2183],{"id":2182},[30,46496,46497,46502,46506,46512,46518,46522],{},[33,46498,46499],{},[652,46500,46501],{"href":46269},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46503,46504],{},[652,46505,9351],{"href":9273},[33,46507,46508],{},[652,46509,3870,46510,3803],{"href":3172},[15,46511,3175],{},[33,46513,46514],{},[652,46515,3870,46516,3803],{"href":3179},[15,46517,3182],{},[33,46519,46520],{},[652,46521,45994],{"href":45993},[33,46523,46524],{},[652,46525,3870,46527,3803],{"href":46526},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46528,46529],{},"print()",[2222,46531,46532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":46534},[46535,46536,46538,46539,46541,46547,46555,46556,46557,46566],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":44997,"depth":124,"text":46537},"What input() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":45226,"depth":124,"text":46540},"What input() returns",{"id":45429,"depth":124,"text":45430,"children":46542},[46543,46544,46546],{"id":45433,"depth":144,"text":45434},{"id":45486,"depth":144,"text":46545},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45557,"depth":144,"text":45558},{"id":45792,"depth":124,"text":45793,"children":46548},[46549,46551,46552,46554],{"id":45801,"depth":144,"text":46550},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45869,"depth":144,"text":45870},{"id":45944,"depth":144,"text":46553},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45997,"depth":144,"text":45998},{"id":46089,"depth":124,"text":46090},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":46558},[46559,46561,46563,46565],{"id":46436,"depth":144,"text":46560},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46450,"depth":144,"text":46562},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46462,"depth":144,"text":46564},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46481,"depth":144,"text":46482},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42269,"description":46567},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46574,"title":42171,"body":46575,"description":48888,"extension":2260,"meta":48889,"navigation":147,"path":48890,"seo":48891,"stem":48892,"__hash__":48893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46576,"toc":48840},[46577,46582,46587,46592,46613,46616,46618,46678,46680,46699,46704,46709,46714,46716,46729,46731,46814,46816,46857,46863,46865,46895,46901,46904,46921,46923,46975,46977,46995,47001,47007,47010,47028,47030,47103,47105,47124,47131,47137,47142,47145,47205,47207,47226,47229,47232,47247,47253,47257,47318,47320,47341,47345,47474,47476,47606,47616,47622,47628,47636,47702,47704,47729,47732,47749,47762,47768,47771,47804,47806,47819,47822,47865,47867,47875,47882,47886,47893,47897,47924,47926,47934,47940,47957,47962,47966,47993,47995,48003,48007,48012,48015,48041,48044,48053,48061,48065,48075,48079,48082,48084,48135,48137,48167,48177,48204,48206,48214,48224,48228,48231,48233,48281,48283,48327,48333,48384,48386,48405,48410,48415,48418,48437,48440,48492,48494,48503,48505,48509,48513,48516,48525,48532,48534,48561,48565,48567,48576,48579,48586,48592,48652,48656,48658,48666,48669,48695,48701,48704,48724,48726,48735,48743,48745,48751,48756,48763,48773,48779,48787,48791,48794,48796,48837],[10,46578,3870,46580,3874],{"id":46579},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46581,3175],{},[20,46583,32384,46584,46586],{},[15,46585,3175],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46588,35475,46589,46591],{},[15,46590,3175],{}," when they want to:",[30,46593,46594,46604,46607,46610],{},[33,46595,46596,46597,46600,46601],{},"turn text like ",[15,46598,46599],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46602,46603],{},"42",[33,46605,46606],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46608,46609],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46611,46612],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46614,46615],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[52,46617,55],{"id":54},[57,46619,46621],{"className":59,"code":46620,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46622,46623,46641,46655],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46624,46625,46627,46629,46631,46633,46635,46637,46639],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46626,155],{"class":154},[66,46628,158],{"class":80},[66,46630,2486],{"class":173},[66,46632,158],{"class":80},[66,46634,85],{"class":84},[66,46636,46603],{"class":88},[66,46638,85],{"class":84},[66,46640,181],{"class":80},[66,46642,46643,46645,46647,46649,46651,46653],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46644,155],{"class":154},[66,46646,158],{"class":80},[66,46648,2486],{"class":173},[66,46650,158],{"class":80},[66,46652,42059],{"class":117},[66,46654,181],{"class":80},[66,46656,46657,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667,46670,46672,46674,46676],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46658,155],{"class":154},[66,46660,158],{"class":80},[66,46662,2486],{"class":173},[66,46664,158],{"class":80},[66,46666,85],{"class":84},[66,46668,46669],{"class":88},"101",[66,46671,85],{"class":84},[66,46673,105],{"class":80},[66,46675,1719],{"class":117},[66,46677,181],{"class":80},[20,46679,187],{},[57,46681,46683],{"className":59,"code":46682,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46684,46685,46690,46695],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46686,46687],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46688,46689],{"class":117},"42\n",[66,46691,46692],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46693,46694],{"class":117},"3\n",[66,46696,46697],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46698,3245],{"class":117},[20,46700,243,46701,46703],{},[15,46702,3175],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[52,46705,250,46707,253],{"id":46706},"what-int-does",[15,46708,3175],{},[20,46710,46711,46713],{},[15,46712,3175],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46715,13332],{},[30,46717,46718,46723,46726],{},[33,46719,46720,46721,7633],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46722,2486],{},[33,46724,46725],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46727,46728],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46730,281],{},[57,46732,46734],{"className":59,"code":46733,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46735,46736,46748,46762,46766,46776,46786,46800],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46737,46738,46740,46742,46744,46746],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46739,34756],{"class":72},[66,46741,77],{"class":76},[66,46743,97],{"class":84},[66,46745,9485],{"class":88},[66,46747,376],{"class":84},[66,46749,46750,46752,46754,46756,46758,46760],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46751,2515],{"class":72},[66,46753,77],{"class":76},[66,46755,45353],{"class":173},[66,46757,158],{"class":80},[66,46759,34777],{"class":137},[66,46761,163],{"class":80},[66,46763,46764],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46765,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,46767,46768,46770,46772,46774],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,46769,155],{"class":154},[66,46771,158],{"class":80},[66,46773,34777],{"class":137},[66,46775,163],{"class":80},[66,46777,46778,46780,46782,46784],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,46779,155],{"class":154},[66,46781,158],{"class":80},[66,46783,2537],{"class":137},[66,46785,163],{"class":80},[66,46787,46788,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,46789,155],{"class":154},[66,46791,158],{"class":80},[66,46793,912],{"class":173},[66,46795,158],{"class":80},[66,46797,34777],{"class":137},[66,46799,181],{"class":80},[66,46801,46802,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,46803,155],{"class":154},[66,46805,158],{"class":80},[66,46807,912],{"class":173},[66,46809,158],{"class":80},[66,46811,2537],{"class":137},[66,46813,181],{"class":80},[20,46815,187],{},[57,46817,46819],{"className":59,"code":46818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46820,46821,46825,46829,46843],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46822,46823],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46824,3008],{"class":117},[66,46826,46827],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46828,3008],{"class":117},[66,46830,46831,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46832,954],{"class":76},[66,46834,958],{"class":957},[66,46836,211],{"class":84},[66,46838,3737],{"class":88},[66,46840,202],{"class":84},[66,46842,967],{"class":76},[66,46844,46845,46847,46849,46851,46853,46855],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,46846,954],{"class":76},[66,46848,958],{"class":957},[66,46850,211],{"class":84},[66,46852,2486],{"class":88},[66,46854,202],{"class":84},[66,46856,967],{"class":76},[20,46858,46859,46860,46862],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46861,3175],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[52,46864,2455],{"id":2454},[57,46866,46868],{"className":59,"code":46867,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46869,46870,46880],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46871,46872,46874,46876,46878],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46873,2486],{"class":173},[66,46875,158],{"class":80},[66,46877,2471],{"class":137},[66,46879,163],{"class":80},[66,46881,46882,46884,46886,46888,46890,46893],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46883,2486],{"class":173},[66,46885,158],{"class":80},[66,46887,2471],{"class":137},[66,46889,105],{"class":80},[66,46891,46892],{"class":137}," base",[66,46894,163],{"class":80},[1430,46896,46898],{"id":46897},"intx",[15,46899,46900],{},"int(x)",[20,46902,46903],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46905,46906,46911,46916],{},[33,46907,46908,46909],{},"a string such as ",[15,46910,42201],{},[33,46912,46913,46914],{},"a float such as ",[15,46915,42059],{},[33,46917,46918,46919],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46920,1386],{},[20,46922,281],{},[57,46924,46926],{"className":59,"code":46925,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46927,46928,46946,46961],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46929,46930,46932,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942,46944],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46931,155],{"class":154},[66,46933,158],{"class":80},[66,46935,2486],{"class":173},[66,46937,158],{"class":80},[66,46939,85],{"class":84},[66,46941,2628],{"class":88},[66,46943,85],{"class":84},[66,46945,181],{"class":80},[66,46947,46948,46950,46952,46954,46956,46959],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46949,155],{"class":154},[66,46951,158],{"class":80},[66,46953,2486],{"class":173},[66,46955,158],{"class":80},[66,46957,46958],{"class":117},"8.7",[66,46960,181],{"class":80},[66,46962,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971,46973],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46964,155],{"class":154},[66,46966,158],{"class":80},[66,46968,2486],{"class":173},[66,46970,158],{"class":80},[66,46972,1386],{"class":4146},[66,46974,181],{"class":80},[20,46976,187],{},[57,46978,46980],{"className":59,"code":46979,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46981,46982,46986,46990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,46983,46984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,46985,2674],{"class":117},[66,46987,46988],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,46989,2679],{"class":117},[66,46991,46992],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,46993,46994],{"class":117},"1\n",[1430,46996,46998],{"id":46997},"intx-base",[15,46999,47000],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47002,47003,47004,47006],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47005,2471],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47008,47009],{},"Common bases:",[30,47011,47012,47017,47022],{},[33,47013,47014,47016],{},[15,47015,2354],{}," for binary",[33,47018,47019,47021],{},[15,47020,2643],{}," for octal",[33,47023,47024,47027],{},[15,47025,47026],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47029,281],{},[57,47031,47033],{"className":59,"code":47032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47034,47035,47057,47080],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47036,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045,47047,47049,47051,47053,47055],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47038,155],{"class":154},[66,47040,158],{"class":80},[66,47042,2486],{"class":173},[66,47044,158],{"class":80},[66,47046,85],{"class":84},[66,47048,46669],{"class":88},[66,47050,85],{"class":84},[66,47052,105],{"class":80},[66,47054,1719],{"class":117},[66,47056,181],{"class":80},[66,47058,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069,47072,47074,47076,47078],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47060,155],{"class":154},[66,47062,158],{"class":80},[66,47064,2486],{"class":173},[66,47066,158],{"class":80},[66,47068,85],{"class":84},[66,47070,47071],{"class":88},"17",[66,47073,85],{"class":84},[66,47075,105],{"class":80},[66,47077,6652],{"class":117},[66,47079,181],{"class":80},[66,47081,47082,47084,47086,47088,47090,47092,47095,47097,47099,47101],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47083,155],{"class":154},[66,47085,158],{"class":80},[66,47087,2486],{"class":173},[66,47089,158],{"class":80},[66,47091,85],{"class":84},[66,47093,47094],{"class":88},"1A",[66,47096,85],{"class":84},[66,47098,105],{"class":80},[66,47100,14264],{"class":117},[66,47102,181],{"class":80},[20,47104,187],{},[57,47106,47108],{"className":59,"code":47107,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47109,47110,47114,47119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47111,47112],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47113,3245],{"class":117},[66,47115,47116],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47117,47118],{"class":117},"15\n",[66,47120,47121],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47122,47123],{"class":117},"26\n",[20,47125,47126,47127,50],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[652,47128,47129,2600],{"href":3179},[15,47130,3182],{},[52,47132,1848,47134,47136],{"id":47133},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47135,3175],{}," with strings",[20,47138,47139,47141],{},[15,47140,3175],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47143,47144],{},"Examples that work:",[57,47146,47148],{"className":59,"code":47147,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47149,47150,47168,47186],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47151,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47153,155],{"class":154},[66,47155,158],{"class":80},[66,47157,2486],{"class":173},[66,47159,158],{"class":80},[66,47161,85],{"class":84},[66,47163,2433],{"class":88},[66,47165,85],{"class":84},[66,47167,181],{"class":80},[66,47169,47170,47172,47174,47176,47178,47180,47182,47184],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47171,155],{"class":154},[66,47173,158],{"class":80},[66,47175,2486],{"class":173},[66,47177,158],{"class":80},[66,47179,85],{"class":84},[66,47181,2589],{"class":88},[66,47183,85],{"class":84},[66,47185,181],{"class":80},[66,47187,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47201,47203],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47189,155],{"class":154},[66,47191,158],{"class":80},[66,47193,2486],{"class":173},[66,47195,158],{"class":80},[66,47197,85],{"class":84},[66,47199,47200],{"class":88},"  42  ",[66,47202,85],{"class":84},[66,47204,181],{"class":80},[20,47206,187],{},[57,47208,47210],{"className":59,"code":47209,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47211,47212,47216,47222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47213,47214],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47215,3245],{"class":117},[66,47217,47218,47220],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47219,2319],{"class":76},[66,47221,2523],{"class":117},[66,47223,47224],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47225,46689],{"class":117},[20,47227,47228],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47230,47231],{},"Examples that fail:",[57,47233,47235],{"className":59,"code":47234,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47236,47237,47242],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47238,47239],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47240,47241],{"class":1945},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[66,47243,47244],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47245,47246],{"class":1945},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47248,47249,47250,47252],{},"These raise ",[15,47251,40778],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1430,47254,47256],{"id":47255},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[57,47258,47260],{"className":59,"code":47259,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47261,47262,47280,47299],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47263,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274,47276,47278],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47265,155],{"class":154},[66,47267,158],{"class":80},[66,47269,2486],{"class":173},[66,47271,158],{"class":80},[66,47273,85],{"class":84},[66,47275,2021],{"class":88},[66,47277,85],{"class":84},[66,47279,181],{"class":80},[66,47281,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292,47295,47297],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47283,155],{"class":154},[66,47285,158],{"class":80},[66,47287,2486],{"class":173},[66,47289,158],{"class":80},[66,47291,85],{"class":84},[66,47293,47294],{"class":88},"+7",[66,47296,85],{"class":84},[66,47298,181],{"class":80},[66,47300,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309,47311,47314,47316],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47302,155],{"class":154},[66,47304,158],{"class":80},[66,47306,2486],{"class":173},[66,47308,158],{"class":80},[66,47310,85],{"class":84},[66,47312,47313],{"class":88},"-100",[66,47315,85],{"class":84},[66,47317,181],{"class":80},[20,47319,187],{},[57,47321,47323],{"className":59,"code":47322,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47324,47325,47330,47334],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47326,47327],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47328,47329],{"class":117},"0\n",[66,47331,47332],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47333,2377],{"class":117},[66,47335,47336,47338],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47337,2319],{"class":76},[66,47339,47340],{"class":117},"100\n",[1430,47342,47344],{"id":47343},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[57,47346,47348],{"className":59,"code":47347,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47349,47350,47388,47392,47404,47411,47426,47441],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47351,47352,47354,47356,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366,47368,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47384,47386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47353,4116],{"class":72},[66,47355,77],{"class":76},[66,47357,1711],{"class":80},[66,47359,85],{"class":84},[66,47361,40217],{"class":88},[66,47363,85],{"class":84},[66,47365,105],{"class":80},[66,47367,97],{"class":84},[66,47369,47370],{"class":88},"12abc",[66,47372,85],{"class":84},[66,47374,105],{"class":80},[66,47376,6419],{"class":84},[66,47378,105],{"class":80},[66,47380,97],{"class":84},[66,47382,47383],{"class":88},"seven",[66,47385,85],{"class":84},[66,47387,240],{"class":80},[66,47389,47390],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47391,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,47393,47394,47396,47398,47400,47402],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47395,1061],{"class":1060},[66,47397,21842],{"class":72},[66,47399,1067],{"class":1060},[66,47401,4179],{"class":72},[66,47403,1133],{"class":80},[66,47405,47406,47409],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,47407,47408],{"class":1060},"    try",[66,47410,1133],{"class":80},[66,47412,47413,47416,47418,47420,47422,47424],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,47414,47415],{"class":154},"        print",[66,47417,158],{"class":80},[66,47419,2486],{"class":173},[66,47421,158],{"class":80},[66,47423,2771],{"class":137},[66,47425,181],{"class":80},[66,47427,47428,47431,47433,47436,47439],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,47429,47430],{"class":1060},"    except",[66,47432,42001],{"class":173},[66,47434,47435],{"class":1060}," as",[66,47437,47438],{"class":72}," error",[66,47440,1133],{"class":80},[66,47442,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47458,47460,47463,47465,47468,47470,47472],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,47444,47415],{"class":154},[66,47446,158],{"class":80},[66,47448,22548],{"class":957},[66,47450,85],{"class":88},[66,47452,9569],{"class":117},[66,47454,2771],{"class":137},[66,47456,47457],{"class":957},"!r",[66,47459,22557],{"class":117},[66,47461,47462],{"class":88}," -> ",[66,47464,9569],{"class":117},[66,47466,47467],{"class":137},"error",[66,47469,22557],{"class":117},[66,47471,85],{"class":88},[66,47473,163],{"class":80},[20,47475,187],{},[57,47477,47479],{"className":59,"code":47478,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47480,47481,47517,47549,47574],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47482,47483,47485,47487,47489,47492,47495,47497,47499,47501,47504,47507,47509,47511,47513,47515],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47484,202],{"class":43404},[66,47486,40217],{"class":43408},[66,47488,202],{"class":43404},[66,47490,47491],{"class":37439}," ->",[66,47493,47494],{"class":72}," invalid literal ",[66,47496,1061],{"class":1060},[66,47498,45353],{"class":173},[66,47500,7659],{"class":80},[66,47502,47503],{"class":1060}," with",[66,47505,47506],{"class":72}," base ",[66,47508,2628],{"class":117},[66,47510,94],{"class":80},[66,47512,211],{"class":84},[66,47514,40217],{"class":88},[66,47516,29765],{"class":84},[66,47518,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47520,202],{"class":84},[66,47522,47370],{"class":88},[66,47524,202],{"class":84},[66,47526,47491],{"class":37439},[66,47528,47494],{"class":72},[66,47530,1061],{"class":1060},[66,47532,45353],{"class":173},[66,47534,7659],{"class":80},[66,47536,47503],{"class":1060},[66,47538,47506],{"class":72},[66,47540,2628],{"class":117},[66,47542,94],{"class":80},[66,47544,211],{"class":84},[66,47546,47370],{"class":88},[66,47548,29765],{"class":84},[66,47550,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569,47571],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47552,4066],{"class":84},[66,47554,47491],{"class":37439},[66,47556,47494],{"class":72},[66,47558,1061],{"class":1060},[66,47560,45353],{"class":173},[66,47562,7659],{"class":80},[66,47564,47503],{"class":1060},[66,47566,47506],{"class":72},[66,47568,2628],{"class":117},[66,47570,94],{"class":80},[66,47572,47573],{"class":84}," ''\n",[66,47575,47576,47578,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,47577,202],{"class":84},[66,47579,47383],{"class":88},[66,47581,202],{"class":84},[66,47583,47491],{"class":37439},[66,47585,47494],{"class":72},[66,47587,1061],{"class":1060},[66,47589,45353],{"class":173},[66,47591,7659],{"class":80},[66,47593,47503],{"class":1060},[66,47595,47506],{"class":72},[66,47597,2628],{"class":117},[66,47599,94],{"class":80},[66,47601,211],{"class":84},[66,47603,47383],{"class":88},[66,47605,29765],{"class":84},[20,47607,47608,47609,47611,47612,50],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[652,47610,9274],{"href":9273}," and the ",[652,47613,47614,2600],{"href":8512},[15,47615,3256],{},[52,47617,1848,47619,47621],{"id":47618},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47620,3175],{}," with floats",[20,47623,47624,47625,47627],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47626,3175],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47629,47630,47631,14330,47633,47635],{},"Important: ",[15,47632,3175],{},[185,47634,4926],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[57,47637,47639],{"className":59,"code":47638,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47640,47641,47655,47670,47686],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47642,47643,47645,47647,47649,47651,47653],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47644,155],{"class":154},[66,47646,158],{"class":80},[66,47648,2486],{"class":173},[66,47650,158],{"class":80},[66,47652,42059],{"class":117},[66,47654,181],{"class":80},[66,47656,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665,47668],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47658,155],{"class":154},[66,47660,158],{"class":80},[66,47662,2486],{"class":173},[66,47664,158],{"class":80},[66,47666,47667],{"class":117},"3.1",[66,47669,181],{"class":80},[66,47671,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680,47682,47684],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47673,155],{"class":154},[66,47675,158],{"class":80},[66,47677,2486],{"class":173},[66,47679,158],{"class":80},[66,47681,2319],{"class":76},[66,47683,42059],{"class":117},[66,47685,181],{"class":80},[66,47687,47688,47690,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,47689,155],{"class":154},[66,47691,158],{"class":80},[66,47693,2486],{"class":173},[66,47695,158],{"class":80},[66,47697,2319],{"class":76},[66,47699,47667],{"class":117},[66,47701,181],{"class":80},[20,47703,187],{},[57,47705,47707],{"className":59,"code":47706,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47708,47709,47713,47717,47723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47710,47711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47712,46694],{"class":117},[66,47714,47715],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47716,46694],{"class":117},[66,47718,47719,47721],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47720,2319],{"class":76},[66,47722,46694],{"class":117},[66,47724,47725,47727],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,47726,2319],{"class":76},[66,47728,46694],{"class":117},[20,47730,47731],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47733,47734,47741],{},[33,47735,47736,42230,47739],{},[15,47737,47738],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47740,2360],{},[33,47742,47743,42230,47746],{},[15,47744,47745],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47747,47748],{},"-3",[20,47750,47751,47752,47756,47757,50],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[652,47753,47754],{"href":3179},[15,47755,3182],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[652,47758,47759],{"href":42250},[15,47760,47761],{},"str()",[52,47763,1848,47765,47767],{"id":47764},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47766,3175],{}," with booleans",[20,47769,47770],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[57,47772,47774],{"className":59,"code":47773,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47775,47776,47790],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47777,47778,47780,47782,47784,47786,47788],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47779,155],{"class":154},[66,47781,158],{"class":80},[66,47783,2486],{"class":173},[66,47785,158],{"class":80},[66,47787,1386],{"class":4146},[66,47789,181],{"class":80},[66,47791,47792,47794,47796,47798,47800,47802],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47793,155],{"class":154},[66,47795,158],{"class":80},[66,47797,2486],{"class":173},[66,47799,158],{"class":80},[66,47801,3967],{"class":4146},[66,47803,181],{"class":80},[20,47805,187],{},[57,47807,47809],{"className":59,"code":47808,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1\n0\n",[15,47810,47811,47815],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47812,47813],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47814,46994],{"class":117},[66,47816,47817],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47818,47329],{"class":117},[20,47820,47821],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[57,47823,47825],{"className":59,"code":47824,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47826,47827,47836,47851,47855],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47828,47829,47832,47834],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47830,47831],{"class":72},"passed ",[66,47833,77],{"class":76},[66,47835,6715],{"class":4146},[66,47837,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846,47849],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,47839,41257],{"class":72},[66,47841,77],{"class":76},[66,47843,45353],{"class":173},[66,47845,158],{"class":80},[66,47847,47848],{"class":137},"passed",[66,47850,163],{"class":80},[66,47852,47853],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,47854,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,47856,47857,47859,47861,47863],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,47858,155],{"class":154},[66,47860,158],{"class":80},[66,47862,41286],{"class":137},[66,47864,163],{"class":80},[20,47866,187],{},[57,47868,47869],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,47870,47871],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47872,47873],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47874,46994],{"class":117},[20,47876,47877,47878,50],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[652,47879,47880,2600],{"href":6075},[15,47881,4106],{},[52,47883,47885],{"id":47884},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47887,47888,47889,47892],{},"Use the ",[15,47890,47891],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1430,47894,47896],{"id":47895},"binary-example","Binary example",[57,47898,47900],{"className":59,"code":47899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47901,47902],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47903,47904,47906,47908,47910,47912,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47905,155],{"class":154},[66,47907,158],{"class":80},[66,47909,2486],{"class":173},[66,47911,158],{"class":80},[66,47913,85],{"class":84},[66,47915,46669],{"class":88},[66,47917,85],{"class":84},[66,47919,105],{"class":80},[66,47921,1719],{"class":117},[66,47923,181],{"class":80},[20,47925,187],{},[57,47927,47928],{"className":59,"code":3245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,47929,47930],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47931,47932],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47933,3245],{"class":117},[20,47935,47936,47939],{},[15,47937,47938],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47941,47942,47947,47952],{},[33,47943,47944],{},[15,47945,47946],{},"1 × 4",[33,47948,47949],{},[15,47950,47951],{},"0 × 2",[33,47953,47954],{},[15,47955,47956],{},"1 × 1",[20,47958,47959,47960,50],{},"So the result is ",[15,47961,2433],{},[1430,47963,47965],{"id":47964},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[57,47967,47969],{"className":59,"code":47968,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47970,47971],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,47972,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,47974,155],{"class":154},[66,47976,158],{"class":80},[66,47978,2486],{"class":173},[66,47980,158],{"class":80},[66,47982,85],{"class":84},[66,47984,47094],{"class":88},[66,47986,85],{"class":84},[66,47988,105],{"class":80},[66,47990,14264],{"class":117},[66,47992,181],{"class":80},[20,47994,187],{},[57,47996,47997],{"className":59,"code":47123,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,47998,47999],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48000,48001],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48002,47123],{"class":117},[1430,48004,48006],{"id":48005},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48008,2277,48009,48011],{},[15,48010,47891],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48013,48014],{},"Good:",[57,48016,48017],{"className":59,"code":47899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,48018,48019],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48020,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029,48031,48033,48035,48037,48039],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48022,155],{"class":154},[66,48024,158],{"class":80},[66,48026,2486],{"class":173},[66,48028,158],{"class":80},[66,48030,85],{"class":84},[66,48032,46669],{"class":88},[66,48034,85],{"class":84},[66,48036,105],{"class":80},[66,48038,1719],{"class":117},[66,48040,181],{"class":80},[20,48042,48043],{},"Not correct:",[57,48045,48047],{"className":59,"code":48046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48048,48049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48050,48051],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48052,48046],{"class":1945},[20,48054,48055,48056,8894,48058,48060],{},"That causes a ",[15,48057,3302],{},[15,48059,47891],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[52,48062,48064],{"id":48063},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48066,48067,48068,48070,48071,4688,48073,50],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48069,3175],{}," are ",[15,48072,40778],{},[15,48074,3302],{},[1430,48076,48077],{"id":41588},[15,48078,40778],{},[20,48080,48081],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48083,281],{},[57,48085,48087],{"className":59,"code":48086,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48088,48089,48095,48113,48125],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48090,48091,48093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48092,29869],{"class":1060},[66,48094,1133],{"class":80},[66,48096,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,48098,1081],{"class":154},[66,48100,158],{"class":80},[66,48102,2486],{"class":173},[66,48104,158],{"class":80},[66,48106,85],{"class":84},[66,48108,40217],{"class":88},[66,48110,85],{"class":84},[66,48112,181],{"class":80},[66,48114,48115,48117,48119,48121,48123],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,48116,29900],{"class":1060},[66,48118,42001],{"class":173},[66,48120,47435],{"class":1060},[66,48122,47438],{"class":72},[66,48124,1133],{"class":80},[66,48126,48127,48129,48131,48133],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,48128,1081],{"class":154},[66,48130,158],{"class":80},[66,48132,47467],{"class":137},[66,48134,163],{"class":80},[20,48136,187],{},[57,48138,48140],{"className":59,"code":48139,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48141,48142],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48143,48144,48147,48149,48151,48153,48155,48157,48159,48161,48163,48165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48145,48146],{"class":72},"invalid literal ",[66,48148,1061],{"class":1060},[66,48150,45353],{"class":173},[66,48152,7659],{"class":80},[66,48154,47503],{"class":1060},[66,48156,47506],{"class":72},[66,48158,2628],{"class":117},[66,48160,94],{"class":80},[66,48162,211],{"class":84},[66,48164,40217],{"class":88},[66,48166,29765],{"class":84},[20,48168,48169,48170,48173,48174,48176],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48171,48172],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48175,3175],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[57,48178,48180],{"className":59,"code":48179,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48181,48182],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48183,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198,48200,48202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48185,155],{"class":154},[66,48187,158],{"class":80},[66,48189,2486],{"class":173},[66,48191,158],{"class":80},[66,48193,2490],{"class":173},[66,48195,158],{"class":80},[66,48197,85],{"class":84},[66,48199,40217],{"class":88},[66,48201,85],{"class":84},[66,48203,3210],{"class":80},[20,48205,187],{},[57,48207,48208],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,48209,48210],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48211,48212],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48213,46694],{"class":117},[20,48215,48216,48217,4688,48220,50],{},"If you see this often, read ",[652,48218,48219],{"href":3260},"how to convert string to int in Python",[652,48221,1755,48222],{"href":45993},[15,48223,45994],{},[1430,48225,48226],{"id":41654},[15,48227,3302],{},[20,48229,48230],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48232,281],{},[57,48234,48236],{"className":59,"code":48235,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48237,48238,48244,48258,48271],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48239,48240,48242],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48241,29869],{"class":1060},[66,48243,1133],{"class":80},[66,48245,48246,48248,48250,48252,48254,48256],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,48247,1081],{"class":154},[66,48249,158],{"class":80},[66,48251,2486],{"class":173},[66,48253,158],{"class":80},[66,48255,4071],{"class":4146},[66,48257,181],{"class":80},[66,48259,48260,48262,48265,48267,48269],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,48261,29900],{"class":1060},[66,48263,48264],{"class":173}," TypeError",[66,48266,47435],{"class":1060},[66,48268,47438],{"class":72},[66,48270,1133],{"class":80},[66,48272,48273,48275,48277,48279],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,48274,1081],{"class":154},[66,48276,158],{"class":80},[66,48278,47467],{"class":137},[66,48280,163],{"class":80},[20,48282,187],{},[57,48284,48286],{"className":59,"code":48285,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48287,48288],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48289,48290,48292,48294,48297,48299,48301,48304,48306,48309,48311,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322,48325],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48291,2486],{"class":173},[66,48293,7659],{"class":80},[66,48295,48296],{"class":72}," argument must be a string",[66,48298,105],{"class":80},[66,48300,44621],{"class":72},[66,48302,48303],{"class":173},"bytes",[66,48305,2319],{"class":76},[66,48307,48308],{"class":72},"like ",[66,48310,42474],{"class":173},[66,48312,48313],{"class":76}," or",[66,48315,40914],{"class":72},[66,48317,105],{"class":80},[66,48319,8392],{"class":76},[66,48321,211],{"class":84},[66,48323,48324],{"class":88},"NoneType",[66,48326,29765],{"class":84},[20,48328,48329,48330,48332],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48331,47891],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[57,48334,48336],{"className":59,"code":48335,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48337,48338,48344,48362,48374],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48339,48340,48342],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48341,29869],{"class":1060},[66,48343,1133],{"class":80},[66,48345,48346,48348,48350,48352,48354,48356,48358,48360],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,48347,1081],{"class":154},[66,48349,158],{"class":80},[66,48351,2486],{"class":173},[66,48353,158],{"class":80},[66,48355,46669],{"class":117},[66,48357,105],{"class":80},[66,48359,1719],{"class":117},[66,48361,181],{"class":80},[66,48363,48364,48366,48368,48370,48372],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,48365,29900],{"class":1060},[66,48367,48264],{"class":173},[66,48369,47435],{"class":1060},[66,48371,47438],{"class":72},[66,48373,1133],{"class":80},[66,48375,48376,48378,48380,48382],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,48377,1081],{"class":154},[66,48379,158],{"class":80},[66,48381,47467],{"class":137},[66,48383,163],{"class":80},[20,48385,187],{},[57,48387,48389],{"className":59,"code":48388,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48390,48391],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48392,48393,48395,48397,48400,48402],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48394,2486],{"class":173},[66,48396,7659],{"class":80},[66,48398,48399],{"class":72}," can",[66,48401,202],{"class":84},[66,48403,48404],{"class":88},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[52,48406,1154,48408],{"id":48407},"when-to-use-int",[15,48409,3175],{},[20,48411,243,48412,48414],{},[15,48413,3175],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48416,48417],{},"Common uses:",[30,48419,48420,48426,48429,48432],{},[33,48421,48422,48423,48425],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48424,3256],{}," into integers",[33,48427,48428],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,48430,48431],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,48433,48434,48435,36687],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48436,47891],{},[20,48438,48439],{},"Example with user input:",[57,48441,48443],{"className":59,"code":48442,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48444,48445,48459,48474,48478],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48446,48447,48450,48452,48454,48457],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48448,48449],{"class":72},"age_text ",[66,48451,77],{"class":76},[66,48453,97],{"class":84},[66,48455,48456],{"class":88},"18",[66,48458,376],{"class":84},[66,48460,48461,48463,48465,48467,48469,48472],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,48462,21885],{"class":72},[66,48464,77],{"class":76},[66,48466,45353],{"class":173},[66,48468,158],{"class":80},[66,48470,48471],{"class":137},"age_text",[66,48473,163],{"class":80},[66,48475,48476],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,48477,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,48479,48480,48482,48484,48486,48488,48490],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,48481,155],{"class":154},[66,48483,158],{"class":80},[66,48485,21885],{"class":137},[66,48487,2357],{"class":76},[66,48489,1896],{"class":117},[66,48491,163],{"class":80},[20,48493,187],{},[57,48495,48497],{"className":59,"code":48496,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"19\n",[15,48498,48499],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48500,48501],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48502,48496],{"class":117},[52,48504,1838],{"id":1837},[20,48506,15009,48507,50],{},[15,48508,3175],{},[1430,48510,48512],{"id":48511},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48514,48515],{},"This fails:",[57,48517,48519],{"className":59,"code":48518,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48520,48521],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48522,48523],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48524,48518],{"class":1945},[20,48526,48527,48528,48531],{},"Why: ",[15,48529,48530],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48533,19100],{},[57,48535,48537],{"className":59,"code":48536,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48538,48539],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48540,48541,48543,48545,48547,48549,48551,48553,48555,48557,48559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48542,155],{"class":154},[66,48544,158],{"class":80},[66,48546,2486],{"class":173},[66,48548,158],{"class":80},[66,48550,2490],{"class":173},[66,48552,158],{"class":80},[66,48554,85],{"class":84},[66,48556,41198],{"class":88},[66,48558,85],{"class":84},[66,48560,3210],{"class":80},[1430,48562,48564],{"id":48563},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48566,48515],{},[57,48568,48570],{"className":59,"code":48569,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48571,48572],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48573,48574],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48575,48569],{"class":1945},[20,48577,48578],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1430,48580,48582,48583],{"id":48581},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48584,48585],{},"int(None)",[20,48587,48588,48589,48591],{},"This fails because ",[15,48590,4071],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[57,48593,48595],{"className":59,"code":48594,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48596,48597,48606,48610,48616,48630,48642],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48598,48599,48601,48603],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48600,2745],{"class":72},[66,48602,77],{"class":76},[66,48604,48605],{"class":4146}," None\n",[66,48607,48608],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,48609,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,48611,48612,48614],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,48613,29869],{"class":1060},[66,48615,1133],{"class":80},[66,48617,48618,48620,48622,48624,48626,48628],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,48619,1081],{"class":154},[66,48621,158],{"class":80},[66,48623,2486],{"class":173},[66,48625,158],{"class":80},[66,48627,2771],{"class":137},[66,48629,181],{"class":80},[66,48631,48632,48634,48636,48638,48640],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,48633,29900],{"class":1060},[66,48635,48264],{"class":173},[66,48637,47435],{"class":1060},[66,48639,47438],{"class":72},[66,48641,1133],{"class":80},[66,48643,48644,48646,48648,48650],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,48645,1081],{"class":154},[66,48647,158],{"class":80},[66,48649,47467],{"class":137},[66,48651,163],{"class":80},[1430,48653,48655],{"id":48654},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48657,48515],{},[57,48659,48660],{"className":59,"code":48046,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,48661,48662],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48663,48664],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48665,48046],{"class":1945},[20,48667,48668],{},"Use a string instead:",[57,48670,48671],{"className":59,"code":47899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,48672,48673],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48674,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683,48685,48687,48689,48691,48693],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48676,155],{"class":154},[66,48678,158],{"class":80},[66,48680,2486],{"class":173},[66,48682,158],{"class":80},[66,48684,85],{"class":84},[66,48686,46669],{"class":88},[66,48688,85],{"class":84},[66,48690,105],{"class":80},[66,48692,1719],{"class":117},[66,48694,181],{"class":80},[1430,48696,1433,48698,48700],{"id":48697},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48699,3175],{}," to round",[20,48702,48703],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[57,48705,48707],{"className":59,"code":48706,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48708,48709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48710,48711,48713,48715,48717,48719,48722],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48712,155],{"class":154},[66,48714,158],{"class":80},[66,48716,2486],{"class":173},[66,48718,158],{"class":80},[66,48720,48721],{"class":117},"4.9",[66,48723,181],{"class":80},[20,48725,187],{},[57,48727,48729],{"className":59,"code":48728,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4\n",[15,48730,48731],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48732,48733],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48734,48728],{"class":117},[20,48736,3467,48737,48739,48740,48742],{},[15,48738,2433],{},", remember that ",[15,48741,3175],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[52,48744,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,48746,12986,48748,48750],{"id":48747},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48749,3175],{}," round numbers?",[20,48752,46442,48753,48755],{},[15,48754,3175],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1430,48757,5453,48759,48762],{"id":48758},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48760,48761],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48764,29126,48765,48767,48768,48770,48771,40003],{},[15,48766,48172],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48769,3182],{}," first, then use ",[15,48772,3175],{},[1430,48774,5438,48776,12998],{"id":48775},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48777,48778],{},"int(True)",[20,48780,5443,48781,28378,48783,42230,48785,50],{},[15,48782,1714],{},[15,48784,3967],{},[15,48786,2021],{},[1430,48788,48790],{"id":48789},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48792,48793],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[52,48795,2183],{"id":2182},[30,48797,48798,48804,48810,48816,48821,48825,48831],{},[33,48799,48800],{},[652,48801,48802,3803],{"href":3179},[15,48803,3182],{},[33,48805,48806],{},[652,48807,48808,3803],{"href":42250},[15,48809,47761],{},[33,48811,48812],{},[652,48813,48814,3803],{"href":6075},[15,48815,4106],{},[33,48817,48818],{},[652,48819,48820],{"href":3260},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48822,48823],{},[652,48824,9351],{"href":9273},[33,48826,48827],{},[652,48828,48829,3803],{"href":8512},[15,48830,3256],{},[33,48832,48833],{},[652,48834,30413,48835],{"href":45993},[15,48836,45994],{},[2222,48838,48839],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":48841},[48842,48843,48845,48849,48854,48856,48858,48863,48867,48869,48878,48887],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":46706,"depth":124,"text":48844},"What int() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":48846},[48847,48848],{"id":46897,"depth":144,"text":46900},{"id":46997,"depth":144,"text":47000},{"id":47133,"depth":124,"text":48850,"children":48851},"Using int() with strings",[48852,48853],{"id":47255,"depth":144,"text":47256},{"id":47343,"depth":144,"text":47344},{"id":47618,"depth":124,"text":48855},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47764,"depth":124,"text":48857},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47884,"depth":124,"text":47885,"children":48859},[48860,48861,48862],{"id":47895,"depth":144,"text":47896},{"id":47964,"depth":144,"text":47965},{"id":48005,"depth":144,"text":48006},{"id":48063,"depth":124,"text":48064,"children":48864},[48865,48866],{"id":41588,"depth":144,"text":40778},{"id":41654,"depth":144,"text":3302},{"id":48407,"depth":124,"text":48868},"When to use int()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":48870},[48871,48872,48873,48875,48876],{"id":48511,"depth":144,"text":48512},{"id":48563,"depth":144,"text":48564},{"id":48581,"depth":144,"text":48874},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48654,"depth":144,"text":48655},{"id":48697,"depth":144,"text":48877},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":48879},[48880,48882,48884,48886],{"id":48747,"depth":144,"text":48881},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48758,"depth":144,"text":48883},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48775,"depth":144,"text":48885},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48789,"depth":144,"text":48790},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42171,"description":48888},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48895,"title":48896,"body":48897,"description":50733,"extension":2260,"meta":50734,"navigation":147,"path":44879,"seo":50735,"stem":50736,"__hash__":50737},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48898,"toc":50689},[48899,48904,48909,48917,48926,48928,48987,48993,48998,49003,49006,49034,49037,49040,49051,49061,49063,49065,49085,49089,49117,49119,49158,49160,49168,49170,49173,49177,49230,49232,49244,49248,49305,49307,49319,49325,49331,49335,49338,49341,49407,49409,49421,49427,49429,49481,49484,49525,49528,49535,49544,49550,49553,49586,49592,49595,49626,49632,49635,49647,49651,49656,49660,49818,49820,49835,49838,49842,49946,49948,49965,49969,50030,50032,50040,50043,50047,50114,50116,50125,50131,50133,50142,50144,50179,50184,50186,50216,50220,50222,50259,50262,50264,50301,50307,50309,50359,50361,50369,50379,50385,50389,50394,50443,50445,50458,50461,50463,50466,50541,50544,50563,50566,50596,50606,50608,50613,50620,50626,50632,50639,50647,50653,50656,50658,50686],[10,48900,3870,48902,3874],{"id":48901},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48903,44882],{},[20,48905,48906,48908],{},[15,48907,44882],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48910,48911,48912,3176,48914,48916],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48913,1386],{},[15,48915,3967],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48918,48919,48920,48922,48923,48925],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48921,44882],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48924,2599],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[52,48927,3903],{"id":3902},[57,48929,48931],{"className":59,"code":48930,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48932,48933,48941,48945,48966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,48934,48935,48937,48939],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,48936,2745],{"class":72},[66,48938,77],{"class":76},[66,48940,2886],{"class":117},[66,48942,48943],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,48944,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,48946,48947,48949,48951,48954,48956,48958,48960,48962,48964],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,48948,155],{"class":154},[66,48950,158],{"class":80},[66,48952,48953],{"class":154},"isinstance",[66,48955,158],{"class":80},[66,48957,2771],{"class":137},[66,48959,105],{"class":80},[66,48961,45353],{"class":173},[66,48963,5658],{"class":80},[66,48965,43931],{"class":1945},[66,48967,48968,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978,48980,48983,48985],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,48969,155],{"class":154},[66,48971,158],{"class":80},[66,48973,48953],{"class":154},[66,48975,158],{"class":80},[66,48977,2771],{"class":137},[66,48979,105],{"class":80},[66,48981,48982],{"class":173}," str",[66,48984,5658],{"class":80},[66,48986,43948],{"class":1945},[20,48988,243,48989,48992],{},[15,48990,48991],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[52,48994,250,48996,253],{"id":48995},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48997,44882],{},[20,48999,49000,49002],{},[15,49001,44882],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49004,49005],{},"It:",[30,49007,49008,49011,49017,49020],{},[33,49009,49010],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,49012,11706,49013,3176,49015],{},[15,49014,1386],{},[15,49016,3967],{},[33,49018,49019],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,49021,49022,49023,2487,49025,2487,49027,2487,49029,17341,49032],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49024,3737],{},[15,49026,2486],{},[15,49028,174],{},[15,49030,49031],{},"tuple",[15,49033,9114],{},[20,49035,49036],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49038,49039],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,49041,49042,49045,49048],{},[33,49043,49044],{},"loop through a list",[33,49046,49047],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,49049,49050],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49052,49053,49054,3176,49057,50],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[652,49055,44874],{"href":49056},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[652,49058,49060],{"href":49059},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[52,49062,2455],{"id":2454},[20,49064,662],{},[57,49066,49068],{"className":59,"code":49067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49069,49070],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49071,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080,49083],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49073,48953],{"class":154},[66,49075,158],{"class":80},[66,49077,42474],{"class":173},[66,49079,105],{"class":80},[66,49081,49082],{"class":137}," classinfo",[66,49084,163],{"class":80},[1430,49086,49088],{"id":49087},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,49090,49091,49096,49110],{},[33,49092,49093,49095],{},[15,49094,42474],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,49097,49098,49101,49102,2487,49104,2487,49106,2491,49108],{},[15,49099,49100],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49103,2486],{},[15,49105,3737],{},[15,49107,174],{},[15,49109,9114],{},[33,49111,49112,49113,3176,49115],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49114,1386],{},[15,49116,3967],{},[20,49118,281],{},[57,49120,49122],{"className":59,"code":49121,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49123,49124,49136,49140],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49125,49126,49128,49130,49132,49134],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49127,8170],{"class":72},[66,49129,77],{"class":76},[66,49131,97],{"class":84},[66,49133,11790],{"class":88},[66,49135,376],{"class":84},[66,49137,49138],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49139,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49141,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152,49154,49156],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49143,155],{"class":154},[66,49145,158],{"class":80},[66,49147,48953],{"class":154},[66,49149,158],{"class":80},[66,49151,89],{"class":137},[66,49153,105],{"class":80},[66,49155,48982],{"class":173},[66,49157,181],{"class":80},[20,49159,187],{},[57,49161,49162],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,49163,49164],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49165,49166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49167,4272],{"class":4146},[52,49169,11756],{"id":11755},[20,49171,49172],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1430,49174,49176],{"id":49175},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[57,49178,49180],{"className":59,"code":49179,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49181,49182,49190,49194,49212],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49183,49184,49186,49188],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49185,2745],{"class":72},[66,49187,77],{"class":76},[66,49189,45302],{"class":117},[66,49191,49192],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49193,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49195,49196,49198,49200,49202,49204,49206,49208,49210],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49197,155],{"class":154},[66,49199,158],{"class":80},[66,49201,48953],{"class":154},[66,49203,158],{"class":80},[66,49205,2771],{"class":137},[66,49207,105],{"class":80},[66,49209,45353],{"class":173},[66,49211,181],{"class":80},[66,49213,49214,49216,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,49215,155],{"class":154},[66,49217,158],{"class":80},[66,49219,48953],{"class":154},[66,49221,158],{"class":80},[66,49223,2771],{"class":137},[66,49225,105],{"class":80},[66,49227,48982],{"class":173},[66,49229,181],{"class":80},[20,49231,187],{},[57,49233,49234],{"className":59,"code":44250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,49235,49236,49240],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49237,49238],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49239,4272],{"class":4146},[66,49241,49242],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49243,4333],{"class":4146},[1430,49245,49247],{"id":49246},"check-text","Check text",[57,49249,49251],{"className":59,"code":49250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49252,49253,49265,49269,49287],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49254,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49256,34756],{"class":72},[66,49258,77],{"class":76},[66,49260,97],{"class":84},[66,49262,4139],{"class":88},[66,49264,376],{"class":84},[66,49266,49267],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49268,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49270,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49272,155],{"class":154},[66,49274,158],{"class":80},[66,49276,48953],{"class":154},[66,49278,158],{"class":80},[66,49280,34777],{"class":137},[66,49282,105],{"class":80},[66,49284,48982],{"class":173},[66,49286,181],{"class":80},[66,49288,49289,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,49290,155],{"class":154},[66,49292,158],{"class":80},[66,49294,48953],{"class":154},[66,49296,158],{"class":80},[66,49298,34777],{"class":137},[66,49300,105],{"class":80},[66,49302,45353],{"class":173},[66,49304,181],{"class":80},[20,49306,187],{},[57,49308,49309],{"className":59,"code":44250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,49310,49311,49315],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49312,49313],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49314,4272],{"class":4146},[66,49316,49317],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49318,4333],{"class":4146},[20,49320,49321,49322,49324],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49323,44882],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49326,49327,49328,50],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[652,49329,49330],{"href":3260},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[52,49332,49334],{"id":49333},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49336,49337],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49339,49340],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[57,49342,49344],{"className":59,"code":49343,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49345,49346,49355,49359,49383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49347,49348,49350,49352],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49349,2745],{"class":72},[66,49351,77],{"class":76},[66,49353,49354],{"class":117}," 3.5\n",[66,49356,49357],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49358,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49360,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49375,49377,49379,49381],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49362,155],{"class":154},[66,49364,158],{"class":80},[66,49366,48953],{"class":154},[66,49368,158],{"class":80},[66,49370,2771],{"class":137},[66,49372,105],{"class":80},[66,49374,9527],{"class":80},[66,49376,2486],{"class":173},[66,49378,105],{"class":80},[66,49380,40329],{"class":173},[66,49382,3210],{"class":80},[66,49384,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,49386,155],{"class":154},[66,49388,158],{"class":80},[66,49390,48953],{"class":154},[66,49392,158],{"class":80},[66,49394,2771],{"class":137},[66,49396,105],{"class":80},[66,49398,9527],{"class":80},[66,49400,3737],{"class":173},[66,49402,105],{"class":80},[66,49404,1656],{"class":173},[66,49406,3210],{"class":80},[20,49408,187],{},[57,49410,49411],{"className":59,"code":44250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,49412,49413,49417],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49414,49415],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49416,4272],{"class":4146},[66,49418,49419],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49420,4333],{"class":4146},[20,49422,49423,49424,49426],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49425,40911],{}," conditions.",[20,49428,8591],{},[57,49430,49432],{"className":59,"code":49431,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49433,49434,49442,49446],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49435,49436,49438,49440],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49437,2745],{"class":72},[66,49439,77],{"class":76},[66,49441,49354],{"class":117},[66,49443,49444],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49445,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49447,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477,49479],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49449,155],{"class":154},[66,49451,158],{"class":80},[66,49453,912],{"class":173},[66,49455,158],{"class":80},[66,49457,2771],{"class":137},[66,49459,3954],{"class":80},[66,49461,6700],{"class":76},[66,49463,45353],{"class":173},[66,49465,48313],{"class":1060},[66,49467,49468],{"class":173}," type",[66,49470,158],{"class":80},[66,49472,2771],{"class":137},[66,49474,3954],{"class":80},[66,49476,6700],{"class":76},[66,49478,40329],{"class":173},[66,49480,163],{"class":80},[20,49482,49483],{},"you can write this:",[57,49485,49487],{"className":59,"code":49486,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49488,49489,49497,49501],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49490,49491,49493,49495],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49492,2745],{"class":72},[66,49494,77],{"class":76},[66,49496,49354],{"class":117},[66,49498,49499],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49500,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49502,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513,49515,49517,49519,49521,49523],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49504,155],{"class":154},[66,49506,158],{"class":80},[66,49508,48953],{"class":154},[66,49510,158],{"class":80},[66,49512,2771],{"class":137},[66,49514,105],{"class":80},[66,49516,9527],{"class":80},[66,49518,2486],{"class":173},[66,49520,105],{"class":80},[66,49522,40329],{"class":173},[66,49524,3210],{"class":80},[20,49526,49527],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[52,49529,49531,10871,49533],{"id":49530},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49532,44882],{},[15,49534,2599],{},[20,49536,10876,49537,4688,49539,49543],{},[15,49538,44882],{},[652,49540,49541],{"href":2596},[15,49542,2599],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1430,49545,49547],{"id":49546},"typevalue-int",[15,49548,49549],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49551,49552],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[57,49554,49556],{"className":59,"code":49555,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49557,49558,49566],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49559,49560,49562,49564],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49561,2745],{"class":72},[66,49563,77],{"class":76},[66,49565,2886],{"class":117},[66,49567,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49569,155],{"class":154},[66,49571,158],{"class":80},[66,49573,912],{"class":173},[66,49575,158],{"class":80},[66,49577,2771],{"class":137},[66,49579,3954],{"class":80},[66,49581,6700],{"class":76},[66,49583,45353],{"class":173},[66,49585,163],{"class":80},[1430,49587,49589],{"id":49588},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49590,49591],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49593,49594],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[57,49596,49598],{"className":59,"code":49597,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49599,49600,49608],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49601,49602,49604,49606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49603,2745],{"class":72},[66,49605,77],{"class":76},[66,49607,2886],{"class":117},[66,49609,49610,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49611,155],{"class":154},[66,49613,158],{"class":80},[66,49615,48953],{"class":154},[66,49617,158],{"class":80},[66,49619,2771],{"class":137},[66,49621,105],{"class":80},[66,49623,45353],{"class":173},[66,49625,181],{"class":80},[20,49627,49628,49629,49631],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49630,44882],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49633,49634],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49636,49637,49642],{},[33,49638,40064,49639,49641],{},[15,49640,2599],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49643,40064,49644,49646],{},[15,49645,44882],{}," when you want a practical type check",[52,49648,49650],{"id":49649},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49652,49653,49654,50],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49655,44882],{},[1430,49657,49659],{"id":49658},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[57,49661,49663],{"className":59,"code":49662,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49664,49665,49683,49702,49714,49719,49737,49748,49752,49764,49768,49792],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49666,49667,49669,49672,49674,49676,49678,49681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49668,34920],{"class":957},[66,49670,49671],{"class":34923}," repeat_text",[66,49673,158],{"class":80},[66,49675,34777],{"class":37735},[66,49677,105],{"class":80},[66,49679,49680],{"class":37735}," count",[66,49682,8635],{"class":80},[66,49684,49685,49687,49689,49692,49694,49696,49698,49700],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49686,6690],{"class":1060},[66,49688,8392],{"class":76},[66,49690,49691],{"class":154}," isinstance",[66,49693,158],{"class":80},[66,49695,34777],{"class":137},[66,49697,105],{"class":80},[66,49699,48982],{"class":173},[66,49701,8635],{"class":80},[66,49703,49704,49707,49709,49712],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49705,49706],{"class":1060},"        return",[66,49708,97],{"class":84},[66,49710,49711],{"class":88},"text must be a string",[66,49713,376],{"class":84},[66,49715,49716],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,49717,49718],{"class":72},"    \n",[66,49720,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,49722,6690],{"class":1060},[66,49724,8392],{"class":76},[66,49726,49691],{"class":154},[66,49728,158],{"class":80},[66,49730,41334],{"class":137},[66,49732,105],{"class":80},[66,49734,45353],{"class":173},[66,49736,8635],{"class":80},[66,49738,49739,49741,49743,49746],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,49740,49706],{"class":1060},[66,49742,97],{"class":84},[66,49744,49745],{"class":88},"count must be an integer",[66,49747,376],{"class":84},[66,49749,49750],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,49751,49718],{"class":72},[66,49753,49754,49756,49759,49761],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,49755,34931],{"class":1060},[66,49757,49758],{"class":72}," text ",[66,49760,39946],{"class":76},[66,49762,49763],{"class":72}," count\n",[66,49765,49766],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,49767,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49769,49770,49772,49774,49777,49779,49781,49784,49786,49788,49790],{"class":68,"line":6729},[66,49771,155],{"class":154},[66,49773,158],{"class":80},[66,49775,49776],{"class":137},"repeat_text",[66,49778,158],{"class":80},[66,49780,85],{"class":84},[66,49782,49783],{"class":88},"Hi ",[66,49785,85],{"class":84},[66,49787,105],{"class":80},[66,49789,1724],{"class":117},[66,49791,181],{"class":80},[66,49793,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808,49810,49812,49814,49816],{"class":68,"line":11876},[66,49795,155],{"class":154},[66,49797,158],{"class":80},[66,49799,49776],{"class":137},[66,49801,158],{"class":80},[66,49803,85],{"class":84},[66,49805,49783],{"class":88},[66,49807,85],{"class":84},[66,49809,105],{"class":80},[66,49811,97],{"class":84},[66,49813,2360],{"class":88},[66,49815,85],{"class":84},[66,49817,181],{"class":80},[20,49819,187],{},[57,49821,49823],{"className":59,"code":49822,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49824,49825,49830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49826,49827],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49828,49829],{"class":72},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[66,49831,49832],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49833,49834],{"class":72},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49836,49837],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1430,49839,49841],{"id":49840},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[57,49843,49845],{"className":59,"code":49844,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49846,49847,49879,49883,49899,49914,49931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49848,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49850,2745],{"class":72},[66,49852,77],{"class":76},[66,49854,1711],{"class":80},[66,49856,85],{"class":84},[66,49858,652],{"class":88},[66,49860,85],{"class":84},[66,49862,105],{"class":80},[66,49864,97],{"class":84},[66,49866,1903],{"class":88},[66,49868,85],{"class":84},[66,49870,105],{"class":80},[66,49872,97],{"class":84},[66,49874,10027],{"class":88},[66,49876,85],{"class":84},[66,49878,240],{"class":80},[66,49880,49881],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49882,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49884,49885,49887,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49886,7291],{"class":1060},[66,49888,49691],{"class":154},[66,49890,158],{"class":80},[66,49892,2771],{"class":137},[66,49894,105],{"class":80},[66,49896,48982],{"class":173},[66,49898,8635],{"class":80},[66,49900,49901,49903,49905,49907,49910,49912],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,49902,1081],{"class":154},[66,49904,158],{"class":80},[66,49906,85],{"class":84},[66,49908,49909],{"class":88},"This is text",[66,49911,85],{"class":84},[66,49913,163],{"class":80},[66,49915,49916,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,49917,49918],{"class":1060},"elif",[66,49920,49691],{"class":154},[66,49922,158],{"class":80},[66,49924,2771],{"class":137},[66,49926,105],{"class":80},[66,49928,1656],{"class":173},[66,49930,8635],{"class":80},[66,49932,49933,49935,49937,49939,49942,49944],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,49934,1081],{"class":154},[66,49936,158],{"class":80},[66,49938,85],{"class":84},[66,49940,49941],{"class":88},"This is a list",[66,49943,85],{"class":84},[66,49945,163],{"class":80},[20,49947,187],{},[57,49949,49951],{"className":59,"code":49950,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"This is a list\n",[15,49952,49953],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49954,49955,49958,49960,49962],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49956,49957],{"class":72},"This ",[66,49959,12475],{"class":76},[66,49961,44621],{"class":72},[66,49963,49964],{"class":173},"list\n",[1430,49966,49968],{"id":49967},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[57,49970,49972],{"className":59,"code":49971,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49973,49974,49986,49990,50006,50020],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,49975,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,49977,2745],{"class":72},[66,49979,77],{"class":76},[66,49981,97],{"class":84},[66,49983,46603],{"class":88},[66,49985,376],{"class":84},[66,49987,49988],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,49989,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,49991,49992,49994,49996,49998,50000,50002,50004],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,49993,7291],{"class":1060},[66,49995,49691],{"class":154},[66,49997,158],{"class":80},[66,49999,2771],{"class":137},[66,50001,105],{"class":80},[66,50003,48982],{"class":173},[66,50005,8635],{"class":80},[66,50007,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,50009,41965],{"class":72},[66,50011,77],{"class":76},[66,50013,45353],{"class":173},[66,50015,158],{"class":80},[66,50017,2771],{"class":137},[66,50019,163],{"class":80},[66,50021,50022,50024,50026,50028],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,50023,1081],{"class":154},[66,50025,158],{"class":80},[66,50027,2537],{"class":137},[66,50029,163],{"class":80},[20,50031,187],{},[57,50033,50034],{"className":59,"code":46689,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,50035,50036],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50037,50038],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50039,46689],{"class":117},[20,50041,50042],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1430,50044,50046],{"id":50045},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[57,50048,50050],{"className":59,"code":50049,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50051,50052,50076,50080,50096],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50053,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072,50074],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50055,2745],{"class":72},[66,50057,77],{"class":76},[66,50059,81],{"class":80},[66,50061,85],{"class":84},[66,50063,89],{"class":88},[66,50065,85],{"class":84},[66,50067,94],{"class":80},[66,50069,97],{"class":84},[66,50071,100],{"class":88},[66,50073,85],{"class":84},[66,50075,121],{"class":80},[66,50077,50078],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50079,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,50081,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,50083,7291],{"class":1060},[66,50085,49691],{"class":154},[66,50087,158],{"class":80},[66,50089,2771],{"class":137},[66,50091,105],{"class":80},[66,50093,9462],{"class":173},[66,50095,8635],{"class":80},[66,50097,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,50099,1081],{"class":154},[66,50101,158],{"class":80},[66,50103,2771],{"class":137},[66,50105,223],{"class":80},[66,50107,85],{"class":84},[66,50109,89],{"class":88},[66,50111,85],{"class":84},[66,50113,218],{"class":80},[20,50115,187],{},[57,50117,50119],{"className":59,"code":50118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana\n",[15,50120,50121],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50122,50123],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50124,50118],{"class":72},[20,50126,50127,50128,50130],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50129,3302],{}," messages later.",[52,50132,4814],{"id":4813},[1430,50134,50136,50137,11376,50140],{"id":50135},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50138,50139],{},"\"int\"",[15,50141,2486],{},[20,50143,16918],{},[57,50145,50147],{"className":59,"code":50146,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50148,50149,50157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50150,50151,50153,50155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50152,2745],{"class":72},[66,50154,77],{"class":76},[66,50156,2886],{"class":117},[66,50158,50159,50161,50163,50165,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175,50177],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50160,155],{"class":154},[66,50162,158],{"class":80},[66,50164,48953],{"class":154},[66,50166,158],{"class":80},[66,50168,2771],{"class":137},[66,50170,105],{"class":80},[66,50172,97],{"class":84},[66,50174,2486],{"class":88},[66,50176,85],{"class":84},[66,50178,181],{"class":80},[20,50180,50181,50183],{},[15,50182,50139],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50185,695],{},[57,50187,50188],{"className":59,"code":49597,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,50189,50190,50198],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50191,50192,50194,50196],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50193,2745],{"class":72},[66,50195,77],{"class":76},[66,50197,2886],{"class":117},[66,50199,50200,50202,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50201,155],{"class":154},[66,50203,158],{"class":80},[66,50205,48953],{"class":154},[66,50207,158],{"class":80},[66,50209,2771],{"class":137},[66,50211,105],{"class":80},[66,50213,45353],{"class":173},[66,50215,181],{"class":80},[1430,50217,50219],{"id":50218},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50221,16918],{},[57,50223,50225],{"className":59,"code":50224,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50226,50227,50235],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50228,50229,50231,50233],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50230,2745],{"class":72},[66,50232,77],{"class":76},[66,50234,34911],{"class":117},[66,50236,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50238,155],{"class":154},[66,50240,158],{"class":80},[66,50242,48953],{"class":154},[66,50244,158],{"class":80},[66,50246,2771],{"class":137},[66,50248,105],{"class":80},[66,50250,1711],{"class":80},[66,50252,2486],{"class":173},[66,50254,105],{"class":80},[66,50256,40329],{"class":173},[66,50258,3296],{"class":80},[20,50260,50261],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50263,695],{},[57,50265,50267],{"className":59,"code":50266,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50268,50269,50277],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50270,50271,50273,50275],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50272,2745],{"class":72},[66,50274,77],{"class":76},[66,50276,34911],{"class":117},[66,50278,50279,50281,50283,50285,50287,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50280,155],{"class":154},[66,50282,158],{"class":80},[66,50284,48953],{"class":154},[66,50286,158],{"class":80},[66,50288,2771],{"class":137},[66,50290,105],{"class":80},[66,50292,9527],{"class":80},[66,50294,2486],{"class":173},[66,50296,105],{"class":80},[66,50298,40329],{"class":173},[66,50300,3210],{"class":80},[1430,50302,1854,50304,50306],{"id":50303},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50305,44882],{}," converts a value",[20,50308,19173],{},[57,50310,50312],{"className":59,"code":50311,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50313,50314,50327,50345,50349],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50315,50316,50318,50320,50322,50325],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50317,2745],{"class":72},[66,50319,77],{"class":76},[66,50321,97],{"class":84},[66,50323,50324],{"class":88},"123",[66,50326,376],{"class":84},[66,50328,50329,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50330,877],{"class":72},[66,50332,77],{"class":76},[66,50334,49691],{"class":154},[66,50336,158],{"class":80},[66,50338,2771],{"class":137},[66,50340,105],{"class":80},[66,50342,45353],{"class":173},[66,50344,163],{"class":80},[66,50346,50347],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,50348,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,50350,50351,50353,50355,50357],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,50352,155],{"class":154},[66,50354,158],{"class":80},[66,50356,901],{"class":137},[66,50358,163],{"class":80},[20,50360,187],{},[57,50362,50363],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,50364,50365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50366,50367],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50368,4333],{"class":4146},[20,50370,50371,50372,50375,50376,50378],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50373,50374],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50377,50324],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50380,50381,50382,6924],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50383,50384],{},"int(value)",[1430,50386,50388],{"id":50387},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50390,50391,50393],{},[15,50392,44882],{}," does not modify anything.",[57,50395,50397],{"className":59,"code":50396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50398,50399,50411,50415,50433],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50400,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50402,2745],{"class":72},[66,50404,77],{"class":76},[66,50406,97],{"class":84},[66,50408,13835],{"class":88},[66,50410,376],{"class":84},[66,50412,50413],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50414,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,50416,50417,50419,50421,50423,50425,50427,50429,50431],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,50418,155],{"class":154},[66,50420,158],{"class":80},[66,50422,48953],{"class":154},[66,50424,158],{"class":80},[66,50426,2771],{"class":137},[66,50428,105],{"class":80},[66,50430,48982],{"class":173},[66,50432,181],{"class":80},[66,50434,50435,50437,50439,50441],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,50436,155],{"class":154},[66,50438,158],{"class":80},[66,50440,2771],{"class":137},[66,50442,163],{"class":80},[20,50444,187],{},[57,50446,50448],{"className":59,"code":50447,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\n100\n",[15,50449,50450,50454],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50451,50452],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50453,4272],{"class":4146},[66,50455,50456],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50457,47340],{"class":117},[20,50459,50460],{},"The value stays the same.",[52,50462,2027],{"id":2026},[20,50464,50465],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[57,50467,50469],{"className":59,"code":50468,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50470,50471,50485,50503,50527],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50472,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50474,155],{"class":154},[66,50476,158],{"class":80},[66,50478,912],{"class":173},[66,50480,158],{"class":80},[66,50482,2771],{"class":137},[66,50484,181],{"class":80},[66,50486,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50488,155],{"class":154},[66,50490,158],{"class":80},[66,50492,48953],{"class":154},[66,50494,158],{"class":80},[66,50496,2771],{"class":137},[66,50498,105],{"class":80},[66,50500,45353],{"class":173},[66,50502,181],{"class":80},[66,50504,50505,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519,50521,50523,50525],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,50506,155],{"class":154},[66,50508,158],{"class":80},[66,50510,48953],{"class":154},[66,50512,158],{"class":80},[66,50514,2771],{"class":137},[66,50516,105],{"class":80},[66,50518,9527],{"class":80},[66,50520,2486],{"class":173},[66,50522,105],{"class":80},[66,50524,40329],{"class":173},[66,50526,3210],{"class":80},[66,50528,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,50530,155],{"class":154},[66,50532,158],{"class":80},[66,50534,41854],{"class":154},[66,50536,158],{"class":80},[66,50538,2771],{"class":137},[66,50540,181],{"class":80},[20,50542,50543],{},"These can help when:",[30,50545,50546,50549,50554,50557],{},[33,50547,50548],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50550,50551,50552],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50553,3302],{},[33,50555,50556],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50558,50559,50560,50562],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50561,44882],{}," is invalid",[20,50564,50565],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50567,50568,50582,50588,50593],{},[33,50569,50570,50571,3176,50574,50577,50578,3176,50580],{},"using ",[15,50572,50573],{},"'int'",[15,50575,50576],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50579,2486],{},[15,50581,3737],{},[33,50583,50584,50585,50587],{},"expecting ",[15,50586,44882],{}," to convert a value",[33,50589,50570,50590,50592],{},[15,50591,2599],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50594,50595],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50597,50598,50599,50],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[652,50600,50602,50603],{"href":50601},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50604,50605],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[52,50607,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,50609,5438,50611,2122],{"id":50610},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50612,44882],{},[20,50614,5443,50615,50617,50618,50],{},[15,50616,1386],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50619,3967],{},[1430,50621,5465,50623,50625],{"id":50622},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50624,44882],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50627,50628,50629,50],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50630,50631],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1430,50633,5475,50635,4688,50637,2151],{"id":50634},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50636,44882],{},[15,50638,2599],{},[20,50640,50641,50643,50644,50646],{},[15,50642,2599],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50645,44882],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1430,50648,12986,50650,50652],{"id":50649},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50651,44882],{}," convert a value?",[20,50654,50655],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[52,50657,2183],{"id":2182},[30,50659,50660,50666,50670,50675,50680],{},[33,50661,50662],{},[652,50663,3870,50664,3803],{"href":2596},[15,50665,2599],{},[33,50667,50668],{},[652,50669,44874],{"href":49056},[33,50671,50672],{},[652,50673,50674],{"href":3260},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50676,50677],{},[652,50678,50679],{"href":49059},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50681,50682],{},[652,50683,50602,50684],{"href":50601},[15,50685,50605],{},[2222,50687,50688],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":50690},[50691,50692,50694,50697,50701,50702,50707,50713,50721,50722,50732],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":48995,"depth":124,"text":50693},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":50695},[50696],{"id":49087,"depth":144,"text":49088},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756,"children":50698},[50699,50700],{"id":49175,"depth":144,"text":49176},{"id":49246,"depth":144,"text":49247},{"id":49333,"depth":124,"text":49334},{"id":49530,"depth":124,"text":50703,"children":50704},"isinstance() vs type()",[50705,50706],{"id":49546,"depth":144,"text":49549},{"id":49588,"depth":144,"text":49591},{"id":49649,"depth":124,"text":49650,"children":50708},[50709,50710,50711,50712],{"id":49658,"depth":144,"text":49659},{"id":49840,"depth":144,"text":49841},{"id":49967,"depth":144,"text":49968},{"id":50045,"depth":144,"text":50046},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":50714},[50715,50717,50718,50720],{"id":50135,"depth":144,"text":50716},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50218,"depth":144,"text":50219},{"id":50303,"depth":144,"text":50719},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50387,"depth":144,"text":50388},{"id":2026,"depth":124,"text":2027},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":50723},[50724,50726,50728,50730],{"id":50610,"depth":144,"text":50725},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50622,"depth":144,"text":50727},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50634,"depth":144,"text":50729},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50649,"depth":144,"text":50731},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48896,"description":50733},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50739,"title":50740,"body":50741,"description":52714,"extension":2260,"meta":52715,"navigation":147,"path":52716,"seo":52717,"stem":52718,"__hash__":52719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50742,"toc":52689},[50743,50746,50751,50756,50770,50773,50775,50850,50855,50859,50864,50867,50881,50883,51049,51062,51064,51066,51081,51084,51087,51100,51102,51200,51204,51210,51213,51222,51224,51259,51264,51285,51290,51295,51327,51330,51387,51391,51397,51400,51453,51455,51495,51498,51566,51569,51620,51627,51631,51637,51722,51728,51734,51783,51786,51789,51839,51841,51846,51850,51900,51904,51951,51955,52032,52036,52101,52104,52108,52113,52118,52130,52132,52151,52157,52160,52179,52184,52211,52218,52222,52228,52231,52326,52329,52332,52381,52386,52388,52392,52427,52430,52487,52497,52500,52534,52537,52539,52543,52546,52550,52553,52557,52560,52564,52577,52581,52586,52588,52638,52650,52652,52686],[10,50744,50740],{"id":50745},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50747,9416,50748,50750],{},[15,50749,42436],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50752,35475,50753,50755],{},[15,50754,42436],{}," to count:",[30,50757,50758,50761,50764,50767],{},[33,50759,50760],{},"characters in a string",[33,50762,50763],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50765,50766],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50768,50769],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50771,50772],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[52,50774,55],{"id":54},[57,50776,50778],{"className":59,"code":50777,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50779,50780,50792,50812,50816,50833],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50781,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50783,34756],{"class":72},[66,50785,77],{"class":76},[66,50787,97],{"class":84},[66,50789,4139],{"class":88},[66,50791,376],{"class":84},[66,50793,50794,50796,50798,50800,50802,50804,50806,50808,50810],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50795,8073],{"class":72},[66,50797,77],{"class":76},[66,50799,1711],{"class":80},[66,50801,2628],{"class":117},[66,50803,105],{"class":80},[66,50805,118],{"class":117},[66,50807,105],{"class":80},[66,50809,8088],{"class":117},[66,50811,240],{"class":80},[66,50813,50814],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,50815,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,50817,50818,50820,50822,50824,50826,50828,50830],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,50819,155],{"class":154},[66,50821,158],{"class":80},[66,50823,11445],{"class":154},[66,50825,158],{"class":80},[66,50827,34777],{"class":137},[66,50829,5658],{"class":80},[66,50831,50832],{"class":1945},"   # 5\n",[66,50834,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,50836,155],{"class":154},[66,50838,158],{"class":80},[66,50840,11445],{"class":154},[66,50842,158],{"class":80},[66,50844,8103],{"class":137},[66,50846,5658],{"class":80},[66,50848,50849],{"class":1945},"  # 3\n",[20,50851,243,50852,50854],{},[15,50853,42436],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[52,50856,50858],{"id":50857},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50860,50861,50863],{},[15,50862,42436],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50865,50866],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50868,50869,50872,50875,50878],{},[33,50870,50871],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50873,50874],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50876,50877],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50879,50880],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50882,281],{},[57,50884,50886],{"className":59,"code":50885,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50887,50888,50900,50925,50957,50977,50981,50998,51015,51032],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,50889,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,50891,8170],{"class":72},[66,50893,77],{"class":76},[66,50895,97],{"class":84},[66,50897,7970],{"class":88},[66,50899,376],{"class":84},[66,50901,50902,50904,50906,50908,50910,50912,50914,50916,50918,50920,50923],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,50903,1706],{"class":72},[66,50905,77],{"class":76},[66,50907,1711],{"class":80},[66,50909,2628],{"class":117},[66,50911,105],{"class":80},[66,50913,118],{"class":117},[66,50915,105],{"class":80},[66,50917,8088],{"class":117},[66,50919,105],{"class":80},[66,50921,50922],{"class":117}," 40",[66,50924,240],{"class":80},[66,50926,50927,50929,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,50928,472],{"class":72},[66,50930,77],{"class":76},[66,50932,81],{"class":80},[66,50934,85],{"class":84},[66,50936,652],{"class":88},[66,50938,85],{"class":84},[66,50940,94],{"class":80},[66,50942,1896],{"class":117},[66,50944,105],{"class":80},[66,50946,97],{"class":84},[66,50948,1903],{"class":88},[66,50950,85],{"class":84},[66,50952,94],{"class":80},[66,50954,1719],{"class":117},[66,50956,121],{"class":80},[66,50958,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,50960,4116],{"class":72},[66,50962,77],{"class":76},[66,50964,81],{"class":80},[66,50966,2433],{"class":117},[66,50968,105],{"class":80},[66,50970,37716],{"class":117},[66,50972,105],{"class":80},[66,50974,6286],{"class":117},[66,50976,121],{"class":80},[66,50978,50979],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,50980,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,50982,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,50984,155],{"class":154},[66,50986,158],{"class":80},[66,50988,11445],{"class":154},[66,50990,158],{"class":80},[66,50992,89],{"class":137},[66,50994,5658],{"class":80},[66,50996,50997],{"class":1945},"     # 3\n",[66,50999,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,51001,155],{"class":154},[66,51003,158],{"class":80},[66,51005,11445],{"class":154},[66,51007,158],{"class":80},[66,51009,1735],{"class":137},[66,51011,5658],{"class":80},[66,51013,51014],{"class":1945},"  # 4\n",[66,51016,51017,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,51018,155],{"class":154},[66,51020,158],{"class":80},[66,51022,11445],{"class":154},[66,51024,158],{"class":80},[66,51026,535],{"class":137},[66,51028,5658],{"class":80},[66,51030,51031],{"class":1945},"     # 2\n",[66,51033,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,51035,155],{"class":154},[66,51037,158],{"class":80},[66,51039,11445],{"class":154},[66,51041,158],{"class":80},[66,51043,5655],{"class":137},[66,51045,5658],{"class":80},[66,51047,51048],{"class":1945},"   # 3\n",[20,51050,51051,51052,2487,51056,17341,51060,50],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[652,51053,51055],{"href":51054},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[652,51057,51059],{"href":51058},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[652,51061,9448],{"href":9447},[52,51063,2455],{"id":2454},[20,51065,662],{},[57,51067,51069],{"className":59,"code":51068,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"len(object)\n",[15,51070,51071],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51072,51073,51075,51077,51079],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51074,11445],{"class":154},[66,51076,158],{"class":80},[66,51078,42474],{"class":173},[66,51080,163],{"class":80},[20,51082,51083],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51085,51086],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,51088,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097],{},[33,51090,37980],{},[33,51092,37974],{},[33,51094,37977],{},[33,51096,37983],{},[33,51098,51099],{},"a dictionary",[20,51101,281],{},[57,51103,51105],{"className":59,"code":51104,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51106,51107,51128,51152,51174],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51108,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123,51125],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51110,155],{"class":154},[66,51112,158],{"class":80},[66,51114,11445],{"class":154},[66,51116,158],{"class":80},[66,51118,85],{"class":84},[66,51120,61],{"class":88},[66,51122,85],{"class":84},[66,51124,5658],{"class":80},[66,51126,51127],{"class":1945},"      # 6\n",[66,51129,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51131,155],{"class":154},[66,51133,158],{"class":80},[66,51135,11445],{"class":154},[66,51137,199],{"class":80},[66,51139,1714],{"class":117},[66,51141,105],{"class":80},[66,51143,1719],{"class":117},[66,51145,105],{"class":80},[66,51147,1724],{"class":117},[66,51149,5031],{"class":80},[66,51151,50997],{"class":1945},[66,51153,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51171],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,51155,155],{"class":154},[66,51157,158],{"class":80},[66,51159,11445],{"class":154},[66,51161,5805],{"class":80},[66,51163,2628],{"class":117},[66,51165,105],{"class":80},[66,51167,118],{"class":117},[66,51169,51170],{"class":80},")))",[66,51172,51173],{"class":1945},"      # 2\n",[66,51175,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51197],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,51177,155],{"class":154},[66,51179,158],{"class":80},[66,51181,11445],{"class":154},[66,51183,5824],{"class":80},[66,51185,85],{"class":84},[66,51187,2471],{"class":88},[66,51189,85],{"class":84},[66,51191,94],{"class":80},[66,51193,1896],{"class":117},[66,51195,51196],{"class":80},"}))",[66,51198,51199],{"class":1945},"      # 1\n",[52,51201,51203],{"id":51202},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51205,51206,51207,51209],{},"When you use ",[15,51208,42436],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51211,51212],{},"That includes:",[30,51214,51215,51217,51219],{},[33,51216,36214],{},[33,51218,10738],{},[33,51220,51221],{},"punctuation",[20,51223,281],{},[57,51225,51227],{"className":59,"code":51226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51228,51229,51242],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51230,51231,51233,51235,51237,51240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51232,34756],{"class":72},[66,51234,77],{"class":76},[66,51236,97],{"class":84},[66,51238,51239],{"class":88},"Hi there!",[66,51241,376],{"class":84},[66,51243,51244,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51245,155],{"class":154},[66,51247,158],{"class":80},[66,51249,11445],{"class":154},[66,51251,158],{"class":80},[66,51253,34777],{"class":137},[66,51255,5658],{"class":80},[66,51257,51258],{"class":1945},"  # 9\n",[20,51260,51261,51262,2151],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51263,2441],{},[30,51265,51266,51272,51276,51279],{},[33,51267,51268,51271],{},[15,51269,51270],{},"H"," = 1",[33,51273,51274,51271],{},[15,51275,36225],{},[33,51277,51278],{},"space = 1",[33,51280,51281,51284],{},[15,51282,51283],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51286,51287,51288],{},"Total: ",[15,51289,2441],{},[20,51291,51292,51293,94],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51294,2021],{},[57,51296,51298],{"className":59,"code":51297,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51299,51300,51309],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51301,51302,51305,51307],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51303,51304],{"class":72},"empty_text ",[66,51306,77],{"class":76},[66,51308,8175],{"class":84},[66,51310,51311,51313,51315,51317,51319,51322,51324],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51312,155],{"class":154},[66,51314,158],{"class":80},[66,51316,11445],{"class":154},[66,51318,158],{"class":80},[66,51320,51321],{"class":137},"empty_text",[66,51323,5658],{"class":80},[66,51325,51326],{"class":1945},"  # 0\n",[20,51328,51329],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[57,51331,51333],{"className":59,"code":51332,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51334,51335,51348,51352,51372],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51336,51337,51340,51342,51344,51346],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51338,51339],{"class":72},"user_name ",[66,51341,77],{"class":76},[66,51343,97],{"class":84},[66,51345,5299],{"class":88},[66,51347,376],{"class":84},[66,51349,51350],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51351,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,51353,51354,51356,51358,51360,51363,51365,51368,51370],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,51355,7291],{"class":1060},[66,51357,38459],{"class":154},[66,51359,158],{"class":80},[66,51361,51362],{"class":137},"user_name",[66,51364,3954],{"class":80},[66,51366,51367],{"class":76}," >=",[66,51369,1724],{"class":117},[66,51371,1133],{"class":80},[66,51373,51374,51376,51378,51380,51383,51385],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,51375,1081],{"class":154},[66,51377,158],{"class":80},[66,51379,85],{"class":84},[66,51381,51382],{"class":88},"Name is long enough",[66,51384,85],{"class":84},[66,51386,163],{"class":80},[52,51388,51390],{"id":51389},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51392,51393,51394,51396],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51395,42436],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51398,51399],{},"Example with a list:",[57,51401,51403],{"className":59,"code":51402,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51404,51405,51437],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51406,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51408,13356],{"class":72},[66,51410,77],{"class":76},[66,51412,1711],{"class":80},[66,51414,85],{"class":84},[66,51416,13373],{"class":88},[66,51418,85],{"class":84},[66,51420,105],{"class":80},[66,51422,97],{"class":84},[66,51424,17716],{"class":88},[66,51426,85],{"class":84},[66,51428,105],{"class":80},[66,51430,97],{"class":84},[66,51432,13390],{"class":88},[66,51434,85],{"class":84},[66,51436,240],{"class":80},[66,51438,51439,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51440,155],{"class":154},[66,51442,158],{"class":80},[66,51444,11445],{"class":154},[66,51446,158],{"class":80},[66,51448,17763],{"class":137},[66,51450,5658],{"class":80},[66,51452,50849],{"class":1945},[20,51454,37989],{},[57,51456,51458],{"className":59,"code":51457,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51459,51460,51477],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51461,51462,51465,51467,51469,51471,51473,51475],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51463,51464],{"class":72},"point ",[66,51466,77],{"class":76},[66,51468,9527],{"class":80},[66,51470,2628],{"class":117},[66,51472,105],{"class":80},[66,51474,118],{"class":117},[66,51476,163],{"class":80},[66,51478,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487,51490,51492],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51480,155],{"class":154},[66,51482,158],{"class":80},[66,51484,11445],{"class":154},[66,51486,158],{"class":80},[66,51488,51489],{"class":137},"point",[66,51491,5658],{"class":80},[66,51493,51494],{"class":1945},"  # 2\n",[20,51496,51497],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[57,51499,51501],{"className":59,"code":51500,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51502,51503,51527,51531,51549],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51504,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51506,8073],{"class":72},[66,51508,77],{"class":76},[66,51510,1711],{"class":80},[66,51512,85],{"class":84},[66,51514,4372],{"class":88},[66,51516,85],{"class":84},[66,51518,105],{"class":80},[66,51520,97],{"class":84},[66,51522,4381],{"class":88},[66,51524,85],{"class":84},[66,51526,240],{"class":80},[66,51528,51529],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51530,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,51532,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,51534,7291],{"class":1060},[66,51536,38459],{"class":154},[66,51538,158],{"class":80},[66,51540,8103],{"class":137},[66,51542,3954],{"class":80},[66,51544,38469],{"class":76},[66,51546,1896],{"class":117},[66,51548,1133],{"class":80},[66,51550,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,51552,1081],{"class":154},[66,51554,158],{"class":80},[66,51556,8103],{"class":137},[66,51558,223],{"class":80},[66,51560,1714],{"class":117},[66,51562,20705],{"class":80},[66,51564,51565],{"class":1945},"  # banana\n",[20,51567,51568],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[57,51570,51572],{"className":59,"code":51571,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51573,51574,51597],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51575,51576,51578,51580,51582,51585,51587,51590,51592,51595],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51577,5359],{"class":72},[66,51579,77],{"class":76},[66,51581,1711],{"class":80},[66,51583,51584],{"class":117},"88",[66,51586,105],{"class":80},[66,51588,51589],{"class":117}," 91",[66,51591,105],{"class":80},[66,51593,51594],{"class":117}," 75",[66,51596,240],{"class":80},[66,51598,51599,51601,51603,51605,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51600,155],{"class":154},[66,51602,158],{"class":80},[66,51604,85],{"class":84},[66,51606,51607],{"class":88},"Number of scores:",[66,51609,85],{"class":84},[66,51611,105],{"class":80},[66,51613,38459],{"class":154},[66,51615,158],{"class":80},[66,51617,16663],{"class":137},[66,51619,181],{"class":80},[20,51621,51622,51623,50],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[652,51624,51626],{"href":51625},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[52,51628,51630],{"id":51629},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51632,51633,51634,51636],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51635,42436],{}," counts keys.",[57,51638,51640],{"className":59,"code":51639,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51641,51642,51650,51668,51682,51698,51702,51706],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51643,51644,51646,51648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51645,73],{"class":72},[66,51647,77],{"class":76},[66,51649,11774],{"class":80},[66,51651,51652,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664,51666],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51653,11779],{"class":84},[66,51655,89],{"class":88},[66,51657,85],{"class":84},[66,51659,94],{"class":80},[66,51661,97],{"class":84},[66,51663,8215],{"class":88},[66,51665,85],{"class":84},[66,51667,11795],{"class":80},[66,51669,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,51671,11779],{"class":84},[66,51673,110],{"class":88},[66,51675,85],{"class":84},[66,51677,94],{"class":80},[66,51679,31009],{"class":117},[66,51681,11795],{"class":80},[66,51683,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,51685,11779],{"class":84},[66,51687,509],{"class":88},[66,51689,85],{"class":84},[66,51691,94],{"class":80},[66,51693,97],{"class":84},[66,51695,518],{"class":88},[66,51697,376],{"class":84},[66,51699,51700],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,51701,121],{"class":80},[66,51703,51704],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,51705,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,51707,51708,51710,51712,51714,51716,51718,51720],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,51709,155],{"class":154},[66,51711,158],{"class":80},[66,51713,11445],{"class":154},[66,51715,158],{"class":80},[66,51717,733],{"class":137},[66,51719,5658],{"class":80},[66,51721,50849],{"class":1945},[20,51723,51724,51725,51727],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51726,42436],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51729,51730,51731,51733],{},"For sets, ",[15,51732,42436],{}," counts unique items:",[57,51735,51737],{"className":59,"code":51736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51738,51739,51767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51740,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51742,1706],{"class":72},[66,51744,77],{"class":76},[66,51746,81],{"class":80},[66,51748,1714],{"class":117},[66,51750,105],{"class":80},[66,51752,1719],{"class":117},[66,51754,105],{"class":80},[66,51756,1724],{"class":117},[66,51758,105],{"class":80},[66,51760,1724],{"class":117},[66,51762,105],{"class":80},[66,51764,1719],{"class":117},[66,51766,121],{"class":80},[66,51768,51769,51771,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51770,155],{"class":154},[66,51772,158],{"class":80},[66,51774,11445],{"class":154},[66,51776,158],{"class":80},[66,51778,1735],{"class":137},[66,51780,5658],{"class":80},[66,51782,50849],{"class":1945},[20,51784,51785],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51787,51788],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[57,51790,51792],{"className":59,"code":51791,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51793,51794,51802,51806,51824],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51795,51796,51798,51800],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51797,472],{"class":72},[66,51799,77],{"class":76},[66,51801,10126],{"class":80},[66,51803,51804],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51805,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,51807,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,51809,7291],{"class":1060},[66,51811,38459],{"class":154},[66,51813,158],{"class":80},[66,51815,535],{"class":137},[66,51817,3954],{"class":80},[66,51819,6700],{"class":76},[66,51821,4127],{"class":117},[66,51823,1133],{"class":80},[66,51825,51826,51828,51830,51832,51835,51837],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,51827,1081],{"class":154},[66,51829,158],{"class":80},[66,51831,85],{"class":84},[66,51833,51834],{"class":88},"The dictionary is empty",[66,51836,85],{"class":84},[66,51838,163],{"class":80},[52,51840,41120],{"id":41119},[20,51842,51843,51844,50],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51845,42436],{},[1430,51847,51849],{"id":51848},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[57,51851,51853],{"className":59,"code":51852,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51854,51855,51863,51867,51885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51856,51857,51859,51861],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51858,8073],{"class":72},[66,51860,77],{"class":76},[66,51862,8132],{"class":80},[66,51864,51865],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51866,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,51868,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,51870,7291],{"class":1060},[66,51872,38459],{"class":154},[66,51874,158],{"class":80},[66,51876,8103],{"class":137},[66,51878,3954],{"class":80},[66,51880,6700],{"class":76},[66,51882,4127],{"class":117},[66,51884,1133],{"class":80},[66,51886,51887,51889,51891,51893,51896,51898],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,51888,1081],{"class":154},[66,51890,158],{"class":80},[66,51892,85],{"class":84},[66,51894,51895],{"class":88},"The list is empty",[66,51897,85],{"class":84},[66,51899,163],{"class":80},[1430,51901,51903],{"id":51902},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[57,51905,51907],{"className":59,"code":51906,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51908,51909,51928],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51910,51911,51913,51915,51917,51919,51921,51924,51926],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51912,6447],{"class":72},[66,51914,77],{"class":76},[66,51916,8535],{"class":154},[66,51918,158],{"class":80},[66,51920,85],{"class":84},[66,51922,51923],{"class":88},"Enter a word: ",[66,51925,85],{"class":84},[66,51927,163],{"class":80},[66,51929,51930,51932,51934,51936,51939,51941,51943,51945,51947,51949],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51931,155],{"class":154},[66,51933,158],{"class":80},[66,51935,85],{"class":84},[66,51937,51938],{"class":88},"Number of characters:",[66,51940,85],{"class":84},[66,51942,105],{"class":80},[66,51944,38459],{"class":154},[66,51946,158],{"class":80},[66,51948,38464],{"class":137},[66,51950,181],{"class":80},[1430,51952,51954],{"id":51953},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[57,51956,51958],{"className":59,"code":51957,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51959,51960,51974,51978,51996,52011,52017],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,51961,51962,51965,51967,51969,51972],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,51963,51964],{"class":72},"password ",[66,51966,77],{"class":76},[66,51968,97],{"class":84},[66,51970,51971],{"class":88},"secret123",[66,51973,376],{"class":84},[66,51975,51976],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,51977,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,51979,51980,51982,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992,51994],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,51981,7291],{"class":1060},[66,51983,38459],{"class":154},[66,51985,158],{"class":80},[66,51987,17882],{"class":137},[66,51989,3954],{"class":80},[66,51991,51367],{"class":76},[66,51993,6652],{"class":117},[66,51995,1133],{"class":80},[66,51997,51998,52000,52002,52004,52007,52009],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,51999,1081],{"class":154},[66,52001,158],{"class":80},[66,52003,85],{"class":84},[66,52005,52006],{"class":88},"Password length is valid",[66,52008,85],{"class":84},[66,52010,163],{"class":80},[66,52012,52013,52015],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,52014,27498],{"class":1060},[66,52016,1133],{"class":80},[66,52018,52019,52021,52023,52025,52028,52030],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,52020,1081],{"class":154},[66,52022,158],{"class":80},[66,52024,85],{"class":84},[66,52026,52027],{"class":88},"Password is too short",[66,52029,85],{"class":84},[66,52031,163],{"class":80},[1430,52033,52035],{"id":52034},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[57,52037,52039],{"className":59,"code":52038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52040,52041,52077],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52042,52043,52046,52048,52050,52052,52055,52057,52059,52061,52064,52066,52068,52070,52073,52075],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52044,52045],{"class":72},"results ",[66,52047,77],{"class":76},[66,52049,1711],{"class":80},[66,52051,85],{"class":84},[66,52053,52054],{"class":88},"item1",[66,52056,85],{"class":84},[66,52058,105],{"class":80},[66,52060,97],{"class":84},[66,52062,52063],{"class":88},"item2",[66,52065,85],{"class":84},[66,52067,105],{"class":80},[66,52069,97],{"class":84},[66,52071,52072],{"class":88},"item3",[66,52074,85],{"class":84},[66,52076,240],{"class":80},[66,52078,52079,52081,52083,52085,52088,52090,52092,52094,52096,52099],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52080,155],{"class":154},[66,52082,158],{"class":80},[66,52084,85],{"class":84},[66,52086,52087],{"class":88},"Items found:",[66,52089,85],{"class":84},[66,52091,105],{"class":80},[66,52093,38459],{"class":154},[66,52095,158],{"class":80},[66,52097,52098],{"class":137},"results",[66,52100,181],{"class":80},[20,52102,52103],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[52,52105,52107],{"id":52106},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52109,52110,52112],{},[15,52111,42436],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52114,52115,52116,94],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52117,3302],{},[30,52119,52120,52123,52126],{},[33,52121,52122],{},"plain integers",[33,52124,52125],{},"floats",[33,52127,52128],{},[15,52129,4071],{},[20,52131,281],{},[57,52133,52135],{"className":59,"code":52134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52136,52137],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52138,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52140,155],{"class":154},[66,52142,158],{"class":80},[66,52144,11445],{"class":154},[66,52146,158],{"class":80},[66,52148,2433],{"class":117},[66,52150,181],{"class":80},[20,52152,52153,52154,52156],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52155,2433],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52158,52159],{},"Another example:",[57,52161,52163],{"className":59,"code":52162,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52164,52165],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52166,52167,52169,52171,52173,52175,52177],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52168,155],{"class":154},[66,52170,158],{"class":80},[66,52172,11445],{"class":154},[66,52174,158],{"class":80},[66,52176,40217],{"class":117},[66,52178,181],{"class":80},[20,52180,52181,52182,94],{},"And with ",[15,52183,4071],{},[57,52185,52187],{"className":59,"code":52186,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52188,52189,52197],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52190,52191,52193,52195],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52192,2745],{"class":72},[66,52194,77],{"class":76},[66,52196,48605],{"class":4146},[66,52198,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52200,155],{"class":154},[66,52202,158],{"class":80},[66,52204,11445],{"class":154},[66,52206,158],{"class":80},[66,52208,2771],{"class":137},[66,52210,181],{"class":80},[20,52212,52213,52214,50],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[652,52215,52217],{"href":52216},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[52,52219,52221],{"id":52220},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52223,52224,52225,52227],{},"Before using ",[15,52226,42436],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52229,52230],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[57,52232,52234],{"className":59,"code":52233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52235,52236,52244,52248,52258,52272,52290,52308],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52237,52238,52240,52242],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52239,2745],{"class":72},[66,52241,77],{"class":76},[66,52243,48605],{"class":4146},[66,52245,52246],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52247,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,52249,52250,52252,52254,52256],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,52251,155],{"class":154},[66,52253,158],{"class":80},[66,52255,2771],{"class":137},[66,52257,163],{"class":80},[66,52259,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268,52270],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,52261,155],{"class":154},[66,52263,158],{"class":80},[66,52265,912],{"class":173},[66,52267,158],{"class":80},[66,52269,2771],{"class":137},[66,52271,181],{"class":80},[66,52273,52274,52276,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,52275,155],{"class":154},[66,52277,158],{"class":80},[66,52279,48953],{"class":154},[66,52281,158],{"class":80},[66,52283,2771],{"class":137},[66,52285,105],{"class":80},[66,52287,48982],{"class":173},[66,52289,181],{"class":80},[66,52291,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,52293,155],{"class":154},[66,52295,158],{"class":80},[66,52297,48953],{"class":154},[66,52299,158],{"class":80},[66,52301,2771],{"class":137},[66,52303,105],{"class":80},[66,52305,1656],{"class":173},[66,52307,181],{"class":80},[66,52309,52310,52312,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,52311,155],{"class":154},[66,52313,158],{"class":80},[66,52315,48953],{"class":154},[66,52317,158],{"class":80},[66,52319,2771],{"class":137},[66,52321,105],{"class":80},[66,52323,9462],{"class":173},[66,52325,181],{"class":80},[20,52327,52328],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52330,52331],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[57,52333,52335],{"className":59,"code":52334,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52336,52337,52349,52353,52367],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52338,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52340,2745],{"class":72},[66,52342,77],{"class":76},[66,52344,97],{"class":84},[66,52346,4139],{"class":88},[66,52348,376],{"class":84},[66,52350,52351],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52352,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,52354,52355,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,52356,7291],{"class":1060},[66,52358,21842],{"class":72},[66,52360,12475],{"class":76},[66,52362,8392],{"class":76},[66,52364,4147],{"class":4146},[66,52366,1133],{"class":80},[66,52368,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,52370,1081],{"class":154},[66,52372,158],{"class":80},[66,52374,11445],{"class":154},[66,52376,158],{"class":80},[66,52378,2771],{"class":137},[66,52380,181],{"class":80},[20,52382,52383,52384,50],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[652,52385,8735],{"href":2596},[52,52387,1838],{"id":1837},[20,52389,23347,52390,94],{},[15,52391,42436],{},[30,52393,52394,52402,52410,52418,52424],{},[33,52395,1848,52396,52398,52399],{},[15,52397,42436],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52400,52401],{},"len(5)",[33,52403,1848,52404,52406,52407],{},[15,52405,42436],{}," on a float like ",[15,52408,52409],{},"len(3.14)",[33,52411,1848,52412,52414,52415,52417],{},[15,52413,42436],{}," on ",[15,52416,4071],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,52419,4875,52420,52423],{},[15,52421,52422],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,52425,52426],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52428,52429],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[57,52431,52433],{"className":59,"code":52432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52434,52435,52471],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52436,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52438,291],{"class":72},[66,52440,77],{"class":76},[66,52442,81],{"class":80},[66,52444,85],{"class":84},[66,52446,89],{"class":88},[66,52448,85],{"class":84},[66,52450,94],{"class":80},[66,52452,97],{"class":84},[66,52454,100],{"class":88},[66,52456,85],{"class":84},[66,52458,105],{"class":80},[66,52460,97],{"class":84},[66,52462,110],{"class":88},[66,52464,85],{"class":84},[66,52466,94],{"class":80},[66,52468,118],{"class":117},[66,52470,121],{"class":80},[66,52472,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52474,155],{"class":154},[66,52476,158],{"class":80},[66,52478,11445],{"class":154},[66,52480,158],{"class":80},[66,52482,338],{"class":137},[66,52484,5658],{"class":80},[66,52486,51494],{"class":1945},[20,52488,37667,52489,52491,52492,4688,52494,50],{},[15,52490,2354],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52493,15514],{},[15,52495,52496],{},"\"age\"",[20,52498,52499],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[57,52501,52503],{"className":59,"code":52502,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52504,52505,52518],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52506,52507,52509,52511,52513,52516],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52508,34756],{"class":72},[66,52510,77],{"class":76},[66,52512,97],{"class":84},[66,52514,52515],{"class":88},"a b",[66,52517,376],{"class":84},[66,52519,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52521,155],{"class":154},[66,52523,158],{"class":80},[66,52525,11445],{"class":154},[66,52527,158],{"class":80},[66,52529,34777],{"class":137},[66,52531,5658],{"class":80},[66,52533,50849],{"class":1945},[20,52535,52536],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[52,52538,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,52540,52542],{"id":52541},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52544,52545],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1430,52547,52549],{"id":52548},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52551,52552],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1430,52554,52556],{"id":52555},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52558,52559],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1430,52561,52563],{"id":52562},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52565,52566,52567,52569,52570,3176,52572,52574,52575,50],{},"No. Using ",[15,52568,42436],{}," on an ",[15,52571,2486],{},[15,52573,2490],{}," raises a ",[15,52576,3302],{},[1430,52578,52580],{"id":52579},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52582,8056,52583,50],{},[15,52584,52585],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52587,281],{},[57,52589,52591],{"className":59,"code":52590,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52592,52593,52601,52605,52623],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52594,52595,52597,52599],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52596,8601],{"class":72},[66,52598,77],{"class":76},[66,52600,8132],{"class":80},[66,52602,52603],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52604,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,52606,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,52608,7291],{"class":1060},[66,52610,38459],{"class":154},[66,52612,158],{"class":80},[66,52614,8632],{"class":137},[66,52616,3954],{"class":80},[66,52618,6700],{"class":76},[66,52620,4127],{"class":117},[66,52622,1133],{"class":80},[66,52624,52625,52627,52629,52631,52634,52636],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,52626,1081],{"class":154},[66,52628,158],{"class":80},[66,52630,85],{"class":84},[66,52632,52633],{"class":88},"Empty list",[66,52635,85],{"class":84},[66,52637,163],{"class":80},[20,52639,52640,52641,52643,52644,52646,52647,52649],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52642,3967],{}," in an ",[15,52645,7291],{}," statement, but ",[15,52648,42436],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[52,52651,2183],{"id":2182},[30,52653,52654,52658,52662,52666,52671,52675,52681],{},[33,52655,52656],{},[652,52657,51055],{"href":51054},[33,52659,52660],{},[652,52661,51059],{"href":51058},[33,52663,52664],{},[652,52665,9448],{"href":9447},[33,52667,52668],{},[652,52669,52670],{"href":51625},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52672,52673],{},[652,52674,8735],{"href":2596},[33,52676,52677],{},[652,52678,52680],{"href":52679},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52682,52683],{},[652,52684,52685],{"href":52216},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2222,52687,52688],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":52690},[52691,52692,52693,52694,52695,52696,52697,52703,52704,52705,52706,52713],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":50857,"depth":124,"text":50858},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":51202,"depth":124,"text":51203},{"id":51389,"depth":124,"text":51390},{"id":51629,"depth":124,"text":51630},{"id":41119,"depth":124,"text":41120,"children":52698},[52699,52700,52701,52702],{"id":51848,"depth":144,"text":51849},{"id":51902,"depth":144,"text":51903},{"id":51953,"depth":144,"text":51954},{"id":52034,"depth":144,"text":52035},{"id":52106,"depth":124,"text":52107},{"id":52220,"depth":124,"text":52221},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":52707},[52708,52709,52710,52711,52712],{"id":52541,"depth":144,"text":52542},{"id":52548,"depth":144,"text":52549},{"id":52555,"depth":144,"text":52556},{"id":52562,"depth":144,"text":52563},{"id":52579,"depth":144,"text":52580},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50740,"description":52714},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52721,"title":52722,"body":52723,"description":54408,"extension":2260,"meta":54409,"navigation":147,"path":54410,"seo":54411,"stem":54412,"__hash__":54413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52724,"toc":54381},[52725,52728,52742,52748,52750,52804,52809,52813,52829,52832,52846,52852,52854,52857,52876,52892,52894,52970,52972,53009,53020,53022,53025,53086,53088,53121,53124,53130,53134,53137,53262,53264,53323,53331,53384,53386,53413,53419,53429,53433,53436,53441,53493,53495,53521,53527,53581,53583,53608,53611,53635,53641,53643,53647,53649,53706,53708,53716,53718,53740,53742,53795,53797,53821,53825,53827,53866,53868,53876,53882,53886,53938,53940,53966,53974,53978,53983,53992,53994,54060,54062,54094,54098,54103,54105,54119,54122,54195,54197,54223,54225,54229,54236,54240,54247,54251,54254,54256,54309,54311,54337,54341,54350,54352,54378],[10,52726,52722],{"id":52727},"python-list-append-method",[20,52729,2277,52730,52733,52734,52737,52738,52741],{},[15,52731,52732],{},"append()"," method adds ",[185,52735,52736],{},"one item"," to the ",[185,52739,52740],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52743,52744,52745,52747],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[185,52746,4926],{}," create a new list.",[52,52749,3903],{"id":3902},[57,52751,52753],{"className":59,"code":52752,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52754,52755,52775,52789,52799],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52756,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52758,1706],{"class":72},[66,52760,77],{"class":76},[66,52762,1711],{"class":80},[66,52764,1714],{"class":117},[66,52766,105],{"class":80},[66,52768,1719],{"class":117},[66,52770,105],{"class":80},[66,52772,1724],{"class":117},[66,52774,240],{"class":80},[66,52776,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52778,1735],{"class":72},[66,52780,50],{"class":80},[66,52782,13830],{"class":137},[66,52784,158],{"class":80},[66,52786,2803],{"class":117},[66,52788,163],{"class":80},[66,52790,52791,52793,52795,52797],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,52792,155],{"class":154},[66,52794,158],{"class":80},[66,52796,1735],{"class":137},[66,52798,163],{"class":80},[66,52800,52801],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,52802,52803],{"class":1945},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52805,243,52806,52808],{},[15,52807,52732],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[52,52810,52812],{"id":52811},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52814,52815,52820,52823,52826],{},[33,52816,52817,52819],{},[15,52818,52732],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52821,52822],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52824,52825],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52827,52828],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52830,52831],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52833,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844],{},[33,52835,1735],{},[33,52837,5605],{},[33,52839,40668],{},[33,52841,5596],{},[33,52843,7544],{},[33,52845,34730],{},[20,52847,52848,52849,50],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[652,52850,52851],{"href":51058},"Python lists explained for beginners",[52,52853,659],{"id":658},[20,52855,52856],{},"Basic form:",[57,52858,52860],{"className":59,"code":52859,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52861,52862],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52863,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52865,8632],{"class":72},[66,52867,50],{"class":80},[66,52869,13830],{"class":137},[66,52871,158],{"class":80},[66,52873,23563],{"class":137},[66,52875,163],{"class":80},[30,52877,52878,52883,52888],{},[33,52879,52880,52882],{},[15,52881,8632],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52884,52885,52887],{},[15,52886,23563],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52889,12192,52890],{},[15,52891,4071],{},[20,52893,281],{},[57,52895,52897],{"className":59,"code":52896,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52898,52899,52923,52946,52950,52960],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52900,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52902,36310],{"class":72},[66,52904,77],{"class":76},[66,52906,1711],{"class":80},[66,52908,85],{"class":84},[66,52910,4372],{"class":88},[66,52912,85],{"class":84},[66,52914,105],{"class":80},[66,52916,97],{"class":84},[66,52918,4381],{"class":88},[66,52920,85],{"class":84},[66,52922,240],{"class":80},[66,52924,52925,52927,52929,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,52926,877],{"class":72},[66,52928,77],{"class":76},[66,52930,52931],{"class":72}," fruits",[66,52933,50],{"class":80},[66,52935,13830],{"class":137},[66,52937,158],{"class":80},[66,52939,85],{"class":84},[66,52941,33288],{"class":88},[66,52943,85],{"class":84},[66,52945,163],{"class":80},[66,52947,52948],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,52949,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,52951,52952,52954,52956,52958],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,52953,155],{"class":154},[66,52955,158],{"class":80},[66,52957,36362],{"class":137},[66,52959,163],{"class":80},[66,52961,52962,52964,52966,52968],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,52963,155],{"class":154},[66,52965,158],{"class":80},[66,52967,901],{"class":137},[66,52969,163],{"class":80},[20,52971,187],{},[57,52973,52975],{"className":59,"code":52974,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52976,52977,53005],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,52978,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,52980,223],{"class":80},[66,52982,202],{"class":84},[66,52984,4372],{"class":88},[66,52986,202],{"class":84},[66,52988,105],{"class":80},[66,52990,211],{"class":84},[66,52992,4381],{"class":88},[66,52994,202],{"class":84},[66,52996,105],{"class":80},[66,52998,211],{"class":84},[66,53000,33288],{"class":88},[66,53002,202],{"class":84},[66,53004,240],{"class":80},[66,53006,53007],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53008,12089],{"class":4146},[20,53010,53011,53012,53014,53015,53017,53018,50],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53013,52732],{}," updates ",[15,53016,36362],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53019,4071],{},[52,53021,11756],{"id":11755},[20,53023,53024],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[57,53026,53028],{"className":59,"code":53027,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53029,53030,53054,53072,53076],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53031,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53033,13356],{"class":72},[66,53035,77],{"class":76},[66,53037,1711],{"class":80},[66,53039,85],{"class":84},[66,53041,13373],{"class":88},[66,53043,85],{"class":84},[66,53045,105],{"class":80},[66,53047,97],{"class":84},[66,53049,13390],{"class":88},[66,53051,85],{"class":84},[66,53053,240],{"class":80},[66,53055,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53057,17763],{"class":72},[66,53059,50],{"class":80},[66,53061,13830],{"class":137},[66,53063,158],{"class":80},[66,53065,85],{"class":84},[66,53067,17716],{"class":88},[66,53069,85],{"class":84},[66,53071,163],{"class":80},[66,53073,53074],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,53075,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53077,53078,53080,53082,53084],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,53079,155],{"class":154},[66,53081,158],{"class":80},[66,53083,17763],{"class":137},[66,53085,163],{"class":80},[20,53087,187],{},[57,53089,53091],{"className":59,"code":53090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53092,53093],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53094,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53096,223],{"class":80},[66,53098,202],{"class":84},[66,53100,13373],{"class":88},[66,53102,202],{"class":84},[66,53104,105],{"class":80},[66,53106,211],{"class":84},[66,53108,13390],{"class":88},[66,53110,202],{"class":84},[66,53112,105],{"class":80},[66,53114,211],{"class":84},[66,53116,17716],{"class":88},[66,53118,202],{"class":84},[66,53120,240],{"class":80},[20,53122,53123],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53125,31149,53126,50],{},[652,53127,53129],{"href":53128},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[52,53131,53133],{"id":53132},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53135,53136],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[57,53138,53140],{"className":59,"code":53139,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53141,53142,53150,53154,53168,53186,53200,53226,53248,53252],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53143,53144,53146,53148],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53145,8073],{"class":72},[66,53147,77],{"class":76},[66,53149,8132],{"class":80},[66,53151,53152],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53153,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53155,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,53157,8103],{"class":72},[66,53159,50],{"class":80},[66,53161,13830],{"class":137},[66,53163,158],{"class":80},[66,53165,2628],{"class":117},[66,53167,163],{"class":80},[66,53169,53170,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,53171,8103],{"class":72},[66,53173,50],{"class":80},[66,53175,13830],{"class":137},[66,53177,158],{"class":80},[66,53179,85],{"class":84},[66,53181,4139],{"class":88},[66,53183,85],{"class":84},[66,53185,163],{"class":80},[66,53187,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,53189,8103],{"class":72},[66,53191,50],{"class":80},[66,53193,13830],{"class":137},[66,53195,158],{"class":80},[66,53197,1386],{"class":4146},[66,53199,163],{"class":80},[66,53201,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,53203,8103],{"class":72},[66,53205,50],{"class":80},[66,53207,13830],{"class":137},[66,53209,5824],{"class":80},[66,53211,85],{"class":84},[66,53213,89],{"class":88},[66,53215,85],{"class":84},[66,53217,94],{"class":80},[66,53219,97],{"class":84},[66,53221,7970],{"class":88},[66,53223,85],{"class":84},[66,53225,30562],{"class":80},[66,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,53229,8103],{"class":72},[66,53231,50],{"class":80},[66,53233,13830],{"class":137},[66,53235,199],{"class":80},[66,53237,1714],{"class":117},[66,53239,105],{"class":80},[66,53241,1719],{"class":117},[66,53243,105],{"class":80},[66,53245,1724],{"class":117},[66,53247,218],{"class":80},[66,53249,53250],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,53251,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53253,53254,53256,53258,53260],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,53255,155],{"class":154},[66,53257,158],{"class":80},[66,53259,8103],{"class":137},[66,53261,163],{"class":80},[20,53263,187],{},[57,53265,53267],{"className":59,"code":53266,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53268,53269],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53270,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53272,223],{"class":80},[66,53274,2628],{"class":117},[66,53276,105],{"class":80},[66,53278,211],{"class":84},[66,53280,4139],{"class":88},[66,53282,202],{"class":84},[66,53284,105],{"class":80},[66,53286,4208],{"class":4146},[66,53288,105],{"class":80},[66,53290,81],{"class":80},[66,53292,202],{"class":84},[66,53294,89],{"class":88},[66,53296,202],{"class":84},[66,53298,94],{"class":80},[66,53300,211],{"class":84},[66,53302,7970],{"class":88},[66,53304,202],{"class":84},[66,53306,53307],{"class":80},"},",[66,53309,1711],{"class":80},[66,53311,1714],{"class":117},[66,53313,105],{"class":80},[66,53315,1719],{"class":117},[66,53317,105],{"class":80},[66,53319,1724],{"class":117},[66,53321,53322],{"class":80},"]]\n",[20,53324,53325,53326,42230,53328,50],{},"A list added with ",[15,53327,52732],{},[185,53329,53330],{},"one single item",[57,53332,53334],{"className":59,"code":53333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53335,53336,53352,53370,53374],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53337,53338,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53339,1706],{"class":72},[66,53341,77],{"class":76},[66,53343,1711],{"class":80},[66,53345,1714],{"class":117},[66,53347,105],{"class":80},[66,53349,1719],{"class":117},[66,53351,240],{"class":80},[66,53353,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53355,1735],{"class":72},[66,53357,50],{"class":80},[66,53359,13830],{"class":137},[66,53361,199],{"class":80},[66,53363,2360],{"class":117},[66,53365,105],{"class":80},[66,53367,2755],{"class":117},[66,53369,218],{"class":80},[66,53371,53372],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,53373,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53375,53376,53378,53380,53382],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,53377,155],{"class":154},[66,53379,158],{"class":80},[66,53381,1735],{"class":137},[66,53383,163],{"class":80},[20,53385,187],{},[57,53387,53389],{"className":59,"code":53388,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53390,53391],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53392,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53394,223],{"class":80},[66,53396,1714],{"class":117},[66,53398,105],{"class":80},[66,53400,1719],{"class":117},[66,53402,105],{"class":80},[66,53404,1711],{"class":80},[66,53406,2360],{"class":117},[66,53408,105],{"class":80},[66,53410,2755],{"class":117},[66,53412,53322],{"class":80},[20,53414,2583,53415,53418],{},[15,53416,53417],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53420,53421,53422,53428],{},"This is different from ",[652,53423,53425],{"href":53424},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53426,53427],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[52,53430,53432],{"id":53431},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53434,53435],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1430,53437,1848,53439],{"id":53438},"using-append",[15,53440,52732],{},[57,53442,53443],{"className":59,"code":53333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53444,53445,53461,53479,53483],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53446,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53448,1706],{"class":72},[66,53450,77],{"class":76},[66,53452,1711],{"class":80},[66,53454,1714],{"class":117},[66,53456,105],{"class":80},[66,53458,1719],{"class":117},[66,53460,240],{"class":80},[66,53462,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53464,1735],{"class":72},[66,53466,50],{"class":80},[66,53468,13830],{"class":137},[66,53470,199],{"class":80},[66,53472,2360],{"class":117},[66,53474,105],{"class":80},[66,53476,2755],{"class":117},[66,53478,218],{"class":80},[66,53480,53481],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,53482,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53484,53485,53487,53489,53491],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,53486,155],{"class":154},[66,53488,158],{"class":80},[66,53490,1735],{"class":137},[66,53492,163],{"class":80},[20,53494,187],{},[57,53496,53497],{"className":59,"code":53388,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53498,53499],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53500,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53502,223],{"class":80},[66,53504,1714],{"class":117},[66,53506,105],{"class":80},[66,53508,1719],{"class":117},[66,53510,105],{"class":80},[66,53512,1711],{"class":80},[66,53514,2360],{"class":117},[66,53516,105],{"class":80},[66,53518,2755],{"class":117},[66,53520,53322],{"class":80},[1430,53522,1848,53524],{"id":53523},"using-extend",[15,53525,53526],{},"extend()",[57,53528,53530],{"className":59,"code":53529,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53531,53532,53548,53567,53571],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53533,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53535,1706],{"class":72},[66,53537,77],{"class":76},[66,53539,1711],{"class":80},[66,53541,1714],{"class":117},[66,53543,105],{"class":80},[66,53545,1719],{"class":117},[66,53547,240],{"class":80},[66,53549,53550,53552,53554,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53551,1735],{"class":72},[66,53553,50],{"class":80},[66,53555,53556],{"class":137},"extend",[66,53558,199],{"class":80},[66,53560,2360],{"class":117},[66,53562,105],{"class":80},[66,53564,2755],{"class":117},[66,53566,218],{"class":80},[66,53568,53569],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,53570,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53572,53573,53575,53577,53579],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,53574,155],{"class":154},[66,53576,158],{"class":80},[66,53578,1735],{"class":137},[66,53580,163],{"class":80},[20,53582,187],{},[57,53584,53586],{"className":59,"code":53585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53587,53588],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53589,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53591,223],{"class":80},[66,53593,1714],{"class":117},[66,53595,105],{"class":80},[66,53597,1719],{"class":117},[66,53599,105],{"class":80},[66,53601,1724],{"class":117},[66,53603,105],{"class":80},[66,53605,2755],{"class":117},[66,53607,240],{"class":80},[20,53609,53610],{},"The difference:",[30,53612,53613,53619,53625,53630],{},[33,53614,53615,53618],{},[15,53616,53617],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53620,53621,53624],{},[15,53622,53623],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53626,243,53627,53629],{},[15,53628,52732],{}," for one item",[33,53631,243,53632,53634],{},[15,53633,53526],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53636,53637,53638,50],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[652,53639,53640],{"href":53424},"Python list extend() method",[52,53642,4814],{"id":4813},[1430,53644,53646],{"id":53645},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53648,1766],{},[57,53650,53652],{"className":59,"code":53651,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53653,53654,53674,53692,53696],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53655,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668,53670,53672],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53657,8073],{"class":72},[66,53659,77],{"class":76},[66,53661,1711],{"class":80},[66,53663,1714],{"class":117},[66,53665,105],{"class":80},[66,53667,1719],{"class":117},[66,53669,105],{"class":80},[66,53671,1724],{"class":117},[66,53673,240],{"class":80},[66,53675,53676,53678,53680,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53677,8073],{"class":72},[66,53679,77],{"class":76},[66,53681,6258],{"class":72},[66,53683,50],{"class":80},[66,53685,13830],{"class":137},[66,53687,158],{"class":80},[66,53689,2803],{"class":117},[66,53691,163],{"class":80},[66,53693,53694],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,53695,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53697,53698,53700,53702,53704],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,53699,155],{"class":154},[66,53701,158],{"class":80},[66,53703,8103],{"class":137},[66,53705,163],{"class":80},[20,53707,187],{},[57,53709,53710],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53711,53712],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53713,53714],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53715,12089],{"class":4146},[20,53717,12181],{},[30,53719,53720,53725,53731],{},[33,53721,53722,53724],{},[15,53723,52732],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53726,53727,2695,53729],{},[15,53728,52732],{},[15,53730,4071],{},[33,53732,53733,53734,53737,53738],{},"So ",[15,53735,53736],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53739,4071],{},[20,53741,11091],{},[57,53743,53745],{"className":59,"code":53744,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53746,53747,53767,53781,53785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53748,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763,53765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53750,8073],{"class":72},[66,53752,77],{"class":76},[66,53754,1711],{"class":80},[66,53756,1714],{"class":117},[66,53758,105],{"class":80},[66,53760,1719],{"class":117},[66,53762,105],{"class":80},[66,53764,1724],{"class":117},[66,53766,240],{"class":80},[66,53768,53769,53771,53773,53775,53777,53779],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53770,8103],{"class":72},[66,53772,50],{"class":80},[66,53774,13830],{"class":137},[66,53776,158],{"class":80},[66,53778,2803],{"class":117},[66,53780,163],{"class":80},[66,53782,53783],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,53784,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53786,53787,53789,53791,53793],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,53788,155],{"class":154},[66,53790,158],{"class":80},[66,53792,8103],{"class":137},[66,53794,163],{"class":80},[20,53796,187],{},[57,53798,53799],{"className":59,"code":53585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53800,53801],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53802,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53804,223],{"class":80},[66,53806,1714],{"class":117},[66,53808,105],{"class":80},[66,53810,1719],{"class":117},[66,53812,105],{"class":80},[66,53814,1724],{"class":117},[66,53816,105],{"class":80},[66,53818,2755],{"class":117},[66,53820,240],{"class":80},[1430,53822,53824],{"id":53823},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53826,19173],{},[57,53828,53830],{"className":59,"code":53829,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53831,53832,53856],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53833,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53835,31949],{"class":72},[66,53837,77],{"class":76},[66,53839,1711],{"class":80},[66,53841,1714],{"class":117},[66,53843,105],{"class":80},[66,53845,1719],{"class":117},[66,53847,13827],{"class":80},[66,53849,13830],{"class":137},[66,53851,158],{"class":80},[66,53853,2360],{"class":117},[66,53855,163],{"class":80},[66,53857,53858,53860,53862,53864],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53859,155],{"class":154},[66,53861,158],{"class":80},[66,53863,31968],{"class":137},[66,53865,163],{"class":80},[20,53867,187],{},[57,53869,53870],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53871,53872],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53873,53874],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53875,12089],{"class":4146},[20,53877,53878,53879,53881],{},"Remember: ",[15,53880,52732],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1430,53883,53885],{"id":53884},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[57,53887,53888],{"className":59,"code":53333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53889,53890,53906,53924,53928],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53891,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53893,1706],{"class":72},[66,53895,77],{"class":76},[66,53897,1711],{"class":80},[66,53899,1714],{"class":117},[66,53901,105],{"class":80},[66,53903,1719],{"class":117},[66,53905,240],{"class":80},[66,53907,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,53909,1735],{"class":72},[66,53911,50],{"class":80},[66,53913,13830],{"class":137},[66,53915,199],{"class":80},[66,53917,2360],{"class":117},[66,53919,105],{"class":80},[66,53921,2755],{"class":117},[66,53923,218],{"class":80},[66,53925,53926],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,53927,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,53929,53930,53932,53934,53936],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,53931,155],{"class":154},[66,53933,158],{"class":80},[66,53935,1735],{"class":137},[66,53937,163],{"class":80},[20,53939,187],{},[57,53941,53942],{"className":59,"code":53388,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,53943,53944],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,53945,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,53947,223],{"class":80},[66,53949,1714],{"class":117},[66,53951,105],{"class":80},[66,53953,1719],{"class":117},[66,53955,105],{"class":80},[66,53957,1711],{"class":80},[66,53959,2360],{"class":117},[66,53961,105],{"class":80},[66,53963,2755],{"class":117},[66,53965,53322],{"class":80},[20,53967,3467,53968,53971,53972,6924],{},[15,53969,53970],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53973,53526],{},[1430,53975,53977],{"id":53976},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53979,53980,53982],{},[15,53981,52732],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53984,53985,53986,50],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[652,53987,53989],{"href":53988},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53990,53991],{},"list.insert()",[20,53993,281],{},[57,53995,53997],{"className":59,"code":53996,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53998,53999,54023,54046,54050],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54000,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54002,36161],{"class":72},[66,54004,77],{"class":76},[66,54006,1711],{"class":80},[66,54008,85],{"class":84},[66,54010,652],{"class":88},[66,54012,85],{"class":84},[66,54014,105],{"class":80},[66,54016,97],{"class":84},[66,54018,10027],{"class":88},[66,54020,85],{"class":84},[66,54022,240],{"class":80},[66,54024,54025,54027,54029,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54026,36214],{"class":72},[66,54028,50],{"class":80},[66,54030,54031],{"class":137},"insert",[66,54033,158],{"class":80},[66,54035,1714],{"class":117},[66,54037,105],{"class":80},[66,54039,97],{"class":84},[66,54041,1903],{"class":88},[66,54043,85],{"class":84},[66,54045,163],{"class":80},[66,54047,54048],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54049,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54051,54052,54054,54056,54058],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,54053,155],{"class":154},[66,54055,158],{"class":80},[66,54057,36214],{"class":137},[66,54059,163],{"class":80},[20,54061,187],{},[57,54063,54064],{"className":59,"code":42951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,54065,54066],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54067,54068,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078,54080,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54069,223],{"class":80},[66,54071,202],{"class":84},[66,54073,652],{"class":88},[66,54075,202],{"class":84},[66,54077,105],{"class":80},[66,54079,211],{"class":84},[66,54081,1903],{"class":88},[66,54083,202],{"class":84},[66,54085,105],{"class":80},[66,54087,211],{"class":84},[66,54089,10027],{"class":88},[66,54091,202],{"class":84},[66,54093,240],{"class":80},[52,54095,54097],{"id":54096},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54099,54100,54102],{},[15,54101,52732],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54104,36497],{},[30,54106,54107,54110,54113,54116],{},[33,54108,54109],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,54111,54112],{},"collecting user input",[33,54114,54115],{},"storing results step by step",[33,54117,54118],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54120,54121],{},"Example with a loop:",[57,54123,54125],{"className":59,"code":54124,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54126,54127,54136,54140,54161,54180,54184],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54128,54129,54132,54134],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54130,54131],{"class":72},"squares ",[66,54133,77],{"class":76},[66,54135,8132],{"class":80},[66,54137,54138],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54139,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54141,54142,54144,54146,54148,54151,54153,54155,54157,54159],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54143,1061],{"class":1060},[66,54145,6679],{"class":72},[66,54147,1067],{"class":1060},[66,54149,54150],{"class":154}," range",[66,54152,158],{"class":80},[66,54154,1714],{"class":117},[66,54156,105],{"class":80},[66,54158,1231],{"class":117},[66,54160,8635],{"class":80},[66,54162,54163,54166,54168,54170,54172,54174,54176,54178],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,54164,54165],{"class":72},"    squares",[66,54167,50],{"class":80},[66,54169,13830],{"class":137},[66,54171,158],{"class":80},[66,54173,2515],{"class":137},[66,54175,39946],{"class":76},[66,54177,2495],{"class":137},[66,54179,163],{"class":80},[66,54181,54182],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,54183,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54185,54186,54188,54190,54193],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,54187,155],{"class":154},[66,54189,158],{"class":80},[66,54191,54192],{"class":137},"squares",[66,54194,163],{"class":80},[20,54196,187],{},[57,54198,54200],{"className":59,"code":54199,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54201,54202],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54203,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214,54217,54219,54221],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54205,223],{"class":80},[66,54207,1714],{"class":117},[66,54209,105],{"class":80},[66,54211,2755],{"class":117},[66,54213,105],{"class":80},[66,54215,54216],{"class":117}," 9",[66,54218,105],{"class":80},[66,54220,14264],{"class":117},[66,54222,240],{"class":80},[52,54224,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,54226,54228],{"id":54227},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54230,46442,54231,54233,54234,50],{},[15,54232,52732],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54235,4071],{},[1430,54237,54239],{"id":54238},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54241,54242,54243,50],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[652,54244,54245],{"href":53424},[15,54246,53526],{},[1430,54248,54250],{"id":54249},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54252,54253],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54255,281],{},[57,54257,54259],{"className":59,"code":54258,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54260,54261,54277,54295,54299],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54262,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54264,472],{"class":72},[66,54266,77],{"class":76},[66,54268,1711],{"class":80},[66,54270,1714],{"class":117},[66,54272,105],{"class":80},[66,54274,1719],{"class":117},[66,54276,240],{"class":80},[66,54278,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289,54291,54293],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54280,535],{"class":72},[66,54282,50],{"class":80},[66,54284,13830],{"class":137},[66,54286,199],{"class":80},[66,54288,2360],{"class":117},[66,54290,105],{"class":80},[66,54292,2755],{"class":117},[66,54294,218],{"class":80},[66,54296,54297],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54298,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54300,54301,54303,54305,54307],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,54302,155],{"class":154},[66,54304,158],{"class":80},[66,54306,535],{"class":137},[66,54308,163],{"class":80},[20,54310,187],{},[57,54312,54313],{"className":59,"code":53388,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,54314,54315],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54316,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54318,223],{"class":80},[66,54320,1714],{"class":117},[66,54322,105],{"class":80},[66,54324,1719],{"class":117},[66,54326,105],{"class":80},[66,54328,1711],{"class":80},[66,54330,2360],{"class":117},[66,54332,105],{"class":80},[66,54334,2755],{"class":117},[66,54336,53322],{"class":80},[1430,54338,54340],{"id":54339},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54342,54343,54345,54346,54349],{},[15,54344,52732],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54347,54348],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[52,54351,2183],{"id":2182},[30,54353,54354,54359,54363,54368,54372],{},[33,54355,54356],{},[652,54357,54358],{"href":53128},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,54360,54361],{},[652,54362,53640],{"href":53424},[33,54364,54365],{},[652,54366,54367],{"href":53988},"Python list insert() method",[33,54369,54370],{},[652,54371,52851],{"href":51058},[33,54373,54374],{},[652,54375,54377],{"href":54376},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2222,54379,54380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":54382},[54383,54384,54385,54386,54387,54388,54394,54400,54401,54407],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":52811,"depth":124,"text":52812},{"id":658,"depth":124,"text":659},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":53132,"depth":124,"text":53133},{"id":53431,"depth":124,"text":53432,"children":54389},[54390,54392],{"id":53438,"depth":144,"text":54391},"Using append()",{"id":53523,"depth":144,"text":54393},"Using extend()",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":54395},[54396,54397,54398,54399],{"id":53645,"depth":144,"text":53646},{"id":53823,"depth":144,"text":53824},{"id":53884,"depth":144,"text":53885},{"id":53976,"depth":144,"text":53977},{"id":54096,"depth":124,"text":54097},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":54402},[54403,54404,54405,54406],{"id":54227,"depth":144,"text":54228},{"id":54238,"depth":144,"text":54239},{"id":54249,"depth":144,"text":54250},{"id":54339,"depth":144,"text":54340},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52722,"description":54408},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54415,"title":54416,"body":54417,"description":55661,"extension":2260,"meta":55662,"navigation":147,"path":55663,"seo":55664,"stem":55665,"__hash__":55666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54418,"toc":55626},[54419,54425,54431,54437,54439,54487,54492,54497,54501,54517,54523,54525,54528,54543,54545,54556,54558,54560,54617,54619,54627,54629,54645,54651,54653,54659,54663,54747,54750,54799,54806,54814,54817,54831,54844,54850,54925,54932,54939,55013,55021,55024,55035,55044,55048,55052,55063,55065,55142,55163,55165,55175,55178,55226,55228,55249,55252,55254,55305,55311,55318,55385,55391,55397,55400,55427,55432,55438,55441,55513,55516,55527,55533,55535,55541,55544,55550,55556,55563,55571,55577,55583,55585,55623],[10,54420,54422,54423,18],{"id":54421},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54424,11604],{},[20,54426,54427,54430],{},[15,54428,54429],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54432,54433,54434,54436],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[185,54435,11616],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[52,54438,3903],{"id":3902},[57,54440,54442],{"className":59,"code":54441,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54443,54444,54464,54474],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54445,54446,54448,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54447,8073],{"class":72},[66,54449,77],{"class":76},[66,54451,1711],{"class":80},[66,54453,1714],{"class":117},[66,54455,105],{"class":80},[66,54457,1719],{"class":117},[66,54459,105],{"class":80},[66,54461,1724],{"class":117},[66,54463,240],{"class":80},[66,54465,54466,54468,54470,54472],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54467,8103],{"class":72},[66,54469,50],{"class":80},[66,54471,11665],{"class":137},[66,54473,141],{"class":80},[66,54475,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54477,155],{"class":154},[66,54479,158],{"class":80},[66,54481,8103],{"class":137},[66,54483,3954],{"class":80},[66,54485,54486],{"class":1945},"  # []\n",[20,54488,243,54489,54491],{},[15,54490,11604],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[52,54493,250,54495,253],{"id":54494},"what-listclear-does",[15,54496,54429],{},[20,54498,54499,94],{},[15,54500,54429],{},[30,54502,54503,54506,54509,54514],{},[33,54504,54505],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54507,54508],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54510,54511,54512],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54513,4080],{},[33,54515,54516],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54518,54519,54520,54522],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54521,11604],{},", but it contains no values.",[52,54524,2455],{"id":2454},[20,54526,54527],{},"Syntax:",[57,54529,54531],{"className":59,"code":54530,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54532,54533],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54534,54535,54537,54539,54541],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54536,8632],{"class":72},[66,54538,50],{"class":80},[66,54540,11665],{"class":137},[66,54542,141],{"class":80},[20,54544,261],{},[30,54546,54547,54550,54553],{},[33,54548,54549],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54551,54552],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54554,54555],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[52,54557,11756],{"id":11755},[20,54559,11759],{},[57,54561,54563],{"className":59,"code":54562,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54564,54565,54589,54593,54603,54607],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54566,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579,54581,54583,54585,54587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54568,1706],{"class":72},[66,54570,77],{"class":76},[66,54572,1711],{"class":80},[66,54574,2628],{"class":117},[66,54576,105],{"class":80},[66,54578,118],{"class":117},[66,54580,105],{"class":80},[66,54582,8088],{"class":117},[66,54584,105],{"class":80},[66,54586,50922],{"class":117},[66,54588,240],{"class":80},[66,54590,54591],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54592,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54594,54595,54597,54599,54601],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54596,1735],{"class":72},[66,54598,50],{"class":80},[66,54600,11665],{"class":137},[66,54602,141],{"class":80},[66,54604,54605],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,54606,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,54610,155],{"class":154},[66,54612,158],{"class":80},[66,54614,1735],{"class":137},[66,54616,163],{"class":80},[20,54618,187],{},[57,54620,54621],{"className":59,"code":38370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,54622,54623],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54624,54625],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54626,38370],{"class":80},[20,54628,11965],{},[30,54630,54631,54636,54642],{},[33,54632,54633,54635],{},[15,54634,1735],{}," starts with four items",[33,54637,54638,54641],{},[15,54639,54640],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54643,54644],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54646,54647,54648,50],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[652,54649,52851],{"href":54650},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[52,54652,793],{"id":792},[20,54654,54655,2695,54657,50],{},[15,54656,11604],{},[15,54658,4071],{},[20,54660,40980,54661,52747],{},[185,54662,4926],{},[57,54664,54666],{"className":59,"code":54665,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54667,54668,54700,54704,54718,54722,54735],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54669,54670,54672,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690,54692,54694,54696,54698],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54671,8073],{"class":72},[66,54673,77],{"class":76},[66,54675,1711],{"class":80},[66,54677,85],{"class":84},[66,54679,652],{"class":88},[66,54681,85],{"class":84},[66,54683,105],{"class":80},[66,54685,97],{"class":84},[66,54687,1903],{"class":88},[66,54689,85],{"class":84},[66,54691,105],{"class":80},[66,54693,97],{"class":84},[66,54695,10027],{"class":88},[66,54697,85],{"class":84},[66,54699,240],{"class":80},[66,54701,54702],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54703,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54705,54706,54708,54710,54712,54714,54716],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54707,877],{"class":72},[66,54709,77],{"class":76},[66,54711,6258],{"class":72},[66,54713,50],{"class":80},[66,54715,11665],{"class":137},[66,54717,141],{"class":80},[66,54719,54720],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,54721,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54723,54724,54726,54728,54730,54732],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,54725,155],{"class":154},[66,54727,158],{"class":80},[66,54729,8103],{"class":137},[66,54731,3954],{"class":80},[66,54733,54734],{"class":1945},"   # []\n",[66,54736,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,54738,155],{"class":154},[66,54740,158],{"class":80},[66,54742,901],{"class":137},[66,54744,3954],{"class":80},[66,54746,21135],{"class":1945},[20,54748,54749],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[57,54751,54753],{"className":59,"code":54752,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54754,54755,54775,54789],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54756,54757,54759,54761,54763,54765,54767,54769,54771,54773],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54758,8073],{"class":72},[66,54760,77],{"class":76},[66,54762,1711],{"class":80},[66,54764,1714],{"class":117},[66,54766,105],{"class":80},[66,54768,1719],{"class":117},[66,54770,105],{"class":80},[66,54772,1724],{"class":117},[66,54774,240],{"class":80},[66,54776,54777,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54778,8073],{"class":72},[66,54780,77],{"class":76},[66,54782,6258],{"class":72},[66,54784,50],{"class":80},[66,54786,11665],{"class":137},[66,54788,141],{"class":80},[66,54790,54791,54793,54795,54797],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54792,155],{"class":154},[66,54794,158],{"class":80},[66,54796,8103],{"class":137},[66,54798,163],{"class":80},[20,54800,12197,54801,42230,54803,54805],{},[15,54802,8103],{},[15,54804,4071],{},", not an empty list.",[52,54807,54809,54811,54812],{"id":54808},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54810,11604],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54813,4080],{},[20,54815,54816],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[57,54818,54819],{"className":59,"code":54530,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,54820,54821],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54822,54823,54825,54827,54829],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54824,8632],{"class":72},[66,54826,50],{"class":80},[66,54828,11665],{"class":137},[66,54830,141],{"class":80},[57,54832,54834],{"className":59,"code":54833,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = []\n",[15,54835,54836],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54837,54838,54840,54842],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54839,8601],{"class":72},[66,54841,77],{"class":76},[66,54843,8132],{"class":80},[1430,54845,54847,54849],{"id":54846},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54848,11604],{}," empties the same list object",[57,54851,54853],{"className":59,"code":54852,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54854,54855,54875,54883,54887,54897,54901,54913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54856,54857,54859,54861,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54858,2853],{"class":72},[66,54860,77],{"class":76},[66,54862,1711],{"class":80},[66,54864,1714],{"class":117},[66,54866,105],{"class":80},[66,54868,1719],{"class":117},[66,54870,105],{"class":80},[66,54872,1724],{"class":117},[66,54874,240],{"class":80},[66,54876,54877,54879,54881],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54878,2881],{"class":72},[66,54880,77],{"class":76},[66,54882,36246],{"class":72},[66,54884,54885],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54886,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54888,54889,54891,54893,54895],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,54890,652],{"class":72},[66,54892,50],{"class":80},[66,54894,11665],{"class":137},[66,54896,141],{"class":80},[66,54898,54899],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,54900,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54902,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,54904,155],{"class":154},[66,54906,158],{"class":80},[66,54908,652],{"class":137},[66,54910,3954],{"class":80},[66,54912,54486],{"class":1945},[66,54914,54915,54917,54919,54921,54923],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,54916,155],{"class":154},[66,54918,158],{"class":80},[66,54920,1903],{"class":137},[66,54922,3954],{"class":80},[66,54924,54486],{"class":1945},[20,54926,10876,54927,4688,54929,54931],{},[15,54928,652],{},[15,54930,1903],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1430,54933,54935,54938],{"id":54934},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54936,54937],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[57,54940,54942],{"className":59,"code":54941,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54943,54944,54964,54972,54976,54984,54988,55000],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,54945,54946,54948,54950,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,54947,2853],{"class":72},[66,54949,77],{"class":76},[66,54951,1711],{"class":80},[66,54953,1714],{"class":117},[66,54955,105],{"class":80},[66,54957,1719],{"class":117},[66,54959,105],{"class":80},[66,54961,1724],{"class":117},[66,54963,240],{"class":80},[66,54965,54966,54968,54970],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,54967,2881],{"class":72},[66,54969,77],{"class":76},[66,54971,36246],{"class":72},[66,54973,54974],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,54975,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54977,54978,54980,54982],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,54979,2853],{"class":72},[66,54981,77],{"class":76},[66,54983,8132],{"class":80},[66,54985,54986],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,54987,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,54989,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,54991,155],{"class":154},[66,54993,158],{"class":80},[66,54995,652],{"class":137},[66,54997,3954],{"class":80},[66,54999,54486],{"class":1945},[66,55001,55002,55004,55006,55008,55010],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,55003,155],{"class":154},[66,55005,158],{"class":80},[66,55007,1903],{"class":137},[66,55009,3954],{"class":80},[66,55011,55012],{"class":1945},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55014,21030,55015,55017,55018,55020],{},[15,55016,652],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55019,1903],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55022,55023],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,55025,55026,55029,55032],{},[33,55027,55028],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,55030,55031],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,55033,55034],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55036,55037,55038,50],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[652,55039,55041,55042,978],{"href":55040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55043,13059],{},[52,55045,1154,55046],{"id":12719},[15,55047,11604],{},[20,55049,243,55050,6610],{},[15,55051,11604],{},[30,55053,55054,55057,55060],{},[33,55055,55056],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,55058,55059],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,55061,55062],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55064,281],{},[57,55066,55068],{"className":59,"code":55067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55069,55070,55106,55110,55115,55126,55130],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55071,55072,55075,55077,55079,55081,55084,55086,55088,55090,55093,55095,55097,55099,55102,55104],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55073,55074],{"class":72},"shopping_cart ",[66,55076,77],{"class":76},[66,55078,1711],{"class":80},[66,55080,85],{"class":84},[66,55082,55083],{"class":88},"milk",[66,55085,85],{"class":84},[66,55087,105],{"class":80},[66,55089,97],{"class":84},[66,55091,55092],{"class":88},"bread",[66,55094,85],{"class":84},[66,55096,105],{"class":80},[66,55098,97],{"class":84},[66,55100,55101],{"class":88},"eggs",[66,55103,85],{"class":84},[66,55105,240],{"class":80},[66,55107,55108],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55109,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,55111,55112],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,55113,55114],{"class":1945},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[66,55116,55117,55120,55122,55124],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,55118,55119],{"class":72},"shopping_cart",[66,55121,50],{"class":80},[66,55123,11665],{"class":137},[66,55125,141],{"class":80},[66,55127,55128],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,55129,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,55131,55132,55134,55136,55138,55140],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,55133,155],{"class":154},[66,55135,158],{"class":80},[66,55137,55119],{"class":137},[66,55139,3954],{"class":80},[66,55141,54486],{"class":1945},[20,55143,55144,55145,55149,55150,55156,55157,50],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[652,55146,55148],{"href":55147},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[652,55151,55153,978],{"href":55152},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55154,55155],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[652,55158,55160,978],{"href":55159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55161,55162],{},"list.pop()",[52,55164,4814],{"id":4813},[1430,55166,55168,55169,11376,55172],{"id":55167},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55170,55171],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55173,55174],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55176,55177],{},"This does not call the method.",[57,55179,55181],{"className":59,"code":55180,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55182,55183,55203,55207,55216],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55184,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55186,8073],{"class":72},[66,55188,77],{"class":76},[66,55190,1711],{"class":80},[66,55192,1714],{"class":117},[66,55194,105],{"class":80},[66,55196,1719],{"class":117},[66,55198,105],{"class":80},[66,55200,1724],{"class":117},[66,55202,240],{"class":80},[66,55204,55205],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55206,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,55208,55209,55211,55213],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,55210,8103],{"class":72},[66,55212,50],{"class":80},[66,55214,55215],{"class":784},"clear\n",[66,55217,55218,55220,55222,55224],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,55219,155],{"class":154},[66,55221,158],{"class":80},[66,55223,8103],{"class":137},[66,55225,163],{"class":80},[20,55227,187],{},[57,55229,55231],{"className":59,"code":55230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55232,55233],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55234,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55236,223],{"class":80},[66,55238,1714],{"class":117},[66,55240,105],{"class":80},[66,55242,1719],{"class":117},[66,55244,105],{"class":80},[66,55246,1724],{"class":117},[66,55248,240],{"class":80},[20,55250,55251],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55253,11091],{},[57,55255,55257],{"className":59,"code":55256,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55258,55259,55279,55283,55293],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55260,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275,55277],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55262,8073],{"class":72},[66,55264,77],{"class":76},[66,55266,1711],{"class":80},[66,55268,1714],{"class":117},[66,55270,105],{"class":80},[66,55272,1719],{"class":117},[66,55274,105],{"class":80},[66,55276,1724],{"class":117},[66,55278,240],{"class":80},[66,55280,55281],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55282,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,55284,55285,55287,55289,55291],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,55286,8103],{"class":72},[66,55288,50],{"class":80},[66,55290,11665],{"class":137},[66,55292,141],{"class":80},[66,55294,55295,55297,55299,55301,55303],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,55296,155],{"class":154},[66,55298,158],{"class":80},[66,55300,8103],{"class":137},[66,55302,3954],{"class":80},[66,55304,54486],{"class":1945},[1430,55306,1433,55308,55310],{"id":55307},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55309,11604],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55312,55313,2695,55315,55317],{},[15,55314,11604],{},[15,55316,4071],{},", not the list.",[57,55319,55321],{"className":59,"code":55320,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55322,55323,55343,55357,55361,55373],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55324,55325,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339,55341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55326,8073],{"class":72},[66,55328,77],{"class":76},[66,55330,1711],{"class":80},[66,55332,1714],{"class":117},[66,55334,105],{"class":80},[66,55336,1719],{"class":117},[66,55338,105],{"class":80},[66,55340,1724],{"class":117},[66,55342,240],{"class":80},[66,55344,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55346,877],{"class":72},[66,55348,77],{"class":76},[66,55350,6258],{"class":72},[66,55352,50],{"class":80},[66,55354,11665],{"class":137},[66,55356,141],{"class":80},[66,55358,55359],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,55360,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,55362,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,55364,155],{"class":154},[66,55366,158],{"class":80},[66,55368,901],{"class":137},[66,55370,3954],{"class":80},[66,55372,21135],{"class":1945},[66,55374,55375,55377,55379,55381,55383],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,55376,155],{"class":154},[66,55378,158],{"class":80},[66,55380,8103],{"class":137},[66,55382,3954],{"class":80},[66,55384,54734],{"class":1945},[1430,55386,1848,55388,55390],{"id":55387},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55389,11604],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55392,55393,55394,55396],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55395,11604],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55398,55399],{},"This will fail:",[57,55401,55403],{"className":59,"code":55402,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55404,55405,55417],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55406,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55408,34756],{"class":72},[66,55410,77],{"class":76},[66,55412,97],{"class":84},[66,55414,4139],{"class":88},[66,55416,376],{"class":84},[66,55418,55419,55421,55423,55425],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55420,34777],{"class":72},[66,55422,50],{"class":80},[66,55424,11665],{"class":137},[66,55426,141],{"class":80},[20,55428,55429,55430,33668],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55431,11604],{},[20,55433,55434,55435,55437],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55436,4071],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55439,55440],{},"Useful checks:",[57,55442,55444],{"className":59,"code":55443,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55445,55446,55456,55470,55484,55493,55503],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55447,55448,55450,55452,55454],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55449,155],{"class":154},[66,55451,158],{"class":80},[66,55453,8632],{"class":137},[66,55455,163],{"class":80},[66,55457,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55459,155],{"class":154},[66,55461,158],{"class":80},[66,55463,912],{"class":173},[66,55465,158],{"class":80},[66,55467,8632],{"class":137},[66,55469,181],{"class":80},[66,55471,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480,55482],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,55473,155],{"class":154},[66,55475,158],{"class":80},[66,55477,12931],{"class":154},[66,55479,158],{"class":80},[66,55481,8632],{"class":137},[66,55483,181],{"class":80},[66,55485,55486,55488,55490],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,55487,43625],{"class":72},[66,55489,77],{"class":76},[66,55491,55492],{"class":72}," my_list\n",[66,55494,55495,55497,55499,55501],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,55496,8632],{"class":72},[66,55498,50],{"class":80},[66,55500,11665],{"class":137},[66,55502,141],{"class":80},[66,55504,55505,55507,55509,55511],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,55506,155],{"class":154},[66,55508,158],{"class":80},[66,55510,30809],{"class":137},[66,55512,163],{"class":80},[20,55514,55515],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55517,55518,55521,55524],{},[33,55519,55520],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55522,55523],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55525,55526],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55528,55529,55530,50],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[652,55531,55532],{"href":54376},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[52,55534,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,55536,12986,55538,55540],{"id":55537},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55539,54429],{}," delete the list?",[20,55542,55543],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1430,55545,12986,55547,55549],{"id":55546},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55548,54429],{}," return a new list?",[20,55551,55552,55553,55555],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55554,4071],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1430,55557,5475,55559,4688,55561,2151],{"id":55558},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55560,11604],{},[15,55562,54937],{},[20,55564,55565,55567,55568,55570],{},[15,55566,11604],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55569,54937],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1430,55572,28393,55574,55576],{"id":55573},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55575,11604],{}," on other types?",[20,55578,55579,55580,55582],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55581,11604],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[52,55584,2183],{"id":2182},[30,55586,55587,55591,55596,55603,55610,55616],{},[33,55588,55589],{},[652,55590,52851],{"href":54650},[33,55592,55593],{},[652,55594,55595],{"href":55147},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55597,55598],{},[652,55599,55600,55601,978],{"href":55159},"Python list ",[15,55602,13045],{},[33,55604,55605],{},[652,55606,55600,55607,978],{"href":55152},[15,55608,55609],{},"remove()",[33,55611,55612],{},[652,55613,55600,55614,978],{"href":55040},[15,55615,13059],{},[33,55617,55618],{},[652,55619,30413,55620,33701],{"href":54376},[15,55621,55622],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2222,55624,55625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":55627},[55628,55629,55631,55632,55633,55634,55641,55642,55650,55660],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":54494,"depth":124,"text":55630},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":54808,"depth":124,"text":55635,"children":55636},"clear() vs assigning []",[55637,55639],{"id":54846,"depth":144,"text":55638},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54934,"depth":144,"text":55640},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12719,"depth":124,"text":13091},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":55643},[55644,55646,55648],{"id":55167,"depth":144,"text":55645},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55307,"depth":144,"text":55647},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55387,"depth":144,"text":55649},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":55651},[55652,55654,55656,55658],{"id":55537,"depth":144,"text":55653},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55546,"depth":144,"text":55655},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55558,"depth":144,"text":55657},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55573,"depth":144,"text":55659},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54416,"description":55661},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55668,"title":55669,"body":55670,"description":57355,"extension":2260,"meta":57356,"navigation":147,"path":57357,"seo":57358,"stem":57359,"__hash__":57360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55671,"toc":57323},[55672,55677,55683,55691,55693,55782,55789,55794,55798,55812,55814,55891,55893,55954,55957,55959,55961,55982,55985,55999,56002,56047,56049,56057,56060,56066,56072,56075,56152,56154,56199,56202,56207,56290,56292,56333,56338,56342,56348,56350,56358,56361,56454,56456,56514,56517,56533,56538,56548,56553,56555,56560,56565,56568,56570,56627,56630,56683,56689,56694,56698,56715,56717,56801,56803,56844,56852,56854,56859,56865,56867,56930,56935,57005,57009,57044,57047,57049,57088,57092,57168,57174,57180,57185,57207,57210,57229,57237,57239,57245,57248,57255,57263,57268,57271,57275,57281,57289,57292,57294,57320],[10,55673,54422,55675,18],{"id":55674},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55676,13059],{},[20,55678,55679,55682],{},[15,55680,55681],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55684,55685,55686,14330,55688,55690],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55687,77],{},[185,55689,4926],{}," make a real copy.",[52,55692,55],{"id":54},[57,55694,55696],{"className":59,"code":55695,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55697,55698,55718,55733,55737,55752,55756,55769],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55699,55700,55702,55704,55706,55708,55710,55712,55714,55716],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55701,1706],{"class":72},[66,55703,77],{"class":76},[66,55705,1711],{"class":80},[66,55707,1714],{"class":117},[66,55709,105],{"class":80},[66,55711,1719],{"class":117},[66,55713,105],{"class":80},[66,55715,1724],{"class":117},[66,55717,240],{"class":80},[66,55719,55720,55723,55725,55727,55729,55731],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55721,55722],{"class":72},"new_numbers ",[66,55724,77],{"class":76},[66,55726,4557],{"class":72},[66,55728,50],{"class":80},[66,55730,13191],{"class":137},[66,55732,141],{"class":80},[66,55734,55735],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,55736,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,55738,55739,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,55740,55741],{"class":72},"new_numbers",[66,55743,50],{"class":80},[66,55745,13830],{"class":137},[66,55747,158],{"class":80},[66,55749,2803],{"class":117},[66,55751,163],{"class":80},[66,55753,55754],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,55755,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,55757,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,55759,155],{"class":154},[66,55761,158],{"class":80},[66,55763,1735],{"class":137},[66,55765,3954],{"class":80},[66,55767,55768],{"class":1945},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[66,55770,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,55772,155],{"class":154},[66,55774,158],{"class":80},[66,55776,55741],{"class":137},[66,55778,3954],{"class":80},[66,55780,55781],{"class":1945},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55783,243,55784,55786,55787,50],{},[15,55785,55681],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[185,55788,13133],{},[52,55790,250,55792,253],{"id":55791},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55793,55681],{},[20,55795,55796,94],{},[15,55797,55681],{},[30,55799,55800,55803,55806,55809],{},[33,55801,55802],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55804,55805],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55807,55808],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55810,55811],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55813,281],{},[57,55815,55817],{"className":59,"code":55816,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55818,55819,55851,55866,55870,55880],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55820,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847,55849],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55822,36310],{"class":72},[66,55824,77],{"class":76},[66,55826,1711],{"class":80},[66,55828,85],{"class":84},[66,55830,4372],{"class":88},[66,55832,85],{"class":84},[66,55834,105],{"class":80},[66,55836,97],{"class":84},[66,55838,4381],{"class":88},[66,55840,85],{"class":84},[66,55842,105],{"class":80},[66,55844,97],{"class":84},[66,55846,33288],{"class":88},[66,55848,85],{"class":84},[66,55850,240],{"class":80},[66,55852,55853,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55854,55855],{"class":72},"copied_fruits ",[66,55857,77],{"class":76},[66,55859,52931],{"class":72},[66,55861,50],{"class":80},[66,55863,13191],{"class":137},[66,55865,141],{"class":80},[66,55867,55868],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,55869,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,55871,55872,55874,55876,55878],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,55873,155],{"class":154},[66,55875,158],{"class":80},[66,55877,36362],{"class":137},[66,55879,163],{"class":80},[66,55881,55882,55884,55886,55889],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,55883,155],{"class":154},[66,55885,158],{"class":80},[66,55887,55888],{"class":137},"copied_fruits",[66,55890,163],{"class":80},[20,55892,187],{},[57,55894,55896],{"className":59,"code":55895,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55897,55898,55926],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55899,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55901,223],{"class":80},[66,55903,202],{"class":84},[66,55905,4372],{"class":88},[66,55907,202],{"class":84},[66,55909,105],{"class":80},[66,55911,211],{"class":84},[66,55913,4381],{"class":88},[66,55915,202],{"class":84},[66,55917,105],{"class":80},[66,55919,211],{"class":84},[66,55921,33288],{"class":88},[66,55923,202],{"class":84},[66,55925,240],{"class":80},[66,55927,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950,55952],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,55929,223],{"class":80},[66,55931,202],{"class":84},[66,55933,4372],{"class":88},[66,55935,202],{"class":84},[66,55937,105],{"class":80},[66,55939,211],{"class":84},[66,55941,4381],{"class":88},[66,55943,202],{"class":84},[66,55945,105],{"class":80},[66,55947,211],{"class":84},[66,55949,33288],{"class":88},[66,55951,202],{"class":84},[66,55953,240],{"class":80},[20,55955,55956],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[52,55958,2455],{"id":2454},[20,55960,662],{},[57,55962,55964],{"className":59,"code":55963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55965,55966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,55967,55968,55971,55973,55976,55978,55980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,55969,55970],{"class":72},"new_list ",[66,55972,77],{"class":76},[66,55974,55975],{"class":72}," old_list",[66,55977,50],{"class":80},[66,55979,13191],{"class":137},[66,55981,141],{"class":80},[20,55983,55984],{},"How it works:",[30,55986,55987,55993,55996],{},[33,55988,55989,55990,55992],{},"Call ",[15,55991,13059],{}," on an existing list",[33,55994,55995],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55997,55998],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56000,56001],{},"Example with an empty list:",[57,56003,56005],{"className":59,"code":56004,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56006,56007,56016,56032,56036],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56008,56009,56012,56014],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56010,56011],{"class":72},"empty_list ",[66,56013,77],{"class":76},[66,56015,8132],{"class":80},[66,56017,56018,56021,56023,56026,56028,56030],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56019,56020],{"class":72},"new_empty_list ",[66,56022,77],{"class":76},[66,56024,56025],{"class":72}," empty_list",[66,56027,50],{"class":80},[66,56029,13191],{"class":137},[66,56031,141],{"class":80},[66,56033,56034],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56035,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56037,56038,56040,56042,56045],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56039,155],{"class":154},[66,56041,158],{"class":80},[66,56043,56044],{"class":137},"new_empty_list",[66,56046,163],{"class":80},[20,56048,187],{},[57,56050,56051],{"className":59,"code":38370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,56052,56053],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56054,56055],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56056,38370],{"class":80},[20,56058,56059],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[52,56061,56063,56064],{"id":56062},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56065,77],{},[20,56067,1848,56068,14330,56070,52747],{},[15,56069,77],{},[185,56071,4926],{},[20,56073,56074],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[57,56076,56078],{"className":59,"code":56077,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56079,56080,56100,56109,56113,56128,56132,56142],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56081,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094,56096,56098],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56083,1706],{"class":72},[66,56085,77],{"class":76},[66,56087,1711],{"class":80},[66,56089,1714],{"class":117},[66,56091,105],{"class":80},[66,56093,1719],{"class":117},[66,56095,105],{"class":80},[66,56097,1724],{"class":117},[66,56099,240],{"class":80},[66,56101,56102,56105,56107],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56103,56104],{"class":72},"same_list ",[66,56106,77],{"class":76},[66,56108,44058],{"class":72},[66,56110,56111],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56112,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56114,56115,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56116,56117],{"class":72},"same_list",[66,56119,50],{"class":80},[66,56121,13830],{"class":137},[66,56123,158],{"class":80},[66,56125,2803],{"class":117},[66,56127,163],{"class":80},[66,56129,56130],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,56131,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56133,56134,56136,56138,56140],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,56135,155],{"class":154},[66,56137,158],{"class":80},[66,56139,1735],{"class":137},[66,56141,163],{"class":80},[66,56143,56144,56146,56148,56150],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,56145,155],{"class":154},[66,56147,158],{"class":80},[66,56149,56117],{"class":137},[66,56151,163],{"class":80},[20,56153,187],{},[57,56155,56157],{"className":59,"code":56156,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56158,56159,56179],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56160,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56162,223],{"class":80},[66,56164,1714],{"class":117},[66,56166,105],{"class":80},[66,56168,1719],{"class":117},[66,56170,105],{"class":80},[66,56172,1724],{"class":117},[66,56174,105],{"class":80},[66,56176,2755],{"class":117},[66,56178,240],{"class":80},[66,56180,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56195,56197],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56182,223],{"class":80},[66,56184,1714],{"class":117},[66,56186,105],{"class":80},[66,56188,1719],{"class":117},[66,56190,105],{"class":80},[66,56192,1724],{"class":117},[66,56194,105],{"class":80},[66,56196,2755],{"class":117},[66,56198,240],{"class":80},[20,56200,56201],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56203,56204,56205,94],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56206,13059],{},[57,56208,56210],{"className":59,"code":56209,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56211,56212,56232,56247,56251,56266,56270,56280],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56213,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56215,1706],{"class":72},[66,56217,77],{"class":76},[66,56219,1711],{"class":80},[66,56221,1714],{"class":117},[66,56223,105],{"class":80},[66,56225,1719],{"class":117},[66,56227,105],{"class":80},[66,56229,1724],{"class":117},[66,56231,240],{"class":80},[66,56233,56234,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56235,56236],{"class":72},"copied_numbers ",[66,56238,77],{"class":76},[66,56240,4557],{"class":72},[66,56242,50],{"class":80},[66,56244,13191],{"class":137},[66,56246,141],{"class":80},[66,56248,56249],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56250,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56252,56253,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56254,56255],{"class":72},"copied_numbers",[66,56257,50],{"class":80},[66,56259,13830],{"class":137},[66,56261,158],{"class":80},[66,56263,2803],{"class":117},[66,56265,163],{"class":80},[66,56267,56268],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,56269,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56271,56272,56274,56276,56278],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,56273,155],{"class":154},[66,56275,158],{"class":80},[66,56277,1735],{"class":137},[66,56279,163],{"class":80},[66,56281,56282,56284,56286,56288],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,56283,155],{"class":154},[66,56285,158],{"class":80},[66,56287,56255],{"class":137},[66,56289,163],{"class":80},[20,56291,187],{},[57,56293,56295],{"className":59,"code":56294,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56296,56297,56313],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56298,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56300,223],{"class":80},[66,56302,1714],{"class":117},[66,56304,105],{"class":80},[66,56306,1719],{"class":117},[66,56308,105],{"class":80},[66,56310,1724],{"class":117},[66,56312,240],{"class":80},[66,56314,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56316,223],{"class":80},[66,56318,1714],{"class":117},[66,56320,105],{"class":80},[66,56322,1719],{"class":117},[66,56324,105],{"class":80},[66,56326,1724],{"class":117},[66,56328,105],{"class":80},[66,56330,2755],{"class":117},[66,56332,240],{"class":80},[20,56334,56335,56336,50],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[652,56337,52851],{"href":51058},[52,56339,56341],{"id":56340},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56343,56344,13130,56346,50],{},[15,56345,55681],{},[185,56347,13133],{},[20,56349,2404],{},[30,56351,56352,56355],{},[33,56353,56354],{},"The outer list is new",[33,56356,56357],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56359,56360],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[57,56362,56364],{"className":59,"code":56363,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56365,56366,56393,56407,56411,56430,56434,56444],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56367,56368,56370,56372,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56369,12367],{"class":72},[66,56371,77],{"class":76},[66,56373,56374],{"class":80}," [[",[66,56376,1714],{"class":117},[66,56378,105],{"class":80},[66,56380,1719],{"class":117},[66,56382,18323],{"class":80},[66,56384,1711],{"class":80},[66,56386,2360],{"class":117},[66,56388,105],{"class":80},[66,56390,2755],{"class":117},[66,56392,53322],{"class":80},[66,56394,56395,56397,56399,56401,56403,56405],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56396,14588],{"class":72},[66,56398,77],{"class":76},[66,56400,12442],{"class":72},[66,56402,50],{"class":80},[66,56404,13191],{"class":137},[66,56406,141],{"class":80},[66,56408,56409],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56410,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56412,56413,56415,56417,56419,56421,56423,56425,56428],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56414,14607],{"class":72},[66,56416,223],{"class":80},[66,56418,2021],{"class":117},[66,56420,13827],{"class":80},[66,56422,13830],{"class":137},[66,56424,158],{"class":80},[66,56426,56427],{"class":117},"99",[66,56429,163],{"class":80},[66,56431,56432],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,56433,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56435,56436,56438,56440,56442],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,56437,155],{"class":154},[66,56439,158],{"class":80},[66,56441,12414],{"class":137},[66,56443,163],{"class":80},[66,56445,56446,56448,56450,56452],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,56447,155],{"class":154},[66,56449,158],{"class":80},[66,56451,14607],{"class":137},[66,56453,163],{"class":80},[20,56455,187],{},[57,56457,56459],{"className":59,"code":56458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56460,56461,56488],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56462,56463,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484,56486],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56464,56465],{"class":80},"[[",[66,56467,1714],{"class":117},[66,56469,105],{"class":80},[66,56471,1719],{"class":117},[66,56473,105],{"class":80},[66,56475,10485],{"class":117},[66,56477,18323],{"class":80},[66,56479,1711],{"class":80},[66,56481,2360],{"class":117},[66,56483,105],{"class":80},[66,56485,2755],{"class":117},[66,56487,53322],{"class":80},[66,56489,56490,56492,56494,56496,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56491,56465],{"class":80},[66,56493,1714],{"class":117},[66,56495,105],{"class":80},[66,56497,1719],{"class":117},[66,56499,105],{"class":80},[66,56501,10485],{"class":117},[66,56503,18323],{"class":80},[66,56505,1711],{"class":80},[66,56507,2360],{"class":117},[66,56509,105],{"class":80},[66,56511,2755],{"class":117},[66,56513,53322],{"class":80},[20,56515,56516],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56518,56519,56526],{},[33,56520,56521,4688,56523,56525],{},[15,56522,12414],{},[15,56524,14607],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56527,56528,56529,56532],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56530,56531],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56534,53733,56535,56537],{},[15,56536,13059],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56539,56540,56543,56546],{},[33,56541,56542],{},"Numbers",[33,56544,56545],{},"Strings",[33,56547,40669],{},[20,56549,56550,56551,50],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[652,56552,14067],{"href":14066},[52,56554,793],{"id":792},[20,56556,56557,56559],{},[15,56558,55681],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56561,40980,56562,56564],{},[185,56563,4926],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56566,56567],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56569,695],{},[57,56571,56573],{"className":59,"code":56572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56574,56575,56599,56613,56617],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56576,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593,56595,56597],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56578,13356],{"class":72},[66,56580,77],{"class":76},[66,56582,1711],{"class":80},[66,56584,85],{"class":84},[66,56586,13373],{"class":88},[66,56588,85],{"class":84},[66,56590,105],{"class":80},[66,56592,97],{"class":84},[66,56594,13390],{"class":88},[66,56596,85],{"class":84},[66,56598,240],{"class":80},[66,56600,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56602,13399],{"class":72},[66,56604,77],{"class":76},[66,56606,13404],{"class":72},[66,56608,50],{"class":80},[66,56610,13191],{"class":137},[66,56612,141],{"class":80},[66,56614,56615],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56616,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56618,56619,56621,56623,56625],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56620,155],{"class":154},[66,56622,158],{"class":80},[66,56624,13423],{"class":137},[66,56626,163],{"class":80},[20,56628,56629],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[57,56631,56633],{"className":59,"code":56632,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56634,56635,56659,56669,56673],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56636,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56638,13356],{"class":72},[66,56640,77],{"class":76},[66,56642,1711],{"class":80},[66,56644,85],{"class":84},[66,56646,13373],{"class":88},[66,56648,85],{"class":84},[66,56650,105],{"class":80},[66,56652,97],{"class":84},[66,56654,13390],{"class":88},[66,56656,85],{"class":84},[66,56658,240],{"class":80},[66,56660,56661,56663,56665,56667],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56662,17763],{"class":72},[66,56664,50],{"class":80},[66,56666,13191],{"class":137},[66,56668,141],{"class":80},[66,56670,56671],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56672,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56674,56675,56677,56679,56681],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56676,155],{"class":154},[66,56678,158],{"class":80},[66,56680,17763],{"class":137},[66,56682,163],{"class":80},[20,56684,56685,56686,56688],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56687,13059],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[52,56690,1154,56692],{"id":56691},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56693,55681],{},[20,56695,243,56696,1161],{},[15,56697,55681],{},[30,56699,56700,56703,56706,56709],{},[33,56701,56702],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56704,56705],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56707,56708],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56710,56711,56712],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56713,56714],{},"[:]",[20,56716,281],{},[57,56718,56720],{"className":59,"code":56719,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56721,56722,56742,56757,56761,56776,56780,56790],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56723,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734,56736,56738,56740],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56725,5359],{"class":72},[66,56727,77],{"class":76},[66,56729,1711],{"class":80},[66,56731,2628],{"class":117},[66,56733,105],{"class":80},[66,56735,118],{"class":117},[66,56737,105],{"class":80},[66,56739,8088],{"class":117},[66,56741,240],{"class":80},[66,56743,56744,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56745,56746],{"class":72},"backup_scores ",[66,56748,77],{"class":76},[66,56750,5406],{"class":72},[66,56752,50],{"class":80},[66,56754,13191],{"class":137},[66,56756,141],{"class":80},[66,56758,56759],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56760,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56762,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771,56774],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56764,16663],{"class":72},[66,56766,50],{"class":80},[66,56768,13830],{"class":137},[66,56770,158],{"class":80},[66,56772,56773],{"class":117},"40",[66,56775,163],{"class":80},[66,56777,56778],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,56779,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56781,56782,56784,56786,56788],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,56783,155],{"class":154},[66,56785,158],{"class":80},[66,56787,16663],{"class":137},[66,56789,163],{"class":80},[66,56791,56792,56794,56796,56799],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,56793,155],{"class":154},[66,56795,158],{"class":80},[66,56797,56798],{"class":137},"backup_scores",[66,56800,163],{"class":80},[20,56802,187],{},[57,56804,56806],{"className":59,"code":56805,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56807,56808,56828],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56809,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824,56826],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56811,223],{"class":80},[66,56813,2628],{"class":117},[66,56815,105],{"class":80},[66,56817,118],{"class":117},[66,56819,105],{"class":80},[66,56821,8088],{"class":117},[66,56823,105],{"class":80},[66,56825,50922],{"class":117},[66,56827,240],{"class":80},[66,56829,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56831,223],{"class":80},[66,56833,2628],{"class":117},[66,56835,105],{"class":80},[66,56837,118],{"class":117},[66,56839,105],{"class":80},[66,56841,8088],{"class":117},[66,56843,240],{"class":80},[20,56845,56846,56847,50],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[652,56848,55600,56850,978],{"href":56849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56851,52732],{},[52,56853,4814],{"id":4813},[20,56855,56856,56857,50],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56858,55681],{},[1430,56860,1848,56862,56864],{"id":56861},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56863,77],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56866,39272],{},[57,56868,56870],{"className":59,"code":56869,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56871,56872,56892,56900,56914,56918],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56873,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56875,2853],{"class":72},[66,56877,77],{"class":76},[66,56879,1711],{"class":80},[66,56881,1714],{"class":117},[66,56883,105],{"class":80},[66,56885,1719],{"class":117},[66,56887,105],{"class":80},[66,56889,1724],{"class":117},[66,56891,240],{"class":80},[66,56893,56894,56896,56898],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56895,2881],{"class":72},[66,56897,77],{"class":76},[66,56899,36246],{"class":72},[66,56901,56902,56904,56906,56908,56910,56912],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56903,1903],{"class":72},[66,56905,50],{"class":80},[66,56907,13830],{"class":137},[66,56909,158],{"class":80},[66,56911,2803],{"class":117},[66,56913,163],{"class":80},[66,56915,56916],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56917,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56919,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,56921,155],{"class":154},[66,56923,158],{"class":80},[66,56925,652],{"class":137},[66,56927,3954],{"class":80},[66,56929,55781],{"class":1945},[20,56931,56932,56933,6924],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56934,13059],{},[57,56936,56938],{"className":59,"code":56937,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56939,56940,56960,56975,56989,56993],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,56941,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,56943,2853],{"class":72},[66,56945,77],{"class":76},[66,56947,1711],{"class":80},[66,56949,1714],{"class":117},[66,56951,105],{"class":80},[66,56953,1719],{"class":117},[66,56955,105],{"class":80},[66,56957,1724],{"class":117},[66,56959,240],{"class":80},[66,56961,56962,56964,56966,56969,56971,56973],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,56963,2881],{"class":72},[66,56965,77],{"class":76},[66,56967,56968],{"class":72}," a",[66,56970,50],{"class":80},[66,56972,13191],{"class":137},[66,56974,141],{"class":80},[66,56976,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,56978,1903],{"class":72},[66,56980,50],{"class":80},[66,56982,13830],{"class":137},[66,56984,158],{"class":80},[66,56986,2803],{"class":117},[66,56988,163],{"class":80},[66,56990,56991],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,56992,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,56994,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,56996,155],{"class":154},[66,56998,158],{"class":80},[66,57000,652],{"class":137},[66,57002,3954],{"class":80},[66,57004,55012],{"class":1945},[1430,57006,57008],{"id":57007},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[57,57010,57012],{"className":59,"code":57011,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57013,57014,57034],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57015,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026,57028,57030,57032],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57017,1706],{"class":72},[66,57019,77],{"class":76},[66,57021,1711],{"class":80},[66,57023,1714],{"class":117},[66,57025,105],{"class":80},[66,57027,1719],{"class":117},[66,57029,105],{"class":80},[66,57031,1724],{"class":117},[66,57033,240],{"class":80},[66,57035,57036,57038,57040,57042],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57037,1735],{"class":72},[66,57039,50],{"class":80},[66,57041,13191],{"class":137},[66,57043,141],{"class":80},[20,57045,57046],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57048,39335],{},[57,57050,57052],{"className":59,"code":57051,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57053,57054,57074],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57055,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57057,1706],{"class":72},[66,57059,77],{"class":76},[66,57061,1711],{"class":80},[66,57063,1714],{"class":117},[66,57065,105],{"class":80},[66,57067,1719],{"class":117},[66,57069,105],{"class":80},[66,57071,1724],{"class":117},[66,57073,240],{"class":80},[66,57075,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084,57086],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57077,56236],{"class":72},[66,57079,77],{"class":76},[66,57081,4557],{"class":72},[66,57083,50],{"class":80},[66,57085,13191],{"class":137},[66,57087,141],{"class":80},[1430,57089,57091],{"id":57090},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[57,57093,57095],{"className":59,"code":57094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57096,57097,57115,57129,57133,57151,57155],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57098,57099,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57100,2853],{"class":72},[66,57102,77],{"class":76},[66,57104,56374],{"class":80},[66,57106,1714],{"class":117},[66,57108,18323],{"class":80},[66,57110,1711],{"class":80},[66,57112,2354],{"class":117},[66,57114,53322],{"class":80},[66,57116,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57118,2881],{"class":72},[66,57120,77],{"class":76},[66,57122,56968],{"class":72},[66,57124,50],{"class":80},[66,57126,13191],{"class":137},[66,57128,141],{"class":80},[66,57130,57131],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,57132,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,57134,57135,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,57136,1903],{"class":72},[66,57138,223],{"class":80},[66,57140,2021],{"class":117},[66,57142,13827],{"class":80},[66,57144,13830],{"class":137},[66,57146,158],{"class":80},[66,57148,56427],{"class":117},[66,57150,163],{"class":80},[66,57152,57153],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,57154,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,57156,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,57158,155],{"class":154},[66,57160,158],{"class":80},[66,57162,652],{"class":137},[66,57164,3954],{"class":80},[66,57166,57167],{"class":1945},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57169,57170,57171,57173],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57172,55681],{}," is shallow.",[1430,57175,1685,57177,57179],{"id":57176},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57178,13059],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57181,57182,57184],{},[15,57183,13059],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[57,57186,57188],{"className":59,"code":57187,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57189,57190,57202],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57191,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57193,8170],{"class":72},[66,57195,77],{"class":76},[66,57197,97],{"class":84},[66,57199,5299],{"class":88},[66,57201,376],{"class":84},[66,57203,57204],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57205,57206],{"class":1945},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57208,57209],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[57,57211,57213],{"className":59,"code":57212,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57214,57215],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57216,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57218,155],{"class":154},[66,57220,158],{"class":80},[66,57222,912],{"class":173},[66,57224,158],{"class":80},[66,57226,89],{"class":137},[66,57228,181],{"class":80},[20,57230,57231,57232,57236],{},"You can also review ",[652,57233,57235],{"href":57234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[52,57238,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,57240,12986,57242,57244],{"id":57241},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57243,55681],{}," change the original list?",[20,57246,57247],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1430,57249,5475,57251,4688,57253,2151],{"id":57250},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57252,55681],{},[15,57254,77],{},[20,57256,57257,57259,57260,57262],{},[15,57258,13059],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57261,77],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1430,57264,2131,57266,15180],{"id":57265},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57267,55681],{},[20,57269,57270],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1430,57272,57274],{"id":57273},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57276,42227,57277,57280],{},[15,57278,57279],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1430,57282,2131,57284,57286,57287,2151],{"id":57283},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57285,55681],{}," the same as ",[15,57288,56714],{},[20,57290,57291],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[52,57293,2183],{"id":2182},[30,57295,57296,57301,57305,57310,57316],{},[33,57297,57298],{},[652,57299,15239],{"href":57300},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,57302,57303],{},[652,57304,52851],{"href":51058},[33,57306,57307],{},[652,57308,57309],{"href":57234},"Creating a list in Python",[33,57311,57312],{},[652,57313,55600,57314,978],{"href":56849},[15,57315,52732],{},[33,57317,57318],{},[652,57319,14067],{"href":14066},[2222,57321,57322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":57324},[57325,57326,57328,57329,57331,57332,57333,57335,57343,57354],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":55791,"depth":124,"text":57327},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":56062,"depth":124,"text":57330},"Why not use =",{"id":56340,"depth":124,"text":56341},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":56691,"depth":124,"text":57334},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":57336},[57337,57339,57340,57341],{"id":56861,"depth":144,"text":57338},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57007,"depth":144,"text":57008},{"id":57090,"depth":144,"text":57091},{"id":57176,"depth":144,"text":57342},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":57344},[57345,57347,57349,57351,57352],{"id":57241,"depth":144,"text":57346},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57250,"depth":144,"text":57348},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57265,"depth":144,"text":57350},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57273,"depth":144,"text":57274},{"id":57283,"depth":144,"text":57353},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55669,"description":57355},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57362,"title":57363,"body":57364,"description":59106,"extension":2260,"meta":59107,"navigation":147,"path":59108,"seo":59109,"stem":59110,"__hash__":59111},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57365,"toc":59065},[57366,57372,57378,57381,57392,57395,57397,57460,57466,57471,57475,57489,57492,57497,57502,57504,57506,57525,57537,57539,57606,57608,57616,57621,57623,57631,57634,57651,57653,57777,57788,57792,57797,57800,57802,57820,57824,57910,57919,57927,57996,57998,58001,58013,58018,58022,58093,58096,58100,58104,58169,58171,58179,58183,58266,58268,58276,58280,58341,58343,58351,58355,58442,58444,58452,58457,58462,58465,58476,58478,58563,58568,58577,58579,58583,58587,58592,58654,58658,58666,58672,58681,58686,58735,58738,58759,58763,58825,58832,58837,58840,58927,58930,58941,58944,58964,58966,58972,58975,58979,58983,58989,58992,58998,59005,59013,59024,59026,59062],[10,57367,54422,57369,18],{"id":57368},"python-list-count-method",[15,57370,57371],{},"count()",[20,57373,57374,57377],{},[15,57375,57376],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57379,57380],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,57382,57383,57386,57389],{},[33,57384,57385],{},"count one specific item",[33,57387,57388],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,57390,57391],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57393,57394],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[52,57396,3903],{"id":3902},[57,57398,57400],{"className":59,"code":57399,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57401,57402,57430,57448],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57403,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57405,1706],{"class":72},[66,57407,77],{"class":76},[66,57409,1711],{"class":80},[66,57411,1714],{"class":117},[66,57413,105],{"class":80},[66,57415,1719],{"class":117},[66,57417,105],{"class":80},[66,57419,1719],{"class":117},[66,57421,105],{"class":80},[66,57423,1724],{"class":117},[66,57425,105],{"class":80},[66,57427,1719],{"class":117},[66,57429,240],{"class":80},[66,57431,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57433,877],{"class":72},[66,57435,77],{"class":76},[66,57437,4557],{"class":72},[66,57439,50],{"class":80},[66,57441,41334],{"class":137},[66,57443,158],{"class":80},[66,57445,2354],{"class":117},[66,57447,163],{"class":80},[66,57449,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,57451,155],{"class":154},[66,57453,158],{"class":80},[66,57455,901],{"class":137},[66,57457,3954],{"class":80},[66,57459,50849],{"class":1945},[20,57461,243,57462,57465],{},[15,57463,57464],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[52,57467,250,57469,253],{"id":57468},"what-listcount-does",[15,57470,57376],{},[20,57472,57473,94],{},[15,57474,57376],{},[30,57476,57477,57480,57483,57486],{},[33,57478,57479],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57481,57482],{},"returns an integer",[33,57484,57485],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57487,57488],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57490,57491],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57493,57494,57495,50],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57496,2360],{},[20,57498,57499,57500,50],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57501,2021],{},[52,57503,2455],{"id":2454},[20,57505,662],{},[57,57507,57509],{"className":59,"code":57508,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57510,57511],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57512,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57514,8632],{"class":72},[66,57516,50],{"class":80},[66,57518,41334],{"class":137},[66,57520,158],{"class":80},[66,57522,2771],{"class":137},[66,57524,163],{"class":80},[30,57526,57527,57532],{},[33,57528,57529,57531],{},[15,57530,8632],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57533,57534,57536],{},[15,57535,2771],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57538,281],{},[57,57540,57542],{"className":59,"code":57541,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57543,57544,57584],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57545,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57547,36161],{"class":72},[66,57549,77],{"class":76},[66,57551,1711],{"class":80},[66,57553,85],{"class":84},[66,57555,652],{"class":88},[66,57557,85],{"class":84},[66,57559,105],{"class":80},[66,57561,97],{"class":84},[66,57563,1903],{"class":88},[66,57565,85],{"class":84},[66,57567,105],{"class":80},[66,57569,97],{"class":84},[66,57571,652],{"class":88},[66,57573,85],{"class":84},[66,57575,105],{"class":80},[66,57577,97],{"class":84},[66,57579,10027],{"class":88},[66,57581,85],{"class":84},[66,57583,240],{"class":80},[66,57585,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57587,155],{"class":154},[66,57589,158],{"class":80},[66,57591,36214],{"class":137},[66,57593,50],{"class":80},[66,57595,41334],{"class":137},[66,57597,158],{"class":80},[66,57599,85],{"class":84},[66,57601,652],{"class":88},[66,57603,85],{"class":84},[66,57605,181],{"class":80},[20,57607,187],{},[57,57609,57610],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,57611,57612],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57613,57614],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57615,17328],{"class":117},[20,57617,57618,57619,50],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57620,2021],{},[52,57622,38093],{"id":38092},[20,57624,57625,57626,57628,57629,50],{},"The return value from ",[15,57627,57371],{}," is always an ",[15,57630,2486],{},[20,57632,57633],{},"Possible results:",[30,57635,57636,57641,57646],{},[33,57637,57638,57640],{},[15,57639,2021],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57642,57643,57645],{},[15,57644,1714],{}," if it appears once",[33,57647,57648,57650],{},[15,57649,2354],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57652,281],{},[57,57654,57656],{"className":59,"code":57655,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57657,57658,57698,57702,57727,57752],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57659,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690,57692,57694,57696],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57661,13356],{"class":72},[66,57663,77],{"class":76},[66,57665,1711],{"class":80},[66,57667,85],{"class":84},[66,57669,13373],{"class":88},[66,57671,85],{"class":84},[66,57673,105],{"class":80},[66,57675,97],{"class":84},[66,57677,13390],{"class":88},[66,57679,85],{"class":84},[66,57681,105],{"class":80},[66,57683,97],{"class":84},[66,57685,17716],{"class":88},[66,57687,85],{"class":84},[66,57689,105],{"class":80},[66,57691,97],{"class":84},[66,57693,13390],{"class":88},[66,57695,85],{"class":84},[66,57697,240],{"class":80},[66,57699,57700],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57701,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,57703,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,57705,155],{"class":154},[66,57707,158],{"class":80},[66,57709,17763],{"class":137},[66,57711,50],{"class":80},[66,57713,41334],{"class":137},[66,57715,158],{"class":80},[66,57717,85],{"class":84},[66,57719,13390],{"class":88},[66,57721,85],{"class":84},[66,57723,5658],{"class":80},[66,57725,57726],{"class":1945},"   # 2\n",[66,57728,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,57730,155],{"class":154},[66,57732,158],{"class":80},[66,57734,17763],{"class":137},[66,57736,50],{"class":80},[66,57738,41334],{"class":137},[66,57740,158],{"class":80},[66,57742,85],{"class":84},[66,57744,13373],{"class":88},[66,57746,85],{"class":84},[66,57748,5658],{"class":80},[66,57750,57751],{"class":1945},"    # 1\n",[66,57753,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,57755,155],{"class":154},[66,57757,158],{"class":80},[66,57759,17763],{"class":137},[66,57761,50],{"class":80},[66,57763,41334],{"class":137},[66,57765,158],{"class":80},[66,57767,85],{"class":84},[66,57769,22778],{"class":88},[66,57771,85],{"class":84},[66,57773,5658],{"class":80},[66,57775,57776],{"class":1945}," # 0\n",[20,57778,57779,57780,57782,57783,57785,57786,50],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57781,57371],{}," works, but using ",[15,57784,1067],{}," is often simpler. See ",[652,57787,6491],{"href":6490},[52,57789,57791],{"id":57790},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57793,57794,57796],{},[15,57795,57376],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57798,57799],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57801,43726],{},[30,57803,57804,57807,57810,57817],{},[33,57805,57806],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57808,57809],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57811,57812,4688,57814,57816],{},[15,57813,1714],{},[15,57815,1386],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57818,57819],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1430,57821,57823],{"id":57822},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[57,57825,57827],{"className":59,"code":57826,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57828,57829,57862,57886],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57830,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57832,4363],{"class":72},[66,57834,77],{"class":76},[66,57836,1711],{"class":80},[66,57838,85],{"class":84},[66,57840,4372],{"class":88},[66,57842,85],{"class":84},[66,57844,105],{"class":80},[66,57846,97],{"class":84},[66,57848,57849],{"class":88},"Apple",[66,57851,85],{"class":84},[66,57853,105],{"class":80},[66,57855,97],{"class":84},[66,57857,4372],{"class":88},[66,57859,85],{"class":84},[66,57861,240],{"class":80},[66,57863,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57865,155],{"class":154},[66,57867,158],{"class":80},[66,57869,4407],{"class":137},[66,57871,50],{"class":80},[66,57873,41334],{"class":137},[66,57875,158],{"class":80},[66,57877,85],{"class":84},[66,57879,4372],{"class":88},[66,57881,85],{"class":84},[66,57883,5658],{"class":80},[66,57885,51494],{"class":1945},[66,57887,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,57889,155],{"class":154},[66,57891,158],{"class":80},[66,57893,4407],{"class":137},[66,57895,50],{"class":80},[66,57897,41334],{"class":137},[66,57899,158],{"class":80},[66,57901,85],{"class":84},[66,57903,57849],{"class":88},[66,57905,85],{"class":84},[66,57907,5658],{"class":80},[66,57909,27844],{"class":1945},[20,57911,57912,4688,57915,57918],{},[15,57913,57914],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57916,57917],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1430,57920,57922,4688,57924,57926],{"id":57921},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57923,1714],{},[15,57925,1386],{}," can match",[57,57928,57930],{"className":59,"code":57929,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57931,57932,57956,57976],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,57933,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,57935,4116],{"class":72},[66,57937,77],{"class":76},[66,57939,1711],{"class":80},[66,57941,1714],{"class":117},[66,57943,105],{"class":80},[66,57945,4208],{"class":4146},[66,57947,105],{"class":80},[66,57949,1719],{"class":117},[66,57951,105],{"class":80},[66,57953,1896],{"class":117},[66,57955,240],{"class":80},[66,57957,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,57959,155],{"class":154},[66,57961,158],{"class":80},[66,57963,5655],{"class":137},[66,57965,50],{"class":80},[66,57967,41334],{"class":137},[66,57969,158],{"class":80},[66,57971,1714],{"class":117},[66,57973,5658],{"class":80},[66,57975,50997],{"class":1945},[66,57977,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,57979,155],{"class":154},[66,57981,158],{"class":80},[66,57983,5655],{"class":137},[66,57985,50],{"class":80},[66,57987,41334],{"class":137},[66,57989,158],{"class":80},[66,57991,1386],{"class":4146},[66,57993,5658],{"class":80},[66,57995,50849],{"class":1945},[20,57997,4705],{},[20,57999,58000],{},"In Python:",[30,58002,58003,58008],{},[33,58004,58005],{},[15,58006,58007],{},"True == 1",[33,58009,58010],{},[15,58011,58012],{},"False == 0",[20,58014,53733,58015,58017],{},[15,58016,57371],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1430,58019,58021],{"id":58020},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[57,58023,58025],{"className":59,"code":58024,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58026,58027,58069],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58028,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58030,8073],{"class":72},[66,58032,77],{"class":76},[66,58034,56374],{"class":80},[66,58036,1714],{"class":117},[66,58038,105],{"class":80},[66,58040,1719],{"class":117},[66,58042,18323],{"class":80},[66,58044,1711],{"class":80},[66,58046,2360],{"class":117},[66,58048,105],{"class":80},[66,58050,2755],{"class":117},[66,58052,18323],{"class":80},[66,58054,1711],{"class":80},[66,58056,1714],{"class":117},[66,58058,105],{"class":80},[66,58060,1719],{"class":117},[66,58062,18323],{"class":80},[66,58064,1711],{"class":80},[66,58066,1714],{"class":117},[66,58068,53322],{"class":80},[66,58070,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58072,155],{"class":154},[66,58074,158],{"class":80},[66,58076,8103],{"class":137},[66,58078,50],{"class":80},[66,58080,41334],{"class":137},[66,58082,199],{"class":80},[66,58084,1714],{"class":117},[66,58086,105],{"class":80},[66,58088,1719],{"class":117},[66,58090,5031],{"class":80},[66,58092,51494],{"class":1945},[20,58094,58095],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[52,58097,58099],{"id":58098},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1430,58101,58103],{"id":58102},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[57,58105,58107],{"className":59,"code":58106,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58108,58109,58137,58155,58159],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58110,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58112,1706],{"class":72},[66,58114,77],{"class":76},[66,58116,1711],{"class":80},[66,58118,2628],{"class":117},[66,58120,105],{"class":80},[66,58122,118],{"class":117},[66,58124,105],{"class":80},[66,58126,6297],{"class":117},[66,58128,105],{"class":80},[66,58130,8088],{"class":117},[66,58132,105],{"class":80},[66,58134,6297],{"class":117},[66,58136,240],{"class":80},[66,58138,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58140,877],{"class":72},[66,58142,77],{"class":76},[66,58144,4557],{"class":72},[66,58146,50],{"class":80},[66,58148,41334],{"class":137},[66,58150,158],{"class":80},[66,58152,2628],{"class":117},[66,58154,163],{"class":80},[66,58156,58157],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,58158,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,58160,58161,58163,58165,58167],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,58162,155],{"class":154},[66,58164,158],{"class":80},[66,58166,901],{"class":137},[66,58168,163],{"class":80},[20,58170,187],{},[57,58172,58173],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,58174,58175],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58176,58177],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58178,46694],{"class":117},[1430,58180,58182],{"id":58181},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[57,58184,58186],{"className":59,"code":58185,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58187,58188,58230,58252,58256],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58189,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58226,58228],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58191,4363],{"class":72},[66,58193,77],{"class":76},[66,58195,1711],{"class":80},[66,58197,85],{"class":84},[66,58199,37119],{"class":88},[66,58201,85],{"class":84},[66,58203,105],{"class":80},[66,58205,97],{"class":84},[66,58207,58208],{"class":88},"dog",[66,58210,85],{"class":84},[66,58212,105],{"class":80},[66,58214,97],{"class":84},[66,58216,37119],{"class":88},[66,58218,85],{"class":84},[66,58220,105],{"class":80},[66,58222,97],{"class":84},[66,58224,58225],{"class":88},"bird",[66,58227,85],{"class":84},[66,58229,240],{"class":80},[66,58231,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58233,877],{"class":72},[66,58235,77],{"class":76},[66,58237,6461],{"class":72},[66,58239,50],{"class":80},[66,58241,41334],{"class":137},[66,58243,158],{"class":80},[66,58245,85],{"class":84},[66,58247,37119],{"class":88},[66,58249,85],{"class":84},[66,58251,163],{"class":80},[66,58253,58254],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,58255,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,58257,58258,58260,58262,58264],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,58259,155],{"class":154},[66,58261,158],{"class":80},[66,58263,901],{"class":137},[66,58265,163],{"class":80},[20,58267,187],{},[57,58269,58270],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,58271,58272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58273,58274],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58275,17328],{"class":117},[1430,58277,58279],{"id":58278},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[57,58281,58283],{"className":59,"code":58282,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58284,58285,58309,58327,58331],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58286,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58288,1706],{"class":72},[66,58290,77],{"class":76},[66,58292,1711],{"class":80},[66,58294,1714],{"class":117},[66,58296,105],{"class":80},[66,58298,1719],{"class":117},[66,58300,105],{"class":80},[66,58302,1724],{"class":117},[66,58304,105],{"class":80},[66,58306,2755],{"class":117},[66,58308,240],{"class":80},[66,58310,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58312,877],{"class":72},[66,58314,77],{"class":76},[66,58316,4557],{"class":72},[66,58318,50],{"class":80},[66,58320,41334],{"class":137},[66,58322,158],{"class":80},[66,58324,2433],{"class":117},[66,58326,163],{"class":80},[66,58328,58329],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,58330,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,58332,58333,58335,58337,58339],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,58334,155],{"class":154},[66,58336,158],{"class":80},[66,58338,901],{"class":137},[66,58340,163],{"class":80},[20,58342,187],{},[57,58344,58345],{"className":59,"code":47329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,58346,58347],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58348,58349],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58350,47329],{"class":117},[1430,58352,58354],{"id":58353},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[57,58356,58358],{"className":59,"code":58357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58359,58360,58406,58428,58432],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58361,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58363,472],{"class":72},[66,58365,77],{"class":76},[66,58367,56374],{"class":80},[66,58369,1714],{"class":117},[66,58371,105],{"class":80},[66,58373,1719],{"class":117},[66,58375,18323],{"class":80},[66,58377,1711],{"class":80},[66,58379,1714],{"class":117},[66,58381,105],{"class":80},[66,58383,1719],{"class":117},[66,58385,18323],{"class":80},[66,58387,1711],{"class":80},[66,58389,2354],{"class":117},[66,58391,105],{"class":80},[66,58393,1724],{"class":117},[66,58395,18323],{"class":80},[66,58397,1711],{"class":80},[66,58399,1714],{"class":117},[66,58401,105],{"class":80},[66,58403,1719],{"class":117},[66,58405,53322],{"class":80},[66,58407,58408,58410,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58409,877],{"class":72},[66,58411,77],{"class":76},[66,58413,1920],{"class":72},[66,58415,50],{"class":80},[66,58417,41334],{"class":137},[66,58419,199],{"class":80},[66,58421,1714],{"class":117},[66,58423,105],{"class":80},[66,58425,1719],{"class":117},[66,58427,218],{"class":80},[66,58429,58430],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,58431,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,58433,58434,58436,58438,58440],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,58435,155],{"class":154},[66,58437,158],{"class":80},[66,58439,901],{"class":137},[66,58441,163],{"class":80},[20,58443,187],{},[57,58445,58446],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,58447,58448],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58449,58450],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58451,46694],{"class":117},[52,58453,1154,58455],{"id":58454},"when-to-use-count",[15,58456,57371],{},[20,58458,243,58459,58461],{},[15,58460,57371],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58463,58464],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58466,58467,58470,58473],{},[33,58468,58469],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58471,58472],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58474,58475],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58477,281],{},[57,58479,58481],{"className":59,"code":58480,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58482,58483,58524,58548,58552],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58484,58485,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58486,58487],{"class":72},"votes ",[66,58489,77],{"class":76},[66,58491,1711],{"class":80},[66,58493,85],{"class":84},[66,58495,8950],{"class":88},[66,58497,85],{"class":84},[66,58499,105],{"class":80},[66,58501,97],{"class":84},[66,58503,8890],{"class":88},[66,58505,85],{"class":84},[66,58507,105],{"class":80},[66,58509,97],{"class":84},[66,58511,8950],{"class":88},[66,58513,85],{"class":84},[66,58515,105],{"class":80},[66,58517,97],{"class":84},[66,58519,8950],{"class":88},[66,58521,85],{"class":84},[66,58523,240],{"class":80},[66,58525,58526,58529,58531,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58527,58528],{"class":72},"yes_votes ",[66,58530,77],{"class":76},[66,58532,58533],{"class":72}," votes",[66,58535,50],{"class":80},[66,58537,41334],{"class":137},[66,58539,158],{"class":80},[66,58541,85],{"class":84},[66,58543,8950],{"class":88},[66,58545,85],{"class":84},[66,58547,163],{"class":80},[66,58549,58550],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,58551,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,58553,58554,58556,58558,58561],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,58555,155],{"class":154},[66,58557,158],{"class":80},[66,58559,58560],{"class":137},"yes_votes",[66,58562,163],{"class":80},[20,58564,58565,58567],{},[15,58566,57371],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58569,58570,58571,4688,58573,50],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[652,58572,52851],{"href":51058},[652,58574,58576],{"href":58575},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[52,58578,1838],{"id":1837},[20,58580,8740,58581,50],{},[15,58582,57376],{},[1430,58584,58586],{"id":58585},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58588,58589,58591],{},[15,58590,57376],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[57,58593,58595],{"className":59,"code":58594,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58596,58597,58630],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58598,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58610,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58600,4363],{"class":72},[66,58602,77],{"class":76},[66,58604,1711],{"class":80},[66,58606,85],{"class":84},[66,58608,58609],{"class":88},"apple pie",[66,58611,85],{"class":84},[66,58613,105],{"class":80},[66,58615,97],{"class":84},[66,58617,4381],{"class":88},[66,58619,85],{"class":84},[66,58621,105],{"class":80},[66,58623,97],{"class":84},[66,58625,58609],{"class":88},[66,58627,85],{"class":84},[66,58629,240],{"class":80},[66,58631,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58633,155],{"class":154},[66,58635,158],{"class":80},[66,58637,4407],{"class":137},[66,58639,50],{"class":80},[66,58641,41334],{"class":137},[66,58643,158],{"class":80},[66,58645,85],{"class":84},[66,58647,4372],{"class":88},[66,58649,85],{"class":84},[66,58651,5658],{"class":80},[66,58653,51326],{"class":1945},[20,58655,2787,58656,2151],{},[15,58657,2021],{},[20,58659,29126,58660,58662,58663,50],{},[15,58661,57914],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58664,58665],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58667,58668,58669,50],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58670,58671],{},"str.count()",[1430,58673,1433,58675,8748,58677,3176,58679],{"id":58674},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58676,57371],{},[15,58678,1386],{},[15,58680,3967],{},[20,58682,58683,58685],{},[15,58684,57371],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[57,58687,58689],{"className":59,"code":58688,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58690,58691,58715],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58692,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58694,1706],{"class":72},[66,58696,77],{"class":76},[66,58698,1711],{"class":80},[66,58700,1714],{"class":117},[66,58702,105],{"class":80},[66,58704,1719],{"class":117},[66,58706,105],{"class":80},[66,58708,1719],{"class":117},[66,58710,105],{"class":80},[66,58712,1724],{"class":117},[66,58714,240],{"class":80},[66,58716,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731,58733],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58718,155],{"class":154},[66,58720,158],{"class":80},[66,58722,1735],{"class":137},[66,58724,50],{"class":80},[66,58726,41334],{"class":137},[66,58728,158],{"class":80},[66,58730,2354],{"class":117},[66,58732,5658],{"class":80},[66,58734,51494],{"class":1945},[20,58736,58737],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[57,58739,58741],{"className":59,"code":58740,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58742,58743],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58744,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58746,155],{"class":154},[66,58748,158],{"class":80},[66,58750,2354],{"class":117},[66,58752,1372],{"class":1060},[66,58754,4557],{"class":137},[66,58756,3954],{"class":80},[66,58758,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,58760,58762],{"id":58761},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[57,58764,58766],{"className":59,"code":58765,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58767,58768,58801],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58769,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58797,58799],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58771,5290],{"class":72},[66,58773,77],{"class":76},[66,58775,1711],{"class":80},[66,58777,85],{"class":84},[66,58779,7970],{"class":88},[66,58781,85],{"class":84},[66,58783,105],{"class":80},[66,58785,97],{"class":84},[66,58787,20477],{"class":88},[66,58789,85],{"class":84},[66,58791,105],{"class":80},[66,58793,97],{"class":84},[66,58795,58796],{"class":88},"SAM",[66,58798,85],{"class":84},[66,58800,240],{"class":80},[66,58802,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58804,155],{"class":154},[66,58806,158],{"class":80},[66,58808,5334],{"class":137},[66,58810,50],{"class":80},[66,58812,41334],{"class":137},[66,58814,158],{"class":80},[66,58816,85],{"class":84},[66,58818,20477],{"class":88},[66,58820,85],{"class":84},[66,58822,5658],{"class":80},[66,58824,27844],{"class":1945},[20,58826,58827,58828,58831],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58829,58830],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1430,58833,29715,58835,33616],{"id":58834},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58836,57371],{},[20,58838,58839],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[57,58841,58843],{"className":59,"code":58842,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58844,58845,58855,58869,58887,58901,58913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,58846,58847,58849,58851,58853],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,58848,155],{"class":154},[66,58850,158],{"class":80},[66,58852,8632],{"class":137},[66,58854,163],{"class":80},[66,58856,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,58858,155],{"class":154},[66,58860,158],{"class":80},[66,58862,912],{"class":173},[66,58864,158],{"class":80},[66,58866,8632],{"class":137},[66,58868,181],{"class":80},[66,58870,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,58872,155],{"class":154},[66,58874,158],{"class":80},[66,58876,8632],{"class":137},[66,58878,50],{"class":80},[66,58880,41334],{"class":137},[66,58882,158],{"class":80},[66,58884,2771],{"class":137},[66,58886,181],{"class":80},[66,58888,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,58890,155],{"class":154},[66,58892,158],{"class":80},[66,58894,2745],{"class":137},[66,58896,1067],{"class":1060},[66,58898,8689],{"class":137},[66,58900,163],{"class":80},[66,58902,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,58904,1061],{"class":1060},[66,58906,6253],{"class":72},[66,58908,1067],{"class":1060},[66,58910,8689],{"class":72},[66,58912,1133],{"class":80},[66,58914,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,58916,1081],{"class":154},[66,58918,158],{"class":80},[66,58920,41854],{"class":154},[66,58922,158],{"class":80},[66,58924,23563],{"class":137},[66,58926,181],{"class":80},[20,58928,58929],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,58931,58932,58935,58938],{},[33,58933,58934],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,58936,58937],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,58939,58940],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58942,58943],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,58945,58946,58951,58954,58961],{},[33,58947,50570,58948,58950],{},[15,58949,57371],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,58952,58953],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,58955,11391,58956,58958,58959],{},[15,58957,57376],{}," with string ",[15,58960,57371],{},[33,58962,58963],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[52,58965,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,58967,12986,58969,58971],{"id":58968},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58970,57376],{}," change the list?",[20,58973,58974],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1430,58976,58978],{"id":58977},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58980,12192,58981,50],{},[15,58982,2021],{},[1430,58984,5465,58986,58988],{"id":58985},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58987,57376],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58990,58991],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1430,58993,2131,58995,58997],{"id":58994},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58996,57376],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58999,42227,59000,4688,59002,59004],{},[15,59001,57917],{},[15,59003,57914],{}," are different values.",[1430,59006,5453,59008,59010,59011,2151],{"id":59007},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59009,1386],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59012,1714],{},[20,59014,9078,59015,59017,59018,4688,59020,59017,59022,50],{},[15,59016,1386],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59019,1714],{},[15,59021,3967],{},[15,59023,2021],{},[52,59025,2183],{"id":2182},[30,59027,59028,59032,59038,59042,59050,59057],{},[33,59029,59030],{},[652,59031,52851],{"href":51058},[33,59033,59034],{},[652,59035,59037],{"href":59036},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,59039,59040],{},[652,59041,7229],{"href":6490},[33,59043,59044],{},[652,59045,55600,59047,978],{"href":59046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59048,59049],{},"index()",[33,59051,59052],{},[652,59053,3870,59055],{"href":59054},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59056,42436],{},[33,59058,59059],{},[652,59060,59061],{"href":58575},"What is a list in Python",[2222,59063,59064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":59066},[59067,59068,59070,59071,59072,59078,59084,59086,59094,59105],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":57468,"depth":124,"text":59069},"What list.count() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":38092,"depth":124,"text":38093},{"id":57790,"depth":124,"text":57791,"children":59073},[59074,59075,59077],{"id":57822,"depth":144,"text":57823},{"id":57921,"depth":144,"text":59076},"1 and True can match",{"id":58020,"depth":144,"text":58021},{"id":58098,"depth":124,"text":58099,"children":59079},[59080,59081,59082,59083],{"id":58102,"depth":144,"text":58103},{"id":58181,"depth":144,"text":58182},{"id":58278,"depth":144,"text":58279},{"id":58353,"depth":144,"text":58354},{"id":58454,"depth":124,"text":59085},"When to use count()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":59087},[59088,59089,59091,59092],{"id":58585,"depth":144,"text":58586},{"id":58674,"depth":144,"text":59090},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58761,"depth":144,"text":58762},{"id":58834,"depth":144,"text":59093},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":59095},[59096,59098,59099,59101,59103],{"id":58968,"depth":144,"text":59097},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58977,"depth":144,"text":58978},{"id":58985,"depth":144,"text":59100},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58994,"depth":144,"text":59102},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59007,"depth":144,"text":59104},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57363,"description":59106},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59113,"title":59114,"body":59115,"description":61078,"extension":2260,"meta":61079,"navigation":147,"path":61080,"seo":61081,"stem":61082,"__hash__":61083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59116,"toc":61041},[59117,59120,59123,59125,59253,59257,59338,59349,59351,59370,59374,59377,59380,59398,59400,59443,59447,59472,59481,59485,59490,59493,59610,59614,59683,59687,59699,59703,59706,59747,59751,59764,59767,59852,59856,59889,59896,59902,59907,59909,59921,59925,59958,59962,59994,59998,60035,60039,60059,60063,60097,60101,60130,60141,60145,60148,60151,60164,60221,60225,60264,60270,60273,60275,60278,60282,60285,60310,60312,60337,60344,60347,60392,60396,60415,60418,60457,60464,60469,60503,60507,60608,60615,60648,60652,60678,60682,60685,60723,60726,60763,60767,60770,60789,60793,60854,60856,60874,60878,60881,60884,60913,60915,60919,60922,60930,60934,60937,60957,60963,60969,60973,60976,60983,60991,60993,61032,61038],[10,59118,59114],{"id":59119},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59121,59122],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[52,59124,3903],{"id":3902},[57,59126,59128],{"className":59,"code":59127,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59129,59130,59150,59182,59190,59208,59212,59222,59232,59243],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59131,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59133,1706],{"class":72},[66,59135,77],{"class":76},[66,59137,1711],{"class":80},[66,59139,1714],{"class":117},[66,59141,105],{"class":80},[66,59143,1719],{"class":117},[66,59145,105],{"class":80},[66,59147,1724],{"class":117},[66,59149,240],{"class":80},[66,59151,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59153,5290],{"class":72},[66,59155,77],{"class":76},[66,59157,1711],{"class":80},[66,59159,85],{"class":84},[66,59161,100],{"class":88},[66,59163,85],{"class":84},[66,59165,105],{"class":80},[66,59167,97],{"class":84},[66,59169,36011],{"class":88},[66,59171,85],{"class":84},[66,59173,105],{"class":80},[66,59175,97],{"class":84},[66,59177,36020],{"class":88},[66,59179,85],{"class":84},[66,59181,240],{"class":80},[66,59183,59184,59186,59188],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,59185,56011],{"class":72},[66,59187,77],{"class":76},[66,59189,8132],{"class":80},[66,59191,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,59193,36161],{"class":72},[66,59195,77],{"class":76},[66,59197,1656],{"class":173},[66,59199,158],{"class":80},[66,59201,85],{"class":84},[66,59203,41635],{"class":88},[66,59205,85],{"class":84},[66,59207,163],{"class":80},[66,59209,59210],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,59211,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,59213,59214,59216,59218,59220],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,59215,155],{"class":154},[66,59217,158],{"class":80},[66,59219,1735],{"class":137},[66,59221,163],{"class":80},[66,59223,59224,59226,59228,59230],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,59225,155],{"class":154},[66,59227,158],{"class":80},[66,59229,5334],{"class":137},[66,59231,163],{"class":80},[66,59233,59234,59236,59238,59241],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,59235,155],{"class":154},[66,59237,158],{"class":80},[66,59239,59240],{"class":137},"empty_list",[66,59242,163],{"class":80},[66,59244,59245,59247,59249,59251],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,59246,155],{"class":154},[66,59248,158],{"class":80},[66,59250,36214],{"class":137},[66,59252,163],{"class":80},[20,59254,59255],{},[185,59256,187],{},[57,59258,59260],{"className":59,"code":59259,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59261,59262,59278,59306,59310],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59263,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59265,223],{"class":80},[66,59267,1714],{"class":117},[66,59269,105],{"class":80},[66,59271,1719],{"class":117},[66,59273,105],{"class":80},[66,59275,1724],{"class":117},[66,59277,240],{"class":80},[66,59279,59280,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59281,223],{"class":80},[66,59283,202],{"class":84},[66,59285,100],{"class":88},[66,59287,202],{"class":84},[66,59289,105],{"class":80},[66,59291,211],{"class":84},[66,59293,36011],{"class":88},[66,59295,202],{"class":84},[66,59297,105],{"class":80},[66,59299,211],{"class":84},[66,59301,36020],{"class":88},[66,59303,202],{"class":84},[66,59305,240],{"class":80},[66,59307,59308],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,59309,38370],{"class":80},[66,59311,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,59313,223],{"class":80},[66,59315,202],{"class":84},[66,59317,652],{"class":88},[66,59319,202],{"class":84},[66,59321,105],{"class":80},[66,59323,211],{"class":84},[66,59325,1903],{"class":88},[66,59327,202],{"class":84},[66,59329,105],{"class":80},[66,59331,211],{"class":84},[66,59333,10027],{"class":88},[66,59335,202],{"class":84},[66,59337,240],{"class":80},[20,59339,59340,59341,59343,59344,59346,59347,50],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59342,4080],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59345,817],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59348,36269],{},[52,59350,15437],{"id":15436},[30,59352,59353,59356,59359,59362,59367],{},[33,59354,59355],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,59357,59358],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,59360,59361],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,59363,59364,59365,2600],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59366,817],{},[33,59368,59369],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[52,59371,59373],{"id":59372},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59375,59376],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59378,59379],{},"This means:",[30,59381,59382,59385,59388,59391],{},[33,59383,59384],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,59386,59387],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,59389,59390],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,59392,59393,59394,59397],{},"A list is ",[185,59395,59396],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59399,281],{},[57,59401,59403],{"className":59,"code":59402,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59404,59405,59429,59433],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59406,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425,59427],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59408,8073],{"class":72},[66,59410,77],{"class":76},[66,59412,1711],{"class":80},[66,59414,85],{"class":84},[66,59416,4372],{"class":88},[66,59418,85],{"class":84},[66,59420,105],{"class":80},[66,59422,6297],{"class":117},[66,59424,105],{"class":80},[66,59426,4208],{"class":4146},[66,59428,240],{"class":80},[66,59430,59431],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59432,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,59434,59435,59437,59439,59441],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,59436,155],{"class":154},[66,59438,158],{"class":80},[66,59440,8103],{"class":137},[66,59442,163],{"class":80},[20,59444,59445],{},[185,59446,187],{},[57,59448,59450],{"className":59,"code":59449,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59451,59452],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59453,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59455,223],{"class":80},[66,59457,202],{"class":84},[66,59459,4372],{"class":88},[66,59461,202],{"class":84},[66,59463,105],{"class":80},[66,59465,6297],{"class":117},[66,59467,105],{"class":80},[66,59469,4208],{"class":4146},[66,59471,240],{"class":80},[20,59473,59474,59475,3176,59478,50],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[652,59476,59477],{"href":51058},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[652,59479,59480],{"href":58575},"What is a List in Python?",[52,59482,59484],{"id":59483},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59486,59340,59487,59489],{},[15,59488,4080],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59491,59492],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[57,59494,59496],{"className":59,"code":59495,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59497,59498,59518,59550,59575,59579,59589,59599],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59499,59500,59502,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59501,1706],{"class":72},[66,59503,77],{"class":76},[66,59505,1711],{"class":80},[66,59507,1714],{"class":117},[66,59509,105],{"class":80},[66,59511,1719],{"class":117},[66,59513,105],{"class":80},[66,59515,1724],{"class":117},[66,59517,240],{"class":80},[66,59519,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59521,5290],{"class":72},[66,59523,77],{"class":76},[66,59525,1711],{"class":80},[66,59527,85],{"class":84},[66,59529,100],{"class":88},[66,59531,85],{"class":84},[66,59533,105],{"class":80},[66,59535,97],{"class":84},[66,59537,36011],{"class":88},[66,59539,85],{"class":84},[66,59541,105],{"class":80},[66,59543,97],{"class":84},[66,59545,36020],{"class":88},[66,59547,85],{"class":84},[66,59549,240],{"class":80},[66,59551,59552,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,59553,59554],{"class":72},"mixed ",[66,59556,77],{"class":76},[66,59558,1711],{"class":80},[66,59560,2628],{"class":117},[66,59562,105],{"class":80},[66,59564,97],{"class":84},[66,59566,4139],{"class":88},[66,59568,85],{"class":84},[66,59570,105],{"class":80},[66,59572,4199],{"class":4146},[66,59574,240],{"class":80},[66,59576,59577],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,59578,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,59580,59581,59583,59585,59587],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,59582,155],{"class":154},[66,59584,158],{"class":80},[66,59586,1735],{"class":137},[66,59588,163],{"class":80},[66,59590,59591,59593,59595,59597],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,59592,155],{"class":154},[66,59594,158],{"class":80},[66,59596,5334],{"class":137},[66,59598,163],{"class":80},[66,59600,59601,59603,59605,59608],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,59602,155],{"class":154},[66,59604,158],{"class":80},[66,59606,59607],{"class":137},"mixed",[66,59609,163],{"class":80},[20,59611,59612],{},[185,59613,187],{},[57,59615,59617],{"className":59,"code":59616,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59618,59619,59635,59663],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59620,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59622,223],{"class":80},[66,59624,1714],{"class":117},[66,59626,105],{"class":80},[66,59628,1719],{"class":117},[66,59630,105],{"class":80},[66,59632,1724],{"class":117},[66,59634,240],{"class":80},[66,59636,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651,59653,59655,59657,59659,59661],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59638,223],{"class":80},[66,59640,202],{"class":84},[66,59642,100],{"class":88},[66,59644,202],{"class":84},[66,59646,105],{"class":80},[66,59648,211],{"class":84},[66,59650,36011],{"class":88},[66,59652,202],{"class":84},[66,59654,105],{"class":80},[66,59656,211],{"class":84},[66,59658,36020],{"class":88},[66,59660,202],{"class":84},[66,59662,240],{"class":80},[66,59664,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,59666,223],{"class":80},[66,59668,2628],{"class":117},[66,59670,105],{"class":80},[66,59672,211],{"class":84},[66,59674,4139],{"class":88},[66,59676,202],{"class":84},[66,59678,105],{"class":80},[66,59680,4199],{"class":4146},[66,59682,240],{"class":80},[1430,59684,59686],{"id":59685},"key-points","Key points",[30,59688,59689,59694,59696],{},[33,59690,243,59691,59693],{},[15,59692,4080],{}," to make a new list",[33,59695,15706],{},[33,59697,59698],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[52,59700,59702],{"id":59701},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59704,59705],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[57,59707,59709],{"className":59,"code":59708,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59710,59711,59719,59723,59733],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59712,59713,59715,59717],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59714,8601],{"class":72},[66,59716,77],{"class":76},[66,59718,8132],{"class":80},[66,59720,59721],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59722,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,59724,59725,59727,59729,59731],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,59726,155],{"class":154},[66,59728,158],{"class":80},[66,59730,8632],{"class":137},[66,59732,163],{"class":80},[66,59734,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,59736,155],{"class":154},[66,59738,158],{"class":80},[66,59740,11445],{"class":154},[66,59742,158],{"class":80},[66,59744,8632],{"class":137},[66,59746,181],{"class":80},[20,59748,59749],{},[185,59750,187],{},[57,59752,59754],{"className":59,"code":59753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[]\n0\n",[15,59755,59756,59760],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59757,59758],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59759,38370],{"class":80},[66,59761,59762],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59763,47329],{"class":117},[20,59765,59766],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[57,59768,59770],{"className":59,"code":59769,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59771,59772,59780,59784,59802,59820,59838,59842],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59773,59774,59776,59778],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59775,5290],{"class":72},[66,59777,77],{"class":76},[66,59779,8132],{"class":80},[66,59781,59782],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59783,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,59785,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,59787,5334],{"class":72},[66,59789,50],{"class":80},[66,59791,13830],{"class":137},[66,59793,158],{"class":80},[66,59795,85],{"class":84},[66,59797,100],{"class":88},[66,59799,85],{"class":84},[66,59801,163],{"class":80},[66,59803,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,59805,5334],{"class":72},[66,59807,50],{"class":80},[66,59809,13830],{"class":137},[66,59811,158],{"class":80},[66,59813,85],{"class":84},[66,59815,36011],{"class":88},[66,59817,85],{"class":84},[66,59819,163],{"class":80},[66,59821,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,59823,5334],{"class":72},[66,59825,50],{"class":80},[66,59827,13830],{"class":137},[66,59829,158],{"class":80},[66,59831,85],{"class":84},[66,59833,36020],{"class":88},[66,59835,85],{"class":84},[66,59837,163],{"class":80},[66,59839,59840],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,59841,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,59843,59844,59846,59848,59850],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,59845,155],{"class":154},[66,59847,158],{"class":80},[66,59849,5334],{"class":137},[66,59851,163],{"class":80},[20,59853,59854],{},[185,59855,187],{},[57,59857,59859],{"className":59,"code":59858,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59860,59861],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59862,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883,59885,59887],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59864,223],{"class":80},[66,59866,202],{"class":84},[66,59868,100],{"class":88},[66,59870,202],{"class":84},[66,59872,105],{"class":80},[66,59874,211],{"class":84},[66,59876,36011],{"class":88},[66,59878,202],{"class":84},[66,59880,105],{"class":80},[66,59882,211],{"class":84},[66,59884,36020],{"class":88},[66,59886,202],{"class":84},[66,59888,240],{"class":80},[20,59890,59891,59892,50],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[652,59893,59894,978],{"href":56849},[15,59895,52732],{},[52,59897,59899,59900],{"id":59898},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59901,817],{},[20,59903,243,59904,59906],{},[15,59905,817],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59908,5752],{},[30,59910,59911,59913,59915,59917],{},[33,59912,5605],{},[33,59914,5599],{},[33,59916,5602],{},[33,59918,59919],{},[15,59920,36269],{},[1430,59922,59924],{"id":59923},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[57,59926,59928],{"className":59,"code":59927,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59929,59930,59948],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59931,59932,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59933,36161],{"class":72},[66,59935,77],{"class":76},[66,59937,1656],{"class":173},[66,59939,158],{"class":80},[66,59941,85],{"class":84},[66,59943,41635],{"class":88},[66,59945,85],{"class":84},[66,59947,163],{"class":80},[66,59949,59950,59952,59954,59956],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,59951,155],{"class":154},[66,59953,158],{"class":80},[66,59955,36214],{"class":137},[66,59957,163],{"class":80},[20,59959,59960],{},[185,59961,187],{},[57,59963,59964],{"className":59,"code":42951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,59965,59966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,59967,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,59969,223],{"class":80},[66,59971,202],{"class":84},[66,59973,652],{"class":88},[66,59975,202],{"class":84},[66,59977,105],{"class":80},[66,59979,211],{"class":84},[66,59981,1903],{"class":88},[66,59983,202],{"class":84},[66,59985,105],{"class":80},[66,59987,211],{"class":84},[66,59989,10027],{"class":88},[66,59991,202],{"class":84},[66,59993,240],{"class":80},[1430,59995,59997],{"id":59996},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[57,59999,60001],{"className":59,"code":60000,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60002,60003,60025],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60004,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60006,1706],{"class":72},[66,60008,77],{"class":76},[66,60010,1656],{"class":173},[66,60012,5805],{"class":80},[66,60014,1714],{"class":117},[66,60016,105],{"class":80},[66,60018,1719],{"class":117},[66,60020,105],{"class":80},[66,60022,1724],{"class":117},[66,60024,181],{"class":80},[66,60026,60027,60029,60031,60033],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60028,155],{"class":154},[66,60030,158],{"class":80},[66,60032,1735],{"class":137},[66,60034,163],{"class":80},[20,60036,60037],{},[185,60038,187],{},[57,60040,60041],{"className":59,"code":55230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,60042,60043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60044,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60046,223],{"class":80},[66,60048,1714],{"class":117},[66,60050,105],{"class":80},[66,60052,1719],{"class":117},[66,60054,105],{"class":80},[66,60056,1724],{"class":117},[66,60058,240],{"class":80},[1430,60060,60062],{"id":60061},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[57,60064,60066],{"className":59,"code":60065,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60067,60068,60087],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60069,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078,60081,60083,60085],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60071,4116],{"class":72},[66,60073,77],{"class":76},[66,60075,1656],{"class":173},[66,60077,158],{"class":80},[66,60079,60080],{"class":154},"range",[66,60082,158],{"class":80},[66,60084,2433],{"class":117},[66,60086,181],{"class":80},[66,60088,60089,60091,60093,60095],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60090,155],{"class":154},[66,60092,158],{"class":80},[66,60094,5655],{"class":137},[66,60096,163],{"class":80},[20,60098,60099],{},[185,60100,187],{},[57,60102,60104],{"className":59,"code":60103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60105,60106],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60107,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60109,223],{"class":80},[66,60111,2021],{"class":117},[66,60113,105],{"class":80},[66,60115,1896],{"class":117},[66,60117,105],{"class":80},[66,60119,1719],{"class":117},[66,60121,105],{"class":80},[66,60123,1724],{"class":117},[66,60125,105],{"class":80},[66,60127,2755],{"class":117},[66,60129,240],{"class":80},[20,60131,60132,60134,60135,50],{},[15,60133,817],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[652,60136,60138,60140],{"href":60137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60139,817],{},": Function Explained",[52,60142,60144],{"id":60143},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60146,60147],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60149,60150],{},"Examples include:",[30,60152,60153,60155,60157,60159,60161],{},[33,60154,5605],{},[33,60156,40498],{},[33,60158,52125],{},[33,60160,40668],{},[33,60162,60163],{},"other lists",[57,60165,60167],{"className":59,"code":60166,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60168,60169,60207,60211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60170,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203,60205],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60172,472],{"class":72},[66,60174,77],{"class":76},[66,60176,1711],{"class":80},[66,60178,85],{"class":84},[66,60180,100],{"class":88},[66,60182,85],{"class":84},[66,60184,105],{"class":80},[66,60186,323],{"class":117},[66,60188,105],{"class":80},[66,60190,4208],{"class":4146},[66,60192,105],{"class":80},[66,60194,1711],{"class":80},[66,60196,1714],{"class":117},[66,60198,105],{"class":80},[66,60200,1719],{"class":117},[66,60202,105],{"class":80},[66,60204,1724],{"class":117},[66,60206,53322],{"class":80},[66,60208,60209],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60210,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,60212,60213,60215,60217,60219],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,60214,155],{"class":154},[66,60216,158],{"class":80},[66,60218,535],{"class":137},[66,60220,163],{"class":80},[20,60222,60223],{},[185,60224,187],{},[57,60226,60228],{"className":59,"code":60227,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60229,60230],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60231,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60233,223],{"class":80},[66,60235,202],{"class":84},[66,60237,100],{"class":88},[66,60239,202],{"class":84},[66,60241,105],{"class":80},[66,60243,323],{"class":117},[66,60245,105],{"class":80},[66,60247,4208],{"class":4146},[66,60249,105],{"class":80},[66,60251,1711],{"class":80},[66,60253,1714],{"class":117},[66,60255,105],{"class":80},[66,60257,1719],{"class":117},[66,60259,105],{"class":80},[66,60261,1724],{"class":117},[66,60263,53322],{"class":80},[20,60265,60266,60267,50],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[185,60268,60269],{},"nested list",[20,60271,60272],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[52,60274,4814],{"id":4813},[20,60276,60277],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1430,60279,60281],{"id":60280},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60283,60284],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[57,60286,60288],{"className":59,"code":60287,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60289,60290,60294],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60291,60292],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60293,4831],{"class":1945},[66,60295,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60297,1706],{"class":72},[66,60299,77],{"class":76},[66,60301,1711],{"class":80},[66,60303,1714],{"class":117},[66,60305,1719],{"class":117},[66,60307,1724],{"class":117},[66,60309,240],{"class":80},[20,60311,11091],{},[57,60313,60315],{"className":59,"code":60314,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60316,60317],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60318,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60320,1706],{"class":72},[66,60322,77],{"class":76},[66,60324,1711],{"class":80},[66,60326,1714],{"class":117},[66,60328,105],{"class":80},[66,60330,1719],{"class":117},[66,60332,105],{"class":80},[66,60334,1724],{"class":117},[66,60336,240],{"class":80},[1430,60338,1848,60340,11376,60342],{"id":60339},"using-instead-of",[15,60341,7659],{},[15,60343,4080],{},[20,60345,60346],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[57,60348,60350],{"className":59,"code":60349,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60351,60352,60373,60377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60353,60354,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60355,60356],{"class":72},"my_values ",[66,60358,77],{"class":76},[66,60360,9527],{"class":80},[66,60362,1714],{"class":117},[66,60364,105],{"class":80},[66,60366,1719],{"class":117},[66,60368,105],{"class":80},[66,60370,1724],{"class":117},[66,60372,163],{"class":80},[66,60374,60375],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60376,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,60378,60379,60381,60383,60385,60387,60390],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,60380,155],{"class":154},[66,60382,158],{"class":80},[66,60384,912],{"class":173},[66,60386,158],{"class":80},[66,60388,60389],{"class":137},"my_values",[66,60391,181],{"class":80},[20,60393,60394],{},[185,60395,187],{},[57,60397,60399],{"className":59,"code":60398,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60400,60401],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60402,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60404,954],{"class":76},[66,60406,958],{"class":957},[66,60408,211],{"class":84},[66,60410,49031],{"class":88},[66,60412,202],{"class":84},[66,60414,967],{"class":76},[20,60416,60417],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[57,60419,60421],{"className":59,"code":60420,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60422,60423,60443],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60424,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60426,60356],{"class":72},[66,60428,77],{"class":76},[66,60430,1711],{"class":80},[66,60432,1714],{"class":117},[66,60434,105],{"class":80},[66,60436,1719],{"class":117},[66,60438,105],{"class":80},[66,60440,1724],{"class":117},[66,60442,240],{"class":80},[66,60444,60445,60447,60449,60451,60453,60455],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60446,155],{"class":154},[66,60448,158],{"class":80},[66,60450,912],{"class":173},[66,60452,158],{"class":80},[66,60454,60389],{"class":137},[66,60456,181],{"class":80},[1430,60458,1433,60460,60463],{"id":60459},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60461,60462],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60465,60466,60468],{},[15,60467,817],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[57,60470,60472],{"className":59,"code":60471,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60473,60474,60493],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60475,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486,60489,60491],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60477,877],{"class":72},[66,60479,77],{"class":76},[66,60481,1656],{"class":173},[66,60483,158],{"class":80},[66,60485,85],{"class":84},[66,60487,60488],{"class":88},"hello world",[66,60490,85],{"class":84},[66,60492,163],{"class":80},[66,60494,60495,60497,60499,60501],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60496,155],{"class":154},[66,60498,158],{"class":80},[66,60500,901],{"class":137},[66,60502,163],{"class":80},[20,60504,60505],{},[185,60506,187],{},[57,60508,60510],{"className":59,"code":60509,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60511,60512],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60513,60514,60516,60518,60521,60523,60525,60527,60530,60532,60534,60536,60539,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549,60551,60553,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60515,223],{"class":80},[66,60517,202],{"class":84},[66,60519,60520],{"class":88},"h",[66,60522,202],{"class":84},[66,60524,105],{"class":80},[66,60526,211],{"class":84},[66,60528,60529],{"class":88},"e",[66,60531,202],{"class":84},[66,60533,105],{"class":80},[66,60535,211],{"class":84},[66,60537,60538],{"class":88},"l",[66,60540,202],{"class":84},[66,60542,105],{"class":80},[66,60544,211],{"class":84},[66,60546,60538],{"class":88},[66,60548,202],{"class":84},[66,60550,105],{"class":80},[66,60552,211],{"class":84},[66,60554,60555],{"class":88},"o",[66,60557,202],{"class":84},[66,60559,105],{"class":80},[66,60561,211],{"class":84},[66,60563,211],{"class":84},[66,60565,105],{"class":80},[66,60567,211],{"class":84},[66,60569,60570],{"class":88},"w",[66,60572,202],{"class":84},[66,60574,105],{"class":80},[66,60576,211],{"class":84},[66,60578,60555],{"class":88},[66,60580,202],{"class":84},[66,60582,105],{"class":80},[66,60584,211],{"class":84},[66,60586,60587],{"class":88},"r",[66,60589,202],{"class":84},[66,60591,105],{"class":80},[66,60593,211],{"class":84},[66,60595,60538],{"class":88},[66,60597,202],{"class":84},[66,60599,105],{"class":80},[66,60601,211],{"class":84},[66,60603,19027],{"class":88},[66,60605,202],{"class":84},[66,60607,240],{"class":80},[20,60609,60610,60611,60614],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60612,60613],{},"split()"," instead:",[57,60616,60618],{"className":59,"code":60617,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60619,60620,60638],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60621,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60623,4363],{"class":72},[66,60625,77],{"class":76},[66,60627,97],{"class":84},[66,60629,60488],{"class":88},[66,60631,85],{"class":84},[66,60633,50],{"class":80},[66,60635,34537],{"class":137},[66,60637,141],{"class":80},[66,60639,60640,60642,60644,60646],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60641,155],{"class":154},[66,60643,158],{"class":80},[66,60645,4407],{"class":137},[66,60647,163],{"class":80},[20,60649,60650],{},[185,60651,187],{},[57,60653,60655],{"className":59,"code":60654,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60656,60657],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60658,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60674,60676],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60660,223],{"class":80},[66,60662,202],{"class":84},[66,60664,4139],{"class":88},[66,60666,202],{"class":84},[66,60668,105],{"class":80},[66,60670,211],{"class":84},[66,60672,60673],{"class":88},"world",[66,60675,202],{"class":84},[66,60677,240],{"class":80},[1430,60679,60681],{"id":60680},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60683,60684],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[57,60686,60688],{"className":59,"code":60687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60689,60690,60694],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60691,60692],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60693,4831],{"class":1945},[66,60695,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60715,60717,60719,60721],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60697,5290],{"class":72},[66,60699,77],{"class":76},[66,60701,1711],{"class":80},[66,60703,85],{"class":84},[66,60705,100],{"class":88},[66,60707,85],{"class":84},[66,60709,105],{"class":80},[66,60711,97],{"class":84},[66,60713,60714],{"class":88},"Ben', ",[66,60716,85],{"class":84},[66,60718,36020],{"class":72},[66,60720,85],{"class":84},[66,60722,240],{"class":88},[20,60724,60725],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[57,60727,60729],{"className":59,"code":60728,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60730,60731],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60732,60733,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755,60757,60759,60761],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60734,5290],{"class":72},[66,60736,77],{"class":76},[66,60738,1711],{"class":80},[66,60740,85],{"class":84},[66,60742,100],{"class":88},[66,60744,85],{"class":84},[66,60746,105],{"class":80},[66,60748,97],{"class":84},[66,60750,36011],{"class":88},[66,60752,85],{"class":84},[66,60754,105],{"class":80},[66,60756,97],{"class":84},[66,60758,36020],{"class":88},[66,60760,85],{"class":84},[66,60762,240],{"class":80},[1430,60764,60766],{"id":60765},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60768,60769],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60771,60772,60775,60778,60783],{},[33,60773,60774],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60776,60777],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60779,60780,60781],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60782,817],{},[33,60784,1433,60785,60788],{},[15,60786,60787],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1430,60790,60792],{"id":60791},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[57,60794,60796],{"className":59,"code":60795,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60797,60798,60808,60822,60836],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60799,60800,60802,60804,60806],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60801,155],{"class":154},[66,60803,158],{"class":80},[66,60805,8632],{"class":137},[66,60807,163],{"class":80},[66,60809,60810,60812,60814,60816,60818,60820],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,60811,155],{"class":154},[66,60813,158],{"class":80},[66,60815,912],{"class":173},[66,60817,158],{"class":80},[66,60819,8632],{"class":137},[66,60821,181],{"class":80},[66,60823,60824,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,60825,155],{"class":154},[66,60827,158],{"class":80},[66,60829,11445],{"class":154},[66,60831,158],{"class":80},[66,60833,8632],{"class":137},[66,60835,181],{"class":80},[66,60837,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850,60852],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,60839,155],{"class":154},[66,60841,158],{"class":80},[66,60843,174],{"class":173},[66,60845,158],{"class":80},[66,60847,60080],{"class":154},[66,60849,158],{"class":80},[66,60851,2433],{"class":117},[66,60853,3210],{"class":80},[20,60855,2094],{},[30,60857,60858,60861,60864,60867],{},[33,60859,60860],{},"what the list contains",[33,60862,60863],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60865,60866],{},"how many items it has",[33,60868,2105,60869,60871,60872],{},[15,60870,817],{}," does with ",[15,60873,36269],{},[52,60875,60877],{"id":60876},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60879,60880],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60882,60883],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60885,60886,60901,60906],{},[33,60887,243,60888,2487,60892,17341,60896,60900],{},[652,60889,60890],{"href":56849},[15,60891,52732],{},[652,60893,60894],{"href":53424},[15,60895,53526],{},[652,60897,60898],{"href":53988},[15,60899,54348],{}," to add items later",[33,60902,243,60903,60905],{},[652,60904,59477],{"href":51058}," for a broader introduction",[33,60907,243,60908,60912],{},[652,60909,60910,60140],{"href":60137},[15,60911,817],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[52,60914,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,60916,60918],{"id":60917},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60920,60921],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[57,60923,60924],{"className":59,"code":38370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,60925,60926],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60927,60928],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60929,38370],{"class":80},[1430,60931,60933],{"id":60932},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60935,60936],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[57,60938,60939],{"className":59,"code":55230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,60940,60941],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,60942,60943,60945,60947,60949,60951,60953,60955],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,60944,223],{"class":80},[66,60946,1714],{"class":117},[66,60948,105],{"class":80},[66,60950,1719],{"class":117},[66,60952,105],{"class":80},[66,60954,1724],{"class":117},[66,60956,240],{"class":80},[1430,60958,5438,60960,60962],{"id":60959},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60961,817],{}," do in Python?",[20,60964,60965,60966,60968],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60967,36269],{},", into a list.",[1430,60970,60972],{"id":60971},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60974,60975],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1430,60977,5475,60979,4688,60981,2151],{"id":60978},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60980,4080],{},[15,60982,7659],{},[20,60984,60985,60987,60988,60990],{},[15,60986,4080],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60989,7659],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[52,60992,2183],{"id":2182},[30,60994,60995,60999,61005,61011,61017,61023,61027],{},[33,60996,60997],{},[652,60998,59477],{"href":51058},[33,61000,61001],{},[652,61002,55600,61003,18],{"href":56849},[15,61004,52732],{},[33,61006,61007],{},[652,61008,55600,61009,18],{"href":53424},[15,61010,53526],{},[33,61012,61013],{},[652,61014,55600,61015,18],{"href":53988},[15,61016,54348],{},[33,61018,61019],{},[652,61020,3870,61021,3874],{"href":60137},[15,61022,817],{},[33,61024,61025],{},[652,61026,59480],{"href":58575},[33,61028,61029],{},[652,61030,61031],{"href":12346},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61033,61034,61035,61037],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61036,52732],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2222,61039,61040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":61042},[61043,61044,61045,61046,61049,61050,61056,61057,61067,61068,61077],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":15436,"depth":124,"text":15437},{"id":59372,"depth":124,"text":59373},{"id":59483,"depth":124,"text":59484,"children":61047},[61048],{"id":59685,"depth":144,"text":59686},{"id":59701,"depth":124,"text":59702},{"id":59898,"depth":124,"text":61051,"children":61052},"Create a list with list()",[61053,61054,61055],{"id":59923,"depth":144,"text":59924},{"id":59996,"depth":144,"text":59997},{"id":60061,"depth":144,"text":60062},{"id":60143,"depth":124,"text":60144},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":61058},[61059,61060,61062,61064,61065,61066],{"id":60280,"depth":144,"text":60281},{"id":60339,"depth":144,"text":61061},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60459,"depth":144,"text":61063},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60680,"depth":144,"text":60681},{"id":60765,"depth":144,"text":60766},{"id":60791,"depth":144,"text":60792},{"id":60876,"depth":124,"text":60877},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":61069},[61070,61071,61072,61074,61075],{"id":60917,"depth":144,"text":60918},{"id":60932,"depth":144,"text":60933},{"id":60959,"depth":144,"text":61073},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60971,"depth":144,"text":60972},{"id":60978,"depth":144,"text":61076},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59114,"description":61078},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61085,"title":61086,"body":61087,"description":62828,"extension":2260,"meta":62829,"navigation":147,"path":62830,"seo":62831,"stem":62832,"__hash__":62833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61088,"toc":62783},[61089,61094,61099,61102,61104,61175,61180,61185,61189,61203,61208,61210,61230,61235,61238,61261,61265,61270,61362,61364,61386,61392,61398,61405,61412,61418,61475,61481,61539,61541,61553,61561,61567,61572,61576,61633,61636,61640,61699,61702,61706,61764,61776,61780,61833,61836,61840,61846,61852,61914,61917,61978,61981,62037,62042,62044,62048,62055,62116,62121,62130,62186,62193,62197,62255,62264,62322,62326,62361,62365,62375,62378,62433,62447,62450,62565,62570,62574,62585,62587,62666,62676,62678,62683,62688,62695,62703,62709,62712,62718,62721,62727,62733,62735,62771,62780],[10,61090,54422,61092,18],{"id":61091},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61093,53526],{},[20,61095,61096,61098],{},[15,61097,53427],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61100,61101],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[52,61103,55],{"id":54},[57,61105,61107],{"className":59,"code":61106,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61108,61109,61125,61142,61146,61161,61171],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61110,61111,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61112,1706],{"class":72},[66,61114,77],{"class":76},[66,61116,1711],{"class":80},[66,61118,1714],{"class":117},[66,61120,105],{"class":80},[66,61122,1719],{"class":117},[66,61124,240],{"class":80},[66,61126,61127,61130,61132,61134,61136,61138,61140],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61128,61129],{"class":72},"more_numbers ",[66,61131,77],{"class":76},[66,61133,1711],{"class":80},[66,61135,2360],{"class":117},[66,61137,105],{"class":80},[66,61139,2755],{"class":117},[66,61141,240],{"class":80},[66,61143,61144],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61145,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61147,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156,61159],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61149,1735],{"class":72},[66,61151,50],{"class":80},[66,61153,53556],{"class":137},[66,61155,158],{"class":80},[66,61157,61158],{"class":137},"more_numbers",[66,61160,163],{"class":80},[66,61162,61163,61165,61167,61169],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61164,155],{"class":154},[66,61166,158],{"class":80},[66,61168,1735],{"class":137},[66,61170,163],{"class":80},[66,61172,61173],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,61174,52803],{"class":1945},[20,61176,243,61177,61179],{},[15,61178,53526],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[52,61181,250,61183,253],{"id":61182},"what-listextend-does",[15,61184,53427],{},[20,61186,61187,94],{},[15,61188,53526],{},[30,61190,61191,61194,61196,61199],{},[33,61192,61193],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,61195,54508],{},[33,61197,61198],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,61200,11706,61201],{},[15,61202,4071],{},[20,61204,61205,61206,53881],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61207,53526],{},[52,61209,2455],{"id":2454},[57,61211,61213],{"className":59,"code":61212,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61214,61215],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61216,61217,61220,61222,61224,61226,61228],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61218,61219],{"class":72},"list_name",[66,61221,50],{"class":80},[66,61223,53556],{"class":137},[66,61225,158],{"class":80},[66,61227,4013],{"class":137},[66,61229,163],{"class":80},[20,61231,5747,61232,61234],{},[185,61233,4013],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61236,61237],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,61239,61240,61244,61248,61252,61257],{},[33,61241,61242],{},[15,61243,174],{},[33,61245,61246],{},[15,61247,49031],{},[33,61249,61250],{},[15,61251,6580],{},[33,61253,61254],{},[15,61255,61256],{},"string",[33,61258,61259],{},[15,61260,60080],{},[52,61262,61264],{"id":61263},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61266,61267,61268,94],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61269,53526],{},[57,61271,61273],{"className":59,"code":61272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61274,61275,61299,61324,61328,61343,61347,61357],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61276,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291,61293,61295,61297],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61278,36310],{"class":72},[66,61280,77],{"class":76},[66,61282,1711],{"class":80},[66,61284,85],{"class":84},[66,61286,4372],{"class":88},[66,61288,85],{"class":84},[66,61290,105],{"class":80},[66,61292,97],{"class":84},[66,61294,4381],{"class":88},[66,61296,85],{"class":84},[66,61298,240],{"class":80},[66,61300,61301,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61302,61303],{"class":72},"more_fruits ",[66,61305,77],{"class":76},[66,61307,1711],{"class":80},[66,61309,85],{"class":84},[66,61311,33288],{"class":88},[66,61313,85],{"class":84},[66,61315,105],{"class":80},[66,61317,97],{"class":84},[66,61319,22787],{"class":88},[66,61321,85],{"class":84},[66,61323,240],{"class":80},[66,61325,61326],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61327,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61329,61330,61332,61334,61336,61338,61341],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61331,36362],{"class":72},[66,61333,50],{"class":80},[66,61335,53556],{"class":137},[66,61337,158],{"class":80},[66,61339,61340],{"class":137},"more_fruits",[66,61342,163],{"class":80},[66,61344,61345],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61346,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61348,61349,61351,61353,61355],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,61350,155],{"class":154},[66,61352,158],{"class":80},[66,61354,36362],{"class":137},[66,61356,163],{"class":80},[66,61358,61359],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,61360,61361],{"class":1945},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61363,11965],{},[30,61365,61366,61371,61376],{},[33,61367,61368,61370],{},[15,61369,36362],{}," starts with two items",[33,61372,61373,61375],{},[15,61374,61340],{}," has two more items",[33,61377,61378,61380,61381,61383,61384],{},[15,61379,53526],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61382,61340],{}," to ",[15,61385,36362],{},[20,61387,61388,61389,61391],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61390,36362],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61393,54647,61394,4688,61396,50],{},[652,61395,52851],{"href":51058},[652,61397,57235],{"href":57234},[52,61399,61401,10871,61403],{"id":61400},"extend-vs-append",[15,61402,53526],{},[15,61404,52732],{},[20,61406,61407,4688,61409,61411],{},[15,61408,53526],{},[15,61410,52732],{}," are often confused.",[1430,61413,61415,61417],{"id":61414},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61416,53526],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[57,61419,61421],{"className":59,"code":61420,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61422,61423,61439,61457,61461,61471],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61424,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435,61437],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61426,1706],{"class":72},[66,61428,77],{"class":76},[66,61430,1711],{"class":80},[66,61432,1714],{"class":117},[66,61434,105],{"class":80},[66,61436,1719],{"class":117},[66,61438,240],{"class":80},[66,61440,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61442,1735],{"class":72},[66,61444,50],{"class":80},[66,61446,53556],{"class":137},[66,61448,199],{"class":80},[66,61450,2360],{"class":117},[66,61452,105],{"class":80},[66,61454,2755],{"class":117},[66,61456,218],{"class":80},[66,61458,61459],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61460,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61462,61463,61465,61467,61469],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61464,155],{"class":154},[66,61466,158],{"class":80},[66,61468,1735],{"class":137},[66,61470,163],{"class":80},[66,61472,61473],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61474,52803],{"class":1945},[1430,61476,61478,61480],{"id":61477},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61479,52732],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[57,61482,61484],{"className":59,"code":61483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61485,61486,61502,61520,61524,61534],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61487,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61489,1706],{"class":72},[66,61491,77],{"class":76},[66,61493,1711],{"class":80},[66,61495,1714],{"class":117},[66,61497,105],{"class":80},[66,61499,1719],{"class":117},[66,61501,240],{"class":80},[66,61503,61504,61506,61508,61510,61512,61514,61516,61518],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61505,1735],{"class":72},[66,61507,50],{"class":80},[66,61509,13830],{"class":137},[66,61511,199],{"class":80},[66,61513,2360],{"class":117},[66,61515,105],{"class":80},[66,61517,2755],{"class":117},[66,61519,218],{"class":80},[66,61521,61522],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61523,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61525,61526,61528,61530,61532],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61527,155],{"class":154},[66,61529,158],{"class":80},[66,61531,1735],{"class":137},[66,61533,163],{"class":80},[66,61535,61536],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61537,61538],{"class":1945},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61540,1815],{},[30,61542,61543,61548],{},[33,61544,61545,61547],{},[15,61546,53526],{}," to combine values",[33,61549,61550,61552],{},[15,61551,52732],{}," to add one item",[20,61554,42168,61555,4688,61559,50],{},[652,61556,55600,61557,978],{"href":56849},[15,61558,52732],{},[652,61560,53129],{"href":53128},[52,61562,1848,61564,61566],{"id":61563},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61565,53526],{}," with different iterables",[20,61568,61569,61571],{},[15,61570,53526],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1430,61573,61575],{"id":61574},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[57,61577,61579],{"className":59,"code":61578,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61580,61581,61597,61615,61619,61629],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61582,61583,61585,61587,61589,61591,61593,61595],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61584,4116],{"class":72},[66,61586,77],{"class":76},[66,61588,1711],{"class":80},[66,61590,1714],{"class":117},[66,61592,105],{"class":80},[66,61594,1719],{"class":117},[66,61596,240],{"class":80},[66,61598,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607,61609,61611,61613],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61600,5655],{"class":72},[66,61602,50],{"class":80},[66,61604,53556],{"class":137},[66,61606,5805],{"class":80},[66,61608,2360],{"class":117},[66,61610,105],{"class":80},[66,61612,2755],{"class":117},[66,61614,181],{"class":80},[66,61616,61617],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61618,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61620,61621,61623,61625,61627],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61622,155],{"class":154},[66,61624,158],{"class":80},[66,61626,5655],{"class":137},[66,61628,163],{"class":80},[66,61630,61631],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61632,52803],{"class":1945},[20,61634,61635],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1430,61637,61639],{"id":61638},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[57,61641,61643],{"className":59,"code":61642,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61644,61645,61661,61680,61684,61694],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61646,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61648,36161],{"class":72},[66,61650,77],{"class":76},[66,61652,1711],{"class":80},[66,61654,85],{"class":84},[66,61656,652],{"class":88},[66,61658,85],{"class":84},[66,61660,240],{"class":80},[66,61662,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673,61676,61678],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61664,36214],{"class":72},[66,61666,50],{"class":80},[66,61668,53556],{"class":137},[66,61670,158],{"class":80},[66,61672,85],{"class":84},[66,61674,61675],{"class":88},"bc",[66,61677,85],{"class":84},[66,61679,163],{"class":80},[66,61681,61682],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61683,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61685,61686,61688,61690,61692],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61687,155],{"class":154},[66,61689,158],{"class":80},[66,61691,36214],{"class":137},[66,61693,163],{"class":80},[66,61695,61696],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61697,61698],{"class":1945},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61700,61701],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1430,61703,61705],{"id":61704},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[57,61707,61709],{"className":59,"code":61708,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61710,61711,61723,61745,61749,61759],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61712,61713,61715,61717,61719,61721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61714,1706],{"class":72},[66,61716,77],{"class":76},[66,61718,1711],{"class":80},[66,61720,2021],{"class":117},[66,61722,240],{"class":80},[66,61724,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61726,1735],{"class":72},[66,61728,50],{"class":80},[66,61730,53556],{"class":137},[66,61732,158],{"class":80},[66,61734,60080],{"class":154},[66,61736,158],{"class":80},[66,61738,1714],{"class":117},[66,61740,105],{"class":80},[66,61742,2755],{"class":117},[66,61744,181],{"class":80},[66,61746,61747],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61748,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61750,61751,61753,61755,61757],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61752,155],{"class":154},[66,61754,158],{"class":80},[66,61756,1735],{"class":137},[66,61758,163],{"class":80},[66,61760,61761],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61762,61763],{"class":1945},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61765,61766,61769,61770,2487,61772,17341,61774,50],{},[15,61767,61768],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61771,1714],{},[15,61773,2354],{},[15,61775,2360],{},[1430,61777,61779],{"id":61778},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[57,61781,61783],{"className":59,"code":61782,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61784,61785,61801,61819,61823],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61786,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61788,8073],{"class":72},[66,61790,77],{"class":76},[66,61792,1711],{"class":80},[66,61794,1714],{"class":117},[66,61796,105],{"class":80},[66,61798,1719],{"class":117},[66,61800,240],{"class":80},[66,61802,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61804,8103],{"class":72},[66,61806,50],{"class":80},[66,61808,53556],{"class":137},[66,61810,5824],{"class":80},[66,61812,2360],{"class":117},[66,61814,105],{"class":80},[66,61816,2755],{"class":117},[66,61818,30562],{"class":80},[66,61820,61821],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61822,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61824,61825,61827,61829,61831],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61826,155],{"class":154},[66,61828,158],{"class":80},[66,61830,8103],{"class":137},[66,61832,163],{"class":80},[20,61834,61835],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[52,61837,61839],{"id":61838},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61841,61842,2695,61844,50],{},[15,61843,53526],{},[15,61845,4071],{},[20,61847,61848,61849,94],{},"That means this is ",[185,61850,61851],{},"wrong",[57,61853,61855],{"className":59,"code":61854,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61856,61857,61873,61895,61899,61909],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61858,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61860,1706],{"class":72},[66,61862,77],{"class":76},[66,61864,1711],{"class":80},[66,61866,1714],{"class":117},[66,61868,105],{"class":80},[66,61870,1719],{"class":117},[66,61872,240],{"class":80},[66,61874,61875,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61876,877],{"class":72},[66,61878,77],{"class":76},[66,61880,4557],{"class":72},[66,61882,50],{"class":80},[66,61884,53556],{"class":137},[66,61886,199],{"class":80},[66,61888,2360],{"class":117},[66,61890,105],{"class":80},[66,61892,2755],{"class":117},[66,61894,218],{"class":80},[66,61896,61897],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61898,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61900,61901,61903,61905,61907],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61902,155],{"class":154},[66,61904,158],{"class":80},[66,61906,901],{"class":137},[66,61908,163],{"class":80},[66,61910,61911],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61912,61913],{"class":1945},"# None\n",[20,61915,61916],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[57,61918,61920],{"className":59,"code":61919,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61921,61922,61938,61960,61964,61974],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61923,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934,61936],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61925,1706],{"class":72},[66,61927,77],{"class":76},[66,61929,1711],{"class":80},[66,61931,1714],{"class":117},[66,61933,105],{"class":80},[66,61935,1719],{"class":117},[66,61937,240],{"class":80},[66,61939,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,61941,1706],{"class":72},[66,61943,77],{"class":76},[66,61945,4557],{"class":72},[66,61947,50],{"class":80},[66,61949,53556],{"class":137},[66,61951,199],{"class":80},[66,61953,2360],{"class":117},[66,61955,105],{"class":80},[66,61957,2755],{"class":117},[66,61959,218],{"class":80},[66,61961,61962],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,61963,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,61965,61966,61968,61970,61972],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,61967,155],{"class":154},[66,61969,158],{"class":80},[66,61971,1735],{"class":137},[66,61973,163],{"class":80},[66,61975,61976],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,61977,61913],{"class":1945},[20,61979,61980],{},"The correct way is:",[57,61982,61983],{"className":59,"code":61420,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,61984,61985,62001,62019,62023,62033],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,61986,61987,61989,61991,61993,61995,61997,61999],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,61988,1706],{"class":72},[66,61990,77],{"class":76},[66,61992,1711],{"class":80},[66,61994,1714],{"class":117},[66,61996,105],{"class":80},[66,61998,1719],{"class":117},[66,62000,240],{"class":80},[66,62002,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011,62013,62015,62017],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62004,1735],{"class":72},[66,62006,50],{"class":80},[66,62008,53556],{"class":137},[66,62010,199],{"class":80},[66,62012,2360],{"class":117},[66,62014,105],{"class":80},[66,62016,2755],{"class":117},[66,62018,218],{"class":80},[66,62020,62021],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62022,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62024,62025,62027,62029,62031],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62026,155],{"class":154},[66,62028,158],{"class":80},[66,62030,1735],{"class":137},[66,62032,163],{"class":80},[66,62034,62035],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,62036,52803],{"class":1945},[20,62038,55989,62039,62041],{},[15,62040,53526],{}," first, then use the original list.",[52,62043,4814],{"id":4813},[20,62045,15009,62046,50],{},[15,62047,53526],{},[1430,62049,62051,62052,62054],{"id":62050},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62053,53526],{}," to return a new list",[57,62056,62058],{"className":59,"code":62057,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62059,62060,62076,62098,62102,62112],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62061,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072,62074],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62063,1706],{"class":72},[66,62065,77],{"class":76},[66,62067,1711],{"class":80},[66,62069,1714],{"class":117},[66,62071,105],{"class":80},[66,62073,1719],{"class":117},[66,62075,240],{"class":80},[66,62077,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088,62090,62092,62094,62096],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62079,55722],{"class":72},[66,62081,77],{"class":76},[66,62083,4557],{"class":72},[66,62085,50],{"class":80},[66,62087,53556],{"class":137},[66,62089,199],{"class":80},[66,62091,2360],{"class":117},[66,62093,105],{"class":80},[66,62095,2755],{"class":117},[66,62097,218],{"class":80},[66,62099,62100],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62101,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62103,62104,62106,62108,62110],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62105,155],{"class":154},[66,62107,158],{"class":80},[66,62109,55741],{"class":137},[66,62111,163],{"class":80},[66,62113,62114],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,62115,61913],{"class":1945},[20,62117,62118,62119,50],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62120,53526],{},[1430,62122,62124,62125,44706,62127,62129],{"id":62123},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62126,52732],{},[15,62128,53526],{}," is needed",[57,62131,62132],{"className":59,"code":61483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,62133,62134,62150,62168,62172,62182],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62135,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62137,1706],{"class":72},[66,62139,77],{"class":76},[66,62141,1711],{"class":80},[66,62143,1714],{"class":117},[66,62145,105],{"class":80},[66,62147,1719],{"class":117},[66,62149,240],{"class":80},[66,62151,62152,62154,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164,62166],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62153,1735],{"class":72},[66,62155,50],{"class":80},[66,62157,13830],{"class":137},[66,62159,199],{"class":80},[66,62161,2360],{"class":117},[66,62163,105],{"class":80},[66,62165,2755],{"class":117},[66,62167,218],{"class":80},[66,62169,62170],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62171,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62173,62174,62176,62178,62180],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62175,155],{"class":154},[66,62177,158],{"class":80},[66,62179,1735],{"class":137},[66,62181,163],{"class":80},[66,62183,62184],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,62185,61538],{"class":1945},[20,62187,62188,62189,53971,62191,6924],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62190,53970],{},[15,62192,53526],{},[1430,62194,62196],{"id":62195},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[57,62198,62200],{"className":59,"code":62199,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62201,62202,62218,62236,62240,62250],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62203,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62205,4363],{"class":72},[66,62207,77],{"class":76},[66,62209,1711],{"class":80},[66,62211,85],{"class":84},[66,62213,4139],{"class":88},[66,62215,85],{"class":84},[66,62217,240],{"class":80},[66,62219,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62221,4407],{"class":72},[66,62223,50],{"class":80},[66,62225,53556],{"class":137},[66,62227,158],{"class":80},[66,62229,85],{"class":84},[66,62231,60673],{"class":88},[66,62233,85],{"class":84},[66,62235,163],{"class":80},[66,62237,62238],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62239,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62241,62242,62244,62246,62248],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62243,155],{"class":154},[66,62245,158],{"class":80},[66,62247,4407],{"class":137},[66,62249,163],{"class":80},[66,62251,62252],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,62253,62254],{"class":1945},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62256,62257,62258,62261,62262,94],{},"If you want ",[15,62259,62260],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62263,52732],{},[57,62265,62267],{"className":59,"code":62266,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62268,62269,62285,62303,62307,62317],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62270,62271,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62272,4363],{"class":72},[66,62274,77],{"class":76},[66,62276,1711],{"class":80},[66,62278,85],{"class":84},[66,62280,4139],{"class":88},[66,62282,85],{"class":84},[66,62284,240],{"class":80},[66,62286,62287,62289,62291,62293,62295,62297,62299,62301],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62288,4407],{"class":72},[66,62290,50],{"class":80},[66,62292,13830],{"class":137},[66,62294,158],{"class":80},[66,62296,85],{"class":84},[66,62298,60673],{"class":88},[66,62300,85],{"class":84},[66,62302,163],{"class":80},[66,62304,62305],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62306,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62308,62309,62311,62313,62315],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62310,155],{"class":154},[66,62312,158],{"class":80},[66,62314,4407],{"class":137},[66,62316,163],{"class":80},[66,62318,62319],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,62320,62321],{"class":1945},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1430,62323,62325],{"id":62324},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[57,62327,62329],{"className":59,"code":62328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62330,62331,62347],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62332,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62334,1706],{"class":72},[66,62336,77],{"class":76},[66,62338,1711],{"class":80},[66,62340,1714],{"class":117},[66,62342,105],{"class":80},[66,62344,1719],{"class":117},[66,62346,240],{"class":80},[66,62348,62349,62351,62353,62355,62357,62359],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62350,1735],{"class":72},[66,62352,50],{"class":80},[66,62354,53556],{"class":137},[66,62356,158],{"class":80},[66,62358,2433],{"class":117},[66,62360,163],{"class":80},[20,62362,39727,62363,6844],{},[15,62364,2433],{},[20,62366,62367,62368,62370,62371,62374],{},"You will get a ",[15,62369,3302],{},". See ",[652,62372,62373],{"href":52679},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62376,62377],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[57,62379,62381],{"className":59,"code":62380,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62382,62383,62393,62407,62419],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62384,62385,62387,62389,62391],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62386,155],{"class":154},[66,62388,158],{"class":80},[66,62390,8632],{"class":137},[66,62392,163],{"class":80},[66,62394,62395,62397,62399,62401,62403,62405],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62396,155],{"class":154},[66,62398,158],{"class":80},[66,62400,912],{"class":173},[66,62402,158],{"class":80},[66,62404,5655],{"class":137},[66,62406,181],{"class":80},[66,62408,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62410,155],{"class":154},[66,62412,158],{"class":80},[66,62414,901],{"class":137},[66,62416,3954],{"class":80},[66,62418,163],{"class":72},[66,62420,62421,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62422,32219],{"class":154},[66,62424,158],{"class":80},[66,62426,174],{"class":173},[66,62428,50],{"class":80},[66,62430,53556],{"class":784},[66,62432,163],{"class":80},[43656,62434,62435],{},[20,62436,62437,62438,62441,62442,62444,62445,50],{},"Note: ",[15,62439,62440],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62443,3954],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62446,33094],{},[20,62448,62449],{},"Correct debugging example:",[57,62451,62453],{"className":59,"code":62452,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62454,62455,62471,62487,62491,62505,62509,62517,62527,62541,62551],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62456,62457,62459,62461,62463,62465,62467,62469],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62458,8601],{"class":72},[66,62460,77],{"class":76},[66,62462,1711],{"class":80},[66,62464,1714],{"class":117},[66,62466,105],{"class":80},[66,62468,1719],{"class":117},[66,62470,240],{"class":80},[66,62472,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62474,4116],{"class":72},[66,62476,77],{"class":76},[66,62478,1711],{"class":80},[66,62480,2360],{"class":117},[66,62482,105],{"class":80},[66,62484,2755],{"class":117},[66,62486,240],{"class":80},[66,62488,62489],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62490,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62492,62493,62495,62497,62499,62501,62503],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62494,8632],{"class":72},[66,62496,50],{"class":80},[66,62498,53556],{"class":137},[66,62500,158],{"class":80},[66,62502,5655],{"class":137},[66,62504,163],{"class":80},[66,62506,62507],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,62508,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62510,62511,62513,62515],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,62512,877],{"class":72},[66,62514,77],{"class":76},[66,62516,48605],{"class":4146},[66,62518,62519,62521,62523,62525],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,62520,155],{"class":154},[66,62522,158],{"class":80},[66,62524,8632],{"class":137},[66,62526,163],{"class":80},[66,62528,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,62530,155],{"class":154},[66,62532,158],{"class":80},[66,62534,912],{"class":173},[66,62536,158],{"class":80},[66,62538,5655],{"class":137},[66,62540,181],{"class":80},[66,62542,62543,62545,62547,62549],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,62544,155],{"class":154},[66,62546,158],{"class":80},[66,62548,901],{"class":137},[66,62550,163],{"class":80},[66,62552,62553,62555,62557,62559,62561,62563],{"class":68,"line":6729},[66,62554,32219],{"class":154},[66,62556,158],{"class":80},[66,62558,174],{"class":173},[66,62560,50],{"class":80},[66,62562,53556],{"class":784},[66,62564,163],{"class":80},[52,62566,1154,62568],{"id":62567},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62569,53526],{},[20,62571,243,62572,6610],{},[15,62573,53526],{},[30,62575,62576,62579,62582],{},[33,62577,62578],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62580,62581],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62583,62584],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62586,5767],{},[57,62588,62590],{"className":59,"code":62589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62591,62592,62609,62627,62631,62647,62651,62661],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62593,62594,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605,62607],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62595,62596],{"class":72},"all_scores ",[66,62598,77],{"class":76},[66,62600,1711],{"class":80},[66,62602,13779],{"class":117},[66,62604,105],{"class":80},[66,62606,13784],{"class":117},[66,62608,240],{"class":80},[66,62610,62611,62614,62616,62618,62620,62622,62625],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62612,62613],{"class":72},"new_scores ",[66,62615,77],{"class":76},[66,62617,1711],{"class":80},[66,62619,51584],{"class":117},[66,62621,105],{"class":80},[66,62623,62624],{"class":117}," 92",[66,62626,240],{"class":80},[66,62628,62629],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62630,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62632,62633,62636,62638,62640,62642,62645],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62634,62635],{"class":72},"all_scores",[66,62637,50],{"class":80},[66,62639,53556],{"class":137},[66,62641,158],{"class":80},[66,62643,62644],{"class":137},"new_scores",[66,62646,163],{"class":80},[66,62648,62649],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,62650,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62652,62653,62655,62657,62659],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,62654,155],{"class":154},[66,62656,158],{"class":80},[66,62658,62635],{"class":137},[66,62660,163],{"class":80},[66,62662,62663],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,62664,62665],{"class":1945},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62667,62668,62669,62671,62672,50],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62670,52732],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[652,62673,55600,62674,978],{"href":53988},[15,62675,54348],{},[52,62677,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,62679,12986,62681,55549],{"id":62680},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62682,53427],{},[20,62684,62685,62686,50],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62687,4071],{},[1430,62689,5475,62691,4688,62693,2151],{"id":62690},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62692,53526],{},[15,62694,52732],{},[20,62696,62697,62699,62700,62702],{},[15,62698,53526],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62701,52732],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1430,62704,28393,62706,62708],{"id":62705},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62707,53526],{}," with a string?",[20,62710,62711],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1430,62713,28393,62715,62717],{"id":62714},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62716,53526],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62719,62720],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1430,62722,62724,62725,2151],{"id":62723},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62726,53526],{},[20,62728,62729,62730,62732],{},"You get a ",[15,62731,3302],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[52,62734,2183],{"id":2182},[30,62736,62737,62743,62747,62751,62755,62761,62765],{},[33,62738,62739],{},[652,62740,55600,62741,978],{"href":56849},[15,62742,52732],{},[33,62744,62745],{},[652,62746,54358],{"href":53128},[33,62748,62749],{},[652,62750,57309],{"href":57234},[33,62752,62753],{},[652,62754,52851],{"href":51058},[33,62756,62757],{},[652,62758,55600,62759,978],{"href":53988},[15,62760,54348],{},[33,62762,62763],{},[652,62764,62373],{"href":52679},[33,62766,62767],{},[652,62768,55600,62769,978],{"href":55040},[15,62770,13059],{},[20,62772,62773,62774,62776,62777,62779],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62775,52732],{},", when to use ",[15,62778,54348],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2222,62781,62782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":62784},[62785,62786,62788,62789,62790,62797,62804,62805,62813,62815,62827],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":61182,"depth":124,"text":62787},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":61263,"depth":124,"text":61264},{"id":61400,"depth":124,"text":62791,"children":62792},"extend() vs append()",[62793,62795],{"id":61414,"depth":144,"text":62794},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61477,"depth":144,"text":62796},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61563,"depth":124,"text":62798,"children":62799},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62800,62801,62802,62803],{"id":61574,"depth":144,"text":61575},{"id":61638,"depth":144,"text":61639},{"id":61704,"depth":144,"text":61705},{"id":61778,"depth":144,"text":61779},{"id":61838,"depth":124,"text":61839},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":62806},[62807,62809,62811,62812],{"id":62050,"depth":144,"text":62808},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62123,"depth":144,"text":62810},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62195,"depth":144,"text":62196},{"id":62324,"depth":144,"text":62325},{"id":62567,"depth":124,"text":62814},"When to use extend()",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":62816},[62817,62819,62821,62823,62825],{"id":62680,"depth":144,"text":62818},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62690,"depth":144,"text":62820},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62705,"depth":144,"text":62822},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62714,"depth":144,"text":62824},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62723,"depth":144,"text":62826},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61086,"description":62828},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62835,"title":62836,"body":62837,"description":64928,"extension":2260,"meta":64929,"navigation":147,"path":64930,"seo":64931,"stem":64932,"__hash__":64933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62838,"toc":64891},[62839,62842,62847,62853,62864,62870,62872,62941,62943,62992,63000,63004,63009,63012,63023,63028,63030,63032,63053,63066,63069,63082,63084,63089,63114,63116,63124,63127,63196,63198,63222,63228,63232,63236,63272,63274,63294,63301,63305,63338,63340,63374,63379,63383,63416,63418,63446,63454,63458,63495,63497,63518,63521,63525,63594,63596,63620,63626,63633,63637,63640,63642,63656,63659,63683,63685,63710,63713,63732,63734,63760,63769,63773,63780,63857,63859,63900,63906,63912,64003,64005,64061,64064,64069,64073,64078,64082,64141,64143,64168,64172,64235,64237,64262,64266,64329,64331,64374,64377,64381,64385,64407,64411,64493,64495,64530,64538,64540,64544,64548,64550,64577,64582,64584,64611,64618,64621,64644,64646,64695,64698,64701,64720,64724,64727,64778,64781,64787,64791,64796,64799,64801,64807,64816,64820,64826,64830,64833,64837,64840,64844,64850,64852,64888],[10,62840,62836],{"id":62841},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62843,9416,62844,62846],{},[15,62845,817],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62848,62849,62850,62852],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62851,817],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62854,62855,62858],{},[33,62856,62857],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62859,62860,62861,62863],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62862,60080],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62865,62866,62867,62869],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62868,817],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[52,62871,55],{"id":54},[57,62873,62875],{"className":59,"code":62874,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62876,62877,62899,62917,62921,62931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62878,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62880,1706],{"class":72},[66,62882,77],{"class":76},[66,62884,1656],{"class":173},[66,62886,5805],{"class":80},[66,62888,1714],{"class":117},[66,62890,105],{"class":80},[66,62892,1719],{"class":117},[66,62894,105],{"class":80},[66,62896,1724],{"class":117},[66,62898,181],{"class":80},[66,62900,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913,62915],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62902,36161],{"class":72},[66,62904,77],{"class":76},[66,62906,1656],{"class":173},[66,62908,158],{"class":80},[66,62910,85],{"class":84},[66,62912,41635],{"class":88},[66,62914,85],{"class":84},[66,62916,163],{"class":80},[66,62918,62919],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,62920,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,62922,62923,62925,62927,62929],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,62924,155],{"class":154},[66,62926,158],{"class":80},[66,62928,1735],{"class":137},[66,62930,163],{"class":80},[66,62932,62933,62935,62937,62939],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,62934,155],{"class":154},[66,62936,158],{"class":80},[66,62938,36214],{"class":137},[66,62940,163],{"class":80},[20,62942,187],{},[57,62944,62946],{"className":59,"code":62945,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62947,62948,62964],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,62949,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958,62960,62962],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,62951,223],{"class":80},[66,62953,1714],{"class":117},[66,62955,105],{"class":80},[66,62957,1719],{"class":117},[66,62959,105],{"class":80},[66,62961,1724],{"class":117},[66,62963,240],{"class":80},[66,62965,62966,62968,62970,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,62967,223],{"class":80},[66,62969,202],{"class":84},[66,62971,652],{"class":88},[66,62973,202],{"class":84},[66,62975,105],{"class":80},[66,62977,211],{"class":84},[66,62979,1903],{"class":88},[66,62981,202],{"class":84},[66,62983,105],{"class":80},[66,62985,211],{"class":84},[66,62987,10027],{"class":88},[66,62989,202],{"class":84},[66,62991,240],{"class":80},[20,62993,243,62994,62996,62997,62999],{},[15,62995,817],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62998,60080],{},", set, or dictionary.",[52,63001,63003],{"id":63002},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63005,63006,63008],{},[15,63007,817],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63010,63011],{},"It can:",[30,63013,63014,63017,63020],{},[33,63015,63016],{},"create a new list object",[33,63018,63019],{},"make an empty list",[33,63021,63022],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63024,63025,63026,50],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[652,63027,52851],{"href":51058},[52,63029,2455],{"id":2454},[20,63031,26551],{},[57,63033,63035],{"className":59,"code":63034,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63036,63037,63043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63038,63039,63041],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63040,174],{"class":173},[66,63042,141],{"class":80},[66,63044,63045,63047,63049,63051],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63046,174],{"class":173},[66,63048,158],{"class":80},[66,63050,4013],{"class":137},[66,63052,163],{"class":80},[30,63054,63055,63060],{},[33,63056,63057,63059],{},[15,63058,817],{}," makes an empty list",[33,63061,63062,63065],{},[15,63063,63064],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63067,63068],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,63070,63071,63073,63075,63077,63080],{},[33,63072,5605],{},[33,63074,5599],{},[33,63076,5602],{},[33,63078,63079],{},"ranges",[33,63081,7544],{},[52,63083,59702],{"id":59701},[20,63085,243,63086,63088],{},[15,63087,817],{}," with no arguments:",[57,63090,63092],{"className":59,"code":63091,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63093,63094,63104],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63095,63096,63098,63100,63102],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63097,8073],{"class":72},[66,63099,77],{"class":76},[66,63101,1656],{"class":173},[66,63103,141],{"class":80},[66,63105,63106,63108,63110,63112],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63107,155],{"class":154},[66,63109,158],{"class":80},[66,63111,8103],{"class":137},[66,63113,163],{"class":80},[20,63115,187],{},[57,63117,63118],{"className":59,"code":38370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63119,63120],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63121,63122],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63123,38370],{"class":80},[20,63125,63126],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[57,63128,63130],{"className":59,"code":63129,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63131,63132,63142,63146,63164,63182,63186],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63133,63134,63136,63138,63140],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63135,8073],{"class":72},[66,63137,77],{"class":76},[66,63139,1656],{"class":173},[66,63141,141],{"class":80},[66,63143,63144],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63145,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160,63162],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,63149,8103],{"class":72},[66,63151,50],{"class":80},[66,63153,13830],{"class":137},[66,63155,158],{"class":80},[66,63157,85],{"class":84},[66,63159,4372],{"class":88},[66,63161,85],{"class":84},[66,63163,163],{"class":80},[66,63165,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,63167,8103],{"class":72},[66,63169,50],{"class":80},[66,63171,13830],{"class":137},[66,63173,158],{"class":80},[66,63175,85],{"class":84},[66,63177,4381],{"class":88},[66,63179,85],{"class":84},[66,63181,163],{"class":80},[66,63183,63184],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,63185,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,63187,63188,63190,63192,63194],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,63189,155],{"class":154},[66,63191,158],{"class":80},[66,63193,8103],{"class":137},[66,63195,163],{"class":80},[20,63197,187],{},[57,63199,63200],{"className":59,"code":38496,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63201,63202],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63203,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216,63218,63220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63205,223],{"class":80},[66,63207,202],{"class":84},[66,63209,4372],{"class":88},[66,63211,202],{"class":84},[66,63213,105],{"class":80},[66,63215,211],{"class":84},[66,63217,4381],{"class":88},[66,63219,202],{"class":84},[66,63221,240],{"class":80},[20,63223,63224,63225,63227],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63226,4080],{},". Both are valid.",[52,63229,63231],{"id":63230},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1430,63233,63235],{"id":63234},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[57,63237,63238],{"className":59,"code":60000,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63239,63240,63262],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63241,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63243,1706],{"class":72},[66,63245,77],{"class":76},[66,63247,1656],{"class":173},[66,63249,5805],{"class":80},[66,63251,1714],{"class":117},[66,63253,105],{"class":80},[66,63255,1719],{"class":117},[66,63257,105],{"class":80},[66,63259,1724],{"class":117},[66,63261,181],{"class":80},[66,63263,63264,63266,63268,63270],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63265,155],{"class":154},[66,63267,158],{"class":80},[66,63269,1735],{"class":137},[66,63271,163],{"class":80},[20,63273,187],{},[57,63275,63276],{"className":59,"code":55230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63277,63278],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63279,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63281,223],{"class":80},[66,63283,1714],{"class":117},[66,63285,105],{"class":80},[66,63287,1719],{"class":117},[66,63289,105],{"class":80},[66,63291,1724],{"class":117},[66,63293,240],{"class":80},[20,63295,63296,63297,50],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[652,63298,63300],{"href":63299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1430,63302,63304],{"id":63303},"string-to-list","String to list",[57,63306,63308],{"className":59,"code":63307,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63309,63310,63328],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63311,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63313,36161],{"class":72},[66,63315,77],{"class":76},[66,63317,1656],{"class":173},[66,63319,158],{"class":80},[66,63321,85],{"class":84},[66,63323,37119],{"class":88},[66,63325,85],{"class":84},[66,63327,163],{"class":80},[66,63329,63330,63332,63334,63336],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63331,155],{"class":154},[66,63333,158],{"class":80},[66,63335,36214],{"class":137},[66,63337,163],{"class":80},[20,63339,187],{},[57,63341,63343],{"className":59,"code":63342,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63344,63345],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63346,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365,63367,63370,63372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63348,223],{"class":80},[66,63350,202],{"class":84},[66,63352,10027],{"class":88},[66,63354,202],{"class":84},[66,63356,105],{"class":80},[66,63358,211],{"class":84},[66,63360,652],{"class":88},[66,63362,202],{"class":84},[66,63364,105],{"class":80},[66,63366,211],{"class":84},[66,63368,63369],{"class":88},"t",[66,63371,202],{"class":84},[66,63373,240],{"class":80},[20,63375,63376,63378],{},[15,63377,817],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1430,63380,63382],{"id":63381},"range-to-list","Range to list",[57,63384,63386],{"className":59,"code":63385,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63387,63388,63406],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63389,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63391,1706],{"class":72},[66,63393,77],{"class":76},[66,63395,1656],{"class":173},[66,63397,158],{"class":80},[66,63399,60080],{"class":154},[66,63401,158],{"class":80},[66,63403,2433],{"class":117},[66,63405,181],{"class":80},[66,63407,63408,63410,63412,63414],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63409,155],{"class":154},[66,63411,158],{"class":80},[66,63413,1735],{"class":137},[66,63415,163],{"class":80},[20,63417,187],{},[57,63419,63420],{"className":59,"code":60103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63421,63422],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63423,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63425,223],{"class":80},[66,63427,2021],{"class":117},[66,63429,105],{"class":80},[66,63431,1896],{"class":117},[66,63433,105],{"class":80},[66,63435,1719],{"class":117},[66,63437,105],{"class":80},[66,63439,1724],{"class":117},[66,63441,105],{"class":80},[66,63443,2755],{"class":117},[66,63445,240],{"class":80},[20,63447,63448,63449,63453],{},"This is common when working with ",[652,63450,63451],{"href":36266},[15,63452,36269],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1430,63455,63457],{"id":63456},"set-to-list","Set to list",[57,63459,63461],{"className":59,"code":63460,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63462,63463,63485],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63464,63465,63467,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63466,4116],{"class":72},[66,63468,77],{"class":76},[66,63470,1656],{"class":173},[66,63472,5824],{"class":80},[66,63474,2628],{"class":117},[66,63476,105],{"class":80},[66,63478,118],{"class":117},[66,63480,105],{"class":80},[66,63482,8088],{"class":117},[66,63484,30562],{"class":80},[66,63486,63487,63489,63491,63493],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63488,155],{"class":154},[66,63490,158],{"class":80},[66,63492,5655],{"class":137},[66,63494,163],{"class":80},[20,63496,17231],{},[57,63498,63500],{"className":59,"code":63499,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63501,63502],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63503,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63505,223],{"class":80},[66,63507,2628],{"class":117},[66,63509,105],{"class":80},[66,63511,118],{"class":117},[66,63513,105],{"class":80},[66,63515,8088],{"class":117},[66,63517,240],{"class":80},[20,63519,63520],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1430,63522,63524],{"id":63523},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[57,63526,63528],{"className":59,"code":63527,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63529,63530,63566,63580,63584],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63531,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63533,291],{"class":72},[66,63535,77],{"class":76},[66,63537,81],{"class":80},[66,63539,85],{"class":84},[66,63541,89],{"class":88},[66,63543,85],{"class":84},[66,63545,94],{"class":80},[66,63547,97],{"class":84},[66,63549,100],{"class":88},[66,63551,85],{"class":84},[66,63553,105],{"class":80},[66,63555,97],{"class":84},[66,63557,110],{"class":88},[66,63559,85],{"class":84},[66,63561,94],{"class":80},[66,63563,323],{"class":117},[66,63565,121],{"class":80},[66,63567,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63569,877],{"class":72},[66,63571,77],{"class":76},[66,63573,1656],{"class":173},[66,63575,158],{"class":80},[66,63577,338],{"class":137},[66,63579,163],{"class":80},[66,63581,63582],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,63583,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,63585,63586,63588,63590,63592],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,63587,155],{"class":154},[66,63589,158],{"class":80},[66,63591,901],{"class":137},[66,63593,163],{"class":80},[20,63595,187],{},[57,63597,63598],{"className":59,"code":1548,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,63599,63600],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63601,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63603,223],{"class":80},[66,63605,202],{"class":84},[66,63607,89],{"class":88},[66,63609,202],{"class":84},[66,63611,105],{"class":80},[66,63613,211],{"class":84},[66,63615,110],{"class":88},[66,63617,202],{"class":84},[66,63619,240],{"class":80},[20,63621,63622,63623,63625],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63624,817],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63627,63628,63629,50],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[652,63630,63632],{"href":63631},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[52,63634,63636],{"id":63635},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63638,63639],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63641,61237],{},[30,63643,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654],{},[33,63645,5596],{},[33,63647,5599],{},[33,63649,5605],{},[33,63651,5602],{},[33,63653,63079],{},[33,63655,7544],{},[20,63657,63658],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[57,63660,63662],{"className":59,"code":63661,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63663,63664],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63665,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63679,63681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63667,155],{"class":154},[66,63669,158],{"class":80},[66,63671,174],{"class":173},[66,63673,158],{"class":80},[66,63675,85],{"class":84},[66,63677,63678],{"class":88},"hi",[66,63680,85],{"class":84},[66,63682,181],{"class":80},[20,63684,187],{},[57,63686,63688],{"className":59,"code":63687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63689,63690],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63691,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63693,223],{"class":80},[66,63695,202],{"class":84},[66,63697,60520],{"class":88},[66,63699,202],{"class":84},[66,63701,105],{"class":80},[66,63703,211],{"class":84},[66,63705,36225],{"class":88},[66,63707,202],{"class":84},[66,63709,240],{"class":80},[20,63711,63712],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[57,63714,63716],{"className":59,"code":63715,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63717,63718],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63719,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63721,155],{"class":154},[66,63723,158],{"class":80},[66,63725,174],{"class":173},[66,63727,158],{"class":80},[66,63729,2433],{"class":117},[66,63731,181],{"class":80},[20,63733,187],{},[57,63735,63737],{"className":59,"code":63736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63738,63739],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63740,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63742,3302],{"class":173},[66,63744,94],{"class":80},[66,63746,211],{"class":84},[66,63748,2486],{"class":88},[66,63750,202],{"class":84},[66,63752,641],{"class":173},[66,63754,8389],{"class":76},[66,63756,8392],{"class":76},[66,63758,63759],{"class":72}," iterable\n",[20,63761,63762,63763,63765,63766,50],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[652,63764,5432],{"href":5881},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[652,63767,63768],{"href":52679},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[52,63770,63772],{"id":63771},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63774,63775,63776,63779],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63777,63778],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[57,63781,63783],{"className":59,"code":63782,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63784,63785,63805,63819,63823,63833,63843],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63786,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63788,12367],{"class":72},[66,63790,77],{"class":76},[66,63792,1711],{"class":80},[66,63794,1714],{"class":117},[66,63796,105],{"class":80},[66,63798,1719],{"class":117},[66,63800,105],{"class":80},[66,63802,1724],{"class":117},[66,63804,240],{"class":80},[66,63806,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63808,14588],{"class":72},[66,63810,77],{"class":76},[66,63812,1656],{"class":173},[66,63814,158],{"class":80},[66,63816,12414],{"class":137},[66,63818,163],{"class":80},[66,63820,63821],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,63822,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,63824,63825,63827,63829,63831],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,63826,155],{"class":154},[66,63828,158],{"class":80},[66,63830,12414],{"class":137},[66,63832,163],{"class":80},[66,63834,63835,63837,63839,63841],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,63836,155],{"class":154},[66,63838,158],{"class":80},[66,63840,14607],{"class":137},[66,63842,163],{"class":80},[66,63844,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,63846,155],{"class":154},[66,63848,158],{"class":80},[66,63850,12367],{"class":137},[66,63852,12475],{"class":1060},[66,63854,14661],{"class":137},[66,63856,163],{"class":80},[20,63858,187],{},[57,63860,63862],{"className":59,"code":63861,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63863,63864,63880,63896],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63865,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63867,223],{"class":80},[66,63869,1714],{"class":117},[66,63871,105],{"class":80},[66,63873,1719],{"class":117},[66,63875,105],{"class":80},[66,63877,1724],{"class":117},[66,63879,240],{"class":80},[66,63881,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63883,223],{"class":80},[66,63885,1714],{"class":117},[66,63887,105],{"class":80},[66,63889,1719],{"class":117},[66,63891,105],{"class":80},[66,63893,1724],{"class":117},[66,63895,240],{"class":80},[66,63897,63898],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,63899,4333],{"class":4146},[20,63901,63902,63903,63905],{},"This means ",[15,63904,14607],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63907,63908,63909,63911],{},"However, this is only a ",[185,63910,13133],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[57,63913,63915],{"className":59,"code":63914,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63916,63917,63943,63957,63961,63979,63983,63993],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,63918,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,63920,12367],{"class":72},[66,63922,77],{"class":76},[66,63924,56374],{"class":80},[66,63926,1714],{"class":117},[66,63928,105],{"class":80},[66,63930,1719],{"class":117},[66,63932,18323],{"class":80},[66,63934,1711],{"class":80},[66,63936,2360],{"class":117},[66,63938,105],{"class":80},[66,63940,2755],{"class":117},[66,63942,53322],{"class":80},[66,63944,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,63946,14588],{"class":72},[66,63948,77],{"class":76},[66,63950,1656],{"class":173},[66,63952,158],{"class":80},[66,63954,12414],{"class":137},[66,63956,163],{"class":80},[66,63958,63959],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,63960,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,63962,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,63964,14607],{"class":72},[66,63966,223],{"class":80},[66,63968,2021],{"class":117},[66,63970,13827],{"class":80},[66,63972,13830],{"class":137},[66,63974,158],{"class":80},[66,63976,56427],{"class":117},[66,63978,163],{"class":80},[66,63980,63981],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,63982,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,63984,63985,63987,63989,63991],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,63986,155],{"class":154},[66,63988,158],{"class":80},[66,63990,12414],{"class":137},[66,63992,163],{"class":80},[66,63994,63995,63997,63999,64001],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,63996,155],{"class":154},[66,63998,158],{"class":80},[66,64000,14607],{"class":137},[66,64002,163],{"class":80},[20,64004,187],{},[57,64006,64007],{"className":59,"code":56458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,64008,64009,64035],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64010,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64012,56465],{"class":80},[66,64014,1714],{"class":117},[66,64016,105],{"class":80},[66,64018,1719],{"class":117},[66,64020,105],{"class":80},[66,64022,10485],{"class":117},[66,64024,18323],{"class":80},[66,64026,1711],{"class":80},[66,64028,2360],{"class":117},[66,64030,105],{"class":80},[66,64032,2755],{"class":117},[66,64034,53322],{"class":80},[66,64036,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,64038,56465],{"class":80},[66,64040,1714],{"class":117},[66,64042,105],{"class":80},[66,64044,1719],{"class":117},[66,64046,105],{"class":80},[66,64048,10485],{"class":117},[66,64050,18323],{"class":80},[66,64052,1711],{"class":80},[66,64054,2360],{"class":117},[66,64056,105],{"class":80},[66,64058,2755],{"class":117},[66,64060,53322],{"class":80},[20,64062,64063],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64065,64066,64067,50],{},"For more on this, see ",[652,64068,14067],{"href":14066},[52,64070,64072],{"id":64071},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64074,64075,64076,50],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64077,817],{},[1430,64079,64081],{"id":64080},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[57,64083,64085],{"className":59,"code":64084,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64086,64087,64127],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64088,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64090,73],{"class":72},[66,64092,77],{"class":76},[66,64094,81],{"class":80},[66,64096,85],{"class":84},[66,64098,89],{"class":88},[66,64100,85],{"class":84},[66,64102,94],{"class":80},[66,64104,97],{"class":84},[66,64106,8215],{"class":88},[66,64108,85],{"class":84},[66,64110,105],{"class":80},[66,64112,97],{"class":84},[66,64114,509],{"class":88},[66,64116,85],{"class":84},[66,64118,94],{"class":80},[66,64120,97],{"class":84},[66,64122,518],{"class":88},[66,64124,85],{"class":84},[66,64126,121],{"class":80},[66,64128,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,64130,155],{"class":154},[66,64132,158],{"class":80},[66,64134,174],{"class":173},[66,64136,158],{"class":80},[66,64138,733],{"class":137},[66,64140,181],{"class":80},[20,64142,187],{},[57,64144,64146],{"className":59,"code":64145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64147,64148],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64149,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64151,223],{"class":80},[66,64153,202],{"class":84},[66,64155,89],{"class":88},[66,64157,202],{"class":84},[66,64159,105],{"class":80},[66,64161,211],{"class":84},[66,64163,509],{"class":88},[66,64165,202],{"class":84},[66,64167,240],{"class":80},[1430,64169,64171],{"id":64170},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[57,64173,64175],{"className":59,"code":64174,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64176,64177,64217],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64178,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64180,73],{"class":72},[66,64182,77],{"class":76},[66,64184,81],{"class":80},[66,64186,85],{"class":84},[66,64188,89],{"class":88},[66,64190,85],{"class":84},[66,64192,94],{"class":80},[66,64194,97],{"class":84},[66,64196,8215],{"class":88},[66,64198,85],{"class":84},[66,64200,105],{"class":80},[66,64202,97],{"class":84},[66,64204,509],{"class":88},[66,64206,85],{"class":84},[66,64208,94],{"class":80},[66,64210,97],{"class":84},[66,64212,518],{"class":88},[66,64214,85],{"class":84},[66,64216,121],{"class":80},[66,64218,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,64220,155],{"class":154},[66,64222,158],{"class":80},[66,64224,174],{"class":173},[66,64226,158],{"class":80},[66,64228,733],{"class":137},[66,64230,50],{"class":80},[66,64232,5655],{"class":137},[66,64234,560],{"class":80},[20,64236,187],{},[57,64238,64240],{"className":59,"code":64239,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64241,64242],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64243,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64245,223],{"class":80},[66,64247,202],{"class":84},[66,64249,8215],{"class":88},[66,64251,202],{"class":84},[66,64253,105],{"class":80},[66,64255,211],{"class":84},[66,64257,518],{"class":88},[66,64259,202],{"class":84},[66,64261,240],{"class":80},[1430,64263,64265],{"id":64264},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[57,64267,64269],{"className":59,"code":64268,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64270,64271,64311],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64272,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64274,73],{"class":72},[66,64276,77],{"class":76},[66,64278,81],{"class":80},[66,64280,85],{"class":84},[66,64282,89],{"class":88},[66,64284,85],{"class":84},[66,64286,94],{"class":80},[66,64288,97],{"class":84},[66,64290,8215],{"class":88},[66,64292,85],{"class":84},[66,64294,105],{"class":80},[66,64296,97],{"class":84},[66,64298,509],{"class":88},[66,64300,85],{"class":84},[66,64302,94],{"class":80},[66,64304,97],{"class":84},[66,64306,518],{"class":88},[66,64308,85],{"class":84},[66,64310,121],{"class":80},[66,64312,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,64314,155],{"class":154},[66,64316,158],{"class":80},[66,64318,174],{"class":173},[66,64320,158],{"class":80},[66,64322,733],{"class":137},[66,64324,50],{"class":80},[66,64326,8103],{"class":137},[66,64328,560],{"class":80},[20,64330,187],{},[57,64332,64334],{"className":59,"code":64333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64335,64336],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64337,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64339,21997],{"class":80},[66,64341,202],{"class":84},[66,64343,89],{"class":88},[66,64345,202],{"class":84},[66,64347,105],{"class":80},[66,64349,211],{"class":84},[66,64351,8215],{"class":88},[66,64353,202],{"class":84},[66,64355,9524],{"class":80},[66,64357,9527],{"class":80},[66,64359,202],{"class":84},[66,64361,509],{"class":88},[66,64363,202],{"class":84},[66,64365,105],{"class":80},[66,64367,211],{"class":84},[66,64369,518],{"class":88},[66,64371,202],{"class":84},[66,64373,9540],{"class":80},[20,64375,64376],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[52,64378,64380],{"id":64379},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64382,243,64383,1161],{},[15,64384,817],{},[30,64386,64387,64395,64404],{},[33,64388,64389,64390,3176,64392],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64391,52732],{},[15,64393,64394],{},"sort()",[33,64396,64397,64398,3176,64400,64403],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64399,36269],{},[15,64401,64402],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,64405,64406],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64408,46117,64409,94],{},[15,64410,64402],{},[57,64412,64414],{"className":59,"code":64413,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64415,64416,64440,64456,64460,64483],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64417,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64419,5290],{"class":72},[66,64421,77],{"class":76},[66,64423,1711],{"class":80},[66,64425,85],{"class":84},[66,64427,100],{"class":88},[66,64429,85],{"class":84},[66,64431,105],{"class":80},[66,64433,97],{"class":84},[66,64435,36011],{"class":88},[66,64437,85],{"class":84},[66,64439,240],{"class":80},[66,64441,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,64443,5359],{"class":72},[66,64445,77],{"class":76},[66,64447,1711],{"class":80},[66,64449,13779],{"class":117},[66,64451,105],{"class":80},[66,64453,13784],{"class":117},[66,64455,240],{"class":80},[66,64457,64458],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,64459,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,64461,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,64463,9506],{"class":72},[66,64465,77],{"class":76},[66,64467,1656],{"class":173},[66,64469,158],{"class":80},[66,64471,64472],{"class":154},"zip",[66,64474,158],{"class":80},[66,64476,5334],{"class":137},[66,64478,105],{"class":80},[66,64480,5406],{"class":137},[66,64482,181],{"class":80},[66,64484,64485,64487,64489,64491],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,64486,155],{"class":154},[66,64488,158],{"class":80},[66,64490,9553],{"class":137},[66,64492,163],{"class":80},[20,64494,187],{},[57,64496,64498],{"className":59,"code":64497,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64499,64500],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64501,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64503,21997],{"class":80},[66,64505,202],{"class":84},[66,64507,100],{"class":88},[66,64509,202],{"class":84},[66,64511,105],{"class":80},[66,64513,20157],{"class":117},[66,64515,9524],{"class":80},[66,64517,9527],{"class":80},[66,64519,202],{"class":84},[66,64521,36011],{"class":88},[66,64523,202],{"class":84},[66,64525,105],{"class":80},[66,64527,13784],{"class":117},[66,64529,9540],{"class":80},[20,64531,64532,64533,64535,64536,50],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64534,52732],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[652,64537,53129],{"href":53128},[52,64539,4814],{"id":4813},[20,64541,56856,64542,50],{},[15,64543,817],{},[1430,64545,64547],{"id":64546},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64549,4821],{},[57,64551,64553],{"className":59,"code":64552,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64554,64555,64559],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64556,64557],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64558,4831],{"class":1945},[66,64560,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,64562,174],{"class":173},[66,64564,158],{"class":80},[66,64566,1714],{"class":117},[66,64568,105],{"class":80},[66,64570,1719],{"class":117},[66,64572,105],{"class":80},[66,64574,1724],{"class":117},[66,64576,163],{"class":80},[20,64578,64579,64581],{},[15,64580,817],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64583,1815],{},[57,64585,64587],{"className":59,"code":64586,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64588,64589],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64590,64591,64593,64595,64597,64599,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64592,155],{"class":154},[66,64594,158],{"class":80},[66,64596,174],{"class":173},[66,64598,5805],{"class":80},[66,64600,1714],{"class":117},[66,64602,105],{"class":80},[66,64604,1719],{"class":117},[66,64606,105],{"class":80},[66,64608,1724],{"class":117},[66,64610,3210],{"class":80},[1430,64612,64614,64615],{"id":64613},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[66,64616,64617],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64619,64620],{},"This is a common surprise:",[57,64622,64624],{"className":59,"code":64623,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64625,64626],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64627,64628,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64629,155],{"class":154},[66,64631,158],{"class":80},[66,64633,174],{"class":173},[66,64635,158],{"class":80},[66,64637,85],{"class":84},[66,64639,4139],{"class":88},[66,64641,85],{"class":84},[66,64643,181],{"class":80},[20,64645,187],{},[57,64647,64649],{"className":59,"code":64648,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64650,64651],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64652,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64654,223],{"class":80},[66,64656,202],{"class":84},[66,64658,60520],{"class":88},[66,64660,202],{"class":84},[66,64662,105],{"class":80},[66,64664,211],{"class":84},[66,64666,60529],{"class":88},[66,64668,202],{"class":84},[66,64670,105],{"class":80},[66,64672,211],{"class":84},[66,64674,60538],{"class":88},[66,64676,202],{"class":84},[66,64678,105],{"class":80},[66,64680,211],{"class":84},[66,64682,60538],{"class":88},[66,64684,202],{"class":84},[66,64686,105],{"class":80},[66,64688,211],{"class":84},[66,64690,60555],{"class":88},[66,64692,202],{"class":84},[66,64694,240],{"class":80},[20,64696,64697],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64699,64700],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[57,64702,64704],{"className":59,"code":64703,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64705,64706],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64707,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64709,155],{"class":154},[66,64711,199],{"class":80},[66,64713,85],{"class":84},[66,64715,4139],{"class":88},[66,64717,85],{"class":84},[66,64719,218],{"class":80},[1430,64721,64723],{"id":64722},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64725,64726],{},"This:",[57,64728,64730],{"className":59,"code":64729,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64731,64732,64764],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64733,64734,64736,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64735,472],{"class":72},[66,64737,77],{"class":76},[66,64739,81],{"class":80},[66,64741,85],{"class":84},[66,64743,652],{"class":88},[66,64745,85],{"class":84},[66,64747,94],{"class":80},[66,64749,1896],{"class":117},[66,64751,105],{"class":80},[66,64753,97],{"class":84},[66,64755,1903],{"class":88},[66,64757,85],{"class":84},[66,64759,94],{"class":80},[66,64761,1719],{"class":117},[66,64763,121],{"class":80},[66,64765,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,64767,155],{"class":154},[66,64769,158],{"class":80},[66,64771,174],{"class":173},[66,64773,158],{"class":80},[66,64775,535],{"class":137},[66,64777,181],{"class":80},[20,64779,64780],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64782,243,64783,64786],{},[15,64784,64785],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1430,64788,64790],{"id":64789},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64792,64793,64795],{},[15,64794,817],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64797,64798],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[52,64800,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,64802,5475,64804,64806],{"id":64803},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[66,64805],{}," and list()?",[20,64808,64809,64810,64812,64813,64815],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64811,4080],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64814,817],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1430,64817,64819],{"id":64818},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64821,64822,64823,64825],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64824,817],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1430,64827,64829],{"id":64828},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64831,64832],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1430,64834,64836],{"id":64835},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64838,64839],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1430,64841,64843],{"id":64842},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64845,64846,64847,64849],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64848,817],{}," cannot loop through it.",[52,64851,2183],{"id":2182},[30,64853,64854,64858,64863,64867,64871,64875,64879,64884],{},[33,64855,64856],{},[652,64857,52851],{"href":51058},[33,64859,64860],{},[652,64861,64862],{"href":36266},"Python range() function explained",[33,64864,64865],{},[652,64866,63300],{"href":63299},[33,64868,64869],{},[652,64870,63632],{"href":63631},[33,64872,64873],{},[652,64874,5512],{"href":5881},[33,64876,64877],{},[652,64878,14067],{"href":14066},[33,64880,64881],{},[652,64882,64883],{"href":52679},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64885,64886],{},[652,64887,54358],{"href":53128},[2222,64889,64890],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":64892},[64893,64894,64895,64896,64897,64904,64905,64906,64911,64912,64919,64927],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":63002,"depth":124,"text":63003},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":59701,"depth":124,"text":59702},{"id":63230,"depth":124,"text":63231,"children":64898},[64899,64900,64901,64902,64903],{"id":63234,"depth":144,"text":63235},{"id":63303,"depth":144,"text":63304},{"id":63381,"depth":144,"text":63382},{"id":63456,"depth":144,"text":63457},{"id":63523,"depth":144,"text":63524},{"id":63635,"depth":124,"text":63636},{"id":63771,"depth":124,"text":63772},{"id":64071,"depth":124,"text":64072,"children":64907},[64908,64909,64910],{"id":64080,"depth":144,"text":64081},{"id":64170,"depth":144,"text":64171},{"id":64264,"depth":144,"text":64265},{"id":64379,"depth":124,"text":64380},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":64913},[64914,64915,64917,64918],{"id":64546,"depth":144,"text":64547},{"id":64613,"depth":144,"text":64916},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64722,"depth":144,"text":64723},{"id":64789,"depth":144,"text":64790},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":64920},[64921,64923,64924,64925,64926],{"id":64803,"depth":144,"text":64922},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64818,"depth":144,"text":64819},{"id":64828,"depth":144,"text":64829},{"id":64835,"depth":144,"text":64836},{"id":64842,"depth":144,"text":64843},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62836,"description":64928},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64935,"title":64936,"body":64937,"description":66288,"extension":2260,"meta":66289,"navigation":147,"path":66290,"seo":66291,"stem":66292,"__hash__":66293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64938,"toc":66262},[64939,64944,64950,64959,64961,65034,65043,65048,65052,65068,65072,65074,65076,65095,65098,65126,65129,65154,65162,65164,65169,65176,65178,65235,65237,65245,65251,65255,65258,65331,65333,65341,65344,65367,65374,65380,65384,65390,65461,65463,65471,65480,65487,65494,65502,65646,65648,65665,65668,65707,65710,65714,65719,65721,65780,65786,65789,65896,65898,65913,65916,65923,65925,65929,66077,66080,66141,66144,66147,66168,66173,66177,66188,66191,66193,66198,66201,66209,66214,66220,66223,66229,66237,66239,66259],[10,64940,54422,64942,18],{"id":64941},"python-list-index-method",[15,64943,59049],{},[20,64945,64946,64949],{},[15,64947,64948],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64951,64952,64953,64956,64957,50],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[185,64954,64955],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64958,40778],{},[52,64960,3903],{"id":3902},[57,64962,64964],{"className":59,"code":64963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64965,64966,64998,65021],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,64967,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,64969,8073],{"class":72},[66,64971,77],{"class":76},[66,64973,1711],{"class":80},[66,64975,85],{"class":84},[66,64977,4372],{"class":88},[66,64979,85],{"class":84},[66,64981,105],{"class":80},[66,64983,97],{"class":84},[66,64985,4381],{"class":88},[66,64987,85],{"class":84},[66,64989,105],{"class":80},[66,64991,97],{"class":84},[66,64993,4390],{"class":88},[66,64995,85],{"class":84},[66,64997,240],{"class":80},[66,64999,65000,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,65001,65002],{"class":72},"position ",[66,65004,77],{"class":76},[66,65006,6258],{"class":72},[66,65008,50],{"class":80},[66,65010,35916],{"class":137},[66,65012,158],{"class":80},[66,65014,85],{"class":84},[66,65016,4381],{"class":88},[66,65018,85],{"class":84},[66,65020,163],{"class":80},[66,65022,65023,65025,65027,65030,65032],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,65024,155],{"class":154},[66,65026,158],{"class":80},[66,65028,65029],{"class":137},"position",[66,65031,3954],{"class":80},[66,65033,27844],{"class":1945},[20,65035,243,65036,65039,65040,65042],{},[15,65037,65038],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65041,40778],{}," if the item is not found.",[52,65044,250,65046,253],{"id":65045},"what-listindex-does",[15,65047,64948],{},[20,65049,65050,94],{},[15,65051,64948],{},[30,65053,65054,65057,65060,65065],{},[33,65055,65056],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,65058,65059],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,65061,65062,65063],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65064,2021],{},[33,65066,65067],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65069,54647,65070,50],{},[652,65071,52851],{"href":54650},[52,65073,2455],{"id":2454},[20,65075,30791],{},[57,65077,65079],{"className":59,"code":65078,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65080,65081],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65082,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65084,8632],{"class":72},[66,65086,50],{"class":80},[66,65088,35916],{"class":137},[66,65090,158],{"class":80},[66,65092,2771],{"class":137},[66,65094,163],{"class":80},[20,65096,65097],{},"You can also limit the search:",[57,65099,65101],{"className":59,"code":65100,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65102,65103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65104,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65124],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65106,8632],{"class":72},[66,65108,50],{"class":80},[66,65110,35916],{"class":137},[66,65112,158],{"class":80},[66,65114,2771],{"class":137},[66,65116,105],{"class":80},[66,65118,36122],{"class":137},[66,65120,105],{"class":80},[66,65122,65123],{"class":137}," end",[66,65125,163],{"class":80},[20,65127,65128],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,65130,65131,65136,65141,65146],{},[33,65132,65133,65135],{},[15,65134,2771],{},": the item to search for",[33,65137,65138,65140],{},[15,65139,36143],{},": where the search begins",[33,65142,65143,65145],{},[15,65144,52740],{},": where the search stops",[33,65147,65148,5079,65150,65153],{},[15,65149,52740],{},[185,65151,65152],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65155,65156,65157,65159,65160,50],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65158,36143],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65161,52740],{},[52,65163,38093],{"id":38092},[20,65165,65166,65168],{},[15,65167,64948],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65170,65171,65172,65175],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[185,65173,65174],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65177,281],{},[57,65179,65181],{"className":59,"code":65180,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65182,65183,65203,65221,65225],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65184,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65186,1706],{"class":72},[66,65188,77],{"class":76},[66,65190,1711],{"class":80},[66,65192,2628],{"class":117},[66,65194,105],{"class":80},[66,65196,118],{"class":117},[66,65198,105],{"class":80},[66,65200,8088],{"class":117},[66,65202,240],{"class":80},[66,65204,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,65206,877],{"class":72},[66,65208,77],{"class":76},[66,65210,4557],{"class":72},[66,65212,50],{"class":80},[66,65214,35916],{"class":137},[66,65216,158],{"class":80},[66,65218,16028],{"class":117},[66,65220,163],{"class":80},[66,65222,65223],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,65224,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,65226,65227,65229,65231,65233],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,65228,155],{"class":154},[66,65230,158],{"class":80},[66,65232,901],{"class":137},[66,65234,163],{"class":80},[20,65236,187],{},[57,65238,65239],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,65240,65241],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65242,65243],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65244,46994],{"class":117},[20,65246,65247,65248,65250],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65249,59049],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[52,65252,65254],{"id":65253},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65256,65257],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[57,65259,65261],{"className":59,"code":65260,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65262,65263,65295,65317,65321],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65264,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65266,36310],{"class":72},[66,65268,77],{"class":76},[66,65270,1711],{"class":80},[66,65272,85],{"class":84},[66,65274,4372],{"class":88},[66,65276,85],{"class":84},[66,65278,105],{"class":80},[66,65280,97],{"class":84},[66,65282,4381],{"class":88},[66,65284,85],{"class":84},[66,65286,105],{"class":80},[66,65288,97],{"class":84},[66,65290,4390],{"class":88},[66,65292,85],{"class":84},[66,65294,240],{"class":80},[66,65296,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,65298,65002],{"class":72},[66,65300,77],{"class":76},[66,65302,52931],{"class":72},[66,65304,50],{"class":80},[66,65306,35916],{"class":137},[66,65308,158],{"class":80},[66,65310,85],{"class":84},[66,65312,4390],{"class":88},[66,65314,85],{"class":84},[66,65316,163],{"class":80},[66,65318,65319],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,65320,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,65322,65323,65325,65327,65329],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,65324,155],{"class":154},[66,65326,158],{"class":80},[66,65328,65029],{"class":137},[66,65330,163],{"class":80},[20,65332,187],{},[57,65334,65335],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,65336,65337],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65338,65339],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65340,17328],{"class":117},[20,65342,65343],{},"In this list:",[30,65345,65346,65353,65360],{},[33,65347,65348,65350,65351],{},[15,65349,57914],{}," is at index ",[15,65352,2021],{},[33,65354,65355,65350,65358],{},[15,65356,65357],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65359,1714],{},[33,65361,65362,65350,65365],{},[15,65363,65364],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65366,2354],{},[20,65368,53733,65369,2695,65372,50],{},[15,65370,65371],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65373,2354],{},[20,65375,51622,65376,50],{},[652,65377,65379],{"href":65378},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[52,65381,65383],{"id":65382},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65385,65386,65387,65389],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65388,59049],{}," returns the first match only.",[57,65391,65393],{"className":59,"code":65392,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65394,65395,65435,65439],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65396,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65398,13356],{"class":72},[66,65400,77],{"class":76},[66,65402,1711],{"class":80},[66,65404,85],{"class":84},[66,65406,13373],{"class":88},[66,65408,85],{"class":84},[66,65410,105],{"class":80},[66,65412,97],{"class":84},[66,65414,13390],{"class":88},[66,65416,85],{"class":84},[66,65418,105],{"class":80},[66,65420,97],{"class":84},[66,65422,13373],{"class":88},[66,65424,85],{"class":84},[66,65426,105],{"class":80},[66,65428,97],{"class":84},[66,65430,17716],{"class":88},[66,65432,85],{"class":84},[66,65434,240],{"class":80},[66,65436,65437],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,65438,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,65440,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,65442,155],{"class":154},[66,65444,158],{"class":80},[66,65446,17763],{"class":137},[66,65448,50],{"class":80},[66,65450,35916],{"class":137},[66,65452,158],{"class":80},[66,65454,85],{"class":84},[66,65456,13373],{"class":88},[66,65458,85],{"class":84},[66,65460,181],{"class":80},[20,65462,187],{},[57,65464,65465],{"className":59,"code":47329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,65466,65467],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65468,65469],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65470,47329],{"class":117},[20,65472,21237,65473,65476,65477,65479],{},[15,65474,65475],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65478,2021],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65481,65482,65483,50],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[652,65484,55600,65485,978],{"href":59108},[15,65486,57371],{},[52,65488,1848,65490,4688,65492],{"id":65489},"using-start-and-end",[15,65491,36143],{},[15,65493,52740],{},[20,65495,65496,65497,4688,65499,65501],{},"The optional ",[15,65498,36143],{},[15,65500,52740],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[57,65503,65505],{"className":59,"code":65504,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65506,65507,65555,65559,65584,65613],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65508,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65510,36161],{"class":72},[66,65512,77],{"class":76},[66,65514,1711],{"class":80},[66,65516,85],{"class":84},[66,65518,652],{"class":88},[66,65520,85],{"class":84},[66,65522,105],{"class":80},[66,65524,97],{"class":84},[66,65526,1903],{"class":88},[66,65528,85],{"class":84},[66,65530,105],{"class":80},[66,65532,97],{"class":84},[66,65534,10027],{"class":88},[66,65536,85],{"class":84},[66,65538,105],{"class":80},[66,65540,97],{"class":84},[66,65542,1903],{"class":88},[66,65544,85],{"class":84},[66,65546,105],{"class":80},[66,65548,97],{"class":84},[66,65550,19027],{"class":88},[66,65552,85],{"class":84},[66,65554,240],{"class":80},[66,65556,65557],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,65558,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,65560,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,65562,155],{"class":154},[66,65564,158],{"class":80},[66,65566,36214],{"class":137},[66,65568,50],{"class":80},[66,65570,35916],{"class":137},[66,65572,158],{"class":80},[66,65574,85],{"class":84},[66,65576,1903],{"class":88},[66,65578,85],{"class":84},[66,65580,5658],{"class":80},[66,65582,65583],{"class":1945},"        # first match\n",[66,65585,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,65587,155],{"class":154},[66,65589,158],{"class":80},[66,65591,36214],{"class":137},[66,65593,50],{"class":80},[66,65595,35916],{"class":137},[66,65597,158],{"class":80},[66,65599,85],{"class":84},[66,65601,1903],{"class":88},[66,65603,85],{"class":84},[66,65605,105],{"class":80},[66,65607,1719],{"class":117},[66,65609,5658],{"class":80},[66,65611,65612],{"class":1945},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[66,65614,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,65616,155],{"class":154},[66,65618,158],{"class":80},[66,65620,36214],{"class":137},[66,65622,50],{"class":80},[66,65624,35916],{"class":137},[66,65626,158],{"class":80},[66,65628,85],{"class":84},[66,65630,1903],{"class":88},[66,65632,85],{"class":84},[66,65634,105],{"class":80},[66,65636,1896],{"class":117},[66,65638,105],{"class":80},[66,65640,2755],{"class":117},[66,65642,5658],{"class":80},[66,65644,65645],{"class":1945},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65647,187],{},[57,65649,65651],{"className":59,"code":65650,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65652,65653,65657,65661],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65654,65655],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65656,46994],{"class":117},[66,65658,65659],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,65660,46694],{"class":117},[66,65662,65663],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,65664,46994],{"class":117},[20,65666,65667],{},"How this works:",[30,65669,65670,65682,65695],{},[33,65671,65672,65675,65676,65679,65680],{},[15,65673,65674],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65677,65678],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65681,1714],{},[33,65683,65684,65687,65688,65690,65691,65679,65693],{},[15,65685,65686],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65689,2354],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65692,65678],{},[15,65694,2360],{},[33,65696,65697,65700,65701,2487,65703,17341,65705],{},[15,65698,65699],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65702,1714],{},[15,65704,2354],{},[15,65706,2360],{},[20,65708,65709],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[52,65711,65713],{"id":65712},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65715,65716,65717,50],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65718,40778],{},[20,65720,281],{},[57,65722,65724],{"className":59,"code":65723,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65725,65726,65758],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65727,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65729,8073],{"class":72},[66,65731,77],{"class":76},[66,65733,1711],{"class":80},[66,65735,85],{"class":84},[66,65737,4372],{"class":88},[66,65739,85],{"class":84},[66,65741,105],{"class":80},[66,65743,97],{"class":84},[66,65745,4381],{"class":88},[66,65747,85],{"class":84},[66,65749,105],{"class":80},[66,65751,97],{"class":84},[66,65753,4390],{"class":88},[66,65755,85],{"class":84},[66,65757,240],{"class":80},[66,65759,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,65761,155],{"class":154},[66,65763,158],{"class":80},[66,65765,8103],{"class":137},[66,65767,50],{"class":80},[66,65769,35916],{"class":137},[66,65771,158],{"class":80},[66,65773,85],{"class":84},[66,65775,33288],{"class":88},[66,65777,85],{"class":84},[66,65779,181],{"class":80},[20,65781,39727,65782,65785],{},[15,65783,65784],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65787,65788],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[57,65790,65792],{"className":59,"code":65791,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65793,65794,65826,65839,65843,65856,65875,65881],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65795,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65797,8073],{"class":72},[66,65799,77],{"class":76},[66,65801,1711],{"class":80},[66,65803,85],{"class":84},[66,65805,4372],{"class":88},[66,65807,85],{"class":84},[66,65809,105],{"class":80},[66,65811,97],{"class":84},[66,65813,4381],{"class":88},[66,65815,85],{"class":84},[66,65817,105],{"class":80},[66,65819,97],{"class":84},[66,65821,4390],{"class":88},[66,65823,85],{"class":84},[66,65825,240],{"class":80},[66,65827,65828,65831,65833,65835,65837],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,65829,65830],{"class":72},"search_value ",[66,65832,77],{"class":76},[66,65834,97],{"class":84},[66,65836,33288],{"class":88},[66,65838,376],{"class":84},[66,65840,65841],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,65842,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,65844,65845,65847,65850,65852,65854],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,65846,7291],{"class":1060},[66,65848,65849],{"class":72}," search_value ",[66,65851,1067],{"class":76},[66,65853,6258],{"class":72},[66,65855,1133],{"class":80},[66,65857,65858,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65873],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,65859,1081],{"class":154},[66,65861,158],{"class":80},[66,65863,8103],{"class":137},[66,65865,50],{"class":80},[66,65867,35916],{"class":137},[66,65869,158],{"class":80},[66,65871,65872],{"class":137},"search_value",[66,65874,181],{"class":80},[66,65876,65877,65879],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,65878,27498],{"class":1060},[66,65880,1133],{"class":80},[66,65882,65883,65885,65887,65889,65892,65894],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,65884,1081],{"class":154},[66,65886,158],{"class":80},[66,65888,85],{"class":84},[66,65890,65891],{"class":88},"Item not found",[66,65893,85],{"class":84},[66,65895,163],{"class":80},[20,65897,187],{},[57,65899,65901],{"className":59,"code":65900,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Item not found\n",[15,65902,65903],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65904,65905,65908,65910],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65906,65907],{"class":72},"Item ",[66,65909,4926],{"class":76},[66,65911,65912],{"class":72}," found\n",[20,65914,65915],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65917,65918,65919,50],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[652,65920,65922],{"href":65921},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[52,65924,4814],{"id":4813},[20,65926,21469,65927,94],{},[15,65928,64948],{},[30,65930,65931,65949,65961,66021],{},[33,65932,1854,65933,2695,65935,65938,65939,65941,65942,5456,65944,65946,65947,50],{},[15,65934,59049],{},[15,65936,65937],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10134,65940],{},"\nPython does ",[185,65943,4926],{},[15,65945,65937],{},". It raises ",[15,65948,40778],{},[33,65950,65951,65952,65954,65957,65958,65960],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10134,65953],{},[15,65955,65956],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65959,65357],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65962,1848,65963,11376,65966,65968,65970,65971,695,65973,65996,16918,65998],{},[15,65964,65965],{},"index[]",[15,65967,59049],{},[10134,65969],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10134,65972],{},[57,65974,65976],{"className":59,"code":65975,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65977,65978],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,65979,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,65981,8103],{"class":72},[66,65983,50],{"class":80},[66,65985,35916],{"class":137},[66,65987,158],{"class":80},[66,65989,85],{"class":84},[66,65991,4381],{"class":88},[66,65993,85],{"class":84},[66,65995,163],{"class":80},[10134,65997],{},[57,65999,66001],{"className":59,"code":66000,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66002,66003],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66004,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66006,8103],{"class":72},[66,66008,50],{"class":80},[66,66010,35916],{"class":784},[66,66012,223],{"class":80},[66,66014,85],{"class":84},[66,66016,4381],{"class":88},[66,66018,85],{"class":84},[66,66020,240],{"class":80},[33,66022,66023,66024,66026,4688,66029,66031,66032],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10134,66025],{},[15,66027,66028],{},"\"3\"",[15,66030,2360],{}," are different values in Python.",[57,66033,66035],{"className":59,"code":66034,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66036,66037,66057],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66038,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053,66055],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66040,1706],{"class":72},[66,66042,77],{"class":76},[66,66044,1711],{"class":80},[66,66046,1714],{"class":117},[66,66048,105],{"class":80},[66,66050,1719],{"class":117},[66,66052,105],{"class":80},[66,66054,1724],{"class":117},[66,66056,240],{"class":80},[66,66058,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069,66071,66073,66075],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66060,155],{"class":154},[66,66062,158],{"class":80},[66,66064,85],{"class":84},[66,66066,2360],{"class":88},[66,66068,85],{"class":84},[66,66070,1372],{"class":1060},[66,66072,4557],{"class":137},[66,66074,3954],{"class":80},[66,66076,5067],{"class":1945},[20,66078,66079],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[57,66081,66083],{"className":59,"code":66082,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66084,66085,66095,66109,66123],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66086,66087,66089,66091,66093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66088,155],{"class":154},[66,66090,158],{"class":80},[66,66092,8632],{"class":137},[66,66094,163],{"class":80},[66,66096,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66098,155],{"class":154},[66,66100,158],{"class":80},[66,66102,912],{"class":173},[66,66104,158],{"class":80},[66,66106,65872],{"class":137},[66,66108,181],{"class":80},[66,66110,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,66112,155],{"class":154},[66,66114,158],{"class":80},[66,66116,65830],{"class":137},[66,66118,1067],{"class":1060},[66,66120,8689],{"class":137},[66,66122,163],{"class":80},[66,66124,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,66126,155],{"class":154},[66,66128,158],{"class":80},[66,66130,8632],{"class":137},[66,66132,50],{"class":80},[66,66134,35916],{"class":137},[66,66136,158],{"class":80},[66,66138,65872],{"class":137},[66,66140,181],{"class":80},[20,66142,66143],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66145,66146],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,66148,66149,66152,66159,66165],{},[33,66150,66151],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,66153,66154,66155,11376,66157],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66156,66028],{},[15,66158,2360],{},[33,66160,66161,66162,66164],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66163,59049],{}," returns only the first one",[33,66166,66167],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[52,66169,1154,66171],{"id":66170},"when-to-use-index",[15,66172,59049],{},[20,66174,243,66175,1161],{},[15,66176,59049],{},[30,66178,66179,66182,66185],{},[33,66180,66181],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,66183,66184],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,66186,66187],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66189,66190],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[52,66192,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,66194,5438,66196,2122],{"id":66195},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66197,64948],{},[20,66199,66200],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1430,66202,12986,66204,5456,66206,66208],{"id":66203},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66205,64948],{},[15,66207,65937],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66210,66211,66212,6924],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66213,40778],{},[1430,66215,5465,66217,66219],{"id":66216},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66218,64948],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66221,66222],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1430,66224,66226,66227,2151],{"id":66225},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66228,59049],{},[20,66230,66231,66232,4688,66234,66236],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66233,36143],{},[15,66235,52740],{}," arguments.",[52,66238,2183],{"id":2182},[30,66240,66241,66245,66249,66253],{},[33,66242,66243],{},[652,66244,59037],{"href":65378},[33,66246,66247],{},[652,66248,52851],{"href":54650},[33,66250,66251],{},[652,66252,65922],{"href":65921},[33,66254,66255],{},[652,66256,55600,66257,978],{"href":59108},[15,66258,57371],{},[2222,66260,66261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":66263},[66264,66265,66267,66268,66269,66270,66271,66273,66274,66275,66277,66287],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":65045,"depth":124,"text":66266},"What list.index() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":38092,"depth":124,"text":38093},{"id":65253,"depth":124,"text":65254},{"id":65382,"depth":124,"text":65383},{"id":65489,"depth":124,"text":66272},"Using start and end",{"id":65712,"depth":124,"text":65713},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814},{"id":66170,"depth":124,"text":66276},"When to use index()",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":66278},[66279,66281,66283,66285],{"id":66195,"depth":144,"text":66280},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66203,"depth":144,"text":66282},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66216,"depth":144,"text":66284},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66225,"depth":144,"text":66286},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64936,"description":66288},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66295,"title":66296,"body":66297,"description":68239,"extension":2260,"meta":68240,"navigation":147,"path":68241,"seo":68242,"stem":68243,"__hash__":68244},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66298,"toc":68199},[66299,66304,66309,66312,66321,66378,66384,66389,66393,66407,66413,66415,66438,66455,66457,66518,66520,66552,66565,66567,66570,66670,66672,66750,66756,66760,66768,66772,66778,66833,66835,66859,66863,66866,66919,66921,66945,66949,66952,67005,67007,67031,67035,67041,67112,67114,67155,67161,67168,67171,67176,67184,67189,67197,67199,67296,67298,67367,67374,67379,67381,67385,67390,67392,67463,67465,67494,67500,67502,67529,67532,67555,67559,67562,67584,67587,67610,67612,67672,67674,67706,67712,67717,67770,67772,67797,67800,67849,67851,67872,67876,67881,67884,67939,67941,67968,67975,67979,67984,68055,68058,68072,68077,68082,68084,68098,68110,68115,68117,68122,68127,68131,68134,68140,68146,68153,68161,68163,68196],[10,66300,54422,66302,18],{"id":66301},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66303,54348],{},[20,66305,66306,66308],{},[15,66307,53991],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66310,66311],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66313,243,66314,66316,66317,50],{},[15,66315,54348],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[652,66318,55600,66319,978],{"href":56849},[15,66320,52732],{},[57,66322,66324],{"className":59,"code":66323,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66325,66326,66346,66364,66374],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66327,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66329,1706],{"class":72},[66,66331,77],{"class":76},[66,66333,1711],{"class":80},[66,66335,1714],{"class":117},[66,66337,105],{"class":80},[66,66339,1719],{"class":117},[66,66341,105],{"class":80},[66,66343,2755],{"class":117},[66,66345,240],{"class":80},[66,66347,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66349,1735],{"class":72},[66,66351,50],{"class":80},[66,66353,54031],{"class":137},[66,66355,158],{"class":80},[66,66357,2354],{"class":117},[66,66359,105],{"class":80},[66,66361,1724],{"class":117},[66,66363,163],{"class":80},[66,66365,66366,66368,66370,66372],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,66367,155],{"class":154},[66,66369,158],{"class":80},[66,66371,1735],{"class":137},[66,66373,163],{"class":80},[66,66375,66376],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,66377,52803],{"class":1945},[20,66379,243,66380,66383],{},[15,66381,66382],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[52,66385,250,66387,253],{"id":66386},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66388,53991],{},[20,66390,66391,94],{},[15,66392,53991],{},[30,66394,66395,66398,66401,66403],{},[33,66396,66397],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,66399,66400],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,66402,54508],{},[33,66404,11706,66405],{},[15,66406,4071],{},[20,66408,66409,66410,66412],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66411,54348],{}," does not create a new list.",[52,66414,659],{"id":658},[57,66416,66418],{"className":59,"code":66417,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66419,66420],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66421,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434,66436],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66423,8632],{"class":72},[66,66425,50],{"class":80},[66,66427,54031],{"class":137},[66,66429,158],{"class":80},[66,66431,35916],{"class":137},[66,66433,105],{"class":80},[66,66435,29572],{"class":137},[66,66437,163],{"class":80},[30,66439,66440,66445,66450],{},[33,66441,66442,66444],{},[15,66443,35916],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66446,66447,66449],{},[15,66448,23563],{}," is the value to add",[33,66451,66452,66453],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66454,2021],{},[20,66456,281],{},[57,66458,66460],{"className":59,"code":66459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66461,66462,66486,66508],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66463,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66465,36161],{"class":72},[66,66467,77],{"class":76},[66,66469,1711],{"class":80},[66,66471,85],{"class":84},[66,66473,652],{"class":88},[66,66475,85],{"class":84},[66,66477,105],{"class":80},[66,66479,97],{"class":84},[66,66481,10027],{"class":88},[66,66483,85],{"class":84},[66,66485,240],{"class":80},[66,66487,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66489,36214],{"class":72},[66,66491,50],{"class":80},[66,66493,54031],{"class":137},[66,66495,158],{"class":80},[66,66497,1714],{"class":117},[66,66499,105],{"class":80},[66,66501,97],{"class":84},[66,66503,1903],{"class":88},[66,66505,85],{"class":84},[66,66507,163],{"class":80},[66,66509,66510,66512,66514,66516],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,66511,155],{"class":154},[66,66513,158],{"class":80},[66,66515,36214],{"class":137},[66,66517,163],{"class":80},[20,66519,187],{},[57,66521,66522],{"className":59,"code":42951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,66523,66524],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66525,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66527,223],{"class":80},[66,66529,202],{"class":84},[66,66531,652],{"class":88},[66,66533,202],{"class":84},[66,66535,105],{"class":80},[66,66537,211],{"class":84},[66,66539,1903],{"class":88},[66,66541,202],{"class":84},[66,66543,105],{"class":80},[66,66545,211],{"class":84},[66,66547,10027],{"class":88},[66,66549,202],{"class":84},[66,66551,240],{"class":80},[20,66553,21030,66554,66556,66557,66559,66560,4688,66562,50],{},[15,66555,65678],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66558,1714],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66561,18357],{},[15,66563,66564],{},"\"c\"",[52,66566,459],{"id":458},[20,66568,66569],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[57,66571,66573],{"className":59,"code":66572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66574,66575,66607,66625,66629,66651],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66576,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66578,13356],{"class":72},[66,66580,77],{"class":76},[66,66582,1711],{"class":80},[66,66584,85],{"class":84},[66,66586,13373],{"class":88},[66,66588,85],{"class":84},[66,66590,105],{"class":80},[66,66592,97],{"class":84},[66,66594,13390],{"class":88},[66,66596,85],{"class":84},[66,66598,105],{"class":80},[66,66600,97],{"class":84},[66,66602,17716],{"class":88},[66,66604,85],{"class":84},[66,66606,240],{"class":80},[66,66608,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66610,155],{"class":154},[66,66612,158],{"class":80},[66,66614,85],{"class":84},[66,66616,11845],{"class":88},[66,66618,85],{"class":84},[66,66620,105],{"class":80},[66,66622,13404],{"class":137},[66,66624,163],{"class":80},[66,66626,66627],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,66628,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,66630,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,66632,17763],{"class":72},[66,66634,50],{"class":80},[66,66636,54031],{"class":137},[66,66638,158],{"class":80},[66,66640,1714],{"class":117},[66,66642,105],{"class":80},[66,66644,97],{"class":84},[66,66646,22778],{"class":88},[66,66648,85],{"class":84},[66,66650,163],{"class":80},[66,66652,66653,66655,66657,66659,66662,66664,66666,66668],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,66654,155],{"class":154},[66,66656,158],{"class":80},[66,66658,85],{"class":84},[66,66660,66661],{"class":88},"After: ",[66,66663,85],{"class":84},[66,66665,105],{"class":80},[66,66667,13404],{"class":137},[66,66669,163],{"class":80},[20,66671,187],{},[57,66673,66675],{"className":59,"code":66674,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66676,66677,66709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66678,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66680,11905],{"class":72},[66,66682,94],{"class":80},[66,66684,1711],{"class":80},[66,66686,202],{"class":84},[66,66688,13373],{"class":88},[66,66690,202],{"class":84},[66,66692,105],{"class":80},[66,66694,211],{"class":84},[66,66696,13390],{"class":88},[66,66698,202],{"class":84},[66,66700,105],{"class":80},[66,66702,211],{"class":84},[66,66704,17716],{"class":88},[66,66706,202],{"class":84},[66,66708,240],{"class":80},[66,66710,66711,66713,66715,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66712,11958],{"class":72},[66,66714,94],{"class":80},[66,66716,66717],{"class":80},"  [",[66,66719,202],{"class":84},[66,66721,13373],{"class":88},[66,66723,202],{"class":84},[66,66725,105],{"class":80},[66,66727,211],{"class":84},[66,66729,22778],{"class":88},[66,66731,202],{"class":84},[66,66733,105],{"class":80},[66,66735,211],{"class":84},[66,66737,13390],{"class":88},[66,66739,202],{"class":84},[66,66741,105],{"class":80},[66,66743,211],{"class":84},[66,66745,17716],{"class":88},[66,66747,202],{"class":84},[66,66749,240],{"class":80},[20,66751,66752,66753,66755],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66754,1714],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[52,66757,66759],{"id":66758},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66761,2277,66762,35399,66764,66767],{},[15,66763,35916],{},[15,66765,66766],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1430,66769,66771],{"id":66770},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66773,66774,66775,66777],{},"Use index ",[15,66776,2021],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[57,66779,66781],{"className":59,"code":66780,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66782,66783,66804,66823],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66784,66785,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66786,66787],{"class":72},"nums ",[66,66789,77],{"class":76},[66,66791,1711],{"class":80},[66,66793,2354],{"class":117},[66,66795,105],{"class":80},[66,66797,1724],{"class":117},[66,66799,105],{"class":80},[66,66801,2755],{"class":117},[66,66803,240],{"class":80},[66,66805,66806,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66807,66808],{"class":72},"nums",[66,66810,50],{"class":80},[66,66812,54031],{"class":137},[66,66814,158],{"class":80},[66,66816,2021],{"class":117},[66,66818,105],{"class":80},[66,66820,1896],{"class":117},[66,66822,163],{"class":80},[66,66824,66825,66827,66829,66831],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,66826,155],{"class":154},[66,66828,158],{"class":80},[66,66830,66808],{"class":137},[66,66832,163],{"class":80},[20,66834,187],{},[57,66836,66837],{"className":59,"code":53585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,66838,66839],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66840,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66842,223],{"class":80},[66,66844,1714],{"class":117},[66,66846,105],{"class":80},[66,66848,1719],{"class":117},[66,66850,105],{"class":80},[66,66852,1724],{"class":117},[66,66854,105],{"class":80},[66,66856,2755],{"class":117},[66,66858,240],{"class":80},[1430,66860,66862],{"id":66861},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66864,66865],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[57,66867,66869],{"className":59,"code":66868,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66870,66871,66891,66909],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66872,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66874,66787],{"class":72},[66,66876,77],{"class":76},[66,66878,1711],{"class":80},[66,66880,1714],{"class":117},[66,66882,105],{"class":80},[66,66884,1719],{"class":117},[66,66886,105],{"class":80},[66,66888,2755],{"class":117},[66,66890,240],{"class":80},[66,66892,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66894,66808],{"class":72},[66,66896,50],{"class":80},[66,66898,54031],{"class":137},[66,66900,158],{"class":80},[66,66902,2354],{"class":117},[66,66904,105],{"class":80},[66,66906,1724],{"class":117},[66,66908,163],{"class":80},[66,66910,66911,66913,66915,66917],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,66912,155],{"class":154},[66,66914,158],{"class":80},[66,66916,66808],{"class":137},[66,66918,163],{"class":80},[20,66920,187],{},[57,66922,66923],{"className":59,"code":53585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,66924,66925],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66926,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66928,223],{"class":80},[66,66930,1714],{"class":117},[66,66932,105],{"class":80},[66,66934,1719],{"class":117},[66,66936,105],{"class":80},[66,66938,1724],{"class":117},[66,66940,105],{"class":80},[66,66942,2755],{"class":117},[66,66944,240],{"class":80},[1430,66946,66948],{"id":66947},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66950,66951],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[57,66953,66955],{"className":59,"code":66954,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66956,66957,66977,66995],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,66958,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,66960,66787],{"class":72},[66,66962,77],{"class":76},[66,66964,1711],{"class":80},[66,66966,1714],{"class":117},[66,66968,105],{"class":80},[66,66970,1719],{"class":117},[66,66972,105],{"class":80},[66,66974,1724],{"class":117},[66,66976,240],{"class":80},[66,66978,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,66980,66808],{"class":72},[66,66982,50],{"class":80},[66,66984,54031],{"class":137},[66,66986,158],{"class":80},[66,66988,2628],{"class":117},[66,66990,105],{"class":80},[66,66992,2755],{"class":117},[66,66994,163],{"class":80},[66,66996,66997,66999,67001,67003],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,66998,155],{"class":154},[66,67000,158],{"class":80},[66,67002,66808],{"class":137},[66,67004,163],{"class":80},[20,67006,187],{},[57,67008,67009],{"className":59,"code":53585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,67010,67011],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67012,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67014,223],{"class":80},[66,67016,1714],{"class":117},[66,67018,105],{"class":80},[66,67020,1719],{"class":117},[66,67022,105],{"class":80},[66,67024,1724],{"class":117},[66,67026,105],{"class":80},[66,67028,2755],{"class":117},[66,67030,240],{"class":80},[1430,67032,67034],{"id":67033},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67036,67037,67038,67040],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67039,54348],{}," places the item before that position.",[57,67042,67044],{"className":59,"code":67043,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67045,67046,67078,67102],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67047,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67049,36161],{"class":72},[66,67051,77],{"class":76},[66,67053,1711],{"class":80},[66,67055,85],{"class":84},[66,67057,652],{"class":88},[66,67059,85],{"class":84},[66,67061,105],{"class":80},[66,67063,97],{"class":84},[66,67065,1903],{"class":88},[66,67067,85],{"class":84},[66,67069,105],{"class":80},[66,67071,97],{"class":84},[66,67073,19027],{"class":88},[66,67075,85],{"class":84},[66,67077,240],{"class":80},[66,67079,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67081,36214],{"class":72},[66,67083,50],{"class":80},[66,67085,54031],{"class":137},[66,67087,158],{"class":80},[66,67089,2319],{"class":76},[66,67091,1714],{"class":117},[66,67093,105],{"class":80},[66,67095,97],{"class":84},[66,67097,10027],{"class":88},[66,67099,85],{"class":84},[66,67101,163],{"class":80},[66,67103,67104,67106,67108,67110],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,67105,155],{"class":154},[66,67107,158],{"class":80},[66,67109,36214],{"class":137},[66,67111,163],{"class":80},[20,67113,187],{},[57,67115,67117],{"className":59,"code":67116,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67118,67119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67120,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67122,223],{"class":80},[66,67124,202],{"class":84},[66,67126,652],{"class":88},[66,67128,202],{"class":84},[66,67130,105],{"class":80},[66,67132,211],{"class":84},[66,67134,1903],{"class":88},[66,67136,202],{"class":84},[66,67138,105],{"class":80},[66,67140,211],{"class":84},[66,67142,10027],{"class":88},[66,67144,202],{"class":84},[66,67146,105],{"class":80},[66,67148,211],{"class":84},[66,67150,19027],{"class":88},[66,67152,202],{"class":84},[66,67154,240],{"class":80},[20,67156,67157,67158,2601],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[652,67159,67160],{"href":51058},"Python lists beginner guide",[52,67162,67164,10871,67166],{"id":67163},"insert-vs-append",[15,67165,54348],{},[15,67167,52732],{},[20,67169,67170],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1430,67172,243,67174,1161],{"id":67173},"use-insert-when",[15,67175,54348],{},[30,67177,67178,67181],{},[33,67179,67180],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,67182,67183],{},"The order of the list matters",[1430,67185,243,67187,1161],{"id":67186},"use-append-when",[15,67188,52732],{},[30,67190,67191,67194],{},[33,67192,67193],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,67195,67196],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67198,281],{},[57,67200,67202],{"className":59,"code":67201,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67203,67204,67228,67232,67254,67264,67268,67286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67205,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67207,8073],{"class":72},[66,67209,77],{"class":76},[66,67211,1711],{"class":80},[66,67213,85],{"class":84},[66,67215,4372],{"class":88},[66,67217,85],{"class":84},[66,67219,105],{"class":80},[66,67221,97],{"class":84},[66,67223,33288],{"class":88},[66,67225,85],{"class":84},[66,67227,240],{"class":80},[66,67229,67230],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67231,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,67233,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,67235,8103],{"class":72},[66,67237,50],{"class":80},[66,67239,54031],{"class":137},[66,67241,158],{"class":80},[66,67243,1714],{"class":117},[66,67245,105],{"class":80},[66,67247,97],{"class":84},[66,67249,4381],{"class":88},[66,67251,85],{"class":84},[66,67253,163],{"class":80},[66,67255,67256,67258,67260,67262],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,67257,155],{"class":154},[66,67259,158],{"class":80},[66,67261,8103],{"class":137},[66,67263,163],{"class":80},[66,67265,67266],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,67267,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,67269,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282,67284],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,67271,8103],{"class":72},[66,67273,50],{"class":80},[66,67275,13830],{"class":137},[66,67277,158],{"class":80},[66,67279,85],{"class":84},[66,67281,22787],{"class":88},[66,67283,85],{"class":84},[66,67285,163],{"class":80},[66,67287,67288,67290,67292,67294],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,67289,155],{"class":154},[66,67291,158],{"class":80},[66,67293,8103],{"class":137},[66,67295,163],{"class":80},[20,67297,187],{},[57,67299,67301],{"className":59,"code":67300,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67302,67303,67331],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67304,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67306,223],{"class":80},[66,67308,202],{"class":84},[66,67310,4372],{"class":88},[66,67312,202],{"class":84},[66,67314,105],{"class":80},[66,67316,211],{"class":84},[66,67318,4381],{"class":88},[66,67320,202],{"class":84},[66,67322,105],{"class":80},[66,67324,211],{"class":84},[66,67326,33288],{"class":88},[66,67328,202],{"class":84},[66,67330,240],{"class":80},[66,67332,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67334,223],{"class":80},[66,67336,202],{"class":84},[66,67338,4372],{"class":88},[66,67340,202],{"class":84},[66,67342,105],{"class":80},[66,67344,211],{"class":84},[66,67346,4381],{"class":88},[66,67348,202],{"class":84},[66,67350,105],{"class":80},[66,67352,211],{"class":84},[66,67354,33288],{"class":88},[66,67356,202],{"class":84},[66,67358,105],{"class":80},[66,67360,211],{"class":84},[66,67362,22787],{"class":88},[66,67364,202],{"class":84},[66,67366,240],{"class":80},[20,67368,67369,67370,50],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[652,67371,55600,67372,978],{"href":56849},[15,67373,52732],{},[20,67375,67376,67377,50],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[652,67378,53129],{"href":53128},[52,67380,4814],{"id":4813},[20,67382,15009,67383,50],{},[15,67384,54348],{},[1430,67386,12876,67388],{"id":67387},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67389,54348],{},[20,67391,1766],{},[57,67393,67395],{"className":59,"code":67394,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67396,67397,67417,67439,67443,67453],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67398,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67400,1706],{"class":72},[66,67402,77],{"class":76},[66,67404,1711],{"class":80},[66,67406,1714],{"class":117},[66,67408,105],{"class":80},[66,67410,1719],{"class":117},[66,67412,105],{"class":80},[66,67414,1724],{"class":117},[66,67416,240],{"class":80},[66,67418,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67420,877],{"class":72},[66,67422,77],{"class":76},[66,67424,4557],{"class":72},[66,67426,50],{"class":80},[66,67428,54031],{"class":137},[66,67430,158],{"class":80},[66,67432,1714],{"class":117},[66,67434,105],{"class":80},[66,67436,10485],{"class":117},[66,67438,163],{"class":80},[66,67440,67441],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,67442,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,67444,67445,67447,67449,67451],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,67446,155],{"class":154},[66,67448,158],{"class":80},[66,67450,901],{"class":137},[66,67452,163],{"class":80},[66,67454,67455,67457,67459,67461],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,67456,155],{"class":154},[66,67458,158],{"class":80},[66,67460,1735],{"class":137},[66,67462,163],{"class":80},[20,67464,187],{},[57,67466,67468],{"className":59,"code":67467,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67469,67470,67474],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67471,67472],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67473,12089],{"class":4146},[66,67475,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67477,223],{"class":80},[66,67479,1714],{"class":117},[66,67481,105],{"class":80},[66,67483,10485],{"class":117},[66,67485,105],{"class":80},[66,67487,1719],{"class":117},[66,67489,105],{"class":80},[66,67491,1724],{"class":117},[66,67493,240],{"class":80},[20,67495,67496,54233,67498,50],{},[15,67497,54348],{},[15,67499,4071],{},[20,67501,16918],{},[57,67503,67505],{"className":59,"code":67504,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67506,67507],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67508,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67510,55970],{"class":72},[66,67512,77],{"class":76},[66,67514,4557],{"class":72},[66,67516,50],{"class":80},[66,67518,54031],{"class":137},[66,67520,158],{"class":80},[66,67522,1714],{"class":117},[66,67524,105],{"class":80},[66,67526,10485],{"class":117},[66,67528,163],{"class":80},[20,67530,67531],{},"Right:",[57,67533,67535],{"className":59,"code":67534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67536,67537],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67538,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67540,1735],{"class":72},[66,67542,50],{"class":80},[66,67544,54031],{"class":137},[66,67546,158],{"class":80},[66,67548,1714],{"class":117},[66,67550,105],{"class":80},[66,67552,10485],{"class":117},[66,67554,163],{"class":80},[1430,67556,67558],{"id":67557},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67560,67561],{},"The correct order is:",[57,67563,67564],{"className":59,"code":66417,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,67565,67566],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67567,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67569,8632],{"class":72},[66,67571,50],{"class":80},[66,67573,54031],{"class":137},[66,67575,158],{"class":80},[66,67577,35916],{"class":137},[66,67579,105],{"class":80},[66,67581,29572],{"class":137},[66,67583,163],{"class":80},[20,67585,67586],{},"Not:",[57,67588,67590],{"className":59,"code":67589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67591,67592],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67593,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67595,8632],{"class":72},[66,67597,50],{"class":80},[66,67599,54031],{"class":137},[66,67601,158],{"class":80},[66,67603,23563],{"class":137},[66,67605,105],{"class":80},[66,67607,35891],{"class":137},[66,67609,163],{"class":80},[20,67611,281],{},[57,67613,67614],{"className":59,"code":66459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,67615,67616,67640,67662],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67617,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67619,36161],{"class":72},[66,67621,77],{"class":76},[66,67623,1711],{"class":80},[66,67625,85],{"class":84},[66,67627,652],{"class":88},[66,67629,85],{"class":84},[66,67631,105],{"class":80},[66,67633,97],{"class":84},[66,67635,10027],{"class":88},[66,67637,85],{"class":84},[66,67639,240],{"class":80},[66,67641,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67643,36214],{"class":72},[66,67645,50],{"class":80},[66,67647,54031],{"class":137},[66,67649,158],{"class":80},[66,67651,1714],{"class":117},[66,67653,105],{"class":80},[66,67655,97],{"class":84},[66,67657,1903],{"class":88},[66,67659,85],{"class":84},[66,67661,163],{"class":80},[66,67663,67664,67666,67668,67670],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,67665,155],{"class":154},[66,67667,158],{"class":80},[66,67669,36214],{"class":137},[66,67671,163],{"class":80},[20,67673,187],{},[57,67675,67676],{"className":59,"code":42951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,67677,67678],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67679,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67681,223],{"class":80},[66,67683,202],{"class":84},[66,67685,652],{"class":88},[66,67687,202],{"class":84},[66,67689,105],{"class":80},[66,67691,211],{"class":84},[66,67693,1903],{"class":88},[66,67695,202],{"class":84},[66,67697,105],{"class":80},[66,67699,211],{"class":84},[66,67701,10027],{"class":88},[66,67703,202],{"class":84},[66,67705,240],{"class":80},[1430,67707,1433,67709,67711],{"id":67708},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67710,54348],{}," to replace an item",[20,67713,67714,67716],{},[15,67715,54348],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[57,67718,67720],{"className":59,"code":67719,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67721,67722,67742,67760],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67723,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67725,1706],{"class":72},[66,67727,77],{"class":76},[66,67729,1711],{"class":80},[66,67731,1714],{"class":117},[66,67733,105],{"class":80},[66,67735,1719],{"class":117},[66,67737,105],{"class":80},[66,67739,1724],{"class":117},[66,67741,240],{"class":80},[66,67743,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67745,1735],{"class":72},[66,67747,50],{"class":80},[66,67749,54031],{"class":137},[66,67751,158],{"class":80},[66,67753,1714],{"class":117},[66,67755,105],{"class":80},[66,67757,10485],{"class":117},[66,67759,163],{"class":80},[66,67761,67762,67764,67766,67768],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,67763,155],{"class":154},[66,67765,158],{"class":80},[66,67767,1735],{"class":137},[66,67769,163],{"class":80},[20,67771,187],{},[57,67773,67775],{"className":59,"code":67774,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67776,67777],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67778,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67780,223],{"class":80},[66,67782,1714],{"class":117},[66,67784,105],{"class":80},[66,67786,10485],{"class":117},[66,67788,105],{"class":80},[66,67790,1719],{"class":117},[66,67792,105],{"class":80},[66,67794,1724],{"class":117},[66,67796,240],{"class":80},[20,67798,67799],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[57,67801,67803],{"className":59,"code":67802,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67804,67805,67825,67839],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67806,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67808,1706],{"class":72},[66,67810,77],{"class":76},[66,67812,1711],{"class":80},[66,67814,1714],{"class":117},[66,67816,105],{"class":80},[66,67818,1719],{"class":117},[66,67820,105],{"class":80},[66,67822,1724],{"class":117},[66,67824,240],{"class":80},[66,67826,67827,67829,67831,67833,67835,67837],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67828,1735],{"class":72},[66,67830,223],{"class":80},[66,67832,1714],{"class":117},[66,67834,365],{"class":80},[66,67836,368],{"class":76},[66,67838,14407],{"class":117},[66,67840,67841,67843,67845,67847],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,67842,155],{"class":154},[66,67844,158],{"class":80},[66,67846,1735],{"class":137},[66,67848,163],{"class":80},[20,67850,187],{},[57,67852,67854],{"className":59,"code":67853,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67855,67856],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67857,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67859,223],{"class":80},[66,67861,1714],{"class":117},[66,67863,105],{"class":80},[66,67865,10485],{"class":117},[66,67867,105],{"class":80},[66,67869,1724],{"class":117},[66,67871,240],{"class":80},[1430,67873,67875],{"id":67874},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67877,67878,67880],{},[15,67879,54348],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67882,67883],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[57,67885,67887],{"className":59,"code":67886,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67888,67889,67905,67929],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67890,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67892,1706],{"class":72},[66,67894,77],{"class":76},[66,67896,1711],{"class":80},[66,67898,1714],{"class":117},[66,67900,105],{"class":80},[66,67902,2755],{"class":117},[66,67904,240],{"class":80},[66,67906,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919,67921,67923,67925,67927],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,67908,1735],{"class":72},[66,67910,50],{"class":80},[66,67912,54031],{"class":137},[66,67914,158],{"class":80},[66,67916,1714],{"class":117},[66,67918,105],{"class":80},[66,67920,1711],{"class":80},[66,67922,2354],{"class":117},[66,67924,105],{"class":80},[66,67926,1724],{"class":117},[66,67928,218],{"class":80},[66,67930,67931,67933,67935,67937],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,67932,155],{"class":154},[66,67934,158],{"class":80},[66,67936,1735],{"class":137},[66,67938,163],{"class":80},[20,67940,187],{},[57,67942,67944],{"className":59,"code":67943,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67945,67946],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67947,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958,67960,67962,67964,67966],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67949,223],{"class":80},[66,67951,1714],{"class":117},[66,67953,105],{"class":80},[66,67955,1711],{"class":80},[66,67957,2354],{"class":117},[66,67959,105],{"class":80},[66,67961,1724],{"class":117},[66,67963,18323],{"class":80},[66,67965,2755],{"class":117},[66,67967,240],{"class":80},[20,67969,67970,67971,50],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[652,67972,55600,67973,978],{"href":53424},[15,67974,53526],{},[1430,67976,67978],{"id":67977},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67980,9168,67981,67983],{},[15,67982,54348],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[57,67985,67987],{"className":59,"code":67986,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67988,67989,67999,68013,68031,68045],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67990,67991,67993,67995,67997],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,67992,155],{"class":154},[66,67994,158],{"class":80},[66,67996,8632],{"class":137},[66,67998,163],{"class":80},[66,68000,68001,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68002,155],{"class":154},[66,68004,158],{"class":80},[66,68006,11445],{"class":154},[66,68008,158],{"class":80},[66,68010,8632],{"class":137},[66,68012,181],{"class":80},[66,68014,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,68016,155],{"class":154},[66,68018,158],{"class":80},[66,68020,8632],{"class":137},[66,68022,50],{"class":80},[66,68024,54031],{"class":784},[66,68026,50],{"class":80},[66,68028,34514],{"class":34521},[66,68030,163],{"class":80},[66,68032,68033,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,68034,32219],{"class":154},[66,68036,158],{"class":80},[66,68038,174],{"class":173},[66,68040,50],{"class":80},[66,68042,54031],{"class":784},[66,68044,163],{"class":80},[66,68046,68047,68049,68051,68053],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,68048,912],{"class":173},[66,68050,158],{"class":80},[66,68052,8632],{"class":137},[66,68054,163],{"class":80},[20,68056,68057],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,68059,68060,68063,68066,68069],{},[33,68061,68062],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,68064,68065],{},"How long the list is",[33,68067,68068],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,68070,68071],{},"How Python describes the method",[52,68073,1154,68075],{"id":68074},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68076,54348],{},[20,68078,243,68079,68081],{},[15,68080,54348],{}," when position matters.",[20,68083,36497],{},[30,68085,68086,68089,68092,68095],{},[33,68087,68088],{},"Ordered menus",[33,68090,68091],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,68093,68094],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,68096,68097],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68099,68100,68101,68103,68104,68106,68107,68109],{},"You usually do ",[185,68102,4926],{}," need ",[15,68105,54348],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68108,52732],{}," is simpler.",[20,68111,68112,68113,50],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[652,68114,57235],{"href":57234},[52,68116,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,68118,12986,68120,55549],{"id":68119},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68121,53991],{},[20,68123,68124,68125,50],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68126,4071],{},[1430,68128,68130],{"id":68129},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68132,68133],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1430,68135,5465,68137,68139],{"id":68136},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68138,53991],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68141,68142,68143,68145],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68144,53526],{}," or slicing.",[1430,68147,5475,68149,4688,68151,2151],{"id":68148},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68150,54348],{},[15,68152,52732],{},[20,68154,68155,68157,68158,68160],{},[15,68156,54348],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68159,52732],{}," adds only at the end.",[52,68162,2183],{"id":2182},[30,68164,68165,68171,68177,68181,68185,68189],{},[33,68166,68167],{},[652,68168,55600,68169,978],{"href":56849},[15,68170,52732],{},[33,68172,68173],{},[652,68174,55600,68175,978],{"href":53424},[15,68176,53526],{},[33,68178,68179],{},[652,68180,54358],{"href":53128},[33,68182,68183],{},[652,68184,52851],{"href":51058},[33,68186,68187],{},[652,68188,57309],{"href":57234},[33,68190,68191],{},[652,68192,30413,68193,33701],{"href":54376},[15,68194,68195],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2222,68197,68198],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":68200},[68201,68203,68204,68205,68211,68218,68227,68229,68238],{"id":66386,"depth":124,"text":68202},"What list.insert() does",{"id":658,"depth":124,"text":659},{"id":458,"depth":124,"text":459},{"id":66758,"depth":124,"text":66759,"children":68206},[68207,68208,68209,68210],{"id":66770,"depth":144,"text":66771},{"id":66861,"depth":144,"text":66862},{"id":66947,"depth":144,"text":66948},{"id":67033,"depth":144,"text":67034},{"id":67163,"depth":124,"text":68212,"children":68213},"insert() vs append()",[68214,68216],{"id":67173,"depth":144,"text":68215},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67186,"depth":144,"text":68217},"Use append() when:",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":68219},[68220,68222,68223,68225,68226],{"id":67387,"depth":144,"text":68221},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67557,"depth":144,"text":67558},{"id":67708,"depth":144,"text":68224},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67874,"depth":144,"text":67875},{"id":67977,"depth":144,"text":67978},{"id":68074,"depth":124,"text":68228},"When to use insert()",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":68230},[68231,68233,68234,68236],{"id":68119,"depth":144,"text":68232},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68129,"depth":144,"text":68130},{"id":68136,"depth":144,"text":68235},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68148,"depth":144,"text":68237},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66296,"description":68239},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68246,"title":68247,"body":68248,"description":69803,"extension":2260,"meta":69804,"navigation":147,"path":59054,"seo":69805,"stem":69806,"__hash__":69807},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68249,"toc":69776},[68250,68256,68265,68314,68316,68324,68330,68332,68350,68356,68361,68364,68367,68382,68384,68436,68438,68446,68454,68461,68463,68469,68534,68536,68544,68546,68565,68568,68619,68623,68628,68655,68657,68665,68668,68737,68739,68754,68760,68764,68773,68776,68831,68833,68841,68844,68846,68891,68893,68901,68907,68909,68917,68920,68922,68961,68963,69002,69007,69009,69011,69046,69049,69051,69089,69093,69099,69101,69152,69154,69162,69169,69172,69193,69196,69251,69262,69264,69325,69327,69336,69343,69349,69352,69355,69412,69415,69428,69435,69441,69447,69449,69462,69465,69562,69564,69581,69584,69666,69668,69690,69697,69703,69705,69709,69715,69721,69726,69730,69733,69739,69746,69748,69773],[10,68251,68253,68254,3954],{"id":68252},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68255,11445],{},[20,68257,68258,68259,68261,68262,68264],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68260,42436],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68263,42436],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[57,68266,68268],{"className":59,"code":68267,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68269,68270,68290,68304],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68271,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286,68288],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68273,1706],{"class":72},[66,68275,77],{"class":76},[66,68277,1711],{"class":80},[66,68279,2628],{"class":117},[66,68281,105],{"class":80},[66,68283,118],{"class":117},[66,68285,105],{"class":80},[66,68287,8088],{"class":117},[66,68289,240],{"class":80},[66,68291,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68293,41316],{"class":72},[66,68295,77],{"class":76},[66,68297,38459],{"class":154},[66,68299,158],{"class":80},[66,68301,1735],{"class":137},[66,68303,163],{"class":80},[66,68305,68306,68308,68310,68312],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,68307,155],{"class":154},[66,68309,158],{"class":80},[66,68311,41334],{"class":137},[66,68313,163],{"class":80},[20,68315,187],{},[57,68317,68318],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68319,68320],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68321,68322],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68323,46694],{"class":117},[20,68325,243,68326,68329],{},[15,68327,68328],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[52,68331,15437],{"id":15436},[30,68333,68334,68339,68344,68347],{},[33,68335,4492,68336,68338],{},[15,68337,42436],{}," works with Python lists",[33,68340,68341,68342,2108],{},"What value ",[15,68343,42436],{},[33,68345,68346],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,68348,68349],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[52,68351,250,68353,68355],{"id":68352},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68354,42436],{}," returns for a list",[20,68357,68358,65168],{},[15,68359,68360],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68362,68363],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68365,68366],{},"A few important points:",[30,68368,68369,68372,68377],{},[33,68370,68371],{},"It counts list items",[33,68373,40980,68374,68376],{},[185,68375,4926],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,68378,68379,68380],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68381,2021],{},[20,68383,281],{},[57,68385,68387],{"className":59,"code":68386,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68388,68389,68422],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68390,68391,68393,68395,68397,68399,68401,68403,68405,68407,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68392,4363],{"class":72},[66,68394,77],{"class":76},[66,68396,1711],{"class":80},[66,68398,85],{"class":84},[66,68400,37119],{"class":88},[66,68402,85],{"class":84},[66,68404,105],{"class":80},[66,68406,97],{"class":84},[66,68408,68409],{"class":88},"elephant",[66,68411,85],{"class":84},[66,68413,105],{"class":80},[66,68415,97],{"class":84},[66,68417,58208],{"class":88},[66,68419,85],{"class":84},[66,68421,240],{"class":80},[66,68423,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68425,155],{"class":154},[66,68427,158],{"class":80},[66,68429,11445],{"class":154},[66,68431,158],{"class":80},[66,68433,4407],{"class":137},[66,68435,181],{"class":80},[20,68437,187],{},[57,68439,68440],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68441,68442],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68443,68444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68445,46694],{"class":117},[20,68447,21237,68448,68451,68452,65175],{},[15,68449,68450],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[185,68453,52736],{},[20,68455,68456,68457,50],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[652,68458,3870,68459,3803],{"href":42433},[15,68460,42436],{},[52,68462,459],{"id":458},[20,68464,68465,68466,68468],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68467,42436],{},", and print the result.",[57,68470,68472],{"className":59,"code":68471,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68473,68474,68506,68520,68524],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68475,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68477,13356],{"class":72},[66,68479,77],{"class":76},[66,68481,1711],{"class":80},[66,68483,85],{"class":84},[66,68485,13373],{"class":88},[66,68487,85],{"class":84},[66,68489,105],{"class":80},[66,68491,97],{"class":84},[66,68493,17716],{"class":88},[66,68495,85],{"class":84},[66,68497,105],{"class":80},[66,68499,97],{"class":84},[66,68501,13390],{"class":88},[66,68503,85],{"class":84},[66,68505,240],{"class":80},[66,68507,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68509,41316],{"class":72},[66,68511,77],{"class":76},[66,68513,38459],{"class":154},[66,68515,158],{"class":80},[66,68517,17763],{"class":137},[66,68519,163],{"class":80},[66,68521,68522],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,68523,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,68525,68526,68528,68530,68532],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,68527,155],{"class":154},[66,68529,158],{"class":80},[66,68531,41334],{"class":137},[66,68533,163],{"class":80},[20,68535,187],{},[57,68537,68538],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68539,68540],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68541,68542],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68543,46694],{"class":117},[20,68545,11965],{},[30,68547,68548,68553,68560],{},[33,68549,68550,68552],{},[15,68551,17763],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68554,68555,2695,68558],{},[15,68556,68557],{},"len(colors)",[15,68559,2360],{},[33,68561,68562,68563],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68564,41334],{},[20,68566,68567],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[57,68569,68571],{"className":59,"code":68570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68572,68573,68605],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68574,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68576,13356],{"class":72},[66,68578,77],{"class":76},[66,68580,1711],{"class":80},[66,68582,85],{"class":84},[66,68584,13373],{"class":88},[66,68586,85],{"class":84},[66,68588,105],{"class":80},[66,68590,97],{"class":84},[66,68592,17716],{"class":88},[66,68594,85],{"class":84},[66,68596,105],{"class":80},[66,68598,97],{"class":84},[66,68600,13390],{"class":88},[66,68602,85],{"class":84},[66,68604,240],{"class":80},[66,68606,68607,68609,68611,68613,68615,68617],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68608,155],{"class":154},[66,68610,158],{"class":80},[66,68612,11445],{"class":154},[66,68614,158],{"class":80},[66,68616,17763],{"class":137},[66,68618,181],{"class":80},[52,68620,68622],{"id":68621},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68624,68625,68626,50],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68627,2021],{},[57,68629,68631],{"className":59,"code":68630,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68632,68633,68641],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68634,68635,68637,68639],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68636,8073],{"class":72},[66,68638,77],{"class":76},[66,68640,8132],{"class":80},[66,68642,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68644,155],{"class":154},[66,68646,158],{"class":80},[66,68648,11445],{"class":154},[66,68650,158],{"class":80},[66,68652,8103],{"class":137},[66,68654,181],{"class":80},[20,68656,187],{},[57,68658,68659],{"className":59,"code":47329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68660,68661],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68662,68663],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68664,47329],{"class":117},[20,68666,68667],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[57,68669,68671],{"className":59,"code":68670,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68672,68673,68681,68685,68703,68717,68723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68674,68675,68677,68679],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68676,8073],{"class":72},[66,68678,77],{"class":76},[66,68680,8132],{"class":80},[66,68682,68683],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68684,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,68686,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,68688,7291],{"class":1060},[66,68690,38459],{"class":154},[66,68692,158],{"class":80},[66,68694,8103],{"class":137},[66,68696,3954],{"class":80},[66,68698,38469],{"class":76},[66,68700,4127],{"class":117},[66,68702,1133],{"class":80},[66,68704,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,68706,1081],{"class":154},[66,68708,158],{"class":80},[66,68710,8103],{"class":137},[66,68712,223],{"class":80},[66,68714,2021],{"class":117},[66,68716,218],{"class":80},[66,68718,68719,68721],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,68720,27498],{"class":1060},[66,68722,1133],{"class":80},[66,68724,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,68726,1081],{"class":154},[66,68728,158],{"class":80},[66,68730,85],{"class":84},[66,68732,51895],{"class":88},[66,68734,85],{"class":84},[66,68736,163],{"class":80},[20,68738,187],{},[57,68740,68742],{"className":59,"code":68741,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The list is empty\n",[15,68743,68744],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68745,68746,68748,68750,68752],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68747,2277],{"class":72},[66,68749,174],{"class":173},[66,68751,8389],{"class":76},[66,68753,8395],{"class":72},[20,68755,68756,68757,68759],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[652,68758,52851],{"href":51058}," is a good next step.",[52,68761,68763],{"id":68762},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68765,68766,68768,68769,68772],{},[15,68767,42436],{}," counts only the ",[185,68770,68771],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68774,68775],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[57,68777,68779],{"className":59,"code":68778,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68780,68781,68817],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68782,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68784,472],{"class":72},[66,68786,77],{"class":76},[66,68788,56374],{"class":80},[66,68790,1714],{"class":117},[66,68792,105],{"class":80},[66,68794,1719],{"class":117},[66,68796,18323],{"class":80},[66,68798,1711],{"class":80},[66,68800,2360],{"class":117},[66,68802,105],{"class":80},[66,68804,2755],{"class":117},[66,68806,18323],{"class":80},[66,68808,1711],{"class":80},[66,68810,2433],{"class":117},[66,68812,105],{"class":80},[66,68814,37716],{"class":117},[66,68816,53322],{"class":80},[66,68818,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68820,155],{"class":154},[66,68822,158],{"class":80},[66,68824,11445],{"class":154},[66,68826,158],{"class":80},[66,68828,535],{"class":137},[66,68830,181],{"class":80},[20,68832,187],{},[57,68834,68835],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68836,68837],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68838,68839],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68840,46694],{"class":117},[20,68842,68843],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68845,52159],{},[57,68847,68849],{"className":59,"code":68848,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68850,68851,68877],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68852,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68854,59554],{"class":72},[66,68856,77],{"class":76},[66,68858,1711],{"class":80},[66,68860,1714],{"class":117},[66,68862,105],{"class":80},[66,68864,1711],{"class":80},[66,68866,2354],{"class":117},[66,68868,105],{"class":80},[66,68870,1724],{"class":117},[66,68872,18323],{"class":80},[66,68874,2755],{"class":117},[66,68876,240],{"class":80},[66,68878,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68880,155],{"class":154},[66,68882,158],{"class":80},[66,68884,11445],{"class":154},[66,68886,158],{"class":80},[66,68888,59607],{"class":137},[66,68890,181],{"class":80},[20,68892,187],{},[57,68894,68895],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,68896,68897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68898,68899],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68900,46694],{"class":117},[20,68902,21237,68903,68906],{},[15,68904,68905],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[52,68908,4814],{"id":4813},[1430,68910,1848,68912,11376,68915],{"id":68911},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68913,68914],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68916,68360],{},[20,68918,68919],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68921,16918],{},[57,68923,68925],{"className":59,"code":68924,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68926,68927,68947],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68928,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68930,1706],{"class":72},[66,68932,77],{"class":76},[66,68934,1711],{"class":80},[66,68936,2628],{"class":117},[66,68938,105],{"class":80},[66,68940,118],{"class":117},[66,68942,105],{"class":80},[66,68944,8088],{"class":117},[66,68946,240],{"class":80},[66,68948,68949,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68950,155],{"class":154},[66,68952,158],{"class":80},[66,68954,1735],{"class":137},[66,68956,50],{"class":80},[66,68958,11445],{"class":137},[66,68960,345],{"class":80},[20,68962,695],{},[57,68964,68966],{"className":59,"code":68965,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68967,68968,68988],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,68969,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,68971,1706],{"class":72},[66,68973,77],{"class":76},[66,68975,1711],{"class":80},[66,68977,2628],{"class":117},[66,68979,105],{"class":80},[66,68981,118],{"class":117},[66,68983,105],{"class":80},[66,68985,8088],{"class":117},[66,68987,240],{"class":80},[66,68989,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,68991,155],{"class":154},[66,68993,158],{"class":80},[66,68995,11445],{"class":154},[66,68997,158],{"class":80},[66,68999,1735],{"class":137},[66,69001,181],{"class":80},[20,69003,69004,69006],{},[15,69005,42436],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1430,69008,1763],{"id":1762},[20,69010,16918],{},[57,69012,69014],{"className":59,"code":69013,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69015,69016,69036],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69017,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69019,1706],{"class":72},[66,69021,77],{"class":76},[66,69023,1711],{"class":80},[66,69025,2628],{"class":117},[66,69027,105],{"class":80},[66,69029,118],{"class":117},[66,69031,105],{"class":80},[66,69033,8088],{"class":117},[66,69035,240],{"class":80},[66,69037,69038,69040,69042,69044],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69039,155],{"class":154},[66,69041,158],{"class":80},[66,69043,11445],{"class":154},[66,69045,163],{"class":80},[20,69047,69048],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69050,695],{},[57,69052,69053],{"className":59,"code":68965,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,69054,69055,69075],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69056,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69058,1706],{"class":72},[66,69060,77],{"class":76},[66,69062,1711],{"class":80},[66,69064,2628],{"class":117},[66,69066,105],{"class":80},[66,69068,118],{"class":117},[66,69070,105],{"class":80},[66,69072,8088],{"class":117},[66,69074,240],{"class":80},[66,69076,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69078,155],{"class":154},[66,69080,158],{"class":80},[66,69082,11445],{"class":154},[66,69084,158],{"class":80},[66,69086,1735],{"class":137},[66,69088,181],{"class":80},[1430,69090,69092],{"id":69091},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69094,69095,69096,69098],{},"The length of a list is ",[185,69097,4926],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69100,281],{},[57,69102,69104],{"className":59,"code":69103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69105,69106,69138],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69107,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69109,36161],{"class":72},[66,69111,77],{"class":76},[66,69113,1711],{"class":80},[66,69115,85],{"class":84},[66,69117,652],{"class":88},[66,69119,85],{"class":84},[66,69121,105],{"class":80},[66,69123,97],{"class":84},[66,69125,1903],{"class":88},[66,69127,85],{"class":84},[66,69129,105],{"class":80},[66,69131,97],{"class":84},[66,69133,10027],{"class":88},[66,69135,85],{"class":84},[66,69137,240],{"class":80},[66,69139,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69141,155],{"class":154},[66,69143,158],{"class":80},[66,69145,11445],{"class":154},[66,69147,158],{"class":80},[66,69149,36214],{"class":137},[66,69151,181],{"class":80},[20,69153,187],{},[57,69155,69156],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,69157,69158],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69159,69160],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69161,46694],{"class":117},[20,69163,69164,69165,19223,69167,50],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69166,2354],{},[15,69168,2360],{},[20,69170,69171],{},"Indexes are:",[30,69173,69174,69181,69187],{},[33,69175,69176,69178,69179],{},[15,69177,2021],{}," for ",[15,69180,18357],{},[33,69182,69183,69178,69185],{},[15,69184,1714],{},[15,69186,65678],{},[33,69188,69189,69178,69191],{},[15,69190,2354],{},[15,69192,66564],{},[20,69194,69195],{},"So this causes an error:",[57,69197,69199],{"className":59,"code":69198,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69200,69201,69233],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69202,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69204,36161],{"class":72},[66,69206,77],{"class":76},[66,69208,1711],{"class":80},[66,69210,85],{"class":84},[66,69212,652],{"class":88},[66,69214,85],{"class":84},[66,69216,105],{"class":80},[66,69218,97],{"class":84},[66,69220,1903],{"class":88},[66,69222,85],{"class":84},[66,69224,105],{"class":80},[66,69226,97],{"class":84},[66,69228,10027],{"class":88},[66,69230,85],{"class":84},[66,69232,240],{"class":80},[66,69234,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247,69249],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69236,155],{"class":154},[66,69238,158],{"class":80},[66,69240,36214],{"class":137},[66,69242,223],{"class":80},[66,69244,11445],{"class":154},[66,69246,158],{"class":80},[66,69248,36214],{"class":137},[66,69250,10964],{"class":80},[20,69252,8788,69253,5079,69256,69258,69259,69261],{},[15,69254,69255],{},"len(letters)",[15,69257,2360],{},", and index ",[15,69260,2360],{}," does not exist.",[20,69263,19100],{},[57,69265,69267],{"className":59,"code":69266,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69268,69269,69301],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69270,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69272,36161],{"class":72},[66,69274,77],{"class":76},[66,69276,1711],{"class":80},[66,69278,85],{"class":84},[66,69280,652],{"class":88},[66,69282,85],{"class":84},[66,69284,105],{"class":80},[66,69286,97],{"class":84},[66,69288,1903],{"class":88},[66,69290,85],{"class":84},[66,69292,105],{"class":80},[66,69294,97],{"class":84},[66,69296,10027],{"class":88},[66,69298,85],{"class":84},[66,69300,240],{"class":80},[66,69302,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313,69315,69317,69319,69321,69323],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69304,155],{"class":154},[66,69306,158],{"class":80},[66,69308,36214],{"class":137},[66,69310,223],{"class":80},[66,69312,11445],{"class":154},[66,69314,158],{"class":80},[66,69316,36214],{"class":137},[66,69318,3954],{"class":80},[66,69320,2520],{"class":76},[66,69322,1896],{"class":117},[66,69324,218],{"class":80},[20,69326,187],{},[57,69328,69330],{"className":59,"code":69329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"c\n",[15,69331,69332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69333,69334],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69335,69329],{"class":72},[20,69337,69338,69339,50],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[652,69340,69342],{"href":69341},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1430,69344,1848,69346,69348],{"id":69345},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69347,42436],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69350,69351],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69353,69354],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[57,69356,69358],{"className":59,"code":69357,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69359,69360,69370,69384,69398],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69361,69362,69364,69366,69368],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69363,155],{"class":154},[66,69365,158],{"class":80},[66,69367,8632],{"class":137},[66,69369,163],{"class":80},[66,69371,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69373,155],{"class":154},[66,69375,158],{"class":80},[66,69377,11445],{"class":154},[66,69379,158],{"class":80},[66,69381,8632],{"class":137},[66,69383,181],{"class":80},[66,69385,69386,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,69387,155],{"class":154},[66,69389,158],{"class":80},[66,69391,912],{"class":173},[66,69393,158],{"class":80},[66,69395,8632],{"class":137},[66,69397,181],{"class":80},[66,69399,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,69401,155],{"class":154},[66,69403,158],{"class":80},[66,69405,8632],{"class":137},[66,69407,223],{"class":80},[66,69409,2021],{"class":117},[66,69411,218],{"class":80},[20,69413,69414],{},"These help you verify:",[30,69416,69417,69420,69422,69425],{},[33,69418,69419],{},"what the variable contains",[33,69421,60866],{},[33,69423,69424],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,69426,69427],{},"what the first item is",[20,69429,69430,69431,69434],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69432,69433],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[52,69436,1154,69438,69440],{"id":69437},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69439,42436],{}," with lists",[20,69442,69443,69444,69446],{},"You will often use ",[15,69445,42436],{}," in real programs.",[20,69448,9662],{},[30,69450,69451,69453,69456,69459],{},[33,69452,51849],{},[33,69454,69455],{},"Control loops",[33,69457,69458],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69460,69461],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69463,69464],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[57,69466,69468],{"className":59,"code":69467,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69469,69470,69490,69506,69510,69524,69538],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69471,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69473,2853],{"class":72},[66,69475,77],{"class":76},[66,69477,1711],{"class":80},[66,69479,1714],{"class":117},[66,69481,105],{"class":80},[66,69483,1719],{"class":117},[66,69485,105],{"class":80},[66,69487,1724],{"class":117},[66,69489,240],{"class":80},[66,69491,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69493,2881],{"class":72},[66,69495,77],{"class":76},[66,69497,1711],{"class":80},[66,69499,2628],{"class":117},[66,69501,105],{"class":80},[66,69503,118],{"class":117},[66,69505,240],{"class":80},[66,69507,69508],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,69509,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,69511,69512,69514,69516,69518,69520,69522],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,69513,155],{"class":154},[66,69515,158],{"class":80},[66,69517,11445],{"class":154},[66,69519,158],{"class":80},[66,69521,652],{"class":137},[66,69523,181],{"class":80},[66,69525,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,69527,155],{"class":154},[66,69529,158],{"class":80},[66,69531,11445],{"class":154},[66,69533,158],{"class":80},[66,69535,1903],{"class":137},[66,69537,181],{"class":80},[66,69539,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,69541,155],{"class":154},[66,69543,158],{"class":80},[66,69545,11445],{"class":154},[66,69547,158],{"class":80},[66,69549,652],{"class":137},[66,69551,3954],{"class":80},[66,69553,38469],{"class":76},[66,69555,38459],{"class":154},[66,69557,158],{"class":80},[66,69559,1903],{"class":137},[66,69561,181],{"class":80},[20,69563,187],{},[57,69565,69567],{"className":59,"code":69566,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69568,69569,69573,69577],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69570,69571],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69572,46694],{"class":117},[66,69574,69575],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69576,17328],{"class":117},[66,69578,69579],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,69580,4272],{"class":4146},[20,69582,69583],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[57,69585,69587],{"className":59,"code":69586,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69588,69589,69621,69625,69647],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69590,69591,69593,69595,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615,69617,69619],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69592,5290],{"class":72},[66,69594,77],{"class":76},[66,69596,1711],{"class":80},[66,69598,85],{"class":84},[66,69600,100],{"class":88},[66,69602,85],{"class":84},[66,69604,105],{"class":80},[66,69606,97],{"class":84},[66,69608,36011],{"class":88},[66,69610,85],{"class":84},[66,69612,105],{"class":80},[66,69614,97],{"class":84},[66,69616,36020],{"class":88},[66,69618,85],{"class":84},[66,69620,240],{"class":80},[66,69622,69623],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69624,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,69626,69627,69629,69632,69634,69636,69638,69640,69642,69644],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,69628,1061],{"class":1060},[66,69630,69631],{"class":72}," i ",[66,69633,1067],{"class":1060},[66,69635,54150],{"class":154},[66,69637,158],{"class":80},[66,69639,11445],{"class":154},[66,69641,158],{"class":80},[66,69643,5334],{"class":137},[66,69645,69646],{"class":80},")):\n",[66,69648,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69660,69662,69664],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,69650,1081],{"class":154},[66,69652,158],{"class":80},[66,69654,36225],{"class":137},[66,69656,105],{"class":80},[66,69658,69659],{"class":137}," names",[66,69661,223],{"class":80},[66,69663,36225],{"class":137},[66,69665,218],{"class":80},[20,69667,187],{},[57,69669,69670],{"className":59,"code":36069,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,69671,69672,69678,69684],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69673,69674,69676],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69675,2021],{"class":117},[66,69677,36078],{"class":72},[66,69679,69680,69682],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69681,1714],{"class":117},[66,69683,36085],{"class":72},[66,69685,69686,69688],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,69687,2354],{"class":117},[66,69689,36092],{"class":72},[20,69691,69692,69693,50],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[652,69694,69696],{"href":69695},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69698,69699,69700,69702],{},"You can also read ",[652,69701,51626],{"href":51625}," for a task-focused guide.",[52,69704,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,69706,69708],{"id":69707},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69710,243,69711,69714],{},[15,69712,69713],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1430,69716,5438,69718,12998],{"id":69717},"what-does-len-return",[15,69719,69720],{},"len([])",[20,69722,5443,69723,69725],{},[15,69724,2021],{}," because the list is empty.",[1430,69727,69729],{"id":69728},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69731,69732],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1430,69734,28393,69736,69738],{"id":69735},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69737,68914],{}," in Python?",[20,69740,30336,69741,8515,69743,69745],{},[15,69742,68360],{},[15,69744,42436],{}," is a built-in function.",[52,69747,2183],{"id":2182},[30,69749,69750,69756,69760,69764,69768],{},[33,69751,69752],{},[652,69753,3870,69754,3803],{"href":42433},[15,69755,42436],{},[33,69757,69758],{},[652,69759,52670],{"href":51625},[33,69761,69762],{},[652,69763,52851],{"href":51058},[33,69765,69766],{},[652,69767,69342],{"href":69341},[33,69769,69770],{},[652,69771,69772],{"href":69695},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2222,69774,69775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":69777},[69778,69779,69781,69782,69783,69784,69792,69794,69802],{"id":15436,"depth":124,"text":15437},{"id":68352,"depth":124,"text":69780},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":458,"depth":124,"text":459},{"id":68621,"depth":124,"text":68622},{"id":68762,"depth":124,"text":68763},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":69785},[69786,69788,69789,69790],{"id":68911,"depth":144,"text":69787},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":1762,"depth":144,"text":1763},{"id":69091,"depth":144,"text":69092},{"id":69345,"depth":144,"text":69791},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69437,"depth":124,"text":69793},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":69795},[69796,69797,69799,69800],{"id":69707,"depth":144,"text":69708},{"id":69717,"depth":144,"text":69798},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69728,"depth":144,"text":69729},{"id":69735,"depth":144,"text":69801},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68247,"description":69803},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69809,"title":69810,"body":69811,"description":71793,"extension":2260,"meta":71794,"navigation":147,"path":71795,"seo":71796,"stem":71797,"__hash__":71798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69812,"toc":71766},[69813,69816,69821,69824,69832,69845,69847,69912,69914,69936,69941,69945,69950,69958,69960,69970,69972,70053,70055,70085,70087,70106,70111,70128,70130,70214,70216,70246,70251,70255,70261,70345,70347,70377,70380,70384,70387,70478,70480,70518,70521,70606,70608,70638,70644,70651,70655,70660,70669,70671,70756,70758,70787,70790,70798,70802,70806,70815,70838,70840,70862,70864,70878,70880,70940,70944,70949,70988,70990,71007,71009,71019,71118,71123,71127,71132,71175,71177,71205,71207,71221,71296,71298,71320,71324,71327,71332,71343,71348,71356,71359,71430,71432,71457,71514,71516,71537,71546,71554,71559,71561,71566,71587,71590,71665,71668,71682,71689,71691,71695,71701,71705,71715,71719,71726,71730,71736,71738,71763],[10,69814,69810],{"id":69815},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69817,69818,69820],{},[15,69819,55162],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69822,69823],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69825,69826,69829],{},[33,69827,69828],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69830,69831],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69833,69834,69835,69837,69838,8997,69840,69844],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69836,13045],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69839,13045],{},[652,69841,69842],{"href":55152},[15,69843,55609],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[52,69846,55],{"id":54},[57,69848,69850],{"className":59,"code":69849,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69851,69852,69872,69887,69891,69902],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69853,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69855,1706],{"class":72},[66,69857,77],{"class":76},[66,69859,1711],{"class":80},[66,69861,2628],{"class":117},[66,69863,105],{"class":80},[66,69865,118],{"class":117},[66,69867,105],{"class":80},[66,69869,8088],{"class":117},[66,69871,240],{"class":80},[66,69873,69874,69877,69879,69881,69883,69885],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69875,69876],{"class":72},"last_item ",[66,69878,77],{"class":76},[66,69880,4557],{"class":72},[66,69882,50],{"class":80},[66,69884,26305],{"class":137},[66,69886,141],{"class":80},[66,69888,69889],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,69890,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,69892,69893,69895,69897,69900],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,69894,155],{"class":154},[66,69896,158],{"class":80},[66,69898,69899],{"class":137},"last_item",[66,69901,163],{"class":80},[66,69903,69904,69906,69908,69910],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,69905,155],{"class":154},[66,69907,158],{"class":80},[66,69909,1735],{"class":137},[66,69911,163],{"class":80},[20,69913,187],{},[57,69915,69917],{"className":59,"code":69916,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69918,69919,69924],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69920,69921],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69922,69923],{"class":117},"30\n",[66,69925,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,69927,223],{"class":80},[66,69929,2628],{"class":117},[66,69931,105],{"class":80},[66,69933,118],{"class":117},[66,69935,240],{"class":80},[20,69937,243,69938,69940],{},[15,69939,13045],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[52,69942,69944],{"id":69943},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69946,69947,69949],{},[15,69948,13045],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69951,69952,69955],{},[33,69953,69954],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69956,69957],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69959,43726],{},[30,69961,69962,69965,69968],{},[33,69963,69964],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69966,69967],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69969,52825],{},[20,69971,281],{},[57,69973,69975],{"className":59,"code":69974,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69976,69977,70009,70013,70028,70032,70043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,69978,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,69980,13356],{"class":72},[66,69982,77],{"class":76},[66,69984,1711],{"class":80},[66,69986,85],{"class":84},[66,69988,13373],{"class":88},[66,69990,85],{"class":84},[66,69992,105],{"class":80},[66,69994,97],{"class":84},[66,69996,17716],{"class":88},[66,69998,85],{"class":84},[66,70000,105],{"class":80},[66,70002,97],{"class":84},[66,70004,13390],{"class":88},[66,70006,85],{"class":84},[66,70008,240],{"class":80},[66,70010,70011],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70012,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70014,70015,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,70016,70017],{"class":72},"removed ",[66,70019,77],{"class":76},[66,70021,13404],{"class":72},[66,70023,50],{"class":80},[66,70025,26305],{"class":137},[66,70027,141],{"class":80},[66,70029,70030],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,70031,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70033,70034,70036,70038,70041],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,70035,155],{"class":154},[66,70037,158],{"class":80},[66,70039,70040],{"class":137},"removed",[66,70042,163],{"class":80},[66,70044,70045,70047,70049,70051],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,70046,155],{"class":154},[66,70048,158],{"class":80},[66,70050,17763],{"class":137},[66,70052,163],{"class":80},[20,70054,187],{},[57,70056,70058],{"className":59,"code":70057,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70059,70060,70065],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70061,70062],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70063,70064],{"class":72},"blue\n",[66,70066,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70068,223],{"class":80},[66,70070,202],{"class":84},[66,70072,13373],{"class":88},[66,70074,202],{"class":84},[66,70076,105],{"class":80},[66,70078,211],{"class":84},[66,70080,17716],{"class":88},[66,70082,202],{"class":84},[66,70084,240],{"class":80},[52,70086,2455],{"id":2454},[57,70088,70090],{"className":59,"code":70089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70091,70092],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70093,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102,70104],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70095,174],{"class":173},[66,70097,50],{"class":80},[66,70099,26305],{"class":137},[66,70101,199],{"class":80},[66,70103,35916],{"class":137},[66,70105,218],{"class":80},[20,70107,2277,70108,70110],{},[15,70109,35916],{}," is optional.",[30,70112,70113,70119,70125],{},[33,70114,70115,70116,70118],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70117,13045],{}," removes the last item",[33,70120,70121,70122,70124],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70123,13045],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,70126,70127],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70129,281],{},[57,70131,70133],{"className":59,"code":70132,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70134,70135,70167,70171,70190,70194,70204],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70136,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70138,36161],{"class":72},[66,70140,77],{"class":76},[66,70142,1711],{"class":80},[66,70144,85],{"class":84},[66,70146,652],{"class":88},[66,70148,85],{"class":84},[66,70150,105],{"class":80},[66,70152,97],{"class":84},[66,70154,1903],{"class":88},[66,70156,85],{"class":84},[66,70158,105],{"class":80},[66,70160,97],{"class":84},[66,70162,10027],{"class":88},[66,70164,85],{"class":84},[66,70166,240],{"class":80},[66,70168,70169],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70170,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70172,70173,70175,70177,70180,70182,70184,70186,70188],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,70174,28603],{"class":72},[66,70176,77],{"class":76},[66,70178,70179],{"class":72}," letters",[66,70181,50],{"class":80},[66,70183,26305],{"class":137},[66,70185,158],{"class":80},[66,70187,1714],{"class":117},[66,70189,163],{"class":80},[66,70191,70192],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,70193,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70195,70196,70198,70200,70202],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,70197,155],{"class":154},[66,70199,158],{"class":80},[66,70201,23563],{"class":137},[66,70203,163],{"class":80},[66,70205,70206,70208,70210,70212],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,70207,155],{"class":154},[66,70209,158],{"class":80},[66,70211,36214],{"class":137},[66,70213,163],{"class":80},[20,70215,187],{},[57,70217,70219],{"className":59,"code":70218,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70220,70221,70226],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70222,70223],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70224,70225],{"class":72},"b\n",[66,70227,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70229,223],{"class":80},[66,70231,202],{"class":84},[66,70233,652],{"class":88},[66,70235,202],{"class":84},[66,70237,105],{"class":80},[66,70239,211],{"class":84},[66,70241,10027],{"class":88},[66,70243,202],{"class":84},[66,70245,240],{"class":80},[20,70247,70248,70249,50],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[652,70250,52851],{"href":51058},[52,70252,70254],{"id":70253},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70256,70257,70258,70260],{},"When you call ",[15,70259,13045],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[57,70262,70264],{"className":59,"code":70263,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70265,70266,70301,70305,70320,70324,70335],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70267,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70279,70281,70283,70285,70288,70290,70292,70294,70297,70299],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70269,29963],{"class":72},[66,70271,77],{"class":76},[66,70273,1711],{"class":80},[66,70275,85],{"class":84},[66,70277,70278],{"class":88},"write",[66,70280,85],{"class":84},[66,70282,105],{"class":80},[66,70284,97],{"class":84},[66,70286,70287],{"class":88},"test",[66,70289,85],{"class":84},[66,70291,105],{"class":80},[66,70293,97],{"class":84},[66,70295,70296],{"class":88},"submit",[66,70298,85],{"class":84},[66,70300,240],{"class":80},[66,70302,70303],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70304,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70306,70307,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,70308,70309],{"class":72},"last_task ",[66,70311,77],{"class":76},[66,70313,30041],{"class":72},[66,70315,50],{"class":80},[66,70317,26305],{"class":137},[66,70319,141],{"class":80},[66,70321,70322],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,70323,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70325,70326,70328,70330,70333],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,70327,155],{"class":154},[66,70329,158],{"class":80},[66,70331,70332],{"class":137},"last_task",[66,70334,163],{"class":80},[66,70336,70337,70339,70341,70343],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,70338,155],{"class":154},[66,70340,158],{"class":80},[66,70342,36577],{"class":137},[66,70344,163],{"class":80},[20,70346,187],{},[57,70348,70350],{"className":59,"code":70349,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70351,70352,70357],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70353,70354],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70355,70356],{"class":72},"submit\n",[66,70358,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70360,223],{"class":80},[66,70362,202],{"class":84},[66,70364,70278],{"class":88},[66,70366,202],{"class":84},[66,70368,105],{"class":80},[66,70370,211],{"class":84},[66,70372,70287],{"class":88},[66,70374,202],{"class":84},[66,70376,240],{"class":80},[20,70378,70379],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[52,70381,70383],{"id":70382},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70385,70386],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[57,70388,70390],{"className":59,"code":70389,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70391,70392,70432,70436,70454,70458,70468],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70393,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70395,36310],{"class":72},[66,70397,77],{"class":76},[66,70399,1711],{"class":80},[66,70401,85],{"class":84},[66,70403,4372],{"class":88},[66,70405,85],{"class":84},[66,70407,105],{"class":80},[66,70409,97],{"class":84},[66,70411,4381],{"class":88},[66,70413,85],{"class":84},[66,70415,105],{"class":80},[66,70417,97],{"class":84},[66,70419,4390],{"class":88},[66,70421,85],{"class":84},[66,70423,105],{"class":80},[66,70425,97],{"class":84},[66,70427,33288],{"class":88},[66,70429,85],{"class":84},[66,70431,240],{"class":80},[66,70433,70434],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70435,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70437,70438,70440,70442,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,70439,70017],{"class":72},[66,70441,77],{"class":76},[66,70443,52931],{"class":72},[66,70445,50],{"class":80},[66,70447,26305],{"class":137},[66,70449,158],{"class":80},[66,70451,1714],{"class":117},[66,70453,163],{"class":80},[66,70455,70456],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,70457,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70459,70460,70462,70464,70466],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,70461,155],{"class":154},[66,70463,158],{"class":80},[66,70465,70040],{"class":137},[66,70467,163],{"class":80},[66,70469,70470,70472,70474,70476],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,70471,155],{"class":154},[66,70473,158],{"class":80},[66,70475,36362],{"class":137},[66,70477,163],{"class":80},[20,70479,187],{},[57,70481,70483],{"className":59,"code":70482,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70484,70485,70490],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70486,70487],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70488,70489],{"class":72},"banana\n",[66,70491,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70493,223],{"class":80},[66,70495,202],{"class":84},[66,70497,4372],{"class":88},[66,70499,202],{"class":84},[66,70501,105],{"class":80},[66,70503,211],{"class":84},[66,70505,4390],{"class":88},[66,70507,202],{"class":84},[66,70509,105],{"class":80},[66,70511,211],{"class":84},[66,70513,33288],{"class":88},[66,70515,202],{"class":84},[66,70517,240],{"class":80},[20,70519,70520],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[57,70522,70524],{"className":59,"code":70523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70525,70526,70558,70562,70582,70586,70596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70527,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70529,36310],{"class":72},[66,70531,77],{"class":76},[66,70533,1711],{"class":80},[66,70535,85],{"class":84},[66,70537,4372],{"class":88},[66,70539,85],{"class":84},[66,70541,105],{"class":80},[66,70543,97],{"class":84},[66,70545,4381],{"class":88},[66,70547,85],{"class":84},[66,70549,105],{"class":80},[66,70551,97],{"class":84},[66,70553,4390],{"class":88},[66,70555,85],{"class":84},[66,70557,240],{"class":80},[66,70559,70560],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70561,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70563,70564,70566,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,70565,70017],{"class":72},[66,70567,77],{"class":76},[66,70569,52931],{"class":72},[66,70571,50],{"class":80},[66,70573,26305],{"class":137},[66,70575,158],{"class":80},[66,70577,2319],{"class":76},[66,70579,1714],{"class":117},[66,70581,163],{"class":80},[66,70583,70584],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,70585,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70587,70588,70590,70592,70594],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,70589,155],{"class":154},[66,70591,158],{"class":80},[66,70593,70040],{"class":137},[66,70595,163],{"class":80},[66,70597,70598,70600,70602,70604],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,70599,155],{"class":154},[66,70601,158],{"class":80},[66,70603,36362],{"class":137},[66,70605,163],{"class":80},[20,70607,187],{},[57,70609,70611],{"className":59,"code":70610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70612,70613,70618],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70614,70615],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70616,70617],{"class":72},"cherry\n",[66,70619,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628,70630,70632,70634,70636],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70621,223],{"class":80},[66,70623,202],{"class":84},[66,70625,4372],{"class":88},[66,70627,202],{"class":84},[66,70629,105],{"class":80},[66,70631,211],{"class":84},[66,70633,4381],{"class":88},[66,70635,202],{"class":84},[66,70637,240],{"class":80},[20,70639,70640,70641,70643],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70642,65937],{}," means the last item.",[20,70645,70646,70647,50],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[652,70648,70649,978],{"href":59046},[15,70650,64948],{},[52,70652,70654],{"id":70653},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70656,70657,70659],{},[15,70658,13045],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70661,70662,70663,4688,70665,50],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70664,13045],{},[652,70666,70667],{"href":55152},[15,70668,55609],{},[20,70670,281],{},[57,70672,70674],{"className":59,"code":70673,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70675,70676,70708,70712,70731,70735,70746],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70677,70678,70680,70682,70684,70686,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70679,5290],{"class":72},[66,70681,77],{"class":76},[66,70683,1711],{"class":80},[66,70685,85],{"class":84},[66,70687,100],{"class":88},[66,70689,85],{"class":84},[66,70691,105],{"class":80},[66,70693,97],{"class":84},[66,70695,36011],{"class":88},[66,70697,85],{"class":84},[66,70699,105],{"class":80},[66,70701,97],{"class":84},[66,70703,36020],{"class":88},[66,70705,85],{"class":84},[66,70707,240],{"class":80},[66,70709,70710],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70711,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70713,70714,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,70715,70716],{"class":72},"removed_name ",[66,70718,77],{"class":76},[66,70720,69659],{"class":72},[66,70722,50],{"class":80},[66,70724,26305],{"class":137},[66,70726,158],{"class":80},[66,70728,2021],{"class":117},[66,70730,163],{"class":80},[66,70732,70733],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,70734,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70736,70737,70739,70741,70744],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,70738,155],{"class":154},[66,70740,158],{"class":80},[66,70742,70743],{"class":137},"removed_name",[66,70745,163],{"class":80},[66,70747,70748,70750,70752,70754],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,70749,155],{"class":154},[66,70751,158],{"class":80},[66,70753,5334],{"class":137},[66,70755,163],{"class":80},[20,70757,187],{},[57,70759,70761],{"className":59,"code":70760,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70762,70763,70767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70764,70765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70766,50118],{"class":72},[66,70768,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70770,223],{"class":80},[66,70772,202],{"class":84},[66,70774,36011],{"class":88},[66,70776,202],{"class":84},[66,70778,105],{"class":80},[66,70780,211],{"class":84},[66,70782,36020],{"class":88},[66,70784,202],{"class":84},[66,70786,240],{"class":80},[20,70788,70789],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70791,70792,70793,70795,70796,50],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70794,55609],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70797,4071],{},[52,70799,70801],{"id":70800},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1430,70803,70805],{"id":70804},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70807,70808,70809,70811,70812,50],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70810,13045],{}," raises an ",[15,70813,70814],{},"IndexError",[57,70816,70818],{"className":59,"code":70817,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70819,70820,70828],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70821,70822,70824,70826],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70823,8073],{"class":72},[66,70825,77],{"class":76},[66,70827,8132],{"class":80},[66,70829,70830,70832,70834,70836],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70831,8103],{"class":72},[66,70833,50],{"class":80},[66,70835,26305],{"class":137},[66,70837,141],{"class":80},[20,70839,187],{},[57,70841,70843],{"className":59,"code":70842,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70844,70845],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70846,70847,70849,70851,70854,70857,70860],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70848,70814],{"class":173},[66,70850,94],{"class":80},[66,70852,70853],{"class":72}," pop ",[66,70855,70856],{"class":1060},"from",[66,70858,70859],{"class":72}," empty ",[66,70861,49964],{"class":173},[20,70863,39335],{},[30,70865,70866,70871],{},[33,70867,70868,70869],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70870,13045],{},[33,70872,70873,70874,4688,70876],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70875,29869],{},[15,70877,29900],{},[20,70879,281],{},[57,70881,70883],{"className":59,"code":70882,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70884,70885,70893,70897,70905,70919,70925],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70886,70887,70889,70891],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70888,8073],{"class":72},[66,70890,77],{"class":76},[66,70892,8132],{"class":80},[66,70894,70895],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70896,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,70898,70899,70901,70903],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,70900,7291],{"class":1060},[66,70902,6258],{"class":72},[66,70904,1133],{"class":80},[66,70906,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,70908,1081],{"class":154},[66,70910,158],{"class":80},[66,70912,8103],{"class":137},[66,70914,50],{"class":80},[66,70916,26305],{"class":137},[66,70918,345],{"class":80},[66,70920,70921,70923],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,70922,27498],{"class":1060},[66,70924,1133],{"class":80},[66,70926,70927,70929,70931,70933,70936,70938],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,70928,1081],{"class":154},[66,70930,158],{"class":80},[66,70932,85],{"class":84},[66,70934,70935],{"class":88},"The list is empty.",[66,70937,85],{"class":84},[66,70939,163],{"class":80},[1430,70941,70943],{"id":70942},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70945,70946,70947,50],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70948,70814],{},[57,70950,70952],{"className":59,"code":70951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70953,70954,70974],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70955,70956,70958,70960,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70957,1706],{"class":72},[66,70959,77],{"class":76},[66,70961,1711],{"class":80},[66,70963,2628],{"class":117},[66,70965,105],{"class":80},[66,70967,118],{"class":117},[66,70969,105],{"class":80},[66,70971,8088],{"class":117},[66,70973,240],{"class":80},[66,70975,70976,70978,70980,70982,70984,70986],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,70977,1735],{"class":72},[66,70979,50],{"class":80},[66,70981,26305],{"class":137},[66,70983,158],{"class":80},[66,70985,2433],{"class":117},[66,70987,163],{"class":80},[20,70989,187],{},[57,70991,70993],{"className":59,"code":70992,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70994,70995],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,70996,70997,70999,71001,71004],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,70998,70814],{"class":173},[66,71000,94],{"class":80},[66,71002,71003],{"class":72}," pop index out of ",[66,71005,71006],{"class":154},"range\n",[20,71008,39335],{},[30,71010,71011,71016],{},[33,71012,71013,71014],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71015,42436],{},[33,71017,71018],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[57,71020,71022],{"className":59,"code":71021,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71023,71024,71044,71053,71057,71079,71097,71103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71025,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71027,1706],{"class":72},[66,71029,77],{"class":76},[66,71031,1711],{"class":80},[66,71033,2628],{"class":117},[66,71035,105],{"class":80},[66,71037,118],{"class":117},[66,71039,105],{"class":80},[66,71041,8088],{"class":117},[66,71043,240],{"class":80},[66,71045,71046,71049,71051],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71047,71048],{"class":72},"index ",[66,71050,77],{"class":76},[66,71052,45666],{"class":117},[66,71054,71055],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,71056,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,71058,71059,71061,71063,71066,71069,71071,71073,71075,71077],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,71060,7291],{"class":1060},[66,71062,4127],{"class":117},[66,71064,71065],{"class":76}," \u003C=",[66,71067,71068],{"class":72}," index ",[66,71070,954],{"class":76},[66,71072,38459],{"class":154},[66,71074,158],{"class":80},[66,71076,1735],{"class":137},[66,71078,8635],{"class":80},[66,71080,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,71082,1081],{"class":154},[66,71084,158],{"class":80},[66,71086,1735],{"class":137},[66,71088,50],{"class":80},[66,71090,26305],{"class":137},[66,71092,158],{"class":80},[66,71094,35916],{"class":137},[66,71096,181],{"class":80},[66,71098,71099,71101],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,71100,27498],{"class":1060},[66,71102,1133],{"class":80},[66,71104,71105,71107,71109,71111,71114,71116],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,71106,1081],{"class":154},[66,71108,158],{"class":80},[66,71110,85],{"class":84},[66,71112,71113],{"class":88},"Index is out of range.",[66,71115,85],{"class":84},[66,71117,163],{"class":80},[20,71119,71120,71121,50],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[652,71122,69342],{"href":69341},[1430,71124,71126],{"id":71125},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71128,71129,71131],{},[15,71130,13045],{}," expects an integer index.",[57,71133,71135],{"className":59,"code":71134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71136,71137,71157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71138,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71140,1706],{"class":72},[66,71142,77],{"class":76},[66,71144,1711],{"class":80},[66,71146,2628],{"class":117},[66,71148,105],{"class":80},[66,71150,118],{"class":117},[66,71152,105],{"class":80},[66,71154,8088],{"class":117},[66,71156,240],{"class":80},[66,71158,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71160,1735],{"class":72},[66,71162,50],{"class":80},[66,71164,26305],{"class":137},[66,71166,158],{"class":80},[66,71168,85],{"class":84},[66,71170,1714],{"class":88},[66,71172,85],{"class":84},[66,71174,163],{"class":80},[20,71176,187],{},[57,71178,71180],{"className":59,"code":71179,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71181,71182],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71183,71184,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196,71199,71202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71185,3302],{"class":173},[66,71187,94],{"class":80},[66,71189,211],{"class":84},[66,71191,3737],{"class":88},[66,71193,202],{"class":84},[66,71195,641],{"class":173},[66,71197,71198],{"class":72}," cannot be interpreted ",[66,71200,71201],{"class":1060},"as",[66,71203,71204],{"class":72}," an integer\n",[20,71206,39335],{},[30,71208,71209,71218],{},[33,71210,71211,71212,2487,71214,2491,71216],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71213,2021],{},[15,71215,1714],{},[15,71217,65937],{},[33,71219,71220],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[57,71222,71224],{"className":59,"code":71223,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71225,71226,71246,71264,71268,71286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71227,71228,71230,71232,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71229,1706],{"class":72},[66,71231,77],{"class":76},[66,71233,1711],{"class":80},[66,71235,2628],{"class":117},[66,71237,105],{"class":80},[66,71239,118],{"class":117},[66,71241,105],{"class":80},[66,71243,8088],{"class":117},[66,71245,240],{"class":80},[66,71247,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260,71262],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71249,71048],{"class":72},[66,71251,77],{"class":76},[66,71253,45353],{"class":173},[66,71255,158],{"class":80},[66,71257,85],{"class":84},[66,71259,1714],{"class":88},[66,71261,85],{"class":84},[66,71263,163],{"class":80},[66,71265,71266],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,71267,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,71269,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282,71284],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,71271,155],{"class":154},[66,71273,158],{"class":80},[66,71275,1735],{"class":137},[66,71277,50],{"class":80},[66,71279,26305],{"class":137},[66,71281,158],{"class":80},[66,71283,35916],{"class":137},[66,71285,181],{"class":80},[66,71287,71288,71290,71292,71294],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,71289,155],{"class":154},[66,71291,158],{"class":80},[66,71293,1735],{"class":137},[66,71295,163],{"class":80},[20,71297,187],{},[57,71299,71301],{"className":59,"code":71300,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71302,71303,71308],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71304,71305],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71306,71307],{"class":117},"20\n",[66,71309,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71311,223],{"class":80},[66,71313,2628],{"class":117},[66,71315,105],{"class":80},[66,71317,8088],{"class":117},[66,71319,240],{"class":80},[52,71321,71323],{"id":71322},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71325,71326],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1430,71328,243,71330,1161],{"id":71329},"use-pop-when",[15,71331,13045],{},[30,71333,71334,71337,71340],{},[33,71335,71336],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,71338,71339],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,71341,71342],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1430,71344,243,71346,1161],{"id":71345},"use-remove-when",[15,71347,55609],{},[30,71349,71350,71353],{},[33,71351,71352],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,71354,71355],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71357,71358],{},"Compare these examples:",[57,71360,71362],{"className":59,"code":71361,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71363,71364,71388,71392,71410,71420],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71365,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71367,1706],{"class":72},[66,71369,77],{"class":76},[66,71371,1711],{"class":80},[66,71373,2628],{"class":117},[66,71375,105],{"class":80},[66,71377,118],{"class":117},[66,71379,105],{"class":80},[66,71381,8088],{"class":117},[66,71383,105],{"class":80},[66,71385,118],{"class":117},[66,71387,240],{"class":80},[66,71389,71390],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71391,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,71393,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,71395,70017],{"class":72},[66,71397,77],{"class":76},[66,71399,4557],{"class":72},[66,71401,50],{"class":80},[66,71403,26305],{"class":137},[66,71405,158],{"class":80},[66,71407,1714],{"class":117},[66,71409,163],{"class":80},[66,71411,71412,71414,71416,71418],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,71413,155],{"class":154},[66,71415,158],{"class":80},[66,71417,70040],{"class":137},[66,71419,163],{"class":80},[66,71421,71422,71424,71426,71428],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,71423,155],{"class":154},[66,71425,158],{"class":80},[66,71427,1735],{"class":137},[66,71429,163],{"class":80},[20,71431,187],{},[57,71433,71435],{"className":59,"code":71434,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71436,71437,71441],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71438,71439],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71440,71307],{"class":117},[66,71442,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71444,223],{"class":80},[66,71446,2628],{"class":117},[66,71448,105],{"class":80},[66,71450,8088],{"class":117},[66,71452,105],{"class":80},[66,71454,118],{"class":117},[66,71456,240],{"class":80},[57,71458,71460],{"className":59,"code":71459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71461,71462,71486,71490,71504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71463,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71465,1706],{"class":72},[66,71467,77],{"class":76},[66,71469,1711],{"class":80},[66,71471,2628],{"class":117},[66,71473,105],{"class":80},[66,71475,118],{"class":117},[66,71477,105],{"class":80},[66,71479,8088],{"class":117},[66,71481,105],{"class":80},[66,71483,118],{"class":117},[66,71485,240],{"class":80},[66,71487,71488],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71489,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,71491,71492,71494,71496,71498,71500,71502],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,71493,1735],{"class":72},[66,71495,50],{"class":80},[66,71497,34863],{"class":137},[66,71499,158],{"class":80},[66,71501,16028],{"class":117},[66,71503,163],{"class":80},[66,71505,71506,71508,71510,71512],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,71507,155],{"class":154},[66,71509,158],{"class":80},[66,71511,1735],{"class":137},[66,71513,163],{"class":80},[20,71515,187],{},[57,71517,71519],{"className":59,"code":71518,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71520,71521],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71522,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71524,223],{"class":80},[66,71526,2628],{"class":117},[66,71528,105],{"class":80},[66,71530,8088],{"class":117},[66,71532,105],{"class":80},[66,71534,118],{"class":117},[66,71536,240],{"class":80},[20,71538,71539,71540,71543,71544,50],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71541,71542],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71545,1714],{},[20,71547,56685,71548,71551,71552,50],{},[15,71549,71550],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71553,16028],{},[20,71555,71556,71557,50],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[652,71558,55148],{"href":55147},[52,71560,1838],{"id":1837},[20,71562,71563,71564,94],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71565,13045],{},[30,71567,71568,71571,71574,71580,71584],{},[33,71569,71570],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71572,71573],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71575,37276,71576,8997,71578],{},[15,71577,13045],{},[15,71579,55609],{},[33,71581,1433,71582,62054],{},[15,71583,13045],{},[33,71585,71586],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71588,71589],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[57,71591,71593],{"className":59,"code":71592,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71594,71595,71605,71619,71633,71651],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71596,71597,71599,71601,71603],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71598,155],{"class":154},[66,71600,158],{"class":80},[66,71602,8632],{"class":137},[66,71604,163],{"class":80},[66,71606,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71608,155],{"class":154},[66,71610,158],{"class":80},[66,71612,11445],{"class":154},[66,71614,158],{"class":80},[66,71616,8632],{"class":137},[66,71618,181],{"class":80},[66,71620,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,71622,155],{"class":154},[66,71624,158],{"class":80},[66,71626,8632],{"class":137},[66,71628,50],{"class":80},[66,71630,26305],{"class":137},[66,71632,345],{"class":80},[66,71634,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,71636,155],{"class":154},[66,71638,158],{"class":80},[66,71640,8632],{"class":137},[66,71642,50],{"class":80},[66,71644,26305],{"class":137},[66,71646,158],{"class":80},[66,71648,2021],{"class":117},[66,71650,181],{"class":80},[66,71652,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,71654,155],{"class":154},[66,71656,158],{"class":80},[66,71658,912],{"class":173},[66,71660,158],{"class":80},[66,71662,35916],{"class":137},[66,71664,181],{"class":80},[20,71666,71667],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71669,71670,71676],{},[33,71671,71672,71675],{},[15,71673,71674],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71677,71678,71681],{},[15,71679,71680],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71683,71684,71685,71688],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71686,71687],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[52,71690,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,71692,71694],{"id":71693},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71696,71697,71698,71700],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71699,13045],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1430,71702,71704],{"id":71703},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71706,71707,71709,71710,71712,71713,50],{},[15,71708,13045],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71711,55609],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71714,4071],{},[1430,71716,71718],{"id":71717},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71720,71721,71722,71725],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71723,71724],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1430,71727,71729],{"id":71728},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71731,71732,71733,71735],{},"Python raises ",[15,71734,70814],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[52,71737,2183],{"id":2182},[30,71739,71740,71744,71749,71754,71759],{},[33,71741,71742],{},[652,71743,55595],{"href":55147},[33,71745,71746],{},[652,71747,71748],{"href":55152},"Python list remove() method",[33,71750,71751],{},[652,71752,71753],{"href":59046},"Python list index() method",[33,71755,71756],{},[652,71757,71758],{"href":51058},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71760,71761],{},[652,71762,69342],{"href":69341},[2222,71764,71765],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":71767},[71768,71769,71770,71771,71772,71773,71774,71779,71785,71786,71792],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":69943,"depth":124,"text":69944},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":70253,"depth":124,"text":70254},{"id":70382,"depth":124,"text":70383},{"id":70653,"depth":124,"text":70654},{"id":70800,"depth":124,"text":70801,"children":71775},[71776,71777,71778],{"id":70804,"depth":144,"text":70805},{"id":70942,"depth":144,"text":70943},{"id":71125,"depth":144,"text":71126},{"id":71322,"depth":124,"text":71323,"children":71780},[71781,71783],{"id":71329,"depth":144,"text":71782},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71345,"depth":144,"text":71784},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":71787},[71788,71789,71790,71791],{"id":71693,"depth":144,"text":71694},{"id":71703,"depth":144,"text":71704},{"id":71717,"depth":144,"text":71718},{"id":71728,"depth":144,"text":71729},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69810,"description":71793},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71800,"title":71801,"body":71802,"description":73588,"extension":2260,"meta":73589,"navigation":147,"path":73590,"seo":73591,"stem":73592,"__hash__":73593},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71803,"toc":73570},[71804,71807,71812,71818,71820,71890,71896,71900,71905,71926,71929,71996,71998,72019,72027,72029,72048,72064,72066,72131,72133,72158,72160,72162,72227,72229,72254,72256,72270,72273,72326,72328,72349,72353,72361,72434,72436,72469,72475,72481,72572,72574,72599,72605,72694,72696,72720,72722,72726,72781,72783,72815,72818,72821,72915,72917,72950,72956,72962,72966,72973,72999,73003,73068,73070,73095,73099,73180,73182,73211,73216,73221,73227,73231,73238,73260,73264,73323,73325,73349,73358,73363,73365,73369,73398,73400,73475,73478,73492,73498,73500,73504,73507,73511,73516,73520,73529,73533,73541,73543,73567],[10,71805,71801],{"id":71806},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71808,2277,71809,71811],{},[15,71810,55155],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71813,71814,71815,71817],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[185,71816,2771],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[52,71819,55],{"id":54},[57,71821,71823],{"className":59,"code":71822,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71824,71825,71857,71875,71885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71826,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71828,8073],{"class":72},[66,71830,77],{"class":76},[66,71832,1711],{"class":80},[66,71834,85],{"class":84},[66,71836,4372],{"class":88},[66,71838,85],{"class":84},[66,71840,105],{"class":80},[66,71842,97],{"class":84},[66,71844,4381],{"class":88},[66,71846,85],{"class":84},[66,71848,105],{"class":80},[66,71850,97],{"class":84},[66,71852,33288],{"class":88},[66,71854,85],{"class":84},[66,71856,240],{"class":80},[66,71858,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71860,8103],{"class":72},[66,71862,50],{"class":80},[66,71864,34863],{"class":137},[66,71866,158],{"class":80},[66,71868,85],{"class":84},[66,71870,4381],{"class":88},[66,71872,85],{"class":84},[66,71874,163],{"class":80},[66,71876,71877,71879,71881,71883],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,71878,155],{"class":154},[66,71880,158],{"class":80},[66,71882,8103],{"class":137},[66,71884,163],{"class":80},[66,71886,71887],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,71888,71889],{"class":1945},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71891,243,71892,71895],{},[15,71893,71894],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[52,71897,71899],{"id":71898},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71901,71902,71904],{},[15,71903,55609],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71906,71907,71913,71918,71923],{},[33,71908,71909,71910,71912],{},"Deletes the ",[185,71911,29974],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71914,71915,71916],{},"Changes the original list ",[185,71917,11616],{},[33,71919,12986,71920,71922],{},[185,71921,4926],{}," return a new list",[33,71924,71925],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71927,71928],{},"This is important for beginners:",[57,71930,71932],{"className":59,"code":71931,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71933,71934,71954,71972,71976,71986],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,71935,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,71937,1706],{"class":72},[66,71939,77],{"class":76},[66,71941,1711],{"class":80},[66,71943,1714],{"class":117},[66,71945,105],{"class":80},[66,71947,1719],{"class":117},[66,71949,105],{"class":80},[66,71951,1724],{"class":117},[66,71953,240],{"class":80},[66,71955,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,71957,877],{"class":72},[66,71959,77],{"class":76},[66,71961,4557],{"class":72},[66,71963,50],{"class":80},[66,71965,34863],{"class":137},[66,71967,158],{"class":80},[66,71969,2354],{"class":117},[66,71971,163],{"class":80},[66,71973,71974],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,71975,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,71977,71978,71980,71982,71984],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,71979,155],{"class":154},[66,71981,158],{"class":80},[66,71983,1735],{"class":137},[66,71985,163],{"class":80},[66,71987,71988,71990,71992,71994],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,71989,155],{"class":154},[66,71991,158],{"class":80},[66,71993,901],{"class":137},[66,71995,163],{"class":80},[20,71997,187],{},[57,71999,72001],{"className":59,"code":72000,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72002,72003,72015],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72004,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72006,223],{"class":80},[66,72008,1714],{"class":117},[66,72010,105],{"class":80},[66,72012,1724],{"class":117},[66,72014,240],{"class":80},[66,72016,72017],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72018,12089],{"class":4146},[20,72020,72021,72022,72024,72025,50],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72023,55609],{}," itself returned ",[15,72026,4071],{},[52,72028,659],{"id":658},[57,72030,72032],{"className":59,"code":72031,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72033,72034],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72035,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72037,174],{"class":173},[66,72039,50],{"class":80},[66,72041,34863],{"class":137},[66,72043,158],{"class":80},[66,72045,2771],{"class":137},[66,72047,163],{"class":80},[30,72049,72050,72055,72058],{},[33,72051,72052,72054],{},[15,72053,2771],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,72056,72057],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,72059,72060,72061,72063],{},"Only the ",[185,72062,29974],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72065,281],{},[57,72067,72069],{"className":59,"code":72068,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72070,72071,72103,72121],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72072,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72074,36161],{"class":72},[66,72076,77],{"class":76},[66,72078,1711],{"class":80},[66,72080,85],{"class":84},[66,72082,652],{"class":88},[66,72084,85],{"class":84},[66,72086,105],{"class":80},[66,72088,97],{"class":84},[66,72090,1903],{"class":88},[66,72092,85],{"class":84},[66,72094,105],{"class":80},[66,72096,97],{"class":84},[66,72098,10027],{"class":88},[66,72100,85],{"class":84},[66,72102,240],{"class":80},[66,72104,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72106,36214],{"class":72},[66,72108,50],{"class":80},[66,72110,34863],{"class":137},[66,72112,158],{"class":80},[66,72114,85],{"class":84},[66,72116,1903],{"class":88},[66,72118,85],{"class":84},[66,72120,163],{"class":80},[66,72122,72123,72125,72127,72129],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,72124,155],{"class":154},[66,72126,158],{"class":80},[66,72128,36214],{"class":137},[66,72130,163],{"class":80},[20,72132,187],{},[57,72134,72136],{"className":59,"code":72135,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72137,72138],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72139,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72141,223],{"class":80},[66,72143,202],{"class":84},[66,72145,652],{"class":88},[66,72147,202],{"class":84},[66,72149,105],{"class":80},[66,72151,211],{"class":84},[66,72153,10027],{"class":88},[66,72155,202],{"class":84},[66,72157,240],{"class":80},[52,72159,459],{"id":458},[20,72161,65257],{},[57,72163,72165],{"className":59,"code":72164,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72166,72167,72199,72217],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72168,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72170,13356],{"class":72},[66,72172,77],{"class":76},[66,72174,1711],{"class":80},[66,72176,85],{"class":84},[66,72178,13373],{"class":88},[66,72180,85],{"class":84},[66,72182,105],{"class":80},[66,72184,97],{"class":84},[66,72186,13390],{"class":88},[66,72188,85],{"class":84},[66,72190,105],{"class":80},[66,72192,97],{"class":84},[66,72194,17716],{"class":88},[66,72196,85],{"class":84},[66,72198,240],{"class":80},[66,72200,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211,72213,72215],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72202,17763],{"class":72},[66,72204,50],{"class":80},[66,72206,34863],{"class":137},[66,72208,158],{"class":80},[66,72210,85],{"class":84},[66,72212,13390],{"class":88},[66,72214,85],{"class":84},[66,72216,163],{"class":80},[66,72218,72219,72221,72223,72225],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,72220,155],{"class":154},[66,72222,158],{"class":80},[66,72224,17763],{"class":137},[66,72226,163],{"class":80},[20,72228,187],{},[57,72230,72232],{"className":59,"code":72231,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72233,72234],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72235,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72237,223],{"class":80},[66,72239,202],{"class":84},[66,72241,13373],{"class":88},[66,72243,202],{"class":84},[66,72245,105],{"class":80},[66,72247,211],{"class":84},[66,72249,17716],{"class":88},[66,72251,202],{"class":84},[66,72253,240],{"class":80},[20,72255,11965],{},[30,72257,72258,72261,72267],{},[33,72259,72260],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,72262,72263,72266],{},[15,72264,72265],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,72268,72269],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72271,72272],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[57,72274,72276],{"className":59,"code":72275,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72277,72278,72302,72316],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72279,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72281,5359],{"class":72},[66,72283,77],{"class":76},[66,72285,1711],{"class":80},[66,72287,2628],{"class":117},[66,72289,105],{"class":80},[66,72291,118],{"class":117},[66,72293,105],{"class":80},[66,72295,8088],{"class":117},[66,72297,105],{"class":80},[66,72299,50922],{"class":117},[66,72301,240],{"class":80},[66,72303,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72305,16663],{"class":72},[66,72307,50],{"class":80},[66,72309,34863],{"class":137},[66,72311,158],{"class":80},[66,72313,36913],{"class":117},[66,72315,163],{"class":80},[66,72317,72318,72320,72322,72324],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,72319,155],{"class":154},[66,72321,158],{"class":80},[66,72323,16663],{"class":137},[66,72325,163],{"class":80},[20,72327,187],{},[57,72329,72331],{"className":59,"code":72330,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72332,72333],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72334,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72336,223],{"class":80},[66,72338,2628],{"class":117},[66,72340,105],{"class":80},[66,72342,118],{"class":117},[66,72344,105],{"class":80},[66,72346,50922],{"class":117},[66,72348,240],{"class":80},[52,72350,72352],{"id":72351},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72354,65247,72355,72357,72358,72360],{},[15,72356,55609],{}," deletes only the ",[185,72359,29974],{}," one.",[57,72362,72364],{"className":59,"code":72363,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72365,72366,72406,72424],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72367,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72369,8073],{"class":72},[66,72371,77],{"class":76},[66,72373,1711],{"class":80},[66,72375,85],{"class":84},[66,72377,4372],{"class":88},[66,72379,85],{"class":84},[66,72381,105],{"class":80},[66,72383,97],{"class":84},[66,72385,4381],{"class":88},[66,72387,85],{"class":84},[66,72389,105],{"class":80},[66,72391,97],{"class":84},[66,72393,4372],{"class":88},[66,72395,85],{"class":84},[66,72397,105],{"class":80},[66,72399,97],{"class":84},[66,72401,33288],{"class":88},[66,72403,85],{"class":84},[66,72405,240],{"class":80},[66,72407,72408,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72409,8103],{"class":72},[66,72411,50],{"class":80},[66,72413,34863],{"class":137},[66,72415,158],{"class":80},[66,72417,85],{"class":84},[66,72419,4372],{"class":88},[66,72421,85],{"class":84},[66,72423,163],{"class":80},[66,72425,72426,72428,72430,72432],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,72427,155],{"class":154},[66,72429,158],{"class":80},[66,72431,8103],{"class":137},[66,72433,163],{"class":80},[20,72435,187],{},[57,72437,72439],{"className":59,"code":72438,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72440,72441],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72442,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72444,223],{"class":80},[66,72446,202],{"class":84},[66,72448,4381],{"class":88},[66,72450,202],{"class":84},[66,72452,105],{"class":80},[66,72454,211],{"class":84},[66,72456,4372],{"class":88},[66,72458,202],{"class":84},[66,72460,105],{"class":80},[66,72462,211],{"class":84},[66,72464,33288],{"class":88},[66,72466,202],{"class":84},[66,72468,240],{"class":80},[20,72470,72471,72472,72474],{},"Only the first ",[15,72473,57914],{}," was removed.",[20,72476,72477,72478,72480],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72479,55609],{}," again:",[57,72482,72484],{"className":59,"code":72483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72485,72486,72526,72544,72562],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72487,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520,72522,72524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72489,8073],{"class":72},[66,72491,77],{"class":76},[66,72493,1711],{"class":80},[66,72495,85],{"class":84},[66,72497,4372],{"class":88},[66,72499,85],{"class":84},[66,72501,105],{"class":80},[66,72503,97],{"class":84},[66,72505,4381],{"class":88},[66,72507,85],{"class":84},[66,72509,105],{"class":80},[66,72511,97],{"class":84},[66,72513,4372],{"class":88},[66,72515,85],{"class":84},[66,72517,105],{"class":80},[66,72519,97],{"class":84},[66,72521,33288],{"class":88},[66,72523,85],{"class":84},[66,72525,240],{"class":80},[66,72527,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72529,8103],{"class":72},[66,72531,50],{"class":80},[66,72533,34863],{"class":137},[66,72535,158],{"class":80},[66,72537,85],{"class":84},[66,72539,4372],{"class":88},[66,72541,85],{"class":84},[66,72543,163],{"class":80},[66,72545,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,72547,8103],{"class":72},[66,72549,50],{"class":80},[66,72551,34863],{"class":137},[66,72553,158],{"class":80},[66,72555,85],{"class":84},[66,72557,4372],{"class":88},[66,72559,85],{"class":84},[66,72561,163],{"class":80},[66,72563,72564,72566,72568,72570],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,72565,155],{"class":154},[66,72567,158],{"class":80},[66,72569,8103],{"class":137},[66,72571,163],{"class":80},[20,72573,187],{},[57,72575,72577],{"className":59,"code":72576,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72578,72579],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72580,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72582,223],{"class":80},[66,72584,202],{"class":84},[66,72586,4381],{"class":88},[66,72588,202],{"class":84},[66,72590,105],{"class":80},[66,72592,211],{"class":84},[66,72594,33288],{"class":88},[66,72596,202],{"class":84},[66,72598,240],{"class":80},[20,72600,72601,72602,72604],{},"If you need to remove ",[185,72603,4008],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[57,72606,72608],{"className":59,"code":72607,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72609,72610,72650,72684],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72611,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72613,8073],{"class":72},[66,72615,77],{"class":76},[66,72617,1711],{"class":80},[66,72619,85],{"class":84},[66,72621,4372],{"class":88},[66,72623,85],{"class":84},[66,72625,105],{"class":80},[66,72627,97],{"class":84},[66,72629,4381],{"class":88},[66,72631,85],{"class":84},[66,72633,105],{"class":80},[66,72635,97],{"class":84},[66,72637,4372],{"class":88},[66,72639,85],{"class":84},[66,72641,105],{"class":80},[66,72643,97],{"class":84},[66,72645,33288],{"class":88},[66,72647,85],{"class":84},[66,72649,240],{"class":80},[66,72651,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72669,72671,72673,72676,72678,72680,72682],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72653,8073],{"class":72},[66,72655,77],{"class":76},[66,72657,1711],{"class":80},[66,72659,28603],{"class":72},[66,72661,1061],{"class":1060},[66,72663,6253],{"class":72},[66,72665,1067],{"class":1060},[66,72667,72668],{"class":72}," items ",[66,72670,7291],{"class":1060},[66,72672,6253],{"class":72},[66,72674,72675],{"class":76},"!=",[66,72677,97],{"class":84},[66,72679,4372],{"class":88},[66,72681,85],{"class":84},[66,72683,240],{"class":80},[66,72685,72686,72688,72690,72692],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,72687,155],{"class":154},[66,72689,158],{"class":80},[66,72691,8103],{"class":137},[66,72693,163],{"class":80},[20,72695,187],{},[57,72697,72698],{"className":59,"code":72576,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,72699,72700],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72701,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72703,223],{"class":80},[66,72705,202],{"class":84},[66,72707,4381],{"class":88},[66,72709,202],{"class":84},[66,72711,105],{"class":80},[66,72713,211],{"class":84},[66,72715,33288],{"class":88},[66,72717,202],{"class":84},[66,72719,240],{"class":80},[52,72721,65713],{"id":65712},[20,72723,65716,72724,50],{},[15,72725,40778],{},[57,72727,72729],{"className":59,"code":72728,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72730,72731,72763],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72732,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72734,8073],{"class":72},[66,72736,77],{"class":76},[66,72738,1711],{"class":80},[66,72740,85],{"class":84},[66,72742,4372],{"class":88},[66,72744,85],{"class":84},[66,72746,105],{"class":80},[66,72748,97],{"class":84},[66,72750,4381],{"class":88},[66,72752,85],{"class":84},[66,72754,105],{"class":80},[66,72756,97],{"class":84},[66,72758,33288],{"class":88},[66,72760,85],{"class":84},[66,72762,240],{"class":80},[66,72764,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72766,8103],{"class":72},[66,72768,50],{"class":80},[66,72770,34863],{"class":137},[66,72772,158],{"class":80},[66,72774,85],{"class":84},[66,72776,22787],{"class":88},[66,72778,85],{"class":84},[66,72780,163],{"class":80},[20,72782,187],{},[57,72784,72786],{"className":59,"code":72785,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72787,72788],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72789,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808,72810,72812],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72791,40778],{"class":173},[66,72793,94],{"class":80},[66,72795,1656],{"class":173},[66,72797,50],{"class":80},[66,72799,34863],{"class":137},[66,72801,158],{"class":80},[66,72803,2471],{"class":137},[66,72805,16726],{"class":80},[66,72807,4174],{"class":72},[66,72809,4926],{"class":76},[66,72811,1372],{"class":76},[66,72813,72814],{"class":173}," list\n",[20,72816,72817],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72819,72820],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[57,72822,72824],{"className":59,"code":72823,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72825,72826,72858,72870,72874,72886,72901,72905],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72827,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72829,8073],{"class":72},[66,72831,77],{"class":76},[66,72833,1711],{"class":80},[66,72835,85],{"class":84},[66,72837,4372],{"class":88},[66,72839,85],{"class":84},[66,72841,105],{"class":80},[66,72843,97],{"class":84},[66,72845,4381],{"class":88},[66,72847,85],{"class":84},[66,72849,105],{"class":80},[66,72851,97],{"class":84},[66,72853,33288],{"class":88},[66,72855,85],{"class":84},[66,72857,240],{"class":80},[66,72859,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,72861,2745],{"class":72},[66,72863,77],{"class":76},[66,72865,97],{"class":84},[66,72867,22787],{"class":88},[66,72869,376],{"class":84},[66,72871,72872],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,72873,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,72875,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,72877,7291],{"class":1060},[66,72879,21842],{"class":72},[66,72881,1067],{"class":76},[66,72883,6258],{"class":72},[66,72885,1133],{"class":80},[66,72887,72888,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,72889,72890],{"class":72},"    items",[66,72892,50],{"class":80},[66,72894,34863],{"class":137},[66,72896,158],{"class":80},[66,72898,2771],{"class":137},[66,72900,163],{"class":80},[66,72902,72903],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,72904,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,72906,72907,72909,72911,72913],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,72908,155],{"class":154},[66,72910,158],{"class":80},[66,72912,8103],{"class":137},[66,72914,163],{"class":80},[20,72916,187],{},[57,72918,72920],{"className":59,"code":72919,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72921,72922],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,72923,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,72925,223],{"class":80},[66,72927,202],{"class":84},[66,72929,4372],{"class":88},[66,72931,202],{"class":84},[66,72933,105],{"class":80},[66,72935,211],{"class":84},[66,72937,4381],{"class":88},[66,72939,202],{"class":84},[66,72941,105],{"class":80},[66,72943,211],{"class":84},[66,72945,33288],{"class":88},[66,72947,202],{"class":84},[66,72949,240],{"class":80},[20,72951,72952,72953,72955],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72954,55609],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72957,72958,72959,50],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[652,72960,65922],{"href":72961},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[52,72963,72965],{"id":72964},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72967,72968,4688,72970,72972],{},[15,72969,55609],{},[15,72971,13045],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72974,72975,72982,72988,72994],{},[33,72976,72977,72979,72980],{},[15,72978,55609],{}," deletes by ",[185,72981,2771],{},[33,72983,72984,72979,72986],{},[15,72985,13045],{},[185,72987,35916],{},[33,72989,72990,2695,72992],{},[15,72991,55609],{},[15,72993,4071],{},[33,72995,72996,72998],{},[15,72997,13045],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73000,46117,73001,94],{},[15,73002,55609],{},[57,73004,73006],{"className":59,"code":73005,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73007,73008,73040,73058],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73009,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73011,8073],{"class":72},[66,73013,77],{"class":76},[66,73015,1711],{"class":80},[66,73017,85],{"class":84},[66,73019,4372],{"class":88},[66,73021,85],{"class":84},[66,73023,105],{"class":80},[66,73025,97],{"class":84},[66,73027,4381],{"class":88},[66,73029,85],{"class":84},[66,73031,105],{"class":80},[66,73033,97],{"class":84},[66,73035,33288],{"class":88},[66,73037,85],{"class":84},[66,73039,240],{"class":80},[66,73041,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054,73056],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73043,8103],{"class":72},[66,73045,50],{"class":80},[66,73047,34863],{"class":137},[66,73049,158],{"class":80},[66,73051,85],{"class":84},[66,73053,4381],{"class":88},[66,73055,85],{"class":84},[66,73057,163],{"class":80},[66,73059,73060,73062,73064,73066],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,73061,155],{"class":154},[66,73063,158],{"class":80},[66,73065,8103],{"class":137},[66,73067,163],{"class":80},[20,73069,187],{},[57,73071,73073],{"className":59,"code":73072,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73074,73075],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73076,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73078,223],{"class":80},[66,73080,202],{"class":84},[66,73082,4372],{"class":88},[66,73084,202],{"class":84},[66,73086,105],{"class":80},[66,73088,211],{"class":84},[66,73090,33288],{"class":88},[66,73092,202],{"class":84},[66,73094,240],{"class":80},[20,73096,46117,73097,94],{},[15,73098,13045],{},[57,73100,73102],{"className":59,"code":73101,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73103,73104,73136,73155,73159,73169],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73105,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128,73130,73132,73134],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73107,8073],{"class":72},[66,73109,77],{"class":76},[66,73111,1711],{"class":80},[66,73113,85],{"class":84},[66,73115,4372],{"class":88},[66,73117,85],{"class":84},[66,73119,105],{"class":80},[66,73121,97],{"class":84},[66,73123,4381],{"class":88},[66,73125,85],{"class":84},[66,73127,105],{"class":80},[66,73129,97],{"class":84},[66,73131,33288],{"class":88},[66,73133,85],{"class":84},[66,73135,240],{"class":80},[66,73137,73138,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73139,73140],{"class":72},"removed_item ",[66,73142,77],{"class":76},[66,73144,6258],{"class":72},[66,73146,50],{"class":80},[66,73148,26305],{"class":137},[66,73150,158],{"class":80},[66,73152,1714],{"class":117},[66,73154,163],{"class":80},[66,73156,73157],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,73158,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,73160,73161,73163,73165,73167],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,73162,155],{"class":154},[66,73164,158],{"class":80},[66,73166,8103],{"class":137},[66,73168,163],{"class":80},[66,73170,73171,73173,73175,73178],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,73172,155],{"class":154},[66,73174,158],{"class":80},[66,73176,73177],{"class":137},"removed_item",[66,73179,163],{"class":80},[20,73181,187],{},[57,73183,73185],{"className":59,"code":73184,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73186,73187,73207],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73188,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73190,223],{"class":80},[66,73192,202],{"class":84},[66,73194,4372],{"class":88},[66,73196,202],{"class":84},[66,73198,105],{"class":80},[66,73200,211],{"class":84},[66,73202,33288],{"class":88},[66,73204,202],{"class":84},[66,73206,240],{"class":80},[66,73208,73209],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73210,70489],{"class":72},[20,73212,243,73213,73215],{},[15,73214,55609],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73217,243,73218,73220],{},[15,73219,13045],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73222,73223,73224,50],{},"For more detail, see the ",[652,73225,73226],{"href":55159},"Python list pop() method",[52,73228,73230],{"id":73229},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73232,73233,4688,73235,73237],{},[15,73234,55609],{},[15,73236,27089],{}," are also different.",[30,73239,73240,73245,73250,73255],{},[33,73241,73242,73244],{},[15,73243,55609],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,73246,73247,73249],{},[15,73248,27089],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,73251,243,73252,73254],{},[15,73253,27089],{}," when you know the position",[33,73256,243,73257,73259],{},[15,73258,55609],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73261,46117,73262,94],{},[15,73263,27089],{},[57,73265,73267],{"className":59,"code":73266,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73268,73269,73301,73313],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73270,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73272,8073],{"class":72},[66,73274,77],{"class":76},[66,73276,1711],{"class":80},[66,73278,85],{"class":84},[66,73280,4372],{"class":88},[66,73282,85],{"class":84},[66,73284,105],{"class":80},[66,73286,97],{"class":84},[66,73288,4381],{"class":88},[66,73290,85],{"class":84},[66,73292,105],{"class":80},[66,73294,97],{"class":84},[66,73296,33288],{"class":88},[66,73298,85],{"class":84},[66,73300,240],{"class":80},[66,73302,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73304,27089],{"class":1060},[66,73306,6258],{"class":72},[66,73308,223],{"class":80},[66,73310,1714],{"class":117},[66,73312,240],{"class":80},[66,73314,73315,73317,73319,73321],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,73316,155],{"class":154},[66,73318,158],{"class":80},[66,73320,8103],{"class":137},[66,73322,163],{"class":80},[20,73324,187],{},[57,73326,73327],{"className":59,"code":73072,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,73328,73329],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73330,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73332,223],{"class":80},[66,73334,202],{"class":84},[66,73336,4372],{"class":88},[66,73338,202],{"class":84},[66,73340,105],{"class":80},[66,73342,211],{"class":84},[66,73344,33288],{"class":88},[66,73346,202],{"class":84},[66,73348,240],{"class":80},[20,73350,73351,73352,73354,73355,73357],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73353,1714],{},", not the value ",[15,73356,65357],{}," directly.",[20,73359,73360,73361,50],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[652,73362,55148],{"href":55147},[52,73364,1838],{"id":1837},[20,73366,21469,73367,94],{},[15,73368,55609],{},[30,73370,73371,73374,73379,73386,73395],{},[33,73372,73373],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,73375,1433,73376,73378],{},[15,73377,55609],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,73380,12876,73381,73383,73384],{},[15,73382,55609],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73385,4071],{},[33,73387,1848,73388,44706,73390,3176,73392,73394],{},[15,73389,55609],{},[15,73391,13045],{},[15,73393,27089],{}," would be a better fit",[33,73396,73397],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73399,71589],{},[57,73401,73403],{"className":59,"code":73402,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73404,73405,73415,73429,73447,73461],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73406,73407,73409,73411,73413],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73408,155],{"class":154},[66,73410,158],{"class":80},[66,73412,8632],{"class":137},[66,73414,163],{"class":80},[66,73416,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73418,155],{"class":154},[66,73420,158],{"class":80},[66,73422,2745],{"class":137},[66,73424,1067],{"class":1060},[66,73426,8689],{"class":137},[66,73428,163],{"class":80},[66,73430,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,73432,155],{"class":154},[66,73434,158],{"class":80},[66,73436,8632],{"class":137},[66,73438,50],{"class":80},[66,73440,41334],{"class":137},[66,73442,158],{"class":80},[66,73444,2771],{"class":137},[66,73446,181],{"class":80},[66,73448,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,73450,155],{"class":154},[66,73452,158],{"class":80},[66,73454,912],{"class":173},[66,73456,158],{"class":80},[66,73458,8632],{"class":137},[66,73460,181],{"class":80},[66,73462,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,73464,32219],{"class":154},[66,73466,158],{"class":80},[66,73468,174],{"class":173},[66,73470,50],{"class":80},[66,73472,34863],{"class":784},[66,73474,163],{"class":80},[20,73476,73477],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73479,73480,73483,73486,73489],{},[33,73481,73482],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73484,73485],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73487,73488],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73490,73491],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73493,73494,73495,73497],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[652,73496,71753],{"href":59046}," may also help.",[52,73499,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,73501,73503],{"id":73502},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73505,73506],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1430,73508,73510],{"id":73509},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73512,5443,73513,73515],{},[15,73514,4071],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1430,73517,73519],{"id":73518},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73521,73522,73523,73526,73527,50],{},"Check with ",[15,73524,73525],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73528,55609],{},[1430,73530,73532],{"id":73531},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73534,243,73535,73537,73538,73540],{},[15,73536,55609],{}," for a value and ",[15,73539,13045],{}," for an index.",[52,73542,2183],{"id":2182},[30,73544,73545,73549,73553,73557,73561],{},[33,73546,73547],{},[652,73548,55595],{"href":55147},[33,73550,73551],{},[652,73552,73226],{"href":55159},[33,73554,73555],{},[652,73556,71753],{"href":59046},[33,73558,73559],{},[652,73560,65922],{"href":72961},[33,73562,73563],{},[652,73564,73566],{"href":73565},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2222,73568,73569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":73571},[73572,73573,73574,73575,73576,73577,73578,73579,73580,73581,73587],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":71898,"depth":124,"text":71899},{"id":658,"depth":124,"text":659},{"id":458,"depth":124,"text":459},{"id":72351,"depth":124,"text":72352},{"id":65712,"depth":124,"text":65713},{"id":72964,"depth":124,"text":72965},{"id":73229,"depth":124,"text":73230},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":73582},[73583,73584,73585,73586],{"id":73502,"depth":144,"text":73503},{"id":73509,"depth":144,"text":73510},{"id":73518,"depth":144,"text":73519},{"id":73531,"depth":144,"text":73532},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71801,"description":73588},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73595,"title":73596,"body":73597,"description":75488,"extension":2260,"meta":75489,"navigation":147,"path":75490,"seo":75491,"stem":75492,"__hash__":75493},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73598,"toc":75458},[73599,73605,73611,73614,73625,73627,73676,73681,73686,73690,73705,73707,73772,73774,73815,73817,73819,73834,73836,73847,73849,73906,73908,73941,73943,73946,73995,73997,74022,74024,74040,74046,74053,74114,74116,74149,74154,74157,74237,74239,74300,74306,74310,74313,74377,74379,74404,74406,74426,74428,74477,74479,74500,74509,74512,74516,74521,74566,74568,74589,74595,74600,74608,74672,74674,74711,74717,74721,74728,74793,74795,74832,74836,74853,74863,74868,74873,74884,74891,74893,74899,74922,74925,74952,74957,74960,75061,75063,75118,75121,75228,75230,75301,75304,75330,75332,75337,75341,75349,75354,75359,75365,75370,75374,75377,75394,75397,75417,75425,75427,75455],[10,73600,54422,73602,18],{"id":73601},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73603,73604],{},"reverse()",[20,73606,73607,73610],{},[15,73608,73609],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73612,73613],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73615,73616,73617,73619,73620,73624],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73618,73604],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[652,73621,73623],{"href":73622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[52,73626,3903],{"id":3902},[57,73628,73630],{"className":59,"code":73629,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73631,73632,73652,73663],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73633,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73635,1706],{"class":72},[66,73637,77],{"class":76},[66,73639,1711],{"class":80},[66,73641,1714],{"class":117},[66,73643,105],{"class":80},[66,73645,1719],{"class":117},[66,73647,105],{"class":80},[66,73649,1724],{"class":117},[66,73651,240],{"class":80},[66,73653,73654,73656,73658,73661],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73655,1735],{"class":72},[66,73657,50],{"class":80},[66,73659,73660],{"class":137},"reverse",[66,73662,141],{"class":80},[66,73664,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,73666,155],{"class":154},[66,73668,158],{"class":80},[66,73670,1735],{"class":137},[66,73672,3954],{"class":80},[66,73674,73675],{"class":1945},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73677,73678,73680],{},[15,73679,73604],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[52,73682,250,73684,253],{"id":73683},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73685,73609],{},[20,73687,73688,94],{},[15,73689,73609],{},[30,73691,73692,73695,73698,73702],{},[33,73693,73694],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73696,73697],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73699,11706,73700],{},[15,73701,4071],{},[33,73703,73704],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73706,281],{},[57,73708,73710],{"className":59,"code":73709,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73711,73712,73752,73762],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73713,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73715,36161],{"class":72},[66,73717,77],{"class":76},[66,73719,1711],{"class":80},[66,73721,85],{"class":84},[66,73723,652],{"class":88},[66,73725,85],{"class":84},[66,73727,105],{"class":80},[66,73729,97],{"class":84},[66,73731,1903],{"class":88},[66,73733,85],{"class":84},[66,73735,105],{"class":80},[66,73737,97],{"class":84},[66,73739,10027],{"class":88},[66,73741,85],{"class":84},[66,73743,105],{"class":80},[66,73745,97],{"class":84},[66,73747,19027],{"class":88},[66,73749,85],{"class":84},[66,73751,240],{"class":80},[66,73753,73754,73756,73758,73760],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73755,36214],{"class":72},[66,73757,50],{"class":80},[66,73759,73660],{"class":137},[66,73761,141],{"class":80},[66,73763,73764,73766,73768,73770],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,73765,155],{"class":154},[66,73767,158],{"class":80},[66,73769,36214],{"class":137},[66,73771,163],{"class":80},[20,73773,187],{},[57,73775,73777],{"className":59,"code":73776,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73778,73779],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73780,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73782,223],{"class":80},[66,73784,202],{"class":84},[66,73786,19027],{"class":88},[66,73788,202],{"class":84},[66,73790,105],{"class":80},[66,73792,211],{"class":84},[66,73794,10027],{"class":88},[66,73796,202],{"class":84},[66,73798,105],{"class":80},[66,73800,211],{"class":84},[66,73802,1903],{"class":88},[66,73804,202],{"class":84},[66,73806,105],{"class":80},[66,73808,211],{"class":84},[66,73810,652],{"class":88},[66,73812,202],{"class":84},[66,73814,240],{"class":80},[52,73816,2455],{"id":2454},[20,73818,662],{},[57,73820,73822],{"className":59,"code":73821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73823,73824],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73825,73826,73828,73830,73832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73827,8632],{"class":72},[66,73829,50],{"class":80},[66,73831,73660],{"class":137},[66,73833,141],{"class":80},[20,73835,13332],{},[30,73837,73838,73841,73844],{},[33,73839,73840],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73842,73843],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73845,73846],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73848,281],{},[57,73850,73852],{"className":59,"code":73851,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73853,73854,73886,73896],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73855,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73857,13356],{"class":72},[66,73859,77],{"class":76},[66,73861,1711],{"class":80},[66,73863,85],{"class":84},[66,73865,13373],{"class":88},[66,73867,85],{"class":84},[66,73869,105],{"class":80},[66,73871,97],{"class":84},[66,73873,17716],{"class":88},[66,73875,85],{"class":84},[66,73877,105],{"class":80},[66,73879,97],{"class":84},[66,73881,13390],{"class":88},[66,73883,85],{"class":84},[66,73885,240],{"class":80},[66,73887,73888,73890,73892,73894],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73889,17763],{"class":72},[66,73891,50],{"class":80},[66,73893,73660],{"class":137},[66,73895,141],{"class":80},[66,73897,73898,73900,73902,73904],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,73899,155],{"class":154},[66,73901,158],{"class":80},[66,73903,17763],{"class":137},[66,73905,163],{"class":80},[20,73907,187],{},[57,73909,73911],{"className":59,"code":73910,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73912,73913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73914,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73916,223],{"class":80},[66,73918,202],{"class":84},[66,73920,13390],{"class":88},[66,73922,202],{"class":84},[66,73924,105],{"class":80},[66,73926,211],{"class":84},[66,73928,17716],{"class":88},[66,73930,202],{"class":84},[66,73932,105],{"class":80},[66,73934,211],{"class":84},[66,73936,13373],{"class":88},[66,73938,202],{"class":84},[66,73940,240],{"class":80},[52,73942,11756],{"id":11755},[20,73944,73945],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[57,73947,73949],{"className":59,"code":73948,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73950,73951,73975,73985],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,73952,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,73954,1706],{"class":72},[66,73956,77],{"class":76},[66,73958,1711],{"class":80},[66,73960,2628],{"class":117},[66,73962,105],{"class":80},[66,73964,118],{"class":117},[66,73966,105],{"class":80},[66,73968,8088],{"class":117},[66,73970,105],{"class":80},[66,73972,50922],{"class":117},[66,73974,240],{"class":80},[66,73976,73977,73979,73981,73983],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,73978,1735],{"class":72},[66,73980,50],{"class":80},[66,73982,73660],{"class":137},[66,73984,141],{"class":80},[66,73986,73987,73989,73991,73993],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,73988,155],{"class":154},[66,73990,158],{"class":80},[66,73992,1735],{"class":137},[66,73994,163],{"class":80},[20,73996,187],{},[57,73998,74000],{"className":59,"code":73999,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74001,74002],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74003,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74005,223],{"class":80},[66,74007,56773],{"class":117},[66,74009,105],{"class":80},[66,74011,8088],{"class":117},[66,74013,105],{"class":80},[66,74015,118],{"class":117},[66,74017,105],{"class":80},[66,74019,6297],{"class":117},[66,74021,240],{"class":80},[20,74023,11965],{},[30,74025,74026,74032,74037],{},[33,74027,74028,74029],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74030,74031],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,74033,74034,74036],{},[15,74035,73604],{}," flips the order",[33,74038,74039],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[52,74041,74043,74045],{"id":74042},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74044,73604],{}," changes the original list",[20,74047,74048,74049,74052],{},"This method is ",[185,74050,74051],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[57,74054,74056],{"className":59,"code":74055,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74057,74058,74090,74100,74104],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74059,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74061,36310],{"class":72},[66,74063,77],{"class":76},[66,74065,1711],{"class":80},[66,74067,85],{"class":84},[66,74069,4372],{"class":88},[66,74071,85],{"class":84},[66,74073,105],{"class":80},[66,74075,97],{"class":84},[66,74077,4381],{"class":88},[66,74079,85],{"class":84},[66,74081,105],{"class":80},[66,74083,97],{"class":84},[66,74085,4390],{"class":88},[66,74087,85],{"class":84},[66,74089,240],{"class":80},[66,74091,74092,74094,74096,74098],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74093,36362],{"class":72},[66,74095,50],{"class":80},[66,74097,73660],{"class":137},[66,74099,141],{"class":80},[66,74101,74102],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,74103,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,74105,74106,74108,74110,74112],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,74107,155],{"class":154},[66,74109,158],{"class":80},[66,74111,36362],{"class":137},[66,74113,163],{"class":80},[20,74115,187],{},[57,74117,74119],{"className":59,"code":74118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74120,74121],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74122,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74124,223],{"class":80},[66,74126,202],{"class":84},[66,74128,4390],{"class":88},[66,74130,202],{"class":84},[66,74132,105],{"class":80},[66,74134,211],{"class":84},[66,74136,4381],{"class":88},[66,74138,202],{"class":84},[66,74140,105],{"class":80},[66,74142,211],{"class":84},[66,74144,4372],{"class":88},[66,74146,202],{"class":84},[66,74148,240],{"class":80},[20,74150,243,74151,74153],{},[15,74152,73604],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74155,74156],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[57,74158,74160],{"className":59,"code":74159,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74161,74162,74194,74212,74216,74226],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74163,74164,74166,74168,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74165,36310],{"class":72},[66,74167,77],{"class":76},[66,74169,1711],{"class":80},[66,74171,85],{"class":84},[66,74173,4372],{"class":88},[66,74175,85],{"class":84},[66,74177,105],{"class":80},[66,74179,97],{"class":84},[66,74181,4381],{"class":88},[66,74183,85],{"class":84},[66,74185,105],{"class":80},[66,74187,97],{"class":84},[66,74189,4390],{"class":88},[66,74191,85],{"class":84},[66,74193,240],{"class":80},[66,74195,74196,74199,74201,74203,74206,74208,74210],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74197,74198],{"class":72},"reversed_fruits ",[66,74200,77],{"class":76},[66,74202,52931],{"class":72},[66,74204,74205],{"class":80},"[::",[66,74207,2319],{"class":76},[66,74209,1714],{"class":117},[66,74211,240],{"class":80},[66,74213,74214],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,74215,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,74217,74218,74220,74222,74224],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,74219,155],{"class":154},[66,74221,158],{"class":80},[66,74223,36362],{"class":137},[66,74225,163],{"class":80},[66,74227,74228,74230,74232,74235],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,74229,155],{"class":154},[66,74231,158],{"class":80},[66,74233,74234],{"class":137},"reversed_fruits",[66,74236,163],{"class":80},[20,74238,187],{},[57,74240,74242],{"className":59,"code":74241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74243,74244,74272],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74245,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74247,223],{"class":80},[66,74249,202],{"class":84},[66,74251,4372],{"class":88},[66,74253,202],{"class":84},[66,74255,105],{"class":80},[66,74257,211],{"class":84},[66,74259,4381],{"class":88},[66,74261,202],{"class":84},[66,74263,105],{"class":80},[66,74265,211],{"class":84},[66,74267,4390],{"class":88},[66,74269,202],{"class":84},[66,74271,240],{"class":80},[66,74273,74274,74276,74278,74280,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296,74298],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74275,223],{"class":80},[66,74277,202],{"class":84},[66,74279,4390],{"class":88},[66,74281,202],{"class":84},[66,74283,105],{"class":80},[66,74285,211],{"class":84},[66,74287,4381],{"class":88},[66,74289,202],{"class":84},[66,74291,105],{"class":80},[66,74293,211],{"class":84},[66,74295,4372],{"class":88},[66,74297,202],{"class":84},[66,74299,240],{"class":80},[20,74301,74302,74303,50],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[652,74304,74305],{"href":73622},"Python list slicing explained",[52,74307,74309],{"id":74308},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74311,74312],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[57,74314,74316],{"className":59,"code":74315,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74317,74318,74338,74352,74356,74367],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74319,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74321,1706],{"class":72},[66,74323,77],{"class":76},[66,74325,1711],{"class":80},[66,74327,1714],{"class":117},[66,74329,105],{"class":80},[66,74331,1719],{"class":117},[66,74333,105],{"class":80},[66,74335,1724],{"class":117},[66,74337,240],{"class":80},[66,74339,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74341,55970],{"class":72},[66,74343,77],{"class":76},[66,74345,4557],{"class":72},[66,74347,50],{"class":80},[66,74349,73660],{"class":137},[66,74351,141],{"class":80},[66,74353,74354],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,74355,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,74357,74358,74360,74362,74365],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,74359,155],{"class":154},[66,74361,158],{"class":80},[66,74363,74364],{"class":137},"new_list",[66,74366,163],{"class":80},[66,74368,74369,74371,74373,74375],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,74370,155],{"class":154},[66,74372,158],{"class":80},[66,74374,1735],{"class":137},[66,74376,163],{"class":80},[20,74378,187],{},[57,74380,74382],{"className":59,"code":74381,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74383,74384,74388],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74385,74386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74387,12089],{"class":4146},[66,74389,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74391,223],{"class":80},[66,74393,2360],{"class":117},[66,74395,105],{"class":80},[66,74397,1719],{"class":117},[66,74399,105],{"class":80},[66,74401,1896],{"class":117},[66,74403,240],{"class":80},[20,74405,12181],{},[30,74407,74408,74416,74420],{},[33,74409,74410,74412,74413,74415],{},[15,74411,73604],{}," changes ",[15,74414,1735],{}," directly",[33,74417,40980,74418,71922],{},[185,74419,4926],{},[33,74421,53733,74422,42230,74424],{},[15,74423,74364],{},[15,74425,4071],{},[20,74427,61980],{},[57,74429,74431],{"className":59,"code":74430,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74432,74433,74453,74463,74467],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74434,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74436,1706],{"class":72},[66,74438,77],{"class":76},[66,74440,1711],{"class":80},[66,74442,1714],{"class":117},[66,74444,105],{"class":80},[66,74446,1719],{"class":117},[66,74448,105],{"class":80},[66,74450,1724],{"class":117},[66,74452,240],{"class":80},[66,74454,74455,74457,74459,74461],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74456,1735],{"class":72},[66,74458,50],{"class":80},[66,74460,73660],{"class":137},[66,74462,141],{"class":80},[66,74464,74465],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,74466,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,74468,74469,74471,74473,74475],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,74470,155],{"class":154},[66,74472,158],{"class":80},[66,74474,1735],{"class":137},[66,74476,163],{"class":80},[20,74478,187],{},[57,74480,74482],{"className":59,"code":74481,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74483,74484],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74485,74486,74488,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74487,223],{"class":80},[66,74489,2360],{"class":117},[66,74491,105],{"class":80},[66,74493,1719],{"class":117},[66,74495,105],{"class":80},[66,74497,1896],{"class":117},[66,74499,240],{"class":80},[52,74501,74503,10871,74505,74508],{"id":74502},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74504,73604],{},[15,74506,74507],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74510,74511],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1430,74513,74514],{"id":73660},[15,74515,73604],{},[20,74517,74518,74520],{},[15,74519,73604],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[57,74522,74524],{"className":59,"code":74523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74525,74526,74546,74556],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74527,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74529,1706],{"class":72},[66,74531,77],{"class":76},[66,74533,1711],{"class":80},[66,74535,2360],{"class":117},[66,74537,105],{"class":80},[66,74539,1896],{"class":117},[66,74541,105],{"class":80},[66,74543,1719],{"class":117},[66,74545,240],{"class":80},[66,74547,74548,74550,74552,74554],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74549,1735],{"class":72},[66,74551,50],{"class":80},[66,74553,73660],{"class":137},[66,74555,141],{"class":80},[66,74557,74558,74560,74562,74564],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,74559,155],{"class":154},[66,74561,158],{"class":80},[66,74563,1735],{"class":137},[66,74565,163],{"class":80},[20,74567,187],{},[57,74569,74571],{"className":59,"code":74570,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74572,74573],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74574,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74576,223],{"class":80},[66,74578,2354],{"class":117},[66,74580,105],{"class":80},[66,74582,1896],{"class":117},[66,74584,105],{"class":80},[66,74586,1724],{"class":117},[66,74588,240],{"class":80},[20,74590,74591,74592,74594],{},"Notice that this is ",[185,74593,4926],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1430,74596,74598],{"id":74597},"sorted",[15,74599,74507],{},[20,74601,74602,74607],{},[652,74603,74605],{"href":74604},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74606,74507],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[57,74609,74611],{"className":59,"code":74610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74612,74613,74633,74648,74652,74662],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74614,74615,74617,74619,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74616,1706],{"class":72},[66,74618,77],{"class":76},[66,74620,1711],{"class":80},[66,74622,2360],{"class":117},[66,74624,105],{"class":80},[66,74626,1896],{"class":117},[66,74628,105],{"class":80},[66,74630,1719],{"class":117},[66,74632,240],{"class":80},[66,74634,74635,74637,74639,74642,74644,74646],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74636,877],{"class":72},[66,74638,77],{"class":76},[66,74640,74641],{"class":154}," sorted",[66,74643,158],{"class":80},[66,74645,1735],{"class":137},[66,74647,163],{"class":80},[66,74649,74650],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,74651,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,74653,74654,74656,74658,74660],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,74655,155],{"class":154},[66,74657,158],{"class":80},[66,74659,1735],{"class":137},[66,74661,163],{"class":80},[66,74663,74664,74666,74668,74670],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,74665,155],{"class":154},[66,74667,158],{"class":80},[66,74669,901],{"class":137},[66,74671,163],{"class":80},[20,74673,187],{},[57,74675,74677],{"className":59,"code":74676,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74678,74679,74695],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74680,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691,74693],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74682,223],{"class":80},[66,74684,2360],{"class":117},[66,74686,105],{"class":80},[66,74688,1896],{"class":117},[66,74690,105],{"class":80},[66,74692,1719],{"class":117},[66,74694,240],{"class":80},[66,74696,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707,74709],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74698,223],{"class":80},[66,74700,1714],{"class":117},[66,74702,105],{"class":80},[66,74704,1719],{"class":117},[66,74706,105],{"class":80},[66,74708,1724],{"class":117},[66,74710,240],{"class":80},[20,74712,74713,74714,50],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74715,74716],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1430,74718,74720],{"id":74719},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74722,74723,74724,74727],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74725,74726],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[57,74729,74731],{"className":59,"code":74730,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74732,74733,74753,74769,74773,74783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74734,74735,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745,74747,74749,74751],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74736,1706],{"class":72},[66,74738,77],{"class":76},[66,74740,1711],{"class":80},[66,74742,2360],{"class":117},[66,74744,105],{"class":80},[66,74746,1896],{"class":117},[66,74748,105],{"class":80},[66,74750,1719],{"class":117},[66,74752,240],{"class":80},[66,74754,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765,74767],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74756,877],{"class":72},[66,74758,77],{"class":76},[66,74760,4557],{"class":72},[66,74762,74205],{"class":80},[66,74764,2319],{"class":76},[66,74766,1714],{"class":117},[66,74768,240],{"class":80},[66,74770,74771],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,74772,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,74774,74775,74777,74779,74781],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,74776,155],{"class":154},[66,74778,158],{"class":80},[66,74780,1735],{"class":137},[66,74782,163],{"class":80},[66,74784,74785,74787,74789,74791],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,74786,155],{"class":154},[66,74788,158],{"class":80},[66,74790,901],{"class":137},[66,74792,163],{"class":80},[20,74794,187],{},[57,74796,74798],{"className":59,"code":74797,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74799,74800,74816],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74801,74802,74804,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74803,223],{"class":80},[66,74805,2360],{"class":117},[66,74807,105],{"class":80},[66,74809,1896],{"class":117},[66,74811,105],{"class":80},[66,74813,1719],{"class":117},[66,74815,240],{"class":80},[66,74817,74818,74820,74822,74824,74826,74828,74830],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74819,223],{"class":80},[66,74821,2354],{"class":117},[66,74823,105],{"class":80},[66,74825,1896],{"class":117},[66,74827,105],{"class":80},[66,74829,1724],{"class":117},[66,74831,240],{"class":80},[1430,74833,74835],{"id":74834},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74837,74838,74843,74848],{},[33,74839,243,74840,74842],{},[15,74841,73604],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74844,243,74845,74847],{},[15,74846,74726],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74849,243,74850,74852],{},[15,74851,74507],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74854,74855,74856,74862],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[652,74857,74859,74860,978],{"href":74858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74861,64394],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[52,74864,1154,74866],{"id":74865},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74867,73604],{},[20,74869,74870,74872],{},[15,74871,73604],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74874,74875,74878,74881],{},[33,74876,74877],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74879,74880],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74882,74883],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74885,74886,74887,50],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[652,74888,74890],{"href":74889},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[52,74892,1838],{"id":1837},[20,74894,74895,74896,74898],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74897,73604],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74900,74901,74905,74910,74915],{},[33,74902,12876,74903,12879],{},[15,74904,73604],{},[33,74906,1433,74907,74909],{},[15,74908,73604],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74911,1848,74912,74914],{},[15,74913,73604],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74916,37276,74917,8997,74919],{},[15,74918,73604],{},[15,74920,74921],{},"reversed()",[20,74923,74924],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[57,74926,74928],{"className":59,"code":74927,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74929,74930,74942],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74931,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74933,34756],{"class":72},[66,74935,77],{"class":76},[66,74937,97],{"class":84},[66,74939,4139],{"class":88},[66,74941,376],{"class":84},[66,74943,74944,74946,74948,74950],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74945,34777],{"class":72},[66,74947,50],{"class":80},[66,74949,73660],{"class":137},[66,74951,141],{"class":80},[20,74953,74954,74955,33668],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74956,73604],{},[20,74958,74959],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[57,74961,74963],{"className":59,"code":74962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74964,74965,74985,74989,74999,75013,75017,75031,75041,75045],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,74966,74967,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,74968,8601],{"class":72},[66,74970,77],{"class":76},[66,74972,1711],{"class":80},[66,74974,1714],{"class":117},[66,74976,105],{"class":80},[66,74978,1719],{"class":117},[66,74980,105],{"class":80},[66,74982,1724],{"class":117},[66,74984,240],{"class":80},[66,74986,74987],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,74988,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,74990,74991,74993,74995,74997],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,74992,155],{"class":154},[66,74994,158],{"class":80},[66,74996,8632],{"class":137},[66,74998,163],{"class":80},[66,75000,75001,75003,75005,75007,75009,75011],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,75002,155],{"class":154},[66,75004,158],{"class":80},[66,75006,912],{"class":173},[66,75008,158],{"class":80},[66,75010,8632],{"class":137},[66,75012,181],{"class":80},[66,75014,75015],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,75016,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,75018,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,75020,877],{"class":72},[66,75022,77],{"class":76},[66,75024,8689],{"class":72},[66,75026,50],{"class":80},[66,75028,73660],{"class":137},[66,75030,141],{"class":80},[66,75032,75033,75035,75037,75039],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,75034,155],{"class":154},[66,75036,158],{"class":80},[66,75038,901],{"class":137},[66,75040,163],{"class":80},[66,75042,75043],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,75044,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,75046,75047,75049,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,75048,155],{"class":154},[66,75050,158],{"class":80},[66,75052,8632],{"class":137},[66,75054,74205],{"class":80},[66,75056,2319],{"class":76},[66,75058,1714],{"class":117},[66,75060,218],{"class":80},[20,75062,187],{},[57,75064,75066],{"className":59,"code":75065,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75067,75068,75084,75098,75102],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75069,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75071,223],{"class":80},[66,75073,1714],{"class":117},[66,75075,105],{"class":80},[66,75077,1719],{"class":117},[66,75079,105],{"class":80},[66,75081,1724],{"class":117},[66,75083,240],{"class":80},[66,75085,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094,75096],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,75087,954],{"class":76},[66,75089,958],{"class":957},[66,75091,211],{"class":84},[66,75093,174],{"class":88},[66,75095,202],{"class":84},[66,75097,967],{"class":76},[66,75099,75100],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,75101,12089],{"class":4146},[66,75103,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112,75114,75116],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,75105,223],{"class":80},[66,75107,1714],{"class":117},[66,75109,105],{"class":80},[66,75111,1719],{"class":117},[66,75113,105],{"class":80},[66,75115,1896],{"class":117},[66,75117,240],{"class":80},[20,75119,75120],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[57,75122,75124],{"className":59,"code":75123,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75125,75126,75146,75150,75160,75174,75178,75192,75202,75212],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75127,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75129,8601],{"class":72},[66,75131,77],{"class":76},[66,75133,1711],{"class":80},[66,75135,1714],{"class":117},[66,75137,105],{"class":80},[66,75139,1719],{"class":117},[66,75141,105],{"class":80},[66,75143,1724],{"class":117},[66,75145,240],{"class":80},[66,75147,75148],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,75149,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,75151,75152,75154,75156,75158],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,75153,155],{"class":154},[66,75155,158],{"class":80},[66,75157,8632],{"class":137},[66,75159,163],{"class":80},[66,75161,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,75163,155],{"class":154},[66,75165,158],{"class":80},[66,75167,912],{"class":173},[66,75169,158],{"class":80},[66,75171,8632],{"class":137},[66,75173,181],{"class":80},[66,75175,75176],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,75177,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,75179,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188,75190],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,75181,877],{"class":72},[66,75183,77],{"class":76},[66,75185,8689],{"class":72},[66,75187,50],{"class":80},[66,75189,73660],{"class":137},[66,75191,141],{"class":80},[66,75193,75194,75196,75198,75200],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,75195,155],{"class":154},[66,75197,158],{"class":80},[66,75199,901],{"class":137},[66,75201,163],{"class":80},[66,75203,75204,75206,75208,75210],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,75205,155],{"class":154},[66,75207,158],{"class":80},[66,75209,8632],{"class":137},[66,75211,163],{"class":80},[66,75213,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,75215,155],{"class":154},[66,75217,158],{"class":80},[66,75219,8632],{"class":137},[66,75221,74205],{"class":80},[66,75223,2319],{"class":76},[66,75225,1714],{"class":117},[66,75227,218],{"class":80},[20,75229,187],{},[57,75231,75233],{"className":59,"code":75232,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75234,75235,75251,75265,75269,75285],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75236,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245,75247,75249],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75238,223],{"class":80},[66,75240,1714],{"class":117},[66,75242,105],{"class":80},[66,75244,1719],{"class":117},[66,75246,105],{"class":80},[66,75248,1724],{"class":117},[66,75250,240],{"class":80},[66,75252,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,75254,954],{"class":76},[66,75256,958],{"class":957},[66,75258,211],{"class":84},[66,75260,174],{"class":88},[66,75262,202],{"class":84},[66,75264,967],{"class":76},[66,75266,75267],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,75268,12089],{"class":4146},[66,75270,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,75272,223],{"class":80},[66,75274,2360],{"class":117},[66,75276,105],{"class":80},[66,75278,1719],{"class":117},[66,75280,105],{"class":80},[66,75282,1896],{"class":117},[66,75284,240],{"class":80},[66,75286,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,75288,223],{"class":80},[66,75290,1714],{"class":117},[66,75292,105],{"class":80},[66,75294,1719],{"class":117},[66,75296,105],{"class":80},[66,75298,1724],{"class":117},[66,75300,240],{"class":80},[20,75302,75303],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,75305,75306,75315,75324],{},[33,75307,27860,75308,75311,75312],{},[15,75309,75310],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75313,75314],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,75316,12197,75317,75320,75321,1656],{},[15,75318,75319],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[185,75322,75323],{},"current",[33,75325,75326,75327],{},"So it prints ",[15,75328,75329],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[52,75331,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,75333,12986,75335,55549],{"id":75334},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75336,73609],{},[20,75338,62685,75339,50],{},[15,75340,4071],{},[1430,75342,34273,75344,34276,75346,2151],{"id":75343},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75345,73604],{},[15,75347,75348],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75350,75351,75353],{},[15,75352,73604],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75355,75356,75358],{},[15,75357,75348],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1430,75360,28393,75362,75364],{"id":75361},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75363,73604],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75366,46442,75367,75369],{},[15,75368,73604],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1430,75371,75373],{"id":75372},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75375,75376],{},"Use slicing:",[57,75378,75380],{"className":59,"code":75379,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75381,75382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75383,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75385,8632],{"class":72},[66,75387,74205],{"class":80},[66,75389,2319],{"class":76},[66,75391,1714],{"class":117},[66,75393,240],{"class":80},[20,75395,75396],{},"Or use:",[57,75398,75400],{"className":59,"code":75399,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75401,75402],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75403,75404,75406,75408,75411,75413,75415],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75405,174],{"class":173},[66,75407,158],{"class":80},[66,75409,75410],{"class":154},"reversed",[66,75412,158],{"class":80},[66,75414,8632],{"class":137},[66,75416,181],{"class":80},[20,75418,75419,75420,75424],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[652,75421,55600,75422],{"href":55040},[15,75423,13059],{}," can also help.",[52,75426,2183],{"id":2182},[30,75428,75429,75435,75441,75445,75449],{},[33,75430,75431],{},[652,75432,55600,75433,978],{"href":74858},[15,75434,64394],{},[33,75436,75437],{},[652,75438,3870,75439,3803],{"href":74604},[15,75440,74507],{},[33,75442,75443],{},[652,75444,74890],{"href":74889},[33,75446,75447],{},[652,75448,74305],{"href":73622},[33,75450,75451],{},[652,75452,55600,75453,978],{"href":55040},[15,75454,13059],{},[2222,75456,75457],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":75459},[75460,75461,75463,75464,75465,75467,75468,75475,75477,75478,75487],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":73683,"depth":124,"text":75462},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":74042,"depth":124,"text":75466},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74308,"depth":124,"text":74309},{"id":74502,"depth":124,"text":75469,"children":75470},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75471,75472,75473,75474],{"id":73660,"depth":144,"text":73604},{"id":74597,"depth":144,"text":74507},{"id":74719,"depth":144,"text":74720},{"id":74834,"depth":144,"text":74835},{"id":74865,"depth":124,"text":75476},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":75479},[75480,75482,75484,75486],{"id":75334,"depth":144,"text":75481},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75343,"depth":144,"text":75483},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75361,"depth":144,"text":75485},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75372,"depth":144,"text":75373},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73596,"description":75488},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75495,"title":75496,"body":75497,"description":77930,"extension":2260,"meta":77931,"navigation":147,"path":77932,"seo":77933,"stem":77934,"__hash__":77935},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75498,"toc":77898},[75499,75502,75514,75517,75540,75548,75550,75662,75671,75675,75678,75681,75768,75770,75803,75805,75828,75834,75838,75841,75863,75865,75882,75885,75905,75907,76017,76019,76096,76100,76103,76146,76148,76281,76283,76385,76390,76394,76397,76399,76413,76416,76530,76532,76606,76608,76636,76640,76645,76675,76678,76804,76806,76888,76894,76898,76900,76939,76948,76952,76955,76959,77006,77008,77016,77020,77071,77073,77086,77088,77102,77105,77113,77115,77162,77164,77172,77175,77218,77223,77226,77229,77252,77256,77307,77310,77331,77341,77345,77347,77377,77380,77403,77407,77410,77477,77479,77516,77519,77527,77594,77596,77633,77639,77646,77650,77653,77683,77688,77692,77695,77719,77722,77816,77826,77828,77832,77835,77839,77842,77847,77850,77856,77859,77861,77889,77895],[10,75500,75496],{"id":75501},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75503,75504,75505,2487,75507,17341,75510,75513],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75506,36143],{},[15,75508,75509],{},"stop",[15,75511,75512],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75515,75516],{},"The basic slice form is:",[57,75518,75520],{"className":59,"code":75519,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75521,75522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75523,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75525,8632],{"class":72},[66,75527,223],{"class":80},[66,75529,36143],{"class":72},[66,75531,94],{"class":80},[66,75533,75509],{"class":72},[66,75535,94],{"class":80},[66,75537,75512],{"class":72},[66,75539,240],{"class":80},[20,75541,75542,75543,75545,75546,50],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75544,75509],{}," position is ",[185,75547,65152],{},[52,75549,55],{"id":54},[57,75551,75553],{"className":59,"code":75552,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75554,75555,75583,75587,75608,75626,75643],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75556,75557,75559,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75558,1706],{"class":72},[66,75560,77],{"class":76},[66,75562,1711],{"class":80},[66,75564,2628],{"class":117},[66,75566,105],{"class":80},[66,75568,118],{"class":117},[66,75570,105],{"class":80},[66,75572,8088],{"class":117},[66,75574,105],{"class":80},[66,75576,50922],{"class":117},[66,75578,105],{"class":80},[66,75580,5376],{"class":117},[66,75582,240],{"class":80},[66,75584,75585],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,75586,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,75588,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,75590,155],{"class":154},[66,75592,158],{"class":80},[66,75594,1735],{"class":137},[66,75596,223],{"class":80},[66,75598,1714],{"class":117},[66,75600,94],{"class":80},[66,75602,2803],{"class":117},[66,75604,20705],{"class":80},[66,75606,75607],{"class":1945},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[66,75609,75610,75612,75614,75616,75619,75621,75623],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,75611,155],{"class":154},[66,75613,158],{"class":80},[66,75615,1735],{"class":137},[66,75617,75618],{"class":80},"[:",[66,75620,2360],{"class":117},[66,75622,20705],{"class":80},[66,75624,75625],{"class":1945},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[66,75627,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,75629,155],{"class":154},[66,75631,158],{"class":80},[66,75633,1735],{"class":137},[66,75635,74205],{"class":80},[66,75637,2354],{"class":117},[66,75639,20705],{"class":80},[66,75641,75642],{"class":1945},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[66,75644,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,75646,155],{"class":154},[66,75648,158],{"class":80},[66,75650,1735],{"class":137},[66,75652,74205],{"class":80},[66,75654,2319],{"class":76},[66,75656,1714],{"class":117},[66,75658,20705],{"class":80},[66,75660,75661],{"class":1945},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75663,243,75664,75667,75668,75670],{},[15,75665,75666],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75669,75509],{}," value is not included.",[52,75672,75674],{"id":75673},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75676,75677],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75679,75680],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[57,75682,75684],{"className":59,"code":75683,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75685,75686,75734,75738,75757],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75687,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75689,36161],{"class":72},[66,75691,77],{"class":76},[66,75693,1711],{"class":80},[66,75695,85],{"class":84},[66,75697,652],{"class":88},[66,75699,85],{"class":84},[66,75701,105],{"class":80},[66,75703,97],{"class":84},[66,75705,1903],{"class":88},[66,75707,85],{"class":84},[66,75709,105],{"class":80},[66,75711,97],{"class":84},[66,75713,10027],{"class":88},[66,75715,85],{"class":84},[66,75717,105],{"class":80},[66,75719,97],{"class":84},[66,75721,19027],{"class":88},[66,75723,85],{"class":84},[66,75725,105],{"class":80},[66,75727,97],{"class":84},[66,75729,60529],{"class":88},[66,75731,85],{"class":84},[66,75733,240],{"class":80},[66,75735,75736],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,75737,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,75739,75740,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,75741,75742],{"class":72},"part ",[66,75744,77],{"class":76},[66,75746,70179],{"class":72},[66,75748,223],{"class":80},[66,75750,1714],{"class":117},[66,75752,94],{"class":80},[66,75754,2803],{"class":117},[66,75756,240],{"class":80},[66,75758,75759,75761,75763,75766],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,75760,155],{"class":154},[66,75762,158],{"class":80},[66,75764,75765],{"class":137},"part",[66,75767,163],{"class":80},[20,75769,187],{},[57,75771,75773],{"className":59,"code":75772,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75774,75775],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75776,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75778,223],{"class":80},[66,75780,202],{"class":84},[66,75782,1903],{"class":88},[66,75784,202],{"class":84},[66,75786,105],{"class":80},[66,75788,211],{"class":84},[66,75790,10027],{"class":88},[66,75792,202],{"class":84},[66,75794,105],{"class":80},[66,75796,211],{"class":84},[66,75798,19027],{"class":88},[66,75800,202],{"class":84},[66,75802,240],{"class":80},[20,75804,13332],{},[30,75806,75807,75810,75813,75819,75825],{},[33,75808,75809],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75811,75812],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75814,75815,75816],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75817,75818],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75820,75821,75822,75824],{},"The item at ",[15,75823,75509],{}," is not included",[33,75826,75827],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75829,75830,75831,50],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[652,75832,75833],{"href":51058},"beginner guide to Python lists",[52,75835,75837],{"id":75836},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75839,75840],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[57,75842,75843],{"className":59,"code":75519,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,75844,75845],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75846,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75848,8632],{"class":72},[66,75850,223],{"class":80},[66,75852,36143],{"class":72},[66,75854,94],{"class":80},[66,75856,75509],{"class":72},[66,75858,94],{"class":80},[66,75860,75512],{"class":72},[66,75862,240],{"class":80},[20,75864,65128],{},[30,75866,75867,75872,75877],{},[33,75868,75869,75871],{},[15,75870,36143],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75873,75874,75876],{},[15,75875,75509],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75878,75879,75881],{},[15,75880,75512],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75883,75884],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75886,75887,75893,75898],{},[33,75888,75889,75890,75892],{},"Missing ",[15,75891,36143],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75894,75889,75895,75897],{},[15,75896,75509],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75899,75889,75900,75902,75903],{},[15,75901,75512],{}," means use ",[15,75904,1714],{},[20,75906,281],{},[57,75908,75910],{"className":59,"code":75909,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75911,75912,75940,75944,75965,75982,76000],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,75913,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,75915,1706],{"class":72},[66,75917,77],{"class":76},[66,75919,1711],{"class":80},[66,75921,2628],{"class":117},[66,75923,105],{"class":80},[66,75925,118],{"class":117},[66,75927,105],{"class":80},[66,75929,8088],{"class":117},[66,75931,105],{"class":80},[66,75933,50922],{"class":117},[66,75935,105],{"class":80},[66,75937,5376],{"class":117},[66,75939,240],{"class":80},[66,75941,75942],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,75943,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,75945,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,75947,155],{"class":154},[66,75949,158],{"class":80},[66,75951,1735],{"class":137},[66,75953,223],{"class":80},[66,75955,1714],{"class":117},[66,75957,94],{"class":80},[66,75959,2803],{"class":117},[66,75961,20705],{"class":80},[66,75963,75964],{"class":1945},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[66,75966,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,75968,155],{"class":154},[66,75970,158],{"class":80},[66,75972,1735],{"class":137},[66,75974,75618],{"class":80},[66,75976,2360],{"class":117},[66,75978,20705],{"class":80},[66,75980,75981],{"class":1945},"    # start from the beginning\n",[66,75983,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75997],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,75985,155],{"class":154},[66,75987,158],{"class":80},[66,75989,1735],{"class":137},[66,75991,223],{"class":80},[66,75993,2354],{"class":117},[66,75995,75996],{"class":80},":])",[66,75998,75999],{"class":1945},"    # go to the end\n",[66,76001,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,76003,155],{"class":154},[66,76005,158],{"class":80},[66,76007,1735],{"class":137},[66,76009,74205],{"class":80},[66,76011,1714],{"class":117},[66,76013,20705],{"class":80},[66,76015,76016],{"class":1945},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76018,187],{},[57,76020,76022],{"className":59,"code":76021,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76023,76024,76040,76056,76072],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76025,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76027,223],{"class":80},[66,76029,16028],{"class":117},[66,76031,105],{"class":80},[66,76033,8088],{"class":117},[66,76035,105],{"class":80},[66,76037,50922],{"class":117},[66,76039,240],{"class":80},[66,76041,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76043,223],{"class":80},[66,76045,2628],{"class":117},[66,76047,105],{"class":80},[66,76049,118],{"class":117},[66,76051,105],{"class":80},[66,76053,8088],{"class":117},[66,76055,240],{"class":80},[66,76057,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,76059,223],{"class":80},[66,76061,36913],{"class":117},[66,76063,105],{"class":80},[66,76065,50922],{"class":117},[66,76067,105],{"class":80},[66,76069,5376],{"class":117},[66,76071,240],{"class":80},[66,76073,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,76075,223],{"class":80},[66,76077,2628],{"class":117},[66,76079,105],{"class":80},[66,76081,118],{"class":117},[66,76083,105],{"class":80},[66,76085,8088],{"class":117},[66,76087,105],{"class":80},[66,76089,50922],{"class":117},[66,76091,105],{"class":80},[66,76093,5376],{"class":117},[66,76095,240],{"class":80},[52,76097,76099],{"id":76098},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76101,76102],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,76104,76105,76114,76123,76134,76140],{},[33,76106,76107,76110,76111,6258],{},[15,76108,76109],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76112,76113],{},"n",[33,76115,76116,76119,76120,76122],{},[15,76117,76118],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76121,76113],{}," to the end",[33,76124,76125,76128,76129,76131,76132],{},[15,76126,76127],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76130,652],{}," up to ",[15,76133,1903],{},[33,76135,76136,76139],{},[15,76137,76138],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,76141,76142,76145],{},[15,76143,76144],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76147,281],{},[57,76149,76151],{"className":59,"code":76150,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76152,76153,76186,76190,76207,76224,76245,76262],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76154,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76184],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76156,1706],{"class":72},[66,76158,77],{"class":76},[66,76160,1711],{"class":80},[66,76162,2628],{"class":117},[66,76164,105],{"class":80},[66,76166,118],{"class":117},[66,76168,105],{"class":80},[66,76170,8088],{"class":117},[66,76172,105],{"class":80},[66,76174,50922],{"class":117},[66,76176,105],{"class":80},[66,76178,5376],{"class":117},[66,76180,105],{"class":80},[66,76182,76183],{"class":117}," 60",[66,76185,240],{"class":80},[66,76187,76188],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76189,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,76191,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,76193,155],{"class":154},[66,76195,158],{"class":80},[66,76197,1735],{"class":137},[66,76199,75618],{"class":80},[66,76201,2360],{"class":117},[66,76203,20705],{"class":80},[66,76205,76206],{"class":1945},"    # first 3 items\n",[66,76208,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,76210,155],{"class":154},[66,76212,158],{"class":80},[66,76214,1735],{"class":137},[66,76216,223],{"class":80},[66,76218,2360],{"class":117},[66,76220,75996],{"class":80},[66,76222,76223],{"class":1945},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[66,76225,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,76227,155],{"class":154},[66,76229,158],{"class":80},[66,76231,1735],{"class":137},[66,76233,223],{"class":80},[66,76235,1714],{"class":117},[66,76237,94],{"class":80},[66,76239,2433],{"class":117},[66,76241,20705],{"class":80},[66,76243,76244],{"class":1945},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[66,76246,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,76248,155],{"class":154},[66,76250,158],{"class":80},[66,76252,1735],{"class":137},[66,76254,74205],{"class":80},[66,76256,2354],{"class":117},[66,76258,20705],{"class":80},[66,76260,76261],{"class":1945},"   # every second item\n",[66,76263,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,76265,155],{"class":154},[66,76267,158],{"class":80},[66,76269,1735],{"class":137},[66,76271,74205],{"class":80},[66,76273,2319],{"class":76},[66,76275,1714],{"class":117},[66,76277,20705],{"class":80},[66,76279,76280],{"class":1945},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76282,187],{},[57,76284,76286],{"className":59,"code":76285,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76287,76288,76304,76320,76340,76356],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76289,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76291,223],{"class":80},[66,76293,2628],{"class":117},[66,76295,105],{"class":80},[66,76297,118],{"class":117},[66,76299,105],{"class":80},[66,76301,8088],{"class":117},[66,76303,240],{"class":80},[66,76305,76306,76308,76310,76312,76314,76316,76318],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76307,223],{"class":80},[66,76309,56773],{"class":117},[66,76311,105],{"class":80},[66,76313,5376],{"class":117},[66,76315,105],{"class":80},[66,76317,76183],{"class":117},[66,76319,240],{"class":80},[66,76321,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,76323,223],{"class":80},[66,76325,16028],{"class":117},[66,76327,105],{"class":80},[66,76329,8088],{"class":117},[66,76331,105],{"class":80},[66,76333,50922],{"class":117},[66,76335,105],{"class":80},[66,76337,5376],{"class":117},[66,76339,240],{"class":80},[66,76341,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,76343,223],{"class":80},[66,76345,2628],{"class":117},[66,76347,105],{"class":80},[66,76349,8088],{"class":117},[66,76351,105],{"class":80},[66,76353,5376],{"class":117},[66,76355,240],{"class":80},[66,76357,76358,76360,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,76359,223],{"class":80},[66,76361,76362],{"class":117},"60",[66,76364,105],{"class":80},[66,76366,5376],{"class":117},[66,76368,105],{"class":80},[66,76370,50922],{"class":117},[66,76372,105],{"class":80},[66,76374,8088],{"class":117},[66,76376,105],{"class":80},[66,76378,118],{"class":117},[66,76380,105],{"class":80},[66,76382,6297],{"class":117},[66,76384,240],{"class":80},[20,76386,76387,76388,50],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[652,76389,15163],{"href":57300},[52,76391,76393],{"id":76392},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76395,76396],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76398,5767],{},[30,76400,76401,76407],{},[33,76402,76403,76406],{},[15,76404,76405],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,76408,76409,76412],{},[15,76410,76411],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76414,76415],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[57,76417,76419],{"className":59,"code":76418,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76420,76421,76469,76473,76492,76511],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76422,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76424,36161],{"class":72},[66,76426,77],{"class":76},[66,76428,1711],{"class":80},[66,76430,85],{"class":84},[66,76432,652],{"class":88},[66,76434,85],{"class":84},[66,76436,105],{"class":80},[66,76438,97],{"class":84},[66,76440,1903],{"class":88},[66,76442,85],{"class":84},[66,76444,105],{"class":80},[66,76446,97],{"class":84},[66,76448,10027],{"class":88},[66,76450,85],{"class":84},[66,76452,105],{"class":80},[66,76454,97],{"class":84},[66,76456,19027],{"class":88},[66,76458,85],{"class":84},[66,76460,105],{"class":80},[66,76462,97],{"class":84},[66,76464,60529],{"class":88},[66,76466,85],{"class":84},[66,76468,240],{"class":80},[66,76470,76471],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76472,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,76474,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,76476,155],{"class":154},[66,76478,158],{"class":80},[66,76480,36214],{"class":137},[66,76482,223],{"class":80},[66,76484,2319],{"class":76},[66,76486,1714],{"class":117},[66,76488,20705],{"class":80},[66,76490,76491],{"class":1945},"    # last item\n",[66,76493,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,76495,155],{"class":154},[66,76497,158],{"class":80},[66,76499,36214],{"class":137},[66,76501,223],{"class":80},[66,76503,2319],{"class":76},[66,76505,2360],{"class":117},[66,76507,75996],{"class":80},[66,76509,76510],{"class":1945},"   # last 3 items\n",[66,76512,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,76514,155],{"class":154},[66,76516,158],{"class":80},[66,76518,36214],{"class":137},[66,76520,75618],{"class":80},[66,76522,2319],{"class":76},[66,76524,1714],{"class":117},[66,76526,20705],{"class":80},[66,76528,76529],{"class":1945},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76531,187],{},[57,76533,76535],{"className":59,"code":76534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76536,76537,76542,76570],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76538,76539],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76540,76541],{"class":72},"e\n",[66,76543,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76545,223],{"class":80},[66,76547,202],{"class":84},[66,76549,10027],{"class":88},[66,76551,202],{"class":84},[66,76553,105],{"class":80},[66,76555,211],{"class":84},[66,76557,19027],{"class":88},[66,76559,202],{"class":84},[66,76561,105],{"class":80},[66,76563,211],{"class":84},[66,76565,60529],{"class":88},[66,76567,202],{"class":84},[66,76569,240],{"class":80},[66,76571,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,76573,223],{"class":80},[66,76575,202],{"class":84},[66,76577,652],{"class":88},[66,76579,202],{"class":84},[66,76581,105],{"class":80},[66,76583,211],{"class":84},[66,76585,1903],{"class":88},[66,76587,202],{"class":84},[66,76589,105],{"class":80},[66,76591,211],{"class":84},[66,76593,10027],{"class":88},[66,76595,202],{"class":84},[66,76597,105],{"class":80},[66,76599,211],{"class":84},[66,76601,19027],{"class":88},[66,76603,202],{"class":84},[66,76605,240],{"class":80},[20,76607,13332],{},[30,76609,76610,76613,76617,76623,76629],{},[33,76611,76612],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76614,76615,76406],{},[15,76616,76405],{},[33,76618,76619,76622],{},[15,76620,76621],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76624,76625,76628],{},[15,76626,76627],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76630,76631,76632,4688,76634],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76633,36143],{},[15,76635,75509],{},[52,76637,76639],{"id":76638},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76641,2277,76642,76644],{},[15,76643,75512],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76646,76647,76650,76653,76658,76668],{},[33,76648,76649],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76651,76652],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76654,76655,76657],{},[15,76656,76144],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76659,9168,76660,76662,76663,76665,76666],{},[15,76661,75512],{}," is negative, ",[15,76664,36143],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76667,75509],{},[33,76669,76670,76672,76673],{},[15,76671,75512],{}," cannot be ",[15,76674,2021],{},[20,76676,76677],{},"Example with different step values:",[57,76679,76681],{"className":59,"code":76680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76682,76683,76715,76719,76736,76758,76777],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76684,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76686,1706],{"class":72},[66,76688,77],{"class":76},[66,76690,1711],{"class":80},[66,76692,2628],{"class":117},[66,76694,105],{"class":80},[66,76696,118],{"class":117},[66,76698,105],{"class":80},[66,76700,8088],{"class":117},[66,76702,105],{"class":80},[66,76704,50922],{"class":117},[66,76706,105],{"class":80},[66,76708,5376],{"class":117},[66,76710,105],{"class":80},[66,76712,76183],{"class":117},[66,76714,240],{"class":80},[66,76716,76717],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76718,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,76720,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,76722,155],{"class":154},[66,76724,158],{"class":80},[66,76726,1735],{"class":137},[66,76728,74205],{"class":80},[66,76730,2354],{"class":117},[66,76732,20705],{"class":80},[66,76734,76735],{"class":1945},"     # every second item\n",[66,76737,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76751,76753,76755],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,76739,155],{"class":154},[66,76741,158],{"class":80},[66,76743,1735],{"class":137},[66,76745,223],{"class":80},[66,76747,1714],{"class":117},[66,76749,76750],{"class":80},"::",[66,76752,2354],{"class":117},[66,76754,20705],{"class":80},[66,76756,76757],{"class":1945},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[66,76759,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,76761,155],{"class":154},[66,76763,158],{"class":80},[66,76765,1735],{"class":137},[66,76767,74205],{"class":80},[66,76769,2319],{"class":76},[66,76771,1714],{"class":117},[66,76773,20705],{"class":80},[66,76775,76776],{"class":1945},"    # reverse the list\n",[66,76778,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,76780,155],{"class":154},[66,76782,158],{"class":80},[66,76784,1735],{"class":137},[66,76786,223],{"class":80},[66,76788,2803],{"class":117},[66,76790,94],{"class":80},[66,76792,1714],{"class":117},[66,76794,94],{"class":80},[66,76796,2319],{"class":76},[66,76798,1714],{"class":117},[66,76800,20705],{"class":80},[66,76802,76803],{"class":1945},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76805,187],{},[57,76807,76809],{"className":59,"code":76808,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76810,76811,76827,76843,76871],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76812,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76814,223],{"class":80},[66,76816,2628],{"class":117},[66,76818,105],{"class":80},[66,76820,8088],{"class":117},[66,76822,105],{"class":80},[66,76824,5376],{"class":117},[66,76826,240],{"class":80},[66,76828,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76830,223],{"class":80},[66,76832,16028],{"class":117},[66,76834,105],{"class":80},[66,76836,50922],{"class":117},[66,76838,105],{"class":80},[66,76840,76183],{"class":117},[66,76842,240],{"class":80},[66,76844,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,76846,223],{"class":80},[66,76848,76362],{"class":117},[66,76850,105],{"class":80},[66,76852,5376],{"class":117},[66,76854,105],{"class":80},[66,76856,50922],{"class":117},[66,76858,105],{"class":80},[66,76860,8088],{"class":117},[66,76862,105],{"class":80},[66,76864,118],{"class":117},[66,76866,105],{"class":80},[66,76868,6297],{"class":117},[66,76870,240],{"class":80},[66,76872,76873,76875,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,76874,223],{"class":80},[66,76876,76877],{"class":117},"50",[66,76879,105],{"class":80},[66,76881,50922],{"class":117},[66,76883,105],{"class":80},[66,76885,8088],{"class":117},[66,76887,240],{"class":80},[20,76889,76890,76891,50],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[652,76892,76893],{"href":74889},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1430,76895,76897],{"id":76896},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76899,1696],{},[57,76901,76903],{"className":59,"code":76902,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76904,76905,76925],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76906,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76908,1706],{"class":72},[66,76910,77],{"class":76},[66,76912,1711],{"class":80},[66,76914,1714],{"class":117},[66,76916,105],{"class":80},[66,76918,1719],{"class":117},[66,76920,105],{"class":80},[66,76922,1724],{"class":117},[66,76924,240],{"class":80},[66,76926,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76928,155],{"class":154},[66,76930,158],{"class":80},[66,76932,1735],{"class":137},[66,76934,74205],{"class":80},[66,76936,2021],{"class":117},[66,76938,218],{"class":80},[20,76940,76941,76942,76944,76945,76947],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76943,40778],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76946,2021],{}," does not make sense.",[52,76949,76951],{"id":76950},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76953,76954],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1430,76956,76958],{"id":76957},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[57,76960,76962],{"className":59,"code":76961,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76963,76964,76988,76992],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,76965,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,76967,1706],{"class":72},[66,76969,77],{"class":76},[66,76971,1711],{"class":80},[66,76973,2628],{"class":117},[66,76975,105],{"class":80},[66,76977,118],{"class":117},[66,76979,105],{"class":80},[66,76981,8088],{"class":117},[66,76983,105],{"class":80},[66,76985,50922],{"class":117},[66,76987,240],{"class":80},[66,76989,76990],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,76991,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,76993,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,76995,155],{"class":154},[66,76997,158],{"class":80},[66,76999,1735],{"class":137},[66,77001,223],{"class":80},[66,77003,2354],{"class":117},[66,77005,218],{"class":80},[20,77007,187],{},[57,77009,77010],{"className":59,"code":69923,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,77011,77012],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77013,77014],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77015,69923],{"class":117},[1430,77017,77019],{"id":77018},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[57,77021,77023],{"className":59,"code":77022,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77024,77025,77049,77053],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77026,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77028,1706],{"class":72},[66,77030,77],{"class":76},[66,77032,1711],{"class":80},[66,77034,2628],{"class":117},[66,77036,105],{"class":80},[66,77038,118],{"class":117},[66,77040,105],{"class":80},[66,77042,8088],{"class":117},[66,77044,105],{"class":80},[66,77046,50922],{"class":117},[66,77048,240],{"class":80},[66,77050,77051],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77052,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,77054,77055,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,77056,155],{"class":154},[66,77058,158],{"class":80},[66,77060,1735],{"class":137},[66,77062,223],{"class":80},[66,77064,2354],{"class":117},[66,77066,94],{"class":80},[66,77068,2360],{"class":117},[66,77070,218],{"class":80},[20,77072,187],{},[57,77074,77076],{"className":59,"code":77075,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[30]\n",[15,77077,77078],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77079,77080,77082,77084],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77081,223],{"class":80},[66,77083,36913],{"class":117},[66,77085,240],{"class":80},[20,77087,14039],{},[30,77089,77090,77096],{},[33,77091,77092,77095],{},[15,77093,77094],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,77097,77098,77101],{},[15,77099,77100],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77103,77104],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,77106,77107,77110],{},[33,77108,77109],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,77111,77112],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77114,281],{},[57,77116,77118],{"className":59,"code":77117,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77119,77120,77140,77144],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77121,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77123,1706],{"class":72},[66,77125,77],{"class":76},[66,77127,1711],{"class":80},[66,77129,2628],{"class":117},[66,77131,105],{"class":80},[66,77133,118],{"class":117},[66,77135,105],{"class":80},[66,77137,8088],{"class":117},[66,77139,240],{"class":80},[66,77141,77142],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77143,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,77145,77146,77148,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,77147,155],{"class":154},[66,77149,158],{"class":80},[66,77151,1735],{"class":137},[66,77153,223],{"class":80},[66,77155,2433],{"class":117},[66,77157,94],{"class":80},[66,77159,2628],{"class":117},[66,77161,218],{"class":80},[20,77163,187],{},[57,77165,77166],{"className":59,"code":38370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,77167,77168],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77169,77170],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77171,38370],{"class":80},[20,77173,77174],{},"But this would raise an error:",[57,77176,77178],{"className":59,"code":77177,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77179,77180,77200,77204],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77181,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77183,1706],{"class":72},[66,77185,77],{"class":76},[66,77187,1711],{"class":80},[66,77189,2628],{"class":117},[66,77191,105],{"class":80},[66,77193,118],{"class":117},[66,77195,105],{"class":80},[66,77197,8088],{"class":117},[66,77199,240],{"class":80},[66,77201,77202],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77203,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,77205,77206,77208,77210,77212,77214,77216],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,77207,155],{"class":154},[66,77209,158],{"class":80},[66,77211,1735],{"class":137},[66,77213,223],{"class":80},[66,77215,2433],{"class":117},[66,77217,218],{"class":80},[20,77219,77220,77221,50],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[652,77222,69342],{"href":69341},[52,77224,15451],{"id":77225},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77227,77228],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,77230,77231,77235,77237,77240,77246],{},[33,77232,5000,77233,75824],{},[15,77234,75509],{},[33,77236,60774],{},[33,77238,77239],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,77241,37276,77242,8997,77244],{},[15,77243,76144],{},[15,77245,73609],{},[33,77247,77248,77249,77251],{},"Using step ",[15,77250,2021],{},", which causes an error",[1430,77253,77255],{"id":77254},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[57,77257,77259],{"className":59,"code":77258,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77260,77261,77289],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77262,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77264,1706],{"class":72},[66,77266,77],{"class":76},[66,77268,1711],{"class":80},[66,77270,2628],{"class":117},[66,77272,105],{"class":80},[66,77274,118],{"class":117},[66,77276,105],{"class":80},[66,77278,8088],{"class":117},[66,77280,105],{"class":80},[66,77282,50922],{"class":117},[66,77284,105],{"class":80},[66,77286,5376],{"class":117},[66,77288,240],{"class":80},[66,77290,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303,77305],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77292,155],{"class":154},[66,77294,158],{"class":80},[66,77296,1735],{"class":137},[66,77298,223],{"class":80},[66,77300,1714],{"class":117},[66,77302,94],{"class":80},[66,77304,2803],{"class":117},[66,77306,218],{"class":80},[20,77308,77309],{},"This returns:",[57,77311,77313],{"className":59,"code":77312,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77314,77315],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77316,77317,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77318,223],{"class":80},[66,77320,16028],{"class":117},[66,77322,105],{"class":80},[66,77324,8088],{"class":117},[66,77326,105],{"class":80},[66,77328,50922],{"class":117},[66,77330,240],{"class":80},[20,77332,40980,77333,77335,77336,77338,77339,50],{},[185,77334,4926],{}," include ",[15,77337,76877],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77340,2803],{},[1430,77342,77344],{"id":77343},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77346,16918],{},[57,77348,77350],{"className":59,"code":77349,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77351,77352,77372],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77353,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77355,1706],{"class":72},[66,77357,77],{"class":76},[66,77359,1711],{"class":80},[66,77361,2628],{"class":117},[66,77363,105],{"class":80},[66,77365,118],{"class":117},[66,77367,105],{"class":80},[66,77369,8088],{"class":117},[66,77371,240],{"class":80},[66,77373,77374],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77375,77376],{"class":1945},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77378,77379],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[57,77381,77383],{"className":59,"code":77382,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77384,77385],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77386,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77388,155],{"class":154},[66,77390,158],{"class":80},[66,77392,1735],{"class":137},[66,77394,223],{"class":80},[66,77396,1714],{"class":117},[66,77398,94],{"class":80},[66,77400,2360],{"class":117},[66,77402,218],{"class":80},[1430,77404,77406],{"id":77405},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77408,77409],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[57,77411,77413],{"className":59,"code":77412,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77414,77415,77439,77453,77457,77467],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77416,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77418,1706],{"class":72},[66,77420,77],{"class":76},[66,77422,1711],{"class":80},[66,77424,2628],{"class":117},[66,77426,105],{"class":80},[66,77428,118],{"class":117},[66,77430,105],{"class":80},[66,77432,8088],{"class":117},[66,77434,105],{"class":80},[66,77436,50922],{"class":117},[66,77438,240],{"class":80},[66,77440,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77442,75742],{"class":72},[66,77444,77],{"class":76},[66,77446,4557],{"class":72},[66,77448,75618],{"class":80},[66,77450,2354],{"class":117},[66,77452,240],{"class":80},[66,77454,77455],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,77456,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,77458,77459,77461,77463,77465],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,77460,155],{"class":154},[66,77462,158],{"class":80},[66,77464,75765],{"class":137},[66,77466,163],{"class":80},[66,77468,77469,77471,77473,77475],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,77470,155],{"class":154},[66,77472,158],{"class":80},[66,77474,1735],{"class":137},[66,77476,163],{"class":80},[20,77478,187],{},[57,77480,77482],{"className":59,"code":77481,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77483,77484,77496],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77485,77486,77488,77490,77492,77494],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77487,223],{"class":80},[66,77489,2628],{"class":117},[66,77491,105],{"class":80},[66,77493,118],{"class":117},[66,77495,240],{"class":80},[66,77497,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512,77514],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77499,223],{"class":80},[66,77501,2628],{"class":117},[66,77503,105],{"class":80},[66,77505,118],{"class":117},[66,77507,105],{"class":80},[66,77509,8088],{"class":117},[66,77511,105],{"class":80},[66,77513,50922],{"class":117},[66,77515,240],{"class":80},[20,77517,77518],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1430,77520,77522,77523,8997,77525],{"id":77521},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77524,76144],{},[15,77526,73609],{},[57,77528,77530],{"className":59,"code":77529,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77531,77532,77552,77556,77573,77584],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77533,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542,77544,77546,77548,77550],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77535,1706],{"class":72},[66,77537,77],{"class":76},[66,77539,1711],{"class":80},[66,77541,2628],{"class":117},[66,77543,105],{"class":80},[66,77545,118],{"class":117},[66,77547,105],{"class":80},[66,77549,8088],{"class":117},[66,77551,240],{"class":80},[66,77553,77554],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77555,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,77557,77558,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,77559,77560],{"class":72},"reversed_copy ",[66,77562,77],{"class":76},[66,77564,4557],{"class":72},[66,77566,74205],{"class":80},[66,77568,2319],{"class":76},[66,77570,1714],{"class":117},[66,77572,240],{"class":80},[66,77574,77575,77577,77579,77582],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,77576,155],{"class":154},[66,77578,158],{"class":80},[66,77580,77581],{"class":137},"reversed_copy",[66,77583,163],{"class":80},[66,77585,77586,77588,77590,77592],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,77587,155],{"class":154},[66,77589,158],{"class":80},[66,77591,1735],{"class":137},[66,77593,163],{"class":80},[20,77595,187],{},[57,77597,77599],{"className":59,"code":77598,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77600,77601,77617],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77602,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77604,223],{"class":80},[66,77606,36913],{"class":117},[66,77608,105],{"class":80},[66,77610,118],{"class":117},[66,77612,105],{"class":80},[66,77614,6297],{"class":117},[66,77616,240],{"class":80},[66,77618,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77620,223],{"class":80},[66,77622,2628],{"class":117},[66,77624,105],{"class":80},[66,77626,118],{"class":117},[66,77628,105],{"class":80},[66,77630,8088],{"class":117},[66,77632,240],{"class":80},[20,77634,77635,77638],{},[15,77636,77637],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77640,77641,77642,77645],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77643,77644],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1430,77647,77649],{"id":77648},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77651,77652],{},"This is not allowed:",[57,77654,77656],{"className":59,"code":77655,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77657,77658,77678],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77659,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77661,1706],{"class":72},[66,77663,77],{"class":76},[66,77665,1711],{"class":80},[66,77667,2628],{"class":117},[66,77669,105],{"class":80},[66,77671,118],{"class":117},[66,77673,105],{"class":80},[66,77675,8088],{"class":117},[66,77677,240],{"class":80},[66,77679,77680],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77681,77682],{"class":1945},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77684,77685,77686,50],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77687,40778],{},[52,77689,77691],{"id":77690},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77693,77694],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77696,77697,77704,77710,77713,77716],{},[33,77698,37276,77699,4688,77701,77703],{},[15,77700,36143],{},[15,77702,75509],{}," positions",[33,77705,77706,77707,77709],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77708,75509],{}," index is included",[33,77711,77712],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77714,77715],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77717,77718],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77720,77721],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[57,77723,77725],{"className":59,"code":77724,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77726,77727,77737,77751,77769,77783,77800],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77728,77729,77731,77733,77735],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77730,155],{"class":154},[66,77732,158],{"class":80},[66,77734,8632],{"class":137},[66,77736,163],{"class":80},[66,77738,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77740,155],{"class":154},[66,77742,158],{"class":80},[66,77744,11445],{"class":154},[66,77746,158],{"class":80},[66,77748,8632],{"class":137},[66,77750,181],{"class":80},[66,77752,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,77754,155],{"class":154},[66,77756,158],{"class":80},[66,77758,8632],{"class":137},[66,77760,223],{"class":80},[66,77762,1714],{"class":117},[66,77764,94],{"class":80},[66,77766,2803],{"class":117},[66,77768,218],{"class":80},[66,77770,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,77772,155],{"class":154},[66,77774,158],{"class":80},[66,77776,8632],{"class":137},[66,77778,75618],{"class":80},[66,77780,2360],{"class":117},[66,77782,218],{"class":80},[66,77784,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,77786,155],{"class":154},[66,77788,158],{"class":80},[66,77790,8632],{"class":137},[66,77792,223],{"class":80},[66,77794,2319],{"class":76},[66,77796,2360],{"class":117},[66,77798,77799],{"class":80},":])\n",[66,77801,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812,77814],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,77803,155],{"class":154},[66,77805,158],{"class":80},[66,77807,8632],{"class":137},[66,77809,74205],{"class":80},[66,77811,2319],{"class":76},[66,77813,1714],{"class":117},[66,77815,218],{"class":80},[20,77817,1848,77818,77820,77821,77825],{},[15,77819,42436],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[652,77822,77824],{"href":77823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[52,77827,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,77829,77831],{"id":77830},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77833,77834],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1430,77836,77838],{"id":77837},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77840,77841],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1430,77843,5438,77845,40034],{"id":77844},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77846,76144],{},[20,77848,77849],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1430,77851,77853,77854,2151],{"id":77852},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77855,70814],{},[20,77857,77858],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[52,77860,2183],{"id":2182},[30,77862,77863,77868,77873,77877,77881,77885],{},[33,77864,77865],{},[652,77866,77867],{"href":51058},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77869,77870],{},[652,77871,77872],{"href":57234},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77874,77875],{},[652,77876,15239],{"href":57300},[33,77878,77879],{},[652,77880,74890],{"href":74889},[33,77882,77883],{},[652,77884,77824],{"href":77823},[33,77886,77887],{},[652,77888,69342],{"href":69341},[20,77890,77891,77892,77894],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77893,42436],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2222,77896,77897],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":77899},[77900,77901,77902,77903,77904,77905,77908,77912,77920,77921,77929],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":75673,"depth":124,"text":75674},{"id":75836,"depth":124,"text":75837},{"id":76098,"depth":124,"text":76099},{"id":76392,"depth":124,"text":76393},{"id":76638,"depth":124,"text":76639,"children":77906},[77907],{"id":76896,"depth":144,"text":76897},{"id":76950,"depth":124,"text":76951,"children":77909},[77910,77911],{"id":76957,"depth":144,"text":76958},{"id":77018,"depth":144,"text":77019},{"id":77225,"depth":124,"text":15451,"children":77913},[77914,77915,77916,77917,77919],{"id":77254,"depth":144,"text":77255},{"id":77343,"depth":144,"text":77344},{"id":77405,"depth":144,"text":77406},{"id":77521,"depth":144,"text":77918},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77648,"depth":144,"text":77649},{"id":77690,"depth":124,"text":77691},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":77922},[77923,77924,77925,77927],{"id":77830,"depth":144,"text":77831},{"id":77837,"depth":144,"text":77838},{"id":77844,"depth":144,"text":77926},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77852,"depth":144,"text":77928},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75496,"description":77930},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77937,"title":77938,"body":77939,"description":80008,"extension":2260,"meta":80009,"navigation":147,"path":80010,"seo":80011,"stem":80012,"__hash__":80013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77940,"toc":79974},[77941,77946,77952,77958,77960,78007,78014,78019,78023,78038,78041,78094,78096,78121,78126,78128,78160,78163,78179,78181,78242,78244,78269,78273,78278,78331,78333,78358,78363,78424,78426,78451,78454,78461,78465,78468,78529,78531,78564,78567,78628,78630,78663,78669,78742,78744,78776,78783,78788,78793,78795,78807,78810,78888,78890,78931,78934,79008,79010,79043,79048,79055,79062,79066,79075,79079,79087,79089,79156,79158,79194,79199,79210,79212,79217,79222,79224,79287,79289,79314,79321,79326,79330,79333,79373,79378,79384,79389,79391,79418,79423,79426,79473,79475,79532,79539,79544,79550,79619,79623,79626,79689,79691,79724,79729,79731,79734,79815,79817,79841,79847,79849,79854,79858,79865,79873,79877,79879,79902,79906,79908,79935,79938,79945,79948,79950,79971],[10,77942,54422,77944,18],{"id":77943},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77945,64394],{},[20,77947,77948,77951],{},[15,77949,77950],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77953,77954,77955,77957],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77956,64394],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[52,77959,55],{"id":54},[57,77961,77963],{"className":59,"code":77962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77964,77965,77985,77995],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,77966,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,77968,1706],{"class":72},[66,77970,77],{"class":76},[66,77972,1711],{"class":80},[66,77974,2360],{"class":117},[66,77976,105],{"class":80},[66,77978,1896],{"class":117},[66,77980,105],{"class":80},[66,77982,1719],{"class":117},[66,77984,240],{"class":80},[66,77986,77987,77989,77991,77993],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,77988,1735],{"class":72},[66,77990,50],{"class":80},[66,77992,34868],{"class":137},[66,77994,141],{"class":80},[66,77996,77997,77999,78001,78003,78005],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,77998,155],{"class":154},[66,78000,158],{"class":80},[66,78002,1735],{"class":137},[66,78004,3954],{"class":80},[66,78006,55012],{"class":1945},[20,78008,243,78009,78011,78012,50],{},[15,78010,77950],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78013,4071],{},[52,78015,250,78017,253],{"id":78016},"what-listsort-does",[15,78018,77950],{},[20,78020,78021,94],{},[15,78022,77950],{},[30,78024,78025,78028,78031,78035],{},[33,78026,78027],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,78029,78030],{},"Changes the original list",[33,78032,11706,78033],{},[15,78034,4071],{},[33,78036,78037],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78039,78040],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[57,78042,78044],{"className":59,"code":78043,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78045,78046,78070,78080,78084],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78047,78048,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78049,1706],{"class":72},[66,78051,77],{"class":76},[66,78053,1711],{"class":80},[66,78055,2433],{"class":117},[66,78057,105],{"class":80},[66,78059,1719],{"class":117},[66,78061,105],{"class":80},[66,78063,54216],{"class":117},[66,78065,105],{"class":80},[66,78067,1896],{"class":117},[66,78069,240],{"class":80},[66,78071,78072,78074,78076,78078],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78073,1735],{"class":72},[66,78075,50],{"class":80},[66,78077,34868],{"class":137},[66,78079,141],{"class":80},[66,78081,78082],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78083,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78085,78086,78088,78090,78092],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,78087,155],{"class":154},[66,78089,158],{"class":80},[66,78091,1735],{"class":137},[66,78093,163],{"class":80},[20,78095,187],{},[57,78097,78099],{"className":59,"code":78098,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78100,78101],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78102,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78104,223],{"class":80},[66,78106,1714],{"class":117},[66,78108,105],{"class":80},[66,78110,1719],{"class":117},[66,78112,105],{"class":80},[66,78114,1231],{"class":117},[66,78116,105],{"class":80},[66,78118,54216],{"class":117},[66,78120,240],{"class":80},[20,78122,78123,78124,50],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[652,78125,67160],{"href":51058},[52,78127,2455],{"id":2454},[57,78129,78131],{"className":59,"code":78130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78132,78133],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78134,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78154,78156,78158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78136,8632],{"class":72},[66,78138,50],{"class":80},[66,78140,34868],{"class":137},[66,78142,158],{"class":80},[66,78144,1086],{"class":9467},[66,78146,77],{"class":76},[66,78148,4071],{"class":4146},[66,78150,105],{"class":80},[66,78152,78153],{"class":9467}," reverse",[66,78155,77],{"class":76},[66,78157,3967],{"class":4146},[66,78159,163],{"class":80},[20,78161,78162],{},"Main arguments:",[30,78164,78165,78170,78176],{},[33,78166,78167,78169],{},[15,78168,1086],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,78171,78172,78175],{},[15,78173,78174],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,78177,78178],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78180,281],{},[57,78182,78184],{"className":59,"code":78183,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78185,78186,78210,78228,78232],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78187,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78189,1706],{"class":72},[66,78191,77],{"class":76},[66,78193,1711],{"class":80},[66,78195,2803],{"class":117},[66,78197,105],{"class":80},[66,78199,1896],{"class":117},[66,78201,105],{"class":80},[66,78203,6286],{"class":117},[66,78205,105],{"class":80},[66,78207,1719],{"class":117},[66,78209,240],{"class":80},[66,78211,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222,78224,78226],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78213,1735],{"class":72},[66,78215,50],{"class":80},[66,78217,34868],{"class":137},[66,78219,158],{"class":80},[66,78221,73660],{"class":9467},[66,78223,77],{"class":76},[66,78225,1386],{"class":4146},[66,78227,163],{"class":80},[66,78229,78230],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78231,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78233,78234,78236,78238,78240],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,78235,155],{"class":154},[66,78237,158],{"class":80},[66,78239,1735],{"class":137},[66,78241,163],{"class":80},[20,78243,187],{},[57,78245,78247],{"className":59,"code":78246,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78248,78249],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78250,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78252,223],{"class":80},[66,78254,2322],{"class":117},[66,78256,105],{"class":80},[66,78258,2755],{"class":117},[66,78260,105],{"class":80},[66,78262,1719],{"class":117},[66,78264,105],{"class":80},[66,78266,1896],{"class":117},[66,78268,240],{"class":80},[52,78270,78272],{"id":78271},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78274,243,78275,78277],{},[15,78276,64394],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[57,78279,78281],{"className":59,"code":78280,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78282,78283,78307,78317,78321],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78284,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78286,1706],{"class":72},[66,78288,77],{"class":76},[66,78290,1711],{"class":80},[66,78292,2628],{"class":117},[66,78294,105],{"class":80},[66,78296,1724],{"class":117},[66,78298,105],{"class":80},[66,78300,6652],{"class":117},[66,78302,105],{"class":80},[66,78304,1896],{"class":117},[66,78306,240],{"class":80},[66,78308,78309,78311,78313,78315],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78310,1735],{"class":72},[66,78312,50],{"class":80},[66,78314,34868],{"class":137},[66,78316,141],{"class":80},[66,78318,78319],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78320,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78322,78323,78325,78327,78329],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,78324,155],{"class":154},[66,78326,158],{"class":80},[66,78328,1735],{"class":137},[66,78330,163],{"class":80},[20,78332,187],{},[57,78334,78336],{"className":59,"code":78335,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78337,78338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78339,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78341,223],{"class":80},[66,78343,1714],{"class":117},[66,78345,105],{"class":80},[66,78347,1724],{"class":117},[66,78349,105],{"class":80},[66,78351,6652],{"class":117},[66,78353,105],{"class":80},[66,78355,6297],{"class":117},[66,78357,240],{"class":80},[20,78359,243,78360,78362],{},[15,78361,78174],{}," for descending order:",[57,78364,78366],{"className":59,"code":78365,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78367,78368,78392,78410,78414],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78369,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78371,1706],{"class":72},[66,78373,77],{"class":76},[66,78375,1711],{"class":80},[66,78377,2628],{"class":117},[66,78379,105],{"class":80},[66,78381,1724],{"class":117},[66,78383,105],{"class":80},[66,78385,6652],{"class":117},[66,78387,105],{"class":80},[66,78389,1896],{"class":117},[66,78391,240],{"class":80},[66,78393,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78395,1735],{"class":72},[66,78397,50],{"class":80},[66,78399,34868],{"class":137},[66,78401,158],{"class":80},[66,78403,73660],{"class":9467},[66,78405,77],{"class":76},[66,78407,1386],{"class":4146},[66,78409,163],{"class":80},[66,78411,78412],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78413,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78415,78416,78418,78420,78422],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,78417,155],{"class":154},[66,78419,158],{"class":80},[66,78421,1735],{"class":137},[66,78423,163],{"class":80},[20,78425,187],{},[57,78427,78429],{"className":59,"code":78428,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78430,78431],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78432,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78434,223],{"class":80},[66,78436,2628],{"class":117},[66,78438,105],{"class":80},[66,78440,6652],{"class":117},[66,78442,105],{"class":80},[66,78444,1724],{"class":117},[66,78446,105],{"class":80},[66,78448,1896],{"class":117},[66,78450,240],{"class":80},[20,78452,78453],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78455,78456,78457,50],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[652,78458,78460],{"href":78459},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[52,78462,78464],{"id":78463},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78466,78467],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[57,78469,78471],{"className":59,"code":78470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78472,78473,78505,78515,78519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78474,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78476,4363],{"class":72},[66,78478,77],{"class":76},[66,78480,1711],{"class":80},[66,78482,85],{"class":84},[66,78484,4381],{"class":88},[66,78486,85],{"class":84},[66,78488,105],{"class":80},[66,78490,97],{"class":84},[66,78492,4372],{"class":88},[66,78494,85],{"class":84},[66,78496,105],{"class":80},[66,78498,97],{"class":84},[66,78500,4390],{"class":88},[66,78502,85],{"class":84},[66,78504,240],{"class":80},[66,78506,78507,78509,78511,78513],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78508,4407],{"class":72},[66,78510,50],{"class":80},[66,78512,34868],{"class":137},[66,78514,141],{"class":80},[66,78516,78517],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78518,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78520,78521,78523,78525,78527],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,78522,155],{"class":154},[66,78524,158],{"class":80},[66,78526,4407],{"class":137},[66,78528,163],{"class":80},[20,78530,187],{},[57,78532,78534],{"className":59,"code":78533,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78535,78536],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78537,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78539,223],{"class":80},[66,78541,202],{"class":84},[66,78543,4372],{"class":88},[66,78545,202],{"class":84},[66,78547,105],{"class":80},[66,78549,211],{"class":84},[66,78551,4381],{"class":88},[66,78553,202],{"class":84},[66,78555,105],{"class":80},[66,78557,211],{"class":84},[66,78559,4390],{"class":88},[66,78561,202],{"class":84},[66,78563,240],{"class":80},[20,78565,78566],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[57,78568,78570],{"className":59,"code":78569,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78571,78572,78604,78614,78618],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78573,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78575,4363],{"class":72},[66,78577,77],{"class":76},[66,78579,1711],{"class":80},[66,78581,85],{"class":84},[66,78583,4381],{"class":88},[66,78585,85],{"class":84},[66,78587,105],{"class":80},[66,78589,97],{"class":84},[66,78591,57849],{"class":88},[66,78593,85],{"class":84},[66,78595,105],{"class":80},[66,78597,97],{"class":84},[66,78599,4390],{"class":88},[66,78601,85],{"class":84},[66,78603,240],{"class":80},[66,78605,78606,78608,78610,78612],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78607,4407],{"class":72},[66,78609,50],{"class":80},[66,78611,34868],{"class":137},[66,78613,141],{"class":80},[66,78615,78616],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78617,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78619,78620,78622,78624,78626],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,78621,155],{"class":154},[66,78623,158],{"class":80},[66,78625,4407],{"class":137},[66,78627,163],{"class":80},[20,78629,187],{},[57,78631,78633],{"className":59,"code":78632,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78634,78635],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78636,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78638,223],{"class":80},[66,78640,202],{"class":84},[66,78642,57849],{"class":88},[66,78644,202],{"class":84},[66,78646,105],{"class":80},[66,78648,211],{"class":84},[66,78650,4381],{"class":88},[66,78652,202],{"class":84},[66,78654,105],{"class":80},[66,78656,211],{"class":84},[66,78658,4390],{"class":88},[66,78660,202],{"class":84},[66,78662,240],{"class":80},[20,78664,78665,78666,94],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78667,78668],{},"key=str.lower",[57,78670,78672],{"className":59,"code":78671,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78673,78674,78706,78728,78732],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78675,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78677,4363],{"class":72},[66,78679,77],{"class":76},[66,78681,1711],{"class":80},[66,78683,85],{"class":84},[66,78685,4381],{"class":88},[66,78687,85],{"class":84},[66,78689,105],{"class":80},[66,78691,97],{"class":84},[66,78693,57849],{"class":88},[66,78695,85],{"class":84},[66,78697,105],{"class":80},[66,78699,97],{"class":84},[66,78701,4390],{"class":88},[66,78703,85],{"class":84},[66,78705,240],{"class":80},[66,78707,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78709,4407],{"class":72},[66,78711,50],{"class":80},[66,78713,34868],{"class":137},[66,78715,158],{"class":80},[66,78717,1086],{"class":9467},[66,78719,77],{"class":76},[66,78721,3737],{"class":173},[66,78723,50],{"class":80},[66,78725,8933],{"class":784},[66,78727,163],{"class":80},[66,78729,78730],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78731,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78733,78734,78736,78738,78740],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,78735,155],{"class":154},[66,78737,158],{"class":80},[66,78739,4407],{"class":137},[66,78741,163],{"class":80},[20,78743,187],{},[57,78745,78746],{"className":59,"code":78632,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,78747,78748],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78749,78750,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78751,223],{"class":80},[66,78753,202],{"class":84},[66,78755,57849],{"class":88},[66,78757,202],{"class":84},[66,78759,105],{"class":80},[66,78761,211],{"class":84},[66,78763,4381],{"class":88},[66,78765,202],{"class":84},[66,78767,105],{"class":80},[66,78769,211],{"class":84},[66,78771,4390],{"class":88},[66,78773,202],{"class":84},[66,78775,240],{"class":80},[20,78777,78778,78779,78782],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78780,78781],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[52,78784,36684,78786,36687],{"id":78785},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78787,1086],{},[20,78789,2277,78790,78792],{},[15,78791,1086],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78794,7636],{},[30,78796,78797,78802],{},[33,78798,78799,78801],{},[15,78800,11445],{}," to sort by length",[33,78803,78804,78806],{},[15,78805,78781],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78808,78809],{},"Sort words by length:",[57,78811,78813],{"className":59,"code":78812,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78814,78815,78856,78874,78878],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78816,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78818,4363],{"class":72},[66,78820,77],{"class":76},[66,78822,1711],{"class":80},[66,78824,85],{"class":84},[66,78826,78827],{"class":88},"pear",[66,78829,85],{"class":84},[66,78831,105],{"class":80},[66,78833,97],{"class":84},[66,78835,4381],{"class":88},[66,78837,85],{"class":84},[66,78839,105],{"class":80},[66,78841,97],{"class":84},[66,78843,38431],{"class":88},[66,78845,85],{"class":84},[66,78847,105],{"class":80},[66,78849,97],{"class":84},[66,78851,4372],{"class":88},[66,78853,85],{"class":84},[66,78855,240],{"class":80},[66,78857,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78859,4407],{"class":72},[66,78861,50],{"class":80},[66,78863,34868],{"class":137},[66,78865,158],{"class":80},[66,78867,1086],{"class":9467},[66,78869,77],{"class":76},[66,78871,11445],{"class":154},[66,78873,163],{"class":80},[66,78875,78876],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78877,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78879,78880,78882,78884,78886],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,78881,155],{"class":154},[66,78883,158],{"class":80},[66,78885,4407],{"class":137},[66,78887,163],{"class":80},[20,78889,187],{},[57,78891,78893],{"className":59,"code":78892,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78894,78895],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78896,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78898,223],{"class":80},[66,78900,202],{"class":84},[66,78902,38431],{"class":88},[66,78904,202],{"class":84},[66,78906,105],{"class":80},[66,78908,211],{"class":84},[66,78910,78827],{"class":88},[66,78912,202],{"class":84},[66,78914,105],{"class":80},[66,78916,211],{"class":84},[66,78918,4372],{"class":88},[66,78920,202],{"class":84},[66,78922,105],{"class":80},[66,78924,211],{"class":84},[66,78926,4381],{"class":88},[66,78928,202],{"class":84},[66,78930,240],{"class":80},[20,78932,78933],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[57,78935,78937],{"className":59,"code":78936,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78938,78939,78972,78994,78998],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,78940,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78968,78970],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,78942,4363],{"class":72},[66,78944,77],{"class":76},[66,78946,1711],{"class":80},[66,78948,85],{"class":84},[66,78950,5308],{"class":88},[66,78952,85],{"class":84},[66,78954,105],{"class":80},[66,78956,97],{"class":84},[66,78958,18064],{"class":88},[66,78960,85],{"class":84},[66,78962,105],{"class":80},[66,78964,97],{"class":84},[66,78966,78967],{"class":88},"Carol",[66,78969,85],{"class":84},[66,78971,240],{"class":80},[66,78973,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,78975,4407],{"class":72},[66,78977,50],{"class":80},[66,78979,34868],{"class":137},[66,78981,158],{"class":80},[66,78983,1086],{"class":9467},[66,78985,77],{"class":76},[66,78987,3737],{"class":173},[66,78989,50],{"class":80},[66,78991,8933],{"class":784},[66,78993,163],{"class":80},[66,78995,78996],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,78997,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,78999,79000,79002,79004,79006],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,79001,155],{"class":154},[66,79003,158],{"class":80},[66,79005,4407],{"class":137},[66,79007,163],{"class":80},[20,79009,187],{},[57,79011,79013],{"className":59,"code":79012,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79014,79015],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79016,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79018,223],{"class":80},[66,79020,202],{"class":84},[66,79022,18064],{"class":88},[66,79024,202],{"class":84},[66,79026,105],{"class":80},[66,79028,211],{"class":84},[66,79030,5308],{"class":88},[66,79032,202],{"class":84},[66,79034,105],{"class":80},[66,79036,211],{"class":84},[66,79038,78967],{"class":88},[66,79040,202],{"class":84},[66,79042,240],{"class":80},[20,79044,2277,79045,79047],{},[15,79046,1086],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[52,79049,79051,10871,79053],{"id":79050},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79052,77950],{},[15,79054,74507],{},[20,79056,79057,4688,79059,79061],{},[15,79058,77950],{},[15,79060,74507],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79063,79064,94],{},[15,79065,77950],{},[30,79067,79068,79071],{},[33,79069,79070],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,79072,11706,79073],{},[15,79074,4071],{},[20,79076,79077,94],{},[15,79078,74507],{},[30,79080,79081,79084],{},[33,79082,79083],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,79085,79086],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79088,281],{},[57,79090,79092],{"className":59,"code":79091,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79093,79094,79114,79118,79132,79136,79146],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79095,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79097,1706],{"class":72},[66,79099,77],{"class":76},[66,79101,1711],{"class":80},[66,79103,2360],{"class":117},[66,79105,105],{"class":80},[66,79107,1896],{"class":117},[66,79109,105],{"class":80},[66,79111,1719],{"class":117},[66,79113,240],{"class":80},[66,79115,79116],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79117,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,79119,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,79121,55970],{"class":72},[66,79123,77],{"class":76},[66,79125,74641],{"class":154},[66,79127,158],{"class":80},[66,79129,1735],{"class":137},[66,79131,163],{"class":80},[66,79133,79134],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,79135,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,79137,79138,79140,79142,79144],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,79139,155],{"class":154},[66,79141,158],{"class":80},[66,79143,1735],{"class":137},[66,79145,163],{"class":80},[66,79147,79148,79150,79152,79154],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,79149,155],{"class":154},[66,79151,158],{"class":80},[66,79153,74364],{"class":137},[66,79155,163],{"class":80},[20,79157,187],{},[57,79159,79160],{"className":59,"code":74676,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,79161,79162,79178],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79163,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79165,223],{"class":80},[66,79167,2360],{"class":117},[66,79169,105],{"class":80},[66,79171,1896],{"class":117},[66,79173,105],{"class":80},[66,79175,1719],{"class":117},[66,79177,240],{"class":80},[66,79179,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79181,223],{"class":80},[66,79183,1714],{"class":117},[66,79185,105],{"class":80},[66,79187,1719],{"class":117},[66,79189,105],{"class":80},[66,79191,1724],{"class":117},[66,79193,240],{"class":80},[20,79195,243,79196,79198],{},[15,79197,74507],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79200,79201,79202,4688,79206,50],{},"You can learn more in ",[652,79203,3870,79204,6078],{"href":74604},[15,79205,74507],{},[652,79207,79209],{"href":79208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[52,79211,1838],{"id":1837},[20,79213,79214,79215,50],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79216,77950],{},[1430,79218,12876,79220],{"id":79219},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79221,64394],{},[20,79223,1766],{},[57,79225,79227],{"className":59,"code":79226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79228,79229,79249,79263,79267,79277],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79230,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79232,1706],{"class":72},[66,79234,77],{"class":76},[66,79236,1711],{"class":80},[66,79238,2360],{"class":117},[66,79240,105],{"class":80},[66,79242,1896],{"class":117},[66,79244,105],{"class":80},[66,79246,1719],{"class":117},[66,79248,240],{"class":80},[66,79250,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79252,877],{"class":72},[66,79254,77],{"class":76},[66,79256,4557],{"class":72},[66,79258,50],{"class":80},[66,79260,34868],{"class":137},[66,79262,141],{"class":80},[66,79264,79265],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,79266,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,79268,79269,79271,79273,79275],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,79270,155],{"class":154},[66,79272,158],{"class":80},[66,79274,901],{"class":137},[66,79276,163],{"class":80},[66,79278,79279,79281,79283,79285],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,79280,155],{"class":154},[66,79282,158],{"class":80},[66,79284,1735],{"class":137},[66,79286,163],{"class":80},[20,79288,187],{},[57,79290,79292],{"className":59,"code":79291,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79293,79294,79298],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79295,79296],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79297,12089],{"class":4146},[66,79299,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79301,223],{"class":80},[66,79303,1714],{"class":117},[66,79305,105],{"class":80},[66,79307,1719],{"class":117},[66,79309,105],{"class":80},[66,79311,1724],{"class":117},[66,79313,240],{"class":80},[20,79315,79316,79318,79319,50],{},[15,79317,64394],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79320,4071],{},[20,79322,79323,79324,6924],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79325,74507],{},[1430,79327,79329],{"id":79328},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79331,79332],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[57,79334,79336],{"className":59,"code":79335,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79337,79338,79363],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79339,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79355,79357,79359,79361],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79341,8073],{"class":72},[66,79343,77],{"class":76},[66,79345,1711],{"class":80},[66,79347,1714],{"class":117},[66,79349,105],{"class":80},[66,79351,97],{"class":84},[66,79353,79354],{"class":88},"two",[66,79356,85],{"class":84},[66,79358,105],{"class":80},[66,79360,1724],{"class":117},[66,79362,240],{"class":80},[66,79364,79365,79367,79369,79371],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79366,8103],{"class":72},[66,79368,50],{"class":80},[66,79370,34868],{"class":137},[66,79372,141],{"class":80},[20,79374,3299,79375,79377],{},[15,79376,3302],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1430,79379,5000,79381,79383],{"id":79380},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79382,64394],{}," only works on lists",[20,79385,79386,79388],{},[15,79387,64394],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79390,16918],{},[57,79392,79394],{"className":59,"code":79393,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79395,79396,79408],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79397,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79399,34756],{"class":72},[66,79401,77],{"class":76},[66,79403,97],{"class":84},[66,79405,61],{"class":88},[66,79407,376],{"class":84},[66,79409,79410,79412,79414,79416],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79411,34777],{"class":72},[66,79413,50],{"class":80},[66,79415,34868],{"class":137},[66,79417,141],{"class":80},[20,79419,79420,79421,33668],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79422,64394],{},[20,79424,79425],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[57,79427,79429],{"className":59,"code":79428,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79430,79431,79449,79459,79463],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79432,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79434,36161],{"class":72},[66,79436,77],{"class":76},[66,79438,1656],{"class":173},[66,79440,158],{"class":80},[66,79442,85],{"class":84},[66,79444,61],{"class":88},[66,79446,85],{"class":84},[66,79448,163],{"class":80},[66,79450,79451,79453,79455,79457],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79452,36214],{"class":72},[66,79454,50],{"class":80},[66,79456,34868],{"class":137},[66,79458,141],{"class":80},[66,79460,79461],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,79462,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,79464,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,79466,155],{"class":154},[66,79468,158],{"class":80},[66,79470,36214],{"class":137},[66,79472,163],{"class":80},[20,79474,187],{},[57,79476,79478],{"className":59,"code":79477,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79479,79480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79481,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79483,223],{"class":80},[66,79485,202],{"class":84},[66,79487,60520],{"class":88},[66,79489,202],{"class":84},[66,79491,105],{"class":80},[66,79493,211],{"class":84},[66,79495,76113],{"class":88},[66,79497,202],{"class":84},[66,79499,105],{"class":80},[66,79501,211],{"class":84},[66,79503,60555],{"class":88},[66,79505,202],{"class":84},[66,79507,105],{"class":80},[66,79509,211],{"class":84},[66,79511,20],{"class":88},[66,79513,202],{"class":84},[66,79515,105],{"class":80},[66,79517,211],{"class":84},[66,79519,63369],{"class":88},[66,79521,202],{"class":84},[66,79523,105],{"class":80},[66,79525,211],{"class":84},[66,79527,12026],{"class":88},[66,79529,202],{"class":84},[66,79531,240],{"class":80},[1430,79533,79535,79536,79538],{"id":79534},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79537,1086],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79540,79541,79542,50],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79543,1086],{},[20,79545,79546,79547,79549],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79548,64394],{}," will not do that:",[57,79551,79553],{"className":59,"code":79552,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79554,79555,79587,79605,79609],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79556,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79558,4363],{"class":72},[66,79560,77],{"class":76},[66,79562,1711],{"class":80},[66,79564,85],{"class":84},[66,79566,4381],{"class":88},[66,79568,85],{"class":84},[66,79570,105],{"class":80},[66,79572,97],{"class":84},[66,79574,38431],{"class":88},[66,79576,85],{"class":84},[66,79578,105],{"class":80},[66,79580,97],{"class":84},[66,79582,4372],{"class":88},[66,79584,85],{"class":84},[66,79586,240],{"class":80},[66,79588,79589,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79590,4407],{"class":72},[66,79592,50],{"class":80},[66,79594,34868],{"class":137},[66,79596,158],{"class":80},[66,79598,1086],{"class":9467},[66,79600,77],{"class":76},[66,79602,11445],{"class":154},[66,79604,163],{"class":80},[66,79606,79607],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,79608,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,79610,79611,79613,79615,79617],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,79612,155],{"class":154},[66,79614,158],{"class":80},[66,79616,4407],{"class":137},[66,79618,163],{"class":80},[1430,79620,79622],{"id":79621},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79624,79625],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[57,79627,79629],{"className":59,"code":79628,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79630,79631,79665,79675,79679],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79632,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658,79661,79663],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79634,4363],{"class":72},[66,79636,77],{"class":76},[66,79638,1711],{"class":80},[66,79640,85],{"class":84},[66,79642,79643],{"class":88},"zebra",[66,79645,85],{"class":84},[66,79647,105],{"class":80},[66,79649,97],{"class":84},[66,79651,57849],{"class":88},[66,79653,85],{"class":84},[66,79655,105],{"class":80},[66,79657,97],{"class":84},[66,79659,79660],{"class":88},"monkey",[66,79662,85],{"class":84},[66,79664,240],{"class":80},[66,79666,79667,79669,79671,79673],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79668,4407],{"class":72},[66,79670,50],{"class":80},[66,79672,34868],{"class":137},[66,79674,141],{"class":80},[66,79676,79677],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,79678,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,79680,79681,79683,79685,79687],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,79682,155],{"class":154},[66,79684,158],{"class":80},[66,79686,4407],{"class":137},[66,79688,163],{"class":80},[20,79690,187],{},[57,79692,79694],{"className":59,"code":79693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79695,79696],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79697,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79699,223],{"class":80},[66,79701,202],{"class":84},[66,79703,57849],{"class":88},[66,79705,202],{"class":84},[66,79707,105],{"class":80},[66,79709,211],{"class":84},[66,79711,79660],{"class":88},[66,79713,202],{"class":84},[66,79715,105],{"class":80},[66,79717,211],{"class":84},[66,79719,79643],{"class":88},[66,79721,202],{"class":84},[66,79723,240],{"class":80},[20,79725,243,79726,79728],{},[15,79727,78668],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1430,79730,60792],{"id":60791},[20,79732,79733],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[57,79735,79737],{"className":59,"code":79736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79738,79739,79749,79763,79777,79791],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79740,79741,79743,79745,79747],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79742,155],{"class":154},[66,79744,158],{"class":80},[66,79746,8632],{"class":137},[66,79748,163],{"class":80},[66,79750,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,79752,155],{"class":154},[66,79754,158],{"class":80},[66,79756,912],{"class":173},[66,79758,158],{"class":80},[66,79760,8632],{"class":137},[66,79762,181],{"class":80},[66,79764,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,79766,155],{"class":154},[66,79768,158],{"class":80},[66,79770,8632],{"class":137},[66,79772,50],{"class":80},[66,79774,34868],{"class":137},[66,79776,345],{"class":80},[66,79778,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,79780,155],{"class":154},[66,79782,158],{"class":80},[66,79784,74597],{"class":154},[66,79786,158],{"class":80},[66,79788,8632],{"class":137},[66,79790,181],{"class":80},[66,79792,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809,79811,79813],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,79794,155],{"class":154},[66,79796,199],{"class":80},[66,79798,912],{"class":173},[66,79800,158],{"class":80},[66,79802,23563],{"class":137},[66,79804,3954],{"class":80},[66,79806,4171],{"class":1060},[66,79808,6253],{"class":137},[66,79810,1067],{"class":1060},[66,79812,8689],{"class":137},[66,79814,218],{"class":80},[20,79816,11454],{},[30,79818,79819,79822,79825,79832,79838],{},[33,79820,79821],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79823,79824],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79826,79827,79828,2695,79830],{},"That ",[15,79829,64394],{},[15,79831,4071],{},[33,79833,79834,79835,79837],{},"Whether ",[15,79836,74507],{}," works better for your case",[33,79839,79840],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79842,79843,79844,79846],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79845,3302],{}," problems.",[52,79848,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,79850,12986,79852,55549],{"id":79851},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79853,77950],{},[20,79855,62685,79856,50],{},[15,79857,4071],{},[1430,79859,5475,79861,4688,79863,2151],{"id":79860},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79862,64394],{},[15,79864,74507],{},[20,79866,79867,79869,79870,79872],{},[15,79868,64394],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79871,74507],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1430,79874,79876],{"id":79875},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79878,1815],{},[57,79880,79882],{"className":59,"code":79881,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79883,79884],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79885,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79887,8632],{"class":72},[66,79889,50],{"class":80},[66,79891,34868],{"class":137},[66,79893,158],{"class":80},[66,79895,73660],{"class":9467},[66,79897,77],{"class":76},[66,79899,1386],{"class":4146},[66,79901,163],{"class":80},[1430,79903,79905],{"id":79904},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79907,1815],{},[57,79909,79911],{"className":59,"code":79910,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79912,79913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,79914,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,79916,8632],{"class":72},[66,79918,50],{"class":80},[66,79920,34868],{"class":137},[66,79922,158],{"class":80},[66,79924,1086],{"class":9467},[66,79926,77],{"class":76},[66,79928,3737],{"class":173},[66,79930,50],{"class":80},[66,79932,8933],{"class":784},[66,79934,163],{"class":80},[20,79936,79937],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1430,79939,79941,79942,79944],{"id":79940},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79943,3302],{}," when sorting?",[20,79946,79947],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[52,79949,2183],{"id":2182},[30,79951,79952,79957,79963,79967],{},[33,79953,79954],{},[652,79955,79956],{"href":78459},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79958,79959],{},[652,79960,3870,79961,6078],{"href":74604},[15,79962,74507],{},[33,79964,79965],{},[652,79966,67160],{"href":51058},[33,79968,79969],{},[652,79970,79209],{"href":79208},[2222,79972,79973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":79975},[79976,79977,79979,79980,79981,79982,79984,79986,79997,80007],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":78016,"depth":124,"text":79978},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":78271,"depth":124,"text":78272},{"id":78463,"depth":124,"text":78464},{"id":78785,"depth":124,"text":79983},"Using the key argument",{"id":79050,"depth":124,"text":79985},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":79987},[79988,79990,79991,79993,79995,79996],{"id":79219,"depth":144,"text":79989},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79328,"depth":144,"text":79329},{"id":79380,"depth":144,"text":79992},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79534,"depth":144,"text":79994},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79621,"depth":144,"text":79622},{"id":60791,"depth":144,"text":60792},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":79998},[79999,80001,80003,80004,80005],{"id":79851,"depth":144,"text":80000},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79860,"depth":144,"text":80002},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79875,"depth":144,"text":79876},{"id":79904,"depth":144,"text":79905},{"id":79940,"depth":144,"text":80006},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77938,"description":80008},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80015,"title":80016,"body":80017,"description":82648,"extension":2260,"meta":82649,"navigation":147,"path":82650,"seo":82651,"stem":82652,"__hash__":82653},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80018,"toc":82607},[80019,80024,80029,80032,80043,80046,80066,80068,80130,80132,80173,80182,80187,80192,80198,80209,80211,80230,80233,80238,80243,80245,80250,80264,80266,80284,80287,80304,80307,80313,80336,80341,80343,80346,80407,80409,80442,80444,80483,80491,80501,80507,80512,80605,80607,80631,80633,80651,80654,80685,80691,80696,80699,80701,80826,80828,80852,80854,80873,80879,80885,81004,81006,81023,81030,81036,81041,81048,81054,81056,81113,81116,81137,81140,81143,81204,81206,81239,81243,81313,81315,81332,81336,81339,81414,81416,81453,81456,81459,81530,81532,81593,81598,81603,81606,81620,81622,81695,81697,81717,81720,81723,81780,81842,81845,81877,81880,81895,81900,81902,81908,81911,81967,81970,81972,81991,81995,81997,82041,82050,82052,82112,82116,82119,82121,82214,82216,82331,82335,82337,82411,82414,82417,82419,82424,82489,82491,82515,82525,82527,82533,82542,82551,82560,82566,82569,82573,82576,82578,82604],[10,80020,3870,80022,3874],{"id":80021},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80023,39790],{},[20,80025,3877,80026,80028],{},[15,80027,39790],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80030,80031],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,80033,80034,80037,80040],{},[33,80035,80036],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,80038,80039],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,80041,80042],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80044,80045],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,80047,80048,80055,80061],{},[33,80049,80050,14330,80052,80054],{},[15,80051,39790],{},[185,80053,4926],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,80056,80057,80058],{},"it returns a ",[185,80059,80060],{},"map object",[33,80062,80063,80064],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80065,817],{},[52,80067,55],{"id":54},[57,80069,80071],{"className":59,"code":80070,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80072,80073,80097,80116],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80074,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80076,1706],{"class":72},[66,80078,77],{"class":76},[66,80080,1711],{"class":80},[66,80082,1714],{"class":117},[66,80084,105],{"class":80},[66,80086,1719],{"class":117},[66,80088,105],{"class":80},[66,80090,1724],{"class":117},[66,80092,105],{"class":80},[66,80094,2755],{"class":117},[66,80096,240],{"class":80},[66,80098,80099,80101,80103,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,80100,877],{"class":72},[66,80102,77],{"class":76},[66,80104,80105],{"class":154}," map",[66,80107,158],{"class":80},[66,80109,3737],{"class":173},[66,80111,105],{"class":80},[66,80113,4557],{"class":137},[66,80115,163],{"class":80},[66,80117,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,80119,155],{"class":154},[66,80121,158],{"class":80},[66,80123,174],{"class":173},[66,80125,158],{"class":80},[66,80127,901],{"class":137},[66,80129,181],{"class":80},[20,80131,187],{},[57,80133,80135],{"className":59,"code":80134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80136,80137],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80138,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80140,223],{"class":80},[66,80142,202],{"class":84},[66,80144,1714],{"class":88},[66,80146,202],{"class":84},[66,80148,105],{"class":80},[66,80150,211],{"class":84},[66,80152,2354],{"class":88},[66,80154,202],{"class":84},[66,80156,105],{"class":80},[66,80158,211],{"class":84},[66,80160,2360],{"class":88},[66,80162,202],{"class":84},[66,80164,105],{"class":80},[66,80166,211],{"class":84},[66,80168,2803],{"class":88},[66,80170,202],{"class":84},[66,80172,240],{"class":80},[20,80174,243,80175,80178,80179,80181],{},[15,80176,80177],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80180,817],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[52,80183,250,80185,253],{"id":80184},"what-map-does",[15,80186,39790],{},[20,80188,80189,80191],{},[15,80190,39790],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80193,80194,80195,80197],{},"An ",[185,80196,4013],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,80199,80200,80202,80204,80206],{},[33,80201,37974],{},[33,80203,37977],{},[33,80205,37980],{},[33,80207,80208],{},"a range object",[20,80210,30791],{},[57,80212,80214],{"className":59,"code":80213,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80215,80216],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80217,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80219,39933],{"class":154},[66,80221,158],{"class":80},[66,80223,37933],{"class":137},[66,80225,105],{"class":80},[66,80227,37938],{"class":137},[66,80229,163],{"class":80},[20,80231,80232],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80234,80235,80236,33809],{},"Important: the result is a ",[185,80237,80060],{},[20,80239,80240,80241,50],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[652,80242,5432],{"href":5431},[52,80244,2455],{"id":2454},[20,80246,80247,80249],{},[15,80248,39790],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,80251,80252,80258],{},[33,80253,80254,80257],{},[185,80255,80256],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,80259,80260,80263],{},[185,80261,80262],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80265,3998],{},[57,80267,80268],{"className":59,"code":80213,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,80269,80270],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80271,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80273,39933],{"class":154},[66,80275,158],{"class":80},[66,80277,37933],{"class":137},[66,80279,105],{"class":80},[66,80281,37938],{"class":137},[66,80283,163],{"class":80},[20,80285,80286],{},"You can pass:",[30,80288,80289,80298,80301],{},[33,80290,80291,80292,2487,80294,2491,80296],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80293,3737],{},[15,80295,2486],{},[15,80297,2314],{},[33,80299,80300],{},"your own custom function",[33,80302,80303],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80305,80306],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80308,80309,80310,80312],{},"You will often see ",[15,80311,39790],{}," used like this:",[57,80314,80316],{"className":59,"code":80315,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80317,80318],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80319,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328,80330,80332,80334],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80321,174],{"class":173},[66,80323,158],{"class":80},[66,80325,39933],{"class":154},[66,80327,158],{"class":80},[66,80329,37933],{"class":137},[66,80331,105],{"class":80},[66,80333,4179],{"class":137},[66,80335,181],{"class":80},[20,80337,6970,80338,80340],{},[15,80339,817],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[52,80342,11756],{"id":11755},[20,80344,80345],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[57,80347,80349],{"className":59,"code":80348,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80350,80351,80371,80389,80393],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80352,80353,80355,80357,80359,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80354,1706],{"class":72},[66,80356,77],{"class":76},[66,80358,1711],{"class":80},[66,80360,2628],{"class":117},[66,80362,105],{"class":80},[66,80364,118],{"class":117},[66,80366,105],{"class":80},[66,80368,8088],{"class":117},[66,80370,240],{"class":80},[66,80372,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,80374,877],{"class":72},[66,80376,77],{"class":76},[66,80378,80105],{"class":154},[66,80380,158],{"class":80},[66,80382,3737],{"class":173},[66,80384,105],{"class":80},[66,80386,4557],{"class":137},[66,80388,163],{"class":80},[66,80390,80391],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,80392,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80394,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403,80405],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,80396,155],{"class":154},[66,80398,158],{"class":80},[66,80400,174],{"class":173},[66,80402,158],{"class":80},[66,80404,901],{"class":137},[66,80406,181],{"class":80},[20,80408,187],{},[57,80410,80412],{"className":59,"code":80411,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80413,80414],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80415,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80417,223],{"class":80},[66,80419,202],{"class":84},[66,80421,2628],{"class":88},[66,80423,202],{"class":84},[66,80425,105],{"class":80},[66,80427,211],{"class":84},[66,80429,16028],{"class":88},[66,80431,202],{"class":84},[66,80433,105],{"class":80},[66,80435,211],{"class":84},[66,80437,36913],{"class":88},[66,80439,202],{"class":84},[66,80441,240],{"class":80},[20,80443,11965],{},[30,80445,80446,80451,80459,80467,80475],{},[33,80447,80448,80450],{},[15,80449,1735],{}," contains integers",[33,80452,80453,80456,80457],{},[15,80454,80455],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80458,47761],{},[33,80460,80461,42230,80464],{},[15,80462,80463],{},"str(10)",[15,80465,80466],{},"'10'",[33,80468,80469,42230,80472],{},[15,80470,80471],{},"str(20)",[15,80473,80474],{},"'20'",[33,80476,80477,42230,80480],{},[15,80478,80479],{},"str(30)",[15,80481,80482],{},"'30'",[20,80484,53733,80485,80487,80488,80490],{},[15,80486,39790],{}," applies ",[15,80489,47761],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80492,80493,80494,80496,80497,50],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80495,817],{}," better, see ",[652,80498,3870,80499,3803],{"href":64930},[15,80500,817],{},[52,80502,1848,80504,80506],{"id":80503},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80505,39790],{}," with your own function",[20,80508,15988,80509,80511],{},[15,80510,39790],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[57,80513,80515],{"className":59,"code":80514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80516,80517,80530,80540,80544,80568,80587,80591],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80518,80519,80521,80524,80526,80528],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80520,34920],{"class":957},[66,80522,80523],{"class":34923}," double",[66,80525,158],{"class":80},[66,80527,2471],{"class":37735},[66,80529,8635],{"class":80},[66,80531,80532,80534,80536,80538],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,80533,34931],{"class":1060},[66,80535,4174],{"class":72},[66,80537,39946],{"class":76},[66,80539,45666],{"class":117},[66,80541,80542],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,80543,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,80547,1706],{"class":72},[66,80549,77],{"class":76},[66,80551,1711],{"class":80},[66,80553,1714],{"class":117},[66,80555,105],{"class":80},[66,80557,1719],{"class":117},[66,80559,105],{"class":80},[66,80561,1724],{"class":117},[66,80563,105],{"class":80},[66,80565,2755],{"class":117},[66,80567,240],{"class":80},[66,80569,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80581,80583,80585],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,80571,877],{"class":72},[66,80573,77],{"class":76},[66,80575,80105],{"class":154},[66,80577,158],{"class":80},[66,80579,80580],{"class":137},"double",[66,80582,105],{"class":80},[66,80584,4557],{"class":137},[66,80586,163],{"class":80},[66,80588,80589],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,80590,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80592,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,80594,155],{"class":154},[66,80596,158],{"class":80},[66,80598,174],{"class":173},[66,80600,158],{"class":80},[66,80602,901],{"class":137},[66,80604,181],{"class":80},[20,80606,187],{},[57,80608,80609],{"className":59,"code":39959,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,80610,80611],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80612,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80614,223],{"class":80},[66,80616,2354],{"class":117},[66,80618,105],{"class":80},[66,80620,2755],{"class":117},[66,80622,105],{"class":80},[66,80624,37716],{"class":117},[66,80626,105],{"class":80},[66,80628,6652],{"class":117},[66,80630,240],{"class":80},[20,80632,65667],{},[30,80634,80635,80642,80648],{},[33,80636,80637,80639,80640],{},[15,80638,39790],{}," takes the function ",[15,80641,80580],{},[33,80643,80644,80645,80647],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80646,1735],{}," into that function",[33,80649,80650],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80652,80653],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80655,80656,80663,80670,80678],{},[33,80657,80658,6365,80661],{},[15,80659,80660],{},"double(1)",[15,80662,2354],{},[33,80664,80665,6365,80668],{},[15,80666,80667],{},"double(2)",[15,80669,2803],{},[33,80671,80672,6365,80675],{},[15,80673,80674],{},"double(3)",[15,80676,80677],{},"6",[33,80679,80680,6365,80683],{},[15,80681,80682],{},"double(4)",[15,80684,2643],{},[52,80686,1848,80688,80690],{"id":80687},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80689,39790],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80692,80693,80695],{},[15,80694,39790],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80697,80698],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80700,281],{},[57,80702,80704],{"className":59,"code":80703,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80705,80706,80723,80733,80737,80758,80779,80783,80808,80812],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80707,80708,80710,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80709,34920],{"class":957},[66,80711,80712],{"class":34923}," add_numbers",[66,80714,158],{"class":80},[66,80716,652],{"class":37735},[66,80718,105],{"class":80},[66,80720,2858],{"class":37735},[66,80722,8635],{"class":80},[66,80724,80725,80727,80729,80731],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,80726,34931],{"class":1060},[66,80728,44621],{"class":72},[66,80730,2357],{"class":76},[66,80732,36253],{"class":72},[66,80734,80735],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,80736,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80738,80739,80742,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,80740,80741],{"class":72},"list1 ",[66,80743,77],{"class":76},[66,80745,1711],{"class":80},[66,80747,1714],{"class":117},[66,80749,105],{"class":80},[66,80751,1719],{"class":117},[66,80753,105],{"class":80},[66,80755,1724],{"class":117},[66,80757,240],{"class":80},[66,80759,80760,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775,80777],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,80761,80762],{"class":72},"list2 ",[66,80764,77],{"class":76},[66,80766,1711],{"class":80},[66,80768,2628],{"class":117},[66,80770,105],{"class":80},[66,80772,118],{"class":117},[66,80774,105],{"class":80},[66,80776,8088],{"class":117},[66,80778,240],{"class":80},[66,80780,80781],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,80782,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80784,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793,80796,80798,80801,80803,80806],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,80786,877],{"class":72},[66,80788,77],{"class":76},[66,80790,80105],{"class":154},[66,80792,158],{"class":80},[66,80794,80795],{"class":137},"add_numbers",[66,80797,105],{"class":80},[66,80799,80800],{"class":137}," list1",[66,80802,105],{"class":80},[66,80804,80805],{"class":137}," list2",[66,80807,163],{"class":80},[66,80809,80810],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,80811,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80813,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,80815,155],{"class":154},[66,80817,158],{"class":80},[66,80819,174],{"class":173},[66,80821,158],{"class":80},[66,80823,901],{"class":137},[66,80825,181],{"class":80},[20,80827,187],{},[57,80829,80831],{"className":59,"code":80830,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80832,80833],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80834,80835,80837,80840,80842,80845,80847,80850],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80836,223],{"class":80},[66,80838,80839],{"class":117},"11",[66,80841,105],{"class":80},[66,80843,80844],{"class":117}," 22",[66,80846,105],{"class":80},[66,80848,80849],{"class":117}," 33",[66,80851,240],{"class":80},[20,80853,2476],{},[30,80855,80856,80862,80868],{},[33,80857,80858,80859],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80860,80861],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80863,80864,80865],{},"then ",[15,80866,80867],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80869,80864,80870],{},[15,80871,80872],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1430,80874,80876,80878],{"id":80875},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80877,39790],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80880,80881,80882,80884],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80883,39790],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[57,80886,80888],{"className":59,"code":80887,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80889,80890,80906,80916,80920,80944,80960,80964,80986,80990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,80891,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,80893,34920],{"class":957},[66,80895,80712],{"class":34923},[66,80897,158],{"class":80},[66,80899,652],{"class":37735},[66,80901,105],{"class":80},[66,80903,2858],{"class":37735},[66,80905,8635],{"class":80},[66,80907,80908,80910,80912,80914],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,80909,34931],{"class":1060},[66,80911,44621],{"class":72},[66,80913,2357],{"class":76},[66,80915,36253],{"class":72},[66,80917,80918],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,80919,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80921,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,80923,80741],{"class":72},[66,80925,77],{"class":76},[66,80927,1711],{"class":80},[66,80929,1714],{"class":117},[66,80931,105],{"class":80},[66,80933,1719],{"class":117},[66,80935,105],{"class":80},[66,80937,1724],{"class":117},[66,80939,105],{"class":80},[66,80941,2755],{"class":117},[66,80943,240],{"class":80},[66,80945,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954,80956,80958],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,80947,80762],{"class":72},[66,80949,77],{"class":76},[66,80951,1711],{"class":80},[66,80953,2628],{"class":117},[66,80955,105],{"class":80},[66,80957,118],{"class":117},[66,80959,240],{"class":80},[66,80961,80962],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,80963,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80965,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980,80982,80984],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,80967,877],{"class":72},[66,80969,77],{"class":76},[66,80971,80105],{"class":154},[66,80973,158],{"class":80},[66,80975,80795],{"class":137},[66,80977,105],{"class":80},[66,80979,80800],{"class":137},[66,80981,105],{"class":80},[66,80983,80805],{"class":137},[66,80985,163],{"class":80},[66,80987,80988],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,80989,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,80991,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,80993,155],{"class":154},[66,80995,158],{"class":80},[66,80997,174],{"class":173},[66,80999,158],{"class":80},[66,81001,901],{"class":137},[66,81003,181],{"class":80},[20,81005,187],{},[57,81007,81009],{"className":59,"code":81008,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81010,81011],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81012,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81014,223],{"class":80},[66,81016,80839],{"class":117},[66,81018,105],{"class":80},[66,81020,80844],{"class":117},[66,81022,240],{"class":80},[20,81024,81025,81026,81029],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81027,81028],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[52,81031,81033,81035],{"id":81032},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81034,39790],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81037,38096,81038,81040],{},[15,81039,39790],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81042,81043,81044,81047],{},"This object is ",[185,81045,81046],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1430,81049,2787,81051,81053],{"id":81050},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81052,33094],{}," looks strange",[20,81055,33710],{},[57,81057,81059],{"className":59,"code":81058,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81060,81061,81081,81099,81103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81062,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81064,1706],{"class":72},[66,81066,77],{"class":76},[66,81068,1711],{"class":80},[66,81070,1714],{"class":117},[66,81072,105],{"class":80},[66,81074,1719],{"class":117},[66,81076,105],{"class":80},[66,81078,1724],{"class":117},[66,81080,240],{"class":80},[66,81082,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81084,877],{"class":72},[66,81086,77],{"class":76},[66,81088,80105],{"class":154},[66,81090,158],{"class":80},[66,81092,3737],{"class":173},[66,81094,105],{"class":80},[66,81096,4557],{"class":137},[66,81098,163],{"class":80},[66,81100,81101],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81102,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,81104,81105,81107,81109,81111],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,81106,155],{"class":154},[66,81108,158],{"class":80},[66,81110,901],{"class":137},[66,81112,163],{"class":80},[20,81114,81115],{},"Output will look something like this:",[57,81117,81119],{"className":59,"code":81118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81120,81121],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81122,81123,81125,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81124,954],{"class":76},[66,81126,39933],{"class":154},[66,81128,641],{"class":173},[66,81130,37436],{"class":72},[66,81132,37440],{"class":37439},[66,81134,37443],{"class":34521},[66,81136,967],{"class":76},[20,81138,81139],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81141,81142],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[57,81144,81146],{"className":59,"code":81145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81147,81148,81168,81186,81190],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81149,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81151,1706],{"class":72},[66,81153,77],{"class":76},[66,81155,1711],{"class":80},[66,81157,1714],{"class":117},[66,81159,105],{"class":80},[66,81161,1719],{"class":117},[66,81163,105],{"class":80},[66,81165,1724],{"class":117},[66,81167,240],{"class":80},[66,81169,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81171,877],{"class":72},[66,81173,77],{"class":76},[66,81175,80105],{"class":154},[66,81177,158],{"class":80},[66,81179,3737],{"class":173},[66,81181,105],{"class":80},[66,81183,4557],{"class":137},[66,81185,163],{"class":80},[66,81187,81188],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81189,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,81191,81192,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,81193,155],{"class":154},[66,81195,158],{"class":80},[66,81197,174],{"class":173},[66,81199,158],{"class":80},[66,81201,901],{"class":137},[66,81203,181],{"class":80},[20,81205,187],{},[57,81207,81209],{"className":59,"code":81208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81210,81211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81212,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81214,223],{"class":80},[66,81216,202],{"class":84},[66,81218,1714],{"class":88},[66,81220,202],{"class":84},[66,81222,105],{"class":80},[66,81224,211],{"class":84},[66,81226,2354],{"class":88},[66,81228,202],{"class":84},[66,81230,105],{"class":80},[66,81232,211],{"class":84},[66,81234,2360],{"class":88},[66,81236,202],{"class":84},[66,81238,240],{"class":80},[1430,81240,81242],{"id":81241},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[57,81244,81246],{"className":59,"code":81245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81247,81248,81268,81286,81290,81303],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81249,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81251,1706],{"class":72},[66,81253,77],{"class":76},[66,81255,1711],{"class":80},[66,81257,1714],{"class":117},[66,81259,105],{"class":80},[66,81261,1719],{"class":117},[66,81263,105],{"class":80},[66,81265,1724],{"class":117},[66,81267,240],{"class":80},[66,81269,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81271,877],{"class":72},[66,81273,77],{"class":76},[66,81275,80105],{"class":154},[66,81277,158],{"class":80},[66,81279,3737],{"class":173},[66,81281,105],{"class":80},[66,81283,4557],{"class":137},[66,81285,163],{"class":80},[66,81287,81288],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81289,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,81291,81292,81294,81296,81298,81301],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,81293,1061],{"class":1060},[66,81295,6253],{"class":72},[66,81297,1067],{"class":1060},[66,81299,81300],{"class":72}," result",[66,81302,1133],{"class":80},[66,81304,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,81306,1081],{"class":154},[66,81308,158],{"class":80},[66,81310,23563],{"class":137},[66,81312,163],{"class":80},[20,81314,187],{},[57,81316,81318],{"className":59,"code":81317,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81319,81320,81324,81328],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81321,81322],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81323,46994],{"class":117},[66,81325,81326],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81327,17328],{"class":117},[66,81329,81330],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81331,46694],{"class":117},[1430,81333,81335],{"id":81334},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81337,81338],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[57,81340,81342],{"className":59,"code":81341,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81343,81344,81364,81382,81386,81400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81345,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81347,1706],{"class":72},[66,81349,77],{"class":76},[66,81351,1711],{"class":80},[66,81353,1714],{"class":117},[66,81355,105],{"class":80},[66,81357,1719],{"class":117},[66,81359,105],{"class":80},[66,81361,1724],{"class":117},[66,81363,240],{"class":80},[66,81365,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81367,877],{"class":72},[66,81369,77],{"class":76},[66,81371,80105],{"class":154},[66,81373,158],{"class":80},[66,81375,3737],{"class":173},[66,81377,105],{"class":80},[66,81379,4557],{"class":137},[66,81381,163],{"class":80},[66,81383,81384],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81385,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,81387,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,81389,155],{"class":154},[66,81391,158],{"class":80},[66,81393,174],{"class":173},[66,81395,158],{"class":80},[66,81397,901],{"class":137},[66,81399,181],{"class":80},[66,81401,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,81403,155],{"class":154},[66,81405,158],{"class":80},[66,81407,174],{"class":173},[66,81409,158],{"class":80},[66,81411,901],{"class":137},[66,81413,181],{"class":80},[20,81415,187],{},[57,81417,81419],{"className":59,"code":81418,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81420,81421,81449],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81422,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81424,223],{"class":80},[66,81426,202],{"class":84},[66,81428,1714],{"class":88},[66,81430,202],{"class":84},[66,81432,105],{"class":80},[66,81434,211],{"class":84},[66,81436,2354],{"class":88},[66,81438,202],{"class":84},[66,81440,105],{"class":80},[66,81442,211],{"class":84},[66,81444,2360],{"class":88},[66,81446,202],{"class":84},[66,81448,240],{"class":80},[66,81450,81451],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81452,38370],{"class":80},[20,81454,81455],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81457,81458],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[57,81460,81462],{"className":59,"code":81461,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81463,81464,81484,81506,81510,81520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81467,1706],{"class":72},[66,81469,77],{"class":76},[66,81471,1711],{"class":80},[66,81473,1714],{"class":117},[66,81475,105],{"class":80},[66,81477,1719],{"class":117},[66,81479,105],{"class":80},[66,81481,1724],{"class":117},[66,81483,240],{"class":80},[66,81485,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81487,877],{"class":72},[66,81489,77],{"class":76},[66,81491,1656],{"class":173},[66,81493,158],{"class":80},[66,81495,39933],{"class":154},[66,81497,158],{"class":80},[66,81499,3737],{"class":173},[66,81501,105],{"class":80},[66,81503,4557],{"class":137},[66,81505,181],{"class":80},[66,81507,81508],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81509,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,81511,81512,81514,81516,81518],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,81513,155],{"class":154},[66,81515,158],{"class":80},[66,81517,901],{"class":137},[66,81519,163],{"class":80},[66,81521,81522,81524,81526,81528],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,81523,155],{"class":154},[66,81525,158],{"class":80},[66,81527,901],{"class":137},[66,81529,163],{"class":80},[20,81531,187],{},[57,81533,81535],{"className":59,"code":81534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81536,81537,81565],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81538,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81540,223],{"class":80},[66,81542,202],{"class":84},[66,81544,1714],{"class":88},[66,81546,202],{"class":84},[66,81548,105],{"class":80},[66,81550,211],{"class":84},[66,81552,2354],{"class":88},[66,81554,202],{"class":84},[66,81556,105],{"class":80},[66,81558,211],{"class":84},[66,81560,2360],{"class":88},[66,81562,202],{"class":84},[66,81564,240],{"class":80},[66,81566,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81568,223],{"class":80},[66,81570,202],{"class":84},[66,81572,1714],{"class":88},[66,81574,202],{"class":84},[66,81576,105],{"class":80},[66,81578,211],{"class":84},[66,81580,2354],{"class":88},[66,81582,202],{"class":84},[66,81584,105],{"class":80},[66,81586,211],{"class":84},[66,81588,2360],{"class":88},[66,81590,202],{"class":84},[66,81592,240],{"class":80},[52,81594,1154,81596],{"id":81595},"when-to-use-map",[15,81597,39790],{},[20,81599,81600,81602],{},[15,81601,39790],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81604,81605],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81607,81608,81612,81616],{},[33,81609,81610],{},[15,81611,3737],{},[33,81613,81614],{},[15,81615,2486],{},[33,81617,81618],{},[15,81619,2314],{},[20,81621,281],{},[57,81623,81625],{"className":59,"code":81624,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81626,81627,81659,81681,81685],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81628,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81630,4116],{"class":72},[66,81632,77],{"class":76},[66,81634,1711],{"class":80},[66,81636,202],{"class":84},[66,81638,1714],{"class":88},[66,81640,202],{"class":84},[66,81642,105],{"class":80},[66,81644,211],{"class":84},[66,81646,2354],{"class":88},[66,81648,202],{"class":84},[66,81650,105],{"class":80},[66,81652,211],{"class":84},[66,81654,2360],{"class":88},[66,81656,202],{"class":84},[66,81658,240],{"class":80},[66,81660,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81662,1706],{"class":72},[66,81664,77],{"class":76},[66,81666,1656],{"class":173},[66,81668,158],{"class":80},[66,81670,39933],{"class":154},[66,81672,158],{"class":80},[66,81674,2486],{"class":173},[66,81676,105],{"class":80},[66,81678,4179],{"class":137},[66,81680,181],{"class":80},[66,81682,81683],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81684,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,81686,81687,81689,81691,81693],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,81688,155],{"class":154},[66,81690,158],{"class":80},[66,81692,1735],{"class":137},[66,81694,163],{"class":80},[20,81696,187],{},[57,81698,81699],{"className":59,"code":55230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,81700,81701],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81702,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81704,223],{"class":80},[66,81706,1714],{"class":117},[66,81708,105],{"class":80},[66,81710,1719],{"class":117},[66,81712,105],{"class":80},[66,81714,1724],{"class":117},[66,81716,240],{"class":80},[20,81718,81719],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81721,81722],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[57,81724,81726],{"className":59,"code":81725,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81727,81728,81748,81770],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81729,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81731,1706],{"class":72},[66,81733,77],{"class":76},[66,81735,1711],{"class":80},[66,81737,1714],{"class":117},[66,81739,105],{"class":80},[66,81741,1719],{"class":117},[66,81743,105],{"class":80},[66,81745,1724],{"class":117},[66,81747,240],{"class":80},[66,81749,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81751,877],{"class":72},[66,81753,77],{"class":76},[66,81755,1656],{"class":173},[66,81757,158],{"class":80},[66,81759,39933],{"class":154},[66,81761,158],{"class":80},[66,81763,3737],{"class":173},[66,81765,105],{"class":80},[66,81767,4557],{"class":137},[66,81769,181],{"class":80},[66,81771,81772,81774,81776,81778],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81773,155],{"class":154},[66,81775,158],{"class":80},[66,81777,901],{"class":137},[66,81779,163],{"class":80},[57,81781,81783],{"className":59,"code":81782,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81784,81785,81805,81832],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81786,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81788,1706],{"class":72},[66,81790,77],{"class":76},[66,81792,1711],{"class":80},[66,81794,1714],{"class":117},[66,81796,105],{"class":80},[66,81798,1719],{"class":117},[66,81800,105],{"class":80},[66,81802,1724],{"class":117},[66,81804,240],{"class":80},[66,81806,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81826,81828,81830],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81808,877],{"class":72},[66,81810,77],{"class":76},[66,81812,1711],{"class":80},[66,81814,3737],{"class":173},[66,81816,158],{"class":80},[66,81818,76113],{"class":137},[66,81820,3954],{"class":80},[66,81822,4171],{"class":1060},[66,81824,81825],{"class":72}," n ",[66,81827,1067],{"class":1060},[66,81829,4557],{"class":72},[66,81831,240],{"class":80},[66,81833,81834,81836,81838,81840],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81835,155],{"class":154},[66,81837,158],{"class":80},[66,81839,901],{"class":137},[66,81841,163],{"class":80},[20,81843,81844],{},"Both produce:",[57,81846,81847],{"className":59,"code":81208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,81848,81849],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81850,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81852,223],{"class":80},[66,81854,202],{"class":84},[66,81856,1714],{"class":88},[66,81858,202],{"class":84},[66,81860,105],{"class":80},[66,81862,211],{"class":84},[66,81864,2354],{"class":88},[66,81866,202],{"class":84},[66,81868,105],{"class":80},[66,81870,211],{"class":84},[66,81872,2360],{"class":88},[66,81874,202],{"class":84},[66,81876,240],{"class":80},[20,81878,81879],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81881,81882,81887,81892],{},[33,81883,40064,81884,81886],{},[15,81885,39790],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81888,40070,81889,81891],{},[15,81890,1061],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81893,81894],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81896,81897,81898,50],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[652,81899,4687],{"href":4686},[52,81901,4814],{"id":4813},[1430,81903,81905,81906],{"id":81904},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81907,817],{},[20,81909,81910],{},"This is very common:",[57,81912,81913],{"className":59,"code":81058,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,81914,81915,81935,81953,81957],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81916,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927,81929,81931,81933],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81918,1706],{"class":72},[66,81920,77],{"class":76},[66,81922,1711],{"class":80},[66,81924,1714],{"class":117},[66,81926,105],{"class":80},[66,81928,1719],{"class":117},[66,81930,105],{"class":80},[66,81932,1724],{"class":117},[66,81934,240],{"class":80},[66,81936,81937,81939,81941,81943,81945,81947,81949,81951],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,81938,877],{"class":72},[66,81940,77],{"class":76},[66,81942,80105],{"class":154},[66,81944,158],{"class":80},[66,81946,3737],{"class":173},[66,81948,105],{"class":80},[66,81950,4557],{"class":137},[66,81952,163],{"class":80},[66,81954,81955],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,81956,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,81958,81959,81961,81963,81965],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,81960,155],{"class":154},[66,81962,158],{"class":80},[66,81964,901],{"class":137},[66,81966,163],{"class":80},[20,81968,81969],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81971,39335],{},[57,81973,81975],{"className":59,"code":81974,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81976,81977],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,81978,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,81980,155],{"class":154},[66,81982,158],{"class":80},[66,81984,174],{"class":173},[66,81986,158],{"class":80},[66,81988,901],{"class":137},[66,81990,181],{"class":80},[1430,81992,81994],{"id":81993},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81996,16918],{},[57,81998,82000],{"className":59,"code":81999,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82001,82002,82022],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82003,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82005,1706],{"class":72},[66,82007,77],{"class":76},[66,82009,1711],{"class":80},[66,82011,1714],{"class":117},[66,82013,105],{"class":80},[66,82015,1719],{"class":117},[66,82017,105],{"class":80},[66,82019,1724],{"class":117},[66,82021,240],{"class":80},[66,82023,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82037,82039],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82025,877],{"class":72},[66,82027,77],{"class":76},[66,82029,80105],{"class":154},[66,82031,158],{"class":80},[66,82033,3737],{"class":173},[66,82035,82036],{"class":80},"(),",[66,82038,4557],{"class":137},[66,82040,163],{"class":80},[20,82042,82043,82044,82046,82047,82049],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82045,47761],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82048,39790],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82051,695],{},[57,82053,82054],{"className":59,"code":81145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,82055,82056,82076,82094,82098],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82057,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82059,1706],{"class":72},[66,82061,77],{"class":76},[66,82063,1711],{"class":80},[66,82065,1714],{"class":117},[66,82067,105],{"class":80},[66,82069,1719],{"class":117},[66,82071,105],{"class":80},[66,82073,1724],{"class":117},[66,82075,240],{"class":80},[66,82077,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82079,877],{"class":72},[66,82081,77],{"class":76},[66,82083,80105],{"class":154},[66,82085,158],{"class":80},[66,82087,3737],{"class":173},[66,82089,105],{"class":80},[66,82091,4557],{"class":137},[66,82093,163],{"class":80},[66,82095,82096],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,82097,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,82099,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108,82110],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,82101,155],{"class":154},[66,82103,158],{"class":80},[66,82105,174],{"class":173},[66,82107,158],{"class":80},[66,82109,901],{"class":137},[66,82111,181],{"class":80},[1430,82113,82115],{"id":82114},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82117,82118],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82120,16918],{},[57,82122,82124],{"className":59,"code":82123,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82125,82126,82143,82153,82157,82177,82196,82200],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82127,82128,82130,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82129,34920],{"class":957},[66,82131,82132],{"class":34923}," add",[66,82134,158],{"class":80},[66,82136,652],{"class":37735},[66,82138,105],{"class":80},[66,82140,2858],{"class":37735},[66,82142,8635],{"class":80},[66,82144,82145,82147,82149,82151],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82146,34931],{"class":1060},[66,82148,44621],{"class":72},[66,82150,2357],{"class":76},[66,82152,36253],{"class":72},[66,82154,82155],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,82156,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,82158,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,82160,1706],{"class":72},[66,82162,77],{"class":76},[66,82164,1711],{"class":80},[66,82166,1714],{"class":117},[66,82168,105],{"class":80},[66,82170,1719],{"class":117},[66,82172,105],{"class":80},[66,82174,1724],{"class":117},[66,82176,240],{"class":80},[66,82178,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82190,82192,82194],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,82180,877],{"class":72},[66,82182,77],{"class":76},[66,82184,80105],{"class":154},[66,82186,158],{"class":80},[66,82188,82189],{"class":137},"add",[66,82191,105],{"class":80},[66,82193,4557],{"class":137},[66,82195,163],{"class":80},[66,82197,82198],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,82199,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,82201,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,82203,155],{"class":154},[66,82205,158],{"class":80},[66,82207,174],{"class":173},[66,82209,158],{"class":80},[66,82211,901],{"class":137},[66,82213,181],{"class":80},[20,82215,695],{},[57,82217,82219],{"className":59,"code":82218,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82220,82221,82237,82247,82251,82271,82291,82313,82317],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82222,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82224,34920],{"class":957},[66,82226,82132],{"class":34923},[66,82228,158],{"class":80},[66,82230,652],{"class":37735},[66,82232,105],{"class":80},[66,82234,2858],{"class":37735},[66,82236,8635],{"class":80},[66,82238,82239,82241,82243,82245],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82240,34931],{"class":1060},[66,82242,44621],{"class":72},[66,82244,2357],{"class":76},[66,82246,36253],{"class":72},[66,82248,82249],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,82250,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,82252,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,82254,80741],{"class":72},[66,82256,77],{"class":76},[66,82258,1711],{"class":80},[66,82260,1714],{"class":117},[66,82262,105],{"class":80},[66,82264,1719],{"class":117},[66,82266,105],{"class":80},[66,82268,1724],{"class":117},[66,82270,240],{"class":80},[66,82272,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,82274,80762],{"class":72},[66,82276,77],{"class":76},[66,82278,1711],{"class":80},[66,82280,2628],{"class":117},[66,82282,105],{"class":80},[66,82284,118],{"class":117},[66,82286,105],{"class":80},[66,82288,8088],{"class":117},[66,82290,240],{"class":80},[66,82292,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,82294,877],{"class":72},[66,82296,77],{"class":76},[66,82298,80105],{"class":154},[66,82300,158],{"class":80},[66,82302,82189],{"class":137},[66,82304,105],{"class":80},[66,82306,80800],{"class":137},[66,82308,105],{"class":80},[66,82310,80805],{"class":137},[66,82312,163],{"class":80},[66,82314,82315],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,82316,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,82318,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,82320,155],{"class":154},[66,82322,158],{"class":80},[66,82324,174],{"class":173},[66,82326,158],{"class":80},[66,82328,901],{"class":137},[66,82330,181],{"class":80},[1430,82332,82334],{"id":82333},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82336,16918],{},[57,82338,82339],{"className":59,"code":81341,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,82340,82341,82361,82379,82383,82397],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82342,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355,82357,82359],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82344,1706],{"class":72},[66,82346,77],{"class":76},[66,82348,1711],{"class":80},[66,82350,1714],{"class":117},[66,82352,105],{"class":80},[66,82354,1719],{"class":117},[66,82356,105],{"class":80},[66,82358,1724],{"class":117},[66,82360,240],{"class":80},[66,82362,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375,82377],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82364,877],{"class":72},[66,82366,77],{"class":76},[66,82368,80105],{"class":154},[66,82370,158],{"class":80},[66,82372,3737],{"class":173},[66,82374,105],{"class":80},[66,82376,4557],{"class":137},[66,82378,163],{"class":80},[66,82380,82381],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,82382,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,82384,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,82386,155],{"class":154},[66,82388,158],{"class":80},[66,82390,174],{"class":173},[66,82392,158],{"class":80},[66,82394,901],{"class":137},[66,82396,181],{"class":80},[66,82398,82399,82401,82403,82405,82407,82409],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,82400,155],{"class":154},[66,82402,158],{"class":80},[66,82404,174],{"class":173},[66,82406,158],{"class":80},[66,82408,901],{"class":137},[66,82410,181],{"class":80},[20,82412,82413],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82415,82416],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[52,82418,67978],{"id":67977},[20,82420,9168,82421,82423],{},[15,82422,39790],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[57,82425,82427],{"className":59,"code":82426,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82428,82429,82439,82453,82467,82479],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82430,82431,82433,82435,82437],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82432,155],{"class":154},[66,82434,158],{"class":80},[66,82436,901],{"class":137},[66,82438,163],{"class":80},[66,82440,82441,82443,82445,82447,82449,82451],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82442,155],{"class":154},[66,82444,158],{"class":80},[66,82446,174],{"class":173},[66,82448,158],{"class":80},[66,82450,901],{"class":137},[66,82452,181],{"class":80},[66,82454,82455,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,82456,155],{"class":154},[66,82458,158],{"class":80},[66,82460,912],{"class":173},[66,82462,158],{"class":80},[66,82464,901],{"class":137},[66,82466,181],{"class":80},[66,82468,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,82470,1061],{"class":1060},[66,82472,6253],{"class":72},[66,82474,1067],{"class":1060},[66,82476,81300],{"class":72},[66,82478,1133],{"class":80},[66,82480,82481,82483,82485,82487],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,82482,1081],{"class":154},[66,82484,158],{"class":80},[66,82486,23563],{"class":137},[66,82488,163],{"class":80},[20,82490,12954],{},[30,82492,82493,82498,82503,82509],{},[33,82494,82495,82497],{},[15,82496,33094],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82499,82500,82502],{},[15,82501,33102],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82504,82505,82508],{},[15,82506,82507],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82510,82511,82512,82514],{},"looping over ",[15,82513,901],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82516,82517,82518,82521,82522,82524],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82519,82520],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82523,1061],{}," loop consume the map object.",[52,82526,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,82528,12986,82530,82532],{"id":82529},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82531,39790],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82534,82535,82536,82538,82539,24190],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82537,39790],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82540,82541],{},"list(map(...))",[1430,82543,2131,82545,82547,82548,82550],{"id":82544},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82546,39790],{}," better than a ",[15,82549,1061],{}," loop?",[20,82552,82553,82554,82556,82557,82559],{},"Not always. ",[15,82555,39790],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82558,1061],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1430,82561,5465,82563,82565],{"id":82562},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82564,39790],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82567,82568],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1430,82570,82572],{"id":82571},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82574,82575],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[52,82577,2183],{"id":2182},[30,82579,82580,82586,82592,82596,82600],{},[33,82581,82582],{},[652,82583,3870,82584,3803],{"href":40159},[15,82585,37648],{},[33,82587,82588],{},[652,82589,3870,82590,3803],{"href":64930},[15,82591,817],{},[33,82593,82594],{},[652,82595,5517],{"href":5427},[33,82597,82598],{},[652,82599,5522],{"href":4686},[33,82601,82602],{},[652,82603,5512],{"href":5431},[2222,82605,82606],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":82608},[82609,82610,82612,82613,82614,82616,82621,82628,82630,82637,82638,82647],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":80184,"depth":124,"text":82611},"What map() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":80503,"depth":124,"text":82615},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80687,"depth":124,"text":82617,"children":82618},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82619],{"id":80875,"depth":144,"text":82620},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81032,"depth":124,"text":82622,"children":82623},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82624,82626,82627],{"id":81050,"depth":144,"text":82625},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81241,"depth":144,"text":81242},{"id":81334,"depth":144,"text":81335},{"id":81595,"depth":124,"text":82629},"When to use map()",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":82631},[82632,82634,82635,82636],{"id":81904,"depth":144,"text":82633},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81993,"depth":144,"text":81994},{"id":82114,"depth":144,"text":82115},{"id":82333,"depth":144,"text":82334},{"id":67977,"depth":124,"text":67978},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":82639},[82640,82642,82644,82646],{"id":82529,"depth":144,"text":82641},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82544,"depth":144,"text":82643},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82562,"depth":144,"text":82645},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82571,"depth":144,"text":82572},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80016,"description":82648},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82655,"title":82656,"body":82657,"description":84677,"extension":2260,"meta":84678,"navigation":147,"path":84679,"seo":84680,"stem":84681,"__hash__":84682},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82658,"toc":84635},[82659,82665,82670,82673,82681,82684,82686,82810,82812,82830,82832,82852,82857,82861,82875,82878,82881,82883,82888,83000,83003,83021,83027,83030,83092,83094,83103,83106,83120,83122,83170,83172,83181,83191,83197,83200,83227,83229,83237,83240,83243,83313,83315,83323,83326,83331,83336,83387,83389,83397,83400,83402,83419,83421,83473,83476,83482,83486,83491,83494,83498,83557,83559,83568,83574,83583,83587,83650,83652,83660,83665,83669,83674,83754,83756,83765,83772,83777,83782,83785,83820,83822,83830,83833,83839,83841,83891,83893,83902,83905,83923,83925,83930,83936,83943,83970,83972,83995,84000,84035,84040,84046,84051,84094,84097,84100,84139,84146,84152,84157,84172,84176,84183,84186,84190,84195,84199,84204,84206,84267,84269,84298,84303,84310,84319,84321,84324,84349,84351,84454,84457,84475,84484,84486,84491,84494,84500,84503,84505,84515,84521,84525,84583,84590,84598,84600,84632],[10,82660,3870,82662,3874],{"id":82661},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82663,82664],{},"max()",[20,82666,9416,82667,82669],{},[15,82668,82664],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82671,82672],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82674,82675,82678],{},[33,82676,82677],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82679,82680],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82682,82683],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[52,82685,55],{"id":54},[57,82687,82689],{"className":59,"code":82688,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82690,82691,82715,82730,82734,82760,82764,82796],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82692,82693,82695,82697,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82694,1706],{"class":72},[66,82696,77],{"class":76},[66,82698,1711],{"class":80},[66,82700,2360],{"class":117},[66,82702,105],{"class":80},[66,82704,6652],{"class":117},[66,82706,105],{"class":80},[66,82708,1719],{"class":117},[66,82710,105],{"class":80},[66,82712,1231],{"class":117},[66,82714,240],{"class":80},[66,82716,82717,82719,82721,82724,82726,82728],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82718,155],{"class":154},[66,82720,158],{"class":80},[66,82722,82723],{"class":154},"max",[66,82725,158],{"class":80},[66,82727,1735],{"class":137},[66,82729,181],{"class":80},[66,82731,82732],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,82733,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,82735,82736,82738,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,82737,155],{"class":154},[66,82739,158],{"class":80},[66,82741,82723],{"class":154},[66,82743,158],{"class":80},[66,82745,2360],{"class":117},[66,82747,105],{"class":80},[66,82749,6652],{"class":117},[66,82751,105],{"class":80},[66,82753,1719],{"class":117},[66,82755,105],{"class":80},[66,82757,1231],{"class":117},[66,82759,181],{"class":80},[66,82761,82762],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,82763,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,82765,82766,82768,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82794],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,82767,4363],{"class":72},[66,82769,77],{"class":76},[66,82771,1711],{"class":80},[66,82773,85],{"class":84},[66,82775,4372],{"class":88},[66,82777,85],{"class":84},[66,82779,105],{"class":80},[66,82781,97],{"class":84},[66,82783,4381],{"class":88},[66,82785,85],{"class":84},[66,82787,105],{"class":80},[66,82789,97],{"class":84},[66,82791,78827],{"class":88},[66,82793,85],{"class":84},[66,82795,240],{"class":80},[66,82797,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,82799,155],{"class":154},[66,82801,158],{"class":80},[66,82803,82723],{"class":154},[66,82805,158],{"class":80},[66,82807,4407],{"class":137},[66,82809,181],{"class":80},[20,82811,187],{},[57,82813,82815],{"className":59,"code":82814,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82816,82817,82821,82825],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82818,82819],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82820,2679],{"class":117},[66,82822,82823],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82824,2679],{"class":117},[66,82826,82827],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,82828,82829],{"class":72},"pear\n",[20,82831,20216],{},[30,82833,82834,82840,82846],{},[33,82835,82836,82839],{},[15,82837,82838],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82841,82842,82845],{},[15,82843,82844],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82847,82848,82851],{},[15,82849,82850],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[52,82853,250,82855,253],{"id":82854},"what-max-does",[15,82856,82664],{},[20,82858,82859,94],{},[15,82860,82664],{},[30,82862,82863,82866,82869,82872],{},[33,82864,82865],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82867,82868],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82870,82871],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82873,82874],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82876,82877],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82879,82880],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[52,82882,2455],{"id":2454},[20,82884,82885,82886,94],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82887,82664],{},[57,82889,82891],{"className":59,"code":82890,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82892,82893,82903,82927,82949,82972],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,82894,82895,82897,82899,82901],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,82896,82723],{"class":154},[66,82898,158],{"class":80},[66,82900,4013],{"class":137},[66,82902,163],{"class":80},[66,82904,82905,82907,82909,82911,82913,82916,82918,82920,82922,82925],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,82906,82723],{"class":154},[66,82908,158],{"class":80},[66,82910,4013],{"class":137},[66,82912,105],{"class":80},[66,82914,82915],{"class":76}," *",[66,82917,105],{"class":80},[66,82919,21837],{"class":9467},[66,82921,77],{"class":76},[66,82923,82924],{"class":137},"func",[66,82926,163],{"class":80},[66,82928,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,82930,82723],{"class":154},[66,82932,158],{"class":80},[66,82934,4013],{"class":137},[66,82936,105],{"class":80},[66,82938,82915],{"class":76},[66,82940,105],{"class":80},[66,82942,26587],{"class":9467},[66,82944,77],{"class":76},[66,82946,2771],{"class":137},[66,82948,163],{"class":80},[66,82950,82951,82953,82955,82958,82960,82963,82965,82967,82970],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,82952,82723],{"class":154},[66,82954,158],{"class":80},[66,82956,82957],{"class":137},"arg1",[66,82959,105],{"class":80},[66,82961,82962],{"class":137}," arg2",[66,82964,105],{"class":80},[66,82966,82915],{"class":76},[66,82968,82969],{"class":137},"args",[66,82971,163],{"class":80},[66,82973,82974,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,82975,82723],{"class":154},[66,82977,158],{"class":80},[66,82979,82957],{"class":137},[66,82981,105],{"class":80},[66,82983,82962],{"class":137},[66,82985,105],{"class":80},[66,82987,82915],{"class":76},[66,82989,82969],{"class":137},[66,82991,105],{"class":80},[66,82993,21837],{"class":9467},[66,82995,77],{"class":76},[66,82997,82924],{"class":137},[66,82999,163],{"class":80},[20,83001,83002],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,83004,83005,83010,83015],{},[33,83006,83007,83009],{},[15,83008,4013],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,83011,83012,83014],{},[15,83013,1086],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,83016,83017,83020],{},[15,83018,83019],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[52,83022,1848,83024,83026],{"id":83023},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83025,82664],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83028,83029],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[57,83031,83033],{"className":59,"code":83032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83034,83035,83061,83077,83081],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83036,83037,83039,83041,83043,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83059],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83038,5359],{"class":72},[66,83040,77],{"class":76},[66,83042,1711],{"class":80},[66,83044,83045],{"class":117},"72",[66,83047,105],{"class":80},[66,83049,51589],{"class":117},[66,83051,105],{"class":80},[66,83053,13784],{"class":117},[66,83055,105],{"class":80},[66,83057,83058],{"class":117}," 66",[66,83060,240],{"class":80},[66,83062,83063,83066,83068,83071,83073,83075],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83064,83065],{"class":72},"highest_score ",[66,83067,77],{"class":76},[66,83069,83070],{"class":154}," max",[66,83072,158],{"class":80},[66,83074,16663],{"class":137},[66,83076,163],{"class":80},[66,83078,83079],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,83080,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,83082,83083,83085,83087,83090],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,83084,155],{"class":154},[66,83086,158],{"class":80},[66,83088,83089],{"class":137},"highest_score",[66,83091,163],{"class":80},[20,83093,187],{},[57,83095,83097],{"className":59,"code":83096,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"91\n",[15,83098,83099],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83100,83101],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83102,83096],{"class":117},[20,83104,83105],{},"This works well for:",[30,83107,83108,83111,83114,83117],{},[33,83109,83110],{},"Scores",[33,83112,83113],{},"Prices",[33,83115,83116],{},"Ages",[33,83118,83119],{},"Counts",[20,83121,52159],{},[57,83123,83125],{"className":59,"code":83124,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83126,83127,83155],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83128,83129,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140,83143,83145,83148,83150,83153],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83130,83131],{"class":72},"prices ",[66,83133,77],{"class":76},[66,83135,1711],{"class":80},[66,83137,40472],{"class":117},[66,83139,105],{"class":80},[66,83141,83142],{"class":117}," 5.50",[66,83144,105],{"class":80},[66,83146,83147],{"class":117}," 12.75",[66,83149,105],{"class":80},[66,83151,83152],{"class":117}," 29.00",[66,83154,240],{"class":80},[66,83156,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165,83168],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83158,155],{"class":154},[66,83160,158],{"class":80},[66,83162,82723],{"class":154},[66,83164,158],{"class":80},[66,83166,83167],{"class":137},"prices",[66,83169,181],{"class":80},[20,83171,187],{},[57,83173,83175],{"className":59,"code":83174,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"29.0\n",[15,83176,83177],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83178,83179],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83180,83174],{"class":117},[20,83182,83183,83184,83186,83187,50],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83185,82664],{}," is simpler than ",[652,83188,83189],{"href":74604},[15,83190,74507],{},[52,83192,1848,83194,83196],{"id":83193},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83195,82664],{}," with separate values",[20,83198,83199],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[57,83201,83203],{"className":59,"code":83202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83204,83205],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83206,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223,83225],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83208,155],{"class":154},[66,83210,158],{"class":80},[66,83212,82723],{"class":154},[66,83214,158],{"class":80},[66,83216,2803],{"class":117},[66,83218,105],{"class":80},[66,83220,31009],{"class":117},[66,83222,105],{"class":80},[66,83224,6286],{"class":117},[66,83226,181],{"class":80},[20,83228,187],{},[57,83230,83231],{"className":59,"code":2523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,83232,83233],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83234,83235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83236,2523],{"class":117},[20,83238,83239],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83241,83242],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[57,83244,83246],{"className":59,"code":83245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83247,83248,83257,83265,83275,83279,83302],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83249,83250,83252,83254],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83251,2853],{"class":72},[66,83253,77],{"class":76},[66,83255,83256],{"class":117}," 15\n",[66,83258,83259,83261,83263],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83260,2881],{"class":72},[66,83262,77],{"class":76},[66,83264,3068],{"class":117},[66,83266,83267,83270,83272],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,83268,83269],{"class":72},"c ",[66,83271,77],{"class":76},[66,83273,83274],{"class":117}," 27\n",[66,83276,83277],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,83278,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,83280,83281,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298,83300],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,83282,83283],{"class":72},"largest ",[66,83285,77],{"class":76},[66,83287,83070],{"class":154},[66,83289,158],{"class":80},[66,83291,652],{"class":137},[66,83293,105],{"class":80},[66,83295,2858],{"class":137},[66,83297,105],{"class":80},[66,83299,9969],{"class":137},[66,83301,163],{"class":80},[66,83303,83304,83306,83308,83311],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,83305,155],{"class":154},[66,83307,158],{"class":80},[66,83309,83310],{"class":137},"largest",[66,83312,163],{"class":80},[20,83314,187],{},[57,83316,83317],{"className":59,"code":46689,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,83318,83319],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83320,83321],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83322,46689],{"class":117},[20,83324,83325],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[52,83327,1848,83329,47136],{"id":83328},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83330,82664],{},[20,83332,83333,83335],{},[15,83334,82664],{}," can compare strings too.",[57,83337,83339],{"className":59,"code":83338,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83340,83341,83373],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83342,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83344,4363],{"class":72},[66,83346,77],{"class":76},[66,83348,1711],{"class":80},[66,83350,85],{"class":84},[66,83352,4372],{"class":88},[66,83354,85],{"class":84},[66,83356,105],{"class":80},[66,83358,97],{"class":84},[66,83360,4381],{"class":88},[66,83362,85],{"class":84},[66,83364,105],{"class":80},[66,83366,97],{"class":84},[66,83368,78827],{"class":88},[66,83370,85],{"class":84},[66,83372,240],{"class":80},[66,83374,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83376,155],{"class":154},[66,83378,158],{"class":80},[66,83380,82723],{"class":154},[66,83382,158],{"class":80},[66,83384,4407],{"class":137},[66,83386,181],{"class":80},[20,83388,187],{},[57,83390,83391],{"className":59,"code":82829,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,83392,83393],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83394,83395],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83396,82829],{"class":72},[20,83398,83399],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83401,68366],{},[30,83403,83404,83413,83416],{},[33,83405,83406,83409,83410,83412],{},[15,83407,83408],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83411,65357],{}," alphabetically",[33,83414,83415],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,83417,83418],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83420,281],{},[57,83422,83424],{"className":59,"code":83423,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83425,83426,83459],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83427,83428,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83429,4363],{"class":72},[66,83431,77],{"class":76},[66,83433,1711],{"class":80},[66,83435,85],{"class":84},[66,83437,4372],{"class":88},[66,83439,85],{"class":84},[66,83441,105],{"class":80},[66,83443,97],{"class":84},[66,83445,83446],{"class":88},"Banana",[66,83448,85],{"class":84},[66,83450,105],{"class":80},[66,83452,97],{"class":84},[66,83454,78827],{"class":88},[66,83456,85],{"class":84},[66,83458,240],{"class":80},[66,83460,83461,83463,83465,83467,83469,83471],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83462,155],{"class":154},[66,83464,158],{"class":80},[66,83466,82723],{"class":154},[66,83468,158],{"class":80},[66,83470,4407],{"class":137},[66,83472,181],{"class":80},[20,83474,83475],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83477,83478,83479,83481],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83480,1086],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[52,83483,36684,83484,36687],{"id":78785},[15,83485,1086],{},[20,83487,2277,83488,83490],{},[15,83489,1086],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83492,83493],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1430,83495,83497],{"id":83496},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[57,83499,83501],{"className":59,"code":83500,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83502,83503,83535],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83504,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83506,4363],{"class":72},[66,83508,77],{"class":76},[66,83510,1711],{"class":80},[66,83512,85],{"class":84},[66,83514,37119],{"class":88},[66,83516,85],{"class":84},[66,83518,105],{"class":80},[66,83520,97],{"class":84},[66,83522,68409],{"class":88},[66,83524,85],{"class":84},[66,83526,105],{"class":80},[66,83528,97],{"class":84},[66,83530,58208],{"class":88},[66,83532,85],{"class":84},[66,83534,240],{"class":80},[66,83536,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83538,155],{"class":154},[66,83540,158],{"class":80},[66,83542,82723],{"class":154},[66,83544,158],{"class":80},[66,83546,4407],{"class":137},[66,83548,105],{"class":80},[66,83550,21837],{"class":9467},[66,83552,77],{"class":76},[66,83554,11445],{"class":154},[66,83556,181],{"class":80},[20,83558,187],{},[57,83560,83562],{"className":59,"code":83561,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"elephant\n",[15,83563,83564],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83565,83566],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83567,83561],{"class":72},[20,83569,21030,83570,83573],{},[15,83571,83572],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83575,83576,83577,33696,83579,50],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83578,42436],{},[652,83580,83581,6078],{"href":42433},[15,83582,42436],{},[1430,83584,83586],{"id":83585},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[57,83588,83590],{"className":59,"code":83589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83591,83592,83624],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83593,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83595,4363],{"class":72},[66,83597,77],{"class":76},[66,83599,1711],{"class":80},[66,83601,85],{"class":84},[66,83603,4372],{"class":88},[66,83605,85],{"class":84},[66,83607,105],{"class":80},[66,83609,97],{"class":84},[66,83611,83446],{"class":88},[66,83613,85],{"class":84},[66,83615,105],{"class":80},[66,83617,97],{"class":84},[66,83619,78827],{"class":88},[66,83621,85],{"class":84},[66,83623,240],{"class":80},[66,83625,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83627,155],{"class":154},[66,83629,158],{"class":80},[66,83631,82723],{"class":154},[66,83633,158],{"class":80},[66,83635,4407],{"class":137},[66,83637,105],{"class":80},[66,83639,21837],{"class":9467},[66,83641,77],{"class":76},[66,83643,3737],{"class":173},[66,83645,50],{"class":80},[66,83647,8933],{"class":784},[66,83649,181],{"class":80},[20,83651,187],{},[57,83653,83654],{"className":59,"code":82829,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,83655,83656],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83657,83658],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83659,82829],{"class":72},[20,83661,21030,83662,83664],{},[15,83663,78781],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1430,83666,83668],{"id":83667},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83670,83671,83672,94],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83673,37732],{},[57,83675,83677],{"className":59,"code":83676,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83678,83679,83722],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83680,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693,83695,83697,83700,83702,83704,83706,83709,83711,83713,83715,83718,83720],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83682,8073],{"class":72},[66,83684,77],{"class":76},[66,83686,1711],{"class":80},[66,83688,85],{"class":84},[66,83690,652],{"class":88},[66,83692,85],{"class":84},[66,83694,105],{"class":80},[66,83696,97],{"class":84},[66,83698,83699],{"class":88},"bb",[66,83701,85],{"class":84},[66,83703,105],{"class":80},[66,83705,97],{"class":84},[66,83707,83708],{"class":88},"cccc",[66,83710,85],{"class":84},[66,83712,105],{"class":80},[66,83714,97],{"class":84},[66,83716,83717],{"class":88},"ddd",[66,83719,85],{"class":84},[66,83721,240],{"class":80},[66,83723,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83725,155],{"class":154},[66,83727,158],{"class":80},[66,83729,82723],{"class":154},[66,83731,158],{"class":80},[66,83733,8103],{"class":137},[66,83735,105],{"class":80},[66,83737,21837],{"class":9467},[66,83739,77],{"class":76},[66,83741,37732],{"class":957},[66,83743,42917],{"class":37735},[66,83745,94],{"class":80},[66,83747,38459],{"class":154},[66,83749,158],{"class":80},[66,83751,34777],{"class":137},[66,83753,3210],{"class":80},[20,83755,187],{},[57,83757,83759],{"className":59,"code":83758,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"cccc\n",[15,83760,83761],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83762,83763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83764,83758],{"class":72},[20,83766,49628,83767,4688,83769,83771],{},[15,83768,83572],{},[15,83770,78668],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[52,83773,36684,83775,36687],{"id":83774},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83776,83019],{},[20,83778,2277,83779,83781],{},[15,83780,83019],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83783,83784],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[57,83786,83788],{"className":59,"code":83787,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83789,83790,83798],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83791,83792,83794,83796],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83793,1706],{"class":72},[66,83795,77],{"class":76},[66,83797,8132],{"class":80},[66,83799,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83801,155],{"class":154},[66,83803,158],{"class":80},[66,83805,82723],{"class":154},[66,83807,158],{"class":80},[66,83809,1735],{"class":137},[66,83811,105],{"class":80},[66,83813,26587],{"class":9467},[66,83815,77],{"class":76},[66,83817,2021],{"class":117},[66,83819,181],{"class":80},[20,83821,187],{},[57,83823,83824],{"className":59,"code":47329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,83825,83826],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83827,83828],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83829,47329],{"class":117},[20,83831,83832],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83834,83835,83836,83838],{},"Without ",[15,83837,83019],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83840,52159],{},[57,83842,83844],{"className":59,"code":83843,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83845,83846,83854,83881],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83847,83848,83850,83852],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83849,4363],{"class":72},[66,83851,77],{"class":76},[66,83853,8132],{"class":80},[66,83855,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874,83877,83879],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83857,877],{"class":72},[66,83859,77],{"class":76},[66,83861,83070],{"class":154},[66,83863,158],{"class":80},[66,83865,4407],{"class":137},[66,83867,105],{"class":80},[66,83869,26587],{"class":9467},[66,83871,77],{"class":76},[66,83873,85],{"class":84},[66,83875,83876],{"class":88},"no words found",[66,83878,85],{"class":84},[66,83880,163],{"class":80},[66,83882,83883,83885,83887,83889],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,83884,155],{"class":154},[66,83886,158],{"class":80},[66,83888,901],{"class":137},[66,83890,163],{"class":80},[20,83892,187],{},[57,83894,83896],{"className":59,"code":83895,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"no words found\n",[15,83897,83898],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83899,83900],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83901,83895],{"class":72},[20,83903,83904],{},"Important:",[30,83906,83907,83915],{},[33,83908,83909,83911,83912],{},[15,83910,83019],{}," works with ",[15,83913,83914],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83916,40980,83917,83919,83920],{},[185,83918,4926],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83921,83922],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[52,83924,48064],{"id":48063},[20,83926,83927,83928,50],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83929,82664],{},[1430,83931,83933,83935],{"id":83932},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83934,40778],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83937,83938,83939,45985,83941,50],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83940,83019],{},[15,83942,40778],{},[57,83944,83946],{"className":59,"code":83945,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83947,83948,83956],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83949,83950,83952,83954],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83951,1706],{"class":72},[66,83953,77],{"class":76},[66,83955,8132],{"class":80},[66,83957,83958,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,83959,155],{"class":154},[66,83961,158],{"class":80},[66,83963,82723],{"class":154},[66,83965,158],{"class":80},[66,83967,1735],{"class":137},[66,83969,181],{"class":80},[20,83971,29746],{},[57,83973,83975],{"className":59,"code":83974,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83976,83977],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,83978,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987,83990,83992],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,83980,40778],{"class":173},[66,83982,94],{"class":80},[66,83984,83070],{"class":154},[66,83986,7659],{"class":80},[66,83988,83989],{"class":72}," arg ",[66,83991,12475],{"class":76},[66,83993,83994],{"class":72}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83996,83997,83998,94],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83999,83019],{},[57,84001,84003],{"className":59,"code":84002,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84004,84005,84013],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84006,84007,84009,84011],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84008,1706],{"class":72},[66,84010,77],{"class":76},[66,84012,8132],{"class":80},[66,84014,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031,84033],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84016,155],{"class":154},[66,84018,158],{"class":80},[66,84020,82723],{"class":154},[66,84022,158],{"class":80},[66,84024,1735],{"class":137},[66,84026,105],{"class":80},[66,84028,26587],{"class":9467},[66,84030,77],{"class":76},[66,84032,4071],{"class":4146},[66,84034,181],{"class":80},[20,84036,84037,84038,50],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[652,84039,65922],{"href":72961},[1430,84041,84043,84045],{"id":84042},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84044,3302],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84047,84048,84049,50],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84050,3302],{},[57,84052,84054],{"className":59,"code":84053,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84055,84056,84080],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84057,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84059,8073],{"class":72},[66,84061,77],{"class":76},[66,84063,1711],{"class":80},[66,84065,2628],{"class":117},[66,84067,105],{"class":80},[66,84069,97],{"class":84},[66,84071,16028],{"class":88},[66,84073,85],{"class":84},[66,84075,105],{"class":80},[66,84077,8088],{"class":117},[66,84079,240],{"class":80},[66,84081,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84083,155],{"class":154},[66,84085,158],{"class":80},[66,84087,82723],{"class":154},[66,84089,158],{"class":80},[66,84091,8103],{"class":137},[66,84093,181],{"class":80},[20,84095,84096],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84098,84099],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[57,84101,84103],{"className":59,"code":84102,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84104,84105,84125],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84106,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84108,8073],{"class":72},[66,84110,77],{"class":76},[66,84112,1711],{"class":80},[66,84114,2628],{"class":117},[66,84116,105],{"class":80},[66,84118,118],{"class":117},[66,84120,105],{"class":80},[66,84122,8088],{"class":117},[66,84124,240],{"class":80},[66,84126,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84128,155],{"class":154},[66,84130,158],{"class":80},[66,84132,82723],{"class":154},[66,84134,158],{"class":80},[66,84136,8103],{"class":137},[66,84138,181],{"class":80},[20,84140,84141,84142,50],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[652,84143,84145],{"href":84144},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1430,84147,84149,84151],{"id":84148},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84150,3302],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84153,84154,84156],{},[15,84155,82664],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[57,84158,84160],{"className":59,"code":84159,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(max())\n",[15,84161,84162],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84163,84164,84166,84168,84170],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84165,155],{"class":154},[66,84167,158],{"class":80},[66,84169,82723],{"class":154},[66,84171,345],{"class":80},[20,84173,3299,84174,50],{},[15,84175,3302],{},[52,84177,84179,10871,84181],{"id":84178},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84180,82664],{},[15,84182,74507],{},[20,84184,84185],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84187,84188,94],{},[15,84189,82664],{},[30,84191,84192],{},[33,84193,84194],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84196,84197,94],{},[15,84198,74507],{},[30,84200,84201],{},[33,84202,84203],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84205,281],{},[57,84207,84209],{"className":59,"code":84208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84210,84211,84235,84239,84253],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84212,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84214,1706],{"class":72},[66,84216,77],{"class":76},[66,84218,1711],{"class":80},[66,84220,2360],{"class":117},[66,84222,105],{"class":80},[66,84224,6652],{"class":117},[66,84226,105],{"class":80},[66,84228,1719],{"class":117},[66,84230,105],{"class":80},[66,84232,1231],{"class":117},[66,84234,240],{"class":80},[66,84236,84237],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84238,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,84240,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,84242,155],{"class":154},[66,84244,158],{"class":80},[66,84246,82723],{"class":154},[66,84248,158],{"class":80},[66,84250,1735],{"class":137},[66,84252,181],{"class":80},[66,84254,84255,84257,84259,84261,84263,84265],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,84256,155],{"class":154},[66,84258,158],{"class":80},[66,84260,74597],{"class":154},[66,84262,158],{"class":80},[66,84264,1735],{"class":137},[66,84266,181],{"class":80},[20,84268,187],{},[57,84270,84272],{"className":59,"code":84271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84273,84274,84278],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84275,84276],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84277,2679],{"class":117},[66,84279,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84281,223],{"class":80},[66,84283,2354],{"class":117},[66,84285,105],{"class":80},[66,84287,1724],{"class":117},[66,84289,105],{"class":80},[66,84291,1231],{"class":117},[66,84293,105],{"class":80},[66,84295,6652],{"class":117},[66,84297,240],{"class":80},[20,84299,243,84300,84302],{},[15,84301,82664],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84304,243,84305,84309],{},[652,84306,84307],{"href":74604},[15,84308,74507],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84311,84312,84313,50],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[652,84314,84316],{"href":84315},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84317,84318],{},"min()",[52,84320,1838],{"id":1837},[20,84322,84323],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,84325,84326,84333,84336,84341,84344],{},[33,84327,29715,84328,84330,84331],{},[15,84329,82664],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84332,83019],{},[33,84334,84335],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,84337,1433,84338,84340],{},[15,84339,82664],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,84342,84343],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,84345,1848,84346,84348],{},[15,84347,83019],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84350,2030],{},[57,84352,84354],{"className":59,"code":84353,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84355,84356,84366,84380,84394,84408,84430],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84357,84358,84360,84362,84364],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84359,155],{"class":154},[66,84361,158],{"class":80},[66,84363,8103],{"class":137},[66,84365,163],{"class":80},[66,84367,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84369,155],{"class":154},[66,84371,158],{"class":80},[66,84373,912],{"class":173},[66,84375,158],{"class":80},[66,84377,8103],{"class":137},[66,84379,181],{"class":80},[66,84381,84382,84384,84386,84388,84390,84392],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,84383,155],{"class":154},[66,84385,158],{"class":80},[66,84387,11445],{"class":154},[66,84389,158],{"class":80},[66,84391,8103],{"class":137},[66,84393,181],{"class":80},[66,84395,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,84397,155],{"class":154},[66,84399,158],{"class":80},[66,84401,82723],{"class":154},[66,84403,158],{"class":80},[66,84405,8103],{"class":137},[66,84407,181],{"class":80},[66,84409,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,84411,155],{"class":154},[66,84413,158],{"class":80},[66,84415,82723],{"class":154},[66,84417,158],{"class":80},[66,84419,8103],{"class":137},[66,84421,105],{"class":80},[66,84423,26587],{"class":9467},[66,84425,77],{"class":76},[66,84427,4071],{"class":4146},[66,84429,181],{"class":80},[66,84431,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,84433,155],{"class":154},[66,84435,199],{"class":80},[66,84437,912],{"class":173},[66,84439,158],{"class":80},[66,84441,2471],{"class":137},[66,84443,3954],{"class":80},[66,84445,4171],{"class":1060},[66,84447,4174],{"class":137},[66,84449,1067],{"class":1060},[66,84451,6258],{"class":137},[66,84453,218],{"class":80},[20,84455,84456],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84458,84459,84464,84469,84472],{},[33,84460,84461,84462],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84463,8103],{},[33,84465,79834,84466,84468],{},[15,84467,8103],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84470,84471],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84473,84474],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84476,69430,84477,84480,84481,84483],{},[15,84478,84479],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84482,8103],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[52,84485,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,84487,5438,84489,2122],{"id":84488},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84490,82664],{},[20,84492,84493],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1430,84495,5465,84497,84499],{"id":84496},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84498,82664],{}," work with strings?",[20,84501,84502],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1430,84504,71729],{"id":71728},[20,84506,84507,52574,84509,84511,84512,84514],{},[15,84508,82664],{},[15,84510,40778],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84513,83019],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1430,84516,84518,84519,2151],{"id":84517},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84520,82664],{},[20,84522,243,84523,94],{},[15,84524,83572],{},[57,84526,84527],{"className":59,"code":83500,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,84528,84529,84561],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84530,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84532,4363],{"class":72},[66,84534,77],{"class":76},[66,84536,1711],{"class":80},[66,84538,85],{"class":84},[66,84540,37119],{"class":88},[66,84542,85],{"class":84},[66,84544,105],{"class":80},[66,84546,97],{"class":84},[66,84548,68409],{"class":88},[66,84550,85],{"class":84},[66,84552,105],{"class":80},[66,84554,97],{"class":84},[66,84556,58208],{"class":88},[66,84558,85],{"class":84},[66,84560,240],{"class":80},[66,84562,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84564,155],{"class":154},[66,84566,158],{"class":80},[66,84568,82723],{"class":154},[66,84570,158],{"class":80},[66,84572,4407],{"class":137},[66,84574,105],{"class":80},[66,84576,21837],{"class":9467},[66,84578,77],{"class":76},[66,84580,11445],{"class":154},[66,84582,181],{"class":80},[1430,84584,5475,84586,4688,84588,2151],{"id":84585},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84587,82664],{},[15,84589,74507],{},[20,84591,84592,84594,84595,84597],{},[15,84593,82664],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84596,74507],{}," returns all items in order.",[52,84599,2183],{"id":2182},[30,84601,84602,84608,84614,84620,84624,84628],{},[33,84603,84604],{},[652,84605,84606,3803],{"href":84315},[15,84607,84318],{},[33,84609,84610],{},[652,84611,84612,3803],{"href":74604},[15,84613,74507],{},[33,84615,84616],{},[652,84617,84618,3803],{"href":42433},[15,84619,42436],{},[33,84621,84622],{},[652,84623,59037],{"href":59036},[33,84625,84626],{},[652,84627,65922],{"href":72961},[33,84629,84630],{},[652,84631,84145],{"href":84144},[2222,84633,84634],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":84636},[84637,84638,84640,84641,84643,84645,84647,84652,84654,84662,84664,84665,84676],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":82854,"depth":124,"text":84639},"What max() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":83023,"depth":124,"text":84642},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83193,"depth":124,"text":84644},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83328,"depth":124,"text":84646},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78785,"depth":124,"text":79983,"children":84648},[84649,84650,84651],{"id":83496,"depth":144,"text":83497},{"id":83585,"depth":144,"text":83586},{"id":83667,"depth":144,"text":83668},{"id":83774,"depth":124,"text":84653},"Using the default argument",{"id":48063,"depth":124,"text":48064,"children":84655},[84656,84658,84660],{"id":83932,"depth":144,"text":84657},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84042,"depth":144,"text":84659},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84148,"depth":144,"text":84661},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84178,"depth":124,"text":84663},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":84666},[84667,84669,84671,84672,84674],{"id":84488,"depth":144,"text":84668},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84496,"depth":144,"text":84670},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71728,"depth":144,"text":71729},{"id":84517,"depth":144,"text":84673},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84585,"depth":144,"text":84675},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82656,"description":84677},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84684,"title":84685,"body":84686,"description":86640,"extension":2260,"meta":86641,"navigation":147,"path":86642,"seo":86643,"stem":86644,"__hash__":86645},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84687,"toc":86597},[84688,84693,84698,84704,84706,84780,84782,84795,84800,84805,84821,84825,84830,84906,84912,84915,84958,84960,84968,84974,84977,85008,85010,85018,85024,85029,85088,85090,85099,85102,85112,85118,85123,85158,85160,85168,85174,85180,85185,85229,85231,85240,85243,85283,85285,85294,85297,85309,85314,85319,85370,85372,85381,85384,85435,85437,85446,85449,85456,85462,85467,85469,85484,85488,85548,85550,85559,85563,85735,85737,85774,85781,85787,85790,85817,85819,85840,85845,85880,85882,85890,85893,85896,85912,85917,85919,85923,85929,85933,85960,85963,85973,86013,86017,86020,86063,86065,86074,86077,86082,86151,86153,86161,86166,86170,86173,86224,86226,86234,86237,86300,86302,86310,86313,86318,86322,86335,86342,86350,86352,86354,86384,86390,86491,86501,86503,86508,86511,86516,86519,86521,86529,86537,86545,86552,86560,86562,86594],[10,84689,3870,84691,3874],{"id":84690},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84692,84318],{},[20,84694,84695,84697],{},[15,84696,84318],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84699,84700,84701,84703],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84702,84318],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[52,84705,55],{"id":54},[57,84707,84709],{"className":59,"code":84708,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84710,84711,84735,84750,84754],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84712,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84714,1706],{"class":72},[66,84716,77],{"class":76},[66,84718,1711],{"class":80},[66,84720,2433],{"class":117},[66,84722,105],{"class":80},[66,84724,1719],{"class":117},[66,84726,105],{"class":80},[66,84728,54216],{"class":117},[66,84730,105],{"class":80},[66,84732,1896],{"class":117},[66,84734,240],{"class":80},[66,84736,84737,84739,84741,84744,84746,84748],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84738,155],{"class":154},[66,84740,158],{"class":80},[66,84742,84743],{"class":154},"min",[66,84745,158],{"class":80},[66,84747,1735],{"class":137},[66,84749,181],{"class":80},[66,84751,84752],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,84753,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,84755,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,84757,155],{"class":154},[66,84759,158],{"class":80},[66,84761,84743],{"class":154},[66,84763,158],{"class":80},[66,84765,2433],{"class":117},[66,84767,105],{"class":80},[66,84769,1719],{"class":117},[66,84771,105],{"class":80},[66,84773,54216],{"class":117},[66,84775,105],{"class":80},[66,84777,1896],{"class":117},[66,84779,181],{"class":80},[20,84781,187],{},[57,84783,84785],{"className":59,"code":84784,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1\n1\n",[15,84786,84787,84791],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84788,84789],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84790,46994],{"class":117},[66,84792,84793],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84794,46994],{"class":117},[20,84796,243,84797,84799],{},[15,84798,84318],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[52,84801,250,84803,253],{"id":84802},"what-min-does",[15,84804,84318],{},[30,84806,84807,84812,84815,84818],{},[33,84808,84809,84811],{},[15,84810,84318],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84813,84814],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84816,84817],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84819,84820],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[52,84822,84824],{"id":84823},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84826,84827,84828,94],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84829,84318],{},[57,84831,84833],{"className":59,"code":84832,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84834,84835,84845,84870,84888],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84836,84837,84839,84841,84843],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84838,84743],{"class":154},[66,84840,158],{"class":80},[66,84842,4013],{"class":137},[66,84844,163],{"class":80},[66,84846,84847,84849,84851,84854,84856,84859,84861,84864,84866,84868],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84848,84743],{"class":154},[66,84850,158],{"class":80},[66,84852,84853],{"class":137},"value1",[66,84855,105],{"class":80},[66,84857,84858],{"class":137}," value2",[66,84860,105],{"class":80},[66,84862,84863],{"class":137}," value3",[66,84865,105],{"class":80},[66,84867,34522],{"class":154},[66,84869,163],{"class":80},[66,84871,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,84873,84743],{"class":154},[66,84875,158],{"class":80},[66,84877,4013],{"class":137},[66,84879,105],{"class":80},[66,84881,21837],{"class":9467},[66,84883,77],{"class":76},[66,84885,37443],{"class":154},[66,84887,163],{"class":80},[66,84889,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,84891,84743],{"class":154},[66,84893,158],{"class":80},[66,84895,4013],{"class":137},[66,84897,105],{"class":80},[66,84899,26587],{"class":9467},[66,84901,77],{"class":76},[66,84903,37443],{"class":154},[66,84905,163],{"class":80},[1430,84907,84909],{"id":84908},"miniterable",[15,84910,84911],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84913,84914],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[57,84916,84918],{"className":59,"code":84917,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84919,84920,84944],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84921,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84923,1706],{"class":72},[66,84925,77],{"class":76},[66,84927,1711],{"class":80},[66,84929,2643],{"class":117},[66,84931,105],{"class":80},[66,84933,1724],{"class":117},[66,84935,105],{"class":80},[66,84937,31009],{"class":117},[66,84939,105],{"class":80},[66,84941,1896],{"class":117},[66,84943,240],{"class":80},[66,84945,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,84947,155],{"class":154},[66,84949,158],{"class":80},[66,84951,84743],{"class":154},[66,84953,158],{"class":80},[66,84955,1735],{"class":137},[66,84957,181],{"class":80},[20,84959,187],{},[57,84961,84962],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,84963,84964],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84965,84966],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84967,46994],{"class":117},[1430,84969,84971],{"id":84970},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84972,84973],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84975,84976],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[57,84978,84980],{"className":59,"code":84979,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84981,84982],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,84983,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,84985,155],{"class":154},[66,84987,158],{"class":80},[66,84989,84743],{"class":154},[66,84991,158],{"class":80},[66,84993,2643],{"class":117},[66,84995,105],{"class":80},[66,84997,1724],{"class":117},[66,84999,105],{"class":80},[66,85001,31009],{"class":117},[66,85003,105],{"class":80},[66,85005,1896],{"class":117},[66,85007,181],{"class":80},[20,85009,187],{},[57,85011,85012],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,85013,85014],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85015,85016],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85017,46994],{"class":117},[1430,85019,85021],{"id":85020},"miniterable-key",[15,85022,85023],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85025,243,85026,85028],{},[15,85027,1086],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[57,85030,85032],{"className":59,"code":85031,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85033,85034,85066],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85035,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85037,4363],{"class":72},[66,85039,77],{"class":76},[66,85041,1711],{"class":80},[66,85043,85],{"class":84},[66,85045,78827],{"class":88},[66,85047,85],{"class":84},[66,85049,105],{"class":80},[66,85051,97],{"class":84},[66,85053,38414],{"class":88},[66,85055,85],{"class":84},[66,85057,105],{"class":80},[66,85059,97],{"class":84},[66,85061,4381],{"class":88},[66,85063,85],{"class":84},[66,85065,240],{"class":80},[66,85067,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85069,155],{"class":154},[66,85071,158],{"class":80},[66,85073,84743],{"class":154},[66,85075,158],{"class":80},[66,85077,4407],{"class":137},[66,85079,105],{"class":80},[66,85081,21837],{"class":9467},[66,85083,77],{"class":76},[66,85085,11445],{"class":154},[66,85087,181],{"class":80},[20,85089,187],{},[57,85091,85093],{"className":59,"code":85092,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"kiwi\n",[15,85094,85095],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85096,85097],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85098,85092],{"class":72},[20,85100,85101],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85103,85104,85105,85107,85108,50],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85106,42436],{},", see the ",[652,85109,85110,3803],{"href":42433},[15,85111,42436],{},[1430,85113,85115],{"id":85114},"miniterable-default",[15,85116,85117],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85119,243,85120,85122],{},[15,85121,83019],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[57,85124,85126],{"className":59,"code":85125,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85127,85128,85136],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85129,85130,85132,85134],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85131,1706],{"class":72},[66,85133,77],{"class":76},[66,85135,8132],{"class":80},[66,85137,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85139,155],{"class":154},[66,85141,158],{"class":80},[66,85143,84743],{"class":154},[66,85145,158],{"class":80},[66,85147,1735],{"class":137},[66,85149,105],{"class":80},[66,85151,26587],{"class":9467},[66,85153,77],{"class":76},[66,85155,2021],{"class":117},[66,85157,181],{"class":80},[20,85159,187],{},[57,85161,85162],{"className":59,"code":47329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,85163,85164],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85165,85166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85167,47329],{"class":117},[20,85169,85170,85171,85173],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85172,40778],{}," when there is no item to return.",[52,85175,1848,85177,85179],{"id":85176},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85178,84318],{}," with numbers",[20,85181,85182,85184],{},[15,85183,84318],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[57,85186,85188],{"className":59,"code":85187,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85189,85190,85215],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85191,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85193,5359],{"class":72},[66,85195,77],{"class":76},[66,85197,1711],{"class":80},[66,85199,51584],{"class":117},[66,85201,105],{"class":80},[66,85203,85204],{"class":117}," 72",[66,85206,105],{"class":80},[66,85208,28971],{"class":117},[66,85210,105],{"class":80},[66,85212,76183],{"class":117},[66,85214,240],{"class":80},[66,85216,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85218,155],{"class":154},[66,85220,158],{"class":80},[66,85222,84743],{"class":154},[66,85224,158],{"class":80},[66,85226,16663],{"class":137},[66,85228,181],{"class":80},[20,85230,187],{},[57,85232,85234],{"className":59,"code":85233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"60\n",[15,85235,85236],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85237,85238],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85239,85233],{"class":117},[20,85241,85242],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[57,85244,85246],{"className":59,"code":85245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85247,85248,85269],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85249,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85263,85265,85267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85251,83131],{"class":72},[66,85253,77],{"class":76},[66,85255,1711],{"class":80},[66,85257,40472],{"class":117},[66,85259,105],{"class":80},[66,85261,85262],{"class":117}," 5.49",[66,85264,105],{"class":80},[66,85266,83147],{"class":117},[66,85268,240],{"class":80},[66,85270,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85272,155],{"class":154},[66,85274,158],{"class":80},[66,85276,84743],{"class":154},[66,85278,158],{"class":80},[66,85280,83167],{"class":137},[66,85282,181],{"class":80},[20,85284,187],{},[57,85286,85288],{"className":59,"code":85287,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5.49\n",[15,85289,85290],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85291,85292],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85293,85287],{"class":117},[20,85295,85296],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,85298,85299,85301,85303,85306],{},[33,85300,16663],{},[33,85302,83167],{},[33,85304,85305],{},"measurements",[33,85307,85308],{},"ages",[52,85310,1848,85312,47136],{"id":85311},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85313,84318],{},[20,85315,85316,85318],{},[15,85317,84318],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[57,85320,85322],{"className":59,"code":85321,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85323,85324,85356],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85325,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85327,4363],{"class":72},[66,85329,77],{"class":76},[66,85331,1711],{"class":80},[66,85333,85],{"class":84},[66,85335,4381],{"class":88},[66,85337,85],{"class":84},[66,85339,105],{"class":80},[66,85341,97],{"class":84},[66,85343,4372],{"class":88},[66,85345,85],{"class":84},[66,85347,105],{"class":80},[66,85349,97],{"class":84},[66,85351,4390],{"class":88},[66,85353,85],{"class":84},[66,85355,240],{"class":80},[66,85357,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85359,155],{"class":154},[66,85361,158],{"class":80},[66,85363,84743],{"class":154},[66,85365,158],{"class":80},[66,85367,4407],{"class":137},[66,85369,181],{"class":80},[20,85371,187],{},[57,85373,85375],{"className":59,"code":85374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"apple\n",[15,85376,85377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85378,85379],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85380,85374],{"class":72},[20,85382,85383],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[57,85385,85387],{"className":59,"code":85386,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85388,85389,85421],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85390,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85392,4363],{"class":72},[66,85394,77],{"class":76},[66,85396,1711],{"class":80},[66,85398,85],{"class":84},[66,85400,4381],{"class":88},[66,85402,85],{"class":84},[66,85404,105],{"class":80},[66,85406,97],{"class":84},[66,85408,57849],{"class":88},[66,85410,85],{"class":84},[66,85412,105],{"class":80},[66,85414,97],{"class":84},[66,85416,4390],{"class":88},[66,85418,85],{"class":84},[66,85420,240],{"class":80},[66,85422,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85424,155],{"class":154},[66,85426,158],{"class":80},[66,85428,84743],{"class":154},[66,85430,158],{"class":80},[66,85432,4407],{"class":137},[66,85434,181],{"class":80},[20,85436,187],{},[57,85438,85440],{"className":59,"code":85439,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Apple\n",[15,85441,85442],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85443,85444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85445,85439],{"class":72},[20,85447,85448],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85450,85451,85452,50],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[652,85453,85454,6078],{"href":74604},[15,85455,74507],{},[52,85457,1848,85459,85461],{"id":85458},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85460,84318],{}," with a key function",[20,85463,2277,85464,85466],{},[15,85465,1086],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85468,261],{},[30,85470,85471,85476,85481],{},[33,85472,85473,85475],{},[15,85474,1086],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85477,85478,85480],{},[15,85479,84318],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85482,85483],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1430,85485,85487],{"id":85486},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[57,85489,85491],{"className":59,"code":85490,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85492,85493,85526],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85494,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85522,85524],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85496,4363],{"class":72},[66,85498,77],{"class":76},[66,85500,1711],{"class":80},[66,85502,85],{"class":84},[66,85504,68409],{"class":88},[66,85506,85],{"class":84},[66,85508,105],{"class":80},[66,85510,97],{"class":84},[66,85512,37119],{"class":88},[66,85514,85],{"class":84},[66,85516,105],{"class":80},[66,85518,97],{"class":84},[66,85520,85521],{"class":88},"giraffe",[66,85523,85],{"class":84},[66,85525,240],{"class":80},[66,85527,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85529,155],{"class":154},[66,85531,158],{"class":80},[66,85533,84743],{"class":154},[66,85535,158],{"class":80},[66,85537,4407],{"class":137},[66,85539,105],{"class":80},[66,85541,21837],{"class":9467},[66,85543,77],{"class":76},[66,85545,11445],{"class":154},[66,85547,181],{"class":80},[20,85549,187],{},[57,85551,85553],{"className":59,"code":85552,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"cat\n",[15,85554,85555],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85556,85557],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85558,85552],{"class":72},[1430,85560,85562],{"id":85561},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[57,85564,85566],{"className":59,"code":85565,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85567,85568,85578,85613,85645,85677,85681,85685,85724],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85569,85570,85573,85575],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85571,85572],{"class":72},"students ",[66,85574,77],{"class":76},[66,85576,85577],{"class":80}," [\n",[66,85579,85580,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85604,85606,85608,85610],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85581,85582],{"class":80},"    {",[66,85584,85],{"class":84},[66,85586,89],{"class":88},[66,85588,85],{"class":84},[66,85590,94],{"class":80},[66,85592,97],{"class":84},[66,85594,100],{"class":88},[66,85596,85],{"class":84},[66,85598,105],{"class":80},[66,85600,97],{"class":84},[66,85602,85603],{"class":88},"score",[66,85605,85],{"class":84},[66,85607,94],{"class":80},[66,85609,13784],{"class":117},[66,85611,85612],{"class":80},"},\n",[66,85614,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,85616,85582],{"class":80},[66,85618,85],{"class":84},[66,85620,89],{"class":88},[66,85622,85],{"class":84},[66,85624,94],{"class":80},[66,85626,97],{"class":84},[66,85628,36011],{"class":88},[66,85630,85],{"class":84},[66,85632,105],{"class":80},[66,85634,97],{"class":84},[66,85636,85603],{"class":88},[66,85638,85],{"class":84},[66,85640,94],{"class":80},[66,85642,85204],{"class":117},[66,85644,85612],{"class":80},[66,85646,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671,85673,85675],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,85648,85582],{"class":80},[66,85650,85],{"class":84},[66,85652,89],{"class":88},[66,85654,85],{"class":84},[66,85656,94],{"class":80},[66,85658,97],{"class":84},[66,85660,36020],{"class":88},[66,85662,85],{"class":84},[66,85664,105],{"class":80},[66,85666,97],{"class":84},[66,85668,85603],{"class":88},[66,85670,85],{"class":84},[66,85672,94],{"class":80},[66,85674,20157],{"class":117},[66,85676,121],{"class":80},[66,85678,85679],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,85680,240],{"class":80},[66,85682,85683],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,85684,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,85686,85687,85690,85692,85695,85697,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,85688,85689],{"class":72},"lowest ",[66,85691,77],{"class":76},[66,85693,85694],{"class":154}," min",[66,85696,158],{"class":80},[66,85698,85699],{"class":137},"students",[66,85701,105],{"class":80},[66,85703,21837],{"class":9467},[66,85705,77],{"class":76},[66,85707,37732],{"class":957},[66,85709,132],{"class":37735},[66,85711,94],{"class":80},[66,85713,132],{"class":137},[66,85715,223],{"class":80},[66,85717,85],{"class":84},[66,85719,85603],{"class":88},[66,85721,85],{"class":84},[66,85723,218],{"class":80},[66,85725,85726,85728,85730,85733],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,85727,155],{"class":154},[66,85729,158],{"class":80},[66,85731,85732],{"class":137},"lowest",[66,85734,163],{"class":80},[20,85736,187],{},[57,85738,85740],{"className":59,"code":85739,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85741,85742],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85743,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85745,9569],{"class":80},[66,85747,202],{"class":84},[66,85749,89],{"class":88},[66,85751,202],{"class":84},[66,85753,94],{"class":80},[66,85755,211],{"class":84},[66,85757,36011],{"class":88},[66,85759,202],{"class":84},[66,85761,105],{"class":80},[66,85763,211],{"class":84},[66,85765,85603],{"class":88},[66,85767,202],{"class":84},[66,85769,94],{"class":80},[66,85771,85204],{"class":117},[66,85773,121],{"class":80},[20,85775,85776,85777,85780],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85778,85779],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[52,85782,1848,85784,85786],{"id":85783},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85785,83019],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85788,85789],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[57,85791,85793],{"className":59,"code":85792,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85794,85795,85803],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85796,85797,85799,85801],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85798,1706],{"class":72},[66,85800,77],{"class":76},[66,85802,8132],{"class":80},[66,85804,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85806,155],{"class":154},[66,85808,158],{"class":80},[66,85810,84743],{"class":154},[66,85812,158],{"class":80},[66,85814,1735],{"class":137},[66,85816,181],{"class":80},[20,85818,187],{},[57,85820,85822],{"className":59,"code":85821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85823,85824],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85825,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85827,40778],{"class":173},[66,85829,94],{"class":80},[66,85831,85694],{"class":154},[66,85833,7659],{"class":80},[66,85835,83989],{"class":72},[66,85837,12475],{"class":76},[66,85839,83994],{"class":72},[20,85841,85842,85843,94],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85844,83019],{},[57,85846,85848],{"className":59,"code":85847,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85849,85850,85858],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85851,85852,85854,85856],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85853,1706],{"class":72},[66,85855,77],{"class":76},[66,85857,8132],{"class":80},[66,85859,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870,85872,85874,85876,85878],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85861,155],{"class":154},[66,85863,158],{"class":80},[66,85865,84743],{"class":154},[66,85867,158],{"class":80},[66,85869,1735],{"class":137},[66,85871,105],{"class":80},[66,85873,26587],{"class":9467},[66,85875,77],{"class":76},[66,85877,4071],{"class":4146},[66,85879,181],{"class":80},[20,85881,187],{},[57,85883,85884],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,85885,85886],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85887,85888],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85889,12089],{"class":4146},[20,85891,85892],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85894,85895],{},"Remember:",[30,85897,85898,85906],{},[33,85899,85900,85902,85903,85905],{},[15,85901,83019],{}," works only when ",[15,85904,84318],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85907,85908,85909],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85910,85911],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85913,85914,85915,50],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[652,85916,65922],{"href":72961},[52,85918,11028],{"id":11027},[20,85920,56856,85921,50],{},[15,85922,84318],{},[1430,85924,85926,85927],{"id":85925},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85928,83019],{},[20,85930,3299,85931,94],{},[15,85932,40778],{},[57,85934,85936],{"className":59,"code":85935,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85937,85938,85946],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85939,85940,85942,85944],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85941,8073],{"class":72},[66,85943,77],{"class":76},[66,85945,8132],{"class":80},[66,85947,85948,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85949,155],{"class":154},[66,85951,158],{"class":80},[66,85953,84743],{"class":154},[66,85955,158],{"class":80},[66,85957,8103],{"class":137},[66,85959,181],{"class":80},[20,85961,85962],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85964,85965,85968],{},[33,85966,85967],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85969,85970,85971],{},"or using ",[15,85972,83019],{},[57,85974,85976],{"className":59,"code":85975,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85977,85978,85986],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,85979,85980,85982,85984],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,85981,8073],{"class":72},[66,85983,77],{"class":76},[66,85985,8132],{"class":80},[66,85987,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86009,86011],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,85989,155],{"class":154},[66,85991,158],{"class":80},[66,85993,84743],{"class":154},[66,85995,158],{"class":80},[66,85997,8103],{"class":137},[66,85999,105],{"class":80},[66,86001,26587],{"class":9467},[66,86003,77],{"class":76},[66,86005,85],{"class":84},[66,86007,86008],{"class":88},"no items",[66,86010,85],{"class":84},[66,86012,181],{"class":80},[1430,86014,86016],{"id":86015},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86018,86019],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[57,86021,86023],{"className":59,"code":86022,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86024,86025,86049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86026,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86028,472],{"class":72},[66,86030,77],{"class":76},[66,86032,1711],{"class":80},[66,86034,2628],{"class":117},[66,86036,105],{"class":80},[66,86038,97],{"class":84},[66,86040,16028],{"class":88},[66,86042,85],{"class":84},[66,86044,105],{"class":80},[66,86046,1231],{"class":117},[66,86048,240],{"class":80},[66,86050,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,86052,155],{"class":154},[66,86054,158],{"class":80},[66,86056,84743],{"class":154},[66,86058,158],{"class":80},[66,86060,535],{"class":137},[66,86062,181],{"class":80},[20,86064,187],{},[57,86066,86068],{"className":59,"code":86067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError\n",[15,86069,86070],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86071,86072],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86073,86067],{"class":173},[20,86075,86076],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86078,86079,86080,50],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86081,84318],{},[57,86083,86085],{"className":59,"code":86084,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86086,86087,86111,86137],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86088,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86090,472],{"class":72},[66,86092,77],{"class":76},[66,86094,1711],{"class":80},[66,86096,2628],{"class":117},[66,86098,105],{"class":80},[66,86100,97],{"class":84},[66,86102,16028],{"class":88},[66,86104,85],{"class":84},[66,86106,105],{"class":80},[66,86108,1231],{"class":117},[66,86110,240],{"class":80},[66,86112,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123,86125,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,86114,1706],{"class":72},[66,86116,77],{"class":76},[66,86118,1711],{"class":80},[66,86120,2486],{"class":173},[66,86122,158],{"class":80},[66,86124,2471],{"class":137},[66,86126,3954],{"class":80},[66,86128,4171],{"class":1060},[66,86130,4174],{"class":72},[66,86132,1067],{"class":1060},[66,86134,1920],{"class":72},[66,86136,240],{"class":80},[66,86138,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,86140,155],{"class":154},[66,86142,158],{"class":80},[66,86144,84743],{"class":154},[66,86146,158],{"class":80},[66,86148,1735],{"class":137},[66,86150,181],{"class":80},[20,86152,187],{},[57,86154,86155],{"className":59,"code":3245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,86156,86157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86158,86159],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86160,3245],{"class":117},[20,86162,86163,86164,50],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86165,3302],{},[1430,86167,86169],{"id":86168},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86171,86172],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[57,86174,86176],{"className":59,"code":86175,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86177,86178,86210],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86179,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86181,4363],{"class":72},[66,86183,77],{"class":76},[66,86185,1711],{"class":80},[66,86187,85],{"class":84},[66,86189,79643],{"class":88},[66,86191,85],{"class":84},[66,86193,105],{"class":80},[66,86195,97],{"class":84},[66,86197,57849],{"class":88},[66,86199,85],{"class":84},[66,86201,105],{"class":80},[66,86203,97],{"class":84},[66,86205,79660],{"class":88},[66,86207,85],{"class":84},[66,86209,240],{"class":80},[66,86211,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,86213,155],{"class":154},[66,86215,158],{"class":80},[66,86217,84743],{"class":154},[66,86219,158],{"class":80},[66,86221,4407],{"class":137},[66,86223,181],{"class":80},[20,86225,187],{},[57,86227,86228],{"className":59,"code":85439,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,86229,86230],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86231,86232],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86233,85439],{"class":72},[20,86235,86236],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[57,86238,86240],{"className":59,"code":86239,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86241,86242,86274],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86243,86244,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86245,4363],{"class":72},[66,86247,77],{"class":76},[66,86249,1711],{"class":80},[66,86251,85],{"class":84},[66,86253,79643],{"class":88},[66,86255,85],{"class":84},[66,86257,105],{"class":80},[66,86259,97],{"class":84},[66,86261,57849],{"class":88},[66,86263,85],{"class":84},[66,86265,105],{"class":80},[66,86267,97],{"class":84},[66,86269,79660],{"class":88},[66,86271,85],{"class":84},[66,86273,240],{"class":80},[66,86275,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,86277,155],{"class":154},[66,86279,158],{"class":80},[66,86281,84743],{"class":154},[66,86283,158],{"class":80},[66,86285,4407],{"class":137},[66,86287,105],{"class":80},[66,86289,21837],{"class":9467},[66,86291,77],{"class":76},[66,86293,3737],{"class":173},[66,86295,50],{"class":80},[66,86297,8933],{"class":784},[66,86299,181],{"class":80},[20,86301,187],{},[57,86303,86304],{"className":59,"code":85439,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,86305,86306],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86307,86308],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86309,85439],{"class":72},[20,86311,86312],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[52,86314,1154,86316],{"id":86315},"when-to-use-min",[15,86317,84318],{},[20,86319,243,86320,1161],{},[15,86321,84318],{},[30,86323,86324,86327,86332],{},[33,86325,86326],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,86328,86329,86330],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86331,1086],{},[33,86333,86334],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86336,243,86337,86341],{},[652,86338,86339],{"href":74604},[15,86340,74507],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86343,243,86344,86349],{},[652,86345,86347],{"href":86346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86348,82664],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[52,86351,1838],{"id":1837},[20,86353,84323],{},[30,86355,86356,86364,86367,86372,86379],{},[33,86357,86358,86359,86361,86362],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86360,84318],{}," without using ",[15,86363,83019],{},[33,86365,86366],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,86368,1433,86369,86371],{},[15,86370,84318],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,86373,5000,86374,86376,86377,85480],{},[15,86375,1086],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86378,84318],{},[33,86380,1848,86381,86383],{},[15,86382,83019],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86385,86386,86387,86389],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86388,84318],{},", these quick checks can help:",[57,86391,86393],{"className":59,"code":86392,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86394,86395,86409,86419,86433,86447,86469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86396,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86398,155],{"class":154},[66,86400,158],{"class":80},[66,86402,912],{"class":173},[66,86404,158],{"class":80},[66,86406,535],{"class":137},[66,86408,181],{"class":80},[66,86410,86411,86413,86415,86417],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,86412,155],{"class":154},[66,86414,158],{"class":80},[66,86416,535],{"class":137},[66,86418,163],{"class":80},[66,86420,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,86422,155],{"class":154},[66,86424,158],{"class":80},[66,86426,11445],{"class":154},[66,86428,158],{"class":80},[66,86430,535],{"class":137},[66,86432,181],{"class":80},[66,86434,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,86436,155],{"class":154},[66,86438,158],{"class":80},[66,86440,84743],{"class":154},[66,86442,158],{"class":80},[66,86444,535],{"class":137},[66,86446,181],{"class":80},[66,86448,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465,86467],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,86450,155],{"class":154},[66,86452,158],{"class":80},[66,86454,84743],{"class":154},[66,86456,158],{"class":80},[66,86458,535],{"class":137},[66,86460,105],{"class":80},[66,86462,26587],{"class":9467},[66,86464,77],{"class":76},[66,86466,4071],{"class":4146},[66,86468,181],{"class":80},[66,86470,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,86472,155],{"class":154},[66,86474,158],{"class":80},[66,86476,84743],{"class":154},[66,86478,158],{"class":80},[66,86480,4407],{"class":137},[66,86482,105],{"class":80},[66,86484,21837],{"class":9467},[66,86486,77],{"class":76},[66,86488,11445],{"class":154},[66,86490,181],{"class":80},[20,86492,86493,86494,86497,86498,86500],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86495,86496],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86499,535],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[52,86502,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,86504,5438,86506,2122],{"id":86505},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86507,84318],{},[20,86509,86510],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1430,86512,5465,86514,84499],{"id":86513},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86515,84318],{},[20,86517,86518],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1430,86520,71729],{"id":71728},[20,86522,86523,52574,86525,84511,86527,36693],{},[15,86524,84318],{},[15,86526,40778],{},[15,86528,83019],{},[1430,86530,5438,86532,86534,86535,2151],{"id":86531},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86533,1086],{}," do in ",[15,86536,84318],{},[20,86538,86539,86541,86542,86544],{},[15,86540,1086],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86543,83572],{}," compares strings by length.",[1430,86546,5475,86548,4688,86550,2151],{"id":86547},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86549,84318],{},[15,86551,74507],{},[20,86553,86554,86556,86557,86559],{},[15,86555,84318],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86558,74507],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[52,86561,2183],{"id":2182},[30,86563,86564,86570,86576,86582,86586,86590],{},[33,86565,86566],{},[652,86567,86568,3803],{"href":86346},[15,86569,82664],{},[33,86571,86572],{},[652,86573,86574,3803],{"href":74604},[15,86575,74507],{},[33,86577,86578],{},[652,86579,86580,3803],{"href":42433},[15,86581,42436],{},[33,86583,86584],{},[652,86585,79956],{"href":78459},[33,86587,86588],{},[652,86589,59037],{"href":59036},[33,86591,86592],{},[652,86593,65922],{"href":72961},[2222,86595,86596],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":86598},[86599,86600,86602,86608,86610,86612,86617,86619,86625,86627,86628,86639],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":84802,"depth":124,"text":86601},"What min() does",{"id":84823,"depth":124,"text":84824,"children":86603},[86604,86605,86606,86607],{"id":84908,"depth":144,"text":84911},{"id":84970,"depth":144,"text":84973},{"id":85020,"depth":144,"text":85023},{"id":85114,"depth":144,"text":85117},{"id":85176,"depth":124,"text":86609},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85311,"depth":124,"text":86611},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85458,"depth":124,"text":86613,"children":86614},"Using min() with a key function",[86615,86616],{"id":85486,"depth":144,"text":85487},{"id":85561,"depth":144,"text":85562},{"id":85783,"depth":124,"text":86618},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11027,"depth":124,"text":11028,"children":86620},[86621,86623,86624],{"id":85925,"depth":144,"text":86622},"Empty list without default",{"id":86015,"depth":144,"text":86016},{"id":86168,"depth":144,"text":86169},{"id":86315,"depth":124,"text":86626},"When to use min()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":86629},[86630,86632,86634,86635,86637],{"id":86505,"depth":144,"text":86631},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86513,"depth":144,"text":86633},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71728,"depth":144,"text":71729},{"id":86531,"depth":144,"text":86636},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86547,"depth":144,"text":86638},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84685,"description":86640},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86647,"title":86648,"body":86649,"description":88828,"extension":2260,"meta":88829,"navigation":147,"path":88830,"seo":88831,"stem":88832,"__hash__":88833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86650,"toc":88792},[86651,86654,86660,86666,86668,86749,86758,86762,86767,86769,86814,86816,86896,86902,86904,86907,86939,86941,86959,86961,87034,87036,87055,87059,87062,87098,87100,87167,87241,87314,87319,87323,87329,87332,87349,87352,87354,87415,87417,87437,87443,87447,87450,87520,87523,87542,87547,87623,87626,87630,87636,87640,87645,87715,87719,87724,87798,87802,87805,87880,87891,87895,87900,87990,87995,88063,88066,88085,88096,88100,88103,88108,88111,88173,88176,88187,88192,88195,88198,88203,88206,88209,88213,88216,88222,88225,88236,88238,88300,88315,88321,88324,88327,88338,88349,88355,88358,88360,88422,88432,88438,88443,88449,88453,88459,88462,88483,88485,88490,88517,88520,88547,88550,88589,88592,88630,88633,88694,88697,88699,88703,88706,88710,88716,88724,88732,88736,88739,88743,88749,88751,88789],[10,86652,86648],{"id":86653},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86655,86656,86659],{},[15,86657,86658],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86661,86662,86663,86665],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86664,86658],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[52,86667,55],{"id":54},[57,86669,86671],{"className":59,"code":86670,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86672,86673,86722,86738],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86674,86675,86678,86681,86683,86685,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86703,86705,86707,86710,86712,86714,86716,86720],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86676,86677],{"class":1060},"with",[66,86679,86680],{"class":154}," open",[66,86682,158],{"class":80},[66,86684,85],{"class":84},[66,86686,86687],{"class":88},"example.txt",[66,86689,85],{"class":84},[66,86691,105],{"class":80},[66,86693,97],{"class":84},[66,86695,60587],{"class":88},[66,86697,85],{"class":84},[66,86699,105],{"class":80},[66,86701,86702],{"class":9467}," encoding",[66,86704,77],{"class":76},[66,86706,85],{"class":84},[66,86708,86709],{"class":88},"utf-8",[66,86711,85],{"class":84},[66,86713,3954],{"class":80},[66,86715,47435],{"class":1060},[66,86717,86719],{"class":86718},"sMMDD"," file",[66,86721,1133],{"class":80},[66,86723,86724,86727,86729,86731,86733,86736],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,86725,86726],{"class":72},"    content ",[66,86728,77],{"class":76},[66,86730,86719],{"class":86718},[66,86732,50],{"class":80},[66,86734,86735],{"class":137},"read",[66,86737,141],{"class":80},[66,86739,86740,86742,86744,86747],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,86741,1081],{"class":154},[66,86743,158],{"class":80},[66,86745,86746],{"class":137},"content",[66,86748,163],{"class":80},[20,86750,243,86751,86753,86754,86757],{},[15,86752,86677],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86755,86756],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[52,86759,86761],{"id":86760},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86763,86764,86766],{},[15,86765,86658],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86768,261],{},[30,86770,86771,86774,86779,86784],{},[33,86772,86773],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86775,40980,86776,86778],{},[185,86777,4926],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86780,272,86781],{},[185,86782,86783],{},"file object",[33,86785,86786,86787],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86788,86789,86794,86799,86804,86809],{},[33,86790,86791],{},[15,86792,86793],{},"read()",[33,86795,86796],{},[15,86797,86798],{},"readline()",[33,86800,86801],{},[15,86802,86803],{},"readlines()",[33,86805,86806],{},[15,86807,86808],{},"write()",[33,86810,86811],{},[15,86812,86813],{},"close()",[20,86815,281],{},[57,86817,86819],{"className":59,"code":86818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86820,86821,86860,86875,86885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86822,86823,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856,86858],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86824,86825],{"class":86718},"file",[66,86827,368],{"class":76},[66,86829,86680],{"class":154},[66,86831,158],{"class":80},[66,86833,85],{"class":84},[66,86835,86687],{"class":88},[66,86837,85],{"class":84},[66,86839,105],{"class":80},[66,86841,97],{"class":84},[66,86843,60587],{"class":88},[66,86845,85],{"class":84},[66,86847,105],{"class":80},[66,86849,86702],{"class":9467},[66,86851,77],{"class":76},[66,86853,85],{"class":84},[66,86855,86709],{"class":88},[66,86857,85],{"class":84},[66,86859,163],{"class":80},[66,86861,86862,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,86863,86864],{"class":72},"content ",[66,86866,77],{"class":76},[66,86868,86719],{"class":86718},[66,86870,50],{"class":80},[66,86872,86735],{"class":137},[66,86874,141],{"class":80},[66,86876,86877,86879,86881,86883],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,86878,155],{"class":154},[66,86880,158],{"class":80},[66,86882,86746],{"class":137},[66,86884,163],{"class":80},[66,86886,86887,86889,86891,86894],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,86888,86825],{"class":86718},[66,86890,50],{"class":80},[66,86892,86893],{"class":137},"close",[66,86895,141],{"class":80},[20,86897,86898,86899,86901],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86900,86677],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[52,86903,2455],{"id":2454},[20,86905,86906],{},"A common form is:",[57,86908,86910],{"className":59,"code":86909,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86911,86912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86913,86914,86916,86918,86920,86922,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86915,42502],{"class":154},[66,86917,158],{"class":80},[66,86919,86825],{"class":86718},[66,86921,105],{"class":80},[66,86923,86924],{"class":137}," mode",[66,86926,105],{"class":80},[66,86928,86702],{"class":9467},[66,86930,77],{"class":76},[66,86932,85],{"class":84},[66,86934,86709],{"class":88},[66,86936,85],{"class":84},[66,86938,163],{"class":80},[20,86940,65128],{},[30,86942,86943,86948,86953],{},[33,86944,86945,86947],{},[15,86946,86825],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86949,86950,86952],{},[15,86951,21178],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86954,86955,86958],{},[15,86956,86957],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86960,281],{},[57,86962,86964],{"className":59,"code":86963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86965,86966,87009,87024],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,86967,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,86969,86677],{"class":1060},[66,86971,86680],{"class":154},[66,86973,158],{"class":80},[66,86975,85],{"class":84},[66,86977,86978],{"class":88},"notes.txt",[66,86980,85],{"class":84},[66,86982,105],{"class":80},[66,86984,97],{"class":84},[66,86986,60587],{"class":88},[66,86988,85],{"class":84},[66,86990,105],{"class":80},[66,86992,86702],{"class":9467},[66,86994,77],{"class":76},[66,86996,85],{"class":84},[66,86998,86709],{"class":88},[66,87000,85],{"class":84},[66,87002,3954],{"class":80},[66,87004,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87006,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87008,1133],{"class":80},[66,87010,87011,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87012,87013],{"class":72},"    text ",[66,87015,77],{"class":76},[66,87017,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87019,50],{"class":80},[66,87021,86735],{"class":137},[66,87023,141],{"class":80},[66,87025,87026,87028,87030,87032],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87027,1081],{"class":154},[66,87029,158],{"class":80},[66,87031,34777],{"class":137},[66,87033,163],{"class":80},[20,87035,20216],{},[30,87037,87038,87044,87049],{},[33,87039,87040,87043],{},[15,87041,87042],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,87045,87046,87048],{},[15,87047,86756],{}," means open for reading",[33,87050,87051,87054],{},[15,87052,87053],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[52,87056,87058],{"id":87057},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87060,87061],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,87063,87064,87069,87075,87080,87086,87092],{},[33,87065,87066,87068],{},[15,87067,86756],{}," = read a text file",[33,87070,87071,87074],{},[15,87072,87073],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,87076,87077,87079],{},[15,87078,18357],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,87081,87082,87085],{},[15,87083,87084],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,87087,87088,87091],{},[15,87089,87090],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,87093,87094,87097],{},[15,87095,87096],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87099,2422],{},[57,87101,87103],{"className":59,"code":87102,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87104,87105,87110,87153],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87106,87107],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87108,87109],{"class":1945},"# Read a text file\n",[66,87111,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87113,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87115,86680],{"class":154},[66,87117,158],{"class":80},[66,87119,85],{"class":84},[66,87121,87122],{"class":88},"data.txt",[66,87124,85],{"class":84},[66,87126,105],{"class":80},[66,87128,97],{"class":84},[66,87130,60587],{"class":88},[66,87132,85],{"class":84},[66,87134,105],{"class":80},[66,87136,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87138,77],{"class":76},[66,87140,85],{"class":84},[66,87142,86709],{"class":88},[66,87144,85],{"class":84},[66,87146,3954],{"class":80},[66,87148,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87150,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87152,1133],{"class":80},[66,87154,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87156,1081],{"class":154},[66,87158,158],{"class":80},[66,87160,86825],{"class":86718},[66,87162,50],{"class":80},[66,87164,86735],{"class":137},[66,87166,345],{"class":80},[57,87168,87170],{"className":59,"code":87169,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87171,87172,87177,87219],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87173,87174],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87175,87176],{"class":1945},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[66,87178,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87180,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87182,86680],{"class":154},[66,87184,158],{"class":80},[66,87186,85],{"class":84},[66,87188,87122],{"class":88},[66,87190,85],{"class":84},[66,87192,105],{"class":80},[66,87194,97],{"class":84},[66,87196,60570],{"class":88},[66,87198,85],{"class":84},[66,87200,105],{"class":80},[66,87202,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87204,77],{"class":76},[66,87206,85],{"class":84},[66,87208,86709],{"class":88},[66,87210,85],{"class":84},[66,87212,3954],{"class":80},[66,87214,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87216,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87218,1133],{"class":80},[66,87220,87221,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87237,87239],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87222,87223],{"class":86718},"    file",[66,87225,50],{"class":80},[66,87227,70278],{"class":137},[66,87229,158],{"class":80},[66,87231,85],{"class":84},[66,87233,34936],{"class":88},[66,87235,87236],{"class":34521},"\\n",[66,87238,85],{"class":84},[66,87240,163],{"class":80},[57,87242,87244],{"className":59,"code":87243,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87245,87246,87251,87293],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87247,87248],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87249,87250],{"class":1945},"# Append to a text file\n",[66,87252,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87254,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87256,86680],{"class":154},[66,87258,158],{"class":80},[66,87260,85],{"class":84},[66,87262,87122],{"class":88},[66,87264,85],{"class":84},[66,87266,105],{"class":80},[66,87268,97],{"class":84},[66,87270,652],{"class":88},[66,87272,85],{"class":84},[66,87274,105],{"class":80},[66,87276,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87278,77],{"class":76},[66,87280,85],{"class":84},[66,87282,86709],{"class":88},[66,87284,85],{"class":84},[66,87286,3954],{"class":80},[66,87288,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87290,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87292,1133],{"class":80},[66,87294,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87308,87310,87312],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87296,87223],{"class":86718},[66,87298,50],{"class":80},[66,87300,70278],{"class":137},[66,87302,158],{"class":80},[66,87304,85],{"class":84},[66,87306,87307],{"class":88},"Another line",[66,87309,87236],{"class":34521},[66,87311,85],{"class":84},[66,87313,163],{"class":80},[20,87315,69430,87316,87318],{},[15,87317,87073],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[52,87320,87322],{"id":87321},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87324,87325,638,87327,50],{},[15,87326,86658],{},[185,87328,86783],{},[20,87330,87331],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,87333,87334,87339,87344],{},[33,87335,87336],{},[15,87337,87338],{},"file.read()",[33,87340,87341],{},[15,87342,87343],{},"file.write()",[33,87345,87346],{},[15,87347,87348],{},"file.close()",[20,87350,87351],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87353,281],{},[57,87355,87357],{"className":59,"code":87356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87358,87359,87401],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87360,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87362,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87364,86680],{"class":154},[66,87366,158],{"class":80},[66,87368,85],{"class":84},[66,87370,86687],{"class":88},[66,87372,85],{"class":84},[66,87374,105],{"class":80},[66,87376,97],{"class":84},[66,87378,60587],{"class":88},[66,87380,85],{"class":84},[66,87382,105],{"class":80},[66,87384,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87386,77],{"class":76},[66,87388,85],{"class":84},[66,87390,86709],{"class":88},[66,87392,85],{"class":84},[66,87394,3954],{"class":80},[66,87396,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87398,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87400,1133],{"class":80},[66,87402,87403,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87404,1081],{"class":154},[66,87406,158],{"class":80},[66,87408,912],{"class":173},[66,87410,158],{"class":80},[66,87412,86825],{"class":86718},[66,87414,181],{"class":80},[20,87416,30095],{},[57,87418,87420],{"className":59,"code":87419,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87421,87422],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87423,87424,87426,87428,87430,87433,87435],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87425,954],{"class":76},[66,87427,958],{"class":957},[66,87429,211],{"class":84},[66,87431,87432],{"class":88},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[66,87434,202],{"class":84},[66,87436,967],{"class":76},[20,87438,87439,87440,87442],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87441,86658],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[52,87444,87446],{"id":87445},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87448,87449],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[57,87451,87452],{"className":59,"code":86670,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,87453,87454,87496,87510],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87455,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87457,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87459,86680],{"class":154},[66,87461,158],{"class":80},[66,87463,85],{"class":84},[66,87465,86687],{"class":88},[66,87467,85],{"class":84},[66,87469,105],{"class":80},[66,87471,97],{"class":84},[66,87473,60587],{"class":88},[66,87475,85],{"class":84},[66,87477,105],{"class":80},[66,87479,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87481,77],{"class":76},[66,87483,85],{"class":84},[66,87485,86709],{"class":88},[66,87487,85],{"class":84},[66,87489,3954],{"class":80},[66,87491,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87493,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87495,1133],{"class":80},[66,87497,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87499,86726],{"class":72},[66,87501,77],{"class":76},[66,87503,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87505,50],{"class":80},[66,87507,86735],{"class":137},[66,87509,141],{"class":80},[66,87511,87512,87514,87516,87518],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87513,1081],{"class":154},[66,87515,158],{"class":80},[66,87517,86746],{"class":137},[66,87519,163],{"class":80},[20,87521,87522],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87524,87525,87530,87536,87539],{},[33,87526,87527,87529],{},[15,87528,86677],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87531,87532,87533,87535],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87534,86813],{}," yourself",[33,87537,87538],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87540,87541],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87543,83835,87544,87546],{},[15,87545,86677],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[57,87548,87549],{"className":59,"code":86818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,87550,87551,87589,87603,87613],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87552,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87554,86825],{"class":86718},[66,87556,368],{"class":76},[66,87558,86680],{"class":154},[66,87560,158],{"class":80},[66,87562,85],{"class":84},[66,87564,86687],{"class":88},[66,87566,85],{"class":84},[66,87568,105],{"class":80},[66,87570,97],{"class":84},[66,87572,60587],{"class":88},[66,87574,85],{"class":84},[66,87576,105],{"class":80},[66,87578,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87580,77],{"class":76},[66,87582,85],{"class":84},[66,87584,86709],{"class":88},[66,87586,85],{"class":84},[66,87588,163],{"class":80},[66,87590,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87592,86864],{"class":72},[66,87594,77],{"class":76},[66,87596,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87598,50],{"class":80},[66,87600,86735],{"class":137},[66,87602,141],{"class":80},[66,87604,87605,87607,87609,87611],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87606,155],{"class":154},[66,87608,158],{"class":80},[66,87610,86746],{"class":137},[66,87612,163],{"class":80},[66,87614,87615,87617,87619,87621],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,87616,86825],{"class":86718},[66,87618,50],{"class":80},[66,87620,86893],{"class":137},[66,87622,141],{"class":80},[20,87624,87625],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[52,87627,87629],{"id":87628},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87631,87632,87633,87635],{},"Use mode ",[15,87634,86756],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1430,87637,87639],{"id":87638},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87641,87642,87644],{},[15,87643,86793],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[57,87646,87647],{"className":59,"code":86670,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,87648,87649,87691,87705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87650,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87652,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87654,86680],{"class":154},[66,87656,158],{"class":80},[66,87658,85],{"class":84},[66,87660,86687],{"class":88},[66,87662,85],{"class":84},[66,87664,105],{"class":80},[66,87666,97],{"class":84},[66,87668,60587],{"class":88},[66,87670,85],{"class":84},[66,87672,105],{"class":80},[66,87674,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87676,77],{"class":76},[66,87678,85],{"class":84},[66,87680,86709],{"class":88},[66,87682,85],{"class":84},[66,87684,3954],{"class":80},[66,87686,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87688,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87690,1133],{"class":80},[66,87692,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87694,86726],{"class":72},[66,87696,77],{"class":76},[66,87698,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87700,50],{"class":80},[66,87702,86735],{"class":137},[66,87704,141],{"class":80},[66,87706,87707,87709,87711,87713],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87708,1081],{"class":154},[66,87710,158],{"class":80},[66,87712,86746],{"class":137},[66,87714,163],{"class":80},[1430,87716,87718],{"id":87717},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87720,87721,87723],{},[15,87722,86798],{}," reads one line at a time.",[57,87725,87727],{"className":59,"code":87726,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87728,87729,87771,87787],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87730,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87732,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87734,86680],{"class":154},[66,87736,158],{"class":80},[66,87738,85],{"class":84},[66,87740,86687],{"class":88},[66,87742,85],{"class":84},[66,87744,105],{"class":80},[66,87746,97],{"class":84},[66,87748,60587],{"class":88},[66,87750,85],{"class":84},[66,87752,105],{"class":80},[66,87754,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87756,77],{"class":76},[66,87758,85],{"class":84},[66,87760,86709],{"class":88},[66,87762,85],{"class":84},[66,87764,3954],{"class":80},[66,87766,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87768,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87770,1133],{"class":80},[66,87772,87773,87776,87778,87780,87782,87785],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87774,87775],{"class":72},"    first_line ",[66,87777,77],{"class":76},[66,87779,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87781,50],{"class":80},[66,87783,87784],{"class":137},"readline",[66,87786,141],{"class":80},[66,87788,87789,87791,87793,87796],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87790,1081],{"class":154},[66,87792,158],{"class":80},[66,87794,87795],{"class":137},"first_line",[66,87797,163],{"class":80},[1430,87799,87801],{"id":87800},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87803,87804],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[57,87806,87808],{"className":59,"code":87807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87809,87810,87852,87866],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87811,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87813,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87815,86680],{"class":154},[66,87817,158],{"class":80},[66,87819,85],{"class":84},[66,87821,86687],{"class":88},[66,87823,85],{"class":84},[66,87825,105],{"class":80},[66,87827,97],{"class":84},[66,87829,60587],{"class":88},[66,87831,85],{"class":84},[66,87833,105],{"class":80},[66,87835,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87837,77],{"class":76},[66,87839,85],{"class":84},[66,87841,86709],{"class":88},[66,87843,85],{"class":84},[66,87845,3954],{"class":80},[66,87847,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87849,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87851,1133],{"class":80},[66,87853,87854,87857,87860,87862,87864],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87855,87856],{"class":1060},"    for",[66,87858,87859],{"class":72}," line ",[66,87861,1067],{"class":1060},[66,87863,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87865,1133],{"class":80},[66,87867,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87869,47415],{"class":154},[66,87871,158],{"class":80},[66,87873,68],{"class":137},[66,87875,50],{"class":80},[66,87877,8927],{"class":137},[66,87879,345],{"class":80},[20,87881,87882,87883,3176,87887,50],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[652,87884,87886],{"href":87885},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[652,87888,87890],{"href":87889},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[52,87892,87894],{"id":87893},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87896,243,87897,87899],{},[15,87898,87073],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[57,87901,87903],{"className":59,"code":87902,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87904,87905,87948,87969],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,87906,87907,87909,87911,87913,87915,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,87908,86677],{"class":1060},[66,87910,86680],{"class":154},[66,87912,158],{"class":80},[66,87914,85],{"class":84},[66,87916,87917],{"class":88},"output.txt",[66,87919,85],{"class":84},[66,87921,105],{"class":80},[66,87923,97],{"class":84},[66,87925,60570],{"class":88},[66,87927,85],{"class":84},[66,87929,105],{"class":80},[66,87931,86702],{"class":9467},[66,87933,77],{"class":76},[66,87935,85],{"class":84},[66,87937,86709],{"class":88},[66,87939,85],{"class":84},[66,87941,3954],{"class":80},[66,87943,47435],{"class":1060},[66,87945,86719],{"class":86718},[66,87947,1133],{"class":80},[66,87949,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87963,87965,87967],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,87951,87223],{"class":86718},[66,87953,50],{"class":80},[66,87955,70278],{"class":137},[66,87957,158],{"class":80},[66,87959,85],{"class":84},[66,87961,87962],{"class":88},"First line",[66,87964,87236],{"class":34521},[66,87966,85],{"class":84},[66,87968,163],{"class":80},[66,87970,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87984,87986,87988],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,87972,87223],{"class":86718},[66,87974,50],{"class":80},[66,87976,70278],{"class":137},[66,87978,158],{"class":80},[66,87980,85],{"class":84},[66,87982,87983],{"class":88},"Second line",[66,87985,87236],{"class":34521},[66,87987,85],{"class":84},[66,87989,163],{"class":80},[20,87991,243,87992,87994],{},[15,87993,18357],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[57,87996,87998],{"className":59,"code":87997,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87999,88000,88042],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88001,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88003,86677],{"class":1060},[66,88005,86680],{"class":154},[66,88007,158],{"class":80},[66,88009,85],{"class":84},[66,88011,87917],{"class":88},[66,88013,85],{"class":84},[66,88015,105],{"class":80},[66,88017,97],{"class":84},[66,88019,652],{"class":88},[66,88021,85],{"class":84},[66,88023,105],{"class":80},[66,88025,86702],{"class":9467},[66,88027,77],{"class":76},[66,88029,85],{"class":84},[66,88031,86709],{"class":88},[66,88033,85],{"class":84},[66,88035,3954],{"class":80},[66,88037,47435],{"class":1060},[66,88039,86719],{"class":86718},[66,88041,1133],{"class":80},[66,88043,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88057,88059,88061],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88045,87223],{"class":86718},[66,88047,50],{"class":80},[66,88049,70278],{"class":137},[66,88051,158],{"class":80},[66,88053,85],{"class":84},[66,88055,88056],{"class":88},"Third line",[66,88058,87236],{"class":34521},[66,88060,85],{"class":84},[66,88062,163],{"class":80},[20,88064,88065],{},"Important detail:",[30,88067,88068,88073,88080],{},[33,88069,88070,88072],{},[15,88071,86808],{}," writes a string",[33,88074,88075,14330,88077,88079],{},[15,88076,86808],{},[185,88078,4926],{}," add a newline for you",[33,88081,88082,88083,87535],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88084,87236],{},[20,88086,88087,88088,3176,88092,50],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[652,88089,88091],{"href":88090},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[652,88093,88095],{"href":88094},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[52,88097,88099],{"id":88098},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88101,88102],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1430,88104,88106],{"id":88105},"encodingutf-8",[15,88107,87053],{},[20,88109,88110],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[57,88112,88114],{"className":59,"code":88113,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88115,88116,88159],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88117,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126,88129,88131,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88119,86677],{"class":1060},[66,88121,86680],{"class":154},[66,88123,158],{"class":80},[66,88125,85],{"class":84},[66,88127,88128],{"class":88},"message.txt",[66,88130,85],{"class":84},[66,88132,105],{"class":80},[66,88134,97],{"class":84},[66,88136,60587],{"class":88},[66,88138,85],{"class":84},[66,88140,105],{"class":80},[66,88142,86702],{"class":9467},[66,88144,77],{"class":76},[66,88146,85],{"class":84},[66,88148,86709],{"class":88},[66,88150,85],{"class":84},[66,88152,3954],{"class":80},[66,88154,47435],{"class":1060},[66,88156,86719],{"class":86718},[66,88158,1133],{"class":80},[66,88160,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88162,1081],{"class":154},[66,88164,158],{"class":80},[66,88166,86825],{"class":86718},[66,88168,50],{"class":80},[66,88170,86735],{"class":137},[66,88172,345],{"class":80},[20,88174,88175],{},"Why it matters:",[30,88177,88178,88181,88184],{},[33,88179,88180],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,88182,88183],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,88185,88186],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1430,88188,88190],{"id":88189},"newline",[15,88191,88189],{},[20,88193,88194],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88196,88197],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1430,88199,88201],{"id":88200},"buffering",[15,88202,88200],{},[20,88204,88205],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88207,88208],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[52,88210,88212],{"id":88211},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88214,88215],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1430,88217,88219],{"id":88218},"filenotfounderror",[15,88220,88221],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88223,88224],{},"This happens when:",[30,88226,88227,88230,88233],{},[33,88228,88229],{},"the file does not exist",[33,88231,88232],{},"the path is wrong",[33,88234,88235],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88237,281],{},[57,88239,88241],{"className":59,"code":88240,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88242,88243,88286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88244,88245,88247,88249,88251,88253,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272,88274,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88246,86677],{"class":1060},[66,88248,86680],{"class":154},[66,88250,158],{"class":80},[66,88252,85],{"class":84},[66,88254,88255],{"class":88},"missing.txt",[66,88257,85],{"class":84},[66,88259,105],{"class":80},[66,88261,97],{"class":84},[66,88263,60587],{"class":88},[66,88265,85],{"class":84},[66,88267,105],{"class":80},[66,88269,86702],{"class":9467},[66,88271,77],{"class":76},[66,88273,85],{"class":84},[66,88275,86709],{"class":88},[66,88277,85],{"class":84},[66,88279,3954],{"class":80},[66,88281,47435],{"class":1060},[66,88283,86719],{"class":86718},[66,88285,1133],{"class":80},[66,88287,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88289,1081],{"class":154},[66,88291,158],{"class":80},[66,88293,86825],{"class":86718},[66,88295,50],{"class":80},[66,88297,86735],{"class":137},[66,88299,345],{"class":80},[20,88301,88302,88303,4688,88311,50],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[652,88304,88306,88307,88310],{"href":88305},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[66,88308,88309],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[652,88312,88314],{"href":88313},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1430,88316,88318],{"id":88317},"permissionerror",[15,88319,88320],{},"PermissionError",[20,88322,88323],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88325,88326],{},"Example causes:",[30,88328,88329,88332,88335],{},[33,88330,88331],{},"the file is protected",[33,88333,88334],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,88336,88337],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88339,88340,88341],{},"Related page: ",[652,88342,88344,88345,88348],{"href":88343},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[66,88346,88347],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1430,88350,88352],{"id":88351},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88353,88354],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88356,88357],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88359,281],{},[57,88361,88363],{"className":59,"code":88362,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88364,88365,88408],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88366,88367,88369,88371,88373,88375,88378,88380,88382,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88368,86677],{"class":1060},[66,88370,86680],{"class":154},[66,88372,158],{"class":80},[66,88374,85],{"class":84},[66,88376,88377],{"class":88},"my_folder",[66,88379,85],{"class":84},[66,88381,105],{"class":80},[66,88383,97],{"class":84},[66,88385,60587],{"class":88},[66,88387,85],{"class":84},[66,88389,105],{"class":80},[66,88391,86702],{"class":9467},[66,88393,77],{"class":76},[66,88395,85],{"class":84},[66,88397,86709],{"class":88},[66,88399,85],{"class":84},[66,88401,3954],{"class":80},[66,88403,47435],{"class":1060},[66,88405,86719],{"class":86718},[66,88407,1133],{"class":80},[66,88409,88410,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88411,1081],{"class":154},[66,88413,158],{"class":80},[66,88415,86825],{"class":86718},[66,88417,50],{"class":80},[66,88419,86735],{"class":137},[66,88421,345],{"class":80},[20,88423,88340,88424],{},[652,88425,88427,88428,88431],{"href":88426},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[66,88429,88430],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1430,88433,88435],{"id":88434},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88436,88437],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88439,88440,88441,50],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88442,86658],{},[20,88444,88340,88445],{},[652,88446,88448],{"href":88447},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[52,88450,88452],{"id":88451},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88454,88455,88456,88458],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88457,86658],{}," function.",[20,88460,88461],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88463,88464,88467,88470,88476],{},[33,88465,88466],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88468,88469],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88471,88472,88473,88475],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88474,86658],{}," itself",[33,88477,88478,88479],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[652,88480,88482],{"href":88481},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[52,88484,1838],{"id":1837},[20,88486,88487,88488,94],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88489,86658],{},[30,88491,88492,88497,88503,88508,88511,88514],{},[33,88493,1848,88494,88496],{},[15,88495,86756],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88498,88499,88500,88502],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88501,86957],{}," for text files",[33,88504,1848,88505,88507],{},[15,88506,87073],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88509,88510],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88512,88513],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88515,88516],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88518,88519],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[57,88521,88523],{"className":59,"code":88522,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88524,88525,88532],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88526,88527,88529],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88528,35160],{"class":1060},[66,88530,88531],{"class":72}," os\n",[66,88533,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542,88545],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88535,155],{"class":154},[66,88537,158],{"class":80},[66,88539,42701],{"class":137},[66,88541,50],{"class":80},[66,88543,88544],{"class":137},"getcwd",[66,88546,345],{"class":80},[20,88548,88549],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[57,88551,88553],{"className":59,"code":88552,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88554,88555,88561],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88556,88557,88559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88558,35160],{"class":1060},[66,88560,88531],{"class":72},[66,88562,88563,88565,88567,88569,88571,88574,88576,88579,88581,88583,88585,88587],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88564,155],{"class":154},[66,88566,158],{"class":80},[66,88568,42701],{"class":137},[66,88570,50],{"class":80},[66,88572,88573],{"class":784},"path",[66,88575,50],{"class":80},[66,88577,88578],{"class":137},"exists",[66,88580,158],{"class":80},[66,88582,85],{"class":84},[66,88584,86687],{"class":88},[66,88586,85],{"class":84},[66,88588,181],{"class":80},[20,88590,88591],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[57,88593,88595],{"className":59,"code":88594,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88596,88597,88603],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88598,88599,88601],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88600,35160],{"class":1060},[66,88602,88531],{"class":72},[66,88604,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615,88617,88620,88622,88624,88626,88628],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88606,155],{"class":154},[66,88608,158],{"class":80},[66,88610,42701],{"class":137},[66,88612,50],{"class":80},[66,88614,88573],{"class":784},[66,88616,50],{"class":80},[66,88618,88619],{"class":137},"isfile",[66,88621,158],{"class":80},[66,88623,85],{"class":84},[66,88625,86687],{"class":88},[66,88627,85],{"class":84},[66,88629,181],{"class":80},[20,88631,88632],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[57,88634,88636],{"className":59,"code":88635,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88637,88638,88680],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88639,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88641,86677],{"class":1060},[66,88643,86680],{"class":154},[66,88645,158],{"class":80},[66,88647,85],{"class":84},[66,88649,86687],{"class":88},[66,88651,85],{"class":84},[66,88653,105],{"class":80},[66,88655,97],{"class":84},[66,88657,60587],{"class":88},[66,88659,85],{"class":84},[66,88661,105],{"class":80},[66,88663,86702],{"class":9467},[66,88665,77],{"class":76},[66,88667,85],{"class":84},[66,88669,86709],{"class":88},[66,88671,85],{"class":84},[66,88673,3954],{"class":80},[66,88675,47435],{"class":1060},[66,88677,86719],{"class":86718},[66,88679,1133],{"class":80},[66,88681,88682,88684,88686,88688,88690,88692],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88683,1081],{"class":154},[66,88685,158],{"class":80},[66,88687,86825],{"class":86718},[66,88689,50],{"class":80},[66,88691,86735],{"class":137},[66,88693,345],{"class":80},[20,88695,88696],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[52,88698,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,88700,88702],{"id":88701},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88704,88705],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1430,88707,88709],{"id":88708},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88711,88712,88713,88715],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88714,86677],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1430,88717,5475,88719,4688,88721,88723],{"id":88718},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88720,87073],{},[15,88722,18357],{}," mode?",[20,88725,88726,88728,88729,88731],{},[15,88727,87073],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88730,18357],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1430,88733,88735],{"id":88734},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88737,88738],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1430,88740,88742],{"id":88741},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88744,88745,88746,88748],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88747,87053],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[52,88750,2183],{"id":2182},[30,88752,88753,88757,88761,88765,88769,88773,88777,88783],{},[33,88754,88755],{},[652,88756,87886],{"href":87885},[33,88758,88759],{},[652,88760,88091],{"href":88090},[33,88762,88763],{},[652,88764,88095],{"href":88094},[33,88766,88767],{},[652,88768,87890],{"href":87889},[33,88770,88771],{},[652,88772,88482],{"href":88481},[33,88774,88775],{},[652,88776,88314],{"href":88313},[33,88778,88779],{},[652,88780,88306,88781,88310],{"href":88305},[66,88782,88309],{},[33,88784,88785],{},[652,88786,88344,88787,88348],{"href":88343},[66,88788,88347],{},[2222,88790,88791],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":88793},[88794,88795,88796,88797,88798,88799,88800,88805,88806,88811,88817,88818,88819,88827],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":86760,"depth":124,"text":86761},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":87057,"depth":124,"text":87058},{"id":87321,"depth":124,"text":87322},{"id":87445,"depth":124,"text":87446},{"id":87628,"depth":124,"text":87629,"children":88801},[88802,88803,88804],{"id":87638,"depth":144,"text":87639},{"id":87717,"depth":144,"text":87718},{"id":87800,"depth":144,"text":87801},{"id":87893,"depth":124,"text":87894},{"id":88098,"depth":124,"text":88099,"children":88807},[88808,88809,88810],{"id":88105,"depth":144,"text":87053},{"id":88189,"depth":144,"text":88189},{"id":88200,"depth":144,"text":88200},{"id":88211,"depth":124,"text":88212,"children":88812},[88813,88814,88815,88816],{"id":88218,"depth":144,"text":88221},{"id":88317,"depth":144,"text":88320},{"id":88351,"depth":144,"text":88354},{"id":88434,"depth":144,"text":88437},{"id":88451,"depth":124,"text":88452},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":88820},[88821,88822,88823,88825,88826],{"id":88701,"depth":144,"text":88702},{"id":88708,"depth":144,"text":88709},{"id":88718,"depth":144,"text":88824},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88734,"depth":144,"text":88735},{"id":88741,"depth":144,"text":88742},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86648,"description":88828},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88835,"title":88836,"body":88837,"description":90832,"extension":2260,"meta":90833,"navigation":147,"path":90834,"seo":90835,"stem":90836,"__hash__":90837},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88838,"toc":90779},[88839,88844,88849,88855,88857,88925,88927,88946,88951,88956,88961,88964,88976,88978,89021,89023,89041,89052,89054,89056,89081,89083,89094,89096,89156,89158,89184,89187,89191,89196,89200,89203,89237,89241,89244,89269,89273,89296,89300,89333,89338,89342,89347,89350,89418,89420,89444,89449,89452,89483,89485,89517,89534,89538,89543,89567,89574,89579,89584,89587,89591,89626,89628,89637,89641,89732,89734,89765,89770,89777,89782,89791,89794,89828,89830,89844,89848,89889,89891,89900,89904,89952,89954,89968,89973,89984,89991,89997,89999,90034,90036,90050,90053,90075,90081,90110,90121,90127,90133,90147,90149,90228,90230,90280,90287,90289,90294,90298,90301,90316,90321,90323,90342,90348,90351,90366,90368,90386,90392,90397,90427,90430,90453,90456,90483,90490,90496,90504,90527,90532,90540,90542,90562,90566,90572,90622,90625,90647,90649,90655,90663,90669,90675,90683,90688,90692,90695,90718,90723,90730,90742,90744,90776],[10,88840,3870,88842,3874],{"id":88841},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88843,46529],{},[20,88845,32384,88846,88848],{},[15,88847,46529],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88850,88851,88852,88854],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88853,46529],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[52,88856,55],{"id":54},[57,88858,88860],{"className":59,"code":88859,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88861,88862,88874,88883,88887,88897,88907],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88863,88864,88866,88868,88870,88872],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88865,8170],{"class":72},[66,88867,77],{"class":76},[66,88869,97],{"class":84},[66,88871,8215],{"class":88},[66,88873,376],{"class":84},[66,88875,88876,88878,88880],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88877,21885],{"class":72},[66,88879,77],{"class":76},[66,88881,88882],{"class":117}," 12\n",[66,88884,88885],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,88886,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,88888,88889,88891,88893,88895],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,88890,155],{"class":154},[66,88892,158],{"class":80},[66,88894,89],{"class":137},[66,88896,163],{"class":80},[66,88898,88899,88901,88903,88905],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,88900,155],{"class":154},[66,88902,158],{"class":80},[66,88904,110],{"class":137},[66,88906,163],{"class":80},[66,88908,88909,88911,88913,88915,88917,88919,88921,88923],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,88910,155],{"class":154},[66,88912,158],{"class":80},[66,88914,85],{"class":84},[66,88916,34936],{"class":88},[66,88918,85],{"class":84},[66,88920,105],{"class":80},[66,88922,36062],{"class":137},[66,88924,163],{"class":80},[20,88926,187],{},[57,88928,88930],{"className":59,"code":88929,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88931,88932,88937,88941],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88933,88934],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88935,88936],{"class":72},"Mia\n",[66,88938,88939],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,88940,2523],{"class":117},[66,88942,88943],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,88944,88945],{"class":72},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88947,243,88948,88950],{},[15,88949,46529],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[52,88952,250,88954,253],{"id":88953},"what-print-does",[15,88955,46529],{},[20,88957,88958,88960],{},[15,88959,46529],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88962,88963],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88965,88966,88968,88970,88973],{},[33,88967,34777],{},[33,88969,1735],{},[33,88971,88972],{},"variables",[33,88974,88975],{},"expressions",[20,88977,281],{},[57,88979,88981],{"className":59,"code":88980,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88982,88983,88997,89007],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,88984,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,88986,155],{"class":154},[66,88988,158],{"class":80},[66,88990,85],{"class":84},[66,88992,34936],{"class":88},[66,88994,85],{"class":84},[66,88996,163],{"class":80},[66,88998,88999,89001,89003,89005],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89000,155],{"class":154},[66,89002,158],{"class":80},[66,89004,2433],{"class":117},[66,89006,163],{"class":80},[66,89008,89009,89011,89013,89015,89017,89019],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,89010,155],{"class":154},[66,89012,158],{"class":80},[66,89014,2354],{"class":117},[66,89016,2752],{"class":76},[66,89018,1724],{"class":117},[66,89020,163],{"class":80},[20,89022,187],{},[57,89024,89026],{"className":59,"code":89025,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89027,89028,89033,89037],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89029,89030],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89031,89032],{"class":72},"Hello\n",[66,89034,89035],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89036,3245],{"class":117},[66,89038,89039],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,89040,3245],{"class":117},[20,89042,89043,89044,89046,89047,89051],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89045,46529],{}," ",[185,89048,3984,89049],{},[15,89050,4071],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[52,89053,2455],{"id":2454},[20,89055,30791],{},[57,89057,89059],{"className":59,"code":89058,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89060,89061],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89062,89063,89065,89067,89070,89072,89075,89077,89079],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89064,155],{"class":154},[66,89066,158],{"class":80},[66,89068,89069],{"class":137},"object1",[66,89071,105],{"class":80},[66,89073,89074],{"class":137}," object2",[66,89076,105],{"class":80},[66,89078,34522],{"class":154},[66,89080,163],{"class":80},[20,89082,80286],{},[30,89084,89085,89088,89091],{},[33,89086,89087],{},"one value",[33,89089,89090],{},"many values",[33,89092,89093],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89095,281],{},[57,89097,89099],{"className":59,"code":89098,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89100,89101,89115,89134],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89102,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89104,155],{"class":154},[66,89106,158],{"class":80},[66,89108,85],{"class":84},[66,89110,57849],{"class":88},[66,89112,85],{"class":84},[66,89114,163],{"class":80},[66,89116,89117,89119,89121,89123,89126,89128,89130,89132],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89118,155],{"class":154},[66,89120,158],{"class":80},[66,89122,85],{"class":84},[66,89124,89125],{"class":88},"Score:",[66,89127,85],{"class":84},[66,89129,105],{"class":80},[66,89131,6297],{"class":117},[66,89133,163],{"class":80},[66,89135,89136,89138,89140,89142,89144,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,89137,155],{"class":154},[66,89139,158],{"class":80},[66,89141,85],{"class":84},[66,89143,45640],{"class":88},[66,89145,85],{"class":84},[66,89147,105],{"class":80},[66,89149,2755],{"class":117},[66,89151,2752],{"class":76},[66,89153,37716],{"class":117},[66,89155,163],{"class":80},[20,89157,187],{},[57,89159,89161],{"className":59,"code":89160,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89162,89163,89167,89176],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89164,89165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89166,85439],{"class":72},[66,89168,89169,89172,89174],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89170,89171],{"class":72},"Score",[66,89173,94],{"class":80},[66,89175,2886],{"class":117},[66,89177,89178,89180,89182],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,89179,45680],{"class":72},[66,89181,94],{"class":80},[66,89183,2886],{"class":117},[20,89185,89186],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[52,89188,89190],{"id":89189},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89192,89193,89194,50],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89195,46529],{},[1430,89197,89199],{"id":89198},"print-text","Print text",[20,89201,89202],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[57,89204,89206],{"className":59,"code":89205,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89207,89208,89222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89209,89210,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89211,155],{"class":154},[66,89213,158],{"class":80},[66,89215,85],{"class":84},[66,89217,34936],{"class":88},[66,89219,85],{"class":84},[66,89221,163],{"class":80},[66,89223,89224,89226,89228,89230,89233,89235],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89225,155],{"class":154},[66,89227,158],{"class":80},[66,89229,85],{"class":84},[66,89231,89232],{"class":88},"Python is fun",[66,89234,85],{"class":84},[66,89236,163],{"class":80},[1430,89238,89240],{"id":89239},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89242,89243],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[57,89245,89247],{"className":59,"code":89246,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89248,89249,89259],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89250,89251,89253,89255,89257],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89252,155],{"class":154},[66,89254,158],{"class":80},[66,89256,2433],{"class":117},[66,89258,163],{"class":80},[66,89260,89261,89263,89265,89267],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89262,155],{"class":154},[66,89264,158],{"class":80},[66,89266,40217],{"class":117},[66,89268,163],{"class":80},[1430,89270,89272],{"id":89271},"print-variables","Print variables",[57,89274,89276],{"className":59,"code":89275,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89277,89278,89286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89279,89280,89282,89284],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89281,5391],{"class":72},[66,89283,77],{"class":76},[66,89285,14407],{"class":117},[66,89287,89288,89290,89292,89294],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89289,155],{"class":154},[66,89291,158],{"class":80},[66,89293,85603],{"class":137},[66,89295,163],{"class":80},[1430,89297,89299],{"id":89298},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[57,89301,89303],{"className":59,"code":89302,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89304,89305,89319],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89306,89307,89309,89311,89313,89315,89317],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89308,155],{"class":154},[66,89310,158],{"class":80},[66,89312,2354],{"class":117},[66,89314,2752],{"class":76},[66,89316,1724],{"class":117},[66,89318,163],{"class":80},[66,89320,89321,89323,89325,89327,89329,89331],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89322,155],{"class":154},[66,89324,158],{"class":80},[66,89326,2628],{"class":117},[66,89328,82915],{"class":76},[66,89330,2755],{"class":117},[66,89332,163],{"class":80},[20,89334,89335,89336,50],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[652,89337,51055],{"href":51054},[52,89339,89341],{"id":89340},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89343,89344,89346],{},[15,89345,46529],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89348,89349],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[57,89351,89353],{"className":59,"code":89352,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89354,89355,89368,89376,89380,89399],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89356,89357,89359,89361,89363,89366],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89358,8170],{"class":72},[66,89360,77],{"class":76},[66,89362,97],{"class":84},[66,89364,89365],{"class":88},"Ava",[66,89367,376],{"class":84},[66,89369,89370,89372,89374],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89371,21885],{"class":72},[66,89373,77],{"class":76},[66,89375,2886],{"class":117},[66,89377,89378],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,89379,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,89381,89382,89384,89386,89388,89391,89393,89395,89397],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,89383,155],{"class":154},[66,89385,158],{"class":80},[66,89387,85],{"class":84},[66,89389,89390],{"class":88},"Name:",[66,89392,85],{"class":84},[66,89394,105],{"class":80},[66,89396,36062],{"class":137},[66,89398,163],{"class":80},[66,89400,89401,89403,89405,89407,89410,89412,89414,89416],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,89402,155],{"class":154},[66,89404,158],{"class":80},[66,89406,85],{"class":84},[66,89408,89409],{"class":88},"Age:",[66,89411,85],{"class":84},[66,89413,105],{"class":80},[66,89415,9480],{"class":137},[66,89417,163],{"class":80},[20,89419,187],{},[57,89421,89423],{"className":59,"code":89422,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89424,89425,89435],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89426,89427,89430,89432],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89428,89429],{"class":72},"Name",[66,89431,94],{"class":80},[66,89433,89434],{"class":72}," Ava\n",[66,89436,89437,89440,89442],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89438,89439],{"class":72},"Age",[66,89441,94],{"class":80},[66,89443,2886],{"class":117},[20,89445,89446,89447,50],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89448,2357],{},[20,89450,89451],{},"For example, this works:",[57,89453,89455],{"className":59,"code":89454,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89456,89457,89465],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89458,89459,89461,89463],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89460,21885],{"class":72},[66,89462,77],{"class":76},[66,89464,2886],{"class":117},[66,89466,89467,89469,89471,89473,89475,89477,89479,89481],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89468,155],{"class":154},[66,89470,158],{"class":80},[66,89472,85],{"class":84},[66,89474,89409],{"class":88},[66,89476,85],{"class":84},[66,89478,105],{"class":80},[66,89480,9480],{"class":137},[66,89482,163],{"class":80},[20,89484,36998],{},[57,89486,89488],{"className":59,"code":89487,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89489,89490,89498],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89491,89492,89494,89496],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89493,21885],{"class":72},[66,89495,77],{"class":76},[66,89497,2886],{"class":117},[66,89499,89500,89502,89504,89506,89509,89511,89513,89515],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89501,155],{"class":154},[66,89503,158],{"class":80},[66,89505,85],{"class":84},[66,89507,89508],{"class":88},"Age: ",[66,89510,85],{"class":84},[66,89512,2752],{"class":76},[66,89514,9480],{"class":137},[66,89516,163],{"class":80},[20,89518,89519,89520,89523,89524,89526,89527,89529,89530,50],{},"That fails because ",[15,89521,89522],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89525,110],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89528,2357],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[652,89531,89532],{"href":42250},[15,89533,47761],{},[52,89535,89537],{"id":89536},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89539,89540,89542],{},[15,89541,46529],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89544,89545,89551,89556,89561],{},[33,89546,89547,89550],{},[15,89548,89549],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89552,89553,89555],{},[15,89554,52740],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89557,89558,89560],{},[15,89559,86825],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89562,89563,89566],{},[15,89564,89565],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89568,89569,89570,4688,89572,50],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89571,89549],{},[15,89573,52740],{},[52,89575,89577,36687],{"id":89576},"sep-argument",[15,89578,89549],{},[20,89580,2277,89581,89583],{},[15,89582,89549],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89585,89586],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1430,89588,89590],{"id":89589},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[57,89592,89594],{"className":59,"code":89593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89595,89596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89597,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89599,155],{"class":154},[66,89601,158],{"class":80},[66,89603,85],{"class":84},[66,89605,13373],{"class":88},[66,89607,85],{"class":84},[66,89609,105],{"class":80},[66,89611,97],{"class":84},[66,89613,17716],{"class":88},[66,89615,85],{"class":84},[66,89617,105],{"class":80},[66,89619,97],{"class":84},[66,89621,13390],{"class":88},[66,89623,85],{"class":84},[66,89625,163],{"class":80},[20,89627,187],{},[57,89629,89631],{"className":59,"code":89630,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red green blue\n",[15,89632,89633],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89634,89635],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89636,89630],{"class":72},[1430,89638,89640],{"id":89639},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[57,89642,89644],{"className":59,"code":89643,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89645,89646,89689],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89647,89648,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89649,155],{"class":154},[66,89651,158],{"class":80},[66,89653,85],{"class":84},[66,89655,13373],{"class":88},[66,89657,85],{"class":84},[66,89659,105],{"class":80},[66,89661,97],{"class":84},[66,89663,17716],{"class":88},[66,89665,85],{"class":84},[66,89667,105],{"class":80},[66,89669,97],{"class":84},[66,89671,13390],{"class":88},[66,89673,85],{"class":84},[66,89675,105],{"class":80},[66,89677,89678],{"class":9467}," sep",[66,89680,77],{"class":76},[66,89682,85],{"class":84},[66,89684,105],{"class":88},[66,89686,85],{"class":84},[66,89688,163],{"class":80},[66,89690,89691,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89728,89730],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89692,155],{"class":154},[66,89694,158],{"class":80},[66,89696,85],{"class":84},[66,89698,13373],{"class":88},[66,89700,85],{"class":84},[66,89702,105],{"class":80},[66,89704,97],{"class":84},[66,89706,17716],{"class":88},[66,89708,85],{"class":84},[66,89710,105],{"class":80},[66,89712,97],{"class":84},[66,89714,13390],{"class":88},[66,89716,85],{"class":84},[66,89718,105],{"class":80},[66,89720,89678],{"class":9467},[66,89722,77],{"class":76},[66,89724,85],{"class":84},[66,89726,89727],{"class":88}," - ",[66,89729,85],{"class":84},[66,89731,163],{"class":80},[20,89733,187],{},[57,89735,89737],{"className":59,"code":89736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89738,89739,89751],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89740,89741,89743,89745,89747,89749],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89742,13373],{"class":72},[66,89744,105],{"class":80},[66,89746,17716],{"class":72},[66,89748,105],{"class":80},[66,89750,70064],{"class":72},[66,89752,89753,89756,89758,89761,89763],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89754,89755],{"class":72},"red ",[66,89757,2319],{"class":76},[66,89759,89760],{"class":72}," green ",[66,89762,2319],{"class":76},[66,89764,35951],{"class":72},[20,89766,89767,89769],{},[15,89768,89549],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89771,89772,89773,50],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[652,89774,89776],{"href":89775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[52,89778,89780,36687],{"id":89779},"end-argument",[15,89781,52740],{},[20,89783,89784,89785,89787,89788,89790],{},"By default, ",[15,89786,46529],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89789,46529],{}," starts on a new line.",[1430,89792,89590],{"id":89793},"default-behavior-1",[57,89795,89797],{"className":59,"code":89796,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89798,89799,89813],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89800,89801,89803,89805,89807,89809,89811],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89802,155],{"class":154},[66,89804,158],{"class":80},[66,89806,85],{"class":84},[66,89808,34936],{"class":88},[66,89810,85],{"class":84},[66,89812,163],{"class":80},[66,89814,89815,89817,89819,89821,89824,89826],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89816,155],{"class":154},[66,89818,158],{"class":80},[66,89820,85],{"class":84},[66,89822,89823],{"class":88},"World",[66,89825,85],{"class":84},[66,89827,163],{"class":80},[20,89829,187],{},[57,89831,89833],{"className":59,"code":89832,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89834,89835,89839],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89836,89837],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89838,89032],{"class":72},[66,89840,89841],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89842,89843],{"class":72},"World\n",[1430,89845,89847],{"id":89846},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[57,89849,89851],{"className":59,"code":89850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89852,89853,89875],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89854,89855,89857,89859,89861,89863,89865,89867,89869,89871,89873],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89856,155],{"class":154},[66,89858,158],{"class":80},[66,89860,85],{"class":84},[66,89862,34936],{"class":88},[66,89864,85],{"class":84},[66,89866,105],{"class":80},[66,89868,65123],{"class":9467},[66,89870,77],{"class":76},[66,89872,6565],{"class":84},[66,89874,163],{"class":80},[66,89876,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885,89887],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89878,155],{"class":154},[66,89880,158],{"class":80},[66,89882,85],{"class":84},[66,89884,89823],{"class":88},[66,89886,85],{"class":84},[66,89888,163],{"class":80},[20,89890,187],{},[57,89892,89894],{"className":59,"code":89893,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89895,89896],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89897,89898],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89899,89893],{"class":72},[1430,89901,89903],{"id":89902},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[57,89905,89907],{"className":59,"code":89906,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89908,89909,89938],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89910,89911,89913,89915,89917,89919,89921,89923,89925,89927,89929,89932,89934,89936],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89912,155],{"class":154},[66,89914,158],{"class":80},[66,89916,85],{"class":84},[66,89918,34936],{"class":88},[66,89920,85],{"class":84},[66,89922,105],{"class":80},[66,89924,65123],{"class":9467},[66,89926,77],{"class":76},[66,89928,85],{"class":84},[66,89930,89931],{"class":88},"!",[66,89933,87236],{"class":34521},[66,89935,85],{"class":84},[66,89937,163],{"class":80},[66,89939,89940,89942,89944,89946,89948,89950],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89941,155],{"class":154},[66,89943,158],{"class":80},[66,89945,85],{"class":84},[66,89947,89823],{"class":88},[66,89949,85],{"class":84},[66,89951,163],{"class":80},[20,89953,187],{},[57,89955,89957],{"className":59,"code":89956,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89958,89959,89964],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,89960,89961],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,89962,89963],{"class":72},"Hello!\n",[66,89965,89966],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,89967,89843],{"class":72},[20,89969,2277,89970,89972],{},[15,89971,52740],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89974,89975,89978,89981],{},[33,89976,89977],{},"progress messages",[33,89979,89980],{},"inline output",[33,89982,89983],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[52,89985,89987,2695,89989],{"id":89986},"print-returns-none",[15,89988,46529],{},[15,89990,4071],{},[20,89992,89993,89994,89996],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89995,46529],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89998,281],{},[57,90000,90002],{"className":59,"code":90001,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90003,90004,90024],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90005,90006,90008,90010,90013,90015,90017,90020,90022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90007,877],{"class":72},[66,90009,77],{"class":76},[66,90011,90012],{"class":154}," print",[66,90014,158],{"class":80},[66,90016,85],{"class":84},[66,90018,90019],{"class":88},"Hi",[66,90021,85],{"class":84},[66,90023,163],{"class":80},[66,90025,90026,90028,90030,90032],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,90027,155],{"class":154},[66,90029,158],{"class":80},[66,90031,901],{"class":137},[66,90033,163],{"class":80},[20,90035,187],{},[57,90037,90039],{"className":59,"code":90038,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90040,90041,90046],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90042,90043],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90044,90045],{"class":72},"Hi\n",[66,90047,90048],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,90049,12089],{"class":4146},[20,90051,90052],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,90054,90055,90063,90068],{},[33,90056,90057,90060,90061],{},[15,90058,90059],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90062,90019],{},[33,90064,90065,90066],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90067,4071],{},[33,90069,90070,90071,12201,90073],{},"so ",[15,90072,901],{},[15,90074,4071],{},[20,90076,90077,90078,90080],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90079,46529],{}," call.",[57,90082,90084],{"className":59,"code":90083,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90085,90086,90099],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90087,90088,90091,90093,90095,90097],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90089,90090],{"class":72},"message ",[66,90092,77],{"class":76},[66,90094,97],{"class":84},[66,90096,90019],{"class":88},[66,90098,376],{"class":84},[66,90100,90101,90103,90105,90108],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,90102,155],{"class":154},[66,90104,158],{"class":80},[66,90106,90107],{"class":137},"message",[66,90109,163],{"class":80},[20,90111,90112,90113,90115,90116,90120],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90114,46529],{}," with functions like ",[652,90117,90118],{"href":8512},[15,90119,3256],{},", which do return a value.",[52,90122,90124,90125],{"id":90123},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90126,46529],{},[20,90128,90129,90130,90132],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90131,46529],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,90134,90135,90138,90141,90144],{},[33,90136,90137],{},"to display results to the user",[33,90139,90140],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,90142,90143],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,90145,90146],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90148,281],{},[57,90150,90152],{"className":59,"code":90151,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90153,90154,90162,90166,90186,90197],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90155,90156,90158,90160],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90157,41257],{"class":72},[66,90159,77],{"class":76},[66,90161,38586],{"class":117},[66,90163,90164],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,90165,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,90167,90168,90170,90172,90174,90176,90178,90180,90182,90184],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,90169,1061],{"class":1060},[66,90171,6679],{"class":72},[66,90173,1067],{"class":1060},[66,90175,54150],{"class":154},[66,90177,158],{"class":80},[66,90179,1714],{"class":117},[66,90181,105],{"class":80},[66,90183,2755],{"class":117},[66,90185,8635],{"class":80},[66,90187,90188,90191,90194],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,90189,90190],{"class":72},"    total ",[66,90192,90193],{"class":76},"+=",[66,90195,90196],{"class":72}," number\n",[66,90198,90199,90201,90203,90205,90208,90210,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220,90222,90224,90226],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,90200,1081],{"class":154},[66,90202,158],{"class":80},[66,90204,85],{"class":84},[66,90206,90207],{"class":88},"Current number:",[66,90209,85],{"class":84},[66,90211,105],{"class":80},[66,90213,2495],{"class":137},[66,90215,105],{"class":80},[66,90217,97],{"class":84},[66,90219,45640],{"class":88},[66,90221,85],{"class":84},[66,90223,105],{"class":80},[66,90225,45647],{"class":137},[66,90227,163],{"class":80},[20,90229,187],{},[57,90231,90233],{"className":59,"code":90232,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90234,90235,90251,90265],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90236,90237,90240,90242,90244,90247,90249],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90238,90239],{"class":72},"Current number",[66,90241,94],{"class":80},[66,90243,1896],{"class":117},[66,90245,90246],{"class":72}," Total",[66,90248,94],{"class":80},[66,90250,29680],{"class":117},[66,90252,90253,90255,90257,90259,90261,90263],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,90254,90239],{"class":72},[66,90256,94],{"class":80},[66,90258,1719],{"class":117},[66,90260,90246],{"class":72},[66,90262,94],{"class":80},[66,90264,2876],{"class":117},[66,90266,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,90268,90239],{"class":72},[66,90270,94],{"class":80},[66,90272,1724],{"class":117},[66,90274,90246],{"class":72},[66,90276,94],{"class":80},[66,90278,90279],{"class":117}," 6\n",[20,90281,90282,90283,50],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[652,90284,90286],{"href":90285},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[52,90288,1838],{"id":1837},[20,90290,90291,90292,50],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90293,46529],{},[1430,90295,90297],{"id":90296},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90299,90300],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[57,90302,90304],{"className":59,"code":90303,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90305,90306],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90307,90308,90310,90312,90314],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90309,155],{"class":154},[66,90311,158],{"class":80},[66,90313,34936],{"class":137},[66,90315,163],{"class":80},[20,90317,9168,90318,90320],{},[15,90319,34936],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90322,11091],{},[57,90324,90326],{"className":59,"code":90325,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90327,90328],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90329,90330,90332,90334,90336,90338,90340],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90331,155],{"class":154},[66,90333,158],{"class":80},[66,90335,85],{"class":84},[66,90337,34936],{"class":88},[66,90339,85],{"class":84},[66,90341,163],{"class":80},[1430,90343,1848,90345,90347],{"id":90344},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90346,155],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90349,90350],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[57,90352,90354],{"className":59,"code":90353,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90355,90356],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90357,90358,90360,90362,90364],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90359,155],{"class":154},[66,90361,97],{"class":84},[66,90363,34936],{"class":88},[66,90365,376],{"class":84},[20,90367,11091],{},[57,90369,90370],{"className":59,"code":90325,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,90371,90372],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90373,90374,90376,90378,90380,90382,90384],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90375,155],{"class":154},[66,90377,158],{"class":80},[66,90379,85],{"class":84},[66,90381,34936],{"class":88},[66,90383,85],{"class":84},[66,90385,163],{"class":80},[1430,90387,90389,90390],{"id":90388},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90391,2357],{},[20,90393,90394,90395,50],{},"This causes a ",[15,90396,3302],{},[57,90398,90399],{"className":59,"code":89487,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,90400,90401,90409],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90402,90403,90405,90407],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90404,21885],{"class":72},[66,90406,77],{"class":76},[66,90408,2886],{"class":117},[66,90410,90411,90413,90415,90417,90419,90421,90423,90425],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,90412,155],{"class":154},[66,90414,158],{"class":80},[66,90416,85],{"class":84},[66,90418,89508],{"class":88},[66,90420,85],{"class":84},[66,90422,2752],{"class":76},[66,90424,9480],{"class":137},[66,90426,163],{"class":80},[20,90428,90429],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[57,90431,90433],{"className":59,"code":90432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90434,90435],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90436,90437,90439,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90438,155],{"class":154},[66,90440,158],{"class":80},[66,90442,85],{"class":84},[66,90444,89409],{"class":88},[66,90446,85],{"class":84},[66,90448,105],{"class":80},[66,90450,9480],{"class":137},[66,90452,163],{"class":80},[20,90454,90455],{},"Or convert the number first:",[57,90457,90459],{"className":59,"code":90458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90460,90461],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90462,90463,90465,90467,90469,90471,90473,90475,90477,90479,90481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90464,155],{"class":154},[66,90466,158],{"class":80},[66,90468,85],{"class":84},[66,90470,89508],{"class":88},[66,90472,85],{"class":84},[66,90474,2752],{"class":76},[66,90476,48982],{"class":173},[66,90478,158],{"class":80},[66,90480,110],{"class":137},[66,90482,181],{"class":80},[20,90484,90485,90486,50],{},"If you see this error, read ",[652,90487,90489],{"href":90488},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1430,90491,1433,90493,90495],{"id":90492},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90494,46529],{}," to return a value",[20,90497,90498,90499,35399,90502,94],{},"This does not store ",[15,90500,90501],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90503,901],{},[57,90505,90507],{"className":59,"code":90506,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90508,90509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90510,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523,90525],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90512,877],{"class":72},[66,90514,77],{"class":76},[66,90516,90012],{"class":154},[66,90518,158],{"class":80},[66,90520,85],{"class":84},[66,90522,34936],{"class":88},[66,90524,85],{"class":84},[66,90526,163],{"class":80},[20,90528,90529,90530,50],{},"It stores ",[15,90531,4071],{},[1430,90533,90535,90536,4688,90538],{"id":90534},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90537,89549],{},[15,90539,52740],{},[20,90541,85895],{},[30,90543,90544,90553],{},[33,90545,90546,90548,90549,90552],{},[15,90547,89549],{}," changes what goes ",[185,90550,90551],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90554,90555,90557,90558,90561],{},[15,90556,52740],{}," changes what appears ",[185,90559,90560],{},"after"," the output",[52,90563,90565],{"id":90564},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90567,90568,90569,90571],{},"These simple ",[15,90570,46529],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[57,90573,90575],{"className":59,"code":90574,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90576,90577,90597,90612],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90578,90579,90581,90583,90585,90588,90590,90592,90595],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90580,155],{"class":154},[66,90582,158],{"class":80},[66,90584,85],{"class":84},[66,90586,90587],{"class":88},"Debug:",[66,90589,85],{"class":84},[66,90591,105],{"class":80},[66,90593,90594],{"class":137}," variable_name",[66,90596,163],{"class":80},[66,90598,90599,90601,90603,90605,90607,90610],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,90600,155],{"class":154},[66,90602,158],{"class":80},[66,90604,912],{"class":173},[66,90606,158],{"class":80},[66,90608,90609],{"class":137},"variable_name",[66,90611,181],{"class":80},[66,90613,90614,90616,90618,90620],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,90615,32219],{"class":154},[66,90617,158],{"class":80},[66,90619,155],{"class":154},[66,90621,163],{"class":80},[20,90623,90624],{},"What they do:",[30,90626,90627,90633,90639],{},[33,90628,90629,90632],{},[15,90630,90631],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90634,90635,90638],{},[15,90636,90637],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90640,90641,90644,90645],{},[15,90642,90643],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90646,46529],{},[52,90648,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,90650,12986,90652,90654],{"id":90651},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90653,46529],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90656,90657,90658,90660,90661,36693],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90659,46529],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90662,52740],{},[1430,90664,5465,90666,90668],{"id":90665},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90667,46529],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90670,90671,90672,90674],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90673,46529],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1430,90676,5453,90678,5456,90681,2151],{"id":90677},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90679,90680],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90682,4071],{},[20,90684,29126,90685,90687],{},[15,90686,46529],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1430,90689,90691],{"id":90690},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90693,90694],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[57,90696,90698],{"className":59,"code":90697,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90699,90700],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90701,90702,90704,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90703,155],{"class":154},[66,90705,158],{"class":80},[66,90707,85],{"class":84},[66,90709,89409],{"class":88},[66,90711,85],{"class":84},[66,90713,105],{"class":80},[66,90715,6297],{"class":117},[66,90717,163],{"class":80},[20,90719,90720,90721,40003],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90722,47761],{},[1430,90724,5475,90726,4688,90728,2151],{"id":90725},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90727,89549],{},[15,90729,52740],{},[30,90731,90732,90737],{},[33,90733,90734,90736],{},[15,90735,89549],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90738,90739,90741],{},[15,90740,52740],{}," changes what appears after the output",[52,90743,2183],{"id":2182},[30,90745,90746,90750,90756,90762,90767,90772],{},[33,90747,90748],{},[652,90749,51055],{"href":51054},[33,90751,90752],{},[652,90753,3870,90754,3803],{"href":8512},[15,90755,3256],{},[33,90757,90758],{},[652,90759,3870,90760,3803],{"href":42250},[15,90761,47761],{},[33,90763,90764],{},[652,90765,90766],{"href":89775},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90768,90769],{},[652,90770,90771],{"href":90285},"How to debug Python code",[33,90773,90774],{},[652,90775,90489],{"href":90488},[2222,90777,90778],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":90780},[90781,90782,90784,90785,90791,90792,90793,90798,90804,90806,90808,90819,90820,90831],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":88953,"depth":124,"text":90783},"What print() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":89189,"depth":124,"text":89190,"children":90786},[90787,90788,90789,90790],{"id":89198,"depth":144,"text":89199},{"id":89239,"depth":144,"text":89240},{"id":89271,"depth":144,"text":89272},{"id":89298,"depth":144,"text":89299},{"id":89340,"depth":124,"text":89341},{"id":89536,"depth":124,"text":89537},{"id":89576,"depth":124,"text":90794,"children":90795},"sep argument",[90796,90797],{"id":89589,"depth":144,"text":89590},{"id":89639,"depth":144,"text":89640},{"id":89779,"depth":124,"text":90799,"children":90800},"end argument",[90801,90802,90803],{"id":89793,"depth":144,"text":89590},{"id":89846,"depth":144,"text":89847},{"id":89902,"depth":144,"text":89903},{"id":89986,"depth":124,"text":90805},"print() returns None",{"id":90123,"depth":124,"text":90807},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":90809},[90810,90811,90813,90815,90817],{"id":90296,"depth":144,"text":90297},{"id":90344,"depth":144,"text":90812},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90388,"depth":144,"text":90814},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90492,"depth":144,"text":90816},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90534,"depth":144,"text":90818},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90564,"depth":124,"text":90565},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":90821},[90822,90824,90826,90828,90829],{"id":90651,"depth":144,"text":90823},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90665,"depth":144,"text":90825},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90677,"depth":144,"text":90827},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90690,"depth":144,"text":90691},{"id":90725,"depth":144,"text":90830},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88836,"description":90832},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90839,"title":90840,"body":90841,"description":93145,"extension":2260,"meta":93146,"navigation":147,"path":93147,"seo":93148,"stem":93149,"__hash__":93150},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90842,"toc":93091},[90843,90848,90853,90866,90868,90933,90944,90949,90954,90956,90979,90982,91013,91015,91032,91037,91043,91048,91097,91100,91117,91123,91128,91151,91153,91181,91187,91195,91222,91224,91249,91255,91258,91289,91291,91320,91324,91327,91332,91354,91356,91384,91390,91396,91422,91424,91448,91454,91460,91490,91492,91520,91530,91534,91540,91573,91575,91604,91607,91610,91643,91645,91653,91659,91661,91684,91689,91698,91703,91717,91719,91759,91761,91791,91795,91830,91836,91840,91884,91886,91916,91922,91925,92004,92006,92028,92036,92039,92102,92110,92185,92191,92198,92203,92208,92231,92233,92254,92256,92269,92271,92318,92320,92359,92368,92370,92374,92378,92381,92408,92411,92440,92443,92467,92470,92478,92484,92506,92508,92536,92540,92545,92600,92605,92607,92664,92671,92680,92683,92715,92717,92725,92728,92734,92736,92759,92762,92768,92771,92790,92792,92811,92814,92836,92838,92866,92870,92874,92979,92981,92994,92996,93002,93005,93013,93018,93024,93030,93035,93043,93049,93056,93058,93088],[10,90844,3870,90846,3874],{"id":90845},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90847,36269],{},[20,90849,32384,90850,90852],{},[15,90851,36269],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90854,90855,90856,90858,90859,90861,90862,90865],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90857,1061],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90860,36269],{}," stops ",[185,90863,90864],{},"before"," the end value.",[52,90867,55],{"id":54},[57,90869,90871],{"className":59,"code":90870,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90872,90873,90889,90899,90903,90908,90913,90918,90923,90928],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90874,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90876,1061],{"class":1060},[66,90878,69631],{"class":72},[66,90880,1067],{"class":1060},[66,90882,54150],{"class":154},[66,90884,158],{"class":80},[66,90886,2433],{"class":117},[66,90888,8635],{"class":80},[66,90890,90891,90893,90895,90897],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,90892,1081],{"class":154},[66,90894,158],{"class":80},[66,90896,36225],{"class":137},[66,90898,163],{"class":80},[66,90900,90901],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,90902,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,90904,90905],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,90906,90907],{"class":1945},"# Output:\n",[66,90909,90910],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,90911,90912],{"class":1945},"# 0\n",[66,90914,90915],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,90916,90917],{"class":1945},"# 1\n",[66,90919,90920],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,90921,90922],{"class":1945},"# 2\n",[66,90924,90925],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,90926,90927],{"class":1945},"# 3\n",[66,90929,90930],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,90931,90932],{"class":1945},"# 4\n",[20,90934,90935,90938,90939,90941,90942,50],{},[15,90936,90937],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90940,2021],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90943,2433],{},[52,90945,250,90947,253],{"id":90946},"what-range-does",[15,90948,36269],{},[20,90950,90951,90953],{},[15,90952,36269],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90955,13332],{},[30,90957,90958,90963,90969,90974],{},[33,90959,90960,90962],{},[15,90961,36269],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90964,90965,90966,90968],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90967,1061],{}," loops",[33,90970,90971,90972],{},"The stop value is ",[185,90973,65152],{},[33,90975,272,90976,90978],{},[15,90977,60080],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90980,90981],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[57,90983,90985],{"className":59,"code":90984,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90986,90987,91003],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,90988,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,90990,1061],{"class":1060},[66,90992,6679],{"class":72},[66,90994,1067],{"class":1060},[66,90996,54150],{"class":154},[66,90998,158],{"class":80},[66,91000,2360],{"class":117},[66,91002,8635],{"class":80},[66,91004,91005,91007,91009,91011],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91006,1081],{"class":154},[66,91008,158],{"class":80},[66,91010,2537],{"class":137},[66,91012,163],{"class":80},[20,91014,187],{},[57,91016,91018],{"className":59,"code":91017,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91019,91020,91024,91028],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91021,91022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91023,47329],{"class":117},[66,91025,91026],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91027,46994],{"class":117},[66,91029,91030],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,91031,17328],{"class":117},[20,91033,91034,91035,50],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[652,91036,36099],{"href":36098},[52,91038,91040,91042],{"id":91039},"range-syntax",[15,91041,36269],{}," syntax",[20,91044,91045,91047],{},[15,91046,36269],{}," has three common forms:",[57,91049,91051],{"className":59,"code":91050,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91052,91053,91063,91078],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91054,91055,91057,91059,91061],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91056,60080],{"class":154},[66,91058,158],{"class":80},[66,91060,75509],{"class":137},[66,91062,163],{"class":80},[66,91064,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91076],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91066,60080],{"class":154},[66,91068,158],{"class":80},[66,91070,36143],{"class":137},[66,91072,105],{"class":80},[66,91074,91075],{"class":137}," stop",[66,91077,163],{"class":80},[66,91079,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090,91092,91095],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,91081,60080],{"class":154},[66,91083,158],{"class":80},[66,91085,36143],{"class":137},[66,91087,105],{"class":80},[66,91089,91075],{"class":137},[66,91091,105],{"class":80},[66,91093,91094],{"class":137}," step",[66,91096,163],{"class":80},[20,91098,91099],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,91101,91102,91107,91112],{},[33,91103,91104,91106],{},[15,91105,36143],{}," = first number",[33,91108,91109,91111],{},[15,91110,75509],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,91113,91114,91116],{},[15,91115,75512],{}," = amount to move each time",[1430,91118,91120],{"id":91119},"rangestop",[15,91121,91122],{},"range(stop)",[20,91124,91125,91126,50],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91127,2021],{},[57,91129,91131],{"className":59,"code":91130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91132,91133],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91134,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91136,155],{"class":154},[66,91138,158],{"class":80},[66,91140,174],{"class":173},[66,91142,158],{"class":80},[66,91144,60080],{"class":154},[66,91146,158],{"class":80},[66,91148,2433],{"class":117},[66,91150,3210],{"class":80},[20,91152,187],{},[57,91154,91155],{"className":59,"code":60103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91156,91157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91158,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91160,223],{"class":80},[66,91162,2021],{"class":117},[66,91164,105],{"class":80},[66,91166,1896],{"class":117},[66,91168,105],{"class":80},[66,91170,1719],{"class":117},[66,91172,105],{"class":80},[66,91174,1724],{"class":117},[66,91176,105],{"class":80},[66,91178,2755],{"class":117},[66,91180,240],{"class":80},[1430,91182,91184],{"id":91183},"rangestart-stop",[15,91185,91186],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91188,91189,91190,91192,91193,50],{},"This starts at ",[15,91191,36143],{}," and stops before ",[15,91194,75509],{},[57,91196,91198],{"className":59,"code":91197,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91199,91200],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91201,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91203,155],{"class":154},[66,91205,158],{"class":80},[66,91207,174],{"class":173},[66,91209,158],{"class":80},[66,91211,60080],{"class":154},[66,91213,158],{"class":80},[66,91215,2354],{"class":117},[66,91217,105],{"class":80},[66,91219,37716],{"class":117},[66,91221,3210],{"class":80},[20,91223,187],{},[57,91225,91227],{"className":59,"code":91226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91228,91229],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91230,91231,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91232,223],{"class":80},[66,91234,2354],{"class":117},[66,91236,105],{"class":80},[66,91238,1724],{"class":117},[66,91240,105],{"class":80},[66,91242,2755],{"class":117},[66,91244,105],{"class":80},[66,91246,1231],{"class":117},[66,91248,240],{"class":80},[1430,91250,91252],{"id":91251},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91253,91254],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91256,91257],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[57,91259,91261],{"className":59,"code":91260,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91262,91263],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91264,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91266,155],{"class":154},[66,91268,158],{"class":80},[66,91270,174],{"class":173},[66,91272,158],{"class":80},[66,91274,60080],{"class":154},[66,91276,158],{"class":80},[66,91278,1714],{"class":117},[66,91280,105],{"class":80},[66,91282,6297],{"class":117},[66,91284,105],{"class":80},[66,91286,1719],{"class":117},[66,91288,3210],{"class":80},[20,91290,187],{},[57,91292,91294],{"className":59,"code":91293,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91295,91296],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91297,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91299,223],{"class":80},[66,91301,1714],{"class":117},[66,91303,105],{"class":80},[66,91305,1724],{"class":117},[66,91307,105],{"class":80},[66,91309,1231],{"class":117},[66,91311,105],{"class":80},[66,91313,6286],{"class":117},[66,91315,105],{"class":80},[66,91317,54216],{"class":117},[66,91319,240],{"class":80},[52,91321,91323],{"id":91322},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91325,91326],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1430,91328,91330],{"id":91329},"range5",[15,91331,90937],{},[57,91333,91334],{"className":59,"code":91130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91335,91336],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91337,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91339,155],{"class":154},[66,91341,158],{"class":80},[66,91343,174],{"class":173},[66,91345,158],{"class":80},[66,91347,60080],{"class":154},[66,91349,158],{"class":80},[66,91351,2433],{"class":117},[66,91353,3210],{"class":80},[20,91355,187],{},[57,91357,91358],{"className":59,"code":60103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91359,91360],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91361,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91363,223],{"class":80},[66,91365,2021],{"class":117},[66,91367,105],{"class":80},[66,91369,1896],{"class":117},[66,91371,105],{"class":80},[66,91373,1719],{"class":117},[66,91375,105],{"class":80},[66,91377,1724],{"class":117},[66,91379,105],{"class":80},[66,91381,2755],{"class":117},[66,91383,240],{"class":80},[20,91385,91189,91386,91192,91388,50],{},[15,91387,2021],{},[15,91389,2433],{},[1430,91391,91393],{"id":91392},"range2-6",[15,91394,91395],{},"range(2, 6)",[57,91397,91398],{"className":59,"code":91197,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91399,91400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91401,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91403,155],{"class":154},[66,91405,158],{"class":80},[66,91407,174],{"class":173},[66,91409,158],{"class":80},[66,91411,60080],{"class":154},[66,91413,158],{"class":80},[66,91415,2354],{"class":117},[66,91417,105],{"class":80},[66,91419,37716],{"class":117},[66,91421,3210],{"class":80},[20,91423,187],{},[57,91425,91426],{"className":59,"code":91226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91427,91428],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91429,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91431,223],{"class":80},[66,91433,2354],{"class":117},[66,91435,105],{"class":80},[66,91437,1724],{"class":117},[66,91439,105],{"class":80},[66,91441,2755],{"class":117},[66,91443,105],{"class":80},[66,91445,1231],{"class":117},[66,91447,240],{"class":80},[20,91449,91189,91450,91192,91452,50],{},[15,91451,2354],{},[15,91453,80677],{},[1430,91455,91457],{"id":91456},"range1-10-2",[15,91458,91459],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[57,91461,91462],{"className":59,"code":91260,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91463,91464],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91465,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91467,155],{"class":154},[66,91469,158],{"class":80},[66,91471,174],{"class":173},[66,91473,158],{"class":80},[66,91475,60080],{"class":154},[66,91477,158],{"class":80},[66,91479,1714],{"class":117},[66,91481,105],{"class":80},[66,91483,6297],{"class":117},[66,91485,105],{"class":80},[66,91487,1719],{"class":117},[66,91489,3210],{"class":80},[20,91491,187],{},[57,91493,91494],{"className":59,"code":91293,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91495,91496],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91497,91498,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91499,223],{"class":80},[66,91501,1714],{"class":117},[66,91503,105],{"class":80},[66,91505,1724],{"class":117},[66,91507,105],{"class":80},[66,91509,1231],{"class":117},[66,91511,105],{"class":80},[66,91513,6286],{"class":117},[66,91515,105],{"class":80},[66,91517,54216],{"class":117},[66,91519,240],{"class":80},[20,91521,91522,91523,91525,91526,61383,91528,50],{},"This moves by ",[15,91524,2354],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91527,1714],{},[15,91529,2441],{},[1430,91531,91533],{"id":91532},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91535,91536,91537,91539],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91538,36269],{}," count backward.",[57,91541,91543],{"className":59,"code":91542,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91544,91545],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91546,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91548,155],{"class":154},[66,91550,158],{"class":80},[66,91552,174],{"class":173},[66,91554,158],{"class":80},[66,91556,60080],{"class":154},[66,91558,158],{"class":80},[66,91560,2433],{"class":117},[66,91562,105],{"class":80},[66,91564,4127],{"class":117},[66,91566,105],{"class":80},[66,91568,2520],{"class":76},[66,91570,1714],{"class":117},[66,91572,3210],{"class":80},[20,91574,187],{},[57,91576,91578],{"className":59,"code":91577,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91579,91580],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91581,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91583,223],{"class":80},[66,91585,2433],{"class":117},[66,91587,105],{"class":80},[66,91589,2755],{"class":117},[66,91591,105],{"class":80},[66,91593,1724],{"class":117},[66,91595,105],{"class":80},[66,91597,1719],{"class":117},[66,91599,105],{"class":80},[66,91601,1896],{"class":117},[66,91603,240],{"class":80},[20,91605,91606],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91608,91609],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[57,91611,91613],{"className":59,"code":91612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91614,91615],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91616,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91618,155],{"class":154},[66,91620,158],{"class":80},[66,91622,174],{"class":173},[66,91624,158],{"class":80},[66,91626,60080],{"class":154},[66,91628,158],{"class":80},[66,91630,1714],{"class":117},[66,91632,105],{"class":80},[66,91634,1231],{"class":117},[66,91636,105],{"class":80},[66,91638,2520],{"class":76},[66,91640,1714],{"class":117},[66,91642,3210],{"class":80},[20,91644,187],{},[57,91646,91647],{"className":59,"code":38370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,91648,91649],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91650,91651],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91652,38370],{"class":80},[1430,91654,91655,76672,91657],{"id":76896},[15,91656,75512],{},[15,91658,2021],{},[20,91660,1696],{},[57,91662,91664],{"className":59,"code":91663,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91665,91666],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91667,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91669,60080],{"class":154},[66,91671,158],{"class":80},[66,91673,1714],{"class":117},[66,91675,105],{"class":80},[66,91677,1231],{"class":117},[66,91679,105],{"class":80},[66,91681,4127],{"class":117},[66,91683,163],{"class":80},[20,91685,76941,91686,91688],{},[15,91687,40778],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[52,91690,1848,91692,91694,91695,91697],{"id":91691},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91693,36269],{}," in a ",[15,91696,1061],{}," loop",[20,91699,91700,91702],{},[15,91701,36269],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91704,91705,91708,91711],{},[33,91706,91707],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91709,91710],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91712,91713,91714],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91715,91716],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91718,281],{},[57,91720,91722],{"className":59,"code":91721,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91723,91724,91740],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91725,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91727,1061],{"class":1060},[66,91729,69631],{"class":72},[66,91731,1067],{"class":1060},[66,91733,54150],{"class":154},[66,91735,158],{"class":80},[66,91737,2360],{"class":117},[66,91739,8635],{"class":80},[66,91741,91742,91744,91746,91748,91751,91753,91755,91757],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91743,1081],{"class":154},[66,91745,158],{"class":80},[66,91747,85],{"class":84},[66,91749,91750],{"class":88},"Loop number:",[66,91752,85],{"class":84},[66,91754,105],{"class":80},[66,91756,36200],{"class":137},[66,91758,163],{"class":80},[20,91760,187],{},[57,91762,91764],{"className":59,"code":91763,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91765,91766,91775,91783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91767,91768,91771,91773],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91769,91770],{"class":72},"Loop number",[66,91772,94],{"class":80},[66,91774,38586],{"class":117},[66,91776,91777,91779,91781],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91778,91770],{"class":72},[66,91780,94],{"class":80},[66,91782,29680],{"class":117},[66,91784,91785,91787,91789],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,91786,91770],{"class":72},[66,91788,94],{"class":80},[66,91790,45666],{"class":117},[1430,91792,91794],{"id":91793},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[57,91796,91798],{"className":59,"code":91797,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91799,91800,91816],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91801,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91803,1061],{"class":1060},[66,91805,69631],{"class":72},[66,91807,1067],{"class":1060},[66,91809,54150],{"class":154},[66,91811,158],{"class":80},[66,91813,2433],{"class":117},[66,91815,8635],{"class":80},[66,91817,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91819,1081],{"class":154},[66,91821,158],{"class":80},[66,91823,85],{"class":84},[66,91825,34936],{"class":88},[66,91827,85],{"class":84},[66,91829,163],{"class":80},[20,91831,91832,91833,91835],{},"This prints ",[15,91834,90501],{}," five times.",[1430,91837,91839],{"id":91838},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[57,91841,91843],{"className":59,"code":91842,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91844,91845,91865],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91846,91847,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91848,1061],{"class":1060},[66,91850,69631],{"class":72},[66,91852,1067],{"class":1060},[66,91854,54150],{"class":154},[66,91856,158],{"class":80},[66,91858,1714],{"class":117},[66,91860,105],{"class":80},[66,91862,2755],{"class":117},[66,91864,8635],{"class":80},[66,91866,91867,91869,91871,91873,91876,91878,91880,91882],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91868,1081],{"class":154},[66,91870,158],{"class":80},[66,91872,85],{"class":84},[66,91874,91875],{"class":88},"Current number is",[66,91877,85],{"class":84},[66,91879,105],{"class":80},[66,91881,36200],{"class":137},[66,91883,163],{"class":80},[20,91885,187],{},[57,91887,91889],{"className":59,"code":91888,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91890,91891,91900,91908],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91892,91893,91896,91898],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91894,91895],{"class":72},"Current number ",[66,91897,12475],{"class":76},[66,91899,29680],{"class":117},[66,91901,91902,91904,91906],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91903,91895],{"class":72},[66,91905,12475],{"class":76},[66,91907,45666],{"class":117},[66,91909,91910,91912,91914],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,91911,91895],{"class":72},[66,91913,12475],{"class":76},[66,91915,2876],{"class":117},[1430,91917,91919,91921],{"id":91918},"range-and-indexing",[15,91920,36269],{}," and indexing",[20,91923,91924],{},"You may see code like this:",[57,91926,91928],{"className":59,"code":91927,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91929,91930,91962,91966,91986],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,91931,91932,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,91933,8073],{"class":72},[66,91935,77],{"class":76},[66,91937,1711],{"class":80},[66,91939,85],{"class":84},[66,91941,652],{"class":88},[66,91943,85],{"class":84},[66,91945,105],{"class":80},[66,91947,97],{"class":84},[66,91949,1903],{"class":88},[66,91951,85],{"class":84},[66,91953,105],{"class":80},[66,91955,97],{"class":84},[66,91957,10027],{"class":88},[66,91959,85],{"class":84},[66,91961,240],{"class":80},[66,91963,91964],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,91965,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,91967,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,91969,1061],{"class":1060},[66,91971,69631],{"class":72},[66,91973,1067],{"class":1060},[66,91975,54150],{"class":154},[66,91977,158],{"class":80},[66,91979,11445],{"class":154},[66,91981,158],{"class":80},[66,91983,8103],{"class":137},[66,91985,69646],{"class":80},[66,91987,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,91989,1081],{"class":154},[66,91991,158],{"class":80},[66,91993,36225],{"class":137},[66,91995,105],{"class":80},[66,91997,6258],{"class":137},[66,91999,223],{"class":80},[66,92001,36225],{"class":137},[66,92003,218],{"class":80},[20,92005,187],{},[57,92007,92008],{"className":59,"code":36237,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92009,92010,92016,92022],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92011,92012,92014],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92013,2021],{"class":117},[66,92015,36246],{"class":72},[66,92017,92018,92020],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,92019,1714],{"class":117},[66,92021,36253],{"class":72},[66,92023,92024,92026],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,92025,2354],{"class":117},[66,92027,36260],{"class":72},[20,92029,92030,92031,92035],{},"This works, and it uses ",[652,92032,92033],{"href":42433},[15,92034,42436],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92037,92038],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[57,92040,92042],{"className":59,"code":92041,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92043,92044,92076,92080,92092],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92045,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92047,8073],{"class":72},[66,92049,77],{"class":76},[66,92051,1711],{"class":80},[66,92053,85],{"class":84},[66,92055,652],{"class":88},[66,92057,85],{"class":84},[66,92059,105],{"class":80},[66,92061,97],{"class":84},[66,92063,1903],{"class":88},[66,92065,85],{"class":84},[66,92067,105],{"class":80},[66,92069,97],{"class":84},[66,92071,10027],{"class":88},[66,92073,85],{"class":84},[66,92075,240],{"class":80},[66,92077,92078],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,92079,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,92081,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,92083,1061],{"class":1060},[66,92085,6253],{"class":72},[66,92087,1067],{"class":1060},[66,92089,6258],{"class":72},[66,92091,1133],{"class":80},[66,92093,92094,92096,92098,92100],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,92095,1081],{"class":154},[66,92097,158],{"class":80},[66,92099,23563],{"class":137},[66,92101,163],{"class":80},[20,92103,36664,92104,92109],{},[652,92105,92107],{"href":92106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92108,35819],{}," is usually a better choice:",[57,92111,92113],{"className":59,"code":92112,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92114,92115,92147,92151,92171],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92116,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92118,8073],{"class":72},[66,92120,77],{"class":76},[66,92122,1711],{"class":80},[66,92124,85],{"class":84},[66,92126,652],{"class":88},[66,92128,85],{"class":84},[66,92130,105],{"class":80},[66,92132,97],{"class":84},[66,92134,1903],{"class":88},[66,92136,85],{"class":84},[66,92138,105],{"class":80},[66,92140,97],{"class":84},[66,92142,10027],{"class":88},[66,92144,85],{"class":84},[66,92146,240],{"class":80},[66,92148,92149],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,92150,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,92152,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167,92169],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,92154,1061],{"class":1060},[66,92156,35891],{"class":72},[66,92158,105],{"class":80},[66,92160,6253],{"class":72},[66,92162,1067],{"class":1060},[66,92164,35901],{"class":154},[66,92166,158],{"class":80},[66,92168,8103],{"class":137},[66,92170,8635],{"class":80},[66,92172,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,92174,1081],{"class":154},[66,92176,158],{"class":80},[66,92178,35916],{"class":137},[66,92180,105],{"class":80},[66,92182,29572],{"class":137},[66,92184,163],{"class":80},[20,92186,79201,92187,50],{},[652,92188,36677,92189,36680],{"href":36676},[15,92190,35819],{},[52,92192,92194,92195,92197],{"id":92193},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92196,36269],{}," to a list",[20,92199,92200,92202],{},[15,92201,36269],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92204,92205,92206,94],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92207,817],{},[57,92209,92211],{"className":59,"code":92210,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92212,92213],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92214,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92216,155],{"class":154},[66,92218,158],{"class":80},[66,92220,174],{"class":173},[66,92222,158],{"class":80},[66,92224,60080],{"class":154},[66,92226,158],{"class":80},[66,92228,2360],{"class":117},[66,92230,3210],{"class":80},[20,92232,187],{},[57,92234,92236],{"className":59,"code":92235,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92237,92238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92239,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92241,223],{"class":80},[66,92243,2021],{"class":117},[66,92245,105],{"class":80},[66,92247,1896],{"class":117},[66,92249,105],{"class":80},[66,92251,1719],{"class":117},[66,92253,240],{"class":80},[20,92255,33379],{},[30,92257,92258,92263,92266],{},[33,92259,92260,92261,42160],{},"learning how ",[15,92262,36269],{},[33,92264,92265],{},"checking your values",[33,92267,92268],{},"debugging code",[20,92270,5767],{},[57,92272,92274],{"className":59,"code":92273,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92275,92276,92290,92294,92304],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92277,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92279,1706],{"class":72},[66,92281,77],{"class":76},[66,92283,54150],{"class":154},[66,92285,158],{"class":80},[66,92287,2803],{"class":117},[66,92289,163],{"class":80},[66,92291,92292],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,92293,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,92295,92296,92298,92300,92302],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,92297,155],{"class":154},[66,92299,158],{"class":80},[66,92301,1735],{"class":137},[66,92303,163],{"class":80},[66,92305,92306,92308,92310,92312,92314,92316],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,92307,155],{"class":154},[66,92309,158],{"class":80},[66,92311,174],{"class":173},[66,92313,158],{"class":80},[66,92315,1735],{"class":137},[66,92317,181],{"class":80},[20,92319,187],{},[57,92321,92323],{"className":59,"code":92322,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92324,92325,92339],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92326,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92328,60080],{"class":154},[66,92330,158],{"class":80},[66,92332,2021],{"class":117},[66,92334,105],{"class":80},[66,92336,2755],{"class":117},[66,92338,163],{"class":80},[66,92340,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,92342,223],{"class":80},[66,92344,2021],{"class":117},[66,92346,105],{"class":80},[66,92348,1896],{"class":117},[66,92350,105],{"class":80},[66,92352,1719],{"class":117},[66,92354,105],{"class":80},[66,92356,1724],{"class":117},[66,92358,240],{"class":80},[20,92360,92361,92362,10871,92364,92367],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92363,60080],{},[15,92365,92366],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[52,92369,4814],{"id":4813},[20,92371,33608,92372,50],{},[15,92373,36269],{},[1430,92375,92377],{"id":92376},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92379,92380],{},"Many beginners think this:",[57,92382,92384],{"className":59,"code":92383,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92385,92386],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92387,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402,92404,92406],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92389,155],{"class":154},[66,92391,158],{"class":80},[66,92393,174],{"class":173},[66,92395,158],{"class":80},[66,92397,60080],{"class":154},[66,92399,158],{"class":80},[66,92401,1714],{"class":117},[66,92403,105],{"class":80},[66,92405,1231],{"class":117},[66,92407,3210],{"class":80},[20,92409,92410],{},"will produce:",[57,92412,92414],{"className":59,"code":92413,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92415,92416],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92417,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92419,223],{"class":80},[66,92421,1714],{"class":117},[66,92423,105],{"class":80},[66,92425,1719],{"class":117},[66,92427,105],{"class":80},[66,92429,1724],{"class":117},[66,92431,105],{"class":80},[66,92433,2755],{"class":117},[66,92435,105],{"class":80},[66,92437,1231],{"class":117},[66,92439,240],{"class":80},[20,92441,92442],{},"But the real output is:",[57,92444,92445],{"className":59,"code":53585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92446,92447],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92448,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92450,223],{"class":80},[66,92452,1714],{"class":117},[66,92454,105],{"class":80},[66,92456,1719],{"class":117},[66,92458,105],{"class":80},[66,92460,1724],{"class":117},[66,92462,105],{"class":80},[66,92464,2755],{"class":117},[66,92466,240],{"class":80},[20,92468,92469],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1430,92471,4875,92473,92475,92476],{"id":92472},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92474,90937],{}," starts at ",[15,92477,1714],{},[20,92479,37540,92480,19223,92482,50],{},[15,92481,2021],{},[15,92483,1714],{},[57,92485,92486],{"className":59,"code":91130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92487,92488],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92489,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92491,155],{"class":154},[66,92493,158],{"class":80},[66,92495,174],{"class":173},[66,92497,158],{"class":80},[66,92499,60080],{"class":154},[66,92501,158],{"class":80},[66,92503,2433],{"class":117},[66,92505,3210],{"class":80},[20,92507,187],{},[57,92509,92510],{"className":59,"code":60103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92511,92512],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92513,92514,92516,92518,92520,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92515,223],{"class":80},[66,92517,2021],{"class":117},[66,92519,105],{"class":80},[66,92521,1896],{"class":117},[66,92523,105],{"class":80},[66,92525,1719],{"class":117},[66,92527,105],{"class":80},[66,92529,1724],{"class":117},[66,92531,105],{"class":80},[66,92533,2755],{"class":117},[66,92535,240],{"class":80},[1430,92537,92539],{"id":92538},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92541,92542,92543,94],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92544,3256],{},[57,92546,92548],{"className":59,"code":92547,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92549,92550,92569,92573,92590],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92551,92552,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92553,92554],{"class":72},"user_number ",[66,92556,77],{"class":76},[66,92558,8535],{"class":154},[66,92560,158],{"class":80},[66,92562,85],{"class":84},[66,92564,41946],{"class":88},[66,92566,85],{"class":84},[66,92568,163],{"class":80},[66,92570,92571],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,92572,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,92574,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583,92585,92588],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,92576,1061],{"class":1060},[66,92578,69631],{"class":72},[66,92580,1067],{"class":1060},[66,92582,54150],{"class":154},[66,92584,158],{"class":80},[66,92586,92587],{"class":137},"user_number",[66,92589,8635],{"class":80},[66,92591,92592,92594,92596,92598],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,92593,1081],{"class":154},[66,92595,158],{"class":80},[66,92597,36225],{"class":137},[66,92599,163],{"class":80},[20,92601,48588,92602,92604],{},[15,92603,3256],{}," returns a string.",[20,92606,11091],{},[57,92608,92610],{"className":59,"code":92609,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92611,92612,92634,92638,92654],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92613,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92615,92554],{"class":72},[66,92617,77],{"class":76},[66,92619,45353],{"class":173},[66,92621,158],{"class":80},[66,92623,42538],{"class":154},[66,92625,158],{"class":80},[66,92627,85],{"class":84},[66,92629,41946],{"class":88},[66,92631,85],{"class":84},[66,92633,181],{"class":80},[66,92635,92636],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,92637,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,92639,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,92641,1061],{"class":1060},[66,92643,69631],{"class":72},[66,92645,1067],{"class":1060},[66,92647,54150],{"class":154},[66,92649,158],{"class":80},[66,92651,92587],{"class":137},[66,92653,8635],{"class":80},[66,92655,92656,92658,92660,92662],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,92657,1081],{"class":154},[66,92659,158],{"class":80},[66,92661,36225],{"class":137},[66,92663,163],{"class":80},[20,92665,92666,92667,50],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[652,92668,50602,92669],{"href":50601},[15,92670,50605],{},[1430,92672,92674,92675,92677,92678],{"id":92673},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92676,36143],{}," smaller than ",[15,92679,75509],{},[20,92681,92682],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[57,92684,92685],{"className":59,"code":91612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92686,92687],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92688,92689,92691,92693,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711,92713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92690,155],{"class":154},[66,92692,158],{"class":80},[66,92694,174],{"class":173},[66,92696,158],{"class":80},[66,92698,60080],{"class":154},[66,92700,158],{"class":80},[66,92702,1714],{"class":117},[66,92704,105],{"class":80},[66,92706,1231],{"class":117},[66,92708,105],{"class":80},[66,92710,2520],{"class":76},[66,92712,1714],{"class":117},[66,92714,3210],{"class":80},[20,92716,187],{},[57,92718,92719],{"className":59,"code":38370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92720,92721],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92722,92723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92724,38370],{"class":80},[20,92726,92727],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1430,92729,1685,92731],{"id":92730},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92732,92733],{},"step = 0",[20,92735,77652],{},[57,92737,92739],{"className":59,"code":92738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92740,92741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92742,92743,92745,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92744,60080],{"class":154},[66,92746,158],{"class":80},[66,92748,1714],{"class":117},[66,92750,105],{"class":80},[66,92752,6297],{"class":117},[66,92754,105],{"class":80},[66,92756,4127],{"class":117},[66,92758,163],{"class":80},[20,92760,92761],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1430,92763,5000,92765,92767],{"id":92764},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92766,36269],{}," is not a list",[20,92769,92770],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[57,92772,92774],{"className":59,"code":92773,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92775,92776],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92777,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92779,155],{"class":154},[66,92781,158],{"class":80},[66,92783,60080],{"class":154},[66,92785,158],{"class":80},[66,92787,2433],{"class":117},[66,92789,181],{"class":80},[20,92791,187],{},[57,92793,92795],{"className":59,"code":92794,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92796,92797],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92798,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92800,60080],{"class":154},[66,92802,158],{"class":80},[66,92804,2021],{"class":117},[66,92806,105],{"class":80},[66,92808,1231],{"class":117},[66,92810,163],{"class":80},[20,92812,92813],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[57,92815,92816],{"className":59,"code":91130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92817,92818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92819,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832,92834],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92821,155],{"class":154},[66,92823,158],{"class":80},[66,92825,174],{"class":173},[66,92827,158],{"class":80},[66,92829,60080],{"class":154},[66,92831,158],{"class":80},[66,92833,2433],{"class":117},[66,92835,3210],{"class":80},[20,92837,187],{},[57,92839,92840],{"className":59,"code":60103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,92841,92842],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92843,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92845,223],{"class":80},[66,92847,2021],{"class":117},[66,92849,105],{"class":80},[66,92851,1896],{"class":117},[66,92853,105],{"class":80},[66,92855,1719],{"class":117},[66,92857,105],{"class":80},[66,92859,1724],{"class":117},[66,92861,105],{"class":80},[66,92863,2755],{"class":117},[66,92865,240],{"class":80},[52,92867,92869],{"id":92868},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92871,9168,92872,82423],{},[15,92873,36269],{},[57,92875,92877],{"className":59,"code":92876,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92878,92879,92893,92911,92933,92961],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,92880,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889,92891],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,92882,155],{"class":154},[66,92884,158],{"class":80},[66,92886,60080],{"class":154},[66,92888,158],{"class":80},[66,92890,2433],{"class":117},[66,92892,181],{"class":80},[66,92894,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,92896,155],{"class":154},[66,92898,158],{"class":80},[66,92900,174],{"class":173},[66,92902,158],{"class":80},[66,92904,60080],{"class":154},[66,92906,158],{"class":80},[66,92908,2433],{"class":117},[66,92910,3210],{"class":80},[66,92912,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,92914,155],{"class":154},[66,92916,158],{"class":80},[66,92918,174],{"class":173},[66,92920,158],{"class":80},[66,92922,60080],{"class":154},[66,92924,158],{"class":80},[66,92926,2354],{"class":117},[66,92928,105],{"class":80},[66,92930,6652],{"class":117},[66,92932,3210],{"class":80},[66,92934,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,92936,155],{"class":154},[66,92938,158],{"class":80},[66,92940,174],{"class":173},[66,92942,158],{"class":80},[66,92944,60080],{"class":154},[66,92946,158],{"class":80},[66,92948,2628],{"class":117},[66,92950,105],{"class":80},[66,92952,4127],{"class":117},[66,92954,105],{"class":80},[66,92956,2520],{"class":76},[66,92958,2354],{"class":117},[66,92960,3210],{"class":80},[66,92962,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,92964,155],{"class":154},[66,92966,158],{"class":80},[66,92968,912],{"class":173},[66,92970,158],{"class":80},[66,92972,60080],{"class":154},[66,92974,158],{"class":80},[66,92976,2433],{"class":117},[66,92978,3210],{"class":80},[20,92980,2094],{},[30,92982,92983,92986,92989],{},[33,92984,92985],{},"what values are being created",[33,92987,92988],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92990,92991,92992,641],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92993,60080],{},[52,92995,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,92997,12986,92999,93001],{"id":92998},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93000,36269],{}," include the last number?",[20,93003,93004],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1430,93006,5453,93008,93010,93011,2151],{"id":93007},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93009,90937],{}," start at ",[15,93012,2021],{},[20,93014,93015,93016,50],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93017,2021],{},[1430,93019,5465,93021,93023],{"id":93020},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93022,36269],{}," count backward?",[20,93025,93026,93027,50],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93028,93029],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1430,93031,2131,93033,2135],{"id":93032},"is-range-a-list",[15,93034,36269],{},[20,93036,2138,93037,93039,93040,24190],{},[15,93038,60080],{}," object. Use ",[15,93041,93042],{},"list(range(...))",[1430,93044,5453,93046,48762],{"id":93045},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93047,93048],{},"range(input())",[20,93050,93051,3778,93053,50],{},[15,93052,3256],{},[15,93054,93055],{},"int(input())",[52,93057,2183],{"id":2182},[30,93059,93060,93064,93070,93076,93082],{},[33,93061,93062],{},[652,93063,36099],{"href":36098},[33,93065,93066],{},[652,93067,3870,93068,3803],{"href":42433},[15,93069,42436],{},[33,93071,93072],{},[652,93073,3870,93074,3803],{"href":92106},[15,93075,35819],{},[33,93077,93078],{},[652,93079,37591,93080,36680],{"href":36676},[15,93081,35819],{},[33,93083,93084],{},[652,93085,50602,93086],{"href":50601},[15,93087,50605],{},[2222,93089,93090],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":93092},[93093,93094,93096,93102,93110,93117,93119,93131,93132,93144],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":90946,"depth":124,"text":93095},"What range() does",{"id":91039,"depth":124,"text":93097,"children":93098},"range() syntax",[93099,93100,93101],{"id":91119,"depth":144,"text":91122},{"id":91183,"depth":144,"text":91186},{"id":91251,"depth":144,"text":91254},{"id":91322,"depth":124,"text":91323,"children":93103},[93104,93105,93106,93107,93108],{"id":91329,"depth":144,"text":90937},{"id":91392,"depth":144,"text":91395},{"id":91456,"depth":144,"text":91459},{"id":91532,"depth":144,"text":91533},{"id":76896,"depth":144,"text":93109},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91691,"depth":124,"text":93111,"children":93112},"Using range() in a for loop",[93113,93114,93115],{"id":91793,"depth":144,"text":91794},{"id":91838,"depth":144,"text":91839},{"id":91918,"depth":144,"text":93116},"range() and indexing",{"id":92193,"depth":124,"text":93118},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":93120},[93121,93122,93124,93125,93127,93129],{"id":92376,"depth":144,"text":92377},{"id":92472,"depth":144,"text":93123},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92538,"depth":144,"text":92539},{"id":92673,"depth":144,"text":93126},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92730,"depth":144,"text":93128},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92764,"depth":144,"text":93130},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92868,"depth":124,"text":92869},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":93133},[93134,93136,93138,93140,93142],{"id":92998,"depth":144,"text":93135},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93007,"depth":144,"text":93137},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93020,"depth":144,"text":93139},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93032,"depth":144,"text":93141},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93045,"depth":144,"text":93143},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90840,"description":93145},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93152,"title":93153,"body":93154,"description":94827,"extension":2260,"meta":94828,"navigation":147,"path":94829,"seo":94830,"stem":94831,"__hash__":94832},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93155,"toc":94800},[93156,93165,93172,93189,93205,93207,93256,93264,93268,93271,93291,93293,93357,93359,93402,93405,93451,93453,93486,93496,93502,93510,93527,93529,93560,93562,93587,93592,93603,93606,93676,93678,93709,93714,93719,93736,93738,93789,93791,93824,93827,93834,93839,93843,93859,93861,93905,93907,93953,93956,93969,93974,93978,93992,93994,94045,94047,94080,94085,94087,94094,94096,94119,94121,94186,94188,94205,94208,94241,94243,94271,94281,94288,94292,94295,94313,94316,94344,94347,94365,94370,94376,94379,94401,94403,94431,94433,94436,94461,94464,94577,94579,94658,94660,94666,94671,94679,94687,94691,94694,94696,94729,94731,94739,94745,94752,94759,94762,94764,94797],[10,93157,3870,93159,10871,93161,93164],{"id":93158},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93160,36269],{},[15,93162,93163],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93166,93167,4688,93169,93171],{},[15,93168,36269],{},[15,93170,93163],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,93173,93174,93182],{},[33,93175,93176,93178,93179],{},[15,93177,36269],{}," creates a ",[185,93180,93181],{},"range object",[33,93183,93184,93178,93186],{},[15,93185,93163],{},[185,93187,93188],{},"real list",[20,93190,93191,93192,93194,93195,93198,93199,93201,93202,93204],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93193,90937],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93196,93197],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93200,36269],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93203,93163],{}," when you actually need a list.",[52,93206,3903],{"id":3902},[57,93208,93210],{"className":59,"code":93209,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93211,93212,93226,93239],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93213,93214,93216,93218,93220,93222,93224],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93215,1706],{"class":72},[66,93217,77],{"class":76},[66,93219,54150],{"class":154},[66,93221,158],{"class":80},[66,93223,2433],{"class":117},[66,93225,163],{"class":80},[66,93227,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93229,155],{"class":154},[66,93231,158],{"class":80},[66,93233,1735],{"class":137},[66,93235,3954],{"class":80},[66,93237,93238],{"class":1945},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[66,93240,93241,93243,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,93242,155],{"class":154},[66,93244,158],{"class":80},[66,93246,174],{"class":173},[66,93248,158],{"class":80},[66,93250,1735],{"class":137},[66,93252,5658],{"class":80},[66,93254,93255],{"class":1945},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93257,243,93258,93260,93261,93263],{},[15,93259,36269],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93262,93163],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[52,93265,93267],{"id":93266},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93269,93270],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,93272,93273,93280,93285,93288],{},[33,93274,93275,638,93277,93279],{},[15,93276,36269],{},[185,93278,93181],{},", not a list",[33,93281,93282,93284],{},[15,93283,93163],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,93286,93287],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,93289,93290],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93292,281],{},[57,93294,93296],{"className":59,"code":93295,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93297,93298,93313,93332,93336,93346],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93299,93300,93303,93305,93307,93309,93311],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93301,93302],{"class":72},"r ",[66,93304,77],{"class":76},[66,93306,54150],{"class":154},[66,93308,158],{"class":80},[66,93310,2433],{"class":117},[66,93312,163],{"class":80},[66,93314,93315,93318,93320,93322,93324,93326,93328,93330],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93316,93317],{"class":72},"lst ",[66,93319,77],{"class":76},[66,93321,1656],{"class":173},[66,93323,158],{"class":80},[66,93325,60080],{"class":154},[66,93327,158],{"class":80},[66,93329,2433],{"class":117},[66,93331,181],{"class":80},[66,93333,93334],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,93335,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,93337,93338,93340,93342,93344],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,93339,155],{"class":154},[66,93341,158],{"class":80},[66,93343,60587],{"class":137},[66,93345,163],{"class":80},[66,93347,93348,93350,93352,93355],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,93349,155],{"class":154},[66,93351,158],{"class":80},[66,93353,93354],{"class":137},"lst",[66,93356,163],{"class":80},[20,93358,187],{},[57,93360,93362],{"className":59,"code":93361,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93363,93364,93378],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93365,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93367,60080],{"class":154},[66,93369,158],{"class":80},[66,93371,2021],{"class":117},[66,93373,105],{"class":80},[66,93375,1231],{"class":117},[66,93377,163],{"class":80},[66,93379,93380,93382,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396,93398,93400],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93381,223],{"class":80},[66,93383,2021],{"class":117},[66,93385,105],{"class":80},[66,93387,1896],{"class":117},[66,93389,105],{"class":80},[66,93391,1719],{"class":117},[66,93393,105],{"class":80},[66,93395,1724],{"class":117},[66,93397,105],{"class":80},[66,93399,2755],{"class":117},[66,93401,240],{"class":80},[20,93403,93404],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[57,93406,93408],{"className":59,"code":93407,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93409,93410,93428],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93411,93412,93414,93416,93418,93420,93422,93424,93426],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93413,155],{"class":154},[66,93415,158],{"class":80},[66,93417,912],{"class":173},[66,93419,158],{"class":80},[66,93421,60080],{"class":154},[66,93423,158],{"class":80},[66,93425,2433],{"class":117},[66,93427,3210],{"class":80},[66,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446,93448],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93431,155],{"class":154},[66,93433,158],{"class":80},[66,93435,912],{"class":173},[66,93437,158],{"class":80},[66,93439,174],{"class":173},[66,93441,158],{"class":80},[66,93443,60080],{"class":154},[66,93445,158],{"class":80},[66,93447,2433],{"class":117},[66,93449,93450],{"class":80},"))))\n",[20,93452,187],{},[57,93454,93456],{"className":59,"code":93455,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93457,93458,93472],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93459,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93461,954],{"class":76},[66,93463,958],{"class":957},[66,93465,211],{"class":84},[66,93467,60080],{"class":88},[66,93469,202],{"class":84},[66,93471,967],{"class":76},[66,93473,93474,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93475,954],{"class":76},[66,93477,958],{"class":957},[66,93479,211],{"class":84},[66,93481,174],{"class":88},[66,93483,202],{"class":84},[66,93485,967],{"class":76},[20,93487,93488,93489,93491,93492,50],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93490,36269],{}," works, see ",[652,93493,3870,93494,3803],{"href":93147},[15,93495,36269],{},[52,93497,250,93499,93501],{"id":93498},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93500,36269],{}," gives you",[20,93503,93504,93506,93507,93509],{},[15,93505,36269],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93508,1061],{}," loops.",[30,93511,93512,93515,93518,93521],{},[33,93513,93514],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93516,93517],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93519,93520],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93522,93523,93524],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93525,93526],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93528,281],{},[57,93530,93532],{"className":59,"code":93531,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93533,93534,93550],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93535,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546,93548],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93537,1061],{"class":1060},[66,93539,69631],{"class":72},[66,93541,1067],{"class":1060},[66,93543,54150],{"class":154},[66,93545,158],{"class":80},[66,93547,2433],{"class":117},[66,93549,8635],{"class":80},[66,93551,93552,93554,93556,93558],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93553,1081],{"class":154},[66,93555,158],{"class":80},[66,93557,36225],{"class":137},[66,93559,163],{"class":80},[20,93561,187],{},[57,93563,93565],{"className":59,"code":93564,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93566,93567,93571,93575,93579,93583],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93568,93569],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93570,47329],{"class":117},[66,93572,93573],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93574,46994],{"class":117},[66,93576,93577],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,93578,17328],{"class":117},[66,93580,93581],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,93582,46694],{"class":117},[66,93584,93585],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,93586,48728],{"class":117},[20,93588,21030,93589,93591],{},[15,93590,90937],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93593,93594,93595,93597,93598,50],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93596,36269],{}," is so common with ",[652,93599,3870,93601,90968],{"href":93600},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93602,1061],{},[20,93604,93605],{},"You can also inspect it:",[57,93607,93609],{"className":59,"code":93608,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93610,93611,93633,93637,93647,93661],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93612,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629,93631],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93614,93302],{"class":72},[66,93616,77],{"class":76},[66,93618,54150],{"class":154},[66,93620,158],{"class":80},[66,93622,2354],{"class":117},[66,93624,105],{"class":80},[66,93626,6297],{"class":117},[66,93628,105],{"class":80},[66,93630,1719],{"class":117},[66,93632,163],{"class":80},[66,93634,93635],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93636,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,93638,93639,93641,93643,93645],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,93640,155],{"class":154},[66,93642,158],{"class":80},[66,93644,60587],{"class":137},[66,93646,163],{"class":80},[66,93648,93649,93651,93653,93655,93657,93659],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,93650,155],{"class":154},[66,93652,158],{"class":80},[66,93654,11445],{"class":154},[66,93656,158],{"class":80},[66,93658,60587],{"class":137},[66,93660,181],{"class":80},[66,93662,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93674],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,93664,155],{"class":154},[66,93666,158],{"class":80},[66,93668,80677],{"class":117},[66,93670,1372],{"class":1060},[66,93672,93673],{"class":137}," r",[66,93675,163],{"class":80},[20,93677,187],{},[57,93679,93681],{"className":59,"code":93680,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93682,93683,93701,93705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93684,93685,93687,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93686,60080],{"class":154},[66,93688,158],{"class":80},[66,93690,2354],{"class":117},[66,93692,105],{"class":80},[66,93694,6297],{"class":117},[66,93696,105],{"class":80},[66,93698,1719],{"class":117},[66,93700,163],{"class":80},[66,93702,93703],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93704,48728],{"class":117},[66,93706,93707],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,93708,4272],{"class":4146},[52,93710,250,93712,93501],{"id":93711},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93713,93163],{},[20,93715,93716,93718],{},[15,93717,93163],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93720,93721,93724,93727,93730],{},[33,93722,93723],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93725,93726],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93728,93729],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93731,93732,93733,93735],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93734,36269],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93737,281],{},[57,93739,93741],{"className":59,"code":93740,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93742,93743,93761,93765,93775],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93744,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93746,1706],{"class":72},[66,93748,77],{"class":76},[66,93750,1656],{"class":173},[66,93752,158],{"class":80},[66,93754,60080],{"class":154},[66,93756,158],{"class":80},[66,93758,2433],{"class":117},[66,93760,181],{"class":80},[66,93762,93763],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93764,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,93766,93767,93769,93771,93773],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,93768,155],{"class":154},[66,93770,158],{"class":80},[66,93772,1735],{"class":137},[66,93774,163],{"class":80},[66,93776,93777,93779,93781,93783,93785,93787],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,93778,155],{"class":154},[66,93780,158],{"class":80},[66,93782,1735],{"class":137},[66,93784,223],{"class":80},[66,93786,2354],{"class":117},[66,93788,218],{"class":80},[20,93790,187],{},[57,93792,93794],{"className":59,"code":93793,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93795,93796,93820],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93797,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93799,223],{"class":80},[66,93801,2021],{"class":117},[66,93803,105],{"class":80},[66,93805,1896],{"class":117},[66,93807,105],{"class":80},[66,93809,1719],{"class":117},[66,93811,105],{"class":80},[66,93813,1724],{"class":117},[66,93815,105],{"class":80},[66,93817,2755],{"class":117},[66,93819,240],{"class":80},[66,93821,93822],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93823,17328],{"class":117},[20,93825,93826],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93828,93829,93830,50],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[652,93831,3870,93832,3803],{"href":64930},[15,93833,817],{},[52,93835,1154,93837],{"id":93836},"when-to-use-range",[15,93838,36269],{},[20,93840,243,93841,1161],{},[15,93842,36269],{},[30,93844,93845,93850,93853,93856],{},[33,93846,93847,93848,91697],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93849,1061],{},[33,93851,93852],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93854,93855],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93857,93858],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93860,281],{},[57,93862,93864],{"className":59,"code":93863,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93865,93866,93886],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93867,93868,93870,93872,93874,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93869,1061],{"class":1060},[66,93871,69631],{"class":72},[66,93873,1067],{"class":1060},[66,93875,54150],{"class":154},[66,93877,158],{"class":80},[66,93879,1714],{"class":117},[66,93881,105],{"class":80},[66,93883,37716],{"class":117},[66,93885,8635],{"class":80},[66,93887,93888,93890,93892,93894,93897,93899,93901,93903],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93889,1081],{"class":154},[66,93891,158],{"class":80},[66,93893,85],{"class":84},[66,93895,93896],{"class":88},"Count:",[66,93898,85],{"class":84},[66,93900,105],{"class":80},[66,93902,36200],{"class":137},[66,93904,163],{"class":80},[20,93906,187],{},[57,93908,93910],{"className":59,"code":93909,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93911,93912,93921,93929,93937,93945],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,93913,93914,93917,93919],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,93915,93916],{"class":72},"Count",[66,93918,94],{"class":80},[66,93920,29680],{"class":117},[66,93922,93923,93925,93927],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,93924,93916],{"class":72},[66,93926,94],{"class":80},[66,93928,45666],{"class":117},[66,93930,93931,93933,93935],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,93932,93916],{"class":72},[66,93934,94],{"class":80},[66,93936,2876],{"class":117},[66,93938,93939,93941,93943],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,93940,93916],{"class":72},[66,93942,94],{"class":80},[66,93944,23916],{"class":117},[66,93946,93947,93949,93951],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,93948,93916],{"class":72},[66,93950,94],{"class":80},[66,93952,34911],{"class":117},[20,93954,93955],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93957,93958,93959,93961,93962,62370,93964,50],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93960,35819],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93963,36670],{},[652,93965,36677,93967,36680],{"href":93966},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93968,35819],{},[52,93970,1154,93972],{"id":93971},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93973,93163],{},[20,93975,243,93976,1161],{},[15,93977,93163],{},[30,93979,93980,93983,93986,93989],{},[33,93981,93982],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93984,93985],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93987,93988],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93990,93991],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93993,281],{},[57,93995,93997],{"className":59,"code":93996,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93998,93999,94017,94031,94035],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94000,94001,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94002,1706],{"class":72},[66,94004,77],{"class":76},[66,94006,1656],{"class":173},[66,94008,158],{"class":80},[66,94010,60080],{"class":154},[66,94012,158],{"class":80},[66,94014,2433],{"class":117},[66,94016,181],{"class":80},[66,94018,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94020,1735],{"class":72},[66,94022,50],{"class":80},[66,94024,13830],{"class":137},[66,94026,158],{"class":80},[66,94028,2433],{"class":117},[66,94030,163],{"class":80},[66,94032,94033],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,94034,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,94036,94037,94039,94041,94043],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,94038,155],{"class":154},[66,94040,158],{"class":80},[66,94042,1735],{"class":137},[66,94044,163],{"class":80},[20,94046,187],{},[57,94048,94050],{"className":59,"code":94049,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94051,94052],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94053,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94055,223],{"class":80},[66,94057,2021],{"class":117},[66,94059,105],{"class":80},[66,94061,1896],{"class":117},[66,94063,105],{"class":80},[66,94065,1719],{"class":117},[66,94067,105],{"class":80},[66,94069,1724],{"class":117},[66,94071,105],{"class":80},[66,94073,2755],{"class":117},[66,94075,105],{"class":80},[66,94077,1231],{"class":117},[66,94079,240],{"class":80},[20,94081,6353,94082,94084],{},[15,94083,1735],{}," is a list.",[52,94086,15870],{"id":15869},[20,94088,94089,94091,94092,50],{},[15,94090,36269],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[185,94093,37670],{},[20,94095,2404],{},[30,94097,94098,94100,94105,94110,94113],{},[33,94099,22240],{},[33,94101,94102,94103],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94104,42436],{},[33,94106,94107,94108],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94109,1067],{},[33,94111,94112],{},"You can index it",[33,94114,94115,94116,94118],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94117,52732],{}," do not work on it",[20,94120,281],{},[57,94122,94124],{"className":59,"code":94123,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94125,94126,94140,94144,94158,94172],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94127,94128,94130,94132,94134,94136,94138],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94129,93302],{"class":72},[66,94131,77],{"class":76},[66,94133,54150],{"class":154},[66,94135,158],{"class":80},[66,94137,2433],{"class":117},[66,94139,163],{"class":80},[66,94141,94142],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94143,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,94145,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154,94156],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,94147,155],{"class":154},[66,94149,158],{"class":80},[66,94151,60587],{"class":137},[66,94153,223],{"class":80},[66,94155,2354],{"class":117},[66,94157,218],{"class":80},[66,94159,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,94161,155],{"class":154},[66,94163,158],{"class":80},[66,94165,11445],{"class":154},[66,94167,158],{"class":80},[66,94169,60587],{"class":137},[66,94171,181],{"class":80},[66,94173,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,94175,155],{"class":154},[66,94177,158],{"class":80},[66,94179,2360],{"class":117},[66,94181,1372],{"class":1060},[66,94183,93673],{"class":137},[66,94185,163],{"class":80},[20,94187,187],{},[57,94189,94191],{"className":59,"code":94190,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94192,94193,94197,94201],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94194,94195],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94196,17328],{"class":117},[66,94198,94199],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94200,3245],{"class":117},[66,94202,94203],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,94204,4272],{"class":4146},[20,94206,94207],{},"Now compare that with this:",[57,94209,94211],{"className":59,"code":94210,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94212,94213,94227],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94214,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94216,93302],{"class":72},[66,94218,77],{"class":76},[66,94220,54150],{"class":154},[66,94222,158],{"class":80},[66,94224,2433],{"class":117},[66,94226,163],{"class":80},[66,94228,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94230,60587],{"class":72},[66,94232,50],{"class":80},[66,94234,13830],{"class":137},[66,94236,158],{"class":80},[66,94238,2433],{"class":117},[66,94240,163],{"class":80},[20,94242,187],{},[57,94244,94246],{"className":59,"code":94245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94247,94248],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94249,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94265,94267,94269],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94251,1747],{"class":173},[66,94253,94],{"class":80},[66,94255,211],{"class":84},[66,94257,60080],{"class":88},[66,94259,202],{"class":84},[66,94261,641],{"class":173},[66,94263,94264],{"class":72}," has no attribute ",[66,94266,202],{"class":84},[66,94268,13830],{"class":88},[66,94270,29765],{"class":84},[20,94272,94273,94274,2487,94276,2491,94278,94280],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94275,52732],{},[15,94277,55609],{},[15,94279,64394],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94282,94283,94284,50],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[652,94285,1755,94286],{"href":35489},[15,94287,34323],{},[52,94289,94291],{"id":94290},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94293,94294],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[57,94296,94297],{"className":59,"code":92773,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94298,94299],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94300,94301,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94302,155],{"class":154},[66,94304,158],{"class":80},[66,94306,60080],{"class":154},[66,94308,158],{"class":80},[66,94310,2433],{"class":117},[66,94312,181],{"class":80},[20,94314,94315],{},"to show:",[57,94317,94318],{"className":59,"code":60103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94319,94320],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94321,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330,94332,94334,94336,94338,94340,94342],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94323,223],{"class":80},[66,94325,2021],{"class":117},[66,94327,105],{"class":80},[66,94329,1896],{"class":117},[66,94331,105],{"class":80},[66,94333,1719],{"class":117},[66,94335,105],{"class":80},[66,94337,1724],{"class":117},[66,94339,105],{"class":80},[66,94341,2755],{"class":117},[66,94343,240],{"class":80},[20,94345,94346],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[57,94348,94349],{"className":59,"code":92794,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94350,94351],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94352,94353,94355,94357,94359,94361,94363],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94354,60080],{"class":154},[66,94356,158],{"class":80},[66,94358,2021],{"class":117},[66,94360,105],{"class":80},[66,94362,1231],{"class":117},[66,94364,163],{"class":80},[20,94366,4923,94367,94369],{},[185,94368,4926],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94371,94372,94373,94375],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[185,94374,93181],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94377,94378],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[57,94380,94381],{"className":59,"code":91130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94382,94383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94384,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94386,155],{"class":154},[66,94388,158],{"class":80},[66,94390,174],{"class":173},[66,94392,158],{"class":80},[66,94394,60080],{"class":154},[66,94396,158],{"class":80},[66,94398,2433],{"class":117},[66,94400,3210],{"class":80},[20,94402,187],{},[57,94404,94405],{"className":59,"code":60103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94406,94407],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94408,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94410,223],{"class":80},[66,94412,2021],{"class":117},[66,94414,105],{"class":80},[66,94416,1896],{"class":117},[66,94418,105],{"class":80},[66,94420,1719],{"class":117},[66,94422,105],{"class":80},[66,94424,1724],{"class":117},[66,94426,105],{"class":80},[66,94428,2755],{"class":117},[66,94430,240],{"class":80},[52,94432,1838],{"id":1837},[20,94434,94435],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,94437,94438,94444,94447,94453],{},[33,94439,1848,94440,94443],{},[15,94441,94442],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94445,94446],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94448,94449,94450,94452],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94451,36269],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94454,1848,94455,94457,94458,94460],{},[15,94456,93163],{}," when plain ",[15,94459,36269],{}," would be simpler",[20,94462,94463],{},"These quick checks can help:",[57,94465,94467],{"className":59,"code":94466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94468,94469,94483,94501,94519,94541,94559],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94470,94471,94473,94475,94477,94479,94481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94472,155],{"class":154},[66,94474,158],{"class":80},[66,94476,60080],{"class":154},[66,94478,158],{"class":80},[66,94480,2433],{"class":117},[66,94482,181],{"class":80},[66,94484,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94486,155],{"class":154},[66,94488,158],{"class":80},[66,94490,174],{"class":173},[66,94492,158],{"class":80},[66,94494,60080],{"class":154},[66,94496,158],{"class":80},[66,94498,2433],{"class":117},[66,94500,3210],{"class":80},[66,94502,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513,94515,94517],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,94504,155],{"class":154},[66,94506,158],{"class":80},[66,94508,912],{"class":173},[66,94510,158],{"class":80},[66,94512,60080],{"class":154},[66,94514,158],{"class":80},[66,94516,2433],{"class":117},[66,94518,3210],{"class":80},[66,94520,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531,94533,94535,94537,94539],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,94522,155],{"class":154},[66,94524,158],{"class":80},[66,94526,912],{"class":173},[66,94528,158],{"class":80},[66,94530,174],{"class":173},[66,94532,158],{"class":80},[66,94534,60080],{"class":154},[66,94536,158],{"class":80},[66,94538,2433],{"class":117},[66,94540,93450],{"class":80},[66,94542,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,94544,155],{"class":154},[66,94546,158],{"class":80},[66,94548,2360],{"class":117},[66,94550,1372],{"class":1060},[66,94552,54150],{"class":154},[66,94554,158],{"class":80},[66,94556,2433],{"class":117},[66,94558,181],{"class":80},[66,94560,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571,94573,94575],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,94562,155],{"class":154},[66,94564,158],{"class":80},[66,94566,11445],{"class":154},[66,94568,158],{"class":80},[66,94570,60080],{"class":154},[66,94572,158],{"class":80},[66,94574,2433],{"class":117},[66,94576,3210],{"class":80},[20,94578,187],{},[57,94580,94582],{"className":59,"code":94581,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94583,94584,94598,94622,94636,94650,94654],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94585,94586,94588,94590,94592,94594,94596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94587,60080],{"class":154},[66,94589,158],{"class":80},[66,94591,2021],{"class":117},[66,94593,105],{"class":80},[66,94595,1231],{"class":117},[66,94597,163],{"class":80},[66,94599,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612,94614,94616,94618,94620],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94601,223],{"class":80},[66,94603,2021],{"class":117},[66,94605,105],{"class":80},[66,94607,1896],{"class":117},[66,94609,105],{"class":80},[66,94611,1719],{"class":117},[66,94613,105],{"class":80},[66,94615,1724],{"class":117},[66,94617,105],{"class":80},[66,94619,2755],{"class":117},[66,94621,240],{"class":80},[66,94623,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,94625,954],{"class":76},[66,94627,958],{"class":957},[66,94629,211],{"class":84},[66,94631,60080],{"class":88},[66,94633,202],{"class":84},[66,94635,967],{"class":76},[66,94637,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646,94648],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,94639,954],{"class":76},[66,94641,958],{"class":957},[66,94643,211],{"class":84},[66,94645,174],{"class":88},[66,94647,202],{"class":84},[66,94649,967],{"class":76},[66,94651,94652],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,94653,4272],{"class":4146},[66,94655,94656],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,94657,3245],{"class":117},[52,94659,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,94661,2131,94663,94665],{"id":94662},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94664,36269],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94667,46442,94668,94670],{},[15,94669,36269],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1430,94672,94674,94675,11376,94677,2151],{"id":94673},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94676,36269],{},[15,94678,93163],{},[20,94680,94681,94683,94684,94686],{},[15,94682,36269],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94685,93163],{}," creates a full list.",[1430,94688,94690],{"id":94689},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94692,94693],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94695,281],{},[57,94697,94699],{"className":59,"code":94698,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94700,94701,94715],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94702,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94704,93302],{"class":72},[66,94706,77],{"class":76},[66,94708,54150],{"class":154},[66,94710,158],{"class":80},[66,94712,2433],{"class":117},[66,94714,163],{"class":80},[66,94716,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94718,155],{"class":154},[66,94720,158],{"class":80},[66,94722,60587],{"class":137},[66,94724,223],{"class":80},[66,94726,1714],{"class":117},[66,94728,218],{"class":80},[20,94730,187],{},[57,94732,94733],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,94734,94735],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94736,94737],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94738,46994],{"class":117},[1430,94740,5453,94742,94744],{"id":94741},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94743,94442],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94746,94747,94748,94751],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94749,94750],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1430,94753,94755,94756,94758],{"id":94754},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94757,36269],{}," to a list?",[20,94760,94761],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[52,94763,2183],{"id":2182},[30,94765,94766,94772,94778,94785,94791],{},[33,94767,94768],{},[652,94769,3870,94770,3803],{"href":93147},[15,94771,36269],{},[33,94773,94774],{},[652,94775,3870,94776,3803],{"href":64930},[15,94777,817],{},[33,94779,94780],{},[652,94781,3870,94782,94784],{"href":93600},[15,94783,1061],{}," loops explained",[33,94786,94787],{},[652,94788,37591,94789,36680],{"href":93966},[15,94790,35819],{},[33,94792,94793],{},[652,94794,2218,94795],{"href":35489},[15,94796,34323],{},[2222,94798,94799],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":94801},[94802,94803,94804,94806,94808,94810,94812,94813,94814,94815,94826],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":93266,"depth":124,"text":93267},{"id":93498,"depth":124,"text":94805},"What range() gives you",{"id":93711,"depth":124,"text":94807},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93836,"depth":124,"text":94809},"When to use range()",{"id":93971,"depth":124,"text":94811},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15869,"depth":124,"text":15870},{"id":94290,"depth":124,"text":94291},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":94816},[94817,94819,94821,94822,94824],{"id":94662,"depth":144,"text":94818},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94673,"depth":144,"text":94820},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94689,"depth":144,"text":94690},{"id":94741,"depth":144,"text":94823},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94754,"depth":144,"text":94825},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93153,"description":94827},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94834,"title":94835,"body":94836,"description":96272,"extension":2260,"meta":96273,"navigation":147,"path":96274,"seo":96275,"stem":96276,"__hash__":96277},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94837,"toc":96238},[94838,94844,94849,94852,94866,94869,94871,94910,94912,94925,94933,94938,94954,94957,94959,94961,94982,94999,95002,95061,95063,95082,95087,95093,95096,95130,95132,95145,95148,95193,95195,95218,95225,95231,95234,95275,95277,95291,95294,95352,95354,95369,95382,95388,95394,95459,95461,95480,95482,95500,95503,95507,95513,95515,95548,95550,95563,95573,95576,95637,95639,95660,95663,95665,95681,95686,95690,95695,95700,95756,95758,95776,95779,95824,95826,95834,95839,95843,95857,95859,95891,95893,95902,95904,95908,95917,95920,95952,95954,95966,95969,95973,95978,96019,96021,96029,96032,96055,96059,96061,96070,96073,96126,96128,96137,96141,96146,96157,96159,96168,96171,96177,96180,96186,96196,96204,96211,96213,96235],[10,94839,3870,94841,3874],{"id":94840},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94842,94843],{},"round()",[20,94845,9416,94846,94848],{},[15,94847,94843],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94850,94851],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94853,94854,94860],{},[33,94855,94856,94859],{},[15,94857,94858],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94861,94862,94865],{},[15,94863,94864],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94867,94868],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[52,94870,55],{"id":54},[57,94872,94874],{"className":59,"code":94873,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94875,94876,94892],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94877,94878,94880,94882,94885,94887,94890],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94879,155],{"class":154},[66,94881,158],{"class":80},[66,94883,94884],{"class":154},"round",[66,94886,158],{"class":80},[66,94888,94889],{"class":117},"3.14159",[66,94891,181],{"class":80},[66,94893,94894,94896,94898,94900,94902,94904,94906,94908],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94895,155],{"class":154},[66,94897,158],{"class":80},[66,94899,94884],{"class":154},[66,94901,158],{"class":80},[66,94903,94889],{"class":117},[66,94905,105],{"class":80},[66,94907,1719],{"class":117},[66,94909,181],{"class":80},[20,94911,187],{},[57,94913,94915],{"className":59,"code":94914,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94916,94917,94921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94918,94919],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94920,46694],{"class":117},[66,94922,94923],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,94924,40251],{"class":117},[20,94926,243,94927,94929,94930,94932],{},[15,94928,94858],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94931,94864],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[52,94934,250,94936,253],{"id":94935},"what-round-does",[15,94937,94843],{},[30,94939,94940,94945,94948,94951],{},[33,94941,94942,94944],{},[15,94943,94843],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94946,94947],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94949,94950],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94952,94953],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94955,94956],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[52,94958,2455],{"id":2454},[20,94960,662],{},[57,94962,94964],{"className":59,"code":94963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94965,94966],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,94967,94968,94970,94972,94974,94977,94980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,94969,94884],{"class":154},[66,94971,158],{"class":80},[66,94973,2537],{"class":137},[66,94975,94976],{"class":80},"[,",[66,94978,94979],{"class":137}," ndigits",[66,94981,218],{"class":80},[30,94983,94984,94989,94994],{},[33,94985,94986,94988],{},[15,94987,2537],{}," is the value to round",[33,94990,94991,20298],{},[15,94992,94993],{},"ndigits",[33,94995,94996,94998],{},[15,94997,94993],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95000,95001],{},"Basic examples:",[57,95003,95005],{"className":59,"code":95004,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95006,95007,95022,95040],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95008,95009,95011,95013,95015,95017,95020],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95010,155],{"class":154},[66,95012,158],{"class":80},[66,95014,94884],{"class":154},[66,95016,158],{"class":80},[66,95018,95019],{"class":117},"7.8",[66,95021,181],{"class":80},[66,95023,95024,95026,95028,95030,95032,95034,95036,95038],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95025,155],{"class":154},[66,95027,158],{"class":80},[66,95029,94884],{"class":154},[66,95031,158],{"class":80},[66,95033,95019],{"class":117},[66,95035,105],{"class":80},[66,95037,1896],{"class":117},[66,95039,181],{"class":80},[66,95041,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050,95053,95055,95057,95059],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95043,155],{"class":154},[66,95045,158],{"class":80},[66,95047,94884],{"class":154},[66,95049,158],{"class":80},[66,95051,95052],{"class":117},"1234",[66,95054,105],{"class":80},[66,95056,2520],{"class":76},[66,95058,2354],{"class":117},[66,95060,181],{"class":80},[20,95062,187],{},[57,95064,95066],{"className":59,"code":95065,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95067,95068,95072,95077],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95069,95070],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95071,2679],{"class":117},[66,95073,95074],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95075,95076],{"class":117},"7.8\n",[66,95078,95079],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95080,95081],{"class":117},"1200\n",[20,95083,95084,95085,50],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[652,95086,2718],{"href":2717},[52,95088,1848,95090,95092],{"id":95089},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95091,94843],{}," with one argument",[20,95094,95095],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[57,95097,95099],{"className":59,"code":95098,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95100,95101,95115],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95102,95103,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95104,155],{"class":154},[66,95106,158],{"class":80},[66,95108,94884],{"class":154},[66,95110,158],{"class":80},[66,95112,2660],{"class":117},[66,95114,181],{"class":80},[66,95116,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125,95128],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95118,155],{"class":154},[66,95120,158],{"class":80},[66,95122,94884],{"class":154},[66,95124,158],{"class":80},[66,95126,95127],{"class":117},"4.8",[66,95129,181],{"class":80},[20,95131,187],{},[57,95133,95135],{"className":59,"code":95134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4\n5\n",[15,95136,95137,95141],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95138,95139],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95140,48728],{"class":117},[66,95142,95143],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95144,3245],{"class":117},[20,95146,95147],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[57,95149,95151],{"className":59,"code":95150,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95152,95153,95169,95179],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95154,95155,95157,95159,95162,95164,95167],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95156,877],{"class":72},[66,95158,77],{"class":76},[66,95160,95161],{"class":154}," round",[66,95163,158],{"class":80},[66,95165,95166],{"class":117},"10.2",[66,95168,163],{"class":80},[66,95170,95171,95173,95175,95177],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95172,155],{"class":154},[66,95174,158],{"class":80},[66,95176,901],{"class":137},[66,95178,163],{"class":80},[66,95180,95181,95183,95185,95187,95189,95191],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95182,155],{"class":154},[66,95184,158],{"class":80},[66,95186,912],{"class":173},[66,95188,158],{"class":80},[66,95190,901],{"class":137},[66,95192,181],{"class":80},[20,95194,187],{},[57,95196,95198],{"className":59,"code":95197,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95199,95200,95204],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95201,95202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95203,2674],{"class":117},[66,95205,95206,95208,95210,95212,95214,95216],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95207,954],{"class":76},[66,95209,958],{"class":957},[66,95211,211],{"class":84},[66,95213,2486],{"class":88},[66,95215,202],{"class":84},[66,95217,967],{"class":76},[20,95219,95220,95221,50],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[652,95222,3870,95223,3803],{"href":3172},[15,95224,3175],{},[52,95226,1848,95228,95230],{"id":95227},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95229,94843],{}," with decimal places",[20,95232,95233],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[57,95235,95237],{"className":59,"code":95236,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95238,95239,95257],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95240,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95242,155],{"class":154},[66,95244,158],{"class":80},[66,95246,94884],{"class":154},[66,95248,158],{"class":80},[66,95250,94889],{"class":117},[66,95252,105],{"class":80},[66,95254,1719],{"class":117},[66,95256,181],{"class":80},[66,95258,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95260,155],{"class":154},[66,95262,158],{"class":80},[66,95264,94884],{"class":154},[66,95266,158],{"class":80},[66,95268,94889],{"class":117},[66,95270,105],{"class":80},[66,95272,1724],{"class":117},[66,95274,181],{"class":80},[20,95276,187],{},[57,95278,95280],{"className":59,"code":95279,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95281,95282,95286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95283,95284],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95285,40251],{"class":117},[66,95287,95288],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95289,95290],{"class":117},"3.142\n",[20,95292,95293],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[57,95295,95297],{"className":59,"code":95296,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95298,95299,95308,95327,95331,95341],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95300,95301,95303,95305],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95302,40461],{"class":72},[66,95304,77],{"class":76},[66,95306,95307],{"class":117}," 19.9876\n",[66,95309,95310,95313,95315,95317,95319,95321,95323,95325],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95311,95312],{"class":72},"rounded_price ",[66,95314,77],{"class":76},[66,95316,95161],{"class":154},[66,95318,158],{"class":80},[66,95320,1210],{"class":137},[66,95322,105],{"class":80},[66,95324,1719],{"class":117},[66,95326,163],{"class":80},[66,95328,95329],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95330,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,95332,95333,95335,95337,95339],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,95334,155],{"class":154},[66,95336,158],{"class":80},[66,95338,1210],{"class":137},[66,95340,163],{"class":80},[66,95342,95343,95345,95347,95350],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,95344,155],{"class":154},[66,95346,158],{"class":80},[66,95348,95349],{"class":137},"rounded_price",[66,95351,163],{"class":80},[20,95353,187],{},[57,95355,95357],{"className":59,"code":95356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95358,95359,95364],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95360,95361],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95362,95363],{"class":117},"19.9876\n",[66,95365,95366],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95367,95368],{"class":117},"19.99\n",[20,95370,95371,95372,95375,95376,3176,95378,50],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95373,95374],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[652,95377,40966],{"href":40965},[652,95379,3870,95380,3803],{"href":3179},[15,95381,3182],{},[52,95383,95385,95386],{"id":95384},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95387,94993],{},[20,95389,95390,95391,95393],{},"A negative ",[15,95392,94993],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[57,95395,95397],{"className":59,"code":95396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95398,95399,95419,95439],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95400,95401,95403,95405,95407,95409,95411,95413,95415,95417],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95402,155],{"class":154},[66,95404,158],{"class":80},[66,95406,94884],{"class":154},[66,95408,158],{"class":80},[66,95410,95052],{"class":117},[66,95412,105],{"class":80},[66,95414,2520],{"class":76},[66,95416,1714],{"class":117},[66,95418,181],{"class":80},[66,95420,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431,95433,95435,95437],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95422,155],{"class":154},[66,95424,158],{"class":80},[66,95426,94884],{"class":154},[66,95428,158],{"class":80},[66,95430,95052],{"class":117},[66,95432,105],{"class":80},[66,95434,2520],{"class":76},[66,95436,2354],{"class":117},[66,95438,181],{"class":80},[66,95440,95441,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451,95453,95455,95457],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95442,155],{"class":154},[66,95444,158],{"class":80},[66,95446,94884],{"class":154},[66,95448,158],{"class":80},[66,95450,95052],{"class":117},[66,95452,105],{"class":80},[66,95454,2520],{"class":76},[66,95456,2360],{"class":117},[66,95458,181],{"class":80},[20,95460,187],{},[57,95462,95464],{"className":59,"code":95463,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95465,95466,95471,95475],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95467,95468],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95469,95470],{"class":117},"1230\n",[66,95472,95473],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95474,95081],{"class":117},[66,95476,95477],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95478,95479],{"class":117},"1000\n",[20,95481,65667],{},[30,95483,95484,95489,95495],{},[33,95485,95486,95488],{},[15,95487,65937],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95490,95491,95494],{},[15,95492,95493],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95496,95497,95499],{},[15,95498,47748],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95501,95502],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[52,95504,95506],{"id":95505},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95508,95509,95510,50],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95511,95512],{},".5",[20,95514,5767],{},[57,95516,95518],{"className":59,"code":95517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95519,95520,95534],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95521,95522,95524,95526,95528,95530,95532],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95523,155],{"class":154},[66,95525,158],{"class":80},[66,95527,94884],{"class":154},[66,95529,158],{"class":80},[66,95531,41233],{"class":117},[66,95533,181],{"class":80},[66,95535,95536,95538,95540,95542,95544,95546],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95537,155],{"class":154},[66,95539,158],{"class":80},[66,95541,94884],{"class":154},[66,95543,158],{"class":80},[66,95545,2337],{"class":117},[66,95547,181],{"class":80},[20,95549,187],{},[57,95551,95553],{"className":59,"code":95552,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2\n4\n",[15,95554,95555,95559],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95556,95557],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95558,17328],{"class":117},[66,95560,95561],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95562,48728],{"class":117},[20,95564,95565,95566,95569,95570,95572],{},"Python uses ",[185,95567,95568],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95571,95512],{}," situations.",[20,95574,95575],{},"More examples:",[57,95577,95579],{"className":59,"code":95578,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95580,95581,95595,95609,95623],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95582,95583,95585,95587,95589,95591,95593],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95584,155],{"class":154},[66,95586,158],{"class":80},[66,95588,94884],{"class":154},[66,95590,158],{"class":80},[66,95592,41246],{"class":117},[66,95594,181],{"class":80},[66,95596,95597,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95598,155],{"class":154},[66,95600,158],{"class":80},[66,95602,94884],{"class":154},[66,95604,158],{"class":80},[66,95606,41233],{"class":117},[66,95608,181],{"class":80},[66,95610,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619,95621],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95612,155],{"class":154},[66,95614,158],{"class":80},[66,95616,94884],{"class":154},[66,95618,158],{"class":80},[66,95620,2337],{"class":117},[66,95622,181],{"class":80},[66,95624,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,95626,155],{"class":154},[66,95628,158],{"class":80},[66,95630,94884],{"class":154},[66,95632,158],{"class":80},[66,95634,41198],{"class":117},[66,95636,181],{"class":80},[20,95638,187],{},[57,95640,95642],{"className":59,"code":95641,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95643,95644,95648,95652,95656],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95645,95646],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95647,17328],{"class":117},[66,95649,95650],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95651,17328],{"class":117},[66,95653,95654],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95655,48728],{"class":117},[66,95657,95658],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,95659,48728],{"class":117},[20,95661,95662],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95664,10998],{},[30,95666,95667,95674],{},[33,95668,95669,2430,95672],{},[15,95670,95671],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95673,2354],{},[33,95675,95676,2430,95679],{},[15,95677,95678],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95680,2803],{},[20,95682,3467,95683,95685],{},[15,95684,95512],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[52,95687,95689],{"id":95688},"return-values","Return values",[20,95691,95692,95694],{},[15,95693,94843],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95696,40980,95697,95699],{},[185,95698,4926],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[57,95701,95703],{"className":59,"code":95702,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95704,95705,95714,95718,95728,95746],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95706,95707,95709,95711],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95708,2745],{"class":72},[66,95710,77],{"class":76},[66,95712,95713],{"class":117}," 3.14159\n",[66,95715,95716],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95717,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,95719,95720,95722,95724,95726],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95721,155],{"class":154},[66,95723,158],{"class":80},[66,95725,2771],{"class":137},[66,95727,163],{"class":80},[66,95729,95730,95732,95734,95736,95738,95740,95742,95744],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,95731,155],{"class":154},[66,95733,158],{"class":80},[66,95735,94884],{"class":154},[66,95737,158],{"class":80},[66,95739,2771],{"class":137},[66,95741,105],{"class":80},[66,95743,1719],{"class":117},[66,95745,181],{"class":80},[66,95747,95748,95750,95752,95754],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,95749,155],{"class":154},[66,95751,158],{"class":80},[66,95753,2771],{"class":137},[66,95755,163],{"class":80},[20,95757,187],{},[57,95759,95761],{"className":59,"code":95760,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95762,95763,95768,95772],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95764,95765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95766,95767],{"class":117},"3.14159\n",[66,95769,95770],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95771,40251],{"class":117},[66,95773,95774],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95775,95767],{"class":117},[20,95777,95778],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[57,95780,95782],{"className":59,"code":95781,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95783,95784,95792,95810,95814],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95785,95786,95788,95790],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95787,2745],{"class":72},[66,95789,77],{"class":76},[66,95791,95713],{"class":117},[66,95793,95794,95796,95798,95800,95802,95804,95806,95808],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95795,2745],{"class":72},[66,95797,77],{"class":76},[66,95799,95161],{"class":154},[66,95801,158],{"class":80},[66,95803,2771],{"class":137},[66,95805,105],{"class":80},[66,95807,1719],{"class":117},[66,95809,163],{"class":80},[66,95811,95812],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,95813,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,95815,95816,95818,95820,95822],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,95817,155],{"class":154},[66,95819,158],{"class":80},[66,95821,2771],{"class":137},[66,95823,163],{"class":80},[20,95825,187],{},[57,95827,95828],{"className":59,"code":40251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,95829,95830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95831,95832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95833,40251],{"class":117},[52,95835,1154,95837],{"id":95836},"when-to-use-round",[15,95838,94843],{},[20,95840,243,95841,6610],{},[15,95842,94843],{},[30,95844,95845,95848,95851,95854],{},[33,95846,95847],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95849,95850],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95852,95853],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95855,95856],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95858,5767],{},[57,95860,95862],{"className":59,"code":95861,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95863,95864,95873],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95865,95866,95868,95870],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95867,2895],{"class":72},[66,95869,77],{"class":76},[66,95871,95872],{"class":117}," 12.67891\n",[66,95874,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883,95885,95887,95889],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95876,155],{"class":154},[66,95878,158],{"class":80},[66,95880,94884],{"class":154},[66,95882,158],{"class":80},[66,95884,2918],{"class":137},[66,95886,105],{"class":80},[66,95888,1719],{"class":117},[66,95890,181],{"class":80},[20,95892,187],{},[57,95894,95896],{"className":59,"code":95895,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"12.68\n",[15,95897,95898],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95899,95900],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95901,95895],{"class":117},[52,95903,1838],{"id":1837},[20,95905,23347,95906,50],{},[15,95907,94843],{},[1430,95909,1433,95911,95913,95914,95916],{"id":95910},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95912,94843],{}," to always round ",[15,95915,95512],{}," upward",[20,95918,95919],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[57,95921,95922],{"className":59,"code":95517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,95923,95924,95938],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95925,95926,95928,95930,95932,95934,95936],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95927,155],{"class":154},[66,95929,158],{"class":80},[66,95931,94884],{"class":154},[66,95933,158],{"class":80},[66,95935,41233],{"class":117},[66,95937,181],{"class":80},[66,95939,95940,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95941,155],{"class":154},[66,95943,158],{"class":80},[66,95945,94884],{"class":154},[66,95947,158],{"class":80},[66,95949,2337],{"class":117},[66,95951,181],{"class":80},[20,95953,187],{},[57,95955,95956],{"className":59,"code":95552,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,95957,95958,95962],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95959,95960],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95961,17328],{"class":117},[66,95963,95964],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95965,48728],{"class":117},[20,95967,95968],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1430,95970,95972],{"id":95971},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95974,95975,95977],{},[15,95976,94843],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[57,95979,95981],{"className":59,"code":95980,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95982,95983,95991,96005,96009],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,95984,95985,95987,95989],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,95986,2745],{"class":72},[66,95988,77],{"class":76},[66,95990,95713],{"class":117},[66,95992,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001,96003],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,95994,94884],{"class":154},[66,95996,158],{"class":80},[66,95998,2771],{"class":137},[66,96000,105],{"class":80},[66,96002,1719],{"class":117},[66,96004,163],{"class":80},[66,96006,96007],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,96008,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,96010,96011,96013,96015,96017],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,96012,155],{"class":154},[66,96014,158],{"class":80},[66,96016,2771],{"class":137},[66,96018,163],{"class":80},[20,96020,187],{},[57,96022,96023],{"className":59,"code":95767,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,96024,96025],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96026,96027],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96028,95767],{"class":117},[20,96030,96031],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[57,96033,96035],{"className":59,"code":96034,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96036,96037],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96038,96039,96041,96043,96045,96047,96049,96051,96053],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96040,2745],{"class":72},[66,96042,77],{"class":76},[66,96044,95161],{"class":154},[66,96046,158],{"class":80},[66,96048,2771],{"class":137},[66,96050,105],{"class":80},[66,96052,1719],{"class":117},[66,96054,163],{"class":80},[1430,96056,96058],{"id":96057},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96060,16675],{},[57,96062,96064],{"className":59,"code":96063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96065,96066],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96067,96068],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96069,96063],{"class":1945},[20,96071,96072],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[57,96074,96076],{"className":59,"code":96075,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96077,96078,96090,96104,96108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96079,96080,96082,96084,96086,96088],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96081,34756],{"class":72},[66,96083,77],{"class":76},[66,96085,97],{"class":84},[66,96087,40217],{"class":88},[66,96089,376],{"class":84},[66,96091,96092,96094,96096,96098,96100,96102],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,96093,2515],{"class":72},[66,96095,77],{"class":76},[66,96097,40329],{"class":173},[66,96099,158],{"class":80},[66,96101,34777],{"class":137},[66,96103,163],{"class":80},[66,96105,96106],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,96107,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,96109,96110,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,96111,155],{"class":154},[66,96113,158],{"class":80},[66,96115,94884],{"class":154},[66,96117,158],{"class":80},[66,96119,2537],{"class":137},[66,96121,105],{"class":80},[66,96123,1896],{"class":117},[66,96125,181],{"class":80},[20,96127,187],{},[57,96129,96131],{"className":59,"code":96130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.1\n",[15,96132,96133],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96134,96135],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96136,96130],{"class":117},[1430,96138,96140],{"id":96139},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96142,96143,96145],{},[15,96144,94843],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96147,96148,96149,3176,96153,50],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[652,96150,96151],{"href":3179},[15,96152,3182],{},[652,96154,96155],{"href":3172},[15,96156,3175],{},[52,96158,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,96160,12986,96162,96164,96165,96167],{"id":96161},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96163,94843],{}," always round ",[15,96166,40288],{}," up?",[20,96169,96170],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1430,96172,12986,96174,96176],{"id":96173},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96175,94843],{}," change the original number?",[20,96178,96179],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1430,96181,5465,96183,96185],{"id":96182},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96184,94843],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96187,96188,96189,96191,96192,3176,96194,50],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96190,94993],{}," value like ",[15,96193,65937],{},[15,96195,95493],{},[1430,96197,28393,96199,96201,96202,2151],{"id":96198},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96200,94843],{}," on a string like ",[15,96203,48172],{},[20,96205,96206,96207,3176,96209,50],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96208,3182],{},[15,96210,3175],{},[52,96212,2183],{"id":2182},[30,96214,96215,96221,96227,96231],{},[33,96216,96217],{},[652,96218,3870,96219,3803],{"href":3179},[15,96220,3182],{},[33,96222,96223],{},[652,96224,3870,96225,3803],{"href":3172},[15,96226,3175],{},[33,96228,96229],{},[652,96230,2718],{"href":2717},[33,96232,96233],{},[652,96234,42256],{"href":40965},[2222,96236,96237],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":96239},[96240,96241,96243,96244,96246,96248,96250,96251,96252,96254,96261,96271],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":94935,"depth":124,"text":96242},"What round() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":95089,"depth":124,"text":96245},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95227,"depth":124,"text":96247},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95384,"depth":124,"text":96249},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95505,"depth":124,"text":95506},{"id":95688,"depth":124,"text":95689},{"id":95836,"depth":124,"text":96253},"When to use round()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":96255},[96256,96258,96259,96260],{"id":95910,"depth":144,"text":96257},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95971,"depth":144,"text":95972},{"id":96057,"depth":144,"text":96058},{"id":96139,"depth":144,"text":96140},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":96262},[96263,96265,96267,96269],{"id":96161,"depth":144,"text":96264},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96173,"depth":144,"text":96266},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96182,"depth":144,"text":96268},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96198,"depth":144,"text":96270},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94835,"description":96272},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96279,"title":96280,"body":96281,"description":97466,"extension":2260,"meta":97467,"navigation":147,"path":97468,"seo":97469,"stem":97470,"__hash__":97471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96282,"toc":97440},[96283,96290,96296,96299,96301,96350,96354,96379,96384,96389,96394,96408,96419,96421,96440,96442,96458,96461,96472,96474,96476,96537,96541,96574,96581,96588,96591,96624,96627,96631,96634,96687,96691,96712,96718,96725,96732,96793,96801,96878,96882,96894,96903,96905,96911,96917,96921,96974,96977,97035,97039,97047,97050,97054,97057,97067,97069,97166,97169,97180,97183,97226,97230,97254,97257,97263,97265,97269,97294,97296,97363,97372,97374,97380,97385,97389,97392,97396,97403,97407,97412,97414,97431,97437],[10,96284,96286,96287,18],{"id":96285},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96288,96289],{},"add()",[20,96291,96292,96295],{},[15,96293,96294],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96297,96298],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[52,96300,55],{"id":54},[57,96302,96304],{"className":59,"code":96303,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96305,96306,96326,96340],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96307,96308,96310,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96309,1706],{"class":72},[66,96311,77],{"class":76},[66,96313,81],{"class":80},[66,96315,1714],{"class":117},[66,96317,105],{"class":80},[66,96319,1719],{"class":117},[66,96321,105],{"class":80},[66,96323,1724],{"class":117},[66,96325,121],{"class":80},[66,96327,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,96329,1735],{"class":72},[66,96331,50],{"class":80},[66,96333,82189],{"class":137},[66,96335,158],{"class":80},[66,96337,2803],{"class":117},[66,96339,163],{"class":80},[66,96341,96342,96344,96346,96348],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,96343,155],{"class":154},[66,96345,158],{"class":80},[66,96347,1735],{"class":137},[66,96349,163],{"class":80},[20,96351,96352],{},[185,96353,187],{},[57,96355,96357],{"className":59,"code":96356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96358,96359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96360,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96362,9569],{"class":80},[66,96364,1714],{"class":117},[66,96366,105],{"class":80},[66,96368,1719],{"class":117},[66,96370,105],{"class":80},[66,96372,1724],{"class":117},[66,96374,105],{"class":80},[66,96376,2755],{"class":117},[66,96378,121],{"class":80},[20,96380,243,96381,96383],{},[15,96382,96289],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[52,96385,250,96387,253],{"id":96386},"what-setadd-does",[15,96388,96294],{},[20,96390,96391,96393],{},[15,96392,96294],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,96395,96396,96399,96402,96405],{},[33,96397,96398],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,96400,96401],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,96403,96404],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,96406,96407],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96409,96410,96411,3176,96415,50],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[652,96412,96414],{"href":96413},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[652,96416,96418],{"href":96417},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[52,96420,2455],{"id":2454},[57,96422,96424],{"className":59,"code":96423,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96425,96426],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96427,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436,96438],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96429,15940],{"class":72},[66,96431,50],{"class":80},[66,96433,82189],{"class":137},[66,96435,158],{"class":80},[66,96437,23563],{"class":137},[66,96439,163],{"class":80},[20,96441,261],{},[30,96443,96444,96449,96452],{},[33,96445,55989,96446,96448],{},[15,96447,96289],{}," on an existing set",[33,96450,96451],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96453,96454,96455],{},"The item must be ",[185,96456,96457],{},"hashable",[20,96459,96460],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96462,96463,96465,96467,96470],{},[33,96464,56542],{},[33,96466,56545],{},[33,96468,96469],{},"Tuples",[33,96471,40669],{},[52,96473,11756],{"id":11755},[20,96475,11759],{},[57,96477,96479],{"className":59,"code":96478,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96480,96481,96505,96523,96527],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96482,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96484,13356],{"class":72},[66,96486,77],{"class":76},[66,96488,81],{"class":80},[66,96490,85],{"class":84},[66,96492,13373],{"class":88},[66,96494,85],{"class":84},[66,96496,105],{"class":80},[66,96498,97],{"class":84},[66,96500,13390],{"class":88},[66,96502,85],{"class":84},[66,96504,121],{"class":80},[66,96506,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,96508,17763],{"class":72},[66,96510,50],{"class":80},[66,96512,82189],{"class":137},[66,96514,158],{"class":80},[66,96516,85],{"class":84},[66,96518,17716],{"class":88},[66,96520,85],{"class":84},[66,96522,163],{"class":80},[66,96524,96525],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,96526,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,96528,96529,96531,96533,96535],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,96530,155],{"class":154},[66,96532,158],{"class":80},[66,96534,17763],{"class":137},[66,96536,163],{"class":80},[20,96538,96539],{},[185,96540,30095],{},[57,96542,96544],{"className":59,"code":96543,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96545,96546],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96547,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96549,9569],{"class":80},[66,96551,202],{"class":84},[66,96553,13373],{"class":88},[66,96555,202],{"class":84},[66,96557,105],{"class":80},[66,96559,211],{"class":84},[66,96561,17716],{"class":88},[66,96563,202],{"class":84},[66,96565,105],{"class":80},[66,96567,211],{"class":84},[66,96569,13390],{"class":88},[66,96571,202],{"class":84},[66,96573,121],{"class":80},[20,96575,96576,96577,96580],{},"The new value ",[15,96578,96579],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96582,96583,96584,96587],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[185,96585,96586],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96589,96590],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[57,96592,96594],{"className":59,"code":96593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96595,96596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96597,96598,96600,96602,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96599,9569],{"class":80},[66,96601,202],{"class":84},[66,96603,13390],{"class":88},[66,96605,202],{"class":84},[66,96607,105],{"class":80},[66,96609,211],{"class":84},[66,96611,13373],{"class":88},[66,96613,202],{"class":84},[66,96615,105],{"class":80},[66,96617,211],{"class":84},[66,96619,17716],{"class":88},[66,96621,202],{"class":84},[66,96623,121],{"class":80},[20,96625,96626],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[52,96628,96630],{"id":96629},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96632,96633],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[57,96635,96637],{"className":59,"code":96636,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96638,96639,96659,96673,96677],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96640,96641,96643,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653,96655,96657],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96642,1706],{"class":72},[66,96644,77],{"class":76},[66,96646,81],{"class":80},[66,96648,1714],{"class":117},[66,96650,105],{"class":80},[66,96652,1719],{"class":117},[66,96654,105],{"class":80},[66,96656,1724],{"class":117},[66,96658,121],{"class":80},[66,96660,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,96662,1735],{"class":72},[66,96664,50],{"class":80},[66,96666,82189],{"class":137},[66,96668,158],{"class":80},[66,96670,2354],{"class":117},[66,96672,163],{"class":80},[66,96674,96675],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,96676,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,96678,96679,96681,96683,96685],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,96680,155],{"class":154},[66,96682,158],{"class":80},[66,96684,1735],{"class":137},[66,96686,163],{"class":80},[20,96688,96689],{},[185,96690,187],{},[57,96692,96694],{"className":59,"code":96693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96695,96696],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96697,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96699,9569],{"class":80},[66,96701,1714],{"class":117},[66,96703,105],{"class":80},[66,96705,1719],{"class":117},[66,96707,105],{"class":80},[66,96709,1724],{"class":117},[66,96711,121],{"class":80},[20,96713,96714,96715,96717],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96716,2354],{}," was already present.",[52,96719,96721,10871,96723],{"id":96720},"add-vs-update",[15,96722,96289],{},[15,96724,15228],{},[20,96726,243,96727,96729,96730,50],{},[15,96728,96289],{}," when you want to add ",[185,96731,52736],{},[57,96733,96735],{"className":59,"code":96734,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96736,96737,96761,96779,96783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96738,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753,96755,96757,96759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96740,36161],{"class":72},[66,96742,77],{"class":76},[66,96744,81],{"class":80},[66,96746,85],{"class":84},[66,96748,652],{"class":88},[66,96750,85],{"class":84},[66,96752,105],{"class":80},[66,96754,97],{"class":84},[66,96756,1903],{"class":88},[66,96758,85],{"class":84},[66,96760,121],{"class":80},[66,96762,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,96764,36214],{"class":72},[66,96766,50],{"class":80},[66,96768,82189],{"class":137},[66,96770,158],{"class":80},[66,96772,85],{"class":84},[66,96774,10027],{"class":88},[66,96776,85],{"class":84},[66,96778,163],{"class":80},[66,96780,96781],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,96782,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,96784,96785,96787,96789,96791],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,96786,155],{"class":154},[66,96788,158],{"class":80},[66,96790,36214],{"class":137},[66,96792,163],{"class":80},[20,96794,243,96795,96729,96797,96800],{},[15,96796,15228],{},[185,96798,96799],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[57,96802,96804],{"className":59,"code":96803,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96805,96806,96830,96864,96868],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96807,96808,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96809,36161],{"class":72},[66,96811,77],{"class":76},[66,96813,81],{"class":80},[66,96815,85],{"class":84},[66,96817,652],{"class":88},[66,96819,85],{"class":84},[66,96821,105],{"class":80},[66,96823,97],{"class":84},[66,96825,1903],{"class":88},[66,96827,85],{"class":84},[66,96829,121],{"class":80},[66,96831,96832,96834,96836,96838,96840,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,96833,36214],{"class":72},[66,96835,50],{"class":80},[66,96837,30530],{"class":137},[66,96839,199],{"class":80},[66,96841,85],{"class":84},[66,96843,10027],{"class":88},[66,96845,85],{"class":84},[66,96847,105],{"class":80},[66,96849,97],{"class":84},[66,96851,19027],{"class":88},[66,96853,85],{"class":84},[66,96855,105],{"class":80},[66,96857,97],{"class":84},[66,96859,60529],{"class":88},[66,96861,85],{"class":84},[66,96863,218],{"class":80},[66,96865,96866],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,96867,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,96869,96870,96872,96874,96876],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,96871,155],{"class":154},[66,96873,158],{"class":80},[66,96875,36214],{"class":137},[66,96877,163],{"class":80},[1430,96879,96881],{"id":96880},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96883,96884,96889],{},[33,96885,96886,96888],{},[15,96887,96289],{}," adds one item",[33,96890,96891,96893],{},[15,96892,15228],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96895,96896,96897,50],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[652,96898,96900,96901,978],{"href":96899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96902,15228],{},[52,96904,793],{"id":792},[20,96906,96907,2695,96909,50],{},[15,96908,96294],{},[15,96910,4071],{},[20,96912,96913,96914,96916],{},"That means you should ",[185,96915,4926],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1430,96918,96920],{"id":96919},"correct","Correct",[57,96922,96924],{"className":59,"code":96923,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96925,96926,96946,96960,96964],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96927,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940,96942,96944],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96929,15902],{"class":72},[66,96931,77],{"class":76},[66,96933,81],{"class":80},[66,96935,1714],{"class":117},[66,96937,105],{"class":80},[66,96939,1719],{"class":117},[66,96941,105],{"class":80},[66,96943,1724],{"class":117},[66,96945,121],{"class":80},[66,96947,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,96949,15940],{"class":72},[66,96951,50],{"class":80},[66,96953,82189],{"class":137},[66,96955,158],{"class":80},[66,96957,2803],{"class":117},[66,96959,163],{"class":80},[66,96961,96962],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,96963,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,96965,96966,96968,96970,96972],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,96967,155],{"class":154},[66,96969,158],{"class":80},[66,96971,15940],{"class":137},[66,96973,163],{"class":80},[1430,96975,96976],{"id":61851},"Wrong",[57,96978,96980],{"className":59,"code":96979,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96981,96982,97002,97021,97025],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,96983,96984,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,96985,15902],{"class":72},[66,96987,77],{"class":76},[66,96989,81],{"class":80},[66,96991,1714],{"class":117},[66,96993,105],{"class":80},[66,96995,1719],{"class":117},[66,96997,105],{"class":80},[66,96999,1724],{"class":117},[66,97001,121],{"class":80},[66,97003,97004,97006,97008,97011,97013,97015,97017,97019],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97005,15902],{"class":72},[66,97007,77],{"class":76},[66,97009,97010],{"class":72}," my_set",[66,97012,50],{"class":80},[66,97014,82189],{"class":137},[66,97016,158],{"class":80},[66,97018,2803],{"class":117},[66,97020,163],{"class":80},[66,97022,97023],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,97024,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97026,97027,97029,97031,97033],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,97028,155],{"class":154},[66,97030,158],{"class":80},[66,97032,15940],{"class":137},[66,97034,163],{"class":80},[20,97036,97037],{},[185,97038,187],{},[57,97040,97041],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,97042,97043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97044,97045],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97046,12089],{"class":4146},[20,97048,97049],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[52,97051,97053],{"id":97052},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97055,97056],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,97058,97059,97061,97063,97065],{},[33,97060,56542],{},[33,97062,56545],{},[33,97064,96469],{},[33,97066,40669],{},[20,97068,281],{},[57,97070,97072],{"className":59,"code":97071,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97073,97074,97084,97088,97102,97120,97138,97152,97156],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97075,97076,97078,97080,97082],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97077,8073],{"class":72},[66,97079,77],{"class":76},[66,97081,15907],{"class":173},[66,97083,141],{"class":80},[66,97085,97086],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97087,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97089,97090,97092,97094,97096,97098,97100],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,97091,8103],{"class":72},[66,97093,50],{"class":80},[66,97095,82189],{"class":137},[66,97097,158],{"class":80},[66,97099,2628],{"class":117},[66,97101,163],{"class":80},[66,97103,97104,97106,97108,97110,97112,97114,97116,97118],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,97105,8103],{"class":72},[66,97107,50],{"class":80},[66,97109,82189],{"class":137},[66,97111,158],{"class":80},[66,97113,85],{"class":84},[66,97115,4139],{"class":88},[66,97117,85],{"class":84},[66,97119,163],{"class":80},[66,97121,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132,97134,97136],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,97123,8103],{"class":72},[66,97125,50],{"class":80},[66,97127,82189],{"class":137},[66,97129,5805],{"class":80},[66,97131,1714],{"class":117},[66,97133,105],{"class":80},[66,97135,1719],{"class":117},[66,97137,181],{"class":80},[66,97139,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,97141,8103],{"class":72},[66,97143,50],{"class":80},[66,97145,82189],{"class":137},[66,97147,158],{"class":80},[66,97149,1386],{"class":4146},[66,97151,163],{"class":80},[66,97153,97154],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,97155,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97157,97158,97160,97162,97164],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,97159,155],{"class":154},[66,97161,158],{"class":80},[66,97163,8103],{"class":137},[66,97165,163],{"class":80},[20,97167,97168],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,97170,97171,97174,97177],{},[33,97172,97173],{},"Lists",[33,97175,97176],{},"Dictionaries",[33,97178,97179],{},"Sets",[20,97181,97182],{},"Example that causes an error:",[57,97184,97186],{"className":59,"code":97185,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97187,97188,97208],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97189,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204,97206],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97191,8073],{"class":72},[66,97193,77],{"class":76},[66,97195,81],{"class":80},[66,97197,1714],{"class":117},[66,97199,105],{"class":80},[66,97201,1719],{"class":117},[66,97203,105],{"class":80},[66,97205,1724],{"class":117},[66,97207,121],{"class":80},[66,97209,97210,97212,97214,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97211,8103],{"class":72},[66,97213,50],{"class":80},[66,97215,82189],{"class":137},[66,97217,199],{"class":80},[66,97219,2803],{"class":117},[66,97221,105],{"class":80},[66,97223,1231],{"class":117},[66,97225,218],{"class":80},[20,97227,97228],{},[185,97229,29746],{},[57,97231,97233],{"className":59,"code":97232,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97234,97235],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97236,97237,97239,97241,97244,97246,97248,97250,97252],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97238,3302],{"class":173},[66,97240,94],{"class":80},[66,97242,97243],{"class":72}," unhashable ",[66,97245,912],{"class":173},[66,97247,94],{"class":80},[66,97249,211],{"class":84},[66,97251,174],{"class":88},[66,97253,29765],{"class":84},[20,97255,97256],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97258,97259,97260,50],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97261,97262],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[52,97264,1838],{"id":1837},[20,97266,15009,97267,94],{},[15,97268,96294],{},[30,97270,97271,97276,97281,97284,97291],{},[33,97272,1848,97273,97275],{},[15,97274,96289],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,97277,1433,97278,97280],{},[15,97279,96289],{}," to return the updated set",[33,97282,97283],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,97285,37276,97286,97288,97289],{},[15,97287,96294],{}," with list ",[15,97290,52732],{},[33,97292,97293],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97295,71589],{},[57,97297,97299],{"className":59,"code":97298,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97300,97301,97311,97325,97335,97349],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97302,97303,97305,97307,97309],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97304,155],{"class":154},[66,97306,158],{"class":80},[66,97308,15940],{"class":137},[66,97310,163],{"class":80},[66,97312,97313,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97314,155],{"class":154},[66,97316,158],{"class":80},[66,97318,912],{"class":173},[66,97320,158],{"class":80},[66,97322,15940],{"class":137},[66,97324,181],{"class":80},[66,97326,97327,97329,97331,97333],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,97328,155],{"class":154},[66,97330,158],{"class":80},[66,97332,2771],{"class":137},[66,97334,163],{"class":80},[66,97336,97337,97339,97341,97343,97345,97347],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,97338,155],{"class":154},[66,97340,158],{"class":80},[66,97342,912],{"class":173},[66,97344,158],{"class":80},[66,97346,2771],{"class":137},[66,97348,181],{"class":80},[66,97350,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,97352,32219],{"class":154},[66,97354,158],{"class":80},[66,97356,6580],{"class":173},[66,97358,50],{"class":80},[66,97360,82189],{"class":784},[66,97362,163],{"class":80},[20,97364,97365,97366,97368,97369,50],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97367,96294],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[652,97370,53129],{"href":97371},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[52,97373,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,97375,12986,97377,97379],{"id":97376},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97378,96294],{}," return a new set?",[20,97381,97382,97383,50],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97384,4071],{},[1430,97386,97388],{"id":97387},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97390,97391],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1430,97393,97395],{"id":97394},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97397,243,97398,11376,97401,50],{},[15,97399,97400],{},"set.update()",[15,97402,96289],{},[1430,97404,97406],{"id":97405},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97408,97409,97410,50],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97411,3302],{},[52,97413,2183],{"id":2182},[30,97415,97416,97420,97425],{},[33,97417,97418],{},[652,97419,96414],{"href":96413},[33,97421,97422],{},[652,97423,97424],{"href":96417},"How to create a set in Python",[33,97426,97427],{},[652,97428,96900,97429,978],{"href":96899},[15,97430,15228],{},[20,97432,97433,97434,97436],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97435,96289],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2222,97438,97439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":97441},[97442,97443,97445,97446,97447,97448,97452,97456,97457,97458,97465],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":96386,"depth":124,"text":97444},"What set.add() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":96629,"depth":124,"text":96630},{"id":96720,"depth":124,"text":97449,"children":97450},"add() vs update()",[97451],{"id":96880,"depth":144,"text":96881},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793,"children":97453},[97454,97455],{"id":96919,"depth":144,"text":96920},{"id":61851,"depth":144,"text":96976},{"id":97052,"depth":124,"text":97053},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":97459},[97460,97462,97463,97464],{"id":97376,"depth":144,"text":97461},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97387,"depth":144,"text":97388},{"id":97394,"depth":144,"text":97395},{"id":97405,"depth":144,"text":97406},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96280,"description":97466},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97473,"title":97474,"body":97475,"description":98644,"extension":2260,"meta":98645,"navigation":147,"path":98646,"seo":98647,"stem":98648,"__hash__":98649},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97476,"toc":98611},[97477,97482,97488,97495,97540,97542,97553,97558,97563,97567,97581,97586,97588,97590,97605,97607,97621,97623,97625,97690,97692,97702,97704,97722,97728,97735,97740,97814,97816,97833,97839,97844,97915,97917,97944,97961,97964,97970,97972,97979,97983,98050,98052,98067,98070,98123,98125,98133,98145,98147,98151,98156,98158,98207,98209,98217,98219,98264,98266,98276,98282,98290,98303,98309,98311,98340,98342,98360,98364,98367,98398,98400,98418,98422,98497,98499,98515,98522,98524,98529,98534,98540,98543,98547,98555,98562,98570,98572,98608],[10,97478,96286,97480,18],{"id":97479},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97481,11604],{},[20,97483,97484,97487],{},[15,97485,97486],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97489,97490,97491,97494],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[185,97492,97493],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[57,97496,97498],{"className":59,"code":97497,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97499,97500,97520,97530],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97501,97502,97504,97506,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97503,1706],{"class":72},[66,97505,77],{"class":76},[66,97507,81],{"class":80},[66,97509,1714],{"class":117},[66,97511,105],{"class":80},[66,97513,1719],{"class":117},[66,97515,105],{"class":80},[66,97517,1724],{"class":117},[66,97519,121],{"class":80},[66,97521,97522,97524,97526,97528],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97523,1735],{"class":72},[66,97525,50],{"class":80},[66,97527,11665],{"class":137},[66,97529,141],{"class":80},[66,97531,97532,97534,97536,97538],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,97533,155],{"class":154},[66,97535,158],{"class":80},[66,97537,1735],{"class":137},[66,97539,163],{"class":80},[20,97541,187],{},[57,97543,97545],{"className":59,"code":97544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set()\n",[15,97546,97547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97548,97549,97551],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97550,6580],{"class":173},[66,97552,141],{"class":80},[20,97554,97555,97557],{},[15,97556,11604],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[52,97559,250,97561,253],{"id":97560},"what-setclear-does",[15,97562,97486],{},[20,97564,2277,97565,11695],{},[15,97566,11604],{},[30,97568,97569,97572,97574,97578],{},[33,97570,97571],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97573,96401],{},[33,97575,11706,97576],{},[15,97577,4071],{},[33,97579,97580],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97582,96410,97583,71688],{},[652,97584,96414],{"href":97585},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[52,97587,2455],{"id":2454},[20,97589,54527],{},[57,97591,97593],{"className":59,"code":97592,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97594,97595],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97596,97597,97599,97601,97603],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97598,15940],{"class":72},[66,97600,50],{"class":80},[66,97602,11665],{"class":137},[66,97604,141],{"class":80},[20,97606,13332],{},[30,97608,97609,97612,97615,97618],{},[33,97610,97611],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,97613,97614],{},"It empties the set",[33,97616,97617],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97619,97620],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[52,97622,11756],{"id":11755},[20,97624,11759],{},[57,97626,97628],{"className":59,"code":97627,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97629,97630,97662,97666,97676,97680],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97631,97632,97634,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97633,13356],{"class":72},[66,97635,77],{"class":76},[66,97637,81],{"class":80},[66,97639,85],{"class":84},[66,97641,13373],{"class":88},[66,97643,85],{"class":84},[66,97645,105],{"class":80},[66,97647,97],{"class":84},[66,97649,17716],{"class":88},[66,97651,85],{"class":84},[66,97653,105],{"class":80},[66,97655,97],{"class":84},[66,97657,13390],{"class":88},[66,97659,85],{"class":84},[66,97661,121],{"class":80},[66,97663,97664],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97665,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97667,97668,97670,97672,97674],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,97669,17763],{"class":72},[66,97671,50],{"class":80},[66,97673,11665],{"class":137},[66,97675,141],{"class":80},[66,97677,97678],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,97679,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97681,97682,97684,97686,97688],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,97683,155],{"class":154},[66,97685,158],{"class":80},[66,97687,17763],{"class":137},[66,97689,163],{"class":80},[20,97691,187],{},[57,97693,97694],{"className":59,"code":97544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,97695,97696],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97697,97698,97700],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97699,6580],{"class":173},[66,97701,141],{"class":80},[20,97703,11965],{},[30,97705,97706,97711,97716],{},[33,97707,97708,97710],{},[15,97709,17763],{}," starts with three values",[33,97712,97713,11978],{},[15,97714,97715],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97717,97718,97719,97721],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97720,4090],{},", which means an empty set",[52,97723,97725,97727],{"id":97724},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97726,11604],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97729,97730,4688,97732,97734],{},[15,97731,11604],{},[15,97733,4090],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1430,97736,1848,97738],{"id":97737},"using-clear",[15,97739,11604],{},[57,97741,97743],{"className":59,"code":97742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97744,97745,97765,97775,97779,97789,97793,97803],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97746,97747,97749,97751,97753,97755,97757,97759,97761,97763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97748,8073],{"class":72},[66,97750,77],{"class":76},[66,97752,81],{"class":80},[66,97754,1714],{"class":117},[66,97756,105],{"class":80},[66,97758,1719],{"class":117},[66,97760,105],{"class":80},[66,97762,1724],{"class":117},[66,97764,121],{"class":80},[66,97766,97767,97770,97772],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97768,97769],{"class":72},"other_name ",[66,97771,77],{"class":76},[66,97773,97774],{"class":72}," items\n",[66,97776,97777],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,97778,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97780,97781,97783,97785,97787],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,97782,8103],{"class":72},[66,97784,50],{"class":80},[66,97786,11665],{"class":137},[66,97788,141],{"class":80},[66,97790,97791],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,97792,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97794,97795,97797,97799,97801],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,97796,155],{"class":154},[66,97798,158],{"class":80},[66,97800,8103],{"class":137},[66,97802,163],{"class":80},[66,97804,97805,97807,97809,97812],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,97806,155],{"class":154},[66,97808,158],{"class":80},[66,97810,97811],{"class":137},"other_name",[66,97813,163],{"class":80},[20,97815,187],{},[57,97817,97819],{"className":59,"code":97818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97820,97821,97827],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97822,97823,97825],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97824,6580],{"class":173},[66,97826,141],{"class":80},[66,97828,97829,97831],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97830,6580],{"class":173},[66,97832,141],{"class":80},[20,97834,97835,97836,50],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[185,97837,97838],{},"same set object",[1430,97840,1848,97842],{"id":97841},"using-set",[15,97843,4090],{},[57,97845,97847],{"className":59,"code":97846,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97848,97849,97869,97877,97881,97891,97895,97905],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97850,97851,97853,97855,97857,97859,97861,97863,97865,97867],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97852,8073],{"class":72},[66,97854,77],{"class":76},[66,97856,81],{"class":80},[66,97858,1714],{"class":117},[66,97860,105],{"class":80},[66,97862,1719],{"class":117},[66,97864,105],{"class":80},[66,97866,1724],{"class":117},[66,97868,121],{"class":80},[66,97870,97871,97873,97875],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97872,97769],{"class":72},[66,97874,77],{"class":76},[66,97876,97774],{"class":72},[66,97878,97879],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,97880,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97882,97883,97885,97887,97889],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,97884,8073],{"class":72},[66,97886,77],{"class":76},[66,97888,15907],{"class":173},[66,97890,141],{"class":80},[66,97892,97893],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,97894,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,97896,97897,97899,97901,97903],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,97898,155],{"class":154},[66,97900,158],{"class":80},[66,97902,8103],{"class":137},[66,97904,163],{"class":80},[66,97906,97907,97909,97911,97913],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,97908,155],{"class":154},[66,97910,158],{"class":80},[66,97912,97811],{"class":137},[66,97914,163],{"class":80},[20,97916,187],{},[57,97918,97920],{"className":59,"code":97919,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97921,97922,97928],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97923,97924,97926],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97925,6580],{"class":173},[66,97927,141],{"class":80},[66,97929,97930,97932,97934,97936,97938,97940,97942],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,97931,9569],{"class":80},[66,97933,1714],{"class":117},[66,97935,105],{"class":80},[66,97937,1719],{"class":117},[66,97939,105],{"class":80},[66,97941,1724],{"class":117},[66,97943,121],{"class":80},[20,97945,21030,97946,93178,97949,97952,97953,50,97955,97957,97958,97960],{},[15,97947,97948],{},"items = set()",[185,97950,97951],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97954,8103],{},[10134,97956],{},"\nBut ",[15,97959,97811],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97962,97963],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97965,97966,97967,50],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[652,97968,96418],{"href":97969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[52,97971,793],{"id":792},[20,97973,97974,14330,97976,97978],{},[15,97975,11604],{},[185,97977,4926],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97980,5443,97981,50],{},[15,97982,4071],{},[57,97984,97986],{"className":59,"code":97985,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97987,97988,98008,98012,98026,98030,98040],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,97989,97990,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000,98002,98004,98006],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,97991,1706],{"class":72},[66,97993,77],{"class":76},[66,97995,81],{"class":80},[66,97997,1714],{"class":117},[66,97999,105],{"class":80},[66,98001,1719],{"class":117},[66,98003,105],{"class":80},[66,98005,1724],{"class":117},[66,98007,121],{"class":80},[66,98009,98010],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98011,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,98013,98014,98016,98018,98020,98022,98024],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,98015,877],{"class":72},[66,98017,77],{"class":76},[66,98019,4557],{"class":72},[66,98021,50],{"class":80},[66,98023,11665],{"class":137},[66,98025,141],{"class":80},[66,98027,98028],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,98029,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,98031,98032,98034,98036,98038],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,98033,155],{"class":154},[66,98035,158],{"class":80},[66,98037,901],{"class":137},[66,98039,163],{"class":80},[66,98041,98042,98044,98046,98048],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,98043,155],{"class":154},[66,98045,158],{"class":80},[66,98047,1735],{"class":137},[66,98049,163],{"class":80},[20,98051,187],{},[57,98053,98055],{"className":59,"code":98054,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"None\nset()\n",[15,98056,98057,98061],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98058,98059],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98060,12089],{"class":4146},[66,98062,98063,98065],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98064,6580],{"class":173},[66,98066,141],{"class":80},[20,98068,98069],{},"Do not do this:",[57,98071,98073],{"className":59,"code":98072,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98074,98075,98095,98109,98113],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98076,98077,98079,98081,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091,98093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98078,1706],{"class":72},[66,98080,77],{"class":76},[66,98082,81],{"class":80},[66,98084,1714],{"class":117},[66,98086,105],{"class":80},[66,98088,1719],{"class":117},[66,98090,105],{"class":80},[66,98092,1724],{"class":117},[66,98094,121],{"class":80},[66,98096,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98098,1706],{"class":72},[66,98100,77],{"class":76},[66,98102,4557],{"class":72},[66,98104,50],{"class":80},[66,98106,11665],{"class":137},[66,98108,141],{"class":80},[66,98110,98111],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,98112,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,98114,98115,98117,98119,98121],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,98116,155],{"class":154},[66,98118,158],{"class":80},[66,98120,1735],{"class":137},[66,98122,163],{"class":80},[20,98124,187],{},[57,98126,98127],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98128,98129],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98130,98131],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98132,12089],{"class":4146},[20,98134,22444,98135,2695,98137,98139,98140,98142,98143,50],{},[15,98136,54640],{},[15,98138,4071],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98141,4071],{}," back to ",[15,98144,1735],{},[52,98146,4814],{"id":4813},[20,98148,11031,98149,50],{},[15,98150,97486],{},[1430,98152,12876,98154],{"id":98153},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98155,11604],{},[20,98157,16918],{},[57,98159,98161],{"className":59,"code":98160,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98162,98163,98183,98197],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98164,98165,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175,98177,98179,98181],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98166,15902],{"class":72},[66,98168,77],{"class":76},[66,98170,81],{"class":80},[66,98172,1714],{"class":117},[66,98174,105],{"class":80},[66,98176,1719],{"class":117},[66,98178,105],{"class":80},[66,98180,1724],{"class":117},[66,98182,121],{"class":80},[66,98184,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193,98195],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98186,15902],{"class":72},[66,98188,77],{"class":76},[66,98190,97010],{"class":72},[66,98192,50],{"class":80},[66,98194,11665],{"class":137},[66,98196,141],{"class":80},[66,98198,98199,98201,98203,98205],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,98200,155],{"class":154},[66,98202,158],{"class":80},[66,98204,15940],{"class":137},[66,98206,163],{"class":80},[20,98208,187],{},[57,98210,98211],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98212,98213],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98214,98215],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98216,12089],{"class":4146},[20,98218,695],{},[57,98220,98222],{"className":59,"code":98221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98223,98224,98244,98254],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98225,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98227,15902],{"class":72},[66,98229,77],{"class":76},[66,98231,81],{"class":80},[66,98233,1714],{"class":117},[66,98235,105],{"class":80},[66,98237,1719],{"class":117},[66,98239,105],{"class":80},[66,98241,1724],{"class":117},[66,98243,121],{"class":80},[66,98245,98246,98248,98250,98252],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98247,15940],{"class":72},[66,98249,50],{"class":80},[66,98251,11665],{"class":137},[66,98253,141],{"class":80},[66,98255,98256,98258,98260,98262],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,98257,155],{"class":154},[66,98259,158],{"class":80},[66,98261,15940],{"class":137},[66,98263,163],{"class":80},[20,98265,187],{},[57,98267,98268],{"className":59,"code":97544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98269,98270],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98271,98272,98274],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98273,6580],{"class":173},[66,98275,141],{"class":80},[1430,98277,1433,98279,98281],{"id":98278},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98280,11604],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98283,98284,98286,98287,98289],{},[15,98285,11604],{}," removes ",[185,98288,4008],{}," items from the set.",[20,98291,98292,98293,3176,98298,50],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[652,98294,98296],{"href":98295},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98297,55609],{},[652,98299,98301],{"href":98300},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98302,13045],{},[1430,98304,1848,98306,98308],{"id":98305},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98307,4085],{}," for an empty set",[20,98310,1766],{},[57,98312,98314],{"className":59,"code":98313,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98315,98316,98325],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98317,98318,98321,98323],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98319,98320],{"class":72},"empty_value ",[66,98322,77],{"class":76},[66,98324,10126],{"class":80},[66,98326,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98338],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98328,155],{"class":154},[66,98330,158],{"class":80},[66,98332,912],{"class":173},[66,98334,158],{"class":80},[66,98336,98337],{"class":137},"empty_value",[66,98339,181],{"class":80},[20,98341,187],{},[57,98343,98344],{"className":59,"code":9101,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98345,98346],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98347,98348,98350,98352,98354,98356,98358],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98349,954],{"class":76},[66,98351,958],{"class":957},[66,98353,211],{"class":84},[66,98355,9114],{"class":88},[66,98357,202],{"class":84},[66,98359,967],{"class":76},[20,98361,98362,9081],{},[15,98363,4085],{},[20,98365,98366],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[57,98368,98370],{"className":59,"code":98369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98371,98372,98383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98373,98374,98377,98379,98381],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98375,98376],{"class":72},"empty_set ",[66,98378,77],{"class":76},[66,98380,15907],{"class":173},[66,98382,141],{"class":80},[66,98384,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393,98396],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98386,155],{"class":154},[66,98388,158],{"class":80},[66,98390,912],{"class":173},[66,98392,158],{"class":80},[66,98394,98395],{"class":137},"empty_set",[66,98397,181],{"class":80},[20,98399,187],{},[57,98401,98402],{"className":59,"code":9145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98403,98404],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98405,98406,98408,98410,98412,98414,98416],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98407,954],{"class":76},[66,98409,958],{"class":957},[66,98411,211],{"class":84},[66,98413,6580],{"class":88},[66,98415,202],{"class":84},[66,98417,967],{"class":76},[1430,98419,98421],{"id":98420},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[57,98423,98425],{"className":59,"code":98424,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98426,98427,98451,98459,98463,98473,98477,98487],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98428,98429,98431,98433,98435,98437,98439,98441,98443,98445,98447,98449],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98430,2853],{"class":72},[66,98432,77],{"class":76},[66,98434,81],{"class":80},[66,98436,85],{"class":84},[66,98438,2471],{"class":88},[66,98440,85],{"class":84},[66,98442,105],{"class":80},[66,98444,97],{"class":84},[66,98446,12026],{"class":88},[66,98448,85],{"class":84},[66,98450,121],{"class":80},[66,98452,98453,98455,98457],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98454,2881],{"class":72},[66,98456,77],{"class":76},[66,98458,36246],{"class":72},[66,98460,98461],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,98462,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,98464,98465,98467,98469,98471],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,98466,652],{"class":72},[66,98468,50],{"class":80},[66,98470,11665],{"class":137},[66,98472,141],{"class":80},[66,98474,98475],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,98476,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,98478,98479,98481,98483,98485],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,98480,155],{"class":154},[66,98482,158],{"class":80},[66,98484,652],{"class":137},[66,98486,163],{"class":80},[66,98488,98489,98491,98493,98495],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,98490,155],{"class":154},[66,98492,158],{"class":80},[66,98494,1903],{"class":137},[66,98496,163],{"class":80},[20,98498,187],{},[57,98500,98501],{"className":59,"code":97818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98502,98503,98509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98504,98505,98507],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98506,6580],{"class":173},[66,98508,141],{"class":80},[66,98510,98511,98513],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98512,6580],{"class":173},[66,98514,141],{"class":80},[20,98516,29126,98517,4688,98519,98521],{},[15,98518,652],{},[15,98520,1903],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[52,98523,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,98525,5438,98527,2122],{"id":98526},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98528,97486],{},[20,98530,5443,98531,98533],{},[15,98532,4071],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1430,98535,12986,98537,98539],{"id":98536},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98538,11604],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98541,98542],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1430,98544,98546],{"id":98545},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98548,98549,98550,98552,98553,50],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98551,11604],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98554,4090],{},[1430,98556,5475,98558,4688,98560,2151],{"id":98557},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98559,11604],{},[15,98561,4090],{},[20,98563,98564,98566,98567,98569],{},[15,98565,11604],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98568,4090],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[52,98571,2183],{"id":2182},[30,98573,98574,98578,98582,98589,98595,98601],{},[33,98575,98576],{},[652,98577,96414],{"href":97585},[33,98579,98580],{},[652,98581,97424],{"href":97969},[33,98583,98584],{},[652,98585,96900,98587,978],{"href":98586},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98588,96289],{},[33,98590,98591],{},[652,98592,96900,98593,978],{"href":98295},[15,98594,55609],{},[33,98596,98597],{},[652,98598,96900,98599,978],{"href":98300},[15,98600,13045],{},[33,98602,98603],{},[652,98604,96900,98606,978],{"href":98605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98607,15228],{},[2222,98609,98610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":98612},[98613,98615,98616,98617,98624,98625,98634,98643],{"id":97560,"depth":124,"text":98614},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":97724,"depth":124,"text":98618,"children":98619},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98620,98622],{"id":97737,"depth":144,"text":98621},"Using clear()",{"id":97841,"depth":144,"text":98623},"Using set()",{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":98626},[98627,98629,98631,98633],{"id":98153,"depth":144,"text":98628},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98278,"depth":144,"text":98630},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98305,"depth":144,"text":98632},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98420,"depth":144,"text":98421},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":98635},[98636,98638,98640,98641],{"id":98526,"depth":144,"text":98637},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98536,"depth":144,"text":98639},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98545,"depth":144,"text":98546},{"id":98557,"depth":144,"text":98642},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97474,"description":98644},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98651,"title":98652,"body":98653,"description":100485,"extension":2260,"meta":100486,"navigation":147,"path":96417,"seo":100487,"stem":100488,"__hash__":100489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98654,"toc":100442},[98655,98658,98661,98664,98666,98769,98773,98820,98826,98828,98847,98851,98854,98856,98870,98879,98883,98886,98921,98925,98945,98948,98952,98955,99016,99020,99045,99052,99058,99063,99065,99077,99081,99130,99134,99158,99165,99169,99210,99214,99235,99239,99272,99276,99317,99320,99324,99329,99368,99372,99397,99402,99408,99445,99449,99472,99476,99478,99481,99484,99561,99565,99602,99605,99609,99615,99618,99628,99677,99683,99689,99716,99719,99741,99743,99774,99777,99781,99785,99824,99828,99891,99894,99927,99931,99956,99958,99961,99967,99970,99997,100000,100018,100022,100026,100029,100072,100075,100079,100082,100085,100115,100118,100122,100125,100140,100145,100149,100152,100241,100243,100246,100336,100339,100357,100359,100363,100373,100377,100385,100389,100392,100396,100399,100403,100406,100408,100436,100439],[10,98656,98652],{"id":98657},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98659,98660],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98662,98663],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[52,98665,3903],{"id":3902},[57,98667,98669],{"className":59,"code":98668,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98670,98671,98691,98725,98735,98739,98749,98759],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98672,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98674,1706],{"class":72},[66,98676,77],{"class":76},[66,98678,81],{"class":80},[66,98680,1714],{"class":117},[66,98682,105],{"class":80},[66,98684,1719],{"class":117},[66,98686,105],{"class":80},[66,98688,1724],{"class":117},[66,98690,121],{"class":80},[66,98692,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98694,4363],{"class":72},[66,98696,77],{"class":76},[66,98698,15907],{"class":173},[66,98700,199],{"class":80},[66,98702,85],{"class":84},[66,98704,4372],{"class":88},[66,98706,85],{"class":84},[66,98708,105],{"class":80},[66,98710,97],{"class":84},[66,98712,4381],{"class":88},[66,98714,85],{"class":84},[66,98716,105],{"class":80},[66,98718,97],{"class":84},[66,98720,4372],{"class":88},[66,98722,85],{"class":84},[66,98724,218],{"class":80},[66,98726,98727,98729,98731,98733],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,98728,98376],{"class":72},[66,98730,77],{"class":76},[66,98732,15907],{"class":173},[66,98734,141],{"class":80},[66,98736,98737],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,98738,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,98740,98741,98743,98745,98747],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,98742,155],{"class":154},[66,98744,158],{"class":80},[66,98746,1735],{"class":137},[66,98748,163],{"class":80},[66,98750,98751,98753,98755,98757],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,98752,155],{"class":154},[66,98754,158],{"class":80},[66,98756,4407],{"class":137},[66,98758,163],{"class":80},[66,98760,98761,98763,98765,98767],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,98762,155],{"class":154},[66,98764,158],{"class":80},[66,98766,98395],{"class":137},[66,98768,163],{"class":80},[20,98770,98771],{},[185,98772,187],{},[57,98774,98776],{"className":59,"code":98775,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98777,98778,98794,98814],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98779,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788,98790,98792],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98781,9569],{"class":80},[66,98783,1714],{"class":117},[66,98785,105],{"class":80},[66,98787,1719],{"class":117},[66,98789,105],{"class":80},[66,98791,1724],{"class":117},[66,98793,121],{"class":80},[66,98795,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98797,9569],{"class":80},[66,98799,202],{"class":84},[66,98801,4381],{"class":88},[66,98803,202],{"class":84},[66,98805,105],{"class":80},[66,98807,211],{"class":84},[66,98809,4372],{"class":88},[66,98811,202],{"class":84},[66,98813,121],{"class":80},[66,98815,98816,98818],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,98817,6580],{"class":173},[66,98819,141],{"class":80},[20,98821,98822,98823,98825],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98824,4090],{}," for an empty set.",[52,98827,15437],{"id":15436},[30,98829,98830,98833,98838,98841,98844],{},[33,98831,98832],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98834,98835,98836],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98837,4090],{},[33,98839,98840],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98842,98843],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98845,98846],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[52,98848,98850],{"id":98849},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98852,98853],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98855,30606],{},[30,98857,98858,98861,98864,98867],{},[33,98859,98860],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98862,98863],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98865,98866],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98868,98869],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98871,98872,98873,3176,98875,50],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[652,98874,96414],{"href":97585},[652,98876,98878],{"href":98877},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[52,98880,98882],{"id":98881},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98884,98885],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[57,98887,98889],{"className":59,"code":98888,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98890,98891,98911],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98892,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98894,1706],{"class":72},[66,98896,77],{"class":76},[66,98898,81],{"class":80},[66,98900,1714],{"class":117},[66,98902,105],{"class":80},[66,98904,1719],{"class":117},[66,98906,105],{"class":80},[66,98908,1724],{"class":117},[66,98910,121],{"class":80},[66,98912,98913,98915,98917,98919],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98914,155],{"class":154},[66,98916,158],{"class":80},[66,98918,1735],{"class":137},[66,98920,163],{"class":80},[20,98922,98923],{},[185,98924,30095],{},[57,98926,98927],{"className":59,"code":96693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,98928,98929],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98930,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98932,9569],{"class":80},[66,98934,1714],{"class":117},[66,98936,105],{"class":80},[66,98938,1719],{"class":117},[66,98940,105],{"class":80},[66,98942,1724],{"class":117},[66,98944,121],{"class":80},[20,98946,98947],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1430,98949,98951],{"id":98950},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98953,98954],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[57,98956,98958],{"className":59,"code":98957,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98959,98960,98992,99002],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,98961,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,98963,1706],{"class":72},[66,98965,77],{"class":76},[66,98967,81],{"class":80},[66,98969,1714],{"class":117},[66,98971,105],{"class":80},[66,98973,1719],{"class":117},[66,98975,105],{"class":80},[66,98977,1719],{"class":117},[66,98979,105],{"class":80},[66,98981,1724],{"class":117},[66,98983,105],{"class":80},[66,98985,1724],{"class":117},[66,98987,105],{"class":80},[66,98989,1724],{"class":117},[66,98991,121],{"class":80},[66,98993,98994,98996,98998,99000],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,98995,155],{"class":154},[66,98997,158],{"class":80},[66,98999,1735],{"class":137},[66,99001,163],{"class":80},[66,99003,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,99005,155],{"class":154},[66,99007,158],{"class":80},[66,99009,11445],{"class":154},[66,99011,158],{"class":80},[66,99013,1735],{"class":137},[66,99015,181],{"class":80},[20,99017,99018],{},[185,99019,30095],{},[57,99021,99023],{"className":59,"code":99022,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99024,99025,99041],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99026,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99028,9569],{"class":80},[66,99030,1714],{"class":117},[66,99032,105],{"class":80},[66,99034,1719],{"class":117},[66,99036,105],{"class":80},[66,99038,1724],{"class":117},[66,99040,121],{"class":80},[66,99042,99043],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99044,46694],{"class":117},[20,99046,21237,99047,4688,99049,99051],{},[15,99048,2354],{},[15,99050,2360],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[52,99053,99055,99056],{"id":99054},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99057,4090],{},[20,99059,243,99060,99062],{},[15,99061,4090],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99064,5752],{},[30,99066,99067,99069,99071,99073],{},[33,99068,97173],{},[33,99070,96469],{},[33,99072,56545],{},[33,99074,99075],{},[15,99076,36269],{},[1430,99078,99080],{"id":99079},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[57,99082,99084],{"className":59,"code":99083,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99085,99086,99120],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99087,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99089,1706],{"class":72},[66,99091,77],{"class":76},[66,99093,15907],{"class":173},[66,99095,199],{"class":80},[66,99097,1714],{"class":117},[66,99099,105],{"class":80},[66,99101,1719],{"class":117},[66,99103,105],{"class":80},[66,99105,1719],{"class":117},[66,99107,105],{"class":80},[66,99109,1724],{"class":117},[66,99111,105],{"class":80},[66,99113,1724],{"class":117},[66,99115,105],{"class":80},[66,99117,2755],{"class":117},[66,99119,218],{"class":80},[66,99121,99122,99124,99126,99128],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99123,155],{"class":154},[66,99125,158],{"class":80},[66,99127,1735],{"class":137},[66,99129,163],{"class":80},[20,99131,99132],{},[185,99133,30095],{},[57,99135,99136],{"className":59,"code":96356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,99137,99138],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99139,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99141,9569],{"class":80},[66,99143,1714],{"class":117},[66,99145,105],{"class":80},[66,99147,1719],{"class":117},[66,99149,105],{"class":80},[66,99151,1724],{"class":117},[66,99153,105],{"class":80},[66,99155,2755],{"class":117},[66,99157,121],{"class":80},[20,99159,99160,99161,50],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[652,99162,99164],{"href":99163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1430,99166,99168],{"id":99167},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[57,99170,99172],{"className":59,"code":99171,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99173,99174,99200],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99175,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99177,4116],{"class":72},[66,99179,77],{"class":76},[66,99181,15907],{"class":173},[66,99183,5805],{"class":80},[66,99185,2628],{"class":117},[66,99187,105],{"class":80},[66,99189,118],{"class":117},[66,99191,105],{"class":80},[66,99193,118],{"class":117},[66,99195,105],{"class":80},[66,99197,8088],{"class":117},[66,99199,181],{"class":80},[66,99201,99202,99204,99206,99208],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99203,155],{"class":154},[66,99205,158],{"class":80},[66,99207,5655],{"class":137},[66,99209,163],{"class":80},[20,99211,99212],{},[185,99213,30095],{},[57,99215,99217],{"className":59,"code":99216,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99218,99219],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99220,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231,99233],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99222,9569],{"class":80},[66,99224,2628],{"class":117},[66,99226,105],{"class":80},[66,99228,118],{"class":117},[66,99230,105],{"class":80},[66,99232,8088],{"class":117},[66,99234,121],{"class":80},[1430,99236,99238],{"id":99237},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[57,99240,99242],{"className":59,"code":99241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99243,99244,99262],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99245,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99247,36161],{"class":72},[66,99249,77],{"class":76},[66,99251,15907],{"class":173},[66,99253,158],{"class":80},[66,99255,85],{"class":84},[66,99257,4139],{"class":88},[66,99259,85],{"class":84},[66,99261,163],{"class":80},[66,99263,99264,99266,99268,99270],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99265,155],{"class":154},[66,99267,158],{"class":80},[66,99269,36214],{"class":137},[66,99271,163],{"class":80},[20,99273,99274],{},[185,99275,30095],{},[57,99277,99279],{"className":59,"code":99278,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99280,99281],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99282,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99284,9569],{"class":80},[66,99286,202],{"class":84},[66,99288,60520],{"class":88},[66,99290,202],{"class":84},[66,99292,105],{"class":80},[66,99294,211],{"class":84},[66,99296,60529],{"class":88},[66,99298,202],{"class":84},[66,99300,105],{"class":80},[66,99302,211],{"class":84},[66,99304,60538],{"class":88},[66,99306,202],{"class":84},[66,99308,105],{"class":80},[66,99310,211],{"class":84},[66,99312,60555],{"class":88},[66,99314,202],{"class":84},[66,99316,121],{"class":80},[20,99318,99319],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[52,99321,99323],{"id":99322},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99325,99326,99327,50],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99328,4090],{},[57,99330,99332],{"className":59,"code":99331,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99333,99334,99344,99354],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99335,99336,99338,99340,99342],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99337,98376],{"class":72},[66,99339,77],{"class":76},[66,99341,15907],{"class":173},[66,99343,141],{"class":80},[66,99345,99346,99348,99350,99352],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99347,155],{"class":154},[66,99349,158],{"class":80},[66,99351,98395],{"class":137},[66,99353,163],{"class":80},[66,99355,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,99357,155],{"class":154},[66,99359,158],{"class":80},[66,99361,912],{"class":173},[66,99363,158],{"class":80},[66,99365,98395],{"class":137},[66,99367,181],{"class":80},[20,99369,99370],{},[185,99371,187],{},[57,99373,99375],{"className":59,"code":99374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99376,99377,99383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99378,99379,99381],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99380,6580],{"class":173},[66,99382,141],{"class":80},[66,99384,99385,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99386,954],{"class":76},[66,99388,958],{"class":957},[66,99390,211],{"class":84},[66,99392,6580],{"class":88},[66,99394,202],{"class":84},[66,99396,967],{"class":76},[1430,99398,44505,99400],{"id":99399},"do-not-use",[15,99401,4085],{},[20,99403,99404,99405,99407],{},"Empty braces do ",[185,99406,4926],{}," create a set.",[57,99409,99411],{"className":59,"code":99410,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99412,99413,99421,99431],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99414,99415,99417,99419],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99416,98320],{"class":72},[66,99418,77],{"class":76},[66,99420,10126],{"class":80},[66,99422,99423,99425,99427,99429],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99424,155],{"class":154},[66,99426,158],{"class":80},[66,99428,98337],{"class":137},[66,99430,163],{"class":80},[66,99432,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,99434,155],{"class":154},[66,99436,158],{"class":80},[66,99438,912],{"class":173},[66,99440,158],{"class":80},[66,99442,98337],{"class":137},[66,99444,181],{"class":80},[20,99446,99447],{},[185,99448,187],{},[57,99450,99452],{"className":59,"code":99451,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99453,99454,99458],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99455,99456],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99457,9722],{"class":80},[66,99459,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99461,954],{"class":76},[66,99463,958],{"class":957},[66,99465,211],{"class":84},[66,99467,9114],{"class":88},[66,99469,202],{"class":84},[66,99471,967],{"class":76},[20,99473,99474,9081],{},[15,99475,4085],{},[52,99477,72352],{"id":72351},[20,99479,99480],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99482,99483],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[57,99485,99487],{"className":59,"code":99486,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99488,99489,99537,99547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99490,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99492,4363],{"class":72},[66,99494,77],{"class":76},[66,99496,81],{"class":80},[66,99498,85],{"class":84},[66,99500,4372],{"class":88},[66,99502,85],{"class":84},[66,99504,105],{"class":80},[66,99506,97],{"class":84},[66,99508,4381],{"class":88},[66,99510,85],{"class":84},[66,99512,105],{"class":80},[66,99514,97],{"class":84},[66,99516,4372],{"class":88},[66,99518,85],{"class":84},[66,99520,105],{"class":80},[66,99522,97],{"class":84},[66,99524,4372],{"class":88},[66,99526,85],{"class":84},[66,99528,105],{"class":80},[66,99530,97],{"class":84},[66,99532,33288],{"class":88},[66,99534,85],{"class":84},[66,99536,121],{"class":80},[66,99538,99539,99541,99543,99545],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99540,155],{"class":154},[66,99542,158],{"class":80},[66,99544,4407],{"class":137},[66,99546,163],{"class":80},[66,99548,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557,99559],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,99550,155],{"class":154},[66,99552,158],{"class":80},[66,99554,11445],{"class":154},[66,99556,158],{"class":80},[66,99558,4407],{"class":137},[66,99560,181],{"class":80},[20,99562,99563],{},[185,99564,30095],{},[57,99566,99568],{"className":59,"code":99567,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99569,99570,99598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99571,99572,99574,99576,99578,99580,99582,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99573,9569],{"class":80},[66,99575,202],{"class":84},[66,99577,4381],{"class":88},[66,99579,202],{"class":84},[66,99581,105],{"class":80},[66,99583,211],{"class":84},[66,99585,33288],{"class":88},[66,99587,202],{"class":84},[66,99589,105],{"class":80},[66,99591,211],{"class":84},[66,99593,4372],{"class":88},[66,99595,202],{"class":84},[66,99597,121],{"class":80},[66,99599,99600],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99601,46694],{"class":117},[20,99603,99604],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[52,99606,99608],{"id":99607},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99610,99611,99612,99614],{},"Set items must be ",[185,99613,96457],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99616,99617],{},"These usually work:",[30,99619,99620,99622,99624,99626],{},[33,99621,56542],{},[33,99623,56545],{},[33,99625,96469],{},[33,99627,40669],{},[57,99629,99631],{"className":59,"code":99630,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99632,99633,99667],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99634,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99636,4116],{"class":72},[66,99638,77],{"class":76},[66,99640,81],{"class":80},[66,99642,1714],{"class":117},[66,99644,105],{"class":80},[66,99646,97],{"class":84},[66,99648,4372],{"class":88},[66,99650,85],{"class":84},[66,99652,105],{"class":80},[66,99654,9527],{"class":80},[66,99656,2628],{"class":117},[66,99658,105],{"class":80},[66,99660,118],{"class":117},[66,99662,9524],{"class":80},[66,99664,4208],{"class":4146},[66,99666,121],{"class":80},[66,99668,99669,99671,99673,99675],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99670,155],{"class":154},[66,99672,158],{"class":80},[66,99674,5655],{"class":137},[66,99676,163],{"class":80},[20,99678,99679,99680,99682],{},"These do ",[185,99681,4926],{}," work directly:",[30,99684,99685,99687],{},[33,99686,97173],{},[33,99688,97176],{},[57,99690,99692],{"className":59,"code":99691,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99693,99694],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99695,99696,99699,99701,99704,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99697,99698],{"class":72},"bad_set ",[66,99700,77],{"class":76},[66,99702,99703],{"class":80}," {[",[66,99705,1714],{"class":117},[66,99707,105],{"class":80},[66,99709,1719],{"class":117},[66,99711,105],{"class":80},[66,99713,1724],{"class":117},[66,99715,13982],{"class":80},[20,99717,99718],{},"This raises an error:",[57,99720,99721],{"className":59,"code":97232,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,99722,99723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99724,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99726,3302],{"class":173},[66,99728,94],{"class":80},[66,99730,97243],{"class":72},[66,99732,912],{"class":173},[66,99734,94],{"class":80},[66,99736,211],{"class":84},[66,99738,174],{"class":88},[66,99740,29765],{"class":84},[20,99742,52159],{},[57,99744,99746],{"className":59,"code":99745,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99747,99748],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99749,99750,99752,99754,99757,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99751,99698],{"class":72},[66,99753,77],{"class":76},[66,99755,99756],{"class":80}," {{",[66,99758,85],{"class":84},[66,99760,89],{"class":88},[66,99762,85],{"class":84},[66,99764,94],{"class":80},[66,99766,97],{"class":84},[66,99768,7970],{"class":88},[66,99770,85],{"class":84},[66,99772,99773],{"class":80},"}}\n",[20,99775,99776],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[52,99778,99780],{"id":99779},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1430,99782,99784],{"id":99783},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[57,99786,99788],{"className":59,"code":99787,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99789,99790,99814],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99791,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99793,1706],{"class":72},[66,99795,77],{"class":76},[66,99797,81],{"class":80},[66,99799,1714],{"class":117},[66,99801,105],{"class":80},[66,99803,1719],{"class":117},[66,99805,105],{"class":80},[66,99807,1724],{"class":117},[66,99809,105],{"class":80},[66,99811,2755],{"class":117},[66,99813,121],{"class":80},[66,99815,99816,99818,99820,99822],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99817,155],{"class":154},[66,99819,158],{"class":80},[66,99821,1735],{"class":137},[66,99823,163],{"class":80},[1430,99825,99827],{"id":99826},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[57,99829,99831],{"className":59,"code":99830,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99832,99833,99861,99876,99880],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99834,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99836,8073],{"class":72},[66,99838,77],{"class":76},[66,99840,1711],{"class":80},[66,99842,1714],{"class":117},[66,99844,105],{"class":80},[66,99846,1896],{"class":117},[66,99848,105],{"class":80},[66,99850,1719],{"class":117},[66,99852,105],{"class":80},[66,99854,1724],{"class":117},[66,99856,105],{"class":80},[66,99858,1724],{"class":117},[66,99860,240],{"class":80},[66,99862,99863,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99864,99865],{"class":72},"unique_items ",[66,99867,77],{"class":76},[66,99869,15907],{"class":173},[66,99871,158],{"class":80},[66,99873,8103],{"class":137},[66,99875,163],{"class":80},[66,99877,99878],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,99879,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,99881,99882,99884,99886,99889],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,99883,155],{"class":154},[66,99885,158],{"class":80},[66,99887,99888],{"class":137},"unique_items",[66,99890,163],{"class":80},[1430,99892,99238],{"id":99893},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[57,99895,99897],{"className":59,"code":99896,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99898,99899,99917],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99900,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99902,36161],{"class":72},[66,99904,77],{"class":76},[66,99906,15907],{"class":173},[66,99908,158],{"class":80},[66,99910,85],{"class":84},[66,99912,4381],{"class":88},[66,99914,85],{"class":84},[66,99916,163],{"class":80},[66,99918,99919,99921,99923,99925],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99920,155],{"class":154},[66,99922,158],{"class":80},[66,99924,36214],{"class":137},[66,99926,163],{"class":80},[1430,99928,99930],{"id":99929},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[57,99932,99934],{"className":59,"code":99933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99935,99936,99946],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99937,99938,99940,99942,99944],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99939,98376],{"class":72},[66,99941,77],{"class":76},[66,99943,15907],{"class":173},[66,99945,141],{"class":80},[66,99947,99948,99950,99952,99954],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99949,155],{"class":154},[66,99951,158],{"class":80},[66,99953,98395],{"class":137},[66,99955,163],{"class":80},[52,99957,1838],{"id":1837},[20,99959,99960],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1430,99962,1848,99964,99966],{"id":99963},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99965,4085],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99968,99969],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[57,99971,99973],{"className":59,"code":99972,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99974,99975,99983],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,99976,99977,99979,99981],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,99978,2745],{"class":72},[66,99980,77],{"class":76},[66,99982,10126],{"class":80},[66,99984,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,99986,155],{"class":154},[66,99988,158],{"class":80},[66,99990,912],{"class":173},[66,99992,158],{"class":80},[66,99994,2771],{"class":137},[66,99996,181],{"class":80},[20,99998,99999],{},"This prints:",[57,100001,100002],{"className":59,"code":9101,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,100003,100004],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100005,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100007,954],{"class":76},[66,100009,958],{"class":957},[66,100011,211],{"class":84},[66,100013,9114],{"class":88},[66,100015,202],{"class":84},[66,100017,967],{"class":76},[20,100019,243,100020,6924],{},[15,100021,4090],{},[1430,100023,100025],{"id":100024},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100027,100028],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[57,100030,100032],{"className":59,"code":100031,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100033,100034,100062],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100035,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100037,1706],{"class":72},[66,100039,77],{"class":76},[66,100041,81],{"class":80},[66,100043,1714],{"class":117},[66,100045,105],{"class":80},[66,100047,1896],{"class":117},[66,100049,105],{"class":80},[66,100051,1719],{"class":117},[66,100053,105],{"class":80},[66,100055,1719],{"class":117},[66,100057,105],{"class":80},[66,100059,1724],{"class":117},[66,100061,121],{"class":80},[66,100063,100064,100066,100068,100070],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100065,155],{"class":154},[66,100067,158],{"class":80},[66,100069,1735],{"class":137},[66,100071,163],{"class":80},[20,100073,100074],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1430,100076,100078],{"id":100077},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100080,100081],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100083,100084],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[57,100086,100088],{"className":59,"code":100087,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100089,100090,100110],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100091,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106,100108],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100093,1706],{"class":72},[66,100095,77],{"class":76},[66,100097,81],{"class":80},[66,100099,2628],{"class":117},[66,100101,105],{"class":80},[66,100103,118],{"class":117},[66,100105,105],{"class":80},[66,100107,8088],{"class":117},[66,100109,121],{"class":80},[66,100111,100112],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100113,100114],{"class":1945},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100116,100117],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1430,100119,100121],{"id":100120},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100123,100124],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[57,100126,100128],{"className":59,"code":100127,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100129,100130,100135],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100131,100132],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100133,100134],{"class":1945},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[66,100136,100137],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100138,100139],{"class":1945},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100141,100142,100143,50],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100144,3302],{},[1430,100146,100148],{"id":100147},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100150,100151],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[57,100153,100155],{"className":59,"code":100154,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100156,100157,100177,100209,100213,100227],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100158,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100160,15902],{"class":72},[66,100162,77],{"class":76},[66,100164,81],{"class":80},[66,100166,1714],{"class":117},[66,100168,105],{"class":80},[66,100170,1719],{"class":117},[66,100172,105],{"class":80},[66,100174,1724],{"class":117},[66,100176,121],{"class":80},[66,100178,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100180,12005],{"class":72},[66,100182,77],{"class":76},[66,100184,81],{"class":80},[66,100186,85],{"class":84},[66,100188,652],{"class":88},[66,100190,85],{"class":84},[66,100192,94],{"class":80},[66,100194,1896],{"class":117},[66,100196,105],{"class":80},[66,100198,97],{"class":84},[66,100200,1903],{"class":88},[66,100202,85],{"class":84},[66,100204,94],{"class":80},[66,100206,1719],{"class":117},[66,100208,121],{"class":80},[66,100210,100211],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,100212,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,100214,100215,100217,100219,100221,100223,100225],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,100216,155],{"class":154},[66,100218,158],{"class":80},[66,100220,912],{"class":173},[66,100222,158],{"class":80},[66,100224,15940],{"class":137},[66,100226,181],{"class":80},[66,100228,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,100230,155],{"class":154},[66,100232,158],{"class":80},[66,100234,912],{"class":173},[66,100236,158],{"class":80},[66,100238,672],{"class":137},[66,100240,181],{"class":80},[52,100242,92869],{"id":92868},[20,100244,100245],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[57,100247,100249],{"className":59,"code":100248,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100250,100251,100277,100281,100295,100305,100319,100326],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100252,100253,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100254,15902],{"class":72},[66,100256,77],{"class":76},[66,100258,15907],{"class":173},[66,100260,199],{"class":80},[66,100262,1714],{"class":117},[66,100264,105],{"class":80},[66,100266,1719],{"class":117},[66,100268,105],{"class":80},[66,100270,1719],{"class":117},[66,100272,105],{"class":80},[66,100274,1724],{"class":117},[66,100276,218],{"class":80},[66,100278,100279],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100280,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,100282,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,100284,155],{"class":154},[66,100286,158],{"class":80},[66,100288,912],{"class":173},[66,100290,158],{"class":80},[66,100292,15940],{"class":137},[66,100294,181],{"class":80},[66,100296,100297,100299,100301,100303],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,100298,155],{"class":154},[66,100300,158],{"class":80},[66,100302,15940],{"class":137},[66,100304,163],{"class":80},[66,100306,100307,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,100308,155],{"class":154},[66,100310,158],{"class":80},[66,100312,11445],{"class":154},[66,100314,158],{"class":80},[66,100316,15940],{"class":137},[66,100318,181],{"class":80},[66,100320,100321,100323],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,100322,155],{"class":154},[66,100324,100325],{"class":80},"({})\n",[66,100327,100328,100330,100332,100334],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,100329,155],{"class":154},[66,100331,158],{"class":80},[66,100333,6580],{"class":173},[66,100335,345],{"class":80},[20,100337,100338],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,100340,100341,100344,100347,100350],{},[33,100342,100343],{},"The object type",[33,100345,100346],{},"The actual values stored",[33,100348,100349],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,100351,100352,100353,4688,100355],{},"The difference between ",[15,100354,4085],{},[15,100356,4090],{},[52,100358,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,100360,100362],{"id":100361},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100364,100365,100366,100369,100370,100372],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100367,100368],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100371,4090],{}," with another iterable.",[1430,100374,100376],{"id":100375},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100378,243,100379,100381,100382,100384],{},[15,100380,4090],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100383,4085],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1430,100386,100388],{"id":100387},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100390,100391],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1430,100393,100395],{"id":100394},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100397,100398],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1430,100400,100402],{"id":100401},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100404,100405],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[52,100407,2183],{"id":2182},[30,100409,100410,100414,100420,100426,100431],{},[33,100411,100412],{},[652,100413,96414],{"href":97585},[33,100415,100416],{},[652,100417,3870,100418,978],{"href":98586},[15,100419,96294],{},[33,100421,100422],{},[652,100423,3870,100424,978],{"href":98605},[15,100425,97400],{},[33,100427,100428],{},[652,100429,100430],{"href":99163},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,100432,100433],{},[652,100434,100435],{"href":98877},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100437,100438],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2222,100440,100441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":100443},[100444,100445,100446,100447,100450,100456,100460,100461,100462,100468,100476,100477,100484],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":15436,"depth":124,"text":15437},{"id":98849,"depth":124,"text":98850},{"id":98881,"depth":124,"text":98882,"children":100448},[100449],{"id":98950,"depth":144,"text":98951},{"id":99054,"depth":124,"text":100451,"children":100452},"Create a set with set()",[100453,100454,100455],{"id":99079,"depth":144,"text":99080},{"id":99167,"depth":144,"text":99168},{"id":99237,"depth":144,"text":99238},{"id":99322,"depth":124,"text":99323,"children":100457},[100458],{"id":99399,"depth":144,"text":100459},"Do not use {}",{"id":72351,"depth":124,"text":72352},{"id":99607,"depth":124,"text":99608},{"id":99779,"depth":124,"text":99780,"children":100463},[100464,100465,100466,100467],{"id":99783,"depth":144,"text":99784},{"id":99826,"depth":144,"text":99827},{"id":99893,"depth":144,"text":99238},{"id":99929,"depth":144,"text":99930},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":100469},[100470,100472,100473,100474,100475],{"id":99963,"depth":144,"text":100471},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100024,"depth":144,"text":100025},{"id":100077,"depth":144,"text":100078},{"id":100120,"depth":144,"text":100121},{"id":100147,"depth":144,"text":100148},{"id":92868,"depth":124,"text":92869},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":100478},[100479,100480,100481,100482,100483],{"id":100361,"depth":144,"text":100362},{"id":100375,"depth":144,"text":100376},{"id":100387,"depth":144,"text":100388},{"id":100394,"depth":144,"text":100395},{"id":100401,"depth":144,"text":100402},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98652,"description":100485},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100491,"title":100492,"body":100493,"description":102924,"extension":2260,"meta":102925,"navigation":147,"path":102926,"seo":102927,"stem":102928,"__hash__":102929},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100494,"toc":102889},[100495,100501,100507,100510,100512,100589,100591,100608,100618,100620,100625,100633,100635,100651,100655,100657,100659,100662,100683,100686,100710,100716,100718,100815,100817,100834,100844,100846,100848,100856,100858,100869,100871,100962,100964,100988,100999,101001,101003,101006,101136,101138,101211,101213,101234,101237,101239,101245,101250,101253,101380,101382,101399,101402,101404,101412,101415,101419,101427,101518,101520,101557,101562,101569,101646,101648,101664,101669,101674,101676,101685,101693,101774,101776,101805,101808,101812,101823,101826,101909,101911,101932,101938,101940,101942,101946,101950,101957,102022,102024,102044,102047,102116,102118,102134,102138,102144,102156,102164,102166,102251,102253,102282,102285,102289,102294,102296,102346,102349,102430,102432,102448,102452,102455,102530,102533,102537,102540,102617,102619,102652,102658,102662,102665,102800,102802,102816,102818,102820,102826,102829,102836,102844,102850,102853,102857,102860,102862,102864,102886],[10,100496,96286,100498,18],{"id":100497},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100499,100500],{},"difference()",[20,100502,100503,100506],{},[15,100504,100505],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100508,100509],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[52,100511,3903],{"id":3902},[57,100513,100515],{"className":59,"code":100514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100516,100517,100541,100561,100579],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100518,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100520,2853],{"class":72},[66,100522,77],{"class":76},[66,100524,81],{"class":80},[66,100526,1714],{"class":117},[66,100528,105],{"class":80},[66,100530,1719],{"class":117},[66,100532,105],{"class":80},[66,100534,1724],{"class":117},[66,100536,105],{"class":80},[66,100538,2755],{"class":117},[66,100540,121],{"class":80},[66,100542,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557,100559],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100544,2881],{"class":72},[66,100546,77],{"class":76},[66,100548,81],{"class":80},[66,100550,2360],{"class":117},[66,100552,105],{"class":80},[66,100554,2755],{"class":117},[66,100556,105],{"class":80},[66,100558,1231],{"class":117},[66,100560,121],{"class":80},[66,100562,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,100564,877],{"class":72},[66,100566,77],{"class":76},[66,100568,56968],{"class":72},[66,100570,50],{"class":80},[66,100572,3111],{"class":137},[66,100574,158],{"class":80},[66,100576,1903],{"class":137},[66,100578,163],{"class":80},[66,100580,100581,100583,100585,100587],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,100582,155],{"class":154},[66,100584,158],{"class":80},[66,100586,901],{"class":137},[66,100588,163],{"class":80},[20,100590,187],{},[57,100592,100594],{"className":59,"code":100593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100595,100596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100597,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100599,9569],{"class":80},[66,100601,1714],{"class":117},[66,100603,105],{"class":80},[66,100605,1719],{"class":117},[66,100607,121],{"class":80},[20,100609,100610,100612,100613,100615,100616,50],{},[15,100611,100500],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100614,652],{}," that are not in ",[15,100617,1903],{},[44993,100619],{},[52,100621,250,100623,253],{"id":100622},"what-difference-does",[15,100624,100500],{},[20,100626,2277,100627,100629,100630,100632],{},[15,100628,100500],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[185,100631,4926],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100634,13332],{},[30,100636,100637,100642,100645,100648],{},[33,100638,100639,100641],{},[15,100640,100500],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100643,100644],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100646,100647],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100649,100650],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100652,96410,100653,50],{},[652,100654,96414],{"href":97585},[44993,100656],{},[52,100658,2455],{"id":2454},[20,100660,100661],{},"Use this form:",[57,100663,100665],{"className":59,"code":100664,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100666,100667],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100668,100669,100672,100674,100676,100678,100681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100670,100671],{"class":72},"set1",[66,100673,50],{"class":80},[66,100675,3111],{"class":137},[66,100677,158],{"class":80},[66,100679,100680],{"class":137},"set2",[66,100682,163],{"class":80},[20,100684,100685],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[57,100687,100689],{"className":59,"code":100688,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100690,100691],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100692,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100708],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100694,100671],{"class":72},[66,100696,50],{"class":80},[66,100698,3111],{"class":137},[66,100700,158],{"class":80},[66,100702,100680],{"class":137},[66,100704,105],{"class":80},[66,100706,100707],{"class":137}," set3",[66,100709,163],{"class":80},[20,100711,100712,100713,100715],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[185,100714,5650],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100717,281],{},[57,100719,100721],{"className":59,"code":100720,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100722,100723,100751,100767,100779,100783,100805],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100724,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100726,2853],{"class":72},[66,100728,77],{"class":76},[66,100730,81],{"class":80},[66,100732,1714],{"class":117},[66,100734,105],{"class":80},[66,100736,1719],{"class":117},[66,100738,105],{"class":80},[66,100740,1724],{"class":117},[66,100742,105],{"class":80},[66,100744,2755],{"class":117},[66,100746,105],{"class":80},[66,100748,1231],{"class":117},[66,100750,121],{"class":80},[66,100752,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100754,2881],{"class":72},[66,100756,77],{"class":76},[66,100758,81],{"class":80},[66,100760,2354],{"class":117},[66,100762,105],{"class":80},[66,100764,1724],{"class":117},[66,100766,121],{"class":80},[66,100768,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,100770,83269],{"class":72},[66,100772,77],{"class":76},[66,100774,81],{"class":80},[66,100776,2433],{"class":117},[66,100778,121],{"class":80},[66,100780,100781],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,100782,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,100784,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,100786,877],{"class":72},[66,100788,77],{"class":76},[66,100790,56968],{"class":72},[66,100792,50],{"class":80},[66,100794,3111],{"class":137},[66,100796,158],{"class":80},[66,100798,1903],{"class":137},[66,100800,105],{"class":80},[66,100802,9969],{"class":137},[66,100804,163],{"class":80},[66,100806,100807,100809,100811,100813],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,100808,155],{"class":154},[66,100810,158],{"class":80},[66,100812,901],{"class":137},[66,100814,163],{"class":80},[20,100816,187],{},[57,100818,100820],{"className":59,"code":100819,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100821,100822],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100823,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100825,9569],{"class":80},[66,100827,1714],{"class":117},[66,100829,105],{"class":80},[66,100831,2755],{"class":117},[66,100833,121],{"class":80},[20,100835,100836,100837,100839,100840,3176,100842,50],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100838,652],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100841,1903],{},[15,100843,10027],{},[44993,100845],{},[52,100847,793],{"id":792},[20,100849,100850,100852,100853,50],{},[15,100851,100500],{}," always returns a ",[185,100854,100855],{},"new set",[20,100857,43726],{},[30,100859,100860,100863,100866],{},[33,100861,100862],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100864,100865],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100867,100868],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100870,281],{},[57,100872,100874],{"className":59,"code":100873,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100875,100876,100892,100912,100916,100934,100938,100948],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100877,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100879,2853],{"class":72},[66,100881,77],{"class":76},[66,100883,81],{"class":80},[66,100885,1714],{"class":117},[66,100887,105],{"class":80},[66,100889,1719],{"class":117},[66,100891,121],{"class":80},[66,100893,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100895,2881],{"class":72},[66,100897,77],{"class":76},[66,100899,81],{"class":80},[66,100901,1714],{"class":117},[66,100903,105],{"class":80},[66,100905,1719],{"class":117},[66,100907,105],{"class":80},[66,100909,1724],{"class":117},[66,100911,121],{"class":80},[66,100913,100914],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,100915,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,100917,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,100919,877],{"class":72},[66,100921,77],{"class":76},[66,100923,56968],{"class":72},[66,100925,50],{"class":80},[66,100927,3111],{"class":137},[66,100929,158],{"class":80},[66,100931,1903],{"class":137},[66,100933,163],{"class":80},[66,100935,100936],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,100937,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,100939,100940,100942,100944,100946],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,100941,155],{"class":154},[66,100943,158],{"class":80},[66,100945,901],{"class":137},[66,100947,163],{"class":80},[66,100949,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,100951,155],{"class":154},[66,100953,158],{"class":80},[66,100955,912],{"class":173},[66,100957,158],{"class":80},[66,100959,901],{"class":137},[66,100961,181],{"class":80},[20,100963,187],{},[57,100965,100966],{"className":59,"code":99374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,100967,100968,100974],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,100969,100970,100972],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,100971,6580],{"class":173},[66,100973,141],{"class":80},[66,100975,100976,100978,100980,100982,100984,100986],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,100977,954],{"class":76},[66,100979,958],{"class":957},[66,100981,211],{"class":84},[66,100983,6580],{"class":88},[66,100985,202],{"class":84},[66,100987,967],{"class":76},[20,100989,100990,100991,19223,100993,100995,100996,100998],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100992,4090],{},[15,100994,4085],{},". In Python, ",[15,100997,4085],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44993,101000],{},[52,101002,11756],{"id":11755},[20,101004,101005],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[57,101007,101009],{"className":59,"code":101008,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101010,101011,101044,101077,101081,101101,101105,101115,101126],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101012,101013,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101014,101015],{"class":72},"fruits_a ",[66,101017,77],{"class":76},[66,101019,81],{"class":80},[66,101021,85],{"class":84},[66,101023,4372],{"class":88},[66,101025,85],{"class":84},[66,101027,105],{"class":80},[66,101029,97],{"class":84},[66,101031,4381],{"class":88},[66,101033,85],{"class":84},[66,101035,105],{"class":80},[66,101037,97],{"class":84},[66,101039,33288],{"class":88},[66,101041,85],{"class":84},[66,101043,121],{"class":80},[66,101045,101046,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101047,101048],{"class":72},"fruits_b ",[66,101050,77],{"class":76},[66,101052,81],{"class":80},[66,101054,85],{"class":84},[66,101056,4381],{"class":88},[66,101058,85],{"class":84},[66,101060,105],{"class":80},[66,101062,97],{"class":84},[66,101064,33288],{"class":88},[66,101066,85],{"class":84},[66,101068,105],{"class":80},[66,101070,97],{"class":84},[66,101072,22787],{"class":88},[66,101074,85],{"class":84},[66,101076,121],{"class":80},[66,101078,101079],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,101080,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101082,101083,101085,101087,101090,101092,101094,101096,101099],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,101084,877],{"class":72},[66,101086,77],{"class":76},[66,101088,101089],{"class":72}," fruits_a",[66,101091,50],{"class":80},[66,101093,3111],{"class":137},[66,101095,158],{"class":80},[66,101097,101098],{"class":137},"fruits_b",[66,101100,163],{"class":80},[66,101102,101103],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,101104,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101106,101107,101109,101111,101113],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,101108,155],{"class":154},[66,101110,158],{"class":80},[66,101112,901],{"class":137},[66,101114,163],{"class":80},[66,101116,101117,101119,101121,101124],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,101118,155],{"class":154},[66,101120,158],{"class":80},[66,101122,101123],{"class":137},"fruits_a",[66,101125,163],{"class":80},[66,101127,101128,101130,101132,101134],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,101129,155],{"class":154},[66,101131,158],{"class":80},[66,101133,101098],{"class":137},[66,101135,163],{"class":80},[20,101137,30095],{},[57,101139,101141],{"className":59,"code":101140,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101142,101143,101155,101183],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101144,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101146,9569],{"class":80},[66,101148,202],{"class":84},[66,101150,4372],{"class":88},[66,101152,202],{"class":84},[66,101154,121],{"class":80},[66,101156,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101158,9569],{"class":80},[66,101160,202],{"class":84},[66,101162,4381],{"class":88},[66,101164,202],{"class":84},[66,101166,105],{"class":80},[66,101168,211],{"class":84},[66,101170,33288],{"class":88},[66,101172,202],{"class":84},[66,101174,105],{"class":80},[66,101176,211],{"class":84},[66,101178,4372],{"class":88},[66,101180,202],{"class":84},[66,101182,121],{"class":80},[66,101184,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,101186,9569],{"class":80},[66,101188,202],{"class":84},[66,101190,4381],{"class":88},[66,101192,202],{"class":84},[66,101194,105],{"class":80},[66,101196,211],{"class":84},[66,101198,33288],{"class":88},[66,101200,202],{"class":84},[66,101202,105],{"class":80},[66,101204,211],{"class":84},[66,101206,22787],{"class":88},[66,101208,202],{"class":84},[66,101210,121],{"class":80},[20,101212,11965],{},[30,101214,101215,101220,101225,101231],{},[33,101216,101217,101218],{},"Start with ",[15,101219,101123],{},[33,101221,101222,101223],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101224,101098],{},[33,101226,101227,101228,101230],{},"Only ",[15,101229,57914],{}," remains",[33,101232,101233],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101235,101236],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44993,101238],{},[52,101240,1848,101242,101244],{"id":101241},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101243,100500],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101246,101247,101248,50],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101249,100500],{},[20,101251,101252],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[57,101254,101256],{"className":59,"code":101255,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101257,101258,101290,101307,101320,101337,101341,101370],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101259,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101261,1706],{"class":72},[66,101263,77],{"class":76},[66,101265,81],{"class":80},[66,101267,1714],{"class":117},[66,101269,105],{"class":80},[66,101271,1719],{"class":117},[66,101273,105],{"class":80},[66,101275,1724],{"class":117},[66,101277,105],{"class":80},[66,101279,2755],{"class":117},[66,101281,105],{"class":80},[66,101283,1231],{"class":117},[66,101285,105],{"class":80},[66,101287,37716],{"class":117},[66,101289,121],{"class":80},[66,101291,101292,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101293,101294],{"class":72},"group_a ",[66,101296,77],{"class":76},[66,101298,81],{"class":80},[66,101300,2354],{"class":117},[66,101302,105],{"class":80},[66,101304,2755],{"class":117},[66,101306,121],{"class":80},[66,101308,101309,101312,101314,101316,101318],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,101310,101311],{"class":72},"group_b ",[66,101313,77],{"class":76},[66,101315,81],{"class":80},[66,101317,2433],{"class":117},[66,101319,121],{"class":80},[66,101321,101322,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333,101335],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,101323,101324],{"class":72},"group_c ",[66,101326,77],{"class":76},[66,101328,81],{"class":80},[66,101330,80677],{"class":117},[66,101332,105],{"class":80},[66,101334,6286],{"class":117},[66,101336,121],{"class":80},[66,101338,101339],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,101340,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101342,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355,101358,101360,101363,101365,101368],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,101344,877],{"class":72},[66,101346,77],{"class":76},[66,101348,4557],{"class":72},[66,101350,50],{"class":80},[66,101352,3111],{"class":137},[66,101354,158],{"class":80},[66,101356,101357],{"class":137},"group_a",[66,101359,105],{"class":80},[66,101361,101362],{"class":137}," group_b",[66,101364,105],{"class":80},[66,101366,101367],{"class":137}," group_c",[66,101369,163],{"class":80},[66,101371,101372,101374,101376,101378],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,101373,155],{"class":154},[66,101375,158],{"class":80},[66,101377,901],{"class":137},[66,101379,163],{"class":80},[20,101381,187],{},[57,101383,101385],{"className":59,"code":101384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101386,101387],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101388,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101390,9569],{"class":80},[66,101392,1714],{"class":117},[66,101394,105],{"class":80},[66,101396,1724],{"class":117},[66,101398,121],{"class":80},[20,101400,101401],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44993,101403],{},[52,101405,101407,10871,101409],{"id":101406},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101408,100500],{},[15,101410,101411],{},"difference_update()",[20,101413,101414],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1430,101416,101417],{"id":3111},[15,101418,100500],{},[30,101420,101421,101424],{},[33,101422,101423],{},"Returns a new set",[33,101425,101426],{},"Does not change the original set",[57,101428,101430],{"className":59,"code":101429,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101431,101432,101456,101472,101476,101494,101498,101508],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101433,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101435,2853],{"class":72},[66,101437,77],{"class":76},[66,101439,81],{"class":80},[66,101441,1714],{"class":117},[66,101443,105],{"class":80},[66,101445,1719],{"class":117},[66,101447,105],{"class":80},[66,101449,1724],{"class":117},[66,101451,105],{"class":80},[66,101453,2755],{"class":117},[66,101455,121],{"class":80},[66,101457,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468,101470],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101459,2881],{"class":72},[66,101461,77],{"class":76},[66,101463,81],{"class":80},[66,101465,2360],{"class":117},[66,101467,105],{"class":80},[66,101469,2755],{"class":117},[66,101471,121],{"class":80},[66,101473,101474],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,101475,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101477,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,101479,877],{"class":72},[66,101481,77],{"class":76},[66,101483,56968],{"class":72},[66,101485,50],{"class":80},[66,101487,3111],{"class":137},[66,101489,158],{"class":80},[66,101491,1903],{"class":137},[66,101493,163],{"class":80},[66,101495,101496],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,101497,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101499,101500,101502,101504,101506],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,101501,155],{"class":154},[66,101503,158],{"class":80},[66,101505,901],{"class":137},[66,101507,163],{"class":80},[66,101509,101510,101512,101514,101516],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,101511,155],{"class":154},[66,101513,158],{"class":80},[66,101515,652],{"class":137},[66,101517,163],{"class":80},[20,101519,187],{},[57,101521,101523],{"className":59,"code":101522,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101524,101525,101537],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101526,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101528,9569],{"class":80},[66,101530,1714],{"class":117},[66,101532,105],{"class":80},[66,101534,1719],{"class":117},[66,101536,121],{"class":80},[66,101538,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551,101553,101555],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101540,9569],{"class":80},[66,101542,1714],{"class":117},[66,101544,105],{"class":80},[66,101546,1719],{"class":117},[66,101548,105],{"class":80},[66,101550,1724],{"class":117},[66,101552,105],{"class":80},[66,101554,2755],{"class":117},[66,101556,121],{"class":80},[1430,101558,101560],{"id":101559},"difference_update",[15,101561,101411],{},[30,101563,101564,101567],{},[33,101565,101566],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101568,96404],{},[57,101570,101572],{"className":59,"code":101571,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101573,101574,101598,101614,101618,101632,101636],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101575,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101577,2853],{"class":72},[66,101579,77],{"class":76},[66,101581,81],{"class":80},[66,101583,1714],{"class":117},[66,101585,105],{"class":80},[66,101587,1719],{"class":117},[66,101589,105],{"class":80},[66,101591,1724],{"class":117},[66,101593,105],{"class":80},[66,101595,2755],{"class":117},[66,101597,121],{"class":80},[66,101599,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610,101612],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101601,2881],{"class":72},[66,101603,77],{"class":76},[66,101605,81],{"class":80},[66,101607,2360],{"class":117},[66,101609,105],{"class":80},[66,101611,2755],{"class":117},[66,101613,121],{"class":80},[66,101615,101616],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,101617,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101619,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,101621,652],{"class":72},[66,101623,50],{"class":80},[66,101625,101559],{"class":137},[66,101627,158],{"class":80},[66,101629,1903],{"class":137},[66,101631,163],{"class":80},[66,101633,101634],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,101635,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101637,101638,101640,101642,101644],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,101639,155],{"class":154},[66,101641,158],{"class":80},[66,101643,652],{"class":137},[66,101645,163],{"class":80},[20,101647,187],{},[57,101649,101650],{"className":59,"code":100593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,101651,101652],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101653,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101655,9569],{"class":80},[66,101657,1714],{"class":117},[66,101659,105],{"class":80},[66,101661,1719],{"class":117},[66,101663,121],{"class":80},[20,101665,243,101666,101668],{},[15,101667,100500],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101670,101671,101672,33668],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101673,101411],{},[44993,101675],{},[52,101677,101679,101681,101682,101684],{"id":101678},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101680,100500],{}," vs the ",[15,101683,2319],{}," operator",[20,101686,2277,101687,101689,101690,101692],{},[15,101688,2319],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101691,100500],{}," for two sets.",[57,101694,101696],{"className":59,"code":101695,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101697,101698,101722,101738,101742,101760],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101699,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718,101720],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101701,2853],{"class":72},[66,101703,77],{"class":76},[66,101705,81],{"class":80},[66,101707,1714],{"class":117},[66,101709,105],{"class":80},[66,101711,1719],{"class":117},[66,101713,105],{"class":80},[66,101715,1724],{"class":117},[66,101717,105],{"class":80},[66,101719,2755],{"class":117},[66,101721,121],{"class":80},[66,101723,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101725,2881],{"class":72},[66,101727,77],{"class":76},[66,101729,81],{"class":80},[66,101731,2360],{"class":117},[66,101733,105],{"class":80},[66,101735,2755],{"class":117},[66,101737,121],{"class":80},[66,101739,101740],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,101741,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101743,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,101745,155],{"class":154},[66,101747,158],{"class":80},[66,101749,652],{"class":137},[66,101751,50],{"class":80},[66,101753,3111],{"class":137},[66,101755,158],{"class":80},[66,101757,1903],{"class":137},[66,101759,181],{"class":80},[66,101761,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,101763,155],{"class":154},[66,101765,158],{"class":80},[66,101767,2853],{"class":137},[66,101769,2319],{"class":76},[66,101771,2858],{"class":137},[66,101773,163],{"class":80},[20,101775,187],{},[57,101777,101779],{"className":59,"code":101778,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101780,101781,101793],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101782,101783,101785,101787,101789,101791],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101784,9569],{"class":80},[66,101786,1714],{"class":117},[66,101788,105],{"class":80},[66,101790,1719],{"class":117},[66,101792,121],{"class":80},[66,101794,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101796,9569],{"class":80},[66,101798,1714],{"class":117},[66,101800,105],{"class":80},[66,101802,1719],{"class":117},[66,101804,121],{"class":80},[20,101806,101807],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101809,94674,101810,2151],{},[15,101811,100500],{},[30,101813,101814,101817,101820],{},[33,101815,101816],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101818,101819],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101821,101822],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101824,101825],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[57,101827,101829],{"className":59,"code":101828,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101830,101831,101859,101871,101883,101887],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101832,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101834,2853],{"class":72},[66,101836,77],{"class":76},[66,101838,81],{"class":80},[66,101840,1714],{"class":117},[66,101842,105],{"class":80},[66,101844,1719],{"class":117},[66,101846,105],{"class":80},[66,101848,1724],{"class":117},[66,101850,105],{"class":80},[66,101852,2755],{"class":117},[66,101854,105],{"class":80},[66,101856,1231],{"class":117},[66,101858,121],{"class":80},[66,101860,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101862,2881],{"class":72},[66,101864,77],{"class":76},[66,101866,81],{"class":80},[66,101868,2354],{"class":117},[66,101870,121],{"class":80},[66,101872,101873,101875,101877,101879,101881],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,101874,83269],{"class":72},[66,101876,77],{"class":76},[66,101878,81],{"class":80},[66,101880,2803],{"class":117},[66,101882,121],{"class":80},[66,101884,101885],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,101886,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101888,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,101890,155],{"class":154},[66,101892,158],{"class":80},[66,101894,652],{"class":137},[66,101896,50],{"class":80},[66,101898,3111],{"class":137},[66,101900,158],{"class":80},[66,101902,1903],{"class":137},[66,101904,105],{"class":80},[66,101906,9969],{"class":137},[66,101908,181],{"class":80},[20,101910,187],{},[57,101912,101914],{"className":59,"code":101913,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101915,101916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101917,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101919,9569],{"class":80},[66,101921,1714],{"class":117},[66,101923,105],{"class":80},[66,101925,1724],{"class":117},[66,101927,105],{"class":80},[66,101929,1231],{"class":117},[66,101931,121],{"class":80},[20,101933,101934,101935,101937],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101936,2319],{}," operator expression.",[44993,101939],{},[52,101941,4814],{"id":4813},[20,101943,21469,101944,50],{},[15,101945,100500],{},[1430,101947,101949],{"id":101948},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101951,4923,101952,101954,101955,94],{},[185,101953,4926],{}," change ",[15,101956,652],{},[57,101958,101960],{"className":59,"code":101959,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101961,101962,101982,101994,101998,102012],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,101963,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,101965,2853],{"class":72},[66,101967,77],{"class":76},[66,101969,81],{"class":80},[66,101971,1714],{"class":117},[66,101973,105],{"class":80},[66,101975,1719],{"class":117},[66,101977,105],{"class":80},[66,101979,1724],{"class":117},[66,101981,121],{"class":80},[66,101983,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,101985,2881],{"class":72},[66,101987,77],{"class":76},[66,101989,81],{"class":80},[66,101991,2360],{"class":117},[66,101993,121],{"class":80},[66,101995,101996],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,101997,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,101999,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,102001,652],{"class":72},[66,102003,50],{"class":80},[66,102005,3111],{"class":137},[66,102007,158],{"class":80},[66,102009,1903],{"class":137},[66,102011,163],{"class":80},[66,102013,102014,102016,102018,102020],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,102015,155],{"class":154},[66,102017,158],{"class":80},[66,102019,652],{"class":137},[66,102021,163],{"class":80},[20,102023,187],{},[57,102025,102026],{"className":59,"code":96693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,102027,102028],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102029,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102031,9569],{"class":80},[66,102033,1714],{"class":117},[66,102035,105],{"class":80},[66,102037,1719],{"class":117},[66,102039,105],{"class":80},[66,102041,1724],{"class":117},[66,102043,121],{"class":80},[20,102045,102046],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[57,102048,102050],{"className":59,"code":102049,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102051,102052,102072,102084,102088,102106],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102053,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102055,2853],{"class":72},[66,102057,77],{"class":76},[66,102059,81],{"class":80},[66,102061,1714],{"class":117},[66,102063,105],{"class":80},[66,102065,1719],{"class":117},[66,102067,105],{"class":80},[66,102069,1724],{"class":117},[66,102071,121],{"class":80},[66,102073,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102075,2881],{"class":72},[66,102077,77],{"class":76},[66,102079,81],{"class":80},[66,102081,2360],{"class":117},[66,102083,121],{"class":80},[66,102085,102086],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,102087,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,102089,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,102091,2853],{"class":72},[66,102093,77],{"class":76},[66,102095,56968],{"class":72},[66,102097,50],{"class":80},[66,102099,3111],{"class":137},[66,102101,158],{"class":80},[66,102103,1903],{"class":137},[66,102105,163],{"class":80},[66,102107,102108,102110,102112,102114],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,102109,155],{"class":154},[66,102111,158],{"class":80},[66,102113,652],{"class":137},[66,102115,163],{"class":80},[20,102117,187],{},[57,102119,102120],{"className":59,"code":100593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,102121,102122],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102123,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102125,9569],{"class":80},[66,102127,1714],{"class":117},[66,102129,105],{"class":80},[66,102131,1719],{"class":117},[66,102133,121],{"class":80},[1430,102135,102137],{"id":102136},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102139,102140,102143],{},[15,102141,102142],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,102145,102146,102151],{},[33,102147,102148,102149],{},"keep items from ",[15,102150,652],{},[33,102152,102153,102154],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102155,1903],{},[20,102157,40980,102158,102160,102161,102163],{},[185,102159,4926],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102162,1903],{},"”.",[20,102165,281],{},[57,102167,102169],{"className":59,"code":102168,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102170,102171,102191,102211,102215,102233],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102172,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102174,2853],{"class":72},[66,102176,77],{"class":76},[66,102178,81],{"class":80},[66,102180,1714],{"class":117},[66,102182,105],{"class":80},[66,102184,1719],{"class":117},[66,102186,105],{"class":80},[66,102188,1724],{"class":117},[66,102190,121],{"class":80},[66,102192,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102194,2881],{"class":72},[66,102196,77],{"class":76},[66,102198,81],{"class":80},[66,102200,2360],{"class":117},[66,102202,105],{"class":80},[66,102204,2755],{"class":117},[66,102206,105],{"class":80},[66,102208,1231],{"class":117},[66,102210,121],{"class":80},[66,102212,102213],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,102214,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,102216,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,102218,155],{"class":154},[66,102220,158],{"class":80},[66,102222,652],{"class":137},[66,102224,50],{"class":80},[66,102226,3111],{"class":137},[66,102228,158],{"class":80},[66,102230,1903],{"class":137},[66,102232,181],{"class":80},[66,102234,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,102236,155],{"class":154},[66,102238,158],{"class":80},[66,102240,1903],{"class":137},[66,102242,50],{"class":80},[66,102244,3111],{"class":137},[66,102246,158],{"class":80},[66,102248,652],{"class":137},[66,102250,181],{"class":80},[20,102252,187],{},[57,102254,102256],{"className":59,"code":102255,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102257,102258,102270],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102259,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102261,9569],{"class":80},[66,102263,1714],{"class":117},[66,102265,105],{"class":80},[66,102267,1719],{"class":117},[66,102269,121],{"class":80},[66,102271,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102273,9569],{"class":80},[66,102275,2803],{"class":117},[66,102277,105],{"class":80},[66,102279,1231],{"class":117},[66,102281,121],{"class":80},[20,102283,102284],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1430,102286,102288],{"id":102287},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102290,102291,102293],{},[15,102292,100500],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102295,55399],{},[57,102297,102299],{"className":59,"code":102298,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102300,102301,102321,102337,102341],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102302,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102304,2853],{"class":72},[66,102306,77],{"class":76},[66,102308,1711],{"class":80},[66,102310,1714],{"class":117},[66,102312,105],{"class":80},[66,102314,1719],{"class":117},[66,102316,105],{"class":80},[66,102318,1724],{"class":117},[66,102320,240],{"class":80},[66,102322,102323,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102324,2881],{"class":72},[66,102326,77],{"class":76},[66,102328,1711],{"class":80},[66,102330,2360],{"class":117},[66,102332,105],{"class":80},[66,102334,2755],{"class":117},[66,102336,240],{"class":80},[66,102338,102339],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,102340,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,102342,102343],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,102344,102345],{"class":1945},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102347,102348],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[57,102350,102352],{"className":59,"code":102351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102353,102354,102374,102390,102394,102420],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102355,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102357,2853],{"class":72},[66,102359,77],{"class":76},[66,102361,1711],{"class":80},[66,102363,1714],{"class":117},[66,102365,105],{"class":80},[66,102367,1719],{"class":117},[66,102369,105],{"class":80},[66,102371,1724],{"class":117},[66,102373,240],{"class":80},[66,102375,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102377,2881],{"class":72},[66,102379,77],{"class":76},[66,102381,1711],{"class":80},[66,102383,2360],{"class":117},[66,102385,105],{"class":80},[66,102387,2755],{"class":117},[66,102389,240],{"class":80},[66,102391,102392],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,102393,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,102395,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,102397,877],{"class":72},[66,102399,77],{"class":76},[66,102401,15907],{"class":173},[66,102403,158],{"class":80},[66,102405,652],{"class":137},[66,102407,8924],{"class":80},[66,102409,3111],{"class":137},[66,102411,158],{"class":80},[66,102413,6580],{"class":173},[66,102415,158],{"class":80},[66,102417,1903],{"class":137},[66,102419,181],{"class":80},[66,102421,102422,102424,102426,102428],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,102423,155],{"class":154},[66,102425,158],{"class":80},[66,102427,901],{"class":137},[66,102429,163],{"class":80},[20,102431,187],{},[57,102433,102434],{"className":59,"code":100593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,102435,102436],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102437,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102439,9569],{"class":80},[66,102441,1714],{"class":117},[66,102443,105],{"class":80},[66,102445,1719],{"class":117},[66,102447,121],{"class":80},[1430,102449,102451],{"id":102450},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102453,102454],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[57,102456,102458],{"className":59,"code":102457,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102459,102460,102492,102508,102512],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102461,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102463,2853],{"class":72},[66,102465,77],{"class":76},[66,102467,81],{"class":80},[66,102469,85],{"class":84},[66,102471,37119],{"class":88},[66,102473,85],{"class":84},[66,102475,105],{"class":80},[66,102477,97],{"class":84},[66,102479,58208],{"class":88},[66,102481,85],{"class":84},[66,102483,105],{"class":80},[66,102485,97],{"class":84},[66,102487,58225],{"class":88},[66,102489,85],{"class":84},[66,102491,121],{"class":80},[66,102493,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102495,2881],{"class":72},[66,102497,77],{"class":76},[66,102499,81],{"class":80},[66,102501,85],{"class":84},[66,102503,58208],{"class":88},[66,102505,85],{"class":84},[66,102507,121],{"class":80},[66,102509,102510],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,102511,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,102513,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,102515,155],{"class":154},[66,102517,158],{"class":80},[66,102519,652],{"class":137},[66,102521,50],{"class":80},[66,102523,3111],{"class":137},[66,102525,158],{"class":80},[66,102527,1903],{"class":137},[66,102529,181],{"class":80},[20,102531,102532],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1430,102534,102536],{"id":102535},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102538,102539],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[57,102541,102543],{"className":59,"code":102542,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102544,102545,102573,102585,102589,102599],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102546,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102548,2853],{"class":72},[66,102550,77],{"class":76},[66,102552,81],{"class":80},[66,102554,1714],{"class":117},[66,102556,105],{"class":80},[66,102558,1896],{"class":117},[66,102560,105],{"class":80},[66,102562,1719],{"class":117},[66,102564,105],{"class":80},[66,102566,1719],{"class":117},[66,102568,105],{"class":80},[66,102570,1724],{"class":117},[66,102572,121],{"class":80},[66,102574,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102576,2881],{"class":72},[66,102578,77],{"class":76},[66,102580,81],{"class":80},[66,102582,2360],{"class":117},[66,102584,121],{"class":80},[66,102586,102587],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,102588,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,102590,102591,102593,102595,102597],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,102592,155],{"class":154},[66,102594,158],{"class":80},[66,102596,652],{"class":137},[66,102598,163],{"class":80},[66,102600,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,102602,155],{"class":154},[66,102604,158],{"class":80},[66,102606,652],{"class":137},[66,102608,50],{"class":80},[66,102610,3111],{"class":137},[66,102612,158],{"class":80},[66,102614,1903],{"class":137},[66,102616,181],{"class":80},[20,102618,187],{},[57,102620,102622],{"className":59,"code":102621,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102623,102624,102640],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102625,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102627,9569],{"class":80},[66,102629,1714],{"class":117},[66,102631,105],{"class":80},[66,102633,1719],{"class":117},[66,102635,105],{"class":80},[66,102637,1724],{"class":117},[66,102639,121],{"class":80},[66,102641,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102643,9569],{"class":80},[66,102645,1714],{"class":117},[66,102647,105],{"class":80},[66,102649,1719],{"class":117},[66,102651,121],{"class":80},[20,102653,102654,102655,102657],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102656,100500],{}," runs.",[1430,102659,102661],{"id":102660},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102663,102664],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[57,102666,102668],{"className":59,"code":102667,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102669,102670,102694,102714,102718,102728,102738,102756,102778],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102671,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102673,2853],{"class":72},[66,102675,77],{"class":76},[66,102677,81],{"class":80},[66,102679,1714],{"class":117},[66,102681,105],{"class":80},[66,102683,1719],{"class":117},[66,102685,105],{"class":80},[66,102687,1724],{"class":117},[66,102689,105],{"class":80},[66,102691,2755],{"class":117},[66,102693,121],{"class":80},[66,102695,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,102697,2881],{"class":72},[66,102699,77],{"class":76},[66,102701,81],{"class":80},[66,102703,2360],{"class":117},[66,102705,105],{"class":80},[66,102707,2755],{"class":117},[66,102709,105],{"class":80},[66,102711,1231],{"class":117},[66,102713,121],{"class":80},[66,102715,102716],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,102717,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,102719,102720,102722,102724,102726],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,102721,155],{"class":154},[66,102723,158],{"class":80},[66,102725,652],{"class":137},[66,102727,163],{"class":80},[66,102729,102730,102732,102734,102736],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,102731,155],{"class":154},[66,102733,158],{"class":80},[66,102735,1903],{"class":137},[66,102737,163],{"class":80},[66,102739,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,102741,155],{"class":154},[66,102743,158],{"class":80},[66,102745,652],{"class":137},[66,102747,50],{"class":80},[66,102749,3111],{"class":137},[66,102751,158],{"class":80},[66,102753,1903],{"class":137},[66,102755,181],{"class":80},[66,102757,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,102759,155],{"class":154},[66,102761,158],{"class":80},[66,102763,912],{"class":173},[66,102765,158],{"class":80},[66,102767,652],{"class":137},[66,102769,50],{"class":80},[66,102771,3111],{"class":137},[66,102773,158],{"class":80},[66,102775,1903],{"class":137},[66,102777,3210],{"class":80},[66,102779,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792,102794,102796,102798],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,102781,155],{"class":154},[66,102783,158],{"class":80},[66,102785,11445],{"class":154},[66,102787,158],{"class":80},[66,102789,652],{"class":137},[66,102791,50],{"class":80},[66,102793,3111],{"class":137},[66,102795,158],{"class":80},[66,102797,1903],{"class":137},[66,102799,3210],{"class":80},[20,102801,11454],{},[30,102803,102804,102807,102810,102813],{},[33,102805,102806],{},"what is in each set",[33,102808,102809],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102811,102812],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102814,102815],{},"how many items remain",[44993,102817],{},[52,102819,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,102821,12986,102823,102825],{"id":102822},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102824,100500],{}," change the original set?",[20,102827,102828],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1430,102830,5475,102832,4688,102834,2151],{"id":102831},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102833,100500],{},[15,102835,101411],{},[20,102837,102838,102840,102841,102843],{},[15,102839,100500],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102842,101411],{}," modifies the original set.",[1430,102845,28393,102847,102849],{"id":102846},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102848,100500],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102851,102852],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1430,102854,102856],{"id":102855},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102858,102859],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44993,102861],{},[52,102863,2183],{"id":2182},[30,102865,102866,102870,102878],{},[33,102867,102868],{},[652,102869,96414],{"href":97585},[33,102871,102872],{},[652,102873,96900,102875,978],{"href":102874},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102876,102877],{},"intersection()",[33,102879,102880],{},[652,102881,96900,102883,978],{"href":102882},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102884,102885],{},"union()",[2222,102887,102888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":102890},[102891,102892,102894,102895,102896,102897,102899,102904,102906,102914,102923],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":100622,"depth":124,"text":102893},"What difference() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":101241,"depth":124,"text":102898},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101406,"depth":124,"text":102900,"children":102901},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102902,102903],{"id":3111,"depth":144,"text":100500},{"id":101559,"depth":144,"text":101411},{"id":101678,"depth":124,"text":102905},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":102907},[102908,102909,102910,102911,102912,102913],{"id":101948,"depth":144,"text":101949},{"id":102136,"depth":144,"text":102137},{"id":102287,"depth":144,"text":102288},{"id":102450,"depth":144,"text":102451},{"id":102535,"depth":144,"text":102536},{"id":102660,"depth":144,"text":102661},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":102915},[102916,102918,102920,102922],{"id":102822,"depth":144,"text":102917},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102831,"depth":144,"text":102919},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102846,"depth":144,"text":102921},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102855,"depth":144,"text":102856},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100492,"description":102924},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102931,"title":102932,"body":102933,"description":104628,"extension":2260,"meta":104629,"navigation":147,"path":104630,"seo":104631,"stem":104632,"__hash__":104633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102934,"toc":104590},[102935,102941,102947,102960,102962,103063,103065,103110,103115,103120,103124,103138,103141,103149,103151,103170,103188,103192,103245,103247,103268,103275,103280,103307,103314,103413,103415,103452,103460,103464,103470,103473,103546,103548,103556,103561,103630,103632,103657,103659,103662,103765,103767,103828,103831,103835,103841,103914,103916,103949,103952,103955,103995,104001,104024,104029,104033,104044,104047,104049,104053,104059,104061,104118,104128,104130,104183,104190,104195,104263,104271,104277,104281,104283,104322,104327,104376,104380,104383,104385,104424,104427,104429,104434,104491,104493,104507,104509,104513,104519,104524,104529,104536,104547,104553,104558,104560,104587],[10,102936,96286,102938,18],{"id":102937},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102939,102940],{},"discard()",[20,102942,102943,102946],{},[15,102944,102945],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102948,102949,102950,2487,102955,14330,102957,102959],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[652,102951,102952],{"href":98295},[15,102953,102954],{},"set.remove()",[15,102956,102940],{},[185,102958,4926],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[52,102961,55],{"id":54},[57,102963,102965],{"className":59,"code":102964,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102966,102967,102999,103018,103028,103032,103053],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,102968,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,102970,13356],{"class":72},[66,102972,77],{"class":76},[66,102974,81],{"class":80},[66,102976,85],{"class":84},[66,102978,13373],{"class":88},[66,102980,85],{"class":84},[66,102982,105],{"class":80},[66,102984,97],{"class":84},[66,102986,13390],{"class":88},[66,102988,85],{"class":84},[66,102990,105],{"class":80},[66,102992,97],{"class":84},[66,102994,17716],{"class":88},[66,102996,85],{"class":84},[66,102998,121],{"class":80},[66,103000,103001,103003,103005,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103002,17763],{"class":72},[66,103004,50],{"class":80},[66,103006,103007],{"class":137},"discard",[66,103009,158],{"class":80},[66,103011,85],{"class":84},[66,103013,13390],{"class":88},[66,103015,85],{"class":84},[66,103017,163],{"class":80},[66,103019,103020,103022,103024,103026],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,103021,155],{"class":154},[66,103023,158],{"class":80},[66,103025,17763],{"class":137},[66,103027,163],{"class":80},[66,103029,103030],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,103031,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103033,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,103035,17763],{"class":72},[66,103037,50],{"class":80},[66,103039,103007],{"class":137},[66,103041,158],{"class":80},[66,103043,85],{"class":84},[66,103045,22778],{"class":88},[66,103047,85],{"class":84},[66,103049,3954],{"class":80},[66,103051,103052],{"class":1945},"  # no error if missing\n",[66,103054,103055,103057,103059,103061],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,103056,155],{"class":154},[66,103058,158],{"class":80},[66,103060,17763],{"class":137},[66,103062,163],{"class":80},[20,103064,30095],{},[57,103066,103068],{"className":59,"code":103067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103069,103070,103090],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103071,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103073,9569],{"class":80},[66,103075,202],{"class":84},[66,103077,13373],{"class":88},[66,103079,202],{"class":84},[66,103081,105],{"class":80},[66,103083,211],{"class":84},[66,103085,17716],{"class":88},[66,103087,202],{"class":84},[66,103089,121],{"class":80},[66,103091,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103093,9569],{"class":80},[66,103095,202],{"class":84},[66,103097,13373],{"class":88},[66,103099,202],{"class":84},[66,103101,105],{"class":80},[66,103103,211],{"class":84},[66,103105,17716],{"class":88},[66,103107,202],{"class":84},[66,103109,121],{"class":80},[20,103111,243,103112,103114],{},[15,103113,102940],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[52,103116,250,103118,253],{"id":103117},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103119,102945],{},[20,103121,103122,94],{},[15,103123,102940],{},[30,103125,103126,103129,103132,103134],{},[33,103127,103128],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,103130,103131],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,103133,96401],{},[33,103135,11706,103136],{},[15,103137,4071],{},[20,103139,103140],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103142,96410,103143,3176,103146,50],{},[652,103144,103145],{"href":98877},"what a set is in Python",[652,103147,103148],{"href":97969},"how to create a set",[52,103150,2455],{"id":2454},[57,103152,103154],{"className":59,"code":103153,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103155,103156],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103157,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103159,15940],{"class":72},[66,103161,50],{"class":80},[66,103163,103007],{"class":137},[66,103165,158],{"class":80},[66,103167,2771],{"class":137},[66,103169,163],{"class":80},[30,103171,103172,103177,103182,103185],{},[33,103173,103174,103176],{},[15,103175,15940],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,103178,103179,103181],{},[15,103180,2771],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,103183,103184],{},"The set must already exist",[33,103186,103187],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1430,103189,103191],{"id":103190},"example","Example",[57,103193,103195],{"className":59,"code":103194,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103196,103197,103221,103235],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103198,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103200,1706],{"class":72},[66,103202,77],{"class":76},[66,103204,81],{"class":80},[66,103206,1714],{"class":117},[66,103208,105],{"class":80},[66,103210,1719],{"class":117},[66,103212,105],{"class":80},[66,103214,1724],{"class":117},[66,103216,105],{"class":80},[66,103218,2755],{"class":117},[66,103220,121],{"class":80},[66,103222,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103224,1735],{"class":72},[66,103226,50],{"class":80},[66,103228,103007],{"class":137},[66,103230,158],{"class":80},[66,103232,2360],{"class":117},[66,103234,163],{"class":80},[66,103236,103237,103239,103241,103243],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,103238,155],{"class":154},[66,103240,158],{"class":80},[66,103242,1735],{"class":137},[66,103244,163],{"class":80},[20,103246,187],{},[57,103248,103250],{"className":59,"code":103249,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103251,103252],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103255,9569],{"class":80},[66,103257,1714],{"class":117},[66,103259,105],{"class":80},[66,103261,1719],{"class":117},[66,103263,105],{"class":80},[66,103265,2755],{"class":117},[66,103267,121],{"class":80},[52,103269,103271,103272,103274],{"id":103270},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103273,102940],{}," different",[20,103276,103277,103279],{},[15,103278,102940],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,103281,103282,103295,103304],{},[33,103283,103284,103285,2487,103289,103291,103292,103294],{},"Unlike ",[652,103286,103287],{"href":98295},[15,103288,55609],{},[15,103290,102940],{}," does not raise ",[15,103293,19947],{}," when the item is missing",[33,103296,103284,103297,2487,103301,103303],{},[652,103298,103299],{"href":98300},[15,103300,13045],{},[15,103302,102940],{}," removes a specific item",[33,103305,103306],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1430,103308,103310,10871,103312],{"id":103309},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103311,102940],{},[15,103313,55609],{},[57,103315,103317],{"className":59,"code":103316,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103318,103319,103343,103347,103368,103378,103382,103403],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103320,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103322,8073],{"class":72},[66,103324,77],{"class":76},[66,103326,81],{"class":80},[66,103328,85],{"class":84},[66,103330,4372],{"class":88},[66,103332,85],{"class":84},[66,103334,105],{"class":80},[66,103336,97],{"class":84},[66,103338,4381],{"class":88},[66,103340,85],{"class":84},[66,103342,121],{"class":80},[66,103344,103345],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103346,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103348,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363,103365],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,103350,8103],{"class":72},[66,103352,50],{"class":80},[66,103354,103007],{"class":137},[66,103356,158],{"class":80},[66,103358,85],{"class":84},[66,103360,33288],{"class":88},[66,103362,85],{"class":84},[66,103364,3954],{"class":80},[66,103366,103367],{"class":1945},"   # no error\n",[66,103369,103370,103372,103374,103376],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,103371,155],{"class":154},[66,103373,158],{"class":80},[66,103375,8103],{"class":137},[66,103377,163],{"class":80},[66,103379,103380],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,103381,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103383,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,103385,8103],{"class":72},[66,103387,50],{"class":80},[66,103389,34863],{"class":137},[66,103391,158],{"class":80},[66,103393,85],{"class":84},[66,103395,4381],{"class":88},[66,103397,85],{"class":84},[66,103399,3954],{"class":80},[66,103401,103402],{"class":1945},"    # removes existing item\n",[66,103404,103405,103407,103409,103411],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,103406,155],{"class":154},[66,103408,158],{"class":80},[66,103410,8103],{"class":137},[66,103412,163],{"class":80},[20,103414,187],{},[57,103416,103418],{"className":59,"code":103417,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103419,103420,103440],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103421,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103423,9569],{"class":80},[66,103425,202],{"class":84},[66,103427,4372],{"class":88},[66,103429,202],{"class":84},[66,103431,105],{"class":80},[66,103433,211],{"class":84},[66,103435,4381],{"class":88},[66,103437,202],{"class":84},[66,103439,121],{"class":80},[66,103441,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103443,9569],{"class":80},[66,103445,202],{"class":84},[66,103447,4372],{"class":88},[66,103449,202],{"class":84},[66,103451,121],{"class":80},[20,103453,40417,103454,103456,103457,103459],{},[15,103455,55609],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[652,103458,11359],{"href":11358}," for more help with that case.",[52,103461,103463],{"id":103462},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103465,103466,2695,103468,50],{},[15,103467,102940],{},[15,103469,4071],{},[20,103471,103472],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[57,103474,103476],{"className":59,"code":103475,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103477,103478,103510,103532,103536],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103479,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103481,13356],{"class":72},[66,103483,77],{"class":76},[66,103485,81],{"class":80},[66,103487,85],{"class":84},[66,103489,13373],{"class":88},[66,103491,85],{"class":84},[66,103493,105],{"class":80},[66,103495,97],{"class":84},[66,103497,13390],{"class":88},[66,103499,85],{"class":84},[66,103501,105],{"class":80},[66,103503,97],{"class":84},[66,103505,17716],{"class":88},[66,103507,85],{"class":84},[66,103509,121],{"class":80},[66,103511,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103513,877],{"class":72},[66,103515,77],{"class":76},[66,103517,13404],{"class":72},[66,103519,50],{"class":80},[66,103521,103007],{"class":137},[66,103523,158],{"class":80},[66,103525,85],{"class":84},[66,103527,13390],{"class":88},[66,103529,85],{"class":84},[66,103531,163],{"class":80},[66,103533,103534],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,103535,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103537,103538,103540,103542,103544],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,103539,155],{"class":154},[66,103541,158],{"class":80},[66,103543,901],{"class":137},[66,103545,163],{"class":80},[20,103547,187],{},[57,103549,103550],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,103551,103552],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103553,103554],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103555,12089],{"class":4146},[20,103557,103558,103559,94],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103560,17763],{},[57,103562,103564],{"className":59,"code":103563,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103565,103566,103598,103616,103620],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103567,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103569,13356],{"class":72},[66,103571,77],{"class":76},[66,103573,81],{"class":80},[66,103575,85],{"class":84},[66,103577,13373],{"class":88},[66,103579,85],{"class":84},[66,103581,105],{"class":80},[66,103583,97],{"class":84},[66,103585,13390],{"class":88},[66,103587,85],{"class":84},[66,103589,105],{"class":80},[66,103591,97],{"class":84},[66,103593,17716],{"class":88},[66,103595,85],{"class":84},[66,103597,121],{"class":80},[66,103599,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103601,17763],{"class":72},[66,103603,50],{"class":80},[66,103605,103007],{"class":137},[66,103607,158],{"class":80},[66,103609,85],{"class":84},[66,103611,13390],{"class":88},[66,103613,85],{"class":84},[66,103615,163],{"class":80},[66,103617,103618],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,103619,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103621,103622,103624,103626,103628],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,103623,155],{"class":154},[66,103625,158],{"class":80},[66,103627,17763],{"class":137},[66,103629,163],{"class":80},[20,103631,187],{},[57,103633,103635],{"className":59,"code":103634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103636,103637],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103640,9569],{"class":80},[66,103642,202],{"class":84},[66,103644,13373],{"class":88},[66,103646,202],{"class":84},[66,103648,105],{"class":80},[66,103650,211],{"class":84},[66,103652,17716],{"class":88},[66,103654,202],{"class":84},[66,103656,121],{"class":80},[52,103658,11756],{"id":11755},[20,103660,103661],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[57,103663,103665],{"className":59,"code":103664,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103666,103667,103699,103703,103721,103725,103743,103747],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103668,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103670,36310],{"class":72},[66,103672,77],{"class":76},[66,103674,81],{"class":80},[66,103676,85],{"class":84},[66,103678,4372],{"class":88},[66,103680,85],{"class":84},[66,103682,105],{"class":80},[66,103684,97],{"class":84},[66,103686,4381],{"class":88},[66,103688,85],{"class":84},[66,103690,105],{"class":80},[66,103692,97],{"class":84},[66,103694,33288],{"class":88},[66,103696,85],{"class":84},[66,103698,121],{"class":80},[66,103700,103701],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103702,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103704,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,103706,155],{"class":154},[66,103708,158],{"class":80},[66,103710,85],{"class":84},[66,103712,11845],{"class":88},[66,103714,85],{"class":84},[66,103716,105],{"class":80},[66,103718,52931],{"class":137},[66,103720,163],{"class":80},[66,103722,103723],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,103724,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103726,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,103728,36362],{"class":72},[66,103730,50],{"class":80},[66,103732,103007],{"class":137},[66,103734,158],{"class":80},[66,103736,85],{"class":84},[66,103738,4381],{"class":88},[66,103740,85],{"class":84},[66,103742,163],{"class":80},[66,103744,103745],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,103746,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103748,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,103750,155],{"class":154},[66,103752,158],{"class":80},[66,103754,85],{"class":84},[66,103756,11885],{"class":88},[66,103758,85],{"class":84},[66,103760,105],{"class":80},[66,103762,52931],{"class":137},[66,103764,163],{"class":80},[20,103766,187],{},[57,103768,103770],{"className":59,"code":103769,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103771,103772,103804],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103773,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103775,11905],{"class":72},[66,103777,94],{"class":80},[66,103779,81],{"class":80},[66,103781,202],{"class":84},[66,103783,4381],{"class":88},[66,103785,202],{"class":84},[66,103787,105],{"class":80},[66,103789,211],{"class":84},[66,103791,4372],{"class":88},[66,103793,202],{"class":84},[66,103795,105],{"class":80},[66,103797,211],{"class":84},[66,103799,33288],{"class":88},[66,103801,202],{"class":84},[66,103803,121],{"class":80},[66,103805,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103807,11958],{"class":72},[66,103809,94],{"class":80},[66,103811,81],{"class":80},[66,103813,202],{"class":84},[66,103815,4372],{"class":88},[66,103817,202],{"class":84},[66,103819,105],{"class":80},[66,103821,211],{"class":84},[66,103823,33288],{"class":88},[66,103825,202],{"class":84},[66,103827,121],{"class":80},[20,103829,103830],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[52,103832,103834],{"id":103833},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103836,103837,103838,103840],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103839,102940],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[57,103842,103844],{"className":59,"code":103843,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103845,103846,103878,103882,103900,103904],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103847,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103849,36310],{"class":72},[66,103851,77],{"class":76},[66,103853,81],{"class":80},[66,103855,85],{"class":84},[66,103857,4372],{"class":88},[66,103859,85],{"class":84},[66,103861,105],{"class":80},[66,103863,97],{"class":84},[66,103865,4381],{"class":88},[66,103867,85],{"class":84},[66,103869,105],{"class":80},[66,103871,97],{"class":84},[66,103873,33288],{"class":88},[66,103875,85],{"class":84},[66,103877,121],{"class":80},[66,103879,103880],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103881,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103883,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,103885,36362],{"class":72},[66,103887,50],{"class":80},[66,103889,103007],{"class":137},[66,103891,158],{"class":80},[66,103893,85],{"class":84},[66,103895,22787],{"class":88},[66,103897,85],{"class":84},[66,103899,163],{"class":80},[66,103901,103902],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,103903,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,103905,103906,103908,103910,103912],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,103907,155],{"class":154},[66,103909,158],{"class":80},[66,103911,36362],{"class":137},[66,103913,163],{"class":80},[20,103915,187],{},[57,103917,103919],{"className":59,"code":103918,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103920,103921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103922,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103924,9569],{"class":80},[66,103926,202],{"class":84},[66,103928,4381],{"class":88},[66,103930,202],{"class":84},[66,103932,105],{"class":80},[66,103934,211],{"class":84},[66,103936,4372],{"class":88},[66,103938,202],{"class":84},[66,103940,105],{"class":80},[66,103942,211],{"class":84},[66,103944,33288],{"class":88},[66,103946,202],{"class":84},[66,103948,121],{"class":80},[20,103950,103951],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103953,103954],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[57,103956,103958],{"className":59,"code":103957,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103959,103960,103976],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,103961,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,103963,7291],{"class":1060},[66,103965,97],{"class":84},[66,103967,22787],{"class":88},[66,103969,85],{"class":84},[66,103971,1372],{"class":76},[66,103973,52931],{"class":72},[66,103975,1133],{"class":80},[66,103977,103978,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,103979,103980],{"class":72},"    fruits",[66,103982,50],{"class":80},[66,103984,34863],{"class":137},[66,103986,158],{"class":80},[66,103988,85],{"class":84},[66,103990,22787],{"class":88},[66,103992,85],{"class":84},[66,103994,163],{"class":80},[20,103996,103997,103998,104000],{},"With ",[15,103999,102940],{},", you can simply write:",[57,104002,104004],{"className":59,"code":104003,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104005,104006],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104007,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104009,36362],{"class":72},[66,104011,50],{"class":80},[66,104013,103007],{"class":137},[66,104015,158],{"class":80},[66,104017,85],{"class":84},[66,104019,22787],{"class":88},[66,104021,85],{"class":84},[66,104023,163],{"class":80},[52,104025,1154,104027],{"id":104026},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104028,102940],{},[20,104030,243,104031,1161],{},[15,104032,102940],{},[30,104034,104035,104038,104041],{},[33,104036,104037],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,104039,104040],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,104042,104043],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104045,104046],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[52,104048,1838],{"id":1837},[20,104050,8740,104051,50],{},[15,104052,102940],{},[1430,104054,1433,104056,104058],{"id":104055},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104057,102940],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104060,4821],{},[57,104062,104064],{"className":59,"code":104063,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104065,104066,104086,104104,104108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104067,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104069,1706],{"class":72},[66,104071,77],{"class":76},[66,104073,81],{"class":80},[66,104075,1714],{"class":117},[66,104077,105],{"class":80},[66,104079,1719],{"class":117},[66,104081,105],{"class":80},[66,104083,1724],{"class":117},[66,104085,121],{"class":80},[66,104087,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104089,1706],{"class":72},[66,104091,77],{"class":76},[66,104093,4557],{"class":72},[66,104095,50],{"class":80},[66,104097,103007],{"class":137},[66,104099,158],{"class":80},[66,104101,2354],{"class":117},[66,104103,163],{"class":80},[66,104105,104106],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,104107,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,104109,104110,104112,104114,104116],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,104111,155],{"class":154},[66,104113,158],{"class":80},[66,104115,1735],{"class":137},[66,104117,163],{"class":80},[20,104119,104120,42230,104122,8894,104124,2695,104126,50],{},[15,104121,1735],{},[15,104123,4071],{},[15,104125,102940],{},[15,104127,4071],{},[20,104129,19100],{},[57,104131,104133],{"className":59,"code":104132,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104134,104135,104155,104169,104173],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104136,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151,104153],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104138,1706],{"class":72},[66,104140,77],{"class":76},[66,104142,81],{"class":80},[66,104144,1714],{"class":117},[66,104146,105],{"class":80},[66,104148,1719],{"class":117},[66,104150,105],{"class":80},[66,104152,1724],{"class":117},[66,104154,121],{"class":80},[66,104156,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104158,1735],{"class":72},[66,104160,50],{"class":80},[66,104162,103007],{"class":137},[66,104164,158],{"class":80},[66,104166,2354],{"class":117},[66,104168,163],{"class":80},[66,104170,104171],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,104172,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,104174,104175,104177,104179,104181],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,104176,155],{"class":154},[66,104178,158],{"class":80},[66,104180,1735],{"class":137},[66,104182,163],{"class":80},[1430,104184,37276,104186,8997,104188],{"id":104185},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104187,102940],{},[15,104189,55609],{},[20,104191,104192,104193,50],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104194,102940],{},[57,104196,104198],{"className":59,"code":104197,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104199,104200,104232,104253],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104201,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104203,36161],{"class":72},[66,104205,77],{"class":76},[66,104207,81],{"class":80},[66,104209,85],{"class":84},[66,104211,652],{"class":88},[66,104213,85],{"class":84},[66,104215,105],{"class":80},[66,104217,97],{"class":84},[66,104219,1903],{"class":88},[66,104221,85],{"class":84},[66,104223,105],{"class":80},[66,104225,97],{"class":84},[66,104227,10027],{"class":88},[66,104229,85],{"class":84},[66,104231,121],{"class":80},[66,104233,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104235,36214],{"class":72},[66,104237,50],{"class":80},[66,104239,103007],{"class":137},[66,104241,158],{"class":80},[66,104243,85],{"class":84},[66,104245,22332],{"class":88},[66,104247,85],{"class":84},[66,104249,3954],{"class":80},[66,104251,104252],{"class":1945},"   # safe\n",[66,104254,104255,104257,104259,104261],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,104256,155],{"class":154},[66,104258,158],{"class":80},[66,104260,36214],{"class":137},[66,104262,163],{"class":80},[20,104264,104265,104266,45985,104269,50],{},"If you use ",[15,104267,104268],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104270,19947],{},[1430,104272,1685,104274,104276],{"id":104273},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104275,102940],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104278,104279,102293],{},[15,104280,102940],{},[20,104282,16918],{},[57,104284,104286],{"className":59,"code":104285,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104287,104288,104308],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104289,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104291,8073],{"class":72},[66,104293,77],{"class":76},[66,104295,1711],{"class":80},[66,104297,1714],{"class":117},[66,104299,105],{"class":80},[66,104301,1719],{"class":117},[66,104303,105],{"class":80},[66,104305,1724],{"class":117},[66,104307,240],{"class":80},[66,104309,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104311,8103],{"class":72},[66,104313,50],{"class":80},[66,104315,103007],{"class":137},[66,104317,158],{"class":80},[66,104319,2354],{"class":117},[66,104321,163],{"class":80},[20,104323,104324,104325,94],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104326,102940],{},[57,104328,104330],{"className":59,"code":104329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104331,104332,104352,104366],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104333,104334,104336,104338,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104335,8073],{"class":72},[66,104337,77],{"class":76},[66,104339,81],{"class":80},[66,104341,1714],{"class":117},[66,104343,105],{"class":80},[66,104345,1719],{"class":117},[66,104347,105],{"class":80},[66,104349,1724],{"class":117},[66,104351,121],{"class":80},[66,104353,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104355,8103],{"class":72},[66,104357,50],{"class":80},[66,104359,103007],{"class":137},[66,104361,158],{"class":80},[66,104363,2354],{"class":117},[66,104365,163],{"class":80},[66,104367,104368,104370,104372,104374],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,104369,155],{"class":154},[66,104371,158],{"class":80},[66,104373,8103],{"class":137},[66,104375,163],{"class":80},[1430,104377,104379],{"id":104378},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104381,104382],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104384,1696],{},[57,104386,104388],{"className":59,"code":104387,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104389,104390,104410],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104391,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104393,472],{"class":72},[66,104395,77],{"class":76},[66,104397,81],{"class":80},[66,104399,1714],{"class":117},[66,104401,105],{"class":80},[66,104403,1719],{"class":117},[66,104405,105],{"class":80},[66,104407,1724],{"class":117},[66,104409,121],{"class":80},[66,104411,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104413,535],{"class":72},[66,104415,50],{"class":80},[66,104417,103007],{"class":137},[66,104419,199],{"class":80},[66,104421,2354],{"class":117},[66,104423,218],{"class":80},[20,104425,104426],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[52,104428,9165],{"id":9164},[20,104430,9168,104431,104433],{},[15,104432,102940],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[57,104435,104437],{"className":59,"code":104436,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104438,104439,104449,104463,104477],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104440,104441,104443,104445,104447],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104442,155],{"class":154},[66,104444,158],{"class":80},[66,104446,15940],{"class":137},[66,104448,163],{"class":80},[66,104450,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104452,155],{"class":154},[66,104454,158],{"class":80},[66,104456,912],{"class":173},[66,104458,158],{"class":80},[66,104460,15940],{"class":137},[66,104462,181],{"class":80},[66,104464,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,104466,155],{"class":154},[66,104468,158],{"class":80},[66,104470,2745],{"class":137},[66,104472,1067],{"class":1060},[66,104474,97010],{"class":137},[66,104476,163],{"class":80},[66,104478,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,104480,32219],{"class":154},[66,104482,158],{"class":80},[66,104484,6580],{"class":173},[66,104486,50],{"class":80},[66,104488,103007],{"class":784},[66,104490,163],{"class":80},[20,104492,11454],{},[30,104494,104495,104498,104501,104504],{},[33,104496,104497],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104499,104500],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104502,104503],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104505,104506],{},"How Python documents the method",[52,104508,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,104510,104512],{"id":104511},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104514,104515,104516,104518],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104517,102940],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1430,104520,5438,104522,12998],{"id":104521},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104523,102945],{},[20,104525,5443,104526,104528],{},[15,104527,4071],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1430,104530,5475,104532,4688,104534,2151],{"id":104531},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104533,102940],{},[15,104535,55609],{},[20,104537,104538,104539,26602,104541,104543,104544,104546],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104540,55609],{},[15,104542,19947],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104545,102940],{}," does not.",[1430,104548,28393,104550,104552],{"id":104549},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104551,102940],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104554,46442,104555,104557],{},[15,104556,102940],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[52,104559,2183],{"id":2182},[30,104561,104562,104568,104574,104579,104583],{},[33,104563,104564],{},[652,104565,96900,104566,978],{"href":98295},[15,104567,55609],{},[33,104569,104570],{},[652,104571,96900,104572,978],{"href":98300},[15,104573,13045],{},[33,104575,104576],{},[652,104577,104578],{"href":97969},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104580,104581],{},[652,104582,100435],{"href":98877},[33,104584,104585],{},[652,104586,11546],{"href":11358},[2222,104588,104589],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":104591},[104592,104593,104595,104598,104603,104604,104605,104606,104608,104617,104618,104627],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":103117,"depth":124,"text":104594},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":104596},[104597],{"id":103190,"depth":144,"text":103191},{"id":103270,"depth":124,"text":104599,"children":104600},"What makes discard() different",[104601],{"id":103309,"depth":144,"text":104602},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103462,"depth":124,"text":103463},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":103833,"depth":124,"text":103834},{"id":104026,"depth":124,"text":104607},"When to use discard()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":104609},[104610,104612,104614,104616],{"id":104055,"depth":144,"text":104611},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104185,"depth":144,"text":104613},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104273,"depth":144,"text":104615},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104378,"depth":144,"text":104379},{"id":9164,"depth":124,"text":9165},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":104619},[104620,104621,104623,104625],{"id":104511,"depth":144,"text":104512},{"id":104521,"depth":144,"text":104622},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104531,"depth":144,"text":104624},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104549,"depth":144,"text":104626},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102932,"description":104628},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104635,"title":104636,"body":104637,"description":106643,"extension":2260,"meta":106644,"navigation":147,"path":106645,"seo":106646,"stem":106647,"__hash__":106648},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104638,"toc":106601},[104639,104642,104650,104655,104666,104668,104723,104727,104747,104752,104756,104761,104763,104777,104779,104854,104856,104889,104894,104899,104901,104903,104918,104921,104929,104934,104949,104951,105040,105042,105131,105137,105141,105143,105181,105183,105207,105210,105225,105227,105282,105284,105317,105319,105324,105328,105332,105337,105402,105404,105424,105430,105434,105491,105493,105514,105518,105523,105568,105570,105603,105606,105610,105643,105645,105674,105678,105682,105685,105687,105706,105708,105754,105759,105773,105775,105806,105811,105814,105858,105860,105888,105892,105896,105912,105915,105980,105982,105994,105997,106001,106004,106009,106037,106039,106057,106063,106102,106104,106122,106128,106157,106159,106177,106180,106197,106199,106204,106208,106211,106237,106244,106249,106264,106273,106277,106280,106311,106317,106320,106329,106332,106334,106336,106394,106397,106422,106424,106428,106431,106435,106443,106447,106450,106454,106457,106459,106482,106484,106525,106532,106540,106543,106574,106576,106598],[10,104640,104636],{"id":104641},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104643,9416,104644,104646,104647,50],{},[15,104645,4090],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[185,104648,104649],{},"unique values only",[20,104651,35475,104652,104654],{},[15,104653,4090],{}," to:",[30,104656,104657,104660,104663],{},[33,104658,104659],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104661,104662],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104664,104665],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[52,104667,55],{"id":54},[57,104669,104671],{"className":59,"code":104670,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104672,104673,104697,104712],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104674,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104676,1706],{"class":72},[66,104678,77],{"class":76},[66,104680,1711],{"class":80},[66,104682,1714],{"class":117},[66,104684,105],{"class":80},[66,104686,1719],{"class":117},[66,104688,105],{"class":80},[66,104690,1719],{"class":117},[66,104692,105],{"class":80},[66,104694,1724],{"class":117},[66,104696,240],{"class":80},[66,104698,104699,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104700,104701],{"class":72},"unique_numbers ",[66,104703,77],{"class":76},[66,104705,15907],{"class":173},[66,104707,158],{"class":80},[66,104709,1735],{"class":137},[66,104711,163],{"class":80},[66,104713,104714,104716,104718,104721],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,104715,155],{"class":154},[66,104717,158],{"class":80},[66,104719,104720],{"class":137},"unique_numbers",[66,104722,163],{"class":80},[20,104724,104725],{},[185,104726,187],{},[57,104728,104729],{"className":59,"code":96693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,104730,104731],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104732,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104734,9569],{"class":80},[66,104736,1714],{"class":117},[66,104738,105],{"class":80},[66,104740,1719],{"class":117},[66,104742,105],{"class":80},[66,104744,1724],{"class":117},[66,104746,121],{"class":80},[20,104748,243,104749,104751],{},[15,104750,4090],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[52,104753,104755],{"id":104754},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104757,104758,104760],{},[15,104759,4090],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104762,30606],{},[30,104764,104765,104768,104771,104774],{},[33,104766,104767],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104769,104770],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104772,104773],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104775,104776],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104778,281],{},[57,104780,104782],{"className":59,"code":104781,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104783,104784,104824,104839,104843],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104785,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104787,13356],{"class":72},[66,104789,77],{"class":76},[66,104791,1711],{"class":80},[66,104793,85],{"class":84},[66,104795,13373],{"class":88},[66,104797,85],{"class":84},[66,104799,105],{"class":80},[66,104801,97],{"class":84},[66,104803,13390],{"class":88},[66,104805,85],{"class":84},[66,104807,105],{"class":80},[66,104809,97],{"class":84},[66,104811,13373],{"class":88},[66,104813,85],{"class":84},[66,104815,105],{"class":80},[66,104817,97],{"class":84},[66,104819,17716],{"class":88},[66,104821,85],{"class":84},[66,104823,240],{"class":80},[66,104825,104826,104829,104831,104833,104835,104837],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104827,104828],{"class":72},"unique_colors ",[66,104830,77],{"class":76},[66,104832,15907],{"class":173},[66,104834,158],{"class":80},[66,104836,17763],{"class":137},[66,104838,163],{"class":80},[66,104840,104841],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,104842,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,104844,104845,104847,104849,104852],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,104846,155],{"class":154},[66,104848,158],{"class":80},[66,104850,104851],{"class":137},"unique_colors",[66,104853,163],{"class":80},[20,104855,30095],{},[57,104857,104859],{"className":59,"code":104858,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104860,104861],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104862,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104864,9569],{"class":80},[66,104866,202],{"class":84},[66,104868,13390],{"class":88},[66,104870,202],{"class":84},[66,104872,105],{"class":80},[66,104874,211],{"class":84},[66,104876,17716],{"class":88},[66,104878,202],{"class":84},[66,104880,105],{"class":80},[66,104882,211],{"class":84},[66,104884,13373],{"class":88},[66,104886,202],{"class":84},[66,104888,121],{"class":80},[20,104890,2583,104891,104893],{},[15,104892,65475],{}," appears only once.",[20,104895,104896,104897,50],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[652,104898,96414],{"href":96413},[52,104900,2455],{"id":2454},[20,104902,662],{},[57,104904,104906],{"className":59,"code":104905,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104907,104908],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104909,104910,104912,104914,104916],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104911,6580],{"class":173},[66,104913,158],{"class":80},[66,104915,4013],{"class":137},[66,104917,163],{"class":80},[20,104919,104920],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104922,104923,104926],{},[33,104924,104925],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104927,104928],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104930,104931,104932,94],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104933,4090],{},[30,104935,104936,104938,104940,104942,104946],{},[33,104937,174],{},[33,104939,49031],{},[33,104941,61256],{},[33,104943,104944],{},[15,104945,36269],{},[33,104947,104948],{},"another set",[20,104950,2422],{},[57,104952,104954],{"className":59,"code":104953,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104955,104956,104982,105004,105022],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,104957,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,104959,155],{"class":154},[66,104961,158],{"class":80},[66,104963,6580],{"class":173},[66,104965,199],{"class":80},[66,104967,1714],{"class":117},[66,104969,105],{"class":80},[66,104971,1719],{"class":117},[66,104973,105],{"class":80},[66,104975,1719],{"class":117},[66,104977,105],{"class":80},[66,104979,1724],{"class":117},[66,104981,3296],{"class":80},[66,104983,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,104985,155],{"class":154},[66,104987,158],{"class":80},[66,104989,6580],{"class":173},[66,104991,5805],{"class":80},[66,104993,2628],{"class":117},[66,104995,105],{"class":80},[66,104997,118],{"class":117},[66,104999,105],{"class":80},[66,105001,6297],{"class":117},[66,105003,3210],{"class":80},[66,105005,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,105007,155],{"class":154},[66,105009,158],{"class":80},[66,105011,6580],{"class":173},[66,105013,158],{"class":80},[66,105015,85],{"class":84},[66,105017,4139],{"class":88},[66,105019,85],{"class":84},[66,105021,181],{"class":80},[66,105023,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,105025,155],{"class":154},[66,105027,158],{"class":80},[66,105029,6580],{"class":173},[66,105031,158],{"class":80},[66,105033,60080],{"class":154},[66,105035,158],{"class":80},[66,105037,2803],{"class":117},[66,105039,3210],{"class":80},[20,105041,30095],{},[57,105043,105045],{"className":59,"code":105044,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105046,105047,105063,105075,105111],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105048,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057,105059,105061],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105050,9569],{"class":80},[66,105052,1714],{"class":117},[66,105054,105],{"class":80},[66,105056,1719],{"class":117},[66,105058,105],{"class":80},[66,105060,1724],{"class":117},[66,105062,121],{"class":80},[66,105064,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105066,9569],{"class":80},[66,105068,2628],{"class":117},[66,105070,105],{"class":80},[66,105072,118],{"class":117},[66,105074,121],{"class":80},[66,105076,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,105078,9569],{"class":80},[66,105080,202],{"class":84},[66,105082,60520],{"class":88},[66,105084,202],{"class":84},[66,105086,105],{"class":80},[66,105088,211],{"class":84},[66,105090,60529],{"class":88},[66,105092,202],{"class":84},[66,105094,105],{"class":80},[66,105096,211],{"class":84},[66,105098,60538],{"class":88},[66,105100,202],{"class":84},[66,105102,105],{"class":80},[66,105104,211],{"class":84},[66,105106,60555],{"class":88},[66,105108,202],{"class":84},[66,105110,121],{"class":80},[66,105112,105113,105115,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,105114,9569],{"class":80},[66,105116,2021],{"class":117},[66,105118,105],{"class":80},[66,105120,1896],{"class":117},[66,105122,105],{"class":80},[66,105124,1719],{"class":117},[66,105126,105],{"class":80},[66,105128,1724],{"class":117},[66,105130,121],{"class":80},[20,105132,105133,105134,50],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[652,105135,105136],{"href":64930},"Python list() function explained",[52,105138,105140],{"id":105139},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105142,98366],{},[57,105144,105145],{"className":59,"code":99331,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105146,105147,105157,105167],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105148,105149,105151,105153,105155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105150,98376],{"class":72},[66,105152,77],{"class":76},[66,105154,15907],{"class":173},[66,105156,141],{"class":80},[66,105158,105159,105161,105163,105165],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105160,155],{"class":154},[66,105162,158],{"class":80},[66,105164,98395],{"class":137},[66,105166,163],{"class":80},[66,105168,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,105170,155],{"class":154},[66,105172,158],{"class":80},[66,105174,912],{"class":173},[66,105176,158],{"class":80},[66,105178,98395],{"class":137},[66,105180,181],{"class":80},[20,105182,187],{},[57,105184,105185],{"className":59,"code":99374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105186,105187,105193],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105188,105189,105191],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105190,6580],{"class":173},[66,105192,141],{"class":80},[66,105194,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105196,954],{"class":76},[66,105198,958],{"class":957},[66,105200,211],{"class":84},[66,105202,6580],{"class":88},[66,105204,202],{"class":84},[66,105206,967],{"class":76},[20,105208,105209],{},"This is important because:",[30,105211,105212,105217],{},[33,105213,105214,105216],{},[15,105215,4090],{}," creates an empty set",[33,105218,105219,105221,105222,105224],{},[15,105220,4085],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[185,105223,4926],{}," a set",[20,105226,281],{},[57,105228,105230],{"className":59,"code":105229,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105231,105232,105242,105250,105254,105268],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105233,105234,105236,105238,105240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105235,2853],{"class":72},[66,105237,77],{"class":76},[66,105239,15907],{"class":173},[66,105241,141],{"class":80},[66,105243,105244,105246,105248],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105245,2881],{"class":72},[66,105247,77],{"class":76},[66,105249,10126],{"class":80},[66,105251,105252],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,105253,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,105255,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,105257,155],{"class":154},[66,105259,158],{"class":80},[66,105261,912],{"class":173},[66,105263,158],{"class":80},[66,105265,652],{"class":137},[66,105267,181],{"class":80},[66,105269,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,105271,155],{"class":154},[66,105273,158],{"class":80},[66,105275,912],{"class":173},[66,105277,158],{"class":80},[66,105279,1903],{"class":137},[66,105281,181],{"class":80},[20,105283,187],{},[57,105285,105287],{"className":59,"code":105286,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105288,105289,105303],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105290,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105292,954],{"class":76},[66,105294,958],{"class":957},[66,105296,211],{"class":84},[66,105298,6580],{"class":88},[66,105300,202],{"class":84},[66,105302,967],{"class":76},[66,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105306,954],{"class":76},[66,105308,958],{"class":957},[66,105310,211],{"class":84},[66,105312,9114],{"class":88},[66,105314,202],{"class":84},[66,105316,967],{"class":76},[20,105318,14325],{},[20,105320,105321,105322,50],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[652,105323,104578],{"href":96417},[52,105325,105327],{"id":105326},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1430,105329,105331],{"id":105330},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105333,105334,105335,50],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105336,4090],{},[57,105338,105340],{"className":59,"code":105339,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105341,105342,105374,105388,105392],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105343,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105345,1706],{"class":72},[66,105347,77],{"class":76},[66,105349,1711],{"class":80},[66,105351,1714],{"class":117},[66,105353,105],{"class":80},[66,105355,1719],{"class":117},[66,105357,105],{"class":80},[66,105359,1719],{"class":117},[66,105361,105],{"class":80},[66,105363,1724],{"class":117},[66,105365,105],{"class":80},[66,105367,1724],{"class":117},[66,105369,105],{"class":80},[66,105371,1724],{"class":117},[66,105373,240],{"class":80},[66,105375,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105377,877],{"class":72},[66,105379,77],{"class":76},[66,105381,15907],{"class":173},[66,105383,158],{"class":80},[66,105385,1735],{"class":137},[66,105387,163],{"class":80},[66,105389,105390],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,105391,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,105393,105394,105396,105398,105400],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,105395,155],{"class":154},[66,105397,158],{"class":80},[66,105399,901],{"class":137},[66,105401,163],{"class":80},[20,105403,187],{},[57,105405,105406],{"className":59,"code":96693,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105407,105408],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105409,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105411,9569],{"class":80},[66,105413,1714],{"class":117},[66,105415,105],{"class":80},[66,105417,1719],{"class":117},[66,105419,105],{"class":80},[66,105421,1724],{"class":117},[66,105423,121],{"class":80},[20,105425,105426,105427,50],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[652,105428,99164],{"href":105429},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1430,105431,105433],{"id":105432},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[57,105435,105437],{"className":59,"code":105436,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105438,105439,105463,105477,105481],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105440,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105442,4116],{"class":72},[66,105444,77],{"class":76},[66,105446,9527],{"class":80},[66,105448,2433],{"class":117},[66,105450,105],{"class":80},[66,105452,1231],{"class":117},[66,105454,105],{"class":80},[66,105456,6297],{"class":117},[66,105458,105],{"class":80},[66,105460,38009],{"class":117},[66,105462,163],{"class":80},[66,105464,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105466,877],{"class":72},[66,105468,77],{"class":76},[66,105470,15907],{"class":173},[66,105472,158],{"class":80},[66,105474,5655],{"class":137},[66,105476,163],{"class":80},[66,105478,105479],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,105480,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,105482,105483,105485,105487,105489],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,105484,155],{"class":154},[66,105486,158],{"class":80},[66,105488,901],{"class":137},[66,105490,163],{"class":80},[20,105492,187],{},[57,105494,105496],{"className":59,"code":105495,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105497,105498],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105499,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510,105512],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105501,9569],{"class":80},[66,105503,2433],{"class":117},[66,105505,105],{"class":80},[66,105507,6297],{"class":117},[66,105509,105],{"class":80},[66,105511,38009],{"class":117},[66,105513,121],{"class":80},[1430,105515,105517],{"id":105516},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105519,51206,105520,105522],{},[15,105521,4090],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[57,105524,105526],{"className":59,"code":105525,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105527,105528,105540,105554,105558],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105529,105530,105532,105534,105536,105538],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105531,34756],{"class":72},[66,105533,77],{"class":76},[66,105535,97],{"class":84},[66,105537,4381],{"class":88},[66,105539,376],{"class":84},[66,105541,105542,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105543,877],{"class":72},[66,105545,77],{"class":76},[66,105547,15907],{"class":173},[66,105549,158],{"class":80},[66,105551,34777],{"class":137},[66,105553,163],{"class":80},[66,105555,105556],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,105557,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,105559,105560,105562,105564,105566],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,105561,155],{"class":154},[66,105563,158],{"class":80},[66,105565,901],{"class":137},[66,105567,163],{"class":80},[20,105569,30095],{},[57,105571,105573],{"className":59,"code":105572,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105574,105575],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105576,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105578,9569],{"class":80},[66,105580,202],{"class":84},[66,105582,1903],{"class":88},[66,105584,202],{"class":84},[66,105586,105],{"class":80},[66,105588,211],{"class":84},[66,105590,652],{"class":88},[66,105592,202],{"class":84},[66,105594,105],{"class":80},[66,105596,211],{"class":84},[66,105598,76113],{"class":88},[66,105600,202],{"class":84},[66,105602,121],{"class":80},[20,105604,105605],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1430,105607,105609],{"id":105608},"from-range","From range()",[57,105611,105613],{"className":59,"code":105612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105614,105615,105633],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105616,105617,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105618,877],{"class":72},[66,105620,77],{"class":76},[66,105622,15907],{"class":173},[66,105624,158],{"class":80},[66,105626,60080],{"class":154},[66,105628,158],{"class":80},[66,105630,2433],{"class":117},[66,105632,181],{"class":80},[66,105634,105635,105637,105639,105641],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105636,155],{"class":154},[66,105638,158],{"class":80},[66,105640,901],{"class":137},[66,105642,163],{"class":80},[20,105644,187],{},[57,105646,105648],{"className":59,"code":105647,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105649,105650],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105651,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105653,9569],{"class":80},[66,105655,2021],{"class":117},[66,105657,105],{"class":80},[66,105659,1896],{"class":117},[66,105661,105],{"class":80},[66,105663,1719],{"class":117},[66,105665,105],{"class":80},[66,105667,1724],{"class":117},[66,105669,105],{"class":80},[66,105671,2755],{"class":117},[66,105673,121],{"class":80},[52,105675,105677],{"id":105676},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105679,99611,105680,50],{},[185,105681,96457],{},[20,105683,105684],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105686,99617],{},[30,105688,105689,105693,105697,105701],{},[33,105690,105691],{},[15,105692,2486],{},[33,105694,105695],{},[15,105696,3737],{},[33,105698,105699],{},[15,105700,2490],{},[33,105702,105703,105705],{},[15,105704,49031],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105707,281],{},[57,105709,105711],{"className":59,"code":105710,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105712,105713,105744],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105714,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105716,8073],{"class":72},[66,105718,77],{"class":76},[66,105720,81],{"class":80},[66,105722,1714],{"class":117},[66,105724,105],{"class":80},[66,105726,97],{"class":84},[66,105728,4139],{"class":88},[66,105730,85],{"class":84},[66,105732,105],{"class":80},[66,105734,9527],{"class":80},[66,105736,2628],{"class":117},[66,105738,105],{"class":80},[66,105740,118],{"class":117},[66,105742,105743],{"class":80},")}\n",[66,105745,105746,105748,105750,105752],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105747,155],{"class":154},[66,105749,158],{"class":80},[66,105751,8103],{"class":137},[66,105753,163],{"class":80},[20,105755,99679,105756,105758],{},[185,105757,4926],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105760,105761,105765,105769],{},[33,105762,105763],{},[15,105764,174],{},[33,105766,105767],{},[15,105768,9114],{},[33,105770,105771],{},[15,105772,6580],{},[20,105774,97182],{},[57,105776,105778],{"className":59,"code":105777,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105779,105780],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105781,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105783,99698],{"class":72},[66,105785,77],{"class":76},[66,105787,99703],{"class":80},[66,105789,1714],{"class":117},[66,105791,105],{"class":80},[66,105793,1719],{"class":117},[66,105795,18323],{"class":80},[66,105797,1711],{"class":80},[66,105799,2360],{"class":117},[66,105801,105],{"class":80},[66,105803,2755],{"class":117},[66,105805,13982],{"class":80},[20,105807,76941,105808,105810],{},[15,105809,3302],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105812,105813],{},"A safer example:",[57,105815,105817],{"className":59,"code":105816,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105818,105819,105847],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105820,105821,105824,105826,105829,105831,105833,105835,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105822,105823],{"class":72},"good_set ",[66,105825,77],{"class":76},[66,105827,105828],{"class":80}," {(",[66,105830,1714],{"class":117},[66,105832,105],{"class":80},[66,105834,1719],{"class":117},[66,105836,9524],{"class":80},[66,105838,9527],{"class":80},[66,105840,2360],{"class":117},[66,105842,105],{"class":80},[66,105844,2755],{"class":117},[66,105846,105743],{"class":80},[66,105848,105849,105851,105853,105856],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105850,155],{"class":154},[66,105852,158],{"class":80},[66,105854,105855],{"class":137},"good_set",[66,105857,163],{"class":80},[20,105859,187],{},[57,105861,105863],{"className":59,"code":105862,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105864,105865],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105866,105867,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105868,105869],{"class":80},"{(",[66,105871,1714],{"class":117},[66,105873,105],{"class":80},[66,105875,1719],{"class":117},[66,105877,9524],{"class":80},[66,105879,9527],{"class":80},[66,105881,2360],{"class":117},[66,105883,105],{"class":80},[66,105885,2755],{"class":117},[66,105887,105743],{"class":80},[52,105889,105891],{"id":105890},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105893,243,105894,1161],{},[15,105895,4090],{},[30,105897,105898,105901,105906,105909],{},[33,105899,105900],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105902,105903,105904],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105905,1067],{},[33,105907,105908],{},"order does not matter",[33,105910,105911],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105913,105914],{},"Example of membership checking:",[57,105916,105918],{"className":59,"code":105917,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105919,105920,105945,105949,105965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105921,105922,105925,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105938,105940,105943],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105923,105924],{"class":72},"allowed_ids ",[66,105926,77],{"class":76},[66,105928,15907],{"class":173},[66,105930,199],{"class":80},[66,105932,46669],{"class":117},[66,105934,105],{"class":80},[66,105936,105937],{"class":117}," 102",[66,105939,105],{"class":80},[66,105941,105942],{"class":117}," 103",[66,105944,218],{"class":80},[66,105946,105947],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105948,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,105950,105951,105953,105955,105958,105960,105963],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,105952,155],{"class":154},[66,105954,158],{"class":80},[66,105956,105957],{"class":117},"102",[66,105959,1372],{"class":1060},[66,105961,105962],{"class":137}," allowed_ids",[66,105964,163],{"class":80},[66,105966,105967,105969,105971,105974,105976,105978],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,105968,155],{"class":154},[66,105970,158],{"class":80},[66,105972,105973],{"class":117},"999",[66,105975,1372],{"class":1060},[66,105977,105962],{"class":137},[66,105979,163],{"class":80},[20,105981,187],{},[57,105983,105984],{"className":59,"code":44250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,105985,105986,105990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,105987,105988],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,105989,4272],{"class":4146},[66,105991,105992],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,105993,4333],{"class":4146},[20,105995,105996],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[52,105998,106000],{"id":105999},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106002,106003],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1430,106005,243,106007,98308],{"id":106006},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106008,4090],{},[57,106010,106011],{"className":59,"code":98369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,106012,106013,106023],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106014,106015,106017,106019,106021],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106016,98376],{"class":72},[66,106018,77],{"class":76},[66,106020,15907],{"class":173},[66,106022,141],{"class":80},[66,106024,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,106026,155],{"class":154},[66,106028,158],{"class":80},[66,106030,912],{"class":173},[66,106032,158],{"class":80},[66,106034,98395],{"class":137},[66,106036,181],{"class":80},[20,106038,187],{},[57,106040,106041],{"className":59,"code":9145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,106042,106043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106044,106045,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106046,954],{"class":76},[66,106048,958],{"class":957},[66,106050,211],{"class":84},[66,106052,6580],{"class":88},[66,106054,202],{"class":84},[66,106056,967],{"class":76},[1430,106058,243,106060,106062],{"id":106059},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106061,100368],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[57,106064,106066],{"className":59,"code":106065,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106067,106068,106088],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106069,106070,106072,106074,106076,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106071,1706],{"class":72},[66,106073,77],{"class":76},[66,106075,81],{"class":80},[66,106077,1714],{"class":117},[66,106079,105],{"class":80},[66,106081,1719],{"class":117},[66,106083,105],{"class":80},[66,106085,1724],{"class":117},[66,106087,121],{"class":80},[66,106089,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,106091,155],{"class":154},[66,106093,158],{"class":80},[66,106095,912],{"class":173},[66,106097,158],{"class":80},[66,106099,1735],{"class":137},[66,106101,181],{"class":80},[20,106103,187],{},[57,106105,106106],{"className":59,"code":9145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,106107,106108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106109,106110,106112,106114,106116,106118,106120],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106111,954],{"class":76},[66,106113,958],{"class":957},[66,106115,211],{"class":84},[66,106117,6580],{"class":88},[66,106119,202],{"class":84},[66,106121,967],{"class":76},[1430,106123,243,106125,106127],{"id":106124},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106126,4085],{}," for an empty dictionary",[57,106129,106131],{"className":59,"code":106130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106132,106133,106142],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106134,106135,106138,106140],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106136,106137],{"class":72},"empty_dict ",[66,106139,77],{"class":76},[66,106141,10126],{"class":80},[66,106143,106144,106146,106148,106150,106152,106155],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,106145,155],{"class":154},[66,106147,158],{"class":80},[66,106149,912],{"class":173},[66,106151,158],{"class":80},[66,106153,106154],{"class":137},"empty_dict",[66,106156,181],{"class":80},[20,106158,187],{},[57,106160,106161],{"className":59,"code":9101,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,106162,106163],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106164,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173,106175],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106166,954],{"class":76},[66,106168,958],{"class":957},[66,106170,211],{"class":84},[66,106172,9114],{"class":88},[66,106174,202],{"class":84},[66,106176,967],{"class":76},[20,106178,106179],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,106181,106182,106187,106192],{},[33,106183,106184,106186],{},[15,106185,4090],{}," → empty set",[33,106188,106189,106191],{},[15,106190,100368],{}," → non-empty set",[33,106193,106194,106196],{},[15,106195,4085],{}," → empty dictionary",[52,106198,1838],{"id":1837},[20,106200,106201,106202,50],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106203,4090],{},[1430,106205,1848,106206,99966],{"id":99963},[15,106207,4085],{},[20,106209,106210],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[57,106212,106213],{"className":59,"code":99972,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,106214,106215,106223],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106216,106217,106219,106221],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106218,2745],{"class":72},[66,106220,77],{"class":76},[66,106222,10126],{"class":80},[66,106224,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,106226,155],{"class":154},[66,106228,158],{"class":80},[66,106230,912],{"class":173},[66,106232,158],{"class":80},[66,106234,2771],{"class":137},[66,106236,181],{"class":80},[1430,106238,106240,106241],{"id":106239},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106242,106243],{},"set(5)",[20,106245,106246,106248],{},[15,106247,4090],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[57,106250,106252],{"className":59,"code":106251,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set(5)\n",[15,106253,106254],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106255,106256,106258,106260,106262],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106257,6580],{"class":173},[66,106259,158],{"class":80},[66,106261,2433],{"class":117},[66,106263,163],{"class":80},[20,106265,3299,106266,106268,106269,50],{},[15,106267,3302],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[652,106270,106272],{"href":106271},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1430,106274,106276],{"id":106275},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106278,106279],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[57,106281,106283],{"className":59,"code":106282,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106284,106285],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106286,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106288,2745],{"class":72},[66,106290,77],{"class":76},[66,106292,99703],{"class":80},[66,106294,1714],{"class":117},[66,106296,105],{"class":80},[66,106298,1719],{"class":117},[66,106300,18323],{"class":80},[66,106302,1711],{"class":80},[66,106304,2360],{"class":117},[66,106306,105],{"class":80},[66,106308,2755],{"class":117},[66,106310,13982],{"class":80},[1430,106312,1433,106314,106316],{"id":106313},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106315,4090],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106318,106319],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1430,106321,37276,106323,8997,106325,3176,106327],{"id":106322},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106324,4090],{},[15,106326,817],{},[15,106328,9413],{},[20,106330,106331],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[52,106333,60792],{"id":60791},[20,106335,2030],{},[57,106337,106339],{"className":59,"code":106338,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106340,106341,106356,106366,106380],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106342,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351,106354],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106344,155],{"class":154},[66,106346,158],{"class":80},[66,106348,912],{"class":173},[66,106350,158],{"class":80},[66,106352,106353],{"class":137},"my_value",[66,106355,181],{"class":80},[66,106357,106358,106360,106362,106364],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,106359,155],{"class":154},[66,106361,158],{"class":80},[66,106363,106353],{"class":137},[66,106365,163],{"class":80},[66,106367,106368,106370,106372,106374,106376,106378],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,106369,155],{"class":154},[66,106371,158],{"class":80},[66,106373,174],{"class":173},[66,106375,158],{"class":80},[66,106377,15940],{"class":137},[66,106379,181],{"class":80},[66,106381,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,106383,155],{"class":154},[66,106385,158],{"class":80},[66,106387,11445],{"class":154},[66,106389,158],{"class":80},[66,106391,15940],{"class":137},[66,106393,181],{"class":80},[20,106395,106396],{},"What they help you see:",[30,106398,106399,106405,106410,106416],{},[33,106400,106401,106404],{},[15,106402,106403],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,106406,106407,90632],{},[15,106408,106409],{},"print(my_value)",[33,106411,106412,106415],{},[15,106413,106414],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,106417,106418,106421],{},[15,106419,106420],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[52,106423,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,106425,106427],{"id":106426},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106429,106430],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1430,106432,106434],{"id":106433},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106436,243,106437,106439,106440,106442],{},[15,106438,4090],{},". Do not use ",[15,106441,4085],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1430,106444,106446],{"id":106445},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106448,106449],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1430,106451,106453],{"id":106452},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106455,106456],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106458,281],{},[57,106460,106462],{"className":59,"code":106461,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106463,106464],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106465,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106467,155],{"class":154},[66,106469,158],{"class":80},[66,106471,6580],{"class":173},[66,106473,158],{"class":80},[66,106475,85],{"class":84},[66,106477,4372],{"class":88},[66,106479,85],{"class":84},[66,106481,181],{"class":80},[20,106483,30095],{},[57,106485,106487],{"className":59,"code":106486,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106488,106489],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106490,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106492,9569],{"class":80},[66,106494,202],{"class":84},[66,106496,652],{"class":88},[66,106498,202],{"class":84},[66,106500,105],{"class":80},[66,106502,211],{"class":84},[66,106504,20],{"class":88},[66,106506,202],{"class":84},[66,106508,105],{"class":80},[66,106510,211],{"class":84},[66,106512,60538],{"class":88},[66,106514,202],{"class":84},[66,106516,105],{"class":80},[66,106518,211],{"class":84},[66,106520,60529],{"class":88},[66,106522,202],{"class":84},[66,106524,121],{"class":80},[1430,106526,5453,106528,106531],{"id":106527},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106529,106530],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106533,106534,28750,106536,106539],{},[15,106535,4090],{},[185,106537,106538],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106541,106542],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[57,106544,106546],{"className":59,"code":106545,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106547,106548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106549,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106551,155],{"class":154},[66,106553,158],{"class":80},[66,106555,6580],{"class":173},[66,106557,199],{"class":80},[66,106559,1714],{"class":117},[66,106561,105],{"class":80},[66,106563,1719],{"class":117},[66,106565,105],{"class":80},[66,106567,1724],{"class":117},[66,106569,105],{"class":80},[66,106571,2755],{"class":117},[66,106573,3296],{"class":80},[52,106575,2183],{"id":2182},[30,106577,106578,106582,106586,106590,106594],{},[33,106579,106580],{},[652,106581,96414],{"href":96413},[33,106583,106584],{},[652,106585,104578],{"href":96417},[33,106587,106588],{},[652,106589,100430],{"href":105429},[33,106591,106592],{},[652,106593,105136],{"href":64930},[33,106595,106596],{},[652,106597,106272],{"href":106271},[2222,106599,106600],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":106602},[106603,106604,106605,106606,106607,106613,106614,106615,106623,106633,106634,106642],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":104754,"depth":124,"text":104755},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":105139,"depth":124,"text":105140},{"id":105326,"depth":124,"text":105327,"children":106608},[106609,106610,106611,106612],{"id":105330,"depth":144,"text":105331},{"id":105432,"depth":144,"text":105433},{"id":105516,"depth":144,"text":105517},{"id":105608,"depth":144,"text":105609},{"id":105676,"depth":124,"text":105677},{"id":105890,"depth":124,"text":105891},{"id":105999,"depth":124,"text":106000,"children":106616},[106617,106619,106621],{"id":106006,"depth":144,"text":106618},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106059,"depth":144,"text":106620},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106124,"depth":144,"text":106622},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":106624},[106625,106626,106628,106629,106631],{"id":99963,"depth":144,"text":100471},{"id":106239,"depth":144,"text":106627},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106275,"depth":144,"text":106276},{"id":106313,"depth":144,"text":106630},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106322,"depth":144,"text":106632},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60791,"depth":124,"text":60792},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":106635},[106636,106637,106638,106639,106640],{"id":106426,"depth":144,"text":106427},{"id":106433,"depth":144,"text":106434},{"id":106445,"depth":144,"text":106446},{"id":106452,"depth":144,"text":106453},{"id":106527,"depth":144,"text":106641},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104636,"description":106643},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106650,"title":106651,"body":106652,"description":108167,"extension":2260,"meta":108168,"navigation":147,"path":108169,"seo":108170,"stem":108171,"__hash__":108172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106653,"toc":108143},[106654,106660,106665,106668,106751,106756,106761,106766,106768,106781,106785,106787,106806,106809,106832,106835,106846,106848,106929,106931,106948,106950,106956,106959,107054,107056,107087,107089,107097,107099,107102,107213,107215,107240,107242,107264,107269,107274,107280,107389,107391,107407,107410,107413,107496,107498,107515,107523,107525,107529,107535,107626,107628,107661,107666,107673,107750,107752,107769,107775,107777,107781,107797,107800,107826,107828,107889,107891,108014,108016,108067,108073,108075,108080,108082,108088,108091,108095,108098,108102,108105,108115,108117,108140],[10,106655,3870,106657,18],{"id":106656},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106658,106659],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106661,2277,106662,106664],{},[15,106663,106659],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106666,106667],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[57,106669,106671],{"className":59,"code":106670,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106672,106673,106693,106713,106717,106736,106746],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106674,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106676,2853],{"class":72},[66,106678,77],{"class":76},[66,106680,81],{"class":80},[66,106682,1714],{"class":117},[66,106684,105],{"class":80},[66,106686,1719],{"class":117},[66,106688,105],{"class":80},[66,106690,1724],{"class":117},[66,106692,121],{"class":80},[66,106694,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707,106709,106711],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,106696,2881],{"class":72},[66,106698,77],{"class":76},[66,106700,81],{"class":80},[66,106702,2354],{"class":117},[66,106704,105],{"class":80},[66,106706,1724],{"class":117},[66,106708,105],{"class":80},[66,106710,2755],{"class":117},[66,106712,121],{"class":80},[66,106714,106715],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,106716,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,106718,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106730,106732,106734],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,106720,877],{"class":72},[66,106722,77],{"class":76},[66,106724,56968],{"class":72},[66,106726,50],{"class":80},[66,106728,106729],{"class":137},"intersection",[66,106731,158],{"class":80},[66,106733,1903],{"class":137},[66,106735,163],{"class":80},[66,106737,106738,106740,106742,106744],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,106739,155],{"class":154},[66,106741,158],{"class":80},[66,106743,901],{"class":137},[66,106745,163],{"class":80},[66,106747,106748],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,106749,106750],{"class":1945},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106752,243,106753,106755],{},[15,106754,102877],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[52,106757,13276,106759,13279],{"id":106758},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106760,102877],{},[20,106762,106763,106765],{},[15,106764,102877],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106767,13332],{},[30,106769,106770,106773,106775,106778],{},[33,106771,106772],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106774,100647],{},[33,106776,106777],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106779,106780],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106782,96410,106783,50],{},[652,106784,96414],{"href":96413},[52,106786,2455],{"id":2454},[57,106788,106790],{"className":59,"code":106789,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106791,106792],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106793,106794,106796,106798,106800,106802,106804],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106795,100671],{"class":72},[66,106797,50],{"class":80},[66,106799,106729],{"class":137},[66,106801,158],{"class":80},[66,106803,100680],{"class":137},[66,106805,163],{"class":80},[20,106807,106808],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[57,106810,106812],{"className":59,"code":106811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106813,106814],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106815,106816,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106817,100671],{"class":72},[66,106819,50],{"class":80},[66,106821,106729],{"class":137},[66,106823,158],{"class":80},[66,106825,100680],{"class":137},[66,106827,105],{"class":80},[66,106829,100707],{"class":137},[66,106831,163],{"class":80},[20,106833,106834],{},"Important notes:",[30,106836,106837,106840,106843],{},[33,106838,106839],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106841,106842],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106844,106845],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106847,281],{},[57,106849,106851],{"className":59,"code":106850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106852,106853,106877,106897,106901,106919],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106854,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106856,2853],{"class":72},[66,106858,77],{"class":76},[66,106860,81],{"class":80},[66,106862,1714],{"class":117},[66,106864,105],{"class":80},[66,106866,1719],{"class":117},[66,106868,105],{"class":80},[66,106870,1724],{"class":117},[66,106872,105],{"class":80},[66,106874,2755],{"class":117},[66,106876,121],{"class":80},[66,106878,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,106880,2881],{"class":72},[66,106882,77],{"class":76},[66,106884,81],{"class":80},[66,106886,2360],{"class":117},[66,106888,105],{"class":80},[66,106890,2755],{"class":117},[66,106892,105],{"class":80},[66,106894,1231],{"class":117},[66,106896,121],{"class":80},[66,106898,106899],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,106900,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,106902,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,106904,877],{"class":72},[66,106906,77],{"class":76},[66,106908,56968],{"class":72},[66,106910,50],{"class":80},[66,106912,106729],{"class":137},[66,106914,158],{"class":80},[66,106916,1903],{"class":137},[66,106918,163],{"class":80},[66,106920,106921,106923,106925,106927],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,106922,155],{"class":154},[66,106924,158],{"class":80},[66,106926,901],{"class":137},[66,106928,163],{"class":80},[20,106930,187],{},[57,106932,106934],{"className":59,"code":106933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106935,106936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106937,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106939,9569],{"class":80},[66,106941,2360],{"class":117},[66,106943,105],{"class":80},[66,106945,2755],{"class":117},[66,106947,121],{"class":80},[52,106949,793],{"id":792},[20,106951,106952,638,106954,50],{},[15,106953,102877],{},[185,106955,6580],{},[20,106957,106958],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[57,106960,106962],{"className":59,"code":106961,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106963,106964,106984,107004,107008,107026,107030,107040],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,106965,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,106967,2853],{"class":72},[66,106969,77],{"class":76},[66,106971,81],{"class":80},[66,106973,1714],{"class":117},[66,106975,105],{"class":80},[66,106977,1719],{"class":117},[66,106979,105],{"class":80},[66,106981,1724],{"class":117},[66,106983,121],{"class":80},[66,106985,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,106987,2881],{"class":72},[66,106989,77],{"class":76},[66,106991,81],{"class":80},[66,106993,2354],{"class":117},[66,106995,105],{"class":80},[66,106997,1724],{"class":117},[66,106999,105],{"class":80},[66,107001,2755],{"class":117},[66,107003,121],{"class":80},[66,107005,107006],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,107007,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107009,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,107011,877],{"class":72},[66,107013,77],{"class":76},[66,107015,56968],{"class":72},[66,107017,50],{"class":80},[66,107019,106729],{"class":137},[66,107021,158],{"class":80},[66,107023,1903],{"class":137},[66,107025,163],{"class":80},[66,107027,107028],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,107029,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107031,107032,107034,107036,107038],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,107033,155],{"class":154},[66,107035,158],{"class":80},[66,107037,901],{"class":137},[66,107039,163],{"class":80},[66,107041,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,107043,155],{"class":154},[66,107045,158],{"class":80},[66,107047,912],{"class":173},[66,107049,158],{"class":80},[66,107051,901],{"class":137},[66,107053,181],{"class":80},[20,107055,187],{},[57,107057,107059],{"className":59,"code":107058,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107060,107061,107073],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107062,107063,107065,107067,107069,107071],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107064,9569],{"class":80},[66,107066,2354],{"class":117},[66,107068,105],{"class":80},[66,107070,1724],{"class":117},[66,107072,121],{"class":80},[66,107074,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107076,954],{"class":76},[66,107078,958],{"class":957},[66,107080,211],{"class":84},[66,107082,6580],{"class":88},[66,107084,202],{"class":84},[66,107086,967],{"class":76},[20,107088,85895],{},[30,107090,107091,107094],{},[33,107092,107093],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,107095,107096],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[52,107098,11756],{"id":11755},[20,107100,107101],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[57,107103,107105],{"className":59,"code":107104,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107106,107107,107140,107173,107177,107198,107202],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107108,107109,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107110,107111],{"class":72},"colors1 ",[66,107113,77],{"class":76},[66,107115,81],{"class":80},[66,107117,85],{"class":84},[66,107119,13373],{"class":88},[66,107121,85],{"class":84},[66,107123,105],{"class":80},[66,107125,97],{"class":84},[66,107127,13390],{"class":88},[66,107129,85],{"class":84},[66,107131,105],{"class":80},[66,107133,97],{"class":84},[66,107135,17716],{"class":88},[66,107137,85],{"class":84},[66,107139,121],{"class":80},[66,107141,107142,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107143,107144],{"class":72},"colors2 ",[66,107146,77],{"class":76},[66,107148,81],{"class":80},[66,107150,85],{"class":84},[66,107152,17716],{"class":88},[66,107154,85],{"class":84},[66,107156,105],{"class":80},[66,107158,97],{"class":84},[66,107160,22778],{"class":88},[66,107162,85],{"class":84},[66,107164,105],{"class":80},[66,107166,97],{"class":84},[66,107168,13390],{"class":88},[66,107170,85],{"class":84},[66,107172,121],{"class":80},[66,107174,107175],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,107176,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107178,107179,107182,107184,107187,107189,107191,107193,107196],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,107180,107181],{"class":72},"common_colors ",[66,107183,77],{"class":76},[66,107185,107186],{"class":72}," colors1",[66,107188,50],{"class":80},[66,107190,106729],{"class":137},[66,107192,158],{"class":80},[66,107194,107195],{"class":137},"colors2",[66,107197,163],{"class":80},[66,107199,107200],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,107201,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107203,107204,107206,107208,107211],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,107205,155],{"class":154},[66,107207,158],{"class":80},[66,107209,107210],{"class":137},"common_colors",[66,107212,163],{"class":80},[20,107214,187],{},[57,107216,107218],{"className":59,"code":107217,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107219,107220],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107221,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107223,9569],{"class":80},[66,107225,202],{"class":84},[66,107227,13390],{"class":88},[66,107229,202],{"class":84},[66,107231,105],{"class":80},[66,107233,211],{"class":84},[66,107235,17716],{"class":88},[66,107237,202],{"class":84},[66,107239,121],{"class":80},[20,107241,11965],{},[30,107243,107244,107250,107254,107259],{},[33,107245,107246,107249],{},[15,107247,107248],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,107251,107252,107249],{},[15,107253,107195],{},[33,107255,107256,107258],{},[15,107257,102877],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,107260,107261,107262],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107263,107210],{},[52,107265,1848,107267,101244],{"id":107266},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107268,102877],{},[20,107270,107271,107272,50],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107273,102877],{},[20,107275,107276,107277,107279],{},"Only the values found in ",[185,107278,4008],{}," inputs will be kept.",[57,107281,107283],{"className":59,"code":107282,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107284,107285,107309,107333,107353,107357,107379],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107286,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107288,2853],{"class":72},[66,107290,77],{"class":76},[66,107292,81],{"class":80},[66,107294,1714],{"class":117},[66,107296,105],{"class":80},[66,107298,1719],{"class":117},[66,107300,105],{"class":80},[66,107302,1724],{"class":117},[66,107304,105],{"class":80},[66,107306,2755],{"class":117},[66,107308,121],{"class":80},[66,107310,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107312,2881],{"class":72},[66,107314,77],{"class":76},[66,107316,81],{"class":80},[66,107318,2354],{"class":117},[66,107320,105],{"class":80},[66,107322,1724],{"class":117},[66,107324,105],{"class":80},[66,107326,2755],{"class":117},[66,107328,105],{"class":80},[66,107330,1231],{"class":117},[66,107332,121],{"class":80},[66,107334,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,107336,83269],{"class":72},[66,107338,77],{"class":76},[66,107340,81],{"class":80},[66,107342,2360],{"class":117},[66,107344,105],{"class":80},[66,107346,2755],{"class":117},[66,107348,105],{"class":80},[66,107350,37716],{"class":117},[66,107352,121],{"class":80},[66,107354,107355],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,107356,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107358,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,107360,877],{"class":72},[66,107362,77],{"class":76},[66,107364,56968],{"class":72},[66,107366,50],{"class":80},[66,107368,106729],{"class":137},[66,107370,158],{"class":80},[66,107372,1903],{"class":137},[66,107374,105],{"class":80},[66,107376,9969],{"class":137},[66,107378,163],{"class":80},[66,107380,107381,107383,107385,107387],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,107382,155],{"class":154},[66,107384,158],{"class":80},[66,107386,901],{"class":137},[66,107388,163],{"class":80},[20,107390,187],{},[57,107392,107393],{"className":59,"code":106933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,107394,107395],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107396,107397,107399,107401,107403,107405],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107398,9569],{"class":80},[66,107400,2360],{"class":117},[66,107402,105],{"class":80},[66,107404,2755],{"class":117},[66,107406,121],{"class":80},[20,107408,107409],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107411,107412],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[57,107414,107416],{"className":59,"code":107415,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107417,107418,107442,107446,107486],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107419,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107421,2853],{"class":72},[66,107423,77],{"class":76},[66,107425,81],{"class":80},[66,107427,1714],{"class":117},[66,107429,105],{"class":80},[66,107431,1719],{"class":117},[66,107433,105],{"class":80},[66,107435,1724],{"class":117},[66,107437,105],{"class":80},[66,107439,2755],{"class":117},[66,107441,121],{"class":80},[66,107443,107444],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107445,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107447,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,107449,877],{"class":72},[66,107451,77],{"class":76},[66,107453,56968],{"class":72},[66,107455,50],{"class":80},[66,107457,106729],{"class":137},[66,107459,199],{"class":80},[66,107461,2354],{"class":117},[66,107463,105],{"class":80},[66,107465,2755],{"class":117},[66,107467,105],{"class":80},[66,107469,37716],{"class":117},[66,107471,18323],{"class":80},[66,107473,9527],{"class":80},[66,107475,1714],{"class":117},[66,107477,105],{"class":80},[66,107479,1719],{"class":117},[66,107481,105],{"class":80},[66,107483,2755],{"class":117},[66,107485,181],{"class":80},[66,107487,107488,107490,107492,107494],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,107489,155],{"class":154},[66,107491,158],{"class":80},[66,107493,901],{"class":137},[66,107495,163],{"class":80},[20,107497,187],{},[57,107499,107501],{"className":59,"code":107500,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107502,107503],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107504,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107506,9569],{"class":80},[66,107508,2354],{"class":117},[66,107510,105],{"class":80},[66,107512,2755],{"class":117},[66,107514,121],{"class":80},[52,107516,107518,10871,107520],{"id":107517},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107519,102877],{},[15,107521,107522],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107524,101414],{},[1430,107526,107527],{"id":106729},[15,107528,102877],{},[30,107530,107531,107533],{},[33,107532,101423],{},[33,107534,101426],{},[57,107536,107538],{"className":59,"code":107537,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107539,107540,107560,107580,107584,107602,107606,107616],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107541,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107543,2853],{"class":72},[66,107545,77],{"class":76},[66,107547,81],{"class":80},[66,107549,1714],{"class":117},[66,107551,105],{"class":80},[66,107553,1719],{"class":117},[66,107555,105],{"class":80},[66,107557,1724],{"class":117},[66,107559,121],{"class":80},[66,107561,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107563,2881],{"class":72},[66,107565,77],{"class":76},[66,107567,81],{"class":80},[66,107569,2354],{"class":117},[66,107571,105],{"class":80},[66,107573,1724],{"class":117},[66,107575,105],{"class":80},[66,107577,2755],{"class":117},[66,107579,121],{"class":80},[66,107581,107582],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,107583,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107585,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,107587,877],{"class":72},[66,107589,77],{"class":76},[66,107591,56968],{"class":72},[66,107593,50],{"class":80},[66,107595,106729],{"class":137},[66,107597,158],{"class":80},[66,107599,1903],{"class":137},[66,107601,163],{"class":80},[66,107603,107604],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,107605,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107607,107608,107610,107612,107614],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,107609,155],{"class":154},[66,107611,158],{"class":80},[66,107613,652],{"class":137},[66,107615,163],{"class":80},[66,107617,107618,107620,107622,107624],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,107619,155],{"class":154},[66,107621,158],{"class":80},[66,107623,901],{"class":137},[66,107625,163],{"class":80},[20,107627,187],{},[57,107629,107631],{"className":59,"code":107630,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107632,107633,107649],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107634,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107636,9569],{"class":80},[66,107638,1714],{"class":117},[66,107640,105],{"class":80},[66,107642,1719],{"class":117},[66,107644,105],{"class":80},[66,107646,1724],{"class":117},[66,107648,121],{"class":80},[66,107650,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107652,9569],{"class":80},[66,107654,2354],{"class":117},[66,107656,105],{"class":80},[66,107658,1724],{"class":117},[66,107660,121],{"class":80},[1430,107662,107664],{"id":107663},"intersection_update",[15,107665,107522],{},[30,107667,107668,107670],{},[33,107669,101566],{},[33,107671,107672],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[57,107674,107676],{"className":59,"code":107675,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107677,107678,107698,107718,107722,107736,107740],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107679,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107681,2853],{"class":72},[66,107683,77],{"class":76},[66,107685,81],{"class":80},[66,107687,1714],{"class":117},[66,107689,105],{"class":80},[66,107691,1719],{"class":117},[66,107693,105],{"class":80},[66,107695,1724],{"class":117},[66,107697,121],{"class":80},[66,107699,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107701,2881],{"class":72},[66,107703,77],{"class":76},[66,107705,81],{"class":80},[66,107707,2354],{"class":117},[66,107709,105],{"class":80},[66,107711,1724],{"class":117},[66,107713,105],{"class":80},[66,107715,2755],{"class":117},[66,107717,121],{"class":80},[66,107719,107720],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,107721,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107723,107724,107726,107728,107730,107732,107734],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,107725,652],{"class":72},[66,107727,50],{"class":80},[66,107729,107663],{"class":137},[66,107731,158],{"class":80},[66,107733,1903],{"class":137},[66,107735,163],{"class":80},[66,107737,107738],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,107739,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107741,107742,107744,107746,107748],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,107743,155],{"class":154},[66,107745,158],{"class":80},[66,107747,652],{"class":137},[66,107749,163],{"class":80},[20,107751,187],{},[57,107753,107755],{"className":59,"code":107754,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107756,107757],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107758,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107760,9569],{"class":80},[66,107762,2354],{"class":117},[66,107764,105],{"class":80},[66,107766,1724],{"class":117},[66,107768,121],{"class":80},[20,107770,107771,107772,107774],{},"Choose ",[15,107773,102877],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[52,107776,4814],{"id":4813},[20,107778,15009,107779,94],{},[15,107780,102877],{},[30,107782,107783,107786,107789,107792],{},[33,107784,107785],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107787,107788],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107790,107791],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107793,107794,107795],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107796,102877],{},[20,107798,107799],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107801,107802,107807,107810,107823],{},[33,107803,1848,107804,107806],{},[15,107805,102877],{}," when order matters",[33,107808,107809],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107811,37276,107812,8997,107814,3176,107819],{},[15,107813,102877],{},[652,107815,107817],{"href":107816},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107818,102885],{},[652,107820,107821],{"href":102926},[15,107822,100500],{},[33,107824,107825],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107827,30201],{},[57,107829,107831],{"className":59,"code":107830,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107832,107833,107843,107857,107875],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107834,107835,107837,107839,107841],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107836,155],{"class":154},[66,107838,158],{"class":80},[66,107840,15940],{"class":137},[66,107842,163],{"class":80},[66,107844,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853,107855],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107846,155],{"class":154},[66,107848,158],{"class":80},[66,107850,912],{"class":173},[66,107852,158],{"class":80},[66,107854,901],{"class":137},[66,107856,181],{"class":80},[66,107858,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,107860,155],{"class":154},[66,107862,158],{"class":80},[66,107864,100671],{"class":137},[66,107866,50],{"class":80},[66,107868,106729],{"class":137},[66,107870,158],{"class":80},[66,107872,100680],{"class":137},[66,107874,181],{"class":80},[66,107876,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,107878,155],{"class":154},[66,107880,158],{"class":80},[66,107882,11445],{"class":154},[66,107884,158],{"class":80},[66,107886,901],{"class":137},[66,107888,181],{"class":80},[20,107890,281],{},[57,107892,107894],{"className":59,"code":107893,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107895,107896,107920,107940,107944,107962,107966,107976,107986,108000],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,107897,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,107899,1706],{"class":72},[66,107901,77],{"class":76},[66,107903,81],{"class":80},[66,107905,1714],{"class":117},[66,107907,105],{"class":80},[66,107909,1719],{"class":117},[66,107911,105],{"class":80},[66,107913,1719],{"class":117},[66,107915,105],{"class":80},[66,107917,1724],{"class":117},[66,107919,121],{"class":80},[66,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,107923,43625],{"class":72},[66,107925,77],{"class":76},[66,107927,81],{"class":80},[66,107929,2354],{"class":117},[66,107931,105],{"class":80},[66,107933,1724],{"class":117},[66,107935,105],{"class":80},[66,107937,2755],{"class":117},[66,107939,121],{"class":80},[66,107941,107942],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,107943,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107945,107946,107948,107950,107952,107954,107956,107958,107960],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,107947,877],{"class":72},[66,107949,77],{"class":76},[66,107951,4557],{"class":72},[66,107953,50],{"class":80},[66,107955,106729],{"class":137},[66,107957,158],{"class":80},[66,107959,30809],{"class":137},[66,107961,163],{"class":80},[66,107963,107964],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,107965,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,107967,107968,107970,107972,107974],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,107969,155],{"class":154},[66,107971,158],{"class":80},[66,107973,1735],{"class":137},[66,107975,163],{"class":80},[66,107977,107978,107980,107982,107984],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,107979,155],{"class":154},[66,107981,158],{"class":80},[66,107983,901],{"class":137},[66,107985,163],{"class":80},[66,107987,107988,107990,107992,107994,107996,107998],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,107989,155],{"class":154},[66,107991,158],{"class":80},[66,107993,912],{"class":173},[66,107995,158],{"class":80},[66,107997,901],{"class":137},[66,107999,181],{"class":80},[66,108001,108002,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,108003,155],{"class":154},[66,108005,158],{"class":80},[66,108007,11445],{"class":154},[66,108009,158],{"class":80},[66,108011,901],{"class":137},[66,108013,181],{"class":80},[20,108015,187],{},[57,108017,108019],{"className":59,"code":108018,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108020,108021,108037,108049,108063],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108022,108023,108025,108027,108029,108031,108033,108035],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108024,9569],{"class":80},[66,108026,1714],{"class":117},[66,108028,105],{"class":80},[66,108030,1719],{"class":117},[66,108032,105],{"class":80},[66,108034,1724],{"class":117},[66,108036,121],{"class":80},[66,108038,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108040,9569],{"class":80},[66,108042,2354],{"class":117},[66,108044,105],{"class":80},[66,108046,1724],{"class":117},[66,108048,121],{"class":80},[66,108050,108051,108053,108055,108057,108059,108061],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,108052,954],{"class":76},[66,108054,958],{"class":957},[66,108056,211],{"class":84},[66,108058,6580],{"class":88},[66,108060,202],{"class":84},[66,108062,967],{"class":76},[66,108064,108065],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,108066,17328],{"class":117},[20,108068,108069,108070,108072],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108071,2354],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[52,108074,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,108076,12986,108078,102825],{"id":108077},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108079,102877],{},[20,108081,102828],{},[1430,108083,5465,108085,108087],{"id":108084},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108086,102877],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108089,108090],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1430,108092,108094],{"id":108093},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108096,108097],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1430,108099,108101],{"id":108100},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108103,108104],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[57,108106,108107],{"className":59,"code":97544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,108108,108109],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108110,108111,108113],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108112,6580],{"class":173},[66,108114,141],{"class":80},[52,108116,2183],{"id":2182},[30,108118,108119,108123,108130,108136],{},[33,108120,108121],{},[652,108122,96414],{"href":96413},[33,108124,108125],{},[652,108126,3870,108127,978],{"href":107816},[15,108128,108129],{},"set.union()",[33,108131,108132],{},[652,108133,3870,108134,978],{"href":102926},[15,108135,100505],{},[33,108137,108138],{},[652,108139,100430],{"href":105429},[2222,108141,108142],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":108144},[108145,108147,108148,108149,108150,108152,108157,108158,108166],{"id":106758,"depth":124,"text":108146},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":107266,"depth":124,"text":108151},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107517,"depth":124,"text":108153,"children":108154},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108155,108156],{"id":106729,"depth":144,"text":102877},{"id":107663,"depth":144,"text":107522},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":108159},[108160,108162,108164,108165],{"id":108077,"depth":144,"text":108161},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108084,"depth":144,"text":108163},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108093,"depth":144,"text":108094},{"id":108100,"depth":144,"text":108101},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106651,"description":108167},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108174,"title":108175,"body":108176,"description":109412,"extension":2260,"meta":109413,"navigation":147,"path":109414,"seo":109415,"stem":109416,"__hash__":109417},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108177,"toc":109379},[108178,108183,108189,108198,108200,108275,108280,108295,108305,108310,108314,108327,108331,108333,108348,108350,108366,108368,108443,108447,108450,108452,108469,108474,108529,108534,108546,108550,108553,108654,108656,108697,108700,108704,108711,108713,108738,108741,108759,108766,108772,108775,108857,108864,108867,108947,108956,108959,108964,108968,108982,109031,109036,109040,109051,109100,109111,109116,109120,109132,109181,109192,109194,109198,109221,109223,109280,109282,109296,109298,109304,109310,109316,109325,109329,109336,109340,109348,109350,109376],[10,108179,96286,108181,18],{"id":108180},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108182,13045],{},[20,108184,108185,108188],{},[15,108186,108187],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108190,108191,108192,108194,108195,108197],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[185,108193,4926],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108196,13045],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[52,108199,55],{"id":54},[57,108201,108203],{"className":59,"code":108202,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108204,108205,108237,108251,108255,108265],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108206,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108208,8073],{"class":72},[66,108210,77],{"class":76},[66,108212,81],{"class":80},[66,108214,85],{"class":84},[66,108216,4372],{"class":88},[66,108218,85],{"class":84},[66,108220,105],{"class":80},[66,108222,97],{"class":84},[66,108224,4381],{"class":88},[66,108226,85],{"class":84},[66,108228,105],{"class":80},[66,108230,97],{"class":84},[66,108232,4390],{"class":88},[66,108234,85],{"class":84},[66,108236,121],{"class":80},[66,108238,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108240,70017],{"class":72},[66,108242,77],{"class":76},[66,108244,6258],{"class":72},[66,108246,50],{"class":80},[66,108248,26305],{"class":137},[66,108250,141],{"class":80},[66,108252,108253],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,108254,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,108256,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,108258,155],{"class":154},[66,108260,158],{"class":80},[66,108262,70040],{"class":137},[66,108264,163],{"class":80},[66,108266,108267,108269,108271,108273],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,108268,155],{"class":154},[66,108270,158],{"class":80},[66,108272,8103],{"class":137},[66,108274,163],{"class":80},[20,108276,108277],{},[185,108278,108279],{},"What this does:",[30,108281,108282,108287,108292],{},[33,108283,108284,108285],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108286,8103],{},[33,108288,108289,108290],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108291,70040],{},[33,108293,108294],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108296,108297,89046,108299,108301,108302,108304],{},[185,108298,83904],{},[15,108300,108187],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[185,108303,4926],{}," chosen by index.",[52,108306,250,108308,253],{"id":108307},"what-setpop-does",[15,108309,108187],{},[20,108311,108312,94],{},[15,108313,108187],{},[30,108315,108316,108318,108321,108324],{},[33,108317,103128],{},[33,108319,108320],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,108322,108323],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,108325,108326],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108328,96410,108329,50],{},[652,108330,96414],{"href":97585},[52,108332,2455],{"id":2454},[57,108334,108336],{"className":59,"code":108335,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108337,108338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108339,108340,108342,108344,108346],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108341,15940],{"class":72},[66,108343,50],{"class":80},[66,108345,26305],{"class":137},[66,108347,141],{"class":80},[20,108349,13332],{},[30,108351,108352,108358,108363],{},[33,108353,108354,108355],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108356,108357],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,108359,108360,108361],{},"It takes ",[185,108362,28753],{},[33,108364,108365],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108367,281],{},[57,108369,108371],{"className":59,"code":108370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108372,108373,108405,108419,108423,108433],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108374,108375,108377,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108376,13356],{"class":72},[66,108378,77],{"class":76},[66,108380,81],{"class":80},[66,108382,85],{"class":84},[66,108384,13373],{"class":88},[66,108386,85],{"class":84},[66,108388,105],{"class":80},[66,108390,97],{"class":84},[66,108392,13390],{"class":88},[66,108394,85],{"class":84},[66,108396,105],{"class":80},[66,108398,97],{"class":84},[66,108400,17716],{"class":88},[66,108402,85],{"class":84},[66,108404,121],{"class":80},[66,108406,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108408,28603],{"class":72},[66,108410,77],{"class":76},[66,108412,13404],{"class":72},[66,108414,50],{"class":80},[66,108416,26305],{"class":137},[66,108418,141],{"class":80},[66,108420,108421],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,108422,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,108424,108425,108427,108429,108431],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,108426,155],{"class":154},[66,108428,158],{"class":80},[66,108430,23563],{"class":137},[66,108432,163],{"class":80},[66,108434,108435,108437,108439,108441],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,108436,155],{"class":154},[66,108438,158],{"class":80},[66,108440,17763],{"class":137},[66,108442,163],{"class":80},[52,108444,108446],{"id":108445},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108448,108449],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108451,2404],{},[30,108453,108454,108460,108463],{},[33,108455,108456,108457,108459],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108458,13045],{}," removes",[33,108461,108462],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108464,108465,108466,108468],{},"You should not use ",[15,108467,13045],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108470,10747,108471,108473],{},[185,108472,4926],{}," valid:",[57,108475,108477],{"className":59,"code":108476,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108478,108479,108511],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108480,108481,108483,108485,108487,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108482,36310],{"class":72},[66,108484,77],{"class":76},[66,108486,81],{"class":80},[66,108488,85],{"class":84},[66,108490,4372],{"class":88},[66,108492,85],{"class":84},[66,108494,105],{"class":80},[66,108496,97],{"class":84},[66,108498,4381],{"class":88},[66,108500,85],{"class":84},[66,108502,105],{"class":80},[66,108504,97],{"class":84},[66,108506,4390],{"class":88},[66,108508,85],{"class":84},[66,108510,121],{"class":80},[66,108512,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108514,36362],{"class":72},[66,108516,50],{"class":80},[66,108518,26305],{"class":137},[66,108520,158],{"class":80},[66,108522,85],{"class":84},[66,108524,4372],{"class":88},[66,108526,85],{"class":84},[66,108528,163],{"class":80},[20,108530,39727,108531,108533],{},[15,108532,108187],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108535,108536,108537,3176,108541,50],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[652,108538,108539],{"href":98295},[15,108540,102954],{},[652,108542,108544],{"href":108543},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108545,102945],{},[52,108547,108549],{"id":108548},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108551,108552],{},"Here is a simple example:",[57,108554,108556],{"className":59,"code":108555,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108557,108558,108592,108596,108612,108616,108635],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108559,108560,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108588,108590],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108561,108562],{"class":72},"animals ",[66,108564,77],{"class":76},[66,108566,81],{"class":80},[66,108568,85],{"class":84},[66,108570,37119],{"class":88},[66,108572,85],{"class":84},[66,108574,105],{"class":80},[66,108576,97],{"class":84},[66,108578,58208],{"class":88},[66,108580,85],{"class":84},[66,108582,105],{"class":80},[66,108584,97],{"class":84},[66,108586,108587],{"class":88},"rabbit",[66,108589,85],{"class":84},[66,108591,121],{"class":80},[66,108593,108594],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108595,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,108597,108598,108601,108603,108606,108608,108610],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,108599,108600],{"class":72},"removed_animal ",[66,108602,77],{"class":76},[66,108604,108605],{"class":72}," animals",[66,108607,50],{"class":80},[66,108609,26305],{"class":137},[66,108611,141],{"class":80},[66,108613,108614],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,108615,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,108617,108618,108620,108622,108624,108626,108628,108630,108633],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,108619,155],{"class":154},[66,108621,158],{"class":80},[66,108623,85],{"class":84},[66,108625,29021],{"class":88},[66,108627,85],{"class":84},[66,108629,105],{"class":80},[66,108631,108632],{"class":137}," removed_animal",[66,108634,163],{"class":80},[66,108636,108637,108639,108641,108643,108646,108648,108650,108652],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,108638,155],{"class":154},[66,108640,158],{"class":80},[66,108642,85],{"class":84},[66,108644,108645],{"class":88},"Updated set:",[66,108647,85],{"class":84},[66,108649,105],{"class":80},[66,108651,108605],{"class":137},[66,108653,163],{"class":80},[20,108655,30095],{},[57,108657,108659],{"className":59,"code":108658,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108660,108661,108670],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108662,108663,108665,108667],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108664,29063],{"class":72},[66,108666,94],{"class":80},[66,108668,108669],{"class":72}," dog\n",[66,108671,108672,108675,108677,108679,108681,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108673,108674],{"class":72},"Updated ",[66,108676,6580],{"class":173},[66,108678,94],{"class":80},[66,108680,81],{"class":80},[66,108682,202],{"class":84},[66,108684,37119],{"class":88},[66,108686,202],{"class":84},[66,108688,105],{"class":80},[66,108690,211],{"class":84},[66,108692,108587],{"class":88},[66,108694,202],{"class":84},[66,108696,121],{"class":80},[20,108698,108699],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[52,108701,108703],{"id":108702},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108705,29715,108706,108708,108709,50],{},[15,108707,13045],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108710,19947],{},[20,108712,281],{},[57,108714,108716],{"className":59,"code":108715,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108717,108718,108728],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108719,108720,108722,108724,108726],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108721,8073],{"class":72},[66,108723,77],{"class":76},[66,108725,15907],{"class":173},[66,108727,141],{"class":80},[66,108729,108730,108732,108734,108736],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108731,8103],{"class":72},[66,108733,50],{"class":80},[66,108735,26305],{"class":137},[66,108737,141],{"class":80},[20,108739,108740],{},"This raises:",[57,108742,108744],{"className":59,"code":108743,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108745,108746],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108747,108748,108750,108752,108754,108757],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108749,19947],{"class":173},[66,108751,94],{"class":80},[66,108753,211],{"class":84},[66,108755,108756],{"class":88},"pop from an empty set",[66,108758,29765],{"class":84},[20,108760,108761,108762,108765],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[652,108763,108764],{"href":11358},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1430,108767,108769,108770],{"id":108768},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108771,13045],{},[20,108773,108774],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[57,108776,108778],{"className":59,"code":108777,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108779,108780,108790,108794,108802,108817,108836,108842],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108781,108782,108784,108786,108788],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108783,8073],{"class":72},[66,108785,77],{"class":76},[66,108787,15907],{"class":173},[66,108789,141],{"class":80},[66,108791,108792],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108793,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,108795,108796,108798,108800],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,108797,7291],{"class":1060},[66,108799,6258],{"class":72},[66,108801,1133],{"class":80},[66,108803,108804,108807,108809,108811,108813,108815],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,108805,108806],{"class":72},"    removed ",[66,108808,77],{"class":76},[66,108810,6258],{"class":72},[66,108812,50],{"class":80},[66,108814,26305],{"class":137},[66,108816,141],{"class":80},[66,108818,108819,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829,108831,108834],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,108820,1081],{"class":154},[66,108822,158],{"class":80},[66,108824,85],{"class":84},[66,108826,29021],{"class":88},[66,108828,85],{"class":84},[66,108830,105],{"class":80},[66,108832,108833],{"class":137}," removed",[66,108835,163],{"class":80},[66,108837,108838,108840],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,108839,27498],{"class":1060},[66,108841,1133],{"class":80},[66,108843,108844,108846,108848,108850,108853,108855],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,108845,1081],{"class":154},[66,108847,158],{"class":80},[66,108849,85],{"class":84},[66,108851,108852],{"class":88},"The set is empty.",[66,108854,85],{"class":84},[66,108856,163],{"class":80},[1430,108858,243,108860,4688,108862],{"id":108859},"use-try-and-except",[15,108861,29869],{},[15,108863,29900],{},[20,108865,108866],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[57,108868,108870],{"className":59,"code":108869,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108871,108872,108882,108886,108892,108906,108924,108932],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108873,108874,108876,108878,108880],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108875,8073],{"class":72},[66,108877,77],{"class":76},[66,108879,15907],{"class":173},[66,108881,141],{"class":80},[66,108883,108884],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,108885,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,108887,108888,108890],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,108889,29869],{"class":1060},[66,108891,1133],{"class":80},[66,108893,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,108895,108806],{"class":72},[66,108897,77],{"class":76},[66,108899,6258],{"class":72},[66,108901,50],{"class":80},[66,108903,26305],{"class":137},[66,108905,141],{"class":80},[66,108907,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,108909,1081],{"class":154},[66,108911,158],{"class":80},[66,108913,85],{"class":84},[66,108915,29021],{"class":88},[66,108917,85],{"class":84},[66,108919,105],{"class":80},[66,108921,108833],{"class":137},[66,108923,163],{"class":80},[66,108925,108926,108928,108930],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,108927,29900],{"class":1060},[66,108929,29903],{"class":173},[66,108931,1133],{"class":80},[66,108933,108934,108936,108938,108940,108943,108945],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,108935,1081],{"class":154},[66,108937,158],{"class":80},[66,108939,85],{"class":84},[66,108941,108942],{"class":88},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[66,108944,85],{"class":84},[66,108946,163],{"class":80},[52,108948,1154,108950,10871,108952,10871,108954],{"id":108949},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108951,13045],{},[15,108953,55609],{},[15,108955,102940],{},[20,108957,108958],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1430,108960,243,108962],{"id":108961},"use-pop",[15,108963,13045],{},[20,108965,243,108966,1161],{},[15,108967,13045],{},[30,108969,108970,108976,108979],{},[33,108971,108972,108973],{},"You want to remove ",[185,108974,108975],{},"any one item",[33,108977,108978],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108980,108981],{},"You want the removed item returned",[57,108983,108985],{"className":59,"code":108984,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108986,108987,109007,109021],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,108988,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,108990,1706],{"class":72},[66,108992,77],{"class":76},[66,108994,81],{"class":80},[66,108996,1714],{"class":117},[66,108998,105],{"class":80},[66,109000,1719],{"class":117},[66,109002,105],{"class":80},[66,109004,1724],{"class":117},[66,109006,121],{"class":80},[66,109008,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109010,2745],{"class":72},[66,109012,77],{"class":76},[66,109014,4557],{"class":72},[66,109016,50],{"class":80},[66,109018,26305],{"class":137},[66,109020,141],{"class":80},[66,109022,109023,109025,109027,109029],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,109024,155],{"class":154},[66,109026,158],{"class":80},[66,109028,2771],{"class":137},[66,109030,163],{"class":80},[1430,109032,243,109034],{"id":109033},"use-remove",[15,109035,55609],{},[20,109037,243,109038,1161],{},[15,109039,55609],{},[30,109041,109042,109048],{},[33,109043,109044,109045],{},"You want to delete a ",[185,109046,109047],{},"specific item",[33,109049,109050],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[57,109052,109054],{"className":59,"code":109053,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109055,109056,109076,109090],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109057,109058,109060,109062,109064,109066,109068,109070,109072,109074],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109059,1706],{"class":72},[66,109061,77],{"class":76},[66,109063,81],{"class":80},[66,109065,1714],{"class":117},[66,109067,105],{"class":80},[66,109069,1719],{"class":117},[66,109071,105],{"class":80},[66,109073,1724],{"class":117},[66,109075,121],{"class":80},[66,109077,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109088],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109079,1735],{"class":72},[66,109081,50],{"class":80},[66,109083,34863],{"class":137},[66,109085,158],{"class":80},[66,109087,2354],{"class":117},[66,109089,163],{"class":80},[66,109091,109092,109094,109096,109098],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,109093,155],{"class":154},[66,109095,158],{"class":80},[66,109097,1735],{"class":137},[66,109099,163],{"class":80},[20,109101,109102,109103,109105,109106,109110],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109104,55609],{}," raises an error. See the ",[652,109107,109108,978],{"href":98295},[15,109109,102954],{}," for details.",[1430,109112,243,109114],{"id":109113},"use-discard",[15,109115,102940],{},[20,109117,243,109118,1161],{},[15,109119,102940],{},[30,109121,109122,109126],{},[33,109123,109044,109124],{},[185,109125,109047],{},[33,109127,109128,109129,109131],{},"You do ",[185,109130,4926],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[57,109133,109135],{"className":59,"code":109134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109136,109137,109157,109171],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109138,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109140,1706],{"class":72},[66,109142,77],{"class":76},[66,109144,81],{"class":80},[66,109146,1714],{"class":117},[66,109148,105],{"class":80},[66,109150,1719],{"class":117},[66,109152,105],{"class":80},[66,109154,1724],{"class":117},[66,109156,121],{"class":80},[66,109158,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109160,1735],{"class":72},[66,109162,50],{"class":80},[66,109164,103007],{"class":137},[66,109166,158],{"class":80},[66,109168,2433],{"class":117},[66,109170,163],{"class":80},[66,109172,109173,109175,109177,109179],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,109174,155],{"class":154},[66,109176,158],{"class":80},[66,109178,1735],{"class":137},[66,109180,163],{"class":80},[20,109182,109183,109184,109186,109187,109191],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109185,2433],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[652,109188,109189,978],{"href":108543},[15,109190,102945],{}," for more examples.",[52,109193,1838],{"id":1837},[20,109195,71563,109196,94],{},[15,109197,108187],{},[30,109199,109200,109206,109211,109216],{},[33,109201,109202,109203],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109204,109205],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,109207,1433,109208,109210],{},[15,109209,13045],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,109212,29715,109213,109215],{},[15,109214,13045],{}," on an empty set",[33,109217,1848,109218,109220],{},[15,109219,13045],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109222,62377],{},[57,109224,109226],{"className":59,"code":109225,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109227,109228,109238,109252,109266],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109229,109230,109232,109234,109236],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109231,155],{"class":154},[66,109233,158],{"class":80},[66,109235,15940],{"class":137},[66,109237,163],{"class":80},[66,109239,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248,109250],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109241,155],{"class":154},[66,109243,158],{"class":80},[66,109245,11445],{"class":154},[66,109247,158],{"class":80},[66,109249,15940],{"class":137},[66,109251,181],{"class":80},[66,109253,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,109255,155],{"class":154},[66,109257,158],{"class":80},[66,109259,912],{"class":173},[66,109261,158],{"class":80},[66,109263,15940],{"class":137},[66,109265,181],{"class":80},[66,109267,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,109269,28603],{"class":72},[66,109271,77],{"class":76},[66,109273,97010],{"class":72},[66,109275,50],{"class":80},[66,109277,26305],{"class":137},[66,109279,141],{"class":80},[20,109281,2094],{},[30,109283,109284,109287,109290,109293],{},[33,109285,109286],{},"What values are in the set",[33,109288,109289],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,109291,109292],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,109294,109295],{},"What value was actually removed",[52,109297,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,109299,12986,109301,109303],{"id":109300},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109302,108187],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109305,109306,109307,109309],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109308,13045],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1430,109311,109313,109314,2151],{"id":109312},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109315,108187],{},[20,109317,109318,109319,109321,109322,109324],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109320,13045],{},", set ",[15,109323,13045],{}," does not accept an index.",[1430,109326,109328],{"id":109327},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109330,71732,109331,44706,109333,109335],{},[15,109332,19947],{},[15,109334,13045],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1430,109337,109339],{"id":109338},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109341,243,109342,3176,109344,11376,109346,50],{},[15,109343,55609],{},[15,109345,102940],{},[15,109347,13045],{},[52,109349,2183],{"id":2182},[30,109351,109352,109356,109362,109368,109372],{},[33,109353,109354],{},[652,109355,96414],{"href":97585},[33,109357,109358],{},[652,109359,96900,109360,978],{"href":98295},[15,109361,55609],{},[33,109363,109364],{},[652,109365,96900,109366,978],{"href":108543},[15,109367,102940],{},[33,109369,109370],{},[652,109371,11546],{"href":11358},[33,109373,109374],{},[652,109375,55595],{"href":55147},[2222,109377,109378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":109380},[109381,109382,109384,109385,109386,109387,109393,109402,109403,109411],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":108307,"depth":124,"text":109383},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":108445,"depth":124,"text":108446},{"id":108548,"depth":124,"text":108549},{"id":108702,"depth":124,"text":108703,"children":109388},[109389,109391],{"id":108768,"depth":144,"text":109390},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108859,"depth":144,"text":109392},"Use try and except",{"id":108949,"depth":124,"text":109394,"children":109395},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109396,109398,109400],{"id":108961,"depth":144,"text":109397},"Use pop()",{"id":109033,"depth":144,"text":109399},"Use remove()",{"id":109113,"depth":144,"text":109401},"Use discard()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":109404},[109405,109407,109409,109410],{"id":109300,"depth":144,"text":109406},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109312,"depth":144,"text":109408},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109327,"depth":144,"text":109328},{"id":109338,"depth":144,"text":109339},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108175,"description":109412},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109419,"title":109420,"body":109421,"description":110575,"extension":2260,"meta":110576,"navigation":147,"path":110577,"seo":110578,"stem":110579,"__hash__":110580},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109422,"toc":110543},[109423,109428,109433,109442,109444,109509,109513,109537,109544,109549,109553,109568,109571,109573,109592,109606,109609,109657,109661,109677,109679,109752,109756,109781,109787,109795,109799,109806,109861,109866,109883,109889,109895,109900,109908,109915,109919,109927,109982,109984,110001,110005,110012,110077,110081,110114,110116,110128,110135,110137,110142,110149,110151,110220,110224,110232,110234,110298,110302,110307,110354,110359,110427,110435,110442,110445,110451,110456,110460,110462,110465,110467,110472,110477,110483,110488,110495,110503,110509,110512,110514,110540],[10,109424,96286,109426,18],{"id":109425},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109427,55609],{},[20,109429,109430,109432],{},[15,109431,102954],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109434,109435,109436,109439,109440,50],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[185,109437,109438],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109441,19947],{},[52,109443,55],{"id":54},[57,109445,109447],{"className":59,"code":109446,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109448,109449,109481,109499],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109450,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109452,13356],{"class":72},[66,109454,77],{"class":76},[66,109456,81],{"class":80},[66,109458,85],{"class":84},[66,109460,13373],{"class":88},[66,109462,85],{"class":84},[66,109464,105],{"class":80},[66,109466,97],{"class":84},[66,109468,13390],{"class":88},[66,109470,85],{"class":84},[66,109472,105],{"class":80},[66,109474,97],{"class":84},[66,109476,17716],{"class":88},[66,109478,85],{"class":84},[66,109480,121],{"class":80},[66,109482,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495,109497],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109484,17763],{"class":72},[66,109486,50],{"class":80},[66,109488,34863],{"class":137},[66,109490,158],{"class":80},[66,109492,85],{"class":84},[66,109494,13390],{"class":88},[66,109496,85],{"class":84},[66,109498,163],{"class":80},[66,109500,109501,109503,109505,109507],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,109502,155],{"class":154},[66,109504,158],{"class":80},[66,109506,17763],{"class":137},[66,109508,163],{"class":80},[20,109510,109511],{},[185,109512,30095],{},[57,109514,109515],{"className":59,"code":103634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,109516,109517],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109518,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109520,9569],{"class":80},[66,109522,202],{"class":84},[66,109524,13373],{"class":88},[66,109526,202],{"class":84},[66,109528,105],{"class":80},[66,109530,211],{"class":84},[66,109532,17716],{"class":88},[66,109534,202],{"class":84},[66,109536,121],{"class":80},[20,109538,243,109539,109541,109542,50],{},[15,109540,55609],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109543,19947],{},[52,109545,250,109547,253],{"id":109546},"what-setremove-does",[15,109548,102954],{},[20,109550,109551,94],{},[15,109552,102954],{},[30,109554,109555,109558,109560,109562],{},[33,109556,109557],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109559,96401],{},[33,109561,96404],{},[33,109563,109564,109565,109567],{},"Raises ",[15,109566,19947],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109569,109570],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[52,109572,2455],{"id":2454},[57,109574,109576],{"className":59,"code":109575,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109577,109578],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109579,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109581,15940],{"class":72},[66,109583,50],{"class":80},[66,109585,34863],{"class":137},[66,109587,158],{"class":80},[66,109589,2771],{"class":137},[66,109591,163],{"class":80},[30,109593,109594,109598,109603],{},[33,109595,109596,103176],{},[15,109597,15940],{},[33,109599,109600,109602],{},[15,109601,2771],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109604,109605],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109607,109608],{},"Here is a small example:",[57,109610,109611],{"className":59,"code":109053,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,109612,109613,109633,109647],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109614,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109616,1706],{"class":72},[66,109618,77],{"class":76},[66,109620,81],{"class":80},[66,109622,1714],{"class":117},[66,109624,105],{"class":80},[66,109626,1719],{"class":117},[66,109628,105],{"class":80},[66,109630,1724],{"class":117},[66,109632,121],{"class":80},[66,109634,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109636,1735],{"class":72},[66,109638,50],{"class":80},[66,109640,34863],{"class":137},[66,109642,158],{"class":80},[66,109644,2354],{"class":117},[66,109646,163],{"class":80},[66,109648,109649,109651,109653,109655],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,109650,155],{"class":154},[66,109652,158],{"class":80},[66,109654,1735],{"class":137},[66,109656,163],{"class":80},[20,109658,109659],{},[185,109660,30095],{},[57,109662,109663],{"className":59,"code":101384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,109664,109665],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109666,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109668,9569],{"class":80},[66,109670,1714],{"class":117},[66,109672,105],{"class":80},[66,109674,1724],{"class":117},[66,109676,121],{"class":80},[52,109678,11756],{"id":11755},[57,109680,109682],{"className":59,"code":109681,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109683,109684,109716,109720,109738,109742],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109685,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109687,36310],{"class":72},[66,109689,77],{"class":76},[66,109691,81],{"class":80},[66,109693,85],{"class":84},[66,109695,4372],{"class":88},[66,109697,85],{"class":84},[66,109699,105],{"class":80},[66,109701,97],{"class":84},[66,109703,4381],{"class":88},[66,109705,85],{"class":84},[66,109707,105],{"class":80},[66,109709,97],{"class":84},[66,109711,33288],{"class":88},[66,109713,85],{"class":84},[66,109715,121],{"class":80},[66,109717,109718],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109719,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,109721,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,109723,36362],{"class":72},[66,109725,50],{"class":80},[66,109727,34863],{"class":137},[66,109729,158],{"class":80},[66,109731,85],{"class":84},[66,109733,4381],{"class":88},[66,109735,85],{"class":84},[66,109737,163],{"class":80},[66,109739,109740],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,109741,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,109743,109744,109746,109748,109750],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,109745,155],{"class":154},[66,109747,158],{"class":80},[66,109749,36362],{"class":137},[66,109751,163],{"class":80},[20,109753,109754],{},[185,109755,30095],{},[57,109757,109759],{"className":59,"code":109758,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109760,109761],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109762,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109764,9569],{"class":80},[66,109766,202],{"class":84},[66,109768,4372],{"class":88},[66,109770,202],{"class":84},[66,109772,105],{"class":80},[66,109774,211],{"class":84},[66,109776,33288],{"class":88},[66,109778,202],{"class":84},[66,109780,121],{"class":80},[20,109782,109783,109784,109786],{},"This removes ",[15,109785,65357],{}," from the set.",[20,109788,109789,109790,109792,109793,50],{},"A set does ",[185,109791,4926],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[652,109794,96418],{"href":97969},[52,109796,109798],{"id":109797},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109800,109801,109802,52574,109804,50],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109803,55609],{},[15,109805,19947],{},[57,109807,109809],{"className":59,"code":109808,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109810,109811,109843],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109812,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109814,13356],{"class":72},[66,109816,77],{"class":76},[66,109818,81],{"class":80},[66,109820,85],{"class":84},[66,109822,13373],{"class":88},[66,109824,85],{"class":84},[66,109826,105],{"class":80},[66,109828,97],{"class":84},[66,109830,13390],{"class":88},[66,109832,85],{"class":84},[66,109834,105],{"class":80},[66,109836,97],{"class":84},[66,109838,17716],{"class":88},[66,109840,85],{"class":84},[66,109842,121],{"class":80},[66,109844,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109846,17763],{"class":72},[66,109848,50],{"class":80},[66,109850,34863],{"class":137},[66,109852,158],{"class":80},[66,109854,85],{"class":84},[66,109856,22778],{"class":88},[66,109858,85],{"class":84},[66,109860,163],{"class":80},[20,109862,109863],{},[185,109864,109865],{},"Result:",[57,109867,109869],{"className":59,"code":109868,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109870,109871],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109872,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109874,19947],{"class":173},[66,109876,94],{"class":80},[66,109878,211],{"class":84},[66,109880,22778],{"class":88},[66,109882,29765],{"class":84},[20,109884,22444,109885,109888],{},[15,109886,109887],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109890,109891,109892,109894],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109893,55609],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109896,109897,109898,50],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[652,109899,11546],{"href":11358},[52,109901,4492,109903,109905,109906],{"id":109902},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109904,55609],{}," is different from ",[15,109907,102940],{},[20,109909,109910,4688,109912,109914],{},[15,109911,55609],{},[15,109913,102940],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1430,109916,109917],{"id":34863},[15,109918,55609],{},[30,109920,109921,109924],{},[33,109922,109923],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109925,109926],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[57,109928,109930],{"className":59,"code":109929,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109931,109932,109964],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109933,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109935,36161],{"class":72},[66,109937,77],{"class":76},[66,109939,81],{"class":80},[66,109941,85],{"class":84},[66,109943,652],{"class":88},[66,109945,85],{"class":84},[66,109947,105],{"class":80},[66,109949,97],{"class":84},[66,109951,1903],{"class":88},[66,109953,85],{"class":84},[66,109955,105],{"class":80},[66,109957,97],{"class":84},[66,109959,10027],{"class":88},[66,109961,85],{"class":84},[66,109963,121],{"class":80},[66,109965,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,109967,36214],{"class":72},[66,109969,50],{"class":80},[66,109971,34863],{"class":137},[66,109973,158],{"class":80},[66,109975,85],{"class":84},[66,109977,19027],{"class":88},[66,109979,85],{"class":84},[66,109981,163],{"class":80},[20,109983,108740],{},[57,109985,109987],{"className":59,"code":109986,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109988,109989],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,109990,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,109992,19947],{"class":173},[66,109994,94],{"class":80},[66,109996,211],{"class":84},[66,109998,19027],{"class":88},[66,110000,29765],{"class":84},[1430,110002,110003],{"id":103007},[15,110004,102940],{},[30,110006,110007,110009],{},[33,110008,109923],{},[33,110010,110011],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[57,110013,110015],{"className":59,"code":110014,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110016,110017,110049,110067],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110018,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110020,36161],{"class":72},[66,110022,77],{"class":76},[66,110024,81],{"class":80},[66,110026,85],{"class":84},[66,110028,652],{"class":88},[66,110030,85],{"class":84},[66,110032,105],{"class":80},[66,110034,97],{"class":84},[66,110036,1903],{"class":88},[66,110038,85],{"class":84},[66,110040,105],{"class":80},[66,110042,97],{"class":84},[66,110044,10027],{"class":88},[66,110046,85],{"class":84},[66,110048,121],{"class":80},[66,110050,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,110052,36214],{"class":72},[66,110054,50],{"class":80},[66,110056,103007],{"class":137},[66,110058,158],{"class":80},[66,110060,85],{"class":84},[66,110062,19027],{"class":88},[66,110064,85],{"class":84},[66,110066,163],{"class":80},[66,110068,110069,110071,110073,110075],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,110070,155],{"class":154},[66,110072,158],{"class":80},[66,110074,36214],{"class":137},[66,110076,163],{"class":80},[20,110078,110079],{},[185,110080,187],{},[57,110082,110084],{"className":59,"code":110083,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110085,110086],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110087,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110089,9569],{"class":80},[66,110091,202],{"class":84},[66,110093,652],{"class":88},[66,110095,202],{"class":84},[66,110097,105],{"class":80},[66,110099,211],{"class":84},[66,110101,1903],{"class":88},[66,110103,202],{"class":84},[66,110105,105],{"class":80},[66,110107,211],{"class":84},[66,110109,10027],{"class":88},[66,110111,202],{"class":84},[66,110113,121],{"class":80},[20,110115,1815],{},[30,110117,110118,110123],{},[33,110119,110120,110122],{},[15,110121,55609],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,110124,110125,110127],{},[15,110126,102940],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110129,110130,110131,50],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[652,110132,96900,110133,978],{"href":108543},[15,110134,102940],{},[52,110136,4814],{"id":4813},[1430,110138,1433,110140,97280],{"id":110139},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110141,55609],{},[20,110143,110144,110146,110147,50],{},[15,110145,55609],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110148,4071],{},[20,110150,16918],{},[57,110152,110154],{"className":59,"code":110153,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110155,110156,110188,110210],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110157,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110159,13356],{"class":72},[66,110161,77],{"class":76},[66,110163,81],{"class":80},[66,110165,85],{"class":84},[66,110167,13373],{"class":88},[66,110169,85],{"class":84},[66,110171,105],{"class":80},[66,110173,97],{"class":84},[66,110175,13390],{"class":88},[66,110177,85],{"class":84},[66,110179,105],{"class":80},[66,110181,97],{"class":84},[66,110183,17716],{"class":88},[66,110185,85],{"class":84},[66,110187,121],{"class":80},[66,110189,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204,110206,110208],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,110191,13399],{"class":72},[66,110193,77],{"class":76},[66,110195,13404],{"class":72},[66,110197,50],{"class":80},[66,110199,34863],{"class":137},[66,110201,158],{"class":80},[66,110203,85],{"class":84},[66,110205,13390],{"class":88},[66,110207,85],{"class":84},[66,110209,163],{"class":80},[66,110211,110212,110214,110216,110218],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,110213,155],{"class":154},[66,110215,158],{"class":80},[66,110217,13423],{"class":137},[66,110219,163],{"class":80},[20,110221,110222],{},[185,110223,187],{},[57,110225,110226],{"className":59,"code":12089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,110227,110228],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110229,110230],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110231,12089],{"class":4146},[20,110233,695],{},[57,110235,110236],{"className":59,"code":109446,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,110237,110238,110270,110288],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110239,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110241,13356],{"class":72},[66,110243,77],{"class":76},[66,110245,81],{"class":80},[66,110247,85],{"class":84},[66,110249,13373],{"class":88},[66,110251,85],{"class":84},[66,110253,105],{"class":80},[66,110255,97],{"class":84},[66,110257,13390],{"class":88},[66,110259,85],{"class":84},[66,110261,105],{"class":80},[66,110263,97],{"class":84},[66,110265,17716],{"class":88},[66,110267,85],{"class":84},[66,110269,121],{"class":80},[66,110271,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,110273,17763],{"class":72},[66,110275,50],{"class":80},[66,110277,34863],{"class":137},[66,110279,158],{"class":80},[66,110281,85],{"class":84},[66,110283,13390],{"class":88},[66,110285,85],{"class":84},[66,110287,163],{"class":80},[66,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,110291,155],{"class":154},[66,110293,158],{"class":80},[66,110295,17763],{"class":137},[66,110297,163],{"class":80},[1430,110299,110301],{"id":110300},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110303,110304,110305,50],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110306,19947],{},[57,110308,110310],{"className":59,"code":110309,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110311,110312,110336],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110313,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330,110332,110334],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110315,13356],{"class":72},[66,110317,77],{"class":76},[66,110319,81],{"class":80},[66,110321,85],{"class":84},[66,110323,13373],{"class":88},[66,110325,85],{"class":84},[66,110327,105],{"class":80},[66,110329,97],{"class":84},[66,110331,13390],{"class":88},[66,110333,85],{"class":84},[66,110335,121],{"class":80},[66,110337,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,110339,17763],{"class":72},[66,110341,50],{"class":80},[66,110343,34863],{"class":137},[66,110345,158],{"class":80},[66,110347,85],{"class":84},[66,110349,17716],{"class":88},[66,110351,85],{"class":84},[66,110353,163],{"class":80},[20,110355,110356,110357,94],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110358,1067],{},[57,110360,110362],{"className":59,"code":110361,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110363,110364,110388,110392,110408],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110365,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382,110384,110386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110367,13356],{"class":72},[66,110369,77],{"class":76},[66,110371,81],{"class":80},[66,110373,85],{"class":84},[66,110375,13373],{"class":88},[66,110377,85],{"class":84},[66,110379,105],{"class":80},[66,110381,97],{"class":84},[66,110383,13390],{"class":88},[66,110385,85],{"class":84},[66,110387,121],{"class":80},[66,110389,110390],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,110391,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,110393,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,110395,7291],{"class":1060},[66,110397,97],{"class":84},[66,110399,17716],{"class":88},[66,110401,85],{"class":84},[66,110403,1372],{"class":76},[66,110405,13404],{"class":72},[66,110407,1133],{"class":80},[66,110409,110410,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,110411,110412],{"class":72},"    colors",[66,110414,50],{"class":80},[66,110416,34863],{"class":137},[66,110418,158],{"class":80},[66,110420,85],{"class":84},[66,110422,17716],{"class":88},[66,110424,85],{"class":84},[66,110426,163],{"class":80},[20,110428,110429,110430,110434],{},"Or use ",[652,110431,110432],{"href":108543},[15,110433,102940],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1430,110436,37276,110438,8997,110440],{"id":110437},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110439,102954],{},[15,110441,55155],{},[20,110443,110444],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110446,110447,110448,110450],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110449,102954],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110452,110453,110454,50],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[652,110455,99164],{"href":99163},[1430,110457,110459],{"id":110458},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110461,108449],{},[20,110463,110464],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[52,110466,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,110468,12986,110470,97379],{"id":110469},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110471,102954],{},[20,110473,110474,110475,50],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110476,4071],{},[1430,110478,30353,110480,110482],{"id":110479},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110481,102954],{}," raise?",[20,110484,30359,110485,110487],{},[15,110486,19947],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1430,110489,21678,110491,3176,110493,2151],{"id":110490},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110492,55609],{},[15,110494,102940],{},[20,110496,243,110497,110499,110500,110502],{},[15,110498,55609],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110501,102940],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1430,110504,5465,110506,110508],{"id":110505},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110507,102954],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110510,110511],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[52,110513,2183],{"id":2182},[30,110515,110516,110522,110528,110532,110536],{},[33,110517,110518],{},[652,110519,96900,110520,978],{"href":108543},[15,110521,102940],{},[33,110523,110524],{},[652,110525,96900,110526,978],{"href":98300},[15,110527,13045],{},[33,110529,110530],{},[652,110531,97424],{"href":97969},[33,110533,110534],{},[652,110535,100430],{"href":99163},[33,110537,110538],{},[652,110539,11546],{"href":11358},[2222,110541,110542],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":110544},[110545,110546,110548,110549,110550,110551,110556,110564,110574],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":109546,"depth":124,"text":110547},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":109797,"depth":124,"text":109798},{"id":109902,"depth":124,"text":110552,"children":110553},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110554,110555],{"id":34863,"depth":144,"text":55609},{"id":103007,"depth":144,"text":102940},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":110557},[110558,110560,110561,110563],{"id":110139,"depth":144,"text":110559},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110300,"depth":144,"text":110301},{"id":110437,"depth":144,"text":110562},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110458,"depth":144,"text":110459},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":110565},[110566,110568,110570,110572],{"id":110469,"depth":144,"text":110567},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110479,"depth":144,"text":110569},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110490,"depth":144,"text":110571},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110505,"depth":144,"text":110573},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109420,"description":110575},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110582,"title":110583,"body":110584,"description":111957,"extension":2260,"meta":111958,"navigation":147,"path":111959,"seo":111960,"stem":111961,"__hash__":111962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110585,"toc":111932},[110586,110592,110598,110601,110604,110618,110620,110701,110704,110709,110713,110727,110734,110736,110755,110758,110776,110778,110858,110860,110885,110889,110892,110900,110905,110910,110912,110925,110930,110933,110957,110960,110968,110970,110973,111070,111072,111105,111107,111133,111140,111143,111147,111155,111159,111167,111169,111259,111261,111275,111282,111287,111292,111294,111385,111387,111399,111401,111415,111421,111429,111431,111513,111515,111560,111563,111571,111574,111576,111580,111623,111625,111645,111650,111652,111737,111739,111744,111746,111753,111761,111767,111770,111772,111858,111860,111884,111888,111891,111893,111920,111930],[10,110587,96286,110589,18],{"id":110588},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110590,110591],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110593,110594,110597],{},[15,110595,110596],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110599,110600],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110602,110603],{},"Use it when:",[30,110605,110606,110609,110615],{},[33,110607,110608],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110610,110611,110612,110614],{},"you do ",[185,110613,4926],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110616,110617],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[52,110619,3903],{"id":3902},[57,110621,110623],{"className":59,"code":110622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110624,110625,110645,110665,110669,110688],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110626,110627,110629,110631,110633,110635,110637,110639,110641,110643],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110628,2853],{"class":72},[66,110630,77],{"class":76},[66,110632,81],{"class":80},[66,110634,1714],{"class":117},[66,110636,105],{"class":80},[66,110638,1719],{"class":117},[66,110640,105],{"class":80},[66,110642,1724],{"class":117},[66,110644,121],{"class":80},[66,110646,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,110648,2881],{"class":72},[66,110650,77],{"class":76},[66,110652,81],{"class":80},[66,110654,2360],{"class":117},[66,110656,105],{"class":80},[66,110658,2755],{"class":117},[66,110660,105],{"class":80},[66,110662,1231],{"class":117},[66,110664,121],{"class":80},[66,110666,110667],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,110668,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,110670,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110682,110684,110686],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,110672,877],{"class":72},[66,110674,77],{"class":76},[66,110676,56968],{"class":72},[66,110678,50],{"class":80},[66,110680,110681],{"class":137},"symmetric_difference",[66,110683,158],{"class":80},[66,110685,1903],{"class":137},[66,110687,163],{"class":80},[66,110689,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,110691,155],{"class":154},[66,110693,158],{"class":80},[66,110695,901],{"class":137},[66,110697,3954],{"class":80},[66,110699,110700],{"class":1945},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110702,110703],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[52,110705,250,110707,253],{"id":110706},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110708,110591],{},[20,110710,110711,94],{},[15,110712,110596],{},[30,110714,110715,110718,110721,110724],{},[33,110716,110717],{},"returns a new set",[33,110719,110720],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110722,110723],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110725,110726],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110728,96410,110729,3176,110731,50],{},[652,110730,96414],{"href":96413},[652,110732,110733],{"href":96417},"creating a set in Python",[52,110735,2455],{"id":2454},[57,110737,110739],{"className":59,"code":110738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110740,110741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110742,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110744,100671],{"class":72},[66,110746,50],{"class":80},[66,110748,110681],{"class":137},[66,110750,158],{"class":80},[66,110752,100680],{"class":137},[66,110754,163],{"class":80},[20,110756,110757],{},"Notes:",[30,110759,110760,110765,110770,110773],{},[33,110761,110762,110764],{},[15,110763,100671],{}," must be a set",[33,110766,110767,110769],{},[15,110768,100680],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110771,110772],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110774,110775],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110777,281],{},[57,110779,110781],{"className":59,"code":110780,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110782,110783,110804,110825,110829,110848],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110784,110785,110788,110790,110792,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110786,110787],{"class":72},"set1 ",[66,110789,77],{"class":76},[66,110791,81],{"class":80},[66,110793,1714],{"class":117},[66,110795,105],{"class":80},[66,110797,1719],{"class":117},[66,110799,105],{"class":80},[66,110801,1724],{"class":117},[66,110803,121],{"class":80},[66,110805,110806,110809,110811,110813,110815,110817,110819,110821,110823],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,110807,110808],{"class":72},"set2 ",[66,110810,77],{"class":76},[66,110812,81],{"class":80},[66,110814,2360],{"class":117},[66,110816,105],{"class":80},[66,110818,2755],{"class":117},[66,110820,105],{"class":80},[66,110822,1231],{"class":117},[66,110824,121],{"class":80},[66,110826,110827],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,110828,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,110830,110831,110833,110835,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,110832,877],{"class":72},[66,110834,77],{"class":76},[66,110836,110837],{"class":72}," set1",[66,110839,50],{"class":80},[66,110841,110681],{"class":137},[66,110843,158],{"class":80},[66,110845,100680],{"class":137},[66,110847,163],{"class":80},[66,110849,110850,110852,110854,110856],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,110851,155],{"class":154},[66,110853,158],{"class":80},[66,110855,901],{"class":137},[66,110857,163],{"class":80},[20,110859,187],{},[57,110861,110863],{"className":59,"code":110862,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110864,110865],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110866,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110868,9569],{"class":80},[66,110870,1714],{"class":117},[66,110872,105],{"class":80},[66,110874,1719],{"class":117},[66,110876,105],{"class":80},[66,110878,2755],{"class":117},[66,110880,105],{"class":80},[66,110882,1231],{"class":117},[66,110884,121],{"class":80},[52,110886,110888],{"id":110887},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110890,110891],{},"The result includes:",[30,110893,110894,110897],{},[33,110895,110896],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110898,110899],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110901,110902,110903,11367],{},"The result does ",[185,110904,4926],{},[30,110906,110907],{},[33,110908,110909],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110911,5767],{},[30,110913,110914,110919],{},[33,110915,110916,110917],{},"first set: ",[15,110918,100368],{},[33,110920,110921,110922],{},"second set: ",[15,110923,110924],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110926,4342,110927,110929],{},[15,110928,2360],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110931,110932],{},"The output is:",[57,110934,110935],{"className":59,"code":110862,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,110936,110937],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110938,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110940,9569],{"class":80},[66,110942,1714],{"class":117},[66,110944,105],{"class":80},[66,110946,1719],{"class":117},[66,110948,105],{"class":80},[66,110950,2755],{"class":117},[66,110952,105],{"class":80},[66,110954,1231],{"class":117},[66,110956,121],{"class":80},[20,110958,110959],{},"Also remember:",[30,110961,110962,110965],{},[33,110963,110964],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110966,110967],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[52,110969,11756],{"id":11755},[20,110971,110972],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[57,110974,110976],{"className":59,"code":110975,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110977,110978,111010,111034,111038,111056,111060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,110979,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,110981,107111],{"class":72},[66,110983,77],{"class":76},[66,110985,81],{"class":80},[66,110987,85],{"class":84},[66,110989,13373],{"class":88},[66,110991,85],{"class":84},[66,110993,105],{"class":80},[66,110995,97],{"class":84},[66,110997,13390],{"class":88},[66,110999,85],{"class":84},[66,111001,105],{"class":80},[66,111003,97],{"class":84},[66,111005,17716],{"class":88},[66,111007,85],{"class":84},[66,111009,121],{"class":80},[66,111011,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,111013,107144],{"class":72},[66,111015,77],{"class":76},[66,111017,81],{"class":80},[66,111019,85],{"class":84},[66,111021,17716],{"class":88},[66,111023,85],{"class":84},[66,111025,105],{"class":80},[66,111027,97],{"class":84},[66,111029,22778],{"class":88},[66,111031,85],{"class":84},[66,111033,121],{"class":80},[66,111035,111036],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,111037,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,111039,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,111041,877],{"class":72},[66,111043,77],{"class":76},[66,111045,107186],{"class":72},[66,111047,50],{"class":80},[66,111049,110681],{"class":137},[66,111051,158],{"class":80},[66,111053,107195],{"class":137},[66,111055,163],{"class":80},[66,111057,111058],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,111059,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,111061,111062,111064,111066,111068],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,111063,155],{"class":154},[66,111065,158],{"class":80},[66,111067,901],{"class":137},[66,111069,163],{"class":80},[20,111071,187],{},[57,111073,111075],{"className":59,"code":111074,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111076,111077],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111078,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111080,9569],{"class":80},[66,111082,202],{"class":84},[66,111084,13373],{"class":88},[66,111086,202],{"class":84},[66,111088,105],{"class":80},[66,111090,211],{"class":84},[66,111092,13390],{"class":88},[66,111094,202],{"class":84},[66,111096,105],{"class":80},[66,111098,211],{"class":84},[66,111100,22778],{"class":88},[66,111102,202],{"class":84},[66,111104,121],{"class":80},[20,111106,13686],{},[30,111108,111109,111114,111125],{},[33,111110,111111,111113],{},[15,111112,96579],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,111115,111116,4688,111118,111121,111122,111124],{},[15,111117,65475],{},[15,111119,111120],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111123,107248],{},", so they stay",[33,111126,111127,111129,111130,111132],{},[15,111128,109887],{}," is only in ",[15,111131,107195],{},", so it stays",[52,111134,111136,10871,111138],{"id":111135},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111137,110591],{},[15,111139,100500],{},[20,111141,111142],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111144,111145,94],{},[15,111146,100500],{},[30,111148,111149,111152],{},[33,111150,111151],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,111153,111154],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111156,111157,94],{},[15,111158,110591],{},[30,111160,111161,111164],{},[33,111162,111163],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,111165,111166],{},"removes shared items",[20,111168,281],{},[57,111170,111172],{"className":59,"code":111171,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111173,111174,111194,111214,111218,111239],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111175,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111177,2853],{"class":72},[66,111179,77],{"class":76},[66,111181,81],{"class":80},[66,111183,1714],{"class":117},[66,111185,105],{"class":80},[66,111187,1719],{"class":117},[66,111189,105],{"class":80},[66,111191,1724],{"class":117},[66,111193,121],{"class":80},[66,111195,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,111197,2881],{"class":72},[66,111199,77],{"class":76},[66,111201,81],{"class":80},[66,111203,2360],{"class":117},[66,111205,105],{"class":80},[66,111207,2755],{"class":117},[66,111209,105],{"class":80},[66,111211,1231],{"class":117},[66,111213,121],{"class":80},[66,111215,111216],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,111217,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,111219,111220,111222,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,111221,155],{"class":154},[66,111223,158],{"class":80},[66,111225,652],{"class":137},[66,111227,50],{"class":80},[66,111229,3111],{"class":137},[66,111231,158],{"class":80},[66,111233,1903],{"class":137},[66,111235,5658],{"class":80},[66,111237,111238],{"class":1945},"            # {1, 2}\n",[66,111240,111241,111243,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,111242,155],{"class":154},[66,111244,158],{"class":80},[66,111246,652],{"class":137},[66,111248,50],{"class":80},[66,111250,110681],{"class":137},[66,111252,158],{"class":80},[66,111254,1903],{"class":137},[66,111256,5658],{"class":80},[66,111258,110700],{"class":1945},[20,111260,1815],{},[30,111262,111263,111270],{},[33,111264,111265,111269],{},[652,111266,111267],{"href":102926},[15,111268,100500],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,111271,111272,111274],{},[15,111273,110591],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[52,111276,111278,10871,111280],{"id":111277},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111279,110591],{},[15,111281,102885],{},[20,111283,111284,111286],{},[15,111285,102885],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111288,111289,111291],{},[15,111290,110591],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111293,281],{},[57,111295,111297],{"className":59,"code":111296,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111298,111299,111319,111339,111343,111365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111300,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111302,2853],{"class":72},[66,111304,77],{"class":76},[66,111306,81],{"class":80},[66,111308,1714],{"class":117},[66,111310,105],{"class":80},[66,111312,1719],{"class":117},[66,111314,105],{"class":80},[66,111316,1724],{"class":117},[66,111318,121],{"class":80},[66,111320,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,111322,2881],{"class":72},[66,111324,77],{"class":76},[66,111326,81],{"class":80},[66,111328,2360],{"class":117},[66,111330,105],{"class":80},[66,111332,2755],{"class":117},[66,111334,105],{"class":80},[66,111336,1231],{"class":117},[66,111338,121],{"class":80},[66,111340,111341],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,111342,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,111344,111345,111347,111349,111351,111353,111356,111358,111360,111362],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,111346,155],{"class":154},[66,111348,158],{"class":80},[66,111350,652],{"class":137},[66,111352,50],{"class":80},[66,111354,111355],{"class":137},"union",[66,111357,158],{"class":80},[66,111359,1903],{"class":137},[66,111361,5658],{"class":80},[66,111363,111364],{"class":1945},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[66,111366,111367,111369,111371,111373,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,111368,155],{"class":154},[66,111370,158],{"class":80},[66,111372,652],{"class":137},[66,111374,50],{"class":80},[66,111376,110681],{"class":137},[66,111378,158],{"class":80},[66,111380,1903],{"class":137},[66,111382,5658],{"class":80},[66,111384,110700],{"class":1945},[20,111386,27285],{},[30,111388,111389,111394],{},[33,111390,111391,111393],{},[15,111392,102885],{}," includes everything",[33,111395,111396,111398],{},[15,111397,110591],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111400,1815],{},[30,111402,111403,111410],{},[33,111404,111405,111409],{},[652,111406,111407],{"href":107816},[15,111408,102885],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,111411,111412,111414],{},[15,111413,110591],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[52,111416,36684,111418,101684],{"id":111417},"using-the-operator",[15,111419,111420],{},"^",[20,111422,111423,111424,111426,111427,50],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111425,111420],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111428,110591],{},[20,111430,281],{},[57,111432,111434],{"className":59,"code":111433,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111435,111436,111456,111476,111480,111498],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111437,111438,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111439,110787],{"class":72},[66,111441,77],{"class":76},[66,111443,81],{"class":80},[66,111445,1714],{"class":117},[66,111447,105],{"class":80},[66,111449,1719],{"class":117},[66,111451,105],{"class":80},[66,111453,1724],{"class":117},[66,111455,121],{"class":80},[66,111457,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,111459,110808],{"class":72},[66,111461,77],{"class":76},[66,111463,81],{"class":80},[66,111465,2360],{"class":117},[66,111467,105],{"class":80},[66,111469,2755],{"class":117},[66,111471,105],{"class":80},[66,111473,1231],{"class":117},[66,111475,121],{"class":80},[66,111477,111478],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,111479,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,111481,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,111483,155],{"class":154},[66,111485,158],{"class":80},[66,111487,100671],{"class":137},[66,111489,50],{"class":80},[66,111491,110681],{"class":137},[66,111493,158],{"class":80},[66,111495,100680],{"class":137},[66,111497,181],{"class":80},[66,111499,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111511],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,111501,155],{"class":154},[66,111503,158],{"class":80},[66,111505,110787],{"class":137},[66,111507,111420],{"class":76},[66,111509,111510],{"class":137}," set2",[66,111512,163],{"class":80},[20,111514,30095],{},[57,111516,111518],{"className":59,"code":111517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111519,111520,111540],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111521,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111523,9569],{"class":80},[66,111525,1714],{"class":117},[66,111527,105],{"class":80},[66,111529,1719],{"class":117},[66,111531,105],{"class":80},[66,111533,2755],{"class":117},[66,111535,105],{"class":80},[66,111537,1231],{"class":117},[66,111539,121],{"class":80},[66,111541,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,111543,9569],{"class":80},[66,111545,1714],{"class":117},[66,111547,105],{"class":80},[66,111549,1719],{"class":117},[66,111551,105],{"class":80},[66,111553,2755],{"class":117},[66,111555,105],{"class":80},[66,111557,1231],{"class":117},[66,111559,121],{"class":80},[20,111561,111562],{},"Both forms:",[30,111564,111565,111568],{},[33,111566,111567],{},"return a new set",[33,111569,111570],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111572,111573],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[52,111575,4814],{"id":4813},[20,111577,21469,111578,94],{},[15,111579,110591],{},[30,111581,111582,111590,111600,111615],{},[33,111583,111584,111587,111589],{},[185,111585,111586],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10134,111588],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111591,111592,111595,111597,111599],{},[185,111593,111594],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10134,111596],{},[15,111598,110591],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111601,111602,111607,111609,111611,111612,111614],{},[185,111603,111604,111605],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111606,100500],{},[10134,111608],{},[15,111610,100500],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111613,110591],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111616,111617,111620,111622],{},[185,111618,111619],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10134,111621],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111624,58943],{},[30,111626,111627,111636,111639,111642],{},[33,111628,50570,111629,44706,111631,111635],{},[15,111630,110591],{},[652,111632,111633],{"href":107816},[15,111634,102885],{}," is actually needed",[33,111637,111638],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111640,111641],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111643,111644],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111646,111647,111648,50],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[652,111649,99164],{"href":105429},[20,111651,62377],{},[57,111653,111655],{"className":59,"code":111654,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111656,111657,111667,111677,111695,111709,111723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111658,111659,111661,111663,111665],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111660,155],{"class":154},[66,111662,158],{"class":80},[66,111664,100671],{"class":137},[66,111666,163],{"class":80},[66,111668,111669,111671,111673,111675],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,111670,155],{"class":154},[66,111672,158],{"class":80},[66,111674,100680],{"class":137},[66,111676,163],{"class":80},[66,111678,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,111680,155],{"class":154},[66,111682,158],{"class":80},[66,111684,100671],{"class":137},[66,111686,50],{"class":80},[66,111688,110681],{"class":137},[66,111690,158],{"class":80},[66,111692,100680],{"class":137},[66,111694,181],{"class":80},[66,111696,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,111698,155],{"class":154},[66,111700,158],{"class":80},[66,111702,110787],{"class":137},[66,111704,111420],{"class":76},[66,111706,111510],{"class":137},[66,111708,163],{"class":80},[66,111710,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,111712,155],{"class":154},[66,111714,158],{"class":80},[66,111716,912],{"class":173},[66,111718,158],{"class":80},[66,111720,100671],{"class":137},[66,111722,181],{"class":80},[66,111724,111725,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,111726,155],{"class":154},[66,111728,158],{"class":80},[66,111730,912],{"class":173},[66,111732,158],{"class":80},[66,111734,100680],{"class":137},[66,111736,181],{"class":80},[52,111738,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,111740,12986,111742,102825],{"id":111741},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111743,110591],{},[20,111745,102828],{},[1430,111747,5475,111749,4688,111751,2151],{"id":111748},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111750,110591],{},[15,111752,100500],{},[20,111754,111755,111757,111758,111760],{},[15,111756,100500],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111759,110591],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1430,111762,28393,111764,111766],{"id":111763},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111765,110591],{}," with lists?",[20,111768,111769],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111771,281],{},[57,111773,111775],{"className":59,"code":111774,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111776,111777,111797,111817,111821,111848],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111778,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789,111791,111793,111795],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111780,80741],{"class":72},[66,111782,77],{"class":76},[66,111784,1711],{"class":80},[66,111786,1714],{"class":117},[66,111788,105],{"class":80},[66,111790,1719],{"class":117},[66,111792,105],{"class":80},[66,111794,1724],{"class":117},[66,111796,240],{"class":80},[66,111798,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,111800,80762],{"class":72},[66,111802,77],{"class":76},[66,111804,1711],{"class":80},[66,111806,2360],{"class":117},[66,111808,105],{"class":80},[66,111810,2755],{"class":117},[66,111812,105],{"class":80},[66,111814,1231],{"class":117},[66,111816,240],{"class":80},[66,111818,111819],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,111820,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,111822,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111834,111836,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,111824,877],{"class":72},[66,111826,77],{"class":76},[66,111828,15907],{"class":173},[66,111830,158],{"class":80},[66,111832,111833],{"class":137},"list1",[66,111835,8924],{"class":80},[66,111837,110681],{"class":137},[66,111839,158],{"class":80},[66,111841,6580],{"class":173},[66,111843,158],{"class":80},[66,111845,81028],{"class":137},[66,111847,181],{"class":80},[66,111849,111850,111852,111854,111856],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,111851,155],{"class":154},[66,111853,158],{"class":80},[66,111855,901],{"class":137},[66,111857,163],{"class":80},[20,111859,187],{},[57,111861,111862],{"className":59,"code":110862,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,111863,111864],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,111865,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880,111882],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,111867,9569],{"class":80},[66,111869,1714],{"class":117},[66,111871,105],{"class":80},[66,111873,1719],{"class":117},[66,111875,105],{"class":80},[66,111877,2755],{"class":117},[66,111879,105],{"class":80},[66,111881,1231],{"class":117},[66,111883,121],{"class":80},[1430,111885,111887],{"id":111886},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111889,111890],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[52,111892,2183],{"id":2182},[30,111894,111895,111899,111904,111910,111916],{},[33,111896,111897],{},[652,111898,96414],{"href":96413},[33,111900,111901],{},[652,111902,111903],{"href":96417},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111905,111906],{},[652,111907,96900,111908,978],{"href":102926},[15,111909,100500],{},[33,111911,111912],{},[652,111913,96900,111914,978],{"href":107816},[15,111915,102885],{},[33,111917,111918],{},[652,111919,100430],{"href":105429},[20,111921,111922,111923,2487,111925,17341,111927,111929],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111924,100500],{},[15,111926,102885],{},[15,111928,110591],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2222,111931,57322],{},{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":111933},[111934,111935,111937,111938,111939,111940,111942,111944,111946,111947,111956],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":110706,"depth":124,"text":111936},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":110887,"depth":124,"text":110888},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":111135,"depth":124,"text":111941},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111277,"depth":124,"text":111943},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111417,"depth":124,"text":111945},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":111948},[111949,111951,111953,111955],{"id":111741,"depth":144,"text":111950},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111748,"depth":144,"text":111952},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111763,"depth":144,"text":111954},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111886,"depth":144,"text":111887},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110583,"description":111957},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111964,"title":111965,"body":111966,"description":114029,"extension":2260,"meta":114030,"navigation":147,"path":107816,"seo":114031,"stem":114032,"__hash__":114033},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111967,"toc":113988},[111968,111973,111978,111981,111994,111996,112078,112083,112088,112092,112104,112107,112111,112113,112140,112142,112153,112156,112225,112227,112233,112236,112246,112248,112337,112342,112344,112351,112354,112356,112359,112479,112481,112550,112553,112570,112575,112578,112694,112696,112725,112728,112734,112739,112743,112824,112826,112854,112859,112863,112958,112960,113001,113005,113008,113075,113077,113118,113124,113139,113146,113153,113157,113163,113249,113253,113261,113332,113337,113344,113346,113352,113354,113419,113421,113437,113442,113445,113514,113518,113521,113580,113583,113587,113640,113653,113656,113709,113713,113715,113746,113749,113754,113807,113811,113814,113835,113847,113849,113902,113904,113909,113911,113917,113920,113926,113931,113935,113938,113946,113955,113957,113985],[10,111969,3870,111971,18],{"id":111970},"python-setunion-method",[15,111972,108129],{},[20,111974,111975,111977],{},[15,111976,108129],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111979,111980],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111982,111983,111986,111991],{},[33,111984,111985],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111987,2853,111988,111990],{},[185,111989,100855],{}," as the result",[33,111992,111993],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[52,111995,55],{"id":54},[57,111997,111999],{"className":59,"code":111998,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112000,112001,112021,112041,112045,112063,112073],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112002,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112004,110787],{"class":72},[66,112006,77],{"class":76},[66,112008,81],{"class":80},[66,112010,1714],{"class":117},[66,112012,105],{"class":80},[66,112014,1719],{"class":117},[66,112016,105],{"class":80},[66,112018,1724],{"class":117},[66,112020,121],{"class":80},[66,112022,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,112024,110808],{"class":72},[66,112026,77],{"class":76},[66,112028,81],{"class":80},[66,112030,2360],{"class":117},[66,112032,105],{"class":80},[66,112034,2755],{"class":117},[66,112036,105],{"class":80},[66,112038,1231],{"class":117},[66,112040,121],{"class":80},[66,112042,112043],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,112044,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112046,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,112048,877],{"class":72},[66,112050,77],{"class":76},[66,112052,110837],{"class":72},[66,112054,50],{"class":80},[66,112056,111355],{"class":137},[66,112058,158],{"class":80},[66,112060,100680],{"class":137},[66,112062,163],{"class":80},[66,112064,112065,112067,112069,112071],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,112066,155],{"class":154},[66,112068,158],{"class":80},[66,112070,901],{"class":137},[66,112072,163],{"class":80},[66,112074,112075],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,112076,112077],{"class":1945},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112079,112080,112082],{},[15,112081,102885],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[52,112084,250,112086,253],{"id":112085},"what-setunion-does",[15,112087,108129],{},[20,112089,112090,94],{},[15,112091,108129],{},[30,112093,112094,112097,112100,112102],{},[33,112095,112096],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,112098,112099],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,112101,110717],{},[33,112103,110726],{},[20,112105,112106],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112108,96410,112109,50],{},[652,112110,96414],{"href":97585},[52,112112,2455],{"id":2454},[57,112114,112116],{"className":59,"code":112115,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112117,112118],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112119,112120,112122,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112121,100671],{"class":72},[66,112123,50],{"class":80},[66,112125,111355],{"class":137},[66,112127,158],{"class":80},[66,112129,100680],{"class":137},[66,112131,105],{"class":80},[66,112133,100707],{"class":137},[66,112135,105],{"class":80},[66,112137,34522],{"class":154},[66,112139,163],{"class":80},[20,112141,13332],{},[30,112143,112144,112147,112150],{},[33,112145,112146],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,112148,112149],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,112151,112152],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112154,112155],{},"Example with two sets:",[57,112157,112159],{"className":59,"code":112158,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112160,112161,112177,112193,112197,112215],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112162,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112164,2853],{"class":72},[66,112166,77],{"class":76},[66,112168,81],{"class":80},[66,112170,1714],{"class":117},[66,112172,105],{"class":80},[66,112174,1719],{"class":117},[66,112176,121],{"class":80},[66,112178,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,112180,2881],{"class":72},[66,112182,77],{"class":76},[66,112184,81],{"class":80},[66,112186,2354],{"class":117},[66,112188,105],{"class":80},[66,112190,1724],{"class":117},[66,112192,121],{"class":80},[66,112194,112195],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,112196,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112198,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,112200,877],{"class":72},[66,112202,77],{"class":76},[66,112204,56968],{"class":72},[66,112206,50],{"class":80},[66,112208,111355],{"class":137},[66,112210,158],{"class":80},[66,112212,1903],{"class":137},[66,112214,163],{"class":80},[66,112216,112217,112219,112221,112223],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,112218,155],{"class":154},[66,112220,158],{"class":80},[66,112222,901],{"class":137},[66,112224,163],{"class":80},[52,112226,22226],{"id":22225},[20,112228,112229,100852,112231,50],{},[15,112230,108129],{},[185,112232,100855],{},[20,112234,112235],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,112237,112238,112241],{},[33,112239,112240],{},"the original set",[33,112242,112243,112244],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112245,102885],{},[20,112247,281],{},[57,112249,112251],{"className":59,"code":112250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112252,112253,112269,112285,112289,112307,112311,112324],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112254,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112256,2853],{"class":72},[66,112258,77],{"class":76},[66,112260,81],{"class":80},[66,112262,1714],{"class":117},[66,112264,105],{"class":80},[66,112266,1719],{"class":117},[66,112268,121],{"class":80},[66,112270,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,112272,2881],{"class":72},[66,112274,77],{"class":76},[66,112276,81],{"class":80},[66,112278,2354],{"class":117},[66,112280,105],{"class":80},[66,112282,1724],{"class":117},[66,112284,121],{"class":80},[66,112286,112287],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,112288,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112290,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,112292,877],{"class":72},[66,112294,77],{"class":76},[66,112296,56968],{"class":72},[66,112298,50],{"class":80},[66,112300,111355],{"class":137},[66,112302,158],{"class":80},[66,112304,1903],{"class":137},[66,112306,163],{"class":80},[66,112308,112309],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,112310,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112312,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,112314,155],{"class":154},[66,112316,158],{"class":80},[66,112318,901],{"class":137},[66,112320,3954],{"class":80},[66,112322,112323],{"class":1945},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[66,112325,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,112327,155],{"class":154},[66,112329,158],{"class":80},[66,112331,652],{"class":137},[66,112333,3954],{"class":80},[66,112335,112336],{"class":1945},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112338,2583,112339,112341],{},[15,112340,652],{}," did not change.",[20,112343,110959],{},[30,112345,112346,112348],{},[33,112347,110964],{},[33,112349,112350],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112352,112353],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[52,112355,11756],{"id":11755},[20,112357,112358],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[57,112360,112362],{"className":59,"code":112361,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112363,112364,112397,112430,112434,112454,112458,112468],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112365,112366,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112367,112368],{"class":72},"fruits1 ",[66,112370,77],{"class":76},[66,112372,81],{"class":80},[66,112374,85],{"class":84},[66,112376,4372],{"class":88},[66,112378,85],{"class":84},[66,112380,105],{"class":80},[66,112382,97],{"class":84},[66,112384,4381],{"class":88},[66,112386,85],{"class":84},[66,112388,105],{"class":80},[66,112390,97],{"class":84},[66,112392,33288],{"class":88},[66,112394,85],{"class":84},[66,112396,121],{"class":80},[66,112398,112399,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,112400,112401],{"class":72},"fruits2 ",[66,112403,77],{"class":76},[66,112405,81],{"class":80},[66,112407,85],{"class":84},[66,112409,4381],{"class":88},[66,112411,85],{"class":84},[66,112413,105],{"class":80},[66,112415,97],{"class":84},[66,112417,22787],{"class":88},[66,112419,85],{"class":84},[66,112421,105],{"class":80},[66,112423,97],{"class":84},[66,112425,33288],{"class":88},[66,112427,85],{"class":84},[66,112429,121],{"class":80},[66,112431,112432],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,112433,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112435,112436,112438,112440,112443,112445,112447,112449,112452],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,112437,877],{"class":72},[66,112439,77],{"class":76},[66,112441,112442],{"class":72}," fruits1",[66,112444,50],{"class":80},[66,112446,111355],{"class":137},[66,112448,158],{"class":80},[66,112450,112451],{"class":137},"fruits2",[66,112453,163],{"class":80},[66,112455,112456],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,112457,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112459,112460,112462,112464,112466],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,112461,155],{"class":154},[66,112463,158],{"class":80},[66,112465,901],{"class":137},[66,112467,163],{"class":80},[66,112469,112470,112472,112474,112477],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,112471,155],{"class":154},[66,112473,158],{"class":80},[66,112475,112476],{"class":137},"fruits1",[66,112478,163],{"class":80},[20,112480,30095],{},[57,112482,112484],{"className":59,"code":112483,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112485,112486,112522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112487,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112489,9569],{"class":80},[66,112491,202],{"class":84},[66,112493,4381],{"class":88},[66,112495,202],{"class":84},[66,112497,105],{"class":80},[66,112499,211],{"class":84},[66,112501,33288],{"class":88},[66,112503,202],{"class":84},[66,112505,105],{"class":80},[66,112507,211],{"class":84},[66,112509,4372],{"class":88},[66,112511,202],{"class":84},[66,112513,105],{"class":80},[66,112515,211],{"class":84},[66,112517,22787],{"class":88},[66,112519,202],{"class":84},[66,112521,121],{"class":80},[66,112523,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,112525,9569],{"class":80},[66,112527,202],{"class":84},[66,112529,4381],{"class":88},[66,112531,202],{"class":84},[66,112533,105],{"class":80},[66,112535,211],{"class":84},[66,112537,33288],{"class":88},[66,112539,202],{"class":84},[66,112541,105],{"class":80},[66,112543,211],{"class":84},[66,112545,4372],{"class":88},[66,112547,202],{"class":84},[66,112549,121],{"class":80},[20,112551,112552],{},"What this shows:",[30,112554,112555,112562,112565],{},[33,112556,112557,4688,112559,112561],{},[15,112558,65357],{},[15,112560,65784],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112563,112564],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112566,112567,112569],{},[15,112568,112476],{}," stays unchanged",[52,112571,1848,112573,101244],{"id":112572},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112574,102885],{},[20,112576,112577],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[57,112579,112581],{"className":59,"code":112580,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112582,112583,112599,112615,112632,112649,112653,112680,112684],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112584,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112586,110787],{"class":72},[66,112588,77],{"class":76},[66,112590,81],{"class":80},[66,112592,1714],{"class":117},[66,112594,105],{"class":80},[66,112596,1719],{"class":117},[66,112598,121],{"class":80},[66,112600,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,112602,110808],{"class":72},[66,112604,77],{"class":76},[66,112606,81],{"class":80},[66,112608,2354],{"class":117},[66,112610,105],{"class":80},[66,112612,1724],{"class":117},[66,112614,121],{"class":80},[66,112616,112617,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,112618,112619],{"class":72},"set3 ",[66,112621,77],{"class":76},[66,112623,81],{"class":80},[66,112625,2360],{"class":117},[66,112627,105],{"class":80},[66,112629,2755],{"class":117},[66,112631,121],{"class":80},[66,112633,112634,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,112635,112636],{"class":72},"set4 ",[66,112638,77],{"class":76},[66,112640,81],{"class":80},[66,112642,2803],{"class":117},[66,112644,105],{"class":80},[66,112646,1231],{"class":117},[66,112648,121],{"class":80},[66,112650,112651],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,112652,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112654,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112678],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,112656,877],{"class":72},[66,112658,77],{"class":76},[66,112660,110837],{"class":72},[66,112662,50],{"class":80},[66,112664,111355],{"class":137},[66,112666,158],{"class":80},[66,112668,100680],{"class":137},[66,112670,105],{"class":80},[66,112672,100707],{"class":137},[66,112674,105],{"class":80},[66,112676,112677],{"class":137}," set4",[66,112679,163],{"class":80},[66,112681,112682],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,112683,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112685,112686,112688,112690,112692],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,112687,155],{"class":154},[66,112689,158],{"class":80},[66,112691,901],{"class":137},[66,112693,163],{"class":80},[20,112695,30095],{},[57,112697,112699],{"className":59,"code":112698,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112700,112701],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112702,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112704,9569],{"class":80},[66,112706,1714],{"class":117},[66,112708,105],{"class":80},[66,112710,1719],{"class":117},[66,112712,105],{"class":80},[66,112714,1724],{"class":117},[66,112716,105],{"class":80},[66,112718,2755],{"class":117},[66,112720,105],{"class":80},[66,112722,1231],{"class":117},[66,112724,121],{"class":80},[20,112726,112727],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[52,112729,1848,112731,112733],{"id":112730},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112732,102885],{}," with other iterables",[20,112735,112736,112738],{},[15,112737,102885],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1430,112740,112742],{"id":112741},"with-a-list","With a list",[57,112744,112746],{"className":59,"code":112745,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112747,112748,112768,112792,112796,112814],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112749,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112751,1706],{"class":72},[66,112753,77],{"class":76},[66,112755,81],{"class":80},[66,112757,1714],{"class":117},[66,112759,105],{"class":80},[66,112761,1719],{"class":117},[66,112763,105],{"class":80},[66,112765,1724],{"class":117},[66,112767,121],{"class":80},[66,112769,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,112771,61129],{"class":72},[66,112773,77],{"class":76},[66,112775,1711],{"class":80},[66,112777,2360],{"class":117},[66,112779,105],{"class":80},[66,112781,2755],{"class":117},[66,112783,105],{"class":80},[66,112785,1231],{"class":117},[66,112787,105],{"class":80},[66,112789,1231],{"class":117},[66,112791,240],{"class":80},[66,112793,112794],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,112795,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112797,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,112799,877],{"class":72},[66,112801,77],{"class":76},[66,112803,4557],{"class":72},[66,112805,50],{"class":80},[66,112807,111355],{"class":137},[66,112809,158],{"class":80},[66,112811,61158],{"class":137},[66,112813,163],{"class":80},[66,112815,112816,112818,112820,112822],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,112817,155],{"class":154},[66,112819,158],{"class":80},[66,112821,901],{"class":137},[66,112823,163],{"class":80},[20,112825,30095],{},[57,112827,112828],{"className":59,"code":112698,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,112829,112830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112831,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112833,9569],{"class":80},[66,112835,1714],{"class":117},[66,112837,105],{"class":80},[66,112839,1719],{"class":117},[66,112841,105],{"class":80},[66,112843,1724],{"class":117},[66,112845,105],{"class":80},[66,112847,2755],{"class":117},[66,112849,105],{"class":80},[66,112851,1231],{"class":117},[66,112853,121],{"class":80},[20,112855,21237,112856,112858],{},[15,112857,2433],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1430,112860,112862],{"id":112861},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[57,112864,112866],{"className":59,"code":112865,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112867,112868,112892,112925,112929,112948],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112869,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112871,36161],{"class":72},[66,112873,77],{"class":76},[66,112875,81],{"class":80},[66,112877,85],{"class":84},[66,112879,652],{"class":88},[66,112881,85],{"class":84},[66,112883,105],{"class":80},[66,112885,97],{"class":84},[66,112887,1903],{"class":88},[66,112889,85],{"class":84},[66,112891,121],{"class":80},[66,112893,112894,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,112895,112896],{"class":72},"more_letters ",[66,112898,77],{"class":76},[66,112900,9527],{"class":80},[66,112902,85],{"class":84},[66,112904,1903],{"class":88},[66,112906,85],{"class":84},[66,112908,105],{"class":80},[66,112910,97],{"class":84},[66,112912,10027],{"class":88},[66,112914,85],{"class":84},[66,112916,105],{"class":80},[66,112918,97],{"class":84},[66,112920,19027],{"class":88},[66,112922,85],{"class":84},[66,112924,163],{"class":80},[66,112926,112927],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,112928,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,112930,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112946],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,112932,877],{"class":72},[66,112934,77],{"class":76},[66,112936,70179],{"class":72},[66,112938,50],{"class":80},[66,112940,111355],{"class":137},[66,112942,158],{"class":80},[66,112944,112945],{"class":137},"more_letters",[66,112947,163],{"class":80},[66,112949,112950,112952,112954,112956],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,112951,155],{"class":154},[66,112953,158],{"class":80},[66,112955,901],{"class":137},[66,112957,163],{"class":80},[20,112959,30095],{},[57,112961,112963],{"className":59,"code":112962,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112964,112965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,112966,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,112968,9569],{"class":80},[66,112970,202],{"class":84},[66,112972,652],{"class":88},[66,112974,202],{"class":84},[66,112976,105],{"class":80},[66,112978,211],{"class":84},[66,112980,1903],{"class":88},[66,112982,202],{"class":84},[66,112984,105],{"class":80},[66,112986,211],{"class":84},[66,112988,10027],{"class":88},[66,112990,202],{"class":84},[66,112992,105],{"class":80},[66,112994,211],{"class":84},[66,112996,19027],{"class":88},[66,112998,202],{"class":84},[66,113000,121],{"class":80},[1430,113002,113004],{"id":113003},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113006,113007],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[57,113009,113011],{"className":59,"code":113010,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113012,113013,113038,113061,113065],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113014,113015,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113016,113017],{"class":72},"chars ",[66,113019,77],{"class":76},[66,113021,81],{"class":80},[66,113023,85],{"class":84},[66,113025,652],{"class":88},[66,113027,85],{"class":84},[66,113029,105],{"class":80},[66,113031,97],{"class":84},[66,113033,1903],{"class":88},[66,113035,85],{"class":84},[66,113037,121],{"class":80},[66,113039,113040,113042,113044,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113041,877],{"class":72},[66,113043,77],{"class":76},[66,113045,113046],{"class":72}," chars",[66,113048,50],{"class":80},[66,113050,111355],{"class":137},[66,113052,158],{"class":80},[66,113054,85],{"class":84},[66,113056,37119],{"class":88},[66,113058,85],{"class":84},[66,113060,163],{"class":80},[66,113062,113063],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113064,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,113066,113067,113069,113071,113073],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,113068,155],{"class":154},[66,113070,158],{"class":80},[66,113072,901],{"class":137},[66,113074,163],{"class":80},[20,113076,30095],{},[57,113078,113080],{"className":59,"code":113079,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113081,113082],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113083,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113085,9569],{"class":80},[66,113087,202],{"class":84},[66,113089,652],{"class":88},[66,113091,202],{"class":84},[66,113093,105],{"class":80},[66,113095,211],{"class":84},[66,113097,1903],{"class":88},[66,113099,202],{"class":84},[66,113101,105],{"class":80},[66,113103,211],{"class":84},[66,113105,10027],{"class":88},[66,113107,202],{"class":84},[66,113109,105],{"class":80},[66,113111,211],{"class":84},[66,113113,63369],{"class":88},[66,113115,202],{"class":84},[66,113117,121],{"class":80},[20,113119,22444,113120,113123],{},[15,113121,113122],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,113125,113126,113130,113134],{},[33,113127,113128],{},[15,113129,66564],{},[33,113131,113132],{},[15,113133,18357],{},[33,113135,113136],{},[15,113137,113138],{},"\"t\"",[52,113140,113142,10871,113144],{"id":113141},"union-vs-update",[15,113143,102885],{},[15,113145,15228],{},[20,113147,113148,4688,113150,113152],{},[15,113149,102885],{},[15,113151,15228],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1430,113154,113155],{"id":111355},[15,113156,102885],{},[30,113158,113159,113161],{},[33,113160,110717],{},[33,113162,110726],{},[57,113164,113165],{"className":59,"code":112250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,113166,113167,113183,113199,113203,113221,113225,113237],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113168,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113170,2853],{"class":72},[66,113172,77],{"class":76},[66,113174,81],{"class":80},[66,113176,1714],{"class":117},[66,113178,105],{"class":80},[66,113180,1719],{"class":117},[66,113182,121],{"class":80},[66,113184,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113186,2881],{"class":72},[66,113188,77],{"class":76},[66,113190,81],{"class":80},[66,113192,2354],{"class":117},[66,113194,105],{"class":80},[66,113196,1724],{"class":117},[66,113198,121],{"class":80},[66,113200,113201],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113202,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,113204,113205,113207,113209,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,113206,877],{"class":72},[66,113208,77],{"class":76},[66,113210,56968],{"class":72},[66,113212,50],{"class":80},[66,113214,111355],{"class":137},[66,113216,158],{"class":80},[66,113218,1903],{"class":137},[66,113220,163],{"class":80},[66,113222,113223],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,113224,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,113226,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,113228,155],{"class":154},[66,113230,158],{"class":80},[66,113232,901],{"class":137},[66,113234,3954],{"class":80},[66,113236,112323],{"class":1945},[66,113238,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,113240,155],{"class":154},[66,113242,158],{"class":80},[66,113244,652],{"class":137},[66,113246,3954],{"class":80},[66,113248,112336],{"class":1945},[1430,113250,113251],{"id":30530},[15,113252,15228],{},[30,113254,113255,113258],{},[33,113256,113257],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,113259,113260],{},"does not create a separate result set",[57,113262,113264],{"className":59,"code":113263,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113265,113266,113282,113298,113302,113316,113320],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113267,113268,113270,113272,113274,113276,113278,113280],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113269,2853],{"class":72},[66,113271,77],{"class":76},[66,113273,81],{"class":80},[66,113275,1714],{"class":117},[66,113277,105],{"class":80},[66,113279,1719],{"class":117},[66,113281,121],{"class":80},[66,113283,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113285,2881],{"class":72},[66,113287,77],{"class":76},[66,113289,81],{"class":80},[66,113291,2354],{"class":117},[66,113293,105],{"class":80},[66,113295,1724],{"class":117},[66,113297,121],{"class":80},[66,113299,113300],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113301,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,113303,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,113305,652],{"class":72},[66,113307,50],{"class":80},[66,113309,30530],{"class":137},[66,113311,158],{"class":80},[66,113313,1903],{"class":137},[66,113315,163],{"class":80},[66,113317,113318],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,113319,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,113321,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,113323,155],{"class":154},[66,113325,158],{"class":80},[66,113327,652],{"class":137},[66,113329,3954],{"class":80},[66,113331,112323],{"class":1945},[20,113333,243,113334,113336],{},[15,113335,102885],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113338,113339,113340,50],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[652,113341,3870,113342,978],{"href":98605},[15,113343,97400],{},[52,113345,4814],{"id":4813},[1430,113347,1433,113349,113351],{"id":113348},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113350,102885],{}," to change the original set",[20,113353,81910],{},[57,113355,113357],{"className":59,"code":113356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113358,113359,113375,113391,113395,113409],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113360,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113362,2853],{"class":72},[66,113364,77],{"class":76},[66,113366,81],{"class":80},[66,113368,1714],{"class":117},[66,113370,105],{"class":80},[66,113372,1719],{"class":117},[66,113374,121],{"class":80},[66,113376,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113378,2881],{"class":72},[66,113380,77],{"class":76},[66,113382,81],{"class":80},[66,113384,2354],{"class":117},[66,113386,105],{"class":80},[66,113388,1724],{"class":117},[66,113390,121],{"class":80},[66,113392,113393],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113394,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,113396,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,113398,652],{"class":72},[66,113400,50],{"class":80},[66,113402,111355],{"class":137},[66,113404,158],{"class":80},[66,113406,1903],{"class":137},[66,113408,163],{"class":80},[66,113410,113411,113413,113415,113417],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,113412,155],{"class":154},[66,113414,158],{"class":80},[66,113416,652],{"class":137},[66,113418,163],{"class":80},[20,113420,187],{},[57,113422,113423],{"className":59,"code":100593,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,113424,113425],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113426,113427,113429,113431,113433,113435],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113428,9569],{"class":80},[66,113430,1714],{"class":117},[66,113432,105],{"class":80},[66,113434,1719],{"class":117},[66,113436,121],{"class":80},[20,113438,8788,113439,113441],{},[15,113440,102885],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113443,113444],{},"Fix it like this:",[57,113446,113448],{"className":59,"code":113447,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113449,113450,113466,113482,113486,113504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113451,113452,113454,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113453,2853],{"class":72},[66,113455,77],{"class":76},[66,113457,81],{"class":80},[66,113459,1714],{"class":117},[66,113461,105],{"class":80},[66,113463,1719],{"class":117},[66,113465,121],{"class":80},[66,113467,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113469,2881],{"class":72},[66,113471,77],{"class":76},[66,113473,81],{"class":80},[66,113475,2354],{"class":117},[66,113477,105],{"class":80},[66,113479,1724],{"class":117},[66,113481,121],{"class":80},[66,113483,113484],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113485,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,113487,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,113489,2853],{"class":72},[66,113491,77],{"class":76},[66,113493,56968],{"class":72},[66,113495,50],{"class":80},[66,113497,111355],{"class":137},[66,113499,158],{"class":80},[66,113501,1903],{"class":137},[66,113503,163],{"class":80},[66,113505,113506,113508,113510,113512],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,113507,155],{"class":154},[66,113509,158],{"class":80},[66,113511,652],{"class":137},[66,113513,163],{"class":80},[1430,113515,113517],{"id":113516},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113519,113520],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[57,113522,113524],{"className":59,"code":113523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113525,113526,113542,113558,113562],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113527,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113529,2853],{"class":72},[66,113531,77],{"class":76},[66,113533,81],{"class":80},[66,113535,2360],{"class":117},[66,113537,105],{"class":80},[66,113539,1896],{"class":117},[66,113541,121],{"class":80},[66,113543,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552,113554,113556],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113545,2881],{"class":72},[66,113547,77],{"class":76},[66,113549,81],{"class":80},[66,113551,2354],{"class":117},[66,113553,105],{"class":80},[66,113555,2755],{"class":117},[66,113557,121],{"class":80},[66,113559,113560],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113561,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,113563,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,113565,155],{"class":154},[66,113567,158],{"class":80},[66,113569,652],{"class":137},[66,113571,50],{"class":80},[66,113573,111355],{"class":137},[66,113575,158],{"class":80},[66,113577,1903],{"class":137},[66,113579,181],{"class":80},[20,113581,113582],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1430,113584,113586],{"id":113585},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[57,113588,113590],{"className":59,"code":113589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113591,113592,113608,113630],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113593,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113595,4363],{"class":72},[66,113597,77],{"class":76},[66,113599,81],{"class":80},[66,113601,85],{"class":84},[66,113603,58208],{"class":88},[66,113605,85],{"class":84},[66,113607,121],{"class":80},[66,113609,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113611,877],{"class":72},[66,113613,77],{"class":76},[66,113615,6461],{"class":72},[66,113617,50],{"class":80},[66,113619,111355],{"class":137},[66,113621,158],{"class":80},[66,113623,85],{"class":84},[66,113625,37119],{"class":88},[66,113627,85],{"class":84},[66,113629,163],{"class":80},[66,113631,113632,113634,113636,113638],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113633,155],{"class":154},[66,113635,158],{"class":80},[66,113637,901],{"class":137},[66,113639,163],{"class":80},[20,113641,113642,113643,2487,113645,17341,113647,113649,113650,113652],{},"This adds ",[15,113644,66564],{},[15,113646,18357],{},[15,113648,113138],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113651,113122],{}," as one item.",[20,113654,113655],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[57,113657,113659],{"className":59,"code":113658,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113660,113661,113677,113699],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113662,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113664,4363],{"class":72},[66,113666,77],{"class":76},[66,113668,81],{"class":80},[66,113670,85],{"class":84},[66,113672,58208],{"class":88},[66,113674,85],{"class":84},[66,113676,121],{"class":80},[66,113678,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113680,877],{"class":72},[66,113682,77],{"class":76},[66,113684,6461],{"class":72},[66,113686,50],{"class":80},[66,113688,111355],{"class":137},[66,113690,199],{"class":80},[66,113692,85],{"class":84},[66,113694,37119],{"class":88},[66,113696,85],{"class":84},[66,113698,218],{"class":80},[66,113700,113701,113703,113705,113707],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113702,155],{"class":154},[66,113704,158],{"class":80},[66,113706,901],{"class":137},[66,113708,163],{"class":80},[1430,113710,113712],{"id":113711},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113714,1696],{},[57,113716,113718],{"className":59,"code":113717,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113719,113720],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113721,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113723,15902],{"class":72},[66,113725,77],{"class":76},[66,113727,81],{"class":80},[66,113729,1714],{"class":117},[66,113731,105],{"class":80},[66,113733,1719],{"class":117},[66,113735,105],{"class":80},[66,113737,1711],{"class":80},[66,113739,2360],{"class":117},[66,113741,105],{"class":80},[66,113743,2755],{"class":117},[66,113745,13982],{"class":80},[20,113747,113748],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113750,113751,113752,94],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113753,102885],{},[57,113755,113757],{"className":59,"code":113756,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113758,113759,113775,113797],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113760,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113762,15902],{"class":72},[66,113764,77],{"class":76},[66,113766,81],{"class":80},[66,113768,1714],{"class":117},[66,113770,105],{"class":80},[66,113772,1719],{"class":117},[66,113774,121],{"class":80},[66,113776,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113778,877],{"class":72},[66,113780,77],{"class":76},[66,113782,97010],{"class":72},[66,113784,50],{"class":80},[66,113786,111355],{"class":137},[66,113788,199],{"class":80},[66,113790,2360],{"class":117},[66,113792,105],{"class":80},[66,113794,2755],{"class":117},[66,113796,218],{"class":80},[66,113798,113799,113801,113803,113805],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113800,155],{"class":154},[66,113802,158],{"class":80},[66,113804,901],{"class":137},[66,113806,163],{"class":80},[52,113808,113810],{"id":113809},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113812,113813],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113815,113816,113822,113829,113832],{},[33,113817,113818,113819,113821],{},"call ",[15,113820,102885],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113823,113824,113825,8997,113827],{},"confuse ",[15,113826,102885],{},[15,113828,15228],{},[33,113830,113831],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113833,113834],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113836,113837,113838,4688,113842,50],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[652,113839,3870,113840,978],{"href":102874},[15,113841,106659],{},[652,113843,3870,113845,978],{"href":113844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113846,100505],{},[20,113848,62377],{},[57,113850,113852],{"className":59,"code":113851,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113853,113854,113864,113878,113888],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,113855,113856,113858,113860,113862],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,113857,155],{"class":154},[66,113859,158],{"class":80},[66,113861,15940],{"class":137},[66,113863,163],{"class":80},[66,113865,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,113867,155],{"class":154},[66,113869,158],{"class":80},[66,113871,912],{"class":173},[66,113873,158],{"class":80},[66,113875,15940],{"class":137},[66,113877,181],{"class":80},[66,113879,113880,113882,113884,113886],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,113881,155],{"class":154},[66,113883,158],{"class":80},[66,113885,901],{"class":137},[66,113887,163],{"class":80},[66,113889,113890,113892,113894,113896,113898,113900],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,113891,32219],{"class":154},[66,113893,158],{"class":80},[66,113895,6580],{"class":173},[66,113897,50],{"class":80},[66,113899,111355],{"class":784},[66,113901,163],{"class":80},[52,113903,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,113905,12986,113907,102825],{"id":113906},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113908,108129],{},[20,113910,102828],{},[1430,113912,5465,113914,113916],{"id":113913},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113915,102885],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113918,113919],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1430,113921,28393,113923,113925],{"id":113922},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113924,102885],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113927,42227,113928,113930],{},[15,113929,102885],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1430,113932,113934],{"id":113933},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113936,113937],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1430,113939,5475,113941,4688,113943,2151],{"id":113940},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113942,102885],{},[15,113944,113945],{},"|",[20,113947,113948,113949,113951,113952,113954],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113950,113945],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113953,102885],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[52,113956,2183],{"id":2182},[30,113958,113959,113963,113969,113975,113981],{},[33,113960,113961],{},[652,113962,96414],{"href":97585},[33,113964,113965],{},[652,113966,3870,113967,978],{"href":98605},[15,113968,97400],{},[33,113970,113971],{},[652,113972,3870,113973,978],{"href":102874},[15,113974,106659],{},[33,113976,113977],{},[652,113978,3870,113979,978],{"href":113844},[15,113980,100505],{},[33,113982,113983],{},[652,113984,100430],{"href":99163},[2222,113986,113987],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":113989},[113990,113991,113993,113994,113995,113996,113998,114004,114009,114016,114017,114028],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":112085,"depth":124,"text":113992},"What set.union() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":22225,"depth":124,"text":22226},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":112572,"depth":124,"text":113997},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112730,"depth":124,"text":113999,"children":114000},"Using union() with other iterables",[114001,114002,114003],{"id":112741,"depth":144,"text":112742},{"id":112861,"depth":144,"text":112862},{"id":113003,"depth":144,"text":113004},{"id":113141,"depth":124,"text":114005,"children":114006},"union() vs update()",[114007,114008],{"id":111355,"depth":144,"text":102885},{"id":30530,"depth":144,"text":15228},{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":114010},[114011,114013,114014,114015],{"id":113348,"depth":144,"text":114012},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113516,"depth":144,"text":113517},{"id":113585,"depth":144,"text":113586},{"id":113711,"depth":144,"text":113712},{"id":113809,"depth":124,"text":113810},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":114018},[114019,114021,114023,114025,114026],{"id":113906,"depth":144,"text":114020},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113913,"depth":144,"text":114022},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113922,"depth":144,"text":114024},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113933,"depth":144,"text":113934},{"id":113940,"depth":144,"text":114027},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111965,"description":114029},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114035,"title":114036,"body":114037,"description":115926,"extension":2260,"meta":115927,"navigation":147,"path":96899,"seo":115928,"stem":115929,"__hash__":115930},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114038,"toc":115892},[114039,114044,114049,114057,114059,114117,114122,114127,114131,114143,114146,114220,114225,114227,114229,114248,114250,114267,114270,114297,114299,114369,114373,114375,114381,114383,114444,114449,114451,114508,114512,114517,114582,114584,114604,114611,114615,114620,114705,114708,114715,114818,114822,114827,114885,114888,114899,114913,114920,114978,114985,114988,114998,115002,115060,115064,115130,115133,115191,115198,115205,115208,115212,115221,115290,115294,115300,115388,115398,115402,115406,115410,115413,115474,115479,115536,115540,115542,115577,115584,115586,115640,115647,115651,115654,115719,115728,115734,115791,115793,115798,115802,115806,115809,115816,115824,115828,115833,115837,115843,115845,115880,115889],[10,114040,96286,114042,18],{"id":114041},"python-set-update-method",[15,114043,15228],{},[20,114045,114046,114048],{},[15,114047,97400],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114050,114051,114052,114056],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[652,114053,114054],{"href":98586},[15,114055,96294],{},", which adds only one item.",[52,114058,3903],{"id":3902},[57,114060,114062],{"className":59,"code":114061,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114063,114064,114080,114102,114112],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114065,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114067,1706],{"class":72},[66,114069,77],{"class":76},[66,114071,81],{"class":80},[66,114073,1714],{"class":117},[66,114075,105],{"class":80},[66,114077,1719],{"class":117},[66,114079,121],{"class":80},[66,114081,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114083,1735],{"class":72},[66,114085,50],{"class":80},[66,114087,30530],{"class":137},[66,114089,199],{"class":80},[66,114091,2354],{"class":117},[66,114093,105],{"class":80},[66,114095,1724],{"class":117},[66,114097,105],{"class":80},[66,114099,2755],{"class":117},[66,114101,218],{"class":80},[66,114103,114104,114106,114108,114110],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114105,155],{"class":154},[66,114107,158],{"class":80},[66,114109,1735],{"class":137},[66,114111,163],{"class":80},[66,114113,114114],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114115,114116],{"class":1945},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114118,243,114119,114121],{},[15,114120,15228],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[52,114123,250,114125,253],{"id":114124},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114126,97400],{},[20,114128,114129,94],{},[15,114130,97400],{},[30,114132,114133,114136,114138,114141],{},[33,114134,114135],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,114137,96401],{},[33,114139,114140],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,114142,96404],{},[20,114144,114145],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[57,114147,114149],{"className":59,"code":114148,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114150,114151,114175,114201,114205,114215],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114152,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114154,13356],{"class":72},[66,114156,77],{"class":76},[66,114158,81],{"class":80},[66,114160,85],{"class":84},[66,114162,13373],{"class":88},[66,114164,85],{"class":84},[66,114166,105],{"class":80},[66,114168,97],{"class":84},[66,114170,13390],{"class":88},[66,114172,85],{"class":84},[66,114174,121],{"class":80},[66,114176,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114178,17763],{"class":72},[66,114180,50],{"class":80},[66,114182,30530],{"class":137},[66,114184,199],{"class":80},[66,114186,85],{"class":84},[66,114188,13390],{"class":88},[66,114190,85],{"class":84},[66,114192,105],{"class":80},[66,114194,97],{"class":84},[66,114196,17716],{"class":88},[66,114198,85],{"class":84},[66,114200,218],{"class":80},[66,114202,114203],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114204,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114206,114207,114209,114211,114213],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114208,155],{"class":154},[66,114210,158],{"class":80},[66,114212,17763],{"class":137},[66,114214,163],{"class":80},[66,114216,114217],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114218,114219],{"class":1945},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114221,21237,114222,114224],{},[15,114223,111120],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[52,114226,2455],{"id":2454},[20,114228,7511],{},[57,114230,114232],{"className":59,"code":114231,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114233,114234],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114235,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244,114246],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114237,15940],{"class":72},[66,114239,50],{"class":80},[66,114241,30530],{"class":137},[66,114243,158],{"class":80},[66,114245,4013],{"class":137},[66,114247,163],{"class":80},[20,114249,80286],{},[30,114251,114252,114255,114258,114261,114264],{},[33,114253,114254],{},"A list",[33,114256,114257],{},"A tuple",[33,114259,114260],{},"Another set",[33,114262,114263],{},"A string",[33,114265,114266],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114268,114269],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[57,114271,114273],{"className":59,"code":114272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114274,114275],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114276,114277,114279,114281,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114278,15940],{"class":72},[66,114280,50],{"class":80},[66,114282,30530],{"class":137},[66,114284,158],{"class":80},[66,114286,652],{"class":137},[66,114288,105],{"class":80},[66,114290,2858],{"class":137},[66,114292,105],{"class":80},[66,114294,9969],{"class":137},[66,114296,163],{"class":80},[20,114298,281],{},[57,114300,114302],{"className":59,"code":114301,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114303,114304,114316,114350,114354,114364],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114305,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114307,4116],{"class":72},[66,114309,77],{"class":76},[66,114311,81],{"class":80},[66,114313,1714],{"class":117},[66,114315,121],{"class":80},[66,114317,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114319,5655],{"class":72},[66,114321,50],{"class":80},[66,114323,30530],{"class":137},[66,114325,199],{"class":80},[66,114327,2354],{"class":117},[66,114329,105],{"class":80},[66,114331,1724],{"class":117},[66,114333,18323],{"class":80},[66,114335,9527],{"class":80},[66,114337,2803],{"class":117},[66,114339,105],{"class":80},[66,114341,1231],{"class":117},[66,114343,9524],{"class":80},[66,114345,81],{"class":80},[66,114347,80677],{"class":117},[66,114349,30562],{"class":80},[66,114351,114352],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114353,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114355,114356,114358,114360,114362],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114357,155],{"class":154},[66,114359,158],{"class":80},[66,114361,5655],{"class":137},[66,114363,163],{"class":80},[66,114365,114366],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114367,114368],{"class":1945},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114370,96410,114371,50],{},[652,114372,96418],{"href":97969},[52,114374,22226],{"id":22225},[20,114376,114377,2695,114379,50],{},[15,114378,97400],{},[15,114380,4071],{},[20,114382,11995],{},[57,114384,114386],{"className":59,"code":114385,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114387,114388,114404,114426,114430,114440],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114389,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114391,1706],{"class":72},[66,114393,77],{"class":76},[66,114395,81],{"class":80},[66,114397,1714],{"class":117},[66,114399,105],{"class":80},[66,114401,1719],{"class":117},[66,114403,121],{"class":80},[66,114405,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114407,877],{"class":72},[66,114409,77],{"class":76},[66,114411,4557],{"class":72},[66,114413,50],{"class":80},[66,114415,30530],{"class":137},[66,114417,199],{"class":80},[66,114419,2360],{"class":117},[66,114421,105],{"class":80},[66,114423,2755],{"class":117},[66,114425,218],{"class":80},[66,114427,114428],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114429,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114431,114432,114434,114436,114438],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114433,155],{"class":154},[66,114435,158],{"class":80},[66,114437,901],{"class":137},[66,114439,163],{"class":80},[66,114441,114442],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114443,61913],{"class":1945},[20,114445,114446,114447,50],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114448,901],{},[20,114450,19228],{},[57,114452,114454],{"className":59,"code":114453,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114455,114456,114472,114490,114494,114504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114457,114458,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114459,1706],{"class":72},[66,114461,77],{"class":76},[66,114463,81],{"class":80},[66,114465,1714],{"class":117},[66,114467,105],{"class":80},[66,114469,1719],{"class":117},[66,114471,121],{"class":80},[66,114473,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114475,1735],{"class":72},[66,114477,50],{"class":80},[66,114479,30530],{"class":137},[66,114481,199],{"class":80},[66,114483,2360],{"class":117},[66,114485,105],{"class":80},[66,114487,2755],{"class":117},[66,114489,218],{"class":80},[66,114491,114492],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114493,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114495,114496,114498,114500,114502],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114497,155],{"class":154},[66,114499,158],{"class":80},[66,114501,1735],{"class":137},[66,114503,163],{"class":80},[66,114505,114506],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114507,114116],{"class":1945},[52,114509,114511],{"id":114510},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114513,114514,114515,50],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114516,15228],{},[57,114518,114520],{"className":59,"code":114519,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114521,114522,114538,114564,114568,114578],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114523,114524,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114525,1706],{"class":72},[66,114527,77],{"class":76},[66,114529,81],{"class":80},[66,114531,1714],{"class":117},[66,114533,105],{"class":80},[66,114535,1719],{"class":117},[66,114537,121],{"class":80},[66,114539,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114541,1735],{"class":72},[66,114543,50],{"class":80},[66,114545,30530],{"class":137},[66,114547,199],{"class":80},[66,114549,2354],{"class":117},[66,114551,105],{"class":80},[66,114553,1724],{"class":117},[66,114555,105],{"class":80},[66,114557,2755],{"class":117},[66,114559,105],{"class":80},[66,114561,2755],{"class":117},[66,114563,218],{"class":80},[66,114565,114566],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114567,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114569,114570,114572,114574,114576],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114571,155],{"class":154},[66,114573,158],{"class":80},[66,114575,1735],{"class":137},[66,114577,163],{"class":80},[66,114579,114580],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114581,114116],{"class":1945},[20,114583,11965],{},[30,114585,114586,114591,114598],{},[33,114587,114588,114590],{},[15,114589,2354],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114592,114593,4688,114595,114597],{},[15,114594,2360],{},[15,114596,2803],{}," are added",[33,114599,114600,114601,114603],{},"The second ",[15,114602,2803],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114605,114606,114607,114610],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[652,114608,114609],{"href":99163},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[52,114612,114614],{"id":114613},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114616,8056,114617,114619],{},[15,114618,15228],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[57,114621,114623],{"className":59,"code":114622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114624,114625,114646,114667,114671,114687,114691,114701],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114626,114627,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638,114640,114642,114644],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114628,114629],{"class":72},"set_a ",[66,114631,77],{"class":76},[66,114633,81],{"class":80},[66,114635,1714],{"class":117},[66,114637,105],{"class":80},[66,114639,1719],{"class":117},[66,114641,105],{"class":80},[66,114643,1724],{"class":117},[66,114645,121],{"class":80},[66,114647,114648,114651,114653,114655,114657,114659,114661,114663,114665],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114649,114650],{"class":72},"set_b ",[66,114652,77],{"class":76},[66,114654,81],{"class":80},[66,114656,2360],{"class":117},[66,114658,105],{"class":80},[66,114660,2755],{"class":117},[66,114662,105],{"class":80},[66,114664,1231],{"class":117},[66,114666,121],{"class":80},[66,114668,114669],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114670,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114672,114673,114676,114678,114680,114682,114685],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114674,114675],{"class":72},"set_a",[66,114677,50],{"class":80},[66,114679,30530],{"class":137},[66,114681,158],{"class":80},[66,114683,114684],{"class":137},"set_b",[66,114686,163],{"class":80},[66,114688,114689],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114690,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114692,114693,114695,114697,114699],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,114694,155],{"class":154},[66,114696,158],{"class":80},[66,114698,114675],{"class":137},[66,114700,163],{"class":80},[66,114702,114703],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,114704,112077],{"class":1945},[20,114706,114707],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114709,114710,114711,50],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[652,114712,114713],{"href":102882},[15,114714,108129],{},[57,114716,114718],{"className":59,"code":114717,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114719,114720,114740,114760,114764,114784,114788,114799,114803,114813],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114721,114722,114724,114726,114728,114730,114732,114734,114736,114738],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114723,114629],{"class":72},[66,114725,77],{"class":76},[66,114727,81],{"class":80},[66,114729,1714],{"class":117},[66,114731,105],{"class":80},[66,114733,1719],{"class":117},[66,114735,105],{"class":80},[66,114737,1724],{"class":117},[66,114739,121],{"class":80},[66,114741,114742,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114743,114650],{"class":72},[66,114745,77],{"class":76},[66,114747,81],{"class":80},[66,114749,2360],{"class":117},[66,114751,105],{"class":80},[66,114753,2755],{"class":117},[66,114755,105],{"class":80},[66,114757,1231],{"class":117},[66,114759,121],{"class":80},[66,114761,114762],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114763,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114765,114766,114769,114771,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114767,114768],{"class":72},"combined ",[66,114770,77],{"class":76},[66,114772,114773],{"class":72}," set_a",[66,114775,50],{"class":80},[66,114777,111355],{"class":137},[66,114779,158],{"class":80},[66,114781,114684],{"class":137},[66,114783,163],{"class":80},[66,114785,114786],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114787,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114789,114790,114792,114794,114797],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,114791,155],{"class":154},[66,114793,158],{"class":80},[66,114795,114796],{"class":137},"combined",[66,114798,163],{"class":80},[66,114800,114801],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,114802,112077],{"class":1945},[66,114804,114805,114807,114809,114811],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,114806,155],{"class":154},[66,114808,158],{"class":80},[66,114810,114675],{"class":137},[66,114812,163],{"class":80},[66,114814,114815],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,114816,114817],{"class":1945},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,114819,114821],{"id":114820},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114823,64822,114824,114826],{},[15,114825,15228],{}," adds each character separately.",[57,114828,114830],{"className":59,"code":114829,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114831,114832,114848,114866,114870,114880],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114833,114834,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114835,36161],{"class":72},[66,114837,77],{"class":76},[66,114839,81],{"class":80},[66,114841,85],{"class":84},[66,114843,2471],{"class":88},[66,114845,85],{"class":84},[66,114847,121],{"class":80},[66,114849,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860,114862,114864],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114851,36214],{"class":72},[66,114853,50],{"class":80},[66,114855,30530],{"class":137},[66,114857,158],{"class":80},[66,114859,85],{"class":84},[66,114861,37119],{"class":88},[66,114863,85],{"class":84},[66,114865,163],{"class":80},[66,114867,114868],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114869,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114871,114872,114874,114876,114878],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114873,155],{"class":154},[66,114875,158],{"class":80},[66,114877,36214],{"class":137},[66,114879,163],{"class":80},[66,114881,114882],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114883,114884],{"class":1945},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114886,114887],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114889,114890,14330,114893,114895,114896,114898],{},[15,114891,114892],{},"update(\"cat\")",[185,114894,4926],{}," add ",[15,114897,113122],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114900,114901,114905,114909],{},[33,114902,114903],{},[15,114904,66564],{},[33,114906,114907],{},[15,114908,18357],{},[33,114910,114911],{},[15,114912,113138],{},[20,114914,114915,114916,94],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[652,114917,114918],{"href":98586},[15,114919,96294],{},[57,114921,114923],{"className":59,"code":114922,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114924,114925,114941,114959,114963,114973],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,114926,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,114928,4363],{"class":72},[66,114930,77],{"class":76},[66,114932,81],{"class":80},[66,114934,85],{"class":84},[66,114936,58208],{"class":88},[66,114938,85],{"class":84},[66,114940,121],{"class":80},[66,114942,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,114944,4407],{"class":72},[66,114946,50],{"class":80},[66,114948,82189],{"class":137},[66,114950,158],{"class":80},[66,114952,85],{"class":84},[66,114954,37119],{"class":88},[66,114956,85],{"class":84},[66,114958,163],{"class":80},[66,114960,114961],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,114962,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,114964,114965,114967,114969,114971],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,114966,155],{"class":154},[66,114968,158],{"class":80},[66,114970,4407],{"class":137},[66,114972,163],{"class":80},[66,114974,114975],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,114976,114977],{"class":1945},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[52,114979,114981,10871,114983],{"id":114980},"update-vs-add",[15,114982,15228],{},[15,114984,96289],{},[20,114986,114987],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114989,114990,114994],{},[33,114991,114992,96888],{},[15,114993,96289],{},[33,114995,114996,96893],{},[15,114997,15228],{},[20,114999,46117,115000,94],{},[15,115001,96289],{},[57,115003,115005],{"className":59,"code":115004,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115006,115007,115023,115041,115045,115055],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115008,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115010,36310],{"class":72},[66,115012,77],{"class":76},[66,115014,81],{"class":80},[66,115016,85],{"class":84},[66,115018,4372],{"class":88},[66,115020,85],{"class":84},[66,115022,121],{"class":80},[66,115024,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115026,36362],{"class":72},[66,115028,50],{"class":80},[66,115030,82189],{"class":137},[66,115032,158],{"class":80},[66,115034,85],{"class":84},[66,115036,4381],{"class":88},[66,115038,85],{"class":84},[66,115040,163],{"class":80},[66,115042,115043],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115044,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115046,115047,115049,115051,115053],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115048,155],{"class":154},[66,115050,158],{"class":80},[66,115052,36362],{"class":137},[66,115054,163],{"class":80},[66,115056,115057],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115058,115059],{"class":1945},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115061,46117,115062,94],{},[15,115063,15228],{},[57,115065,115067],{"className":59,"code":115066,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115068,115069,115085,115111,115115,115125],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115070,115071,115073,115075,115077,115079,115081,115083],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115072,36310],{"class":72},[66,115074,77],{"class":76},[66,115076,81],{"class":80},[66,115078,85],{"class":84},[66,115080,4372],{"class":88},[66,115082,85],{"class":84},[66,115084,121],{"class":80},[66,115086,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115088,36362],{"class":72},[66,115090,50],{"class":80},[66,115092,30530],{"class":137},[66,115094,199],{"class":80},[66,115096,85],{"class":84},[66,115098,4381],{"class":88},[66,115100,85],{"class":84},[66,115102,105],{"class":80},[66,115104,97],{"class":84},[66,115106,33288],{"class":88},[66,115108,85],{"class":84},[66,115110,218],{"class":80},[66,115112,115113],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115114,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115116,115117,115119,115121,115123],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115118,155],{"class":154},[66,115120,158],{"class":80},[66,115122,36362],{"class":137},[66,115124,163],{"class":80},[66,115126,115127],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115128,115129],{"class":1945},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115131,115132],{},"Important warning with strings:",[57,115134,115136],{"className":59,"code":115135,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115137,115138,115154,115172,115176,115186],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115139,115140,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115141,36310],{"class":72},[66,115143,77],{"class":76},[66,115145,81],{"class":80},[66,115147,85],{"class":84},[66,115149,4372],{"class":88},[66,115151,85],{"class":84},[66,115153,121],{"class":80},[66,115155,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168,115170],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115157,36362],{"class":72},[66,115159,50],{"class":80},[66,115161,30530],{"class":137},[66,115163,158],{"class":80},[66,115165,85],{"class":84},[66,115167,38414],{"class":88},[66,115169,85],{"class":84},[66,115171,163],{"class":80},[66,115173,115174],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115175,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115177,115178,115180,115182,115184],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115179,155],{"class":154},[66,115181,158],{"class":80},[66,115183,36362],{"class":137},[66,115185,163],{"class":80},[66,115187,115188],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115189,115190],{"class":1945},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115192,62188,115193,62261,115196,6924],{},[15,115194,115195],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115197,96289],{},[52,115199,115201,10871,115203],{"id":115200},"update-vs-union",[15,115202,15228],{},[15,115204,102885],{},[20,115206,115207],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1430,115209,115210],{"id":30530},[15,115211,15228],{},[30,115213,115214,115217],{},[33,115215,115216],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,115218,11706,115219],{},[15,115220,4071],{},[57,115222,115224],{"className":59,"code":115223,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115225,115226,115242,115258,115262,115276,115286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115227,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115229,2853],{"class":72},[66,115231,77],{"class":76},[66,115233,81],{"class":80},[66,115235,1714],{"class":117},[66,115237,105],{"class":80},[66,115239,1719],{"class":117},[66,115241,121],{"class":80},[66,115243,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115245,2881],{"class":72},[66,115247,77],{"class":76},[66,115249,81],{"class":80},[66,115251,2354],{"class":117},[66,115253,105],{"class":80},[66,115255,1724],{"class":117},[66,115257,121],{"class":80},[66,115259,115260],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115261,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115263,115264,115266,115268,115270,115272,115274],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115265,652],{"class":72},[66,115267,50],{"class":80},[66,115269,30530],{"class":137},[66,115271,158],{"class":80},[66,115273,1903],{"class":137},[66,115275,163],{"class":80},[66,115277,115278,115280,115282,115284],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115279,155],{"class":154},[66,115281,158],{"class":80},[66,115283,652],{"class":137},[66,115285,163],{"class":80},[66,115287,115288],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,115289,114817],{"class":1945},[1430,115291,115292],{"id":111355},[15,115293,102885],{},[30,115295,115296,115298],{},[33,115297,101423],{},[33,115299,101426],{},[57,115301,115303],{"className":59,"code":115302,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115304,115305,115321,115337,115341,115359,115369,115373,115383],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115306,115307,115309,115311,115313,115315,115317,115319],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115308,2853],{"class":72},[66,115310,77],{"class":76},[66,115312,81],{"class":80},[66,115314,1714],{"class":117},[66,115316,105],{"class":80},[66,115318,1719],{"class":117},[66,115320,121],{"class":80},[66,115322,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333,115335],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115324,2881],{"class":72},[66,115326,77],{"class":76},[66,115328,81],{"class":80},[66,115330,2354],{"class":117},[66,115332,105],{"class":80},[66,115334,1724],{"class":117},[66,115336,121],{"class":80},[66,115338,115339],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115340,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115342,115343,115345,115347,115349,115351,115353,115355,115357],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115344,83269],{"class":72},[66,115346,77],{"class":76},[66,115348,56968],{"class":72},[66,115350,50],{"class":80},[66,115352,111355],{"class":137},[66,115354,158],{"class":80},[66,115356,1903],{"class":137},[66,115358,163],{"class":80},[66,115360,115361,115363,115365,115367],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115362,155],{"class":154},[66,115364,158],{"class":80},[66,115366,10027],{"class":137},[66,115368,163],{"class":80},[66,115370,115371],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,115372,114817],{"class":1945},[66,115374,115375,115377,115379,115381],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,115376,155],{"class":154},[66,115378,158],{"class":80},[66,115380,652],{"class":137},[66,115382,163],{"class":80},[66,115384,115385],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,115386,115387],{"class":1945},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115389,107771,115390,115392,115393,115397],{},[15,115391,15228],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[652,115394,115395],{"href":102882},[15,115396,102885],{}," when you want a new set.",[52,115399,115401],{"id":115400},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115403,11031,115404,50],{},[15,115405,97400],{},[1430,115407,115409],{"id":115408},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115411,115412],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[57,115414,115416],{"className":59,"code":115415,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115417,115418,115434,115456,115460,115470],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115419,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115421,15902],{"class":72},[66,115423,77],{"class":76},[66,115425,81],{"class":80},[66,115427,1714],{"class":117},[66,115429,105],{"class":80},[66,115431,1719],{"class":117},[66,115433,121],{"class":80},[66,115435,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115437,877],{"class":72},[66,115439,77],{"class":76},[66,115441,97010],{"class":72},[66,115443,50],{"class":80},[66,115445,30530],{"class":137},[66,115447,199],{"class":80},[66,115449,2360],{"class":117},[66,115451,105],{"class":80},[66,115453,2755],{"class":117},[66,115455,218],{"class":80},[66,115457,115458],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115459,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115461,115462,115464,115466,115468],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115463,155],{"class":154},[66,115465,158],{"class":80},[66,115467,901],{"class":137},[66,115469,163],{"class":80},[66,115471,115472],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115473,61913],{"class":1945},[20,115475,115476,115477,94],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115478,15228],{},[57,115480,115482],{"className":59,"code":115481,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115483,115484,115500,115518,115522,115532],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115485,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494,115496,115498],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115487,15902],{"class":72},[66,115489,77],{"class":76},[66,115491,81],{"class":80},[66,115493,1714],{"class":117},[66,115495,105],{"class":80},[66,115497,1719],{"class":117},[66,115499,121],{"class":80},[66,115501,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514,115516],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115503,15940],{"class":72},[66,115505,50],{"class":80},[66,115507,30530],{"class":137},[66,115509,199],{"class":80},[66,115511,2360],{"class":117},[66,115513,105],{"class":80},[66,115515,2755],{"class":117},[66,115517,218],{"class":80},[66,115519,115520],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115521,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115523,115524,115526,115528,115530],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115525,155],{"class":154},[66,115527,158],{"class":80},[66,115529,15940],{"class":137},[66,115531,163],{"class":80},[66,115533,115534],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115535,114116],{"class":1945},[1430,115537,115539],{"id":115538},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115541,1696],{},[57,115543,115545],{"className":59,"code":115544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115546,115547,115563],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115548,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115550,15902],{"class":72},[66,115552,77],{"class":76},[66,115554,81],{"class":80},[66,115556,1714],{"class":117},[66,115558,105],{"class":80},[66,115560,1719],{"class":117},[66,115562,121],{"class":80},[66,115564,115565,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115566,15940],{"class":72},[66,115568,50],{"class":80},[66,115570,30530],{"class":137},[66,115572,158],{"class":80},[66,115574,2433],{"class":117},[66,115576,163],{"class":80},[20,115578,62367,115579,8894,115581,115583],{},[15,115580,3302],{},[15,115582,2433],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115585,6847],{},[57,115587,115589],{"className":59,"code":115588,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115590,115591,115607,115621,115625,115635],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115592,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115594,15902],{"class":72},[66,115596,77],{"class":76},[66,115598,81],{"class":80},[66,115600,1714],{"class":117},[66,115602,105],{"class":80},[66,115604,1719],{"class":117},[66,115606,121],{"class":80},[66,115608,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115610,15940],{"class":72},[66,115612,50],{"class":80},[66,115614,30530],{"class":137},[66,115616,199],{"class":80},[66,115618,2433],{"class":117},[66,115620,218],{"class":80},[66,115622,115623],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115624,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115626,115627,115629,115631,115633],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115628,155],{"class":154},[66,115630,158],{"class":80},[66,115632,15940],{"class":137},[66,115634,163],{"class":80},[66,115636,115637],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115638,115639],{"class":1945},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115641,45990,115642,50],{},[652,115643,1755,115644],{"href":52679},[15,115645,115646],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1430,115648,115650],{"id":115649},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115652,115653],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[57,115655,115657],{"className":59,"code":115656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115658,115659,115675,115701,115705,115715],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115660,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115662,15902],{"class":72},[66,115664,77],{"class":76},[66,115666,81],{"class":80},[66,115668,1714],{"class":117},[66,115670,105],{"class":80},[66,115672,1719],{"class":117},[66,115674,121],{"class":80},[66,115676,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115678,15940],{"class":72},[66,115680,50],{"class":80},[66,115682,30530],{"class":137},[66,115684,199],{"class":80},[66,115686,2354],{"class":117},[66,115688,105],{"class":80},[66,115690,1719],{"class":117},[66,115692,105],{"class":80},[66,115694,1719],{"class":117},[66,115696,105],{"class":80},[66,115698,1724],{"class":117},[66,115700,218],{"class":80},[66,115702,115703],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115704,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115706,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115708,155],{"class":154},[66,115710,158],{"class":80},[66,115712,15940],{"class":137},[66,115714,163],{"class":80},[66,115716,115717],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115718,114817],{"class":1945},[1430,115720,115722,115723,44706,115725,115727],{"id":115721},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115724,15228],{},[15,115726,96289],{}," is better",[20,115729,115730,115731,115733],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115732,96289],{}," is usually the better choice.",[57,115735,115737],{"className":59,"code":115736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115738,115739,115755,115773,115777,115787],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115740,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115742,15902],{"class":72},[66,115744,77],{"class":76},[66,115746,81],{"class":80},[66,115748,85],{"class":84},[66,115750,58208],{"class":88},[66,115752,85],{"class":84},[66,115754,121],{"class":80},[66,115756,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767,115769,115771],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115758,15940],{"class":72},[66,115760,50],{"class":80},[66,115762,82189],{"class":137},[66,115764,158],{"class":80},[66,115766,85],{"class":84},[66,115768,37119],{"class":88},[66,115770,85],{"class":84},[66,115772,163],{"class":80},[66,115774,115775],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115776,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115778,115779,115781,115783,115785],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,115780,155],{"class":154},[66,115782,158],{"class":80},[66,115784,15940],{"class":137},[66,115786,163],{"class":80},[66,115788,115789],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,115790,114977],{"class":1945},[52,115792,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,115794,12986,115796,97379],{"id":115795},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115797,97400],{},[20,115799,97382,115800,50],{},[15,115801,4071],{},[1430,115803,28393,115804,32293],{"id":32290},[15,115805,15228],{},[20,115807,115808],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1430,115810,5475,115812,4688,115814,2151],{"id":115811},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115813,96289],{},[15,115815,15228],{},[20,115817,115818,115820,115821,115823],{},[15,115819,96289],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115822,15228],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1430,115825,115827],{"id":115826},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115829,115830,115831,114826],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115832,15228],{},[1430,115834,115836],{"id":115835},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115838,243,115839,11376,115841,50],{},[15,115840,102885],{},[15,115842,15228],{},[52,115844,2183],{"id":2182},[30,115846,115847,115854,115861,115867,115873],{},[33,115848,115849],{},[652,115850,115851],{"href":98586},[15,115852,115853],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115855,115856],{},[652,115857,115858],{"href":102882},[15,115859,115860],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115862,115863],{},[652,115864,115865],{"href":97969},[15,115866,97424],{},[33,115868,115869],{},[652,115870,115871],{"href":99163},[15,115872,100430],{},[33,115874,115875],{},[652,115876,115877,115879],{"href":52679},[15,115878,115646],{}," fix",[20,115881,115882,115883,115885,115886,115888],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115884,96294],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115887,108129],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2222,115890,115891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":115893},[115894,115895,115897,115898,115899,115900,115901,115902,115904,115909,115916,115925],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":114124,"depth":124,"text":115896},"What set.update() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":22225,"depth":124,"text":22226},{"id":114510,"depth":124,"text":114511},{"id":114613,"depth":124,"text":114614},{"id":114820,"depth":124,"text":114821},{"id":114980,"depth":124,"text":115903},"update() vs add()",{"id":115200,"depth":124,"text":115905,"children":115906},"update() vs union()",[115907,115908],{"id":30530,"depth":144,"text":15228},{"id":111355,"depth":144,"text":102885},{"id":115400,"depth":124,"text":115401,"children":115910},[115911,115912,115913,115914],{"id":115408,"depth":144,"text":115409},{"id":115538,"depth":144,"text":115539},{"id":115649,"depth":144,"text":115650},{"id":115721,"depth":144,"text":115915},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":115917},[115918,115920,115921,115923,115924],{"id":115795,"depth":144,"text":115919},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32290,"depth":144,"text":32363},{"id":115811,"depth":144,"text":115922},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115826,"depth":144,"text":115827},{"id":115835,"depth":144,"text":115836},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114036,"description":115926},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115932,"title":115933,"body":115934,"description":117700,"extension":2260,"meta":117701,"navigation":147,"path":14066,"seo":117702,"stem":117703,"__hash__":117704},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115935,"toc":117675},[115936,115939,115942,115945,115956,115964,115967,115969,116118,116130,116134,116151,116155,116163,116165,116176,116178,116275,116281,116284,116380,116389,116394,116398,116403,116405,116415,116417,116526,116534,116538,116541,116544,116561,116567,116647,116650,116654,116657,116661,116664,116723,116726,116730,116733,116825,116829,116832,116939,116943,116949,116977,116979,117061,117071,117075,117078,117089,117092,117177,117180,117185,117189,117192,117203,117206,117348,117351,117355,117358,117372,117375,117436,117442,117444,117447,117469,117472,117572,117575,117607,117609,117613,117616,117618,117621,117625,117628,117632,117635,117639,117642,117644,117672],[10,115937,115933],{"id":115938},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115940,115941],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115943,115944],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115946,115947,115950,115953],{},[33,115948,115949],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115951,115952],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115954,115955],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115957,100352,115958,4688,115960,115963],{},[185,115959,13133],{},[185,115961,115962],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115965,115966],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[52,115968,55],{"id":54},[57,115970,115972],{"className":59,"code":115971,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115973,115974,115981,115985,116011,116031,116051,116055,116073,116077,116090,116104],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,115975,115976,115978],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,115977,35160],{"class":1060},[66,115979,115980],{"class":72}," copy\n",[66,115982,115983],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,115984,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,115986,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,115988,12367],{"class":72},[66,115990,77],{"class":76},[66,115992,56374],{"class":80},[66,115994,1714],{"class":117},[66,115996,105],{"class":80},[66,115998,1719],{"class":117},[66,116000,18323],{"class":80},[66,116002,1711],{"class":80},[66,116004,2360],{"class":117},[66,116006,105],{"class":80},[66,116008,2755],{"class":117},[66,116010,53322],{"class":80},[66,116012,116013,116016,116018,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,116014,116015],{"class":72},"shallow ",[66,116017,77],{"class":76},[66,116019,116020],{"class":72}," copy",[66,116022,50],{"class":80},[66,116024,13191],{"class":137},[66,116026,158],{"class":80},[66,116028,12414],{"class":137},[66,116030,163],{"class":80},[66,116032,116033,116036,116038,116040,116042,116045,116047,116049],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,116034,116035],{"class":72},"deep ",[66,116037,77],{"class":76},[66,116039,116020],{"class":72},[66,116041,50],{"class":80},[66,116043,116044],{"class":137},"deepcopy",[66,116046,158],{"class":80},[66,116048,12414],{"class":137},[66,116050,163],{"class":80},[66,116052,116053],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,116054,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116056,116057,116059,116061,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,116058,12414],{"class":72},[66,116060,223],{"class":80},[66,116062,2021],{"class":117},[66,116064,13827],{"class":80},[66,116066,13830],{"class":137},[66,116068,158],{"class":80},[66,116070,56427],{"class":117},[66,116072,163],{"class":80},[66,116074,116075],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,116076,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116078,116079,116081,116083,116085,116087],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,116080,155],{"class":154},[66,116082,158],{"class":80},[66,116084,12414],{"class":137},[66,116086,3954],{"class":80},[66,116088,116089],{"class":1945},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[66,116091,116092,116094,116096,116099,116101],{"class":68,"line":6729},[66,116093,155],{"class":154},[66,116095,158],{"class":80},[66,116097,116098],{"class":137},"shallow",[66,116100,3954],{"class":80},[66,116102,116103],{"class":1945},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[66,116105,116106,116108,116110,116113,116115],{"class":68,"line":11876},[66,116107,155],{"class":154},[66,116109,158],{"class":80},[66,116111,116112],{"class":137},"deep",[66,116114,3954],{"class":80},[66,116116,116117],{"class":1945},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116119,243,116120,116123,116124,4688,116126,116129],{},[15,116121,116122],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[185,116125,13133],{},[15,116127,116128],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[52,116131,116133],{"id":116132},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,116135,116136,116139,116142,116145,116148],{},[33,116137,116138],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,116140,116141],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,116143,116144],{},"How deep copy works",[33,116146,116147],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,116149,116150],{},"When to use each approach",[52,116152,116154],{"id":116153},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116156,15463,116157,116159,116160,116162],{},[185,116158,13133],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[185,116161,4926],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116164,2404],{},[30,116166,116167,116170,116173],{},[33,116168,116169],{},"the outer container is new",[33,116171,116172],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,116174,116175],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116177,281],{},[57,116179,116181],{"className":59,"code":116180,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116182,116183,116209,116223,116227,116245,116249,116262],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116184,116185,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116186,12367],{"class":72},[66,116188,77],{"class":76},[66,116190,56374],{"class":80},[66,116192,1714],{"class":117},[66,116194,105],{"class":80},[66,116196,1719],{"class":117},[66,116198,18323],{"class":80},[66,116200,1711],{"class":80},[66,116202,2360],{"class":117},[66,116204,105],{"class":80},[66,116206,2755],{"class":117},[66,116208,53322],{"class":80},[66,116210,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,116212,14588],{"class":72},[66,116214,77],{"class":76},[66,116216,12442],{"class":72},[66,116218,50],{"class":80},[66,116220,13191],{"class":137},[66,116222,141],{"class":80},[66,116224,116225],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,116226,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116228,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239,116241,116243],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,116230,14607],{"class":72},[66,116232,50],{"class":80},[66,116234,13830],{"class":137},[66,116236,199],{"class":80},[66,116238,2433],{"class":117},[66,116240,105],{"class":80},[66,116242,37716],{"class":117},[66,116244,218],{"class":80},[66,116246,116247],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,116248,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116250,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,116252,155],{"class":154},[66,116254,158],{"class":80},[66,116256,12414],{"class":137},[66,116258,3954],{"class":80},[66,116260,116261],{"class":1945},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[66,116263,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,116265,155],{"class":154},[66,116267,158],{"class":80},[66,116269,14607],{"class":137},[66,116271,3954],{"class":80},[66,116273,116274],{"class":1945},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116276,116277,116278,116280],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116279,14607],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116282,116283],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[57,116285,116287],{"className":59,"code":116286,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116288,116289,116315,116329,116333,116351,116355,116367],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116290,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116292,12367],{"class":72},[66,116294,77],{"class":76},[66,116296,56374],{"class":80},[66,116298,1714],{"class":117},[66,116300,105],{"class":80},[66,116302,1719],{"class":117},[66,116304,18323],{"class":80},[66,116306,1711],{"class":80},[66,116308,2360],{"class":117},[66,116310,105],{"class":80},[66,116312,2755],{"class":117},[66,116314,53322],{"class":80},[66,116316,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,116318,14588],{"class":72},[66,116320,77],{"class":76},[66,116322,12442],{"class":72},[66,116324,50],{"class":80},[66,116326,13191],{"class":137},[66,116328,141],{"class":80},[66,116330,116331],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,116332,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116334,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,116336,14607],{"class":72},[66,116338,223],{"class":80},[66,116340,2021],{"class":117},[66,116342,13827],{"class":80},[66,116344,13830],{"class":137},[66,116346,158],{"class":80},[66,116348,56427],{"class":117},[66,116350,163],{"class":80},[66,116352,116353],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,116354,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116356,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,116358,155],{"class":154},[66,116360,158],{"class":80},[66,116362,12414],{"class":137},[66,116364,3954],{"class":80},[66,116366,116089],{"class":1945},[66,116368,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,116370,155],{"class":154},[66,116372,158],{"class":80},[66,116374,14607],{"class":137},[66,116376,3954],{"class":80},[66,116378,116379],{"class":1945},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116381,116382,116383,4688,116385,116388],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116384,56531],{},[15,116386,116387],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116390,116391,116392,50],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[652,116393,44012],{"href":12346},[52,116395,116397],{"id":116396},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116399,15463,116400,116402],{},[185,116401,115962],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116404,2404],{},[30,116406,116407,116409,116412],{},[33,116408,116169],{},[33,116410,116411],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,116413,116414],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116416,281],{},[57,116418,116420],{"className":59,"code":116419,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116421,116422,116428,116432,116458,116476,116480,116498,116502,116514],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116423,116424,116426],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116425,35160],{"class":1060},[66,116427,115980],{"class":72},[66,116429,116430],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,116431,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116433,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,116435,12367],{"class":72},[66,116437,77],{"class":76},[66,116439,56374],{"class":80},[66,116441,1714],{"class":117},[66,116443,105],{"class":80},[66,116445,1719],{"class":117},[66,116447,18323],{"class":80},[66,116449,1711],{"class":80},[66,116451,2360],{"class":117},[66,116453,105],{"class":80},[66,116455,2755],{"class":117},[66,116457,53322],{"class":80},[66,116459,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,116461,14588],{"class":72},[66,116463,77],{"class":76},[66,116465,116020],{"class":72},[66,116467,50],{"class":80},[66,116469,116044],{"class":137},[66,116471,158],{"class":80},[66,116473,12414],{"class":137},[66,116475,163],{"class":80},[66,116477,116478],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,116479,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116481,116482,116484,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,116483,14607],{"class":72},[66,116485,223],{"class":80},[66,116487,2021],{"class":117},[66,116489,13827],{"class":80},[66,116491,13830],{"class":137},[66,116493,158],{"class":80},[66,116495,56427],{"class":117},[66,116497,163],{"class":80},[66,116499,116500],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,116501,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116503,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,116505,155],{"class":154},[66,116507,158],{"class":80},[66,116509,12414],{"class":137},[66,116511,3954],{"class":80},[66,116513,116261],{"class":1945},[66,116515,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,116517,155],{"class":154},[66,116519,158],{"class":80},[66,116521,14607],{"class":137},[66,116523,3954],{"class":80},[66,116525,116379],{"class":1945},[20,116527,116528,116529,116531,116532,50],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116530,116387],{}," does not change ",[15,116533,56531],{},[52,116535,116537],{"id":116536},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116539,116540],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116542,116543],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116545,116546,116549,116552,116558],{},[33,116547,116548],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116550,116551],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116553,116554,116555,116557],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116556,77],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116559,116560],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116562,116563,116564,116566],{},"For example, this does ",[185,116565,4926],{}," create a copy:",[57,116568,116570],{"className":59,"code":116569,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116571,116572,116592,116600,116604,116618,116622,116634],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116573,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116575,12367],{"class":72},[66,116577,77],{"class":76},[66,116579,1711],{"class":80},[66,116581,1714],{"class":117},[66,116583,105],{"class":80},[66,116585,1719],{"class":117},[66,116587,105],{"class":80},[66,116589,1724],{"class":117},[66,116591,240],{"class":80},[66,116593,116594,116596,116598],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,116595,14588],{"class":72},[66,116597,77],{"class":76},[66,116599,12405],{"class":72},[66,116601,116602],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,116603,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116605,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,116607,14607],{"class":72},[66,116609,50],{"class":80},[66,116611,13830],{"class":137},[66,116613,158],{"class":80},[66,116615,2803],{"class":117},[66,116617,163],{"class":80},[66,116619,116620],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,116621,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116623,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,116625,155],{"class":154},[66,116627,158],{"class":80},[66,116629,12414],{"class":137},[66,116631,3954],{"class":80},[66,116633,55781],{"class":1945},[66,116635,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,116637,155],{"class":154},[66,116639,158],{"class":80},[66,116641,14607],{"class":137},[66,116643,3954],{"class":80},[66,116645,116646],{"class":1945},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116648,116649],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[52,116651,116653],{"id":116652},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116655,116656],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1430,116658,116660],{"id":116659},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116662,116663],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[57,116665,116667],{"className":59,"code":116666,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116668,116669,116695,116703,116707],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116670,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116672,12367],{"class":72},[66,116674,77],{"class":76},[66,116676,56374],{"class":80},[66,116678,1714],{"class":117},[66,116680,105],{"class":80},[66,116682,1719],{"class":117},[66,116684,18323],{"class":80},[66,116686,1711],{"class":80},[66,116688,2360],{"class":117},[66,116690,105],{"class":80},[66,116692,2755],{"class":117},[66,116694,53322],{"class":80},[66,116696,116697,116699,116701],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,116698,14379],{"class":72},[66,116700,77],{"class":76},[66,116702,12405],{"class":72},[66,116704,116705],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,116706,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116708,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,116710,155],{"class":154},[66,116712,158],{"class":80},[66,116714,12367],{"class":137},[66,116716,12475],{"class":1060},[66,116718,14447],{"class":137},[66,116720,3954],{"class":80},[66,116722,3957],{"class":1945},[20,116724,116725],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1430,116727,116729],{"id":116728},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116731,116732],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[57,116734,116736],{"className":59,"code":116735,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116737,116738,116764,116778,116782,116799],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116739,116740,116742,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116741,12367],{"class":72},[66,116743,77],{"class":76},[66,116745,56374],{"class":80},[66,116747,1714],{"class":117},[66,116749,105],{"class":80},[66,116751,1719],{"class":117},[66,116753,18323],{"class":80},[66,116755,1711],{"class":80},[66,116757,2360],{"class":117},[66,116759,105],{"class":80},[66,116761,2755],{"class":117},[66,116763,53322],{"class":80},[66,116765,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,116767,116015],{"class":72},[66,116769,77],{"class":76},[66,116771,12442],{"class":72},[66,116773,50],{"class":80},[66,116775,13191],{"class":137},[66,116777,141],{"class":80},[66,116779,116780],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,116781,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116783,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116795,116797],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,116785,155],{"class":154},[66,116787,158],{"class":80},[66,116789,12367],{"class":137},[66,116791,12475],{"class":1060},[66,116793,116794],{"class":137}," shallow",[66,116796,3954],{"class":80},[66,116798,21459],{"class":1945},[66,116800,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,116802,155],{"class":154},[66,116804,158],{"class":80},[66,116806,12414],{"class":137},[66,116808,223],{"class":80},[66,116810,2021],{"class":117},[66,116812,365],{"class":80},[66,116814,8389],{"class":1060},[66,116816,116794],{"class":137},[66,116818,223],{"class":80},[66,116820,2021],{"class":117},[66,116822,20705],{"class":80},[66,116824,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,116826,116828],{"id":116827},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116830,116831],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[57,116833,116835],{"className":59,"code":116834,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116836,116837,116843,116847,116873,116891,116895,116913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116838,116839,116841],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116840,35160],{"class":1060},[66,116842,115980],{"class":72},[66,116844,116845],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,116846,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116848,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,116850,12367],{"class":72},[66,116852,77],{"class":76},[66,116854,56374],{"class":80},[66,116856,1714],{"class":117},[66,116858,105],{"class":80},[66,116860,1719],{"class":117},[66,116862,18323],{"class":80},[66,116864,1711],{"class":80},[66,116866,2360],{"class":117},[66,116868,105],{"class":80},[66,116870,2755],{"class":117},[66,116872,53322],{"class":80},[66,116874,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,116876,116035],{"class":72},[66,116878,77],{"class":76},[66,116880,116020],{"class":72},[66,116882,50],{"class":80},[66,116884,116044],{"class":137},[66,116886,158],{"class":80},[66,116888,12414],{"class":137},[66,116890,163],{"class":80},[66,116892,116893],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,116894,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,116896,116897,116899,116901,116903,116905,116908,116910],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,116898,155],{"class":154},[66,116900,158],{"class":80},[66,116902,12367],{"class":137},[66,116904,12475],{"class":1060},[66,116906,116907],{"class":137}," deep",[66,116909,3954],{"class":80},[66,116911,116912],{"class":1945},"         # False\n",[66,116914,116915,116917,116919,116921,116923,116925,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,116916,155],{"class":154},[66,116918,158],{"class":80},[66,116920,12414],{"class":137},[66,116922,223],{"class":80},[66,116924,2021],{"class":117},[66,116926,365],{"class":80},[66,116928,8389],{"class":1060},[66,116930,116907],{"class":137},[66,116932,223],{"class":80},[66,116934,2021],{"class":117},[66,116936,20705],{"class":80},[66,116938,43948],{"class":1945},[52,116940,116942],{"id":116941},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116944,116945,116946,94],{},"These all make ",[185,116947,116948],{},"shallow copies",[30,116950,116951,116955,116959,116964,116970],{},[33,116952,116953],{},[15,116954,55681],{},[33,116956,116957],{},[15,116958,12716],{},[33,116960,116961],{},[15,116962,116963],{},"set.copy()",[33,116965,116966,116967],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116968,116969],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116971,116972,116974,116975,35150],{},[15,116973,116122],{}," from the ",[15,116976,13191],{},[20,116978,2422],{},[57,116980,116982],{"className":59,"code":116981,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116983,116984,117004,117008,117022,117033,117037,117049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,116985,116986,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,116987,1706],{"class":72},[66,116989,77],{"class":76},[66,116991,1711],{"class":80},[66,116993,1714],{"class":117},[66,116995,105],{"class":80},[66,116997,1719],{"class":117},[66,116999,105],{"class":80},[66,117001,1724],{"class":117},[66,117003,240],{"class":80},[66,117005,117006],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,117007,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117009,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,117011,2853],{"class":72},[66,117013,77],{"class":76},[66,117015,4557],{"class":72},[66,117017,50],{"class":80},[66,117019,13191],{"class":137},[66,117021,141],{"class":80},[66,117023,117024,117026,117028,117030],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,117025,2881],{"class":72},[66,117027,77],{"class":76},[66,117029,4557],{"class":72},[66,117031,117032],{"class":80},"[:]\n",[66,117034,117035],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,117036,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117038,117039,117041,117043,117045,117047],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,117040,155],{"class":154},[66,117042,158],{"class":80},[66,117044,652],{"class":137},[66,117046,3954],{"class":80},[66,117048,55012],{"class":1945},[66,117050,117051,117053,117055,117057,117059],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,117052,155],{"class":154},[66,117054,158],{"class":80},[66,117056,1903],{"class":137},[66,117058,3954],{"class":80},[66,117060,55012],{"class":1945},[20,117062,73223,117063,47611,117067,50],{},[652,117064,117065,978],{"href":55040},[15,117066,55681],{},[652,117068,117069,978],{"href":12713},[15,117070,12716],{},[52,117072,117074],{"id":117073},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117076,117077],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,117079,117080,117083,117086],{},[33,117081,117082],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,117084,117085],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,117087,117088],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117090,117091],{},"Example with a flat list:",[57,117093,117095],{"className":59,"code":117094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117096,117097,117117,117131,117135,117149,117153,117165],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117098,117099,117101,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117100,12367],{"class":72},[66,117102,77],{"class":76},[66,117104,1711],{"class":80},[66,117106,1714],{"class":117},[66,117108,105],{"class":80},[66,117110,1719],{"class":117},[66,117112,105],{"class":80},[66,117114,1724],{"class":117},[66,117116,240],{"class":80},[66,117118,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,117120,14588],{"class":72},[66,117122,77],{"class":76},[66,117124,12442],{"class":72},[66,117126,50],{"class":80},[66,117128,13191],{"class":137},[66,117130,141],{"class":80},[66,117132,117133],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,117134,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117136,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,117138,14607],{"class":72},[66,117140,50],{"class":80},[66,117142,13830],{"class":137},[66,117144,158],{"class":80},[66,117146,2803],{"class":117},[66,117148,163],{"class":80},[66,117150,117151],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,117152,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117154,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,117156,155],{"class":154},[66,117158,158],{"class":80},[66,117160,12414],{"class":137},[66,117162,3954],{"class":80},[66,117164,55012],{"class":1945},[66,117166,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,117168,155],{"class":154},[66,117170,158],{"class":80},[66,117172,14607],{"class":137},[66,117174,3954],{"class":80},[66,117176,116646],{"class":1945},[20,117178,117179],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117181,117182,117183,50],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[652,117184,15163],{"href":57300},[52,117186,117188],{"id":117187},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117190,117191],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,117193,117194,117197,117200],{},[33,117195,117196],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,117198,117199],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,117201,117202],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117204,117205],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[57,117207,117209],{"className":59,"code":117208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117210,117211,117217,117221,117247,117261,117279,117283,117305,117309,117322,117335],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117212,117213,117215],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117214,35160],{"class":1060},[66,117216,115980],{"class":72},[66,117218,117219],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,117220,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117222,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,117224,12367],{"class":72},[66,117226,77],{"class":76},[66,117228,81],{"class":80},[66,117230,85],{"class":84},[66,117232,16663],{"class":88},[66,117234,85],{"class":84},[66,117236,94],{"class":80},[66,117238,1711],{"class":80},[66,117240,2628],{"class":117},[66,117242,105],{"class":80},[66,117244,118],{"class":117},[66,117246,13982],{"class":80},[66,117248,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,117250,116015],{"class":72},[66,117252,77],{"class":76},[66,117254,12442],{"class":72},[66,117256,50],{"class":80},[66,117258,13191],{"class":137},[66,117260,141],{"class":80},[66,117262,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,117264,116035],{"class":72},[66,117266,77],{"class":76},[66,117268,116020],{"class":72},[66,117270,50],{"class":80},[66,117272,116044],{"class":137},[66,117274,158],{"class":80},[66,117276,12414],{"class":137},[66,117278,163],{"class":80},[66,117280,117281],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,117282,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117284,117285,117287,117289,117291,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301,117303],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,117286,12414],{"class":72},[66,117288,223],{"class":80},[66,117290,85],{"class":84},[66,117292,16663],{"class":88},[66,117294,85],{"class":84},[66,117296,13827],{"class":80},[66,117298,13830],{"class":137},[66,117300,158],{"class":80},[66,117302,36913],{"class":117},[66,117304,163],{"class":80},[66,117306,117307],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,117308,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117310,117311,117313,117315,117317,117319],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,117312,155],{"class":154},[66,117314,158],{"class":80},[66,117316,12414],{"class":137},[66,117318,3954],{"class":80},[66,117320,117321],{"class":1945},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[66,117323,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332],{"class":68,"line":6729},[66,117325,155],{"class":154},[66,117327,158],{"class":80},[66,117329,116098],{"class":137},[66,117331,3954],{"class":80},[66,117333,117334],{"class":1945},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[66,117336,117337,117339,117341,117343,117345],{"class":68,"line":11876},[66,117338,155],{"class":154},[66,117340,158],{"class":80},[66,117342,116112],{"class":137},[66,117344,3954],{"class":80},[66,117346,117347],{"class":1945},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117349,117350],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[52,117352,117354],{"id":117353},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117356,117357],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,117359,117360,117363,117366,117369],{},[33,117361,117362],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,117364,117365],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,117367,117368],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,117370,117371],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117373,117374],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[57,117376,117378],{"className":59,"code":117377,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117379,117380,117388,117396,117400,117408,117412,117424],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117381,117382,117384,117386],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117383,2853],{"class":72},[66,117385,77],{"class":76},[66,117387,2886],{"class":117},[66,117389,117390,117392,117394],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,117391,2881],{"class":72},[66,117393,77],{"class":76},[66,117395,36246],{"class":72},[66,117397,117398],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,117399,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117401,117402,117404,117406],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,117403,2881],{"class":72},[66,117405,77],{"class":76},[66,117407,14890],{"class":117},[66,117409,117410],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,117411,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117413,117414,117416,117418,117420,117422],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,117415,155],{"class":154},[66,117417,158],{"class":80},[66,117419,652],{"class":137},[66,117421,3954],{"class":80},[66,117423,26859],{"class":1945},[66,117425,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,117427,155],{"class":154},[66,117429,158],{"class":80},[66,117431,1903],{"class":137},[66,117433,3954],{"class":80},[66,117435,27680],{"class":1945},[20,117437,93594,117438,117441],{},[652,117439,117440],{"href":12346},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[52,117443,1838],{"id":1837},[20,117445,117446],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117448,117449,117453,117458,117463,117466],{},[33,117450,1848,117451,56864],{},[15,117452,77],{},[33,117454,1848,117455,117457],{},[15,117456,55681],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117459,1848,117460,117462],{},[15,117461,12716],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117464,117465],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117467,117468],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117470,117471],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[57,117473,117475],{"className":59,"code":117474,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117476,117477,117491,117505,117527,117558],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117478,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487,117489],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117480,155],{"class":154},[66,117482,158],{"class":80},[66,117484,12367],{"class":137},[66,117486,12475],{"class":1060},[66,117488,14661],{"class":137},[66,117490,163],{"class":80},[66,117492,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,117494,155],{"class":154},[66,117496,158],{"class":80},[66,117498,12367],{"class":137},[66,117500,4984],{"class":76},[66,117502,14661],{"class":137},[66,117504,163],{"class":80},[66,117506,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,117508,155],{"class":154},[66,117510,158],{"class":80},[66,117512,12931],{"class":154},[66,117514,158],{"class":80},[66,117516,12414],{"class":137},[66,117518,9524],{"class":80},[66,117520,15092],{"class":154},[66,117522,158],{"class":80},[66,117524,14607],{"class":137},[66,117526,181],{"class":80},[66,117528,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117546,117548,117550,117552,117554,117556],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,117530,155],{"class":154},[66,117532,158],{"class":80},[66,117534,12931],{"class":154},[66,117536,158],{"class":80},[66,117538,12414],{"class":137},[66,117540,223],{"class":80},[66,117542,2021],{"class":117},[66,117544,117545],{"class":80},"]),",[66,117547,15092],{"class":154},[66,117549,158],{"class":80},[66,117551,14607],{"class":137},[66,117553,223],{"class":80},[66,117555,2021],{"class":117},[66,117557,3296],{"class":80},[66,117559,117560,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,117561,155],{"class":154},[66,117563,158],{"class":80},[66,117565,912],{"class":173},[66,117567,158],{"class":80},[66,117569,12414],{"class":137},[66,117571,181],{"class":80},[20,117573,117574],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117576,117577,117582,117587,117592,117602],{},[33,117578,117579,117581],{},[15,117580,12475],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117583,117584,117586],{},[15,117585,4984],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117588,117589,117591],{},[15,117590,43564],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117593,117594,117595,4688,117598,117601],{},"comparing ",[15,117596,117597],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117599,117600],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117603,117604,117606],{},[15,117605,2599],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[52,117608,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,117610,117612],{"id":117611},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117614,117615],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1430,117617,57350],{"id":57265},[20,117619,117620],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1430,117622,117624],{"id":117623},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117626,117627],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1430,117629,117631],{"id":117630},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117633,117634],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1430,117636,117638],{"id":117637},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117640,117641],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[52,117643,2183],{"id":2182},[30,117645,117646,117651,117657,117663,117667],{},[33,117647,117648],{},[652,117649,117650],{"href":12346},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117652,117653],{},[652,117654,3870,117655,978],{"href":55040},[15,117656,55681],{},[33,117658,117659],{},[652,117660,3870,117661,978],{"href":12713},[15,117662,12716],{},[33,117664,117665],{},[652,117666,15239],{"href":57300},[33,117668,117669],{},[652,117670,117671],{"href":58575},"What is a list in Python?",[2222,117673,117674],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":117676},[117677,117678,117679,117680,117681,117682,117687,117688,117689,117690,117691,117692,117699],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":116132,"depth":124,"text":116133},{"id":116153,"depth":124,"text":116154},{"id":116396,"depth":124,"text":116397},{"id":116536,"depth":124,"text":116537},{"id":116652,"depth":124,"text":116653,"children":117683},[117684,117685,117686],{"id":116659,"depth":144,"text":116660},{"id":116728,"depth":144,"text":116729},{"id":116827,"depth":144,"text":116828},{"id":116941,"depth":124,"text":116942},{"id":117073,"depth":124,"text":117074},{"id":117187,"depth":124,"text":117188},{"id":117353,"depth":124,"text":117354},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":117693},[117694,117695,117696,117697,117698],{"id":117611,"depth":144,"text":117612},{"id":57265,"depth":144,"text":57350},{"id":117623,"depth":144,"text":117624},{"id":117630,"depth":144,"text":117631},{"id":117637,"depth":144,"text":117638},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115933,"description":117700},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117706,"title":117707,"body":117708,"description":119565,"extension":2260,"meta":119566,"navigation":147,"path":119567,"seo":119568,"stem":119569,"__hash__":119570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117709,"toc":119523},[117710,117715,117720,117728,117730,117798,117803,117808,117823,117826,117828,117859,117861,117881,117884,117899,117901,117904,117977,117979,118024,118026,118037,118042,118046,118051,118054,118093,118095,118115,118118,118175,118177,118212,118215,118254,118256,118276,118279,118310,118312,118368,118370,118375,118446,118448,118481,118486,118491,118556,118558,118595,118598,118675,118677,118737,118744,118749,118752,118755,118836,118838,118879,118884,118887,118965,118967,119000,119009,119016,119019,119030,119033,119044,119048,119056,119065,119069,119074,119078,119083,119126,119129,119135,119138,119140,119187,119192,119196,119199,119248,119250,119271,119274,119276,119301,119304,119425,119430,119432,119437,119440,119445,119448,119456,119461,119468,119471,119479,119482,119484,119520],[10,117711,3870,117713,3874],{"id":117712},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117714,74507],{},[20,117716,117717,117719],{},[15,117718,74507],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117721,117722,117723,2487,117725,117727],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117724,77950],{},[15,117726,74507],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[52,117729,3903],{"id":3902},[57,117731,117733],{"className":59,"code":117732,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117734,117735,117755,117769,117773,117785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117736,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117738,1706],{"class":72},[66,117740,77],{"class":76},[66,117742,1711],{"class":80},[66,117744,2360],{"class":117},[66,117746,105],{"class":80},[66,117748,1896],{"class":117},[66,117750,105],{"class":80},[66,117752,1719],{"class":117},[66,117754,240],{"class":80},[66,117756,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,117758,877],{"class":72},[66,117760,77],{"class":76},[66,117762,74641],{"class":154},[66,117764,158],{"class":80},[66,117766,1735],{"class":137},[66,117768,163],{"class":80},[66,117770,117771],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,117772,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117774,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,117776,155],{"class":154},[66,117778,158],{"class":80},[66,117780,901],{"class":137},[66,117782,3954],{"class":80},[66,117784,55768],{"class":1945},[66,117786,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,117788,155],{"class":154},[66,117790,158],{"class":80},[66,117792,1735],{"class":137},[66,117794,3954],{"class":80},[66,117796,117797],{"class":1945},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117799,117800,117802],{},[15,117801,74507],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[52,117804,250,117806,253],{"id":117805},"what-sorted-does",[15,117807,74507],{},[30,117809,117810,117814,117817,117820],{},[33,117811,117812,63008],{},[15,117813,74507],{},[33,117815,117816],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117818,117819],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117821,117822],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117824,117825],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[52,117827,2455],{"id":2454},[57,117829,117831],{"className":59,"code":117830,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117832,117833],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117834,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117836,74597],{"class":154},[66,117838,158],{"class":80},[66,117840,4013],{"class":137},[66,117842,105],{"class":80},[66,117844,21837],{"class":9467},[66,117846,77],{"class":76},[66,117848,4071],{"class":4146},[66,117850,105],{"class":80},[66,117852,78153],{"class":9467},[66,117854,77],{"class":76},[66,117856,3967],{"class":4146},[66,117858,163],{"class":80},[1430,117860,17658],{"id":17657},[30,117862,117863,117868,117873],{},[33,117864,117865,117867],{},[15,117866,4013],{},": the values to sort",[33,117869,117870,117872],{},[15,117871,1086],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117874,117875,117877,117878,117880],{},[15,117876,73660],{},": set to ",[15,117879,1386],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117882,117883],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[57,117885,117887],{"className":59,"code":117886,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117888,117889],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117890,117891,117893,117895,117897],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117892,74597],{"class":154},[66,117894,158],{"class":80},[66,117896,60389],{"class":137},[66,117898,163],{"class":80},[52,117900,11756],{"id":11755},[20,117902,117903],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[57,117905,117907],{"className":59,"code":117906,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117908,117909,117933,117937,117952,117956,117967],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117910,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117912,1706],{"class":72},[66,117914,77],{"class":76},[66,117916,1711],{"class":80},[66,117918,2433],{"class":117},[66,117920,105],{"class":80},[66,117922,1719],{"class":117},[66,117924,105],{"class":80},[66,117926,6652],{"class":117},[66,117928,105],{"class":80},[66,117930,1896],{"class":117},[66,117932,240],{"class":80},[66,117934,117935],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,117936,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117938,117939,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,117940,117941],{"class":72},"sorted_numbers ",[66,117943,77],{"class":76},[66,117945,74641],{"class":154},[66,117947,158],{"class":80},[66,117949,1735],{"class":137},[66,117951,163],{"class":80},[66,117953,117954],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,117955,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,117957,117958,117960,117962,117965],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,117959,155],{"class":154},[66,117961,158],{"class":80},[66,117963,117964],{"class":137},"sorted_numbers",[66,117966,163],{"class":80},[66,117968,117969,117971,117973,117975],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,117970,155],{"class":154},[66,117972,158],{"class":80},[66,117974,1735],{"class":137},[66,117976,163],{"class":80},[20,117978,187],{},[57,117980,117982],{"className":59,"code":117981,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117983,117984,118004],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,117985,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,117987,223],{"class":80},[66,117989,1714],{"class":117},[66,117991,105],{"class":80},[66,117993,1719],{"class":117},[66,117995,105],{"class":80},[66,117997,1231],{"class":117},[66,117999,105],{"class":80},[66,118001,6652],{"class":117},[66,118003,240],{"class":80},[66,118005,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118007,223],{"class":80},[66,118009,2433],{"class":117},[66,118011,105],{"class":80},[66,118013,1719],{"class":117},[66,118015,105],{"class":80},[66,118017,6652],{"class":117},[66,118019,105],{"class":80},[66,118021,1896],{"class":117},[66,118023,240],{"class":80},[20,118025,14039],{},[30,118027,118028,118033],{},[33,118029,118030,118032],{},[15,118031,117964],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,118034,118035,112569],{},[15,118036,1735],{},[20,118038,118039,118040,50],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[652,118041,78460],{"href":78459},[52,118043,118045],{"id":118044},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118047,118048,118050],{},[15,118049,74507],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1430,118052,118053],{"id":174},"List",[57,118055,118057],{"className":59,"code":118056,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118058,118059,118079],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118060,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118062,1706],{"class":72},[66,118064,77],{"class":76},[66,118066,1711],{"class":80},[66,118068,2360],{"class":117},[66,118070,105],{"class":80},[66,118072,1896],{"class":117},[66,118074,105],{"class":80},[66,118076,1719],{"class":117},[66,118078,240],{"class":80},[66,118080,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118082,155],{"class":154},[66,118084,158],{"class":80},[66,118086,74597],{"class":154},[66,118088,158],{"class":80},[66,118090,1735],{"class":137},[66,118092,181],{"class":80},[20,118094,187],{},[57,118096,118097],{"className":59,"code":55230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,118098,118099],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118100,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118102,223],{"class":80},[66,118104,1714],{"class":117},[66,118106,105],{"class":80},[66,118108,1719],{"class":117},[66,118110,105],{"class":80},[66,118112,1724],{"class":117},[66,118114,240],{"class":80},[1430,118116,118117],{"id":49031},"Tuple",[57,118119,118121],{"className":59,"code":118120,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118122,118123,118143,118157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118124,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118126,4116],{"class":72},[66,118128,77],{"class":76},[66,118130,9527],{"class":80},[66,118132,2360],{"class":117},[66,118134,105],{"class":80},[66,118136,1896],{"class":117},[66,118138,105],{"class":80},[66,118140,1719],{"class":117},[66,118142,163],{"class":80},[66,118144,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118146,155],{"class":154},[66,118148,158],{"class":80},[66,118150,74597],{"class":154},[66,118152,158],{"class":80},[66,118154,5655],{"class":137},[66,118156,181],{"class":80},[66,118158,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,118160,155],{"class":154},[66,118162,158],{"class":80},[66,118164,912],{"class":173},[66,118166,158],{"class":80},[66,118168,74597],{"class":154},[66,118170,158],{"class":80},[66,118172,5655],{"class":137},[66,118174,3210],{"class":80},[20,118176,187],{},[57,118178,118180],{"className":59,"code":118179,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118181,118182,118198],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118183,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118185,223],{"class":80},[66,118187,1714],{"class":117},[66,118189,105],{"class":80},[66,118191,1719],{"class":117},[66,118193,105],{"class":80},[66,118195,1724],{"class":117},[66,118197,240],{"class":80},[66,118199,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118201,954],{"class":76},[66,118203,958],{"class":957},[66,118205,211],{"class":84},[66,118207,174],{"class":88},[66,118209,202],{"class":84},[66,118211,967],{"class":76},[1430,118213,118214],{"id":6580},"Set",[57,118216,118218],{"className":59,"code":118217,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118219,118220,118240],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118221,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118223,4116],{"class":72},[66,118225,77],{"class":76},[66,118227,81],{"class":80},[66,118229,2360],{"class":117},[66,118231,105],{"class":80},[66,118233,1896],{"class":117},[66,118235,105],{"class":80},[66,118237,1719],{"class":117},[66,118239,121],{"class":80},[66,118241,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118243,155],{"class":154},[66,118245,158],{"class":80},[66,118247,74597],{"class":154},[66,118249,158],{"class":80},[66,118251,5655],{"class":137},[66,118253,181],{"class":80},[20,118255,187],{},[57,118257,118258],{"className":59,"code":55230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,118259,118260],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118261,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118263,223],{"class":80},[66,118265,1714],{"class":117},[66,118267,105],{"class":80},[66,118269,1719],{"class":117},[66,118271,105],{"class":80},[66,118273,1724],{"class":117},[66,118275,240],{"class":80},[1430,118277,118278],{"id":61256},"String",[57,118280,118282],{"className":59,"code":118281,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118283,118284,118296],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118285,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118287,34756],{"class":72},[66,118289,77],{"class":76},[66,118291,97],{"class":84},[66,118293,61],{"class":88},[66,118295,376],{"class":84},[66,118297,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118299,155],{"class":154},[66,118301,158],{"class":80},[66,118303,74597],{"class":154},[66,118305,158],{"class":80},[66,118307,34777],{"class":137},[66,118309,181],{"class":80},[20,118311,187],{},[57,118313,118314],{"className":59,"code":79477,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,118315,118316],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118317,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118319,223],{"class":80},[66,118321,202],{"class":84},[66,118323,60520],{"class":88},[66,118325,202],{"class":84},[66,118327,105],{"class":80},[66,118329,211],{"class":84},[66,118331,76113],{"class":88},[66,118333,202],{"class":84},[66,118335,105],{"class":80},[66,118337,211],{"class":84},[66,118339,60555],{"class":88},[66,118341,202],{"class":84},[66,118343,105],{"class":80},[66,118345,211],{"class":84},[66,118347,20],{"class":88},[66,118349,202],{"class":84},[66,118351,105],{"class":80},[66,118353,211],{"class":84},[66,118355,63369],{"class":88},[66,118357,202],{"class":84},[66,118359,105],{"class":80},[66,118361,211],{"class":84},[66,118363,12026],{"class":88},[66,118365,202],{"class":84},[66,118367,240],{"class":80},[1430,118369,29288],{"id":15878},[20,118371,63622,118372,118374],{},[15,118373,74507],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[57,118376,118378],{"className":59,"code":118377,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118379,118380,118432],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118381,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118383,291],{"class":72},[66,118385,77],{"class":76},[66,118387,81],{"class":80},[66,118389,85],{"class":84},[66,118391,89],{"class":88},[66,118393,85],{"class":84},[66,118395,94],{"class":80},[66,118397,97],{"class":84},[66,118399,100],{"class":88},[66,118401,85],{"class":84},[66,118403,105],{"class":80},[66,118405,97],{"class":84},[66,118407,110],{"class":88},[66,118409,85],{"class":84},[66,118411,94],{"class":80},[66,118413,118],{"class":117},[66,118415,105],{"class":80},[66,118417,97],{"class":84},[66,118419,360],{"class":88},[66,118421,85],{"class":84},[66,118423,94],{"class":80},[66,118425,97],{"class":84},[66,118427,16305],{"class":88},[66,118429,85],{"class":84},[66,118431,121],{"class":80},[66,118433,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118435,155],{"class":154},[66,118437,158],{"class":80},[66,118439,74597],{"class":154},[66,118441,158],{"class":80},[66,118443,338],{"class":137},[66,118445,181],{"class":80},[20,118447,187],{},[57,118449,118451],{"className":59,"code":118450,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118452,118453],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118454,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118456,223],{"class":80},[66,118458,202],{"class":84},[66,118460,110],{"class":88},[66,118462,202],{"class":84},[66,118464,105],{"class":80},[66,118466,211],{"class":84},[66,118468,360],{"class":88},[66,118470,202],{"class":84},[66,118472,105],{"class":80},[66,118474,211],{"class":84},[66,118476,89],{"class":88},[66,118478,202],{"class":84},[66,118480,240],{"class":80},[52,118482,1848,118484],{"id":118483},"using-reversetrue",[15,118485,78174],{},[20,118487,243,118488,118490],{},[15,118489,78174],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[57,118492,118494],{"className":59,"code":118493,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118495,118496,118516,118520,118534],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118497,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118499,1706],{"class":72},[66,118501,77],{"class":76},[66,118503,1711],{"class":80},[66,118505,2360],{"class":117},[66,118507,105],{"class":80},[66,118509,1896],{"class":117},[66,118511,105],{"class":80},[66,118513,1719],{"class":117},[66,118515,240],{"class":80},[66,118517,118518],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118519,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,118521,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,118523,155],{"class":154},[66,118525,158],{"class":80},[66,118527,74597],{"class":154},[66,118529,158],{"class":80},[66,118531,1735],{"class":137},[66,118533,181],{"class":80},[66,118535,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,118537,155],{"class":154},[66,118539,158],{"class":80},[66,118541,74597],{"class":154},[66,118543,158],{"class":80},[66,118545,1735],{"class":137},[66,118547,105],{"class":80},[66,118549,78153],{"class":9467},[66,118551,77],{"class":76},[66,118553,1386],{"class":4146},[66,118555,181],{"class":80},[20,118557,187],{},[57,118559,118561],{"className":59,"code":118560,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118562,118563,118579],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118564,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118566,223],{"class":80},[66,118568,1714],{"class":117},[66,118570,105],{"class":80},[66,118572,1719],{"class":117},[66,118574,105],{"class":80},[66,118576,1724],{"class":117},[66,118578,240],{"class":80},[66,118580,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118582,223],{"class":80},[66,118584,2360],{"class":117},[66,118586,105],{"class":80},[66,118588,1719],{"class":117},[66,118590,105],{"class":80},[66,118592,1896],{"class":117},[66,118594,240],{"class":80},[20,118596,118597],{},"This also works with strings:",[57,118599,118601],{"className":59,"code":118600,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118602,118603,118635,118639,118653],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118604,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118606,4363],{"class":72},[66,118608,77],{"class":76},[66,118610,1711],{"class":80},[66,118612,85],{"class":84},[66,118614,4372],{"class":88},[66,118616,85],{"class":84},[66,118618,105],{"class":80},[66,118620,97],{"class":84},[66,118622,4381],{"class":88},[66,118624,85],{"class":84},[66,118626,105],{"class":80},[66,118628,97],{"class":84},[66,118630,4390],{"class":88},[66,118632,85],{"class":84},[66,118634,240],{"class":80},[66,118636,118637],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118638,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,118640,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,118642,155],{"class":154},[66,118644,158],{"class":80},[66,118646,74597],{"class":154},[66,118648,158],{"class":80},[66,118650,4407],{"class":137},[66,118652,181],{"class":80},[66,118654,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,118656,155],{"class":154},[66,118658,158],{"class":80},[66,118660,74597],{"class":154},[66,118662,158],{"class":80},[66,118664,4407],{"class":137},[66,118666,105],{"class":80},[66,118668,78153],{"class":9467},[66,118670,77],{"class":76},[66,118672,1386],{"class":4146},[66,118674,181],{"class":80},[20,118676,187],{},[57,118678,118679],{"className":59,"code":74241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,118680,118681,118709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118682,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118684,223],{"class":80},[66,118686,202],{"class":84},[66,118688,4372],{"class":88},[66,118690,202],{"class":84},[66,118692,105],{"class":80},[66,118694,211],{"class":84},[66,118696,4381],{"class":88},[66,118698,202],{"class":84},[66,118700,105],{"class":80},[66,118702,211],{"class":84},[66,118704,4390],{"class":88},[66,118706,202],{"class":84},[66,118708,240],{"class":80},[66,118710,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118712,223],{"class":80},[66,118714,202],{"class":84},[66,118716,4390],{"class":88},[66,118718,202],{"class":84},[66,118720,105],{"class":80},[66,118722,211],{"class":84},[66,118724,4381],{"class":88},[66,118726,202],{"class":84},[66,118728,105],{"class":80},[66,118730,211],{"class":84},[66,118732,4372],{"class":88},[66,118734,202],{"class":84},[66,118736,240],{"class":80},[52,118738,1848,118740,118743],{"id":118739},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118741,118742],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118745,2277,118746,118748],{},[15,118747,118742],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118750,118751],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118753,118754],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[57,118756,118758],{"className":59,"code":118757,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118759,118760,118800,118804,118826],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118761,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118763,4363],{"class":72},[66,118765,77],{"class":76},[66,118767,1711],{"class":80},[66,118769,85],{"class":84},[66,118771,78827],{"class":88},[66,118773,85],{"class":84},[66,118775,105],{"class":80},[66,118777,97],{"class":84},[66,118779,38431],{"class":88},[66,118781,85],{"class":84},[66,118783,105],{"class":80},[66,118785,97],{"class":84},[66,118787,4381],{"class":88},[66,118789,85],{"class":84},[66,118791,105],{"class":80},[66,118793,97],{"class":84},[66,118795,38414],{"class":88},[66,118797,85],{"class":84},[66,118799,240],{"class":80},[66,118801,118802],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118803,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,118805,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,118807,877],{"class":72},[66,118809,77],{"class":76},[66,118811,74641],{"class":154},[66,118813,158],{"class":80},[66,118815,4407],{"class":137},[66,118817,105],{"class":80},[66,118819,21837],{"class":9467},[66,118821,77],{"class":76},[66,118823,11445],{"class":154},[66,118825,163],{"class":80},[66,118827,118828,118830,118832,118834],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,118829,155],{"class":154},[66,118831,158],{"class":80},[66,118833,901],{"class":137},[66,118835,163],{"class":80},[20,118837,187],{},[57,118839,118841],{"className":59,"code":118840,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118842,118843],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118844,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118846,223],{"class":80},[66,118848,202],{"class":84},[66,118850,38431],{"class":88},[66,118852,202],{"class":84},[66,118854,105],{"class":80},[66,118856,211],{"class":84},[66,118858,78827],{"class":88},[66,118860,202],{"class":84},[66,118862,105],{"class":80},[66,118864,211],{"class":84},[66,118866,38414],{"class":88},[66,118868,202],{"class":84},[66,118870,105],{"class":80},[66,118872,211],{"class":84},[66,118874,4381],{"class":88},[66,118876,202],{"class":84},[66,118878,240],{"class":80},[20,118880,21030,118881,118883],{},[15,118882,11445],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118885,118886],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[57,118888,118890],{"className":59,"code":118889,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118891,118892,118925,118929,118955],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118893,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118921,118923],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118895,4363],{"class":72},[66,118897,77],{"class":76},[66,118899,1711],{"class":80},[66,118901,85],{"class":84},[66,118903,83446],{"class":88},[66,118905,85],{"class":84},[66,118907,105],{"class":80},[66,118909,97],{"class":84},[66,118911,4372],{"class":88},[66,118913,85],{"class":84},[66,118915,105],{"class":80},[66,118917,97],{"class":84},[66,118919,118920],{"class":88},"Cherry",[66,118922,85],{"class":84},[66,118924,240],{"class":80},[66,118926,118927],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,118928,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,118930,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,118932,877],{"class":72},[66,118934,77],{"class":76},[66,118936,74641],{"class":154},[66,118938,158],{"class":80},[66,118940,4407],{"class":137},[66,118942,105],{"class":80},[66,118944,21837],{"class":9467},[66,118946,77],{"class":76},[66,118948,3737],{"class":173},[66,118950,50],{"class":80},[66,118952,8933],{"class":784},[66,118954,163],{"class":80},[66,118956,118957,118959,118961,118963],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,118958,155],{"class":154},[66,118960,158],{"class":80},[66,118962,901],{"class":137},[66,118964,163],{"class":80},[20,118966,187],{},[57,118968,118970],{"className":59,"code":118969,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118971,118972],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,118973,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,118975,223],{"class":80},[66,118977,202],{"class":84},[66,118979,4372],{"class":88},[66,118981,202],{"class":84},[66,118983,105],{"class":80},[66,118985,211],{"class":84},[66,118987,83446],{"class":88},[66,118989,202],{"class":84},[66,118991,105],{"class":80},[66,118993,211],{"class":84},[66,118995,118920],{"class":88},[66,118997,202],{"class":84},[66,118999,240],{"class":80},[20,119001,119002,119003,35399,119005,50],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119004,42436],{},[652,119006,3870,119007,3803],{"href":42433},[15,119008,42436],{},[52,119010,119012,10871,119014],{"id":119011},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119013,74507],{},[15,119015,77950],{},[20,119017,119018],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,119020,119021,119026],{},[33,119022,119023,119025],{},[15,119024,74507],{}," returns a new list",[33,119027,119028,74045],{},[15,119029,77950],{},[20,119031,119032],{},"Also:",[30,119034,119035,119040],{},[33,119036,119037,119039],{},[15,119038,74507],{}," works with many iterables",[33,119041,119042,79383],{},[15,119043,77950],{},[20,119045,243,119046,1161],{},[15,119047,74507],{},[30,119049,119050,119053],{},[33,119051,119052],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,119054,119055],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119057,119058,119059,50],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[652,119060,3870,119061,10871,119063,6078],{"href":79208},[15,119062,74507],{},[15,119064,77950],{},[52,119066,119068],{"id":119067},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119070,119071,119072,50],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119073,74507],{},[1430,119075,119077],{"id":119076},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119079,119080,119081,94],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119082,3302],{},[57,119084,119086],{"className":59,"code":119085,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119087,119088,119112],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119089,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108,119110],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119091,4116],{"class":72},[66,119093,77],{"class":76},[66,119095,1711],{"class":80},[66,119097,1714],{"class":117},[66,119099,105],{"class":80},[66,119101,97],{"class":84},[66,119103,2354],{"class":88},[66,119105,85],{"class":84},[66,119107,105],{"class":80},[66,119109,1724],{"class":117},[66,119111,240],{"class":80},[66,119113,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,119115,155],{"class":154},[66,119117,158],{"class":80},[66,119119,74597],{"class":154},[66,119121,158],{"class":80},[66,119123,5655],{"class":137},[66,119125,181],{"class":80},[20,119127,119128],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1430,119130,119132,119133,2600],{"id":119131},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119134,1086],{},[20,119136,119137],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119139,281],{},[57,119141,119143],{"className":59,"code":119142,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119144,119145,119165],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119146,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119148,1706],{"class":72},[66,119150,77],{"class":76},[66,119152,1711],{"class":80},[66,119154,2628],{"class":117},[66,119156,105],{"class":80},[66,119158,1719],{"class":117},[66,119160,105],{"class":80},[66,119162,8088],{"class":117},[66,119164,240],{"class":80},[66,119166,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,119168,155],{"class":154},[66,119170,158],{"class":80},[66,119172,74597],{"class":154},[66,119174,158],{"class":80},[66,119176,1735],{"class":137},[66,119178,105],{"class":80},[66,119180,21837],{"class":9467},[66,119182,77],{"class":76},[66,119184,11445],{"class":154},[66,119186,181],{"class":80},[20,119188,48588,119189,119191],{},[15,119190,42436],{}," does not work on integers.",[1430,119193,119195],{"id":119194},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119197,119198],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[57,119200,119202],{"className":59,"code":119201,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119203,119204,119224,119234,119238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119205,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119207,1706],{"class":72},[66,119209,77],{"class":76},[66,119211,1711],{"class":80},[66,119213,2360],{"class":117},[66,119215,105],{"class":80},[66,119217,1896],{"class":117},[66,119219,105],{"class":80},[66,119221,1719],{"class":117},[66,119223,240],{"class":80},[66,119225,119226,119228,119230,119232],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,119227,74597],{"class":154},[66,119229,158],{"class":80},[66,119231,1735],{"class":137},[66,119233,163],{"class":80},[66,119235,119236],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,119237,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,119239,119240,119242,119244,119246],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,119241,155],{"class":154},[66,119243,158],{"class":80},[66,119245,1735],{"class":137},[66,119247,163],{"class":80},[20,119249,187],{},[57,119251,119253],{"className":59,"code":119252,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119254,119255],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119256,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119258,223],{"class":80},[66,119260,2360],{"class":117},[66,119262,105],{"class":80},[66,119264,1896],{"class":117},[66,119266,105],{"class":80},[66,119268,1719],{"class":117},[66,119270,240],{"class":80},[20,119272,119273],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[52,119275,1838],{"id":1837},[30,119277,119278,119282,119285,119290,119294],{},[33,119279,4875,119280,74045],{},[15,119281,74507],{},[33,119283,119284],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,119286,5000,119287,119289],{},[15,119288,74507],{}," always returns a list",[33,119291,1848,119292,23356],{},[15,119293,118742],{},[33,119295,29715,119296,119298,119299],{},[15,119297,64394],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119300,74507],{},[20,119302,119303],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[57,119305,119307],{"className":59,"code":119306,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119308,119309,119331,119357,119395],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119310,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119312,155],{"class":154},[66,119314,158],{"class":80},[66,119316,74597],{"class":154},[66,119318,199],{"class":80},[66,119320,2360],{"class":117},[66,119322,105],{"class":80},[66,119324,1896],{"class":117},[66,119326,105],{"class":80},[66,119328,1719],{"class":117},[66,119330,3296],{"class":80},[66,119332,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,119334,155],{"class":154},[66,119336,158],{"class":80},[66,119338,912],{"class":173},[66,119340,158],{"class":80},[66,119342,74597],{"class":154},[66,119344,5805],{"class":80},[66,119346,2360],{"class":117},[66,119348,105],{"class":80},[66,119350,1896],{"class":117},[66,119352,105],{"class":80},[66,119354,1719],{"class":117},[66,119356,93450],{"class":80},[66,119358,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,119360,155],{"class":154},[66,119362,158],{"class":80},[66,119364,74597],{"class":154},[66,119366,199],{"class":80},[66,119368,202],{"class":84},[66,119370,83446],{"class":88},[66,119372,202],{"class":84},[66,119374,105],{"class":80},[66,119376,211],{"class":84},[66,119378,4372],{"class":88},[66,119380,202],{"class":84},[66,119382,18323],{"class":80},[66,119384,21837],{"class":9467},[66,119386,77],{"class":76},[66,119388,3737],{"class":173},[66,119390,50],{"class":80},[66,119392,8933],{"class":784},[66,119394,181],{"class":80},[66,119396,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,119398,155],{"class":154},[66,119400,158],{"class":80},[66,119402,74597],{"class":154},[66,119404,199],{"class":80},[66,119406,2360],{"class":117},[66,119408,105],{"class":80},[66,119410,1896],{"class":117},[66,119412,105],{"class":80},[66,119414,1719],{"class":117},[66,119416,18323],{"class":80},[66,119418,78153],{"class":9467},[66,119420,77],{"class":76},[66,119422,1386],{"class":4146},[66,119424,181],{"class":80},[20,119426,119427,119428,50],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[652,119429,52851],{"href":51058},[52,119431,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,119433,12986,119435,57244],{"id":119434},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119436,74507],{},[20,119438,119439],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1430,119441,5438,119443,12998],{"id":119442},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119444,74507],{},[20,119446,119447],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1430,119449,119451,119452,11376,119454,2151],{"id":119450},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119453,74507],{},[15,119455,77950],{},[20,119457,243,119458,119460],{},[15,119459,74507],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1430,119462,5438,119464,86534,119466,2151],{"id":119463},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119465,118742],{},[15,119467,74507],{},[20,119469,119470],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1430,119472,5453,119474,119476,119477,2151],{"id":119473},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119475,74507],{}," give a ",[15,119478,3302],{},[20,119480,119481],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[52,119483,2183],{"id":2182},[30,119485,119486,119490,119498,119502,119508,119514],{},[33,119487,119488],{},[652,119489,79956],{"href":78459},[33,119491,119492],{},[652,119493,3870,119494,10871,119496,6078],{"href":79208},[15,119495,74507],{},[15,119497,77950],{},[33,119499,119500],{},[652,119501,52851],{"href":51058},[33,119503,119504],{},[652,119505,3870,119506,3803],{"href":42433},[15,119507,42436],{},[33,119509,119510],{},[652,119511,3870,119512,3803],{"href":92106},[15,119513,35819],{},[33,119515,119516],{},[652,119517,3870,119518,3803],{"href":36266},[15,119519,36269],{},[2222,119521,119522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":119524},[119525,119526,119528,119531,119532,119539,119541,119543,119545,119551,119552,119564],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":117805,"depth":124,"text":119527},"What sorted() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":119529},[119530],{"id":17657,"depth":144,"text":17658},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":118044,"depth":124,"text":118045,"children":119533},[119534,119535,119536,119537,119538],{"id":174,"depth":144,"text":118053},{"id":49031,"depth":144,"text":118117},{"id":6580,"depth":144,"text":118214},{"id":61256,"depth":144,"text":118278},{"id":15878,"depth":144,"text":29288},{"id":118483,"depth":124,"text":119540},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118739,"depth":124,"text":119542},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119011,"depth":124,"text":119544},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119067,"depth":124,"text":119068,"children":119546},[119547,119548,119550],{"id":119076,"depth":144,"text":119077},{"id":119131,"depth":144,"text":119549},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119194,"depth":144,"text":119195},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":119553},[119554,119556,119558,119560,119562],{"id":119434,"depth":144,"text":119555},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119442,"depth":144,"text":119557},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119450,"depth":144,"text":119559},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119463,"depth":144,"text":119561},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119473,"depth":144,"text":119563},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117707,"description":119565},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119572,"title":119573,"body":119574,"description":121685,"extension":2260,"meta":121686,"navigation":147,"path":79208,"seo":121687,"stem":121688,"__hash__":121689},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119575,"toc":121632},[119576,119583,119586,119596,119602,119605,119623,119631,119633,119692,119700,119704,119726,119730,119734,119736,119753,119755,119767,119773,119857,119861,119908,119914,119921,119925,119930,119932,119944,119949,120002,120006,120026,120033,120040,120044,120047,120066,120070,120184,120188,120258,120260,120272,120277,120281,120294,120298,120373,120377,120416,120423,120429,120434,120438,120452,120456,120521,120525,120558,120561,120566,120574,120581,120594,120597,120601,120684,120688,120725,120729,120832,120836,120897,120902,120909,120913,120916,120922,120925,120992,120996,121020,121022,121040,121047,121100,121104,121124,121130,121132,121189,121196,121222,121227,121232,121240,121246,121306,121310,121357,121360,121362,121365,121391,121394,121487,121489,121509,121513,121516,121534,121540,121542,121550,121555,121562,121565,121571,121574,121580,121588,121596,121601,121603,121629],[10,119577,3870,119579,10871,119581,93164],{"id":119578},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119580,74507],{},[15,119582,77950],{},[20,119584,119585],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119587,119588,119592],{},[33,119589,119590],{},[15,119591,74507],{},[33,119593,119594],{},[15,119595,77950],{},[20,119597,119598,119599,119601],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[185,119600,4926],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119603,119604],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119606,119607,119615],{},[33,119608,243,119609,119611,119612],{},[15,119610,74507],{}," when you want a ",[185,119613,119614],{},"new sorted result",[33,119616,243,119617,119619,119620],{},[15,119618,77950],{}," when you want to ",[185,119621,119622],{},"change the original list",[20,119624,119625,119626,2695,119628,119630],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119627,77950],{},[15,119629,4071],{}," and causes confusion.",[52,119632,3903],{"id":3902},[57,119634,119636],{"className":59,"code":119635,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119637,119638,119658,119662,119679],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119639,119640,119642,119644,119646,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119641,1706],{"class":72},[66,119643,77],{"class":76},[66,119645,1711],{"class":80},[66,119647,2360],{"class":117},[66,119649,105],{"class":80},[66,119651,1896],{"class":117},[66,119653,105],{"class":80},[66,119655,1719],{"class":117},[66,119657,240],{"class":80},[66,119659,119660],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,119661,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,119663,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,119665,55970],{"class":72},[66,119667,77],{"class":76},[66,119669,74641],{"class":154},[66,119671,158],{"class":80},[66,119673,1735],{"class":137},[66,119675,3954],{"class":80},[66,119677,119678],{"class":1945},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[66,119680,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,119682,1735],{"class":72},[66,119684,50],{"class":80},[66,119686,34868],{"class":137},[66,119688,7659],{"class":80},[66,119690,119691],{"class":1945},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119693,243,119694,119696,119697,119699],{},[15,119695,74507],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119698,77950],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[52,119701,119703],{"id":119702},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119705,119706,119711,119716,119723],{},[33,119707,243,119708,119710],{},[15,119709,74507],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119712,243,119713,119715],{},[15,119714,77950],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119717,119718,119719,2695,119721],{},"Understand why ",[15,119720,77950],{},[15,119722,4071],{},[33,119724,119725],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[52,119727,250,119728,253],{"id":117805},[15,119729,74507],{},[20,119731,119732,63008],{},[15,119733,74507],{},[20,119735,49005],{},[30,119737,119738,119744,119750],{},[33,119739,119740,119741],{},"returns a ",[185,119742,119743],{},"new list",[33,119745,119746,119747,119749],{},"does ",[185,119748,4926],{}," change the original data",[33,119751,119752],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119754,51212],{},[30,119756,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765],{},[33,119758,5596],{},[33,119760,5599],{},[33,119762,5605],{},[33,119764,5602],{},[33,119766,35980],{},[1430,119768,35147,119770,119772],{"id":119769},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119771,74507],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[57,119774,119776],{"className":59,"code":119775,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119777,119778,119798,119802,119816,119820,119838],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119779,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794,119796],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119781,1706],{"class":72},[66,119783,77],{"class":76},[66,119785,1711],{"class":80},[66,119787,2360],{"class":117},[66,119789,105],{"class":80},[66,119791,1896],{"class":117},[66,119793,105],{"class":80},[66,119795,1719],{"class":117},[66,119797,240],{"class":80},[66,119799,119800],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,119801,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,119803,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,119805,877],{"class":72},[66,119807,77],{"class":76},[66,119809,74641],{"class":154},[66,119811,158],{"class":80},[66,119813,1735],{"class":137},[66,119815,163],{"class":80},[66,119817,119818],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,119819,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,119821,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834,119836],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,119823,155],{"class":154},[66,119825,158],{"class":80},[66,119827,85],{"class":84},[66,119829,12435],{"class":88},[66,119831,85],{"class":84},[66,119833,105],{"class":80},[66,119835,4557],{"class":137},[66,119837,163],{"class":80},[66,119839,119840,119842,119844,119846,119849,119851,119853,119855],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,119841,155],{"class":154},[66,119843,158],{"class":80},[66,119845,85],{"class":84},[66,119847,119848],{"class":88},"sorted result:",[66,119850,85],{"class":84},[66,119852,105],{"class":80},[66,119854,81300],{"class":137},[66,119856,163],{"class":80},[20,119858,119859],{},[185,119860,187],{},[57,119862,119864],{"className":59,"code":119863,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119865,119866,119886],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119867,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119869,12414],{"class":72},[66,119871,94],{"class":80},[66,119873,1711],{"class":80},[66,119875,2360],{"class":117},[66,119877,105],{"class":80},[66,119879,1896],{"class":117},[66,119881,105],{"class":80},[66,119883,1719],{"class":117},[66,119885,240],{"class":80},[66,119887,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,119889,74597],{"class":154},[66,119891,81300],{"class":72},[66,119893,94],{"class":80},[66,119895,1711],{"class":80},[66,119897,1714],{"class":117},[66,119899,105],{"class":80},[66,119901,1719],{"class":117},[66,119903,105],{"class":80},[66,119905,1724],{"class":117},[66,119907,240],{"class":80},[20,119909,119910,119911,119913],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119912,1735],{}," stays the same.",[20,119915,119916,119917,50],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[652,119918,3870,119919,3803],{"href":74604},[15,119920,74507],{},[52,119922,250,119923,253],{"id":78016},[15,119924,77950],{},[20,119926,119927,119929],{},[15,119928,64394],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119931,49005],{},[30,119933,119934,119937,119940],{},[33,119935,119936],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119938,119939],{},"only works on lists",[33,119941,3984,119942],{},[15,119943,4071],{},[1430,119945,35147,119947,74045],{"id":119946},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119948,77950],{},[57,119950,119952],{"className":59,"code":119951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119953,119954,119974,119978,119988,119992],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,119955,119956,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968,119970,119972],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,119957,1706],{"class":72},[66,119959,77],{"class":76},[66,119961,1711],{"class":80},[66,119963,2360],{"class":117},[66,119965,105],{"class":80},[66,119967,1896],{"class":117},[66,119969,105],{"class":80},[66,119971,1719],{"class":117},[66,119973,240],{"class":80},[66,119975,119976],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,119977,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,119979,119980,119982,119984,119986],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,119981,1735],{"class":72},[66,119983,50],{"class":80},[66,119985,34868],{"class":137},[66,119987,141],{"class":80},[66,119989,119990],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,119991,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,119993,119994,119996,119998,120000],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,119995,155],{"class":154},[66,119997,158],{"class":80},[66,119999,1735],{"class":137},[66,120001,163],{"class":80},[20,120003,120004],{},[185,120005,187],{},[57,120007,120008],{"className":59,"code":55230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,120009,120010],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120011,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120013,223],{"class":80},[66,120015,1714],{"class":117},[66,120017,105],{"class":80},[66,120019,1719],{"class":117},[66,120021,105],{"class":80},[66,120023,1724],{"class":117},[66,120025,240],{"class":80},[20,120027,120028,120029,120032],{},"After calling ",[15,120030,120031],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120034,120035,120036,50],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[652,120037,3870,120038,978],{"href":74858},[15,120039,77950],{},[52,120041,120043],{"id":120042},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120045,120046],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,120048,120049,120058],{},[33,120050,120051,120054,120055],{},[15,120052,120053],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[185,120056,120057],{},"new sorted list",[33,120059,120060,120063,120064,74415],{},[15,120061,120062],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120065,8632],{},[1430,120067,120069],{"id":120068},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[57,120071,120073],{"className":59,"code":120072,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120074,120075,120095,120099,120113,120132,120151,120155,120165],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120076,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091,120093],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120078,1706],{"class":72},[66,120080,77],{"class":76},[66,120082,1711],{"class":80},[66,120084,2433],{"class":117},[66,120086,105],{"class":80},[66,120088,1719],{"class":117},[66,120090,105],{"class":80},[66,120092,2755],{"class":117},[66,120094,240],{"class":80},[66,120096,120097],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120098,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120100,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,120102,2853],{"class":72},[66,120104,77],{"class":76},[66,120106,74641],{"class":154},[66,120108,158],{"class":80},[66,120110,1735],{"class":137},[66,120112,163],{"class":80},[66,120114,120115,120117,120119,120121,120124,120126,120128,120130],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,120116,155],{"class":154},[66,120118,158],{"class":80},[66,120120,85],{"class":84},[66,120122,120123],{"class":88},"numbers after sorted():",[66,120125,85],{"class":84},[66,120127,105],{"class":80},[66,120129,4557],{"class":137},[66,120131,163],{"class":80},[66,120133,120134,120136,120138,120140,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,120135,155],{"class":154},[66,120137,158],{"class":80},[66,120139,85],{"class":84},[66,120141,120142],{"class":88},"a:",[66,120144,85],{"class":84},[66,120146,105],{"class":80},[66,120148,56968],{"class":137},[66,120150,163],{"class":80},[66,120152,120153],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,120154,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120156,120157,120159,120161,120163],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,120158,1735],{"class":72},[66,120160,50],{"class":80},[66,120162,34868],{"class":137},[66,120164,141],{"class":80},[66,120166,120167,120169,120171,120173,120176,120178,120180,120182],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,120168,155],{"class":154},[66,120170,158],{"class":80},[66,120172,85],{"class":84},[66,120174,120175],{"class":88},"numbers after sort():",[66,120177,85],{"class":84},[66,120179,105],{"class":80},[66,120181,4557],{"class":137},[66,120183,163],{"class":80},[20,120185,120186],{},[185,120187,187],{},[57,120189,120191],{"className":59,"code":120190,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120192,120193,120216,120236],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120194,120195,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120196,120197],{"class":72},"numbers after ",[66,120199,74597],{"class":154},[66,120201,29649],{"class":80},[66,120203,1711],{"class":80},[66,120205,2433],{"class":117},[66,120207,105],{"class":80},[66,120209,1719],{"class":117},[66,120211,105],{"class":80},[66,120213,2755],{"class":117},[66,120215,240],{"class":80},[66,120217,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120219,652],{"class":72},[66,120221,94],{"class":80},[66,120223,1711],{"class":80},[66,120225,2354],{"class":117},[66,120227,105],{"class":80},[66,120229,2755],{"class":117},[66,120231,105],{"class":80},[66,120233,1231],{"class":117},[66,120235,240],{"class":80},[66,120237,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,120239,120197],{"class":72},[66,120241,34868],{"class":137},[66,120243,29649],{"class":80},[66,120245,1711],{"class":80},[66,120247,2354],{"class":117},[66,120249,105],{"class":80},[66,120251,2755],{"class":117},[66,120253,105],{"class":80},[66,120255,1231],{"class":117},[66,120257,240],{"class":80},[20,120259,10998],{},[30,120261,120262,120267],{},[33,120263,120264,120266],{},[15,120265,74507],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,120268,120269,120271],{},[15,120270,64394],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[52,120273,1154,120275],{"id":120274},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120276,74507],{},[20,120278,243,120279,1161],{},[15,120280,74507],{},[30,120282,120283,120286,120288,120291],{},[33,120284,120285],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,120287,119055],{},[33,120289,120290],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,120292,120293],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1430,120295,120297],{"id":120296},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[57,120299,120301],{"className":59,"code":120300,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120302,120303,120327,120331,120345,120349,120359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120304,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120306,1706],{"class":72},[66,120308,77],{"class":76},[66,120310,9527],{"class":80},[66,120312,2803],{"class":117},[66,120314,105],{"class":80},[66,120316,1896],{"class":117},[66,120318,105],{"class":80},[66,120320,1724],{"class":117},[66,120322,105],{"class":80},[66,120324,1719],{"class":117},[66,120326,163],{"class":80},[66,120328,120329],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120330,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120332,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,120334,877],{"class":72},[66,120336,77],{"class":76},[66,120338,74641],{"class":154},[66,120340,158],{"class":80},[66,120342,1735],{"class":137},[66,120344,163],{"class":80},[66,120346,120347],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,120348,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120350,120351,120353,120355,120357],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,120352,155],{"class":154},[66,120354,158],{"class":80},[66,120356,901],{"class":137},[66,120358,163],{"class":80},[66,120360,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,120362,155],{"class":154},[66,120364,158],{"class":80},[66,120366,912],{"class":173},[66,120368,158],{"class":80},[66,120370,901],{"class":137},[66,120372,181],{"class":80},[20,120374,120375],{},[185,120376,187],{},[57,120378,120380],{"className":59,"code":120379,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120381,120382,120402],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120383,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120385,223],{"class":80},[66,120387,1714],{"class":117},[66,120389,105],{"class":80},[66,120391,1719],{"class":117},[66,120393,105],{"class":80},[66,120395,1724],{"class":117},[66,120397,105],{"class":80},[66,120399,2755],{"class":117},[66,120401,240],{"class":80},[66,120403,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120405,954],{"class":76},[66,120407,958],{"class":957},[66,120409,211],{"class":84},[66,120411,174],{"class":88},[66,120413,202],{"class":84},[66,120415,967],{"class":76},[20,120417,2583,120418,120420,120421,50],{},[15,120419,74507],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[185,120422,174],{},[20,120424,120425,120426,120428],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[652,120427,52851],{"href":51058}," is a helpful next step.",[52,120430,1154,120432],{"id":120431},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120433,77950],{},[20,120435,243,120436,1161],{},[15,120437,77950],{},[30,120439,120440,120443,120446,120449],{},[33,120441,120442],{},"you already have a list",[33,120444,120445],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120447,120448],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120450,120451],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1430,120453,120455],{"id":120454},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[57,120457,120459],{"className":59,"code":120458,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120460,120461,120493,120497,120507,120511],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120462,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120464,5290],{"class":72},[66,120466,77],{"class":76},[66,120468,1711],{"class":80},[66,120470,85],{"class":84},[66,120472,5317],{"class":88},[66,120474,85],{"class":84},[66,120476,105],{"class":80},[66,120478,97],{"class":84},[66,120480,5299],{"class":88},[66,120482,85],{"class":84},[66,120484,105],{"class":80},[66,120486,97],{"class":84},[66,120488,5308],{"class":88},[66,120490,85],{"class":84},[66,120492,240],{"class":80},[66,120494,120495],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120496,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120498,120499,120501,120503,120505],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,120500,5334],{"class":72},[66,120502,50],{"class":80},[66,120504,34868],{"class":137},[66,120506,141],{"class":80},[66,120508,120509],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,120510,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120512,120513,120515,120517,120519],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,120514,155],{"class":154},[66,120516,158],{"class":80},[66,120518,5334],{"class":137},[66,120520,163],{"class":80},[20,120522,120523],{},[185,120524,187],{},[57,120526,120528],{"className":59,"code":120527,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120529,120530],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120531,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120533,223],{"class":80},[66,120535,202],{"class":84},[66,120537,5299],{"class":88},[66,120539,202],{"class":84},[66,120541,105],{"class":80},[66,120543,211],{"class":84},[66,120545,5308],{"class":88},[66,120547,202],{"class":84},[66,120549,105],{"class":80},[66,120551,211],{"class":84},[66,120553,5317],{"class":88},[66,120555,202],{"class":84},[66,120557,240],{"class":80},[20,120559,120560],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120562,120563,120564,50],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[652,120565,79956],{"href":78459},[52,120567,120569,4688,120571,120573],{"id":120568},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120570,73660],{},[15,120572,1086],{}," work with both",[20,120575,10876,120576,4688,120578,120580],{},[15,120577,74507],{},[15,120579,77950],{}," support:",[30,120582,120583,120588],{},[33,120584,120585,120587],{},[15,120586,78174],{}," for descending order",[33,120589,120590,120593],{},[15,120591,120592],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120595,120596],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1430,120598,120600],{"id":120599},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[57,120602,120604],{"className":59,"code":120603,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120605,120606,120626,120630,120652,120656,120674],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120607,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120609,1706],{"class":72},[66,120611,77],{"class":76},[66,120613,1711],{"class":80},[66,120615,2360],{"class":117},[66,120617,105],{"class":80},[66,120619,1896],{"class":117},[66,120621,105],{"class":80},[66,120623,1719],{"class":117},[66,120625,240],{"class":80},[66,120627,120628],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120629,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120631,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,120633,155],{"class":154},[66,120635,158],{"class":80},[66,120637,74597],{"class":154},[66,120639,158],{"class":80},[66,120641,1735],{"class":137},[66,120643,105],{"class":80},[66,120645,78153],{"class":9467},[66,120647,77],{"class":76},[66,120649,1386],{"class":4146},[66,120651,181],{"class":80},[66,120653,120654],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,120655,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120657,120658,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,120659,1735],{"class":72},[66,120661,50],{"class":80},[66,120663,34868],{"class":137},[66,120665,158],{"class":80},[66,120667,73660],{"class":9467},[66,120669,77],{"class":76},[66,120671,1386],{"class":4146},[66,120673,163],{"class":80},[66,120675,120676,120678,120680,120682],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,120677,155],{"class":154},[66,120679,158],{"class":80},[66,120681,1735],{"class":137},[66,120683,163],{"class":80},[20,120685,120686],{},[185,120687,187],{},[57,120689,120691],{"className":59,"code":120690,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120692,120693,120709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120694,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120696,223],{"class":80},[66,120698,2360],{"class":117},[66,120700,105],{"class":80},[66,120702,1719],{"class":117},[66,120704,105],{"class":80},[66,120706,1896],{"class":117},[66,120708,240],{"class":80},[66,120710,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721,120723],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120712,223],{"class":80},[66,120714,2360],{"class":117},[66,120716,105],{"class":80},[66,120718,1719],{"class":117},[66,120720,105],{"class":80},[66,120722,1896],{"class":117},[66,120724,240],{"class":80},[1430,120726,120728],{"id":120727},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[57,120730,120732],{"className":59,"code":120731,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120733,120734,120766,120770,120796,120800,120822],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120735,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120737,4363],{"class":72},[66,120739,77],{"class":76},[66,120741,1711],{"class":80},[66,120743,85],{"class":84},[66,120745,83446],{"class":88},[66,120747,85],{"class":84},[66,120749,105],{"class":80},[66,120751,97],{"class":84},[66,120753,4372],{"class":88},[66,120755,85],{"class":84},[66,120757,105],{"class":80},[66,120759,97],{"class":84},[66,120761,118920],{"class":88},[66,120763,85],{"class":84},[66,120765,240],{"class":80},[66,120767,120768],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120769,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120771,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,120773,155],{"class":154},[66,120775,158],{"class":80},[66,120777,74597],{"class":154},[66,120779,158],{"class":80},[66,120781,4407],{"class":137},[66,120783,105],{"class":80},[66,120785,21837],{"class":9467},[66,120787,77],{"class":76},[66,120789,3737],{"class":173},[66,120791,50],{"class":80},[66,120793,8933],{"class":784},[66,120795,181],{"class":80},[66,120797,120798],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,120799,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120801,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818,120820],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,120803,4407],{"class":72},[66,120805,50],{"class":80},[66,120807,34868],{"class":137},[66,120809,158],{"class":80},[66,120811,1086],{"class":9467},[66,120813,77],{"class":76},[66,120815,3737],{"class":173},[66,120817,50],{"class":80},[66,120819,8933],{"class":784},[66,120821,163],{"class":80},[66,120823,120824,120826,120828,120830],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,120825,155],{"class":154},[66,120827,158],{"class":80},[66,120829,4407],{"class":137},[66,120831,163],{"class":80},[20,120833,120834],{},[185,120835,187],{},[57,120837,120839],{"className":59,"code":120838,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120840,120841,120869],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120842,120843,120845,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865,120867],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120844,223],{"class":80},[66,120846,202],{"class":84},[66,120848,4372],{"class":88},[66,120850,202],{"class":84},[66,120852,105],{"class":80},[66,120854,211],{"class":84},[66,120856,83446],{"class":88},[66,120858,202],{"class":84},[66,120860,105],{"class":80},[66,120862,211],{"class":84},[66,120864,118920],{"class":88},[66,120866,202],{"class":84},[66,120868,240],{"class":80},[66,120870,120871,120873,120875,120877,120879,120881,120883,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120872,223],{"class":80},[66,120874,202],{"class":84},[66,120876,4372],{"class":88},[66,120878,202],{"class":84},[66,120880,105],{"class":80},[66,120882,211],{"class":84},[66,120884,83446],{"class":88},[66,120886,202],{"class":84},[66,120888,105],{"class":80},[66,120890,211],{"class":84},[66,120892,118920],{"class":88},[66,120894,202],{"class":84},[66,120896,240],{"class":80},[20,120898,1848,120899,120901],{},[15,120900,78668],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120903,120904,120905,50],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[652,120906,120908],{"href":120907},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[52,120910,120912],{"id":120911},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120914,120915],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1430,120917,120919,120920,12879],{"id":120918},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120921,77950],{},[20,120923,120924],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[57,120926,120928],{"className":59,"code":120927,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120929,120930,120950,120954,120968,120972,120982],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,120931,120932,120934,120936,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946,120948],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,120933,1706],{"class":72},[66,120935,77],{"class":76},[66,120937,1711],{"class":80},[66,120939,2360],{"class":117},[66,120941,105],{"class":80},[66,120943,1896],{"class":117},[66,120945,105],{"class":80},[66,120947,1719],{"class":117},[66,120949,240],{"class":80},[66,120951,120952],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,120953,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120955,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,120957,877],{"class":72},[66,120959,77],{"class":76},[66,120961,4557],{"class":72},[66,120963,50],{"class":80},[66,120965,34868],{"class":137},[66,120967,141],{"class":80},[66,120969,120970],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,120971,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,120973,120974,120976,120978,120980],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,120975,155],{"class":154},[66,120977,158],{"class":80},[66,120979,901],{"class":137},[66,120981,163],{"class":80},[66,120983,120984,120986,120988,120990],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,120985,155],{"class":154},[66,120987,158],{"class":80},[66,120989,1735],{"class":137},[66,120991,163],{"class":80},[20,120993,120994],{},[185,120995,187],{},[57,120997,120998],{"className":59,"code":79291,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,120999,121000,121004],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121001,121002],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121003,12089],{"class":4146},[66,121005,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121007,223],{"class":80},[66,121009,1714],{"class":117},[66,121011,105],{"class":80},[66,121013,1719],{"class":117},[66,121015,105],{"class":80},[66,121017,1724],{"class":117},[66,121019,240],{"class":80},[20,121021,12181],{},[30,121023,121024,121029,121034],{},[33,121025,121026,121028],{},[15,121027,120031],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,121030,35084,121031,121033],{},[185,121032,4926],{}," return the sorted list",[33,121035,90070,121036,42230,121038],{},[15,121037,901],{},[15,121039,4071],{},[1430,121041,121043,121044,121046],{"id":121042},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121045,74507],{}," to change the original list",[57,121048,121050],{"className":59,"code":121049,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121051,121052,121072,121076,121086,121090],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121053,121054,121056,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066,121068,121070],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121055,1706],{"class":72},[66,121057,77],{"class":76},[66,121059,1711],{"class":80},[66,121061,2360],{"class":117},[66,121063,105],{"class":80},[66,121065,1896],{"class":117},[66,121067,105],{"class":80},[66,121069,1719],{"class":117},[66,121071,240],{"class":80},[66,121073,121074],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121075,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,121077,121078,121080,121082,121084],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,121079,74597],{"class":154},[66,121081,158],{"class":80},[66,121083,1735],{"class":137},[66,121085,163],{"class":80},[66,121087,121088],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,121089,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,121091,121092,121094,121096,121098],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,121093,155],{"class":154},[66,121095,158],{"class":80},[66,121097,1735],{"class":137},[66,121099,163],{"class":80},[20,121101,121102],{},[185,121103,187],{},[57,121105,121106],{"className":59,"code":119252,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,121107,121108],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121109,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120,121122],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121111,223],{"class":80},[66,121113,2360],{"class":117},[66,121115,105],{"class":80},[66,121117,1896],{"class":117},[66,121119,105],{"class":80},[66,121121,1719],{"class":117},[66,121123,240],{"class":80},[20,121125,121126,121129],{},[15,121127,121128],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121131,11091],{},[57,121133,121135],{"className":59,"code":121134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121136,121137,121157,121161,121175,121179],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121138,121139,121141,121143,121145,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121140,1706],{"class":72},[66,121142,77],{"class":76},[66,121144,1711],{"class":80},[66,121146,2360],{"class":117},[66,121148,105],{"class":80},[66,121150,1896],{"class":117},[66,121152,105],{"class":80},[66,121154,1719],{"class":117},[66,121156,240],{"class":80},[66,121158,121159],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121160,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,121162,121163,121165,121167,121169,121171,121173],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,121164,55722],{"class":72},[66,121166,77],{"class":76},[66,121168,74641],{"class":154},[66,121170,158],{"class":80},[66,121172,1735],{"class":137},[66,121174,163],{"class":80},[66,121176,121177],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,121178,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,121180,121181,121183,121185,121187],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,121182,155],{"class":154},[66,121184,158],{"class":80},[66,121186,55741],{"class":137},[66,121188,163],{"class":80},[1430,121190,121192,121193,121195],{"id":121191},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121194,64394],{}," on a tuple or string",[57,121197,121198],{"className":59,"code":79393,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,121199,121200,121212],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121201,121202,121204,121206,121208,121210],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121203,34756],{"class":72},[66,121205,77],{"class":76},[66,121207,97],{"class":84},[66,121209,61],{"class":88},[66,121211,376],{"class":84},[66,121213,121214,121216,121218,121220],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121215,34777],{"class":72},[66,121217,50],{"class":80},[66,121219,34868],{"class":137},[66,121221,141],{"class":80},[20,121223,121224,121225,33668],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121226,64394],{},[20,121228,121229,121231],{},[15,121230,64394],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121233,121234,121235,121237,121238,50],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121236,74507],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[652,121239,5432],{"href":5881},[1430,121241,121243,121244,119289],{"id":121242},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121245,74507],{},[57,121247,121249],{"className":59,"code":121248,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121250,121251,121264,121278,121282,121292],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121252,121253,121255,121257,121259,121262],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121254,34756],{"class":72},[66,121256,77],{"class":76},[66,121258,97],{"class":84},[66,121260,121261],{"class":88},"cab",[66,121263,376],{"class":84},[66,121265,121266,121268,121270,121272,121274,121276],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121267,877],{"class":72},[66,121269,77],{"class":76},[66,121271,74641],{"class":154},[66,121273,158],{"class":80},[66,121275,34777],{"class":137},[66,121277,163],{"class":80},[66,121279,121280],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,121281,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,121283,121284,121286,121288,121290],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,121285,155],{"class":154},[66,121287,158],{"class":80},[66,121289,901],{"class":137},[66,121291,163],{"class":80},[66,121293,121294,121296,121298,121300,121302,121304],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,121295,155],{"class":154},[66,121297,158],{"class":80},[66,121299,912],{"class":173},[66,121301,158],{"class":80},[66,121303,901],{"class":137},[66,121305,181],{"class":80},[20,121307,121308],{},[185,121309,187],{},[57,121311,121313],{"className":59,"code":121312,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121314,121315,121343],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121316,121317,121319,121321,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339,121341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121318,223],{"class":80},[66,121320,202],{"class":84},[66,121322,652],{"class":88},[66,121324,202],{"class":84},[66,121326,105],{"class":80},[66,121328,211],{"class":84},[66,121330,1903],{"class":88},[66,121332,202],{"class":84},[66,121334,105],{"class":80},[66,121336,211],{"class":84},[66,121338,10027],{"class":88},[66,121340,202],{"class":84},[66,121342,240],{"class":80},[66,121344,121345,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121346,954],{"class":76},[66,121348,958],{"class":957},[66,121350,211],{"class":84},[66,121352,174],{"class":88},[66,121354,202],{"class":84},[66,121356,967],{"class":76},[20,121358,121359],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[52,121361,113810],{"id":113809},[20,121363,121364],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,121366,121367,121370,121375,121380,121386],{},[33,121368,121369],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,121371,121372,121373,53724],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121374,64394],{},[33,121376,121377,121378,12879],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121379,77950],{},[33,121381,121382,121383,121385],{},"trying to use ",[15,121384,64394],{}," on non-list data types",[33,121387,50584,121388,121390],{},[15,121389,74507],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121392,121393],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[57,121395,121397],{"className":59,"code":121396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121398,121399,121409,121423,121448,121463,121473],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121400,121401,121403,121405,121407],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121402,155],{"class":154},[66,121404,158],{"class":80},[66,121406,8632],{"class":137},[66,121408,163],{"class":80},[66,121410,121411,121413,121415,121417,121419,121421],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121412,155],{"class":154},[66,121414,158],{"class":80},[66,121416,74597],{"class":154},[66,121418,158],{"class":80},[66,121420,8632],{"class":137},[66,121422,181],{"class":80},[66,121424,121425,121427,121429,121431,121433,121435,121437,121440,121442,121444,121446],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,121426,877],{"class":72},[66,121428,77],{"class":76},[66,121430,8689],{"class":72},[66,121432,50],{"class":80},[66,121434,34868],{"class":137},[66,121436,7659],{"class":80},[66,121438,121439],{"class":72},"; ",[66,121441,155],{"class":154},[66,121443,158],{"class":80},[66,121445,901],{"class":137},[66,121447,163],{"class":80},[66,121449,121450,121452,121454,121456,121458,121461],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,121451,155],{"class":154},[66,121453,158],{"class":80},[66,121455,912],{"class":173},[66,121457,158],{"class":80},[66,121459,121460],{"class":137},"my_data",[66,121462,181],{"class":80},[66,121464,121465,121467,121469,121471],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,121466,32219],{"class":154},[66,121468,158],{"class":80},[66,121470,74597],{"class":154},[66,121472,163],{"class":80},[66,121474,121475,121477,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,121476,32219],{"class":154},[66,121478,158],{"class":80},[66,121480,174],{"class":173},[66,121482,50],{"class":80},[66,121484,34868],{"class":784},[66,121486,163],{"class":80},[20,121488,84456],{},[30,121490,121491,121494,121498,121506],{},[33,121492,121493],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121495,2105,121496,2108],{},[15,121497,74507],{},[33,121499,121500,121501,121503,121504],{},"whether ",[15,121502,64394],{}," returned ",[15,121505,4071],{},[33,121507,121508],{},"what type of object you are working with",[52,121510,121512],{"id":121511},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121514,121515],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121517,121518,121526],{},[33,121519,121520,121521,121523,121524],{},"Need a ",[185,121522,119614],{},": use ",[15,121525,74507],{},[33,121527,121528,121529,121523,121532],{},"Need to ",[185,121530,121531],{},"change one list directly",[15,121533,77950],{},[20,121535,121536,121537,121539],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121538,74507],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[52,121541,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,121543,121545,121546,3176,121548,2151],{"id":121544},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121547,74507],{},[15,121549,77950],{},[20,121551,121552,121554],{},[15,121553,74507],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1430,121556,5453,121558,5456,121560,2151],{"id":121557},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121559,77950],{},[15,121561,4071],{},[20,121563,121564],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1430,121566,5465,121568,121570],{"id":121567},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121569,74507],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121572,121573],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1430,121575,28393,121577,121579],{"id":121576},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121578,64394],{}," on a string?",[20,121581,46442,121582,121584,121585,40003],{},[15,121583,64394],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121586,121587],{},"sorted(string)",[1430,121589,12100,121591,4688,121593,121595],{"id":121590},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121592,74507],{},[15,121594,64394],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121597,121598,121599,50],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121600,78174],{},[52,121602,2183],{"id":2182},[30,121604,121605,121611,121617,121621,121625],{},[33,121606,121607],{},[652,121608,3870,121609,3803],{"href":74604},[15,121610,74507],{},[33,121612,121613],{},[652,121614,3870,121615,978],{"href":74858},[15,121616,77950],{},[33,121618,121619],{},[652,121620,79956],{"href":78459},[33,121622,121623],{},[652,121624,120908],{"href":120907},[33,121626,121627],{},[652,121628,52851],{"href":51058},[2222,121630,121631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":121633},[121634,121635,121636,121640,121644,121647,121651,121655,121660,121670,121671,121672,121684],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":119702,"depth":124,"text":119703},{"id":117805,"depth":124,"text":119527,"children":121637},[121638],{"id":119769,"depth":144,"text":121639},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78016,"depth":124,"text":79978,"children":121641},[121642],{"id":119946,"depth":144,"text":121643},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120042,"depth":124,"text":120043,"children":121645},[121646],{"id":120068,"depth":144,"text":120069},{"id":120274,"depth":124,"text":121648,"children":121649},"When to use sorted()",[121650],{"id":120296,"depth":144,"text":120297},{"id":120431,"depth":124,"text":121652,"children":121653},"When to use list.sort()",[121654],{"id":120454,"depth":144,"text":120455},{"id":120568,"depth":124,"text":121656,"children":121657},"reverse and key work with both",[121658,121659],{"id":120599,"depth":144,"text":120600},{"id":120727,"depth":144,"text":120728},{"id":120911,"depth":124,"text":120912,"children":121661},[121662,121664,121666,121668],{"id":120918,"depth":144,"text":121663},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121042,"depth":144,"text":121665},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121191,"depth":144,"text":121667},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121242,"depth":144,"text":121669},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113809,"depth":124,"text":113810},{"id":121511,"depth":124,"text":121512},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":121673},[121674,121676,121678,121680,121682],{"id":121544,"depth":144,"text":121675},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121557,"depth":144,"text":121677},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121567,"depth":144,"text":121679},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121576,"depth":144,"text":121681},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121590,"depth":144,"text":121683},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119573,"description":121685},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121691,"title":42251,"body":121692,"description":123424,"extension":2260,"meta":123425,"navigation":147,"path":123426,"seo":123427,"stem":123428,"__hash__":123429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121693,"toc":123381},[121694,121699,121704,121710,121712,121767,121771,121794,121799,121804,121809,121811,121842,121845,121859,121861,121863,121878,121883,121887,121890,121941,121945,121959,121966,121970,121974,122029,122033,122056,122060,122116,122120,122143,122147,122202,122206,122229,122233,122300,122304,122339,122345,122350,122355,122357,122371,122373,122447,122451,122471,122476,122483,122486,122498,122500,122569,122573,122610,122613,122638,122645,122654,122657,122669,122675,122681,122683,122689,122694,122773,122777,122818,122822,122824,122851,122854,122877,122880,122886,122889,122926,122938,122945,122947,122998,123001,123033,123036,123038,123045,123047,123062,123064,123121,123125,123149,123151,123156,123172,123179,123183,123186,123269,123279,123281,123286,123289,123295,123298,123304,123307,123313,123316,123323,123331,123333,123378],[10,121695,3870,121697,3874],{"id":121696},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121698,47761],{},[20,121700,32384,121701,121703],{},[15,121702,47761],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121705,121706,121707,121709],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121708,47761],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[52,121711,55],{"id":54},[57,121713,121715],{"className":59,"code":121714,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121716,121717,121725,121739,121743,121753],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121718,121719,121721,121723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121720,21885],{"class":72},[66,121722,77],{"class":76},[66,121724,45302],{"class":117},[66,121726,121727,121729,121731,121733,121735,121737],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121728,34756],{"class":72},[66,121730,77],{"class":76},[66,121732,48982],{"class":173},[66,121734,158],{"class":80},[66,121736,110],{"class":137},[66,121738,163],{"class":80},[66,121740,121741],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,121742,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,121744,121745,121747,121749,121751],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,121746,155],{"class":154},[66,121748,158],{"class":80},[66,121750,34777],{"class":137},[66,121752,163],{"class":80},[66,121754,121755,121757,121759,121761,121763,121765],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,121756,155],{"class":154},[66,121758,158],{"class":80},[66,121760,912],{"class":173},[66,121762,158],{"class":80},[66,121764,34777],{"class":137},[66,121766,181],{"class":80},[20,121768,121769],{},[185,121770,187],{},[57,121772,121774],{"className":59,"code":121773,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121775,121776,121780],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121777,121778],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121779,3008],{"class":117},[66,121781,121782,121784,121786,121788,121790,121792],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121783,954],{"class":76},[66,121785,958],{"class":957},[66,121787,211],{"class":84},[66,121789,3737],{"class":88},[66,121791,202],{"class":84},[66,121793,967],{"class":76},[20,121795,243,121796,121798],{},[15,121797,47761],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[52,121800,250,121802,253],{"id":121801},"what-str-does",[15,121803,47761],{},[20,121805,121806,121808],{},[15,121807,47761],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121810,2404],{},[30,121812,121813,121820,121827,121834],{},[33,121814,121815,121816,42230,121818],{},"An integer like ",[15,121817,2628],{},[15,121819,42201],{},[33,121821,121822,121823,42230,121825],{},"A float like ",[15,121824,40217],{},[15,121826,48172],{},[33,121828,121829,121830,42230,121832],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121831,1386],{},[15,121833,6934],{},[33,121835,121836,121837,42230,121839],{},"A list like ",[15,121838,75329],{},[15,121840,121841],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121843,121844],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121846,121847,121850,121853,121856],{},[33,121848,121849],{},"print it",[33,121851,121852],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121854,121855],{},"save it to a file",[33,121857,121858],{},"use it in messages",[52,121860,2455],{"id":2454},[20,121862,7511],{},[57,121864,121866],{"className":59,"code":121865,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"str(object)\n",[15,121867,121868],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121869,121870,121872,121874,121876],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121871,3737],{"class":173},[66,121873,158],{"class":80},[66,121875,42474],{"class":173},[66,121877,163],{"class":80},[20,121879,21030,121880,121882],{},[15,121881,42474],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121884,121885,8518],{},[15,121886,47761],{},[20,121888,121889],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[57,121891,121893],{"className":59,"code":121892,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121894,121895,121904,121927,121931],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121896,121897,121899,121901],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121898,5391],{"class":72},[66,121900,77],{"class":76},[66,121902,121903],{"class":117}," 100\n",[66,121905,121906,121908,121910,121912,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923,121925],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121907,90090],{"class":72},[66,121909,77],{"class":76},[66,121911,97],{"class":84},[66,121913,121914],{"class":88},"Your score is ",[66,121916,85],{"class":84},[66,121918,2752],{"class":76},[66,121920,48982],{"class":173},[66,121922,158],{"class":80},[66,121924,85603],{"class":137},[66,121926,163],{"class":80},[66,121928,121929],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,121930,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,121932,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,121934,155],{"class":154},[66,121936,158],{"class":80},[66,121938,90107],{"class":137},[66,121940,163],{"class":80},[20,121942,121943],{},[185,121944,187],{},[57,121946,121948],{"className":59,"code":121947,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121949,121950],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121951,121952,121955,121957],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121953,121954],{"class":72},"Your score ",[66,121956,12475],{"class":76},[66,121958,121903],{"class":117},[20,121960,2593,121961,121965],{},[652,121962,121963,2600],{"href":2596},[15,121964,2599],{}," can help you check.",[52,121967,121969],{"id":121968},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1430,121971,121973],{"id":121972},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[57,121975,121977],{"className":59,"code":121976,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121978,121979,121987,122001,122005,122015],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,121980,121981,121983,121985],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,121982,2515],{"class":72},[66,121984,77],{"class":76},[66,121986,2886],{"class":117},[66,121988,121989,121991,121993,121995,121997,121999],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,121990,34756],{"class":72},[66,121992,77],{"class":76},[66,121994,48982],{"class":173},[66,121996,158],{"class":80},[66,121998,2537],{"class":137},[66,122000,163],{"class":80},[66,122002,122003],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122004,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,122006,122007,122009,122011,122013],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122008,155],{"class":154},[66,122010,158],{"class":80},[66,122012,34777],{"class":137},[66,122014,163],{"class":80},[66,122016,122017,122019,122021,122023,122025,122027],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,122018,155],{"class":154},[66,122020,158],{"class":80},[66,122022,912],{"class":173},[66,122024,158],{"class":80},[66,122026,34777],{"class":137},[66,122028,181],{"class":80},[20,122030,122031],{},[185,122032,187],{},[57,122034,122036],{"className":59,"code":122035,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122037,122038,122042],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122039,122040],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122041,2674],{"class":117},[66,122043,122044,122046,122048,122050,122052,122054],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122045,954],{"class":76},[66,122047,958],{"class":957},[66,122049,211],{"class":84},[66,122051,3737],{"class":88},[66,122053,202],{"class":84},[66,122055,967],{"class":76},[1430,122057,122059],{"id":122058},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[57,122061,122063],{"className":59,"code":122062,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122064,122065,122074,122088,122092,122102],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122066,122067,122069,122071],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122068,40461],{"class":72},[66,122070,77],{"class":76},[66,122072,122073],{"class":117}," 3.14\n",[66,122075,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084,122086],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122077,34756],{"class":72},[66,122079,77],{"class":76},[66,122081,48982],{"class":173},[66,122083,158],{"class":80},[66,122085,1210],{"class":137},[66,122087,163],{"class":80},[66,122089,122090],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122091,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,122093,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122095,155],{"class":154},[66,122097,158],{"class":80},[66,122099,34777],{"class":137},[66,122101,163],{"class":80},[66,122103,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,122105,155],{"class":154},[66,122107,158],{"class":80},[66,122109,912],{"class":173},[66,122111,158],{"class":80},[66,122113,34777],{"class":137},[66,122115,181],{"class":80},[20,122117,122118],{},[185,122119,187],{},[57,122121,122123],{"className":59,"code":122122,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122124,122125,122129],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122126,122127],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122128,40251],{"class":117},[66,122130,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122132,954],{"class":76},[66,122134,958],{"class":957},[66,122136,211],{"class":84},[66,122138,3737],{"class":88},[66,122140,202],{"class":84},[66,122142,967],{"class":76},[1430,122144,122146],{"id":122145},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[57,122148,122150],{"className":59,"code":122149,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122151,122152,122160,122174,122178,122188],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122153,122154,122156,122158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122155,2745],{"class":72},[66,122157,77],{"class":76},[66,122159,6715],{"class":4146},[66,122161,122162,122164,122166,122168,122170,122172],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122163,34756],{"class":72},[66,122165,77],{"class":76},[66,122167,48982],{"class":173},[66,122169,158],{"class":80},[66,122171,2771],{"class":137},[66,122173,163],{"class":80},[66,122175,122176],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122177,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,122179,122180,122182,122184,122186],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122181,155],{"class":154},[66,122183,158],{"class":80},[66,122185,34777],{"class":137},[66,122187,163],{"class":80},[66,122189,122190,122192,122194,122196,122198,122200],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,122191,155],{"class":154},[66,122193,158],{"class":80},[66,122195,912],{"class":173},[66,122197,158],{"class":80},[66,122199,34777],{"class":137},[66,122201,181],{"class":80},[20,122203,122204],{},[185,122205,187],{},[57,122207,122209],{"className":59,"code":122208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122210,122211,122215],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122212,122213],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122214,4272],{"class":4146},[66,122216,122217,122219,122221,122223,122225,122227],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122218,954],{"class":76},[66,122220,958],{"class":957},[66,122222,211],{"class":84},[66,122224,3737],{"class":88},[66,122226,202],{"class":84},[66,122228,967],{"class":76},[1430,122230,122232],{"id":122231},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[57,122234,122236],{"className":59,"code":122235,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122237,122238,122258,122272,122276,122286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122239,122240,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250,122252,122254,122256],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122241,8073],{"class":72},[66,122243,77],{"class":76},[66,122245,1711],{"class":80},[66,122247,1714],{"class":117},[66,122249,105],{"class":80},[66,122251,1719],{"class":117},[66,122253,105],{"class":80},[66,122255,1724],{"class":117},[66,122257,240],{"class":80},[66,122259,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122261,34756],{"class":72},[66,122263,77],{"class":76},[66,122265,48982],{"class":173},[66,122267,158],{"class":80},[66,122269,8103],{"class":137},[66,122271,163],{"class":80},[66,122273,122274],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122275,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,122277,122278,122280,122282,122284],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122279,155],{"class":154},[66,122281,158],{"class":80},[66,122283,34777],{"class":137},[66,122285,163],{"class":80},[66,122287,122288,122290,122292,122294,122296,122298],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,122289,155],{"class":154},[66,122291,158],{"class":80},[66,122293,912],{"class":173},[66,122295,158],{"class":80},[66,122297,34777],{"class":137},[66,122299,181],{"class":80},[20,122301,122302],{},[185,122303,187],{},[57,122305,122307],{"className":59,"code":122306,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122308,122309,122325],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122310,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122312,223],{"class":80},[66,122314,1714],{"class":117},[66,122316,105],{"class":80},[66,122318,1719],{"class":117},[66,122320,105],{"class":80},[66,122322,1724],{"class":117},[66,122324,240],{"class":80},[66,122326,122327,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122328,954],{"class":76},[66,122330,958],{"class":957},[66,122332,211],{"class":84},[66,122334,3737],{"class":88},[66,122336,202],{"class":84},[66,122338,967],{"class":76},[20,122340,122341,122342,122344],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[185,122343,4926],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[52,122346,1154,122348],{"id":122347},"when-to-use-str",[15,122349,47761],{},[20,122351,243,122352,122354],{},[15,122353,47761],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122356,36497],{},[30,122358,122359,122362,122365,122368],{},[33,122360,122361],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,122363,122364],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,122366,122367],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,122369,122370],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122372,281],{},[57,122374,122376],{"className":59,"code":122375,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122377,122378,122390,122398,122402,122437],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122379,122380,122382,122384,122386,122388],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122381,8170],{"class":72},[66,122383,77],{"class":76},[66,122385,97],{"class":84},[66,122387,11790],{"class":88},[66,122389,376],{"class":84},[66,122391,122392,122394,122396],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122393,21885],{"class":72},[66,122395,77],{"class":76},[66,122397,45302],{"class":117},[66,122399,122400],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122401,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,122403,122404,122406,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432,122435],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122405,90090],{"class":72},[66,122407,77],{"class":76},[66,122409,36039],{"class":72},[66,122411,2357],{"class":76},[66,122413,97],{"class":84},[66,122415,5079],{"class":88},[66,122417,85],{"class":84},[66,122419,2752],{"class":76},[66,122421,48982],{"class":173},[66,122423,158],{"class":80},[66,122425,110],{"class":137},[66,122427,3954],{"class":80},[66,122429,2752],{"class":76},[66,122431,97],{"class":84},[66,122433,122434],{"class":88}," years old.",[66,122436,376],{"class":84},[66,122438,122439,122441,122443,122445],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,122440,155],{"class":154},[66,122442,158],{"class":80},[66,122444,90107],{"class":137},[66,122446,163],{"class":80},[20,122448,122449],{},[185,122450,187],{},[57,122452,122454],{"className":59,"code":122453,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122455,122456],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122457,122458,122461,122463,122465,122468],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122459,122460],{"class":72},"Maya ",[66,122462,12475],{"class":76},[66,122464,323],{"class":117},[66,122466,122467],{"class":72}," years old",[66,122469,122470],{"class":80},".\n",[20,122472,122473,122474,50],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[652,122475,89776],{"href":89775},[52,122477,122479,10871,122481],{"id":122478},"str-vs-print",[15,122480,47761],{},[15,122482,46529],{},[20,122484,122485],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122487,122488,122493],{},[33,122489,122490,122492],{},[15,122491,47761],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122494,122495,122497],{},[15,122496,46529],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122499,281],{},[57,122501,122503],{"className":59,"code":122502,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122504,122505,122513,122517,122531,122541,122555],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122506,122507,122509,122511],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122508,2745],{"class":72},[66,122510,77],{"class":76},[66,122512,3068],{"class":117},[66,122514,122515],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122516,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,122518,122519,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122520,34756],{"class":72},[66,122522,77],{"class":76},[66,122524,48982],{"class":173},[66,122526,158],{"class":80},[66,122528,2771],{"class":137},[66,122530,163],{"class":80},[66,122532,122533,122535,122537,122539],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122534,155],{"class":154},[66,122536,158],{"class":80},[66,122538,34777],{"class":137},[66,122540,163],{"class":80},[66,122542,122543,122545,122547,122549,122551,122553],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,122544,155],{"class":154},[66,122546,158],{"class":80},[66,122548,912],{"class":173},[66,122550,158],{"class":80},[66,122552,34777],{"class":137},[66,122554,181],{"class":80},[66,122556,122557,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,122558,155],{"class":154},[66,122560,158],{"class":80},[66,122562,912],{"class":173},[66,122564,158],{"class":80},[66,122566,2771],{"class":137},[66,122568,181],{"class":80},[20,122570,122571],{},[185,122572,187],{},[57,122574,122576],{"className":59,"code":122575,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122577,122578,122582,122596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122579,122580],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122581,46689],{"class":117},[66,122583,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122585,954],{"class":76},[66,122587,958],{"class":957},[66,122589,211],{"class":84},[66,122591,3737],{"class":88},[66,122593,202],{"class":84},[66,122595,967],{"class":76},[66,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122599,954],{"class":76},[66,122601,958],{"class":957},[66,122603,211],{"class":84},[66,122605,2486],{"class":88},[66,122607,202],{"class":84},[66,122609,967],{"class":76},[20,122611,122612],{},"Notice:",[30,122614,122615,122621,122626],{},[33,122616,122617,122620],{},[15,122618,122619],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122622,122623,122625],{},[15,122624,46529],{}," only displayed values",[33,122627,122628,122630,122631,122633,122634,61383,122636],{},[15,122629,46529],{}," did not change ",[15,122632,2771],{}," from ",[15,122635,2486],{},[15,122637,3737],{},[20,122639,122640,122641,50],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[652,122642,122643,2600],{"href":46526},[15,122644,46529],{},[52,122646,122648,10871,122650,122653],{"id":122647},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122649,47761],{},[15,122651,122652],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122655,122656],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122658,122659,122664],{},[33,122660,122661,122663],{},[15,122662,47761],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122665,122666,122668],{},[15,122667,122652],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122670,122671,122672,122674],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122673,47761],{}," much more often.",[20,122676,122677,122678,122680],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122679,47761],{}," is usually the right choice.",[52,122682,4814],{"id":4813},[1430,122684,1854,122686,122688],{"id":122685},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122687,47761],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122690,122691,122693],{},[15,122692,47761],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[57,122695,122697],{"className":59,"code":122696,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122698,122699,122707,122721,122725,122735,122749,122759],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122700,122701,122703,122705],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122702,21885],{"class":72},[66,122704,77],{"class":76},[66,122706,45302],{"class":117},[66,122708,122709,122711,122713,122715,122717,122719],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122710,34756],{"class":72},[66,122712,77],{"class":76},[66,122714,48982],{"class":173},[66,122716,158],{"class":80},[66,122718,110],{"class":137},[66,122720,163],{"class":80},[66,122722,122723],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122724,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,122726,122727,122729,122731,122733],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122728,155],{"class":154},[66,122730,158],{"class":80},[66,122732,110],{"class":137},[66,122734,163],{"class":80},[66,122736,122737,122739,122741,122743,122745,122747],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,122738,155],{"class":154},[66,122740,158],{"class":80},[66,122742,912],{"class":173},[66,122744,158],{"class":80},[66,122746,110],{"class":137},[66,122748,181],{"class":80},[66,122750,122751,122753,122755,122757],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,122752,155],{"class":154},[66,122754,158],{"class":80},[66,122756,34777],{"class":137},[66,122758,163],{"class":80},[66,122760,122761,122763,122765,122767,122769,122771],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,122762,155],{"class":154},[66,122764,158],{"class":80},[66,122766,912],{"class":173},[66,122768,158],{"class":80},[66,122770,34777],{"class":137},[66,122772,181],{"class":80},[20,122774,122775],{},[185,122776,187],{},[57,122778,122780],{"className":59,"code":122779,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122781,122782,122786,122800,122804],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122783,122784],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122785,3008],{"class":117},[66,122787,122788,122790,122792,122794,122796,122798],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122789,954],{"class":76},[66,122791,958],{"class":957},[66,122793,211],{"class":84},[66,122795,2486],{"class":88},[66,122797,202],{"class":84},[66,122799,967],{"class":76},[66,122801,122802],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122803,3008],{"class":117},[66,122805,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122807,954],{"class":76},[66,122809,958],{"class":957},[66,122811,211],{"class":84},[66,122813,3737],{"class":88},[66,122815,202],{"class":84},[66,122817,967],{"class":76},[1430,122819,122821],{"id":122820},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122823,6981],{},[57,122825,122827],{"className":59,"code":122826,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122828,122829,122837],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122830,122831,122833,122835],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122832,21885],{"class":72},[66,122834,77],{"class":76},[66,122836,45302],{"class":117},[66,122838,122839,122841,122843,122845,122847,122849],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122840,34756],{"class":72},[66,122842,77],{"class":76},[66,122844,48982],{"class":173},[66,122846,158],{"class":80},[66,122848,110],{"class":137},[66,122850,163],{"class":80},[20,122852,122853],{},"But if you only do this:",[57,122855,122857],{"className":59,"code":122856,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122858,122859,122867],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122860,122861,122863,122865],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122862,21885],{"class":72},[66,122864,77],{"class":76},[66,122866,45302],{"class":117},[66,122868,122869,122871,122873,122875],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122870,3737],{"class":173},[66,122872,158],{"class":80},[66,122874,110],{"class":137},[66,122876,163],{"class":80},[20,122878,122879],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1430,122881,1848,122883,122885],{"id":122882},"using-str-too-early",[15,122884,47761],{}," too early",[20,122887,122888],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[57,122890,122892],{"className":59,"code":122891,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122893,122894,122902,122917,122921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122895,122896,122898,122900],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122897,40461],{"class":72},[66,122899,77],{"class":76},[66,122901,2886],{"class":117},[66,122903,122904,122907,122909,122911,122913,122915],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122905,122906],{"class":72},"text_price ",[66,122908,77],{"class":76},[66,122910,48982],{"class":173},[66,122912,158],{"class":80},[66,122914,1210],{"class":137},[66,122916,163],{"class":80},[66,122918,122919],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,122920,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,122922,122923],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,122924,122925],{"class":1945},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122927,122928,122929,3176,122933,122937],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[652,122930,122931],{"href":3172},[15,122932,3175],{},[652,122934,122935],{"href":3179},[15,122936,3182],{},", depending on the situation.",[1430,122939,1433,122941,122944],{"id":122940},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122942,122943],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122946,64726],{},[57,122948,122950],{"className":59,"code":122949,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122951,122952,122984],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,122953,122954,122956,122958,122960,122962,122964,122966,122968,122970,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,122955,8073],{"class":72},[66,122957,77],{"class":76},[66,122959,1711],{"class":80},[66,122961,85],{"class":84},[66,122963,4372],{"class":88},[66,122965,85],{"class":84},[66,122967,105],{"class":80},[66,122969,97],{"class":84},[66,122971,4381],{"class":88},[66,122973,85],{"class":84},[66,122975,105],{"class":80},[66,122977,97],{"class":84},[66,122979,33288],{"class":88},[66,122981,85],{"class":84},[66,122983,240],{"class":80},[66,122985,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,122987,155],{"class":154},[66,122989,158],{"class":80},[66,122991,3737],{"class":173},[66,122993,158],{"class":80},[66,122995,8103],{"class":137},[66,122997,181],{"class":80},[20,122999,123000],{},"prints:",[57,123002,123003],{"className":59,"code":72919,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123004,123005],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123006,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123008,223],{"class":80},[66,123010,202],{"class":84},[66,123012,4372],{"class":88},[66,123014,202],{"class":84},[66,123016,105],{"class":80},[66,123018,211],{"class":84},[66,123020,4381],{"class":88},[66,123022,202],{"class":84},[66,123024,105],{"class":80},[66,123026,211],{"class":84},[66,123028,33288],{"class":88},[66,123030,202],{"class":84},[66,123032,240],{"class":80},[20,123034,123035],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[52,123037,793],{"id":792},[20,123039,123040,638,123042,50],{},[15,123041,47761],{},[185,123043,123044],{},"new string",[20,123046,261],{},[30,123048,123049,123052,123055],{},[33,123050,123051],{},"It always returns a string",[33,123053,123054],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,123056,8056,123057,123061],{},[652,123058,123059],{"href":2596},[15,123060,2599],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123063,281],{},[57,123065,123067],{"className":59,"code":123066,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123068,123069,123077,123092,123096,123107],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123070,123071,123073,123075],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123072,2745],{"class":72},[66,123074,77],{"class":76},[66,123076,14407],{"class":117},[66,123078,123079,123082,123084,123086,123088,123090],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123080,123081],{"class":72},"converted ",[66,123083,77],{"class":76},[66,123085,48982],{"class":173},[66,123087,158],{"class":80},[66,123089,2771],{"class":137},[66,123091,163],{"class":80},[66,123093,123094],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,123095,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,123097,123098,123100,123102,123105],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,123099,155],{"class":154},[66,123101,158],{"class":80},[66,123103,123104],{"class":137},"converted",[66,123106,163],{"class":80},[66,123108,123109,123111,123113,123115,123117,123119],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,123110,155],{"class":154},[66,123112,158],{"class":80},[66,123114,912],{"class":173},[66,123116,158],{"class":80},[66,123118,123104],{"class":137},[66,123120,181],{"class":80},[20,123122,123123],{},[185,123124,187],{},[57,123126,123128],{"className":59,"code":123127,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123129,123130,123135],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123131,123132],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123133,123134],{"class":117},"99\n",[66,123136,123137,123139,123141,123143,123145,123147],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123138,954],{"class":76},[66,123140,958],{"class":957},[66,123142,211],{"class":84},[66,123144,3737],{"class":88},[66,123146,202],{"class":84},[66,123148,967],{"class":76},[52,123150,113810],{"id":113809},[20,123152,123153,123154,74898],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123155,47761],{},[30,123157,123158,123161,123164,123169],{},[33,123159,123160],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,123162,123163],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,123165,1848,123166,123168],{},[15,123167,47761],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,123170,123171],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123173,123174,123175,50],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[652,123176,1755,123177],{"href":90488},[15,123178,90489],{},[52,123180,123182],{"id":123181},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123184,123185],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[57,123187,123189],{"className":59,"code":123188,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123190,123191,123199,123203,123213,123227,123231,123245,123255],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123192,123193,123195,123197],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123194,2745],{"class":72},[66,123196,77],{"class":76},[66,123198,45302],{"class":117},[66,123200,123201],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123202,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,123204,123205,123207,123209,123211],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,123206,155],{"class":154},[66,123208,158],{"class":80},[66,123210,2771],{"class":137},[66,123212,163],{"class":80},[66,123214,123215,123217,123219,123221,123223,123225],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,123216,155],{"class":154},[66,123218,158],{"class":80},[66,123220,912],{"class":173},[66,123222,158],{"class":80},[66,123224,2771],{"class":137},[66,123226,181],{"class":80},[66,123228,123229],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,123230,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,123232,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241,123243],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,123234,123081],{"class":72},[66,123236,77],{"class":76},[66,123238,48982],{"class":173},[66,123240,158],{"class":80},[66,123242,2771],{"class":137},[66,123244,163],{"class":80},[66,123246,123247,123249,123251,123253],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,123248,155],{"class":154},[66,123250,158],{"class":80},[66,123252,123104],{"class":137},[66,123254,163],{"class":80},[66,123256,123257,123259,123261,123263,123265,123267],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,123258,155],{"class":154},[66,123260,158],{"class":80},[66,123262,912],{"class":173},[66,123264,158],{"class":80},[66,123266,123104],{"class":137},[66,123268,181],{"class":80},[20,123270,123271,123272,2487,123274,123276,123277,50],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123273,2486],{},[15,123275,2490],{},", or another type into ",[15,123278,3737],{},[52,123280,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,123282,5438,123284,2122],{"id":123283},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123285,47761],{},[20,123287,123288],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1430,123290,12986,123292,123294],{"id":123291},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123293,47761],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123296,123297],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1430,123299,5465,123301,123303],{"id":123300},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123302,47761],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123305,123306],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1430,123308,94674,123310,123312],{"id":123309},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123311,47761],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123314,123315],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1430,123317,2131,123319,57286,123321,2151],{"id":123318},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123320,47761],{},[15,123322,46529],{},[20,123324,46442,123325,123327,123328,123330],{},[15,123326,47761],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123329,46529],{}," shows output.",[52,123332,2183],{"id":2182},[30,123334,123335,123341,123347,123353,123359,123368,123372],{},[33,123336,123337],{},[652,123338,123339,3803],{"href":46526},[15,123340,46529],{},[33,123342,123343],{},[652,123344,123345,3803],{"href":2596},[15,123346,2599],{},[33,123348,123349],{},[652,123350,123351,3803],{"href":3172},[15,123352,3175],{},[33,123354,123355],{},[652,123356,123357,3803],{"href":3179},[15,123358,3182],{},[33,123360,123361],{},[652,123362,123364,123365,123367],{"href":123363},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123366,2486],{}," to string in Python",[33,123369,123370],{},[652,123371,90766],{"href":89775},[33,123373,123374],{},[652,123375,30413,123376],{"href":90488},[15,123377,90489],{},[2222,123379,123380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":123382},[123383,123384,123386,123387,123393,123395,123397,123399,123408,123409,123410,123411,123423],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":121801,"depth":124,"text":123385},"What str() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":121968,"depth":124,"text":121969,"children":123388},[123389,123390,123391,123392],{"id":121972,"depth":144,"text":121973},{"id":122058,"depth":144,"text":122059},{"id":122145,"depth":144,"text":122146},{"id":122231,"depth":144,"text":122232},{"id":122347,"depth":124,"text":123394},"When to use str()",{"id":122478,"depth":124,"text":123396},"str() vs print()",{"id":122647,"depth":124,"text":123398},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":123400},[123401,123403,123404,123406],{"id":122685,"depth":144,"text":123402},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122820,"depth":144,"text":122821},{"id":122882,"depth":144,"text":123405},"Using str() too early",{"id":122940,"depth":144,"text":123407},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":113809,"depth":124,"text":113810},{"id":123181,"depth":124,"text":123182},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":123412},[123413,123415,123417,123419,123421],{"id":123283,"depth":144,"text":123414},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123291,"depth":144,"text":123416},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123300,"depth":144,"text":123418},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123309,"depth":144,"text":123420},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123318,"depth":144,"text":123422},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42251,"description":123424},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123431,"title":123432,"body":123433,"description":124886,"extension":2260,"meta":124887,"navigation":147,"path":124888,"seo":124889,"stem":124890,"__hash__":124891},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123434,"toc":124848},[123435,123441,123447,123450,123472,123474,123536,123538,123551,123557,123562,123567,123569,123582,123593,123595,123622,123624,123641,123648,123659,123661,123666,123668,123680,123688,123697,123699,123702,123755,123757,123765,123773,123777,123782,123822,123824,123832,123835,123837,123877,123879,123887,123897,123903,123906,123979,123981,123994,123998,124003,124031,124034,124069,124071,124079,124082,124086,124090,124092,124108,124110,124150,124152,124160,124169,124212,124214,124222,124224,124228,124234,124237,124277,124279,124287,124292,124295,124338,124342,124345,124380,124385,124387,124426,124436,124444,124454,124462,124466,124471,124473,124514,124516,124524,124529,124532,124535,124553,124559,124563,124568,124571,124611,124613,124618,124717,124720,124736,124738,124757,124759,124766,124769,124775,124778,124784,124788,124794,124797,124803,124806,124808,124845],[10,123436,123438,123439,18],{"id":123437},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123440,57371],{},[20,123442,123443,123444,123446],{},"The Python string ",[15,123445,57371],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123448,123449],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123451,123452,123456,123459,123461,123469],{},[33,123453,2105,123454,253],{},[15,123455,57371],{},[33,123457,123458],{},"its syntax",[33,123460,35464],{},[33,123462,123463,123464,4688,123466,123468],{},"how ",[15,123465,36143],{},[15,123467,52740],{}," work",[33,123470,123471],{},"common beginner mistakes",[52,123473,55],{"id":54},[57,123475,123477],{"className":59,"code":123476,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123478,123479,123491,123513],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123480,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123482,34756],{"class":72},[66,123484,77],{"class":76},[66,123486,97],{"class":84},[66,123488,4381],{"class":88},[66,123490,376],{"class":84},[66,123492,123493,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123494,155],{"class":154},[66,123496,158],{"class":80},[66,123498,34777],{"class":137},[66,123500,50],{"class":80},[66,123502,41334],{"class":137},[66,123504,158],{"class":80},[66,123506,85],{"class":84},[66,123508,652],{"class":88},[66,123510,85],{"class":84},[66,123512,181],{"class":80},[66,123514,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529,123532,123534],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,123516,155],{"class":154},[66,123518,158],{"class":80},[66,123520,34777],{"class":137},[66,123522,50],{"class":80},[66,123524,41334],{"class":137},[66,123526,158],{"class":80},[66,123528,85],{"class":84},[66,123530,123531],{"class":88},"na",[66,123533,85],{"class":84},[66,123535,181],{"class":80},[20,123537,187],{},[57,123539,123541],{"className":59,"code":123540,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"3\n2\n",[15,123542,123543,123547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123544,123545],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123546,46694],{"class":117},[66,123548,123549],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123550,17328],{"class":117},[20,123552,243,123553,123556],{},[15,123554,123555],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[52,123558,13276,123560,13279],{"id":123559},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123561,57371],{},[20,123563,123564,123566],{},[15,123565,57371],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123568,13332],{},[30,123570,123571,123574,123577,123579],{},[33,123572,123573],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,123575,123576],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,123578,43734],{},[33,123580,123581],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123583,123584,123585,123587,123588,2487,123590,123592],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123586,18357],{}," characters are in ",[15,123589,65357],{},[15,123591,57371],{}," is a simple choice.",[52,123594,2455],{"id":2454},[57,123596,123598],{"className":59,"code":123597,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123599,123600],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123601,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123603,61256],{"class":72},[66,123605,50],{"class":80},[66,123607,41334],{"class":137},[66,123609,158],{"class":80},[66,123611,2771],{"class":137},[66,123613,105],{"class":80},[66,123615,36122],{"class":137},[66,123617,105],{"class":80},[66,123619,65123],{"class":137},[66,123621,163],{"class":80},[1430,123623,17658],{"id":17657},[30,123625,123626,123631,123636],{},[33,123627,123628,123630],{},[15,123629,2771],{},": the text to search for",[33,123632,123633,123635],{},[15,123634,36143],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123637,123638,123640],{},[15,123639,52740],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123642,123643,4688,123645,123647],{},[15,123644,36143],{},[15,123646,52740],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123649,123650,123655],{},[33,123651,123652,123654],{},[15,123653,36143],{}," is included",[33,123656,123657,75824],{},[15,123658,52740],{},[52,123660,793],{"id":792},[20,123662,123663,123665],{},[15,123664,57371],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123667,2422],{},[30,123669,123670,123675],{},[33,123671,123672,123673],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123674,2360],{},[33,123676,123677,123678],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123679,2021],{},[20,123681,40980,123682,5456,123684,3176,123686,50],{},[185,123683,4926],{},[15,123685,1386],{},[15,123687,3967],{},[20,123689,123690,123691,123696],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[652,123692,123694,101684],{"href":123693},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123695,1067],{}," is often a better fit.",[52,123698,11756],{"id":11755},[20,123700,123701],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[57,123703,123705],{"className":59,"code":123704,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123706,123707,123719,123741,123745],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123708,123709,123711,123713,123715,123717],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123710,34756],{"class":72},[66,123712,77],{"class":76},[66,123714,97],{"class":84},[66,123716,4372],{"class":88},[66,123718,376],{"class":84},[66,123720,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731,123733,123735,123737,123739],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123722,877],{"class":72},[66,123724,77],{"class":76},[66,123726,42917],{"class":72},[66,123728,50],{"class":80},[66,123730,41334],{"class":137},[66,123732,158],{"class":80},[66,123734,85],{"class":84},[66,123736,20],{"class":88},[66,123738,85],{"class":84},[66,123740,163],{"class":80},[66,123742,123743],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,123744,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,123746,123747,123749,123751,123753],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,123748,155],{"class":154},[66,123750,158],{"class":80},[66,123752,901],{"class":137},[66,123754,163],{"class":80},[20,123756,187],{},[57,123758,123759],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123760,123761],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123762,123763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123764,17328],{"class":117},[20,123766,63902,123767,123770,123771,50],{},[15,123768,123769],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123772,57914],{},[52,123774,123776],{"id":123775},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123778,123779,123781],{},[15,123780,57371],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[57,123783,123785],{"className":59,"code":123784,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123786,123787,123800],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123788,123789,123791,123793,123795,123798],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123790,34756],{"class":72},[66,123792,77],{"class":76},[66,123794,97],{"class":84},[66,123796,123797],{"class":88},"cat dog cat bird cat",[66,123799,376],{"class":84},[66,123801,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123803,155],{"class":154},[66,123805,158],{"class":80},[66,123807,34777],{"class":137},[66,123809,50],{"class":80},[66,123811,41334],{"class":137},[66,123813,158],{"class":80},[66,123815,85],{"class":84},[66,123817,37119],{"class":88},[66,123819,85],{"class":84},[66,123821,181],{"class":80},[20,123823,187],{},[57,123825,123826],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123827,123828],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123829,123830],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123831,46694],{"class":117},[20,123833,123834],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123836,281],{},[57,123838,123840],{"className":59,"code":123839,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123841,123842,123855],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123843,123844,123846,123848,123850,123853],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123845,34756],{"class":72},[66,123847,77],{"class":76},[66,123849,97],{"class":84},[66,123851,123852],{"class":88},"one One one",[66,123854,376],{"class":84},[66,123856,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123858,155],{"class":154},[66,123860,158],{"class":80},[66,123862,34777],{"class":137},[66,123864,50],{"class":80},[66,123866,41334],{"class":137},[66,123868,158],{"class":80},[66,123870,85],{"class":84},[66,123872,6878],{"class":88},[66,123874,85],{"class":84},[66,123876,181],{"class":80},[20,123878,187],{},[57,123880,123881],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,123882,123883],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123884,123885],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123886,17328],{"class":117},[20,123888,123889,123890,123893,123894,123896],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123891,123892],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123895,57371],{}," is case-sensitive.",[52,123898,1848,123899,4688,123901],{"id":65489},[15,123900,36143],{},[15,123902,52740],{},[20,123904,123905],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[57,123907,123909],{"className":59,"code":123908,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123910,123911,123923,123949],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123912,123913,123915,123917,123919,123921],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123914,34756],{"class":72},[66,123916,77],{"class":76},[66,123918,97],{"class":84},[66,123920,4381],{"class":88},[66,123922,376],{"class":84},[66,123924,123925,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123926,155],{"class":154},[66,123928,158],{"class":80},[66,123930,34777],{"class":137},[66,123932,50],{"class":80},[66,123934,41334],{"class":137},[66,123936,158],{"class":80},[66,123938,85],{"class":84},[66,123940,652],{"class":88},[66,123942,85],{"class":84},[66,123944,105],{"class":80},[66,123946,1719],{"class":117},[66,123948,181],{"class":80},[66,123950,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,123952,155],{"class":154},[66,123954,158],{"class":80},[66,123956,34777],{"class":137},[66,123958,50],{"class":80},[66,123960,41334],{"class":137},[66,123962,158],{"class":80},[66,123964,85],{"class":84},[66,123966,652],{"class":88},[66,123968,85],{"class":84},[66,123970,105],{"class":80},[66,123972,1719],{"class":117},[66,123974,105],{"class":80},[66,123976,1231],{"class":117},[66,123978,181],{"class":80},[20,123980,187],{},[57,123982,123984],{"className":59,"code":123983,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"2\n1\n",[15,123985,123986,123990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,123987,123988],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,123989,17328],{"class":117},[66,123991,123992],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,123993,46994],{"class":117},[1430,123995,123997],{"id":123996},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123999,124000,124001,94],{},"In ",[15,124002,65357],{},[30,124004,124005,124013,124021],{},[33,124006,71048,124007,124009,124010],{},[15,124008,2354],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124011,124012],{},"\"n\"",[33,124014,124015,124018,124019,76122],{},[15,124016,124017],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124020,2354],{},[33,124022,124023,124018,124026,124028,124029],{},[15,124024,124025],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124027,2354],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124030,2433],{},[20,124032,124033],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[57,124035,124037],{"className":59,"code":124036,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124038,124039,124051],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124040,124041,124043,124045,124047,124049],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124042,34756],{"class":72},[66,124044,77],{"class":76},[66,124046,97],{"class":84},[66,124048,4381],{"class":88},[66,124050,376],{"class":84},[66,124052,124053,124055,124057,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124054,155],{"class":154},[66,124056,158],{"class":80},[66,124058,34777],{"class":137},[66,124060,223],{"class":80},[66,124062,2354],{"class":117},[66,124064,94],{"class":80},[66,124066,2433],{"class":117},[66,124068,218],{"class":80},[20,124070,187],{},[57,124072,124073],{"className":59,"code":41543,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,124074,124075],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124076,124077],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124078,41543],{"class":72},[20,124080,124081],{},"Only that section is searched.",[52,124083,124085],{"id":124084},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124087,124088,123896],{},[15,124089,57371],{},[20,124091,2404],{},[30,124093,124094,124102],{},[33,124095,124096,4688,124098,124101],{},[15,124097,18357],{},[15,124099,124100],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,124103,124104,4688,124106,124101],{},[15,124105,64617],{},[15,124107,90501],{},[20,124109,281],{},[57,124111,124113],{"className":59,"code":124112,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124114,124115,124128],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124116,124117,124119,124121,124123,124126],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124118,34756],{"class":72},[66,124120,77],{"class":76},[66,124122,97],{"class":84},[66,124124,124125],{"class":88},"Apple apple APPLE",[66,124127,376],{"class":84},[66,124129,124130,124132,124134,124136,124138,124140,124142,124144,124146,124148],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124131,155],{"class":154},[66,124133,158],{"class":80},[66,124135,34777],{"class":137},[66,124137,50],{"class":80},[66,124139,41334],{"class":137},[66,124141,158],{"class":80},[66,124143,85],{"class":84},[66,124145,4372],{"class":88},[66,124147,85],{"class":84},[66,124149,181],{"class":80},[20,124151,187],{},[57,124153,124154],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,124155,124156],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124157,124158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124159,46994],{"class":117},[20,124161,124162,124163,94],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[652,124164,124166],{"href":124165},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124167,124168],{},"lower()",[57,124170,124172],{"className":59,"code":124171,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124173,124174,124186],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124175,124176,124178,124180,124182,124184],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124177,34756],{"class":72},[66,124179,77],{"class":76},[66,124181,97],{"class":84},[66,124183,124125],{"class":88},[66,124185,376],{"class":84},[66,124187,124188,124190,124192,124194,124196,124198,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208,124210],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124189,155],{"class":154},[66,124191,158],{"class":80},[66,124193,34777],{"class":137},[66,124195,50],{"class":80},[66,124197,8933],{"class":137},[66,124199,8930],{"class":80},[66,124201,41334],{"class":137},[66,124203,158],{"class":80},[66,124205,85],{"class":84},[66,124207,4372],{"class":88},[66,124209,85],{"class":84},[66,124211,181],{"class":80},[20,124213,187],{},[57,124215,124216],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,124217,124218],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124219,124220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124221,46694],{"class":117},[52,124223,1838],{"id":1837},[20,124225,23347,124226,50],{},[15,124227,57371],{},[1430,124229,1433,124231,124233],{"id":124230},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124232,57371],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124235,124236],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[57,124238,124240],{"className":59,"code":124239,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124241,124242,124255],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124243,124244,124246,124248,124250,124253],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124245,34756],{"class":72},[66,124247,77],{"class":76},[66,124249,97],{"class":84},[66,124251,124252],{"class":88},"Aardvark",[66,124254,376],{"class":84},[66,124256,124257,124259,124261,124263,124265,124267,124269,124271,124273,124275],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124258,155],{"class":154},[66,124260,158],{"class":80},[66,124262,34777],{"class":137},[66,124264,50],{"class":80},[66,124266,41334],{"class":137},[66,124268,158],{"class":80},[66,124270,85],{"class":84},[66,124272,652],{"class":88},[66,124274,85],{"class":84},[66,124276,181],{"class":80},[20,124278,187],{},[57,124280,124281],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,124282,124283],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124284,124285],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124286,17328],{"class":117},[20,124288,123889,124289,124291],{},[15,124290,124100],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124293,124294],{},"If needed, convert first:",[57,124296,124298],{"className":59,"code":124297,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124299,124300,124312],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124301,124302,124304,124306,124308,124310],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124303,34756],{"class":72},[66,124305,77],{"class":76},[66,124307,97],{"class":84},[66,124309,124252],{"class":88},[66,124311,376],{"class":84},[66,124313,124314,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124315,155],{"class":154},[66,124317,158],{"class":80},[66,124319,34777],{"class":137},[66,124321,50],{"class":80},[66,124323,8933],{"class":137},[66,124325,8930],{"class":80},[66,124327,41334],{"class":137},[66,124329,158],{"class":80},[66,124331,85],{"class":84},[66,124333,652],{"class":88},[66,124335,85],{"class":84},[66,124337,181],{"class":80},[1430,124339,124341],{"id":124340},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124343,124344],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[57,124346,124348],{"className":59,"code":124347,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124349,124350,124362],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124351,124352,124354,124356,124358,124360],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124353,34756],{"class":72},[66,124355,77],{"class":76},[66,124357,97],{"class":84},[66,124359,4381],{"class":88},[66,124361,376],{"class":84},[66,124363,124364,124366,124368,124370,124372,124374,124376,124378],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124365,155],{"class":154},[66,124367,158],{"class":80},[66,124369,34777],{"class":137},[66,124371,50],{"class":80},[66,124373,41334],{"class":137},[66,124375,158],{"class":80},[66,124377,652],{"class":137},[66,124379,181],{"class":80},[20,124381,124382,124383,50],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124384,652],{},[20,124386,11091],{},[57,124388,124390],{"className":59,"code":124389,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124391,124392,124404],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124393,124394,124396,124398,124400,124402],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124395,34756],{"class":72},[66,124397,77],{"class":76},[66,124399,97],{"class":84},[66,124401,4381],{"class":88},[66,124403,376],{"class":84},[66,124405,124406,124408,124410,124412,124414,124416,124418,124420,124422,124424],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124407,155],{"class":154},[66,124409,158],{"class":80},[66,124411,34777],{"class":137},[66,124413,50],{"class":80},[66,124415,41334],{"class":137},[66,124417,158],{"class":80},[66,124419,85],{"class":84},[66,124421,652],{"class":88},[66,124423,85],{"class":84},[66,124425,181],{"class":80},[1430,124427,37276,124429,8997,124431,3176,124434],{"id":124428},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124430,57371],{},[15,124432,124433],{},"find()",[15,124435,59049],{},[20,124437,243,124438,124440,124441,50],{},[15,124439,57371],{}," when you need the ",[185,124442,124443],{},"number of matches",[20,124445,243,124446,124440,124451,124453],{},[652,124447,124449],{"href":124448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124450,124433],{},[185,124452,65029],{}," of the first match.",[20,124455,243,124456,124461],{},[652,124457,124459],{"href":124458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124460,59049],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1430,124463,124465],{"id":124464},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124467,124468,124470],{},[15,124469,57371],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124472,281],{},[57,124474,124476],{"className":59,"code":124475,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124477,124478,124491],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124479,124480,124482,124484,124486,124489],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124481,34756],{"class":72},[66,124483,77],{"class":76},[66,124485,97],{"class":84},[66,124487,124488],{"class":88},"aaaa",[66,124490,376],{"class":84},[66,124492,124493,124495,124497,124499,124501,124503,124505,124507,124510,124512],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124494,155],{"class":154},[66,124496,158],{"class":80},[66,124498,34777],{"class":137},[66,124500,50],{"class":80},[66,124502,41334],{"class":137},[66,124504,158],{"class":80},[66,124506,85],{"class":84},[66,124508,124509],{"class":88},"aa",[66,124511,85],{"class":84},[66,124513,181],{"class":80},[20,124515,187],{},[57,124517,124518],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,124519,124520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124521,124522],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124523,17328],{"class":117},[20,124525,124526,124527,50],{},"It does not return ",[15,124528,2360],{},[20,124530,124531],{},"Why not?",[20,124533,124534],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,124536,124537,124546],{},[33,124538,124539,124542,124543],{},[15,124540,124541],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124544,124545],{},"0-1",[33,124547,124548,124542,124550],{},[15,124549,124541],{},[15,124551,124552],{},"2-3",[20,124554,124555,124556,50],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124557,124558],{},"1-2",[52,124560,1154,124561],{"id":58454},[15,124562,57371],{},[20,124564,243,124565,124567],{},[15,124566,57371],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124569,124570],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,124572,124573,124582,124592,124602],{},[33,124574,243,124575,124577,124578,124581],{},[15,124576,57371],{}," when you need ",[185,124579,124580],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,124583,243,124584,124577,124588,124591],{},[652,124585,124586],{"href":124448},[15,124587,124433],{},[185,124589,124590],{},"where"," it appears",[33,124593,47888,124594,124598,124599],{},[652,124595,124596,101684],{"href":123693},[15,124597,1067],{}," when you only need to know ",[185,124600,124601],{},"if it exists",[33,124603,243,124604,124610],{},[652,124605,124607],{"href":124606},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124608,124609],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[52,124612,2027],{"id":2026},[20,124614,9168,124615,124617],{},[15,124616,57371],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[57,124619,124621],{"className":59,"code":124620,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124622,124623,124633,124647,124669,124695],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124624,124625,124627,124629,124631],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124626,155],{"class":154},[66,124628,158],{"class":80},[66,124630,34777],{"class":137},[66,124632,163],{"class":80},[66,124634,124635,124637,124639,124641,124643,124645],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124636,155],{"class":154},[66,124638,158],{"class":80},[66,124640,912],{"class":173},[66,124642,158],{"class":80},[66,124644,34777],{"class":137},[66,124646,181],{"class":80},[66,124648,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663,124665,124667],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,124650,155],{"class":154},[66,124652,158],{"class":80},[66,124654,34777],{"class":137},[66,124656,50],{"class":80},[66,124658,41334],{"class":137},[66,124660,158],{"class":80},[66,124662,85],{"class":84},[66,124664,652],{"class":88},[66,124666,85],{"class":84},[66,124668,181],{"class":80},[66,124670,124671,124673,124675,124677,124679,124681,124683,124685,124687,124689,124691,124693],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,124672,155],{"class":154},[66,124674,158],{"class":80},[66,124676,34777],{"class":137},[66,124678,50],{"class":80},[66,124680,8933],{"class":137},[66,124682,8930],{"class":80},[66,124684,41334],{"class":137},[66,124686,158],{"class":80},[66,124688,85],{"class":84},[66,124690,652],{"class":88},[66,124692,85],{"class":84},[66,124694,181],{"class":80},[66,124696,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711,124713,124715],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,124698,155],{"class":154},[66,124700,158],{"class":80},[66,124702,34777],{"class":137},[66,124704,50],{"class":80},[66,124706,41334],{"class":137},[66,124708,158],{"class":80},[66,124710,85],{"class":84},[66,124712,123531],{"class":88},[66,124714,85],{"class":84},[66,124716,181],{"class":80},[20,124718,124719],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124721,124722,124725,124730,124733],{},[33,124723,124724],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124726,124727,124729],{},[15,124728,34777],{}," not being a string",[33,124731,124732],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124734,124735],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124737,58943],{},[30,124739,124740,124743,124746,124749],{},[33,124741,124742],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124744,124745],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124747,124748],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124750,50570,124751,44706,124753,3176,124755,73394],{},[15,124752,57371],{},[15,124754,124433],{},[15,124756,1067],{},[52,124758,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,124760,124762,124763,124765],{"id":124761},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124764,57371],{}," change the original string?",[20,124767,124768],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1430,124770,2131,124772,124774],{"id":124771},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124773,57371],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124776,124777],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1430,124779,5438,124781,124783],{"id":124780},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124782,57371],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124785,5443,124786,50],{},[15,124787,2021],{},[1430,124789,5465,124791,124793],{"id":124790},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124792,57371],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124795,124796],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1430,124798,12986,124800,124802],{"id":124799},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124801,57371],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124804,124805],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[52,124807,2183],{"id":2182},[30,124809,124810,124817,124824,124831,124838],{},[33,124811,124812],{},[652,124813,124814],{"href":124448},[15,124815,124816],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124818,124819],{},[652,124820,124821],{"href":124458},[15,124822,124823],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124825,124826],{},[652,124827,124828],{"href":124165},[15,124829,124830],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124832,124833],{},[652,124834,124835],{"href":123693},[15,124836,124837],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124839,124840],{},[652,124841,124842],{"href":124606},[15,124843,124844],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2222,124846,124847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":124849},[124850,124851,124853,124856,124857,124858,124859,124862,124863,124871,124872,124873,124885],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":123559,"depth":124,"text":124852},"What the count() method does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":124854},[124855],{"id":17657,"depth":144,"text":17658},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":123775,"depth":124,"text":123776},{"id":65489,"depth":124,"text":66272,"children":124860},[124861],{"id":123996,"depth":144,"text":123997},{"id":124084,"depth":124,"text":124085},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":124864},[124865,124867,124868,124870],{"id":124230,"depth":144,"text":124866},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124340,"depth":144,"text":124341},{"id":124428,"depth":144,"text":124869},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124464,"depth":144,"text":124465},{"id":58454,"depth":124,"text":59085},{"id":2026,"depth":124,"text":2027},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":124874},[124875,124877,124879,124881,124883],{"id":124761,"depth":144,"text":124876},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124771,"depth":144,"text":124878},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124780,"depth":144,"text":124880},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124790,"depth":144,"text":124882},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124799,"depth":144,"text":124884},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123432,"description":124886},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124893,"title":124894,"body":124895,"description":126480,"extension":2260,"meta":126481,"navigation":147,"path":126482,"seo":126483,"stem":126484,"__hash__":126485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124896,"toc":126453},[124897,124900,124903,125000,125009,125011,125030,125034,125037,125040,125053,125056,125085,125090,125095,125153,125155,125188,125194,125198,125201,125204,125233,125236,125263,125266,125269,125273,125276,125283,125346,125348,125366,125369,125373,125376,125379,125421,125424,125468,125471,125474,125478,125483,125486,125529,125531,125554,125557,125590,125593,125642,125652,125656,125659,125662,125691,125694,125705,125707,125766,125769,125773,125776,125779,125794,125803,125806,125840,125843,125870,125873,125880,125882,125885,125887,125890,125904,125913,125915,125942,125946,125949,125963,125966,126025,126029,126032,126059,126062,126089,126097,126100,126160,126162,126195,126199,126202,126221,126226,126275,126280,126282,126285,126344,126362,126364,126368,126376,126380,126383,126387,126393,126397,126407,126411,126414,126416,126450],[10,124898,124894],{"id":124899},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124901,124902],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[57,124904,124906],{"className":59,"code":124905,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124907,124908,124920,124932,124941,124955,124959,124969,124979,124990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,124909,124910,124912,124914,124916,124918],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,124911,8170],{"class":72},[66,124913,77],{"class":76},[66,124915,97],{"class":84},[66,124917,5299],{"class":88},[66,124919,376],{"class":84},[66,124921,124922,124924,124926,124928,124930],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,124923,90090],{"class":72},[66,124925,77],{"class":76},[66,124927,211],{"class":84},[66,124929,34936],{"class":88},[66,124931,29765],{"class":84},[66,124933,124934,124937,124939],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,124935,124936],{"class":72},"empty ",[66,124938,77],{"class":76},[66,124940,8175],{"class":84},[66,124942,124943,124945,124947,124949,124951,124953],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,124944,34756],{"class":72},[66,124946,77],{"class":76},[66,124948,48982],{"class":173},[66,124950,158],{"class":80},[66,124952,50324],{"class":117},[66,124954,163],{"class":80},[66,124956,124957],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,124958,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,124960,124961,124963,124965,124967],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,124962,155],{"class":154},[66,124964,158],{"class":80},[66,124966,89],{"class":137},[66,124968,163],{"class":80},[66,124970,124971,124973,124975,124977],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,124972,155],{"class":154},[66,124974,158],{"class":80},[66,124976,90107],{"class":137},[66,124978,163],{"class":80},[66,124980,124981,124983,124985,124988],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,124982,155],{"class":154},[66,124984,158],{"class":80},[66,124986,124987],{"class":137},"empty",[66,124989,163],{"class":80},[66,124991,124992,124994,124996,124998],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,124993,155],{"class":154},[66,124995,158],{"class":80},[66,124997,34777],{"class":137},[66,124999,163],{"class":80},[20,125001,125002,125005,125006,125008],{},[185,125003,125004],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125007,47761],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[52,125010,15437],{"id":15436},[30,125012,125013,125016,125019,125022,125027],{},[33,125014,125015],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,125017,125018],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,125020,125021],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,125023,125024,125025],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125026,47761],{},[33,125028,125029],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[52,125031,125033],{"id":125032},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125035,125036],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125038,125039],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,125041,125042,125045,125047,125050],{},[33,125043,125044],{},"Letters",[33,125046,56542],{},[33,125048,125049],{},"Spaces",[33,125051,125052],{},"Symbols",[20,125054,125055],{},"Examples of strings:",[57,125057,125059],{"className":59,"code":125058,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125060,125061,125069,125077],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125062,125063,125065,125067],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125064,85],{"class":43404},[66,125066,4139],{"class":43408},[66,125068,376],{"class":43404},[66,125070,125071,125073,125075],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125072,85],{"class":43404},[66,125074,50324],{"class":43408},[66,125076,376],{"class":43404},[66,125078,125079,125081,125083],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,125080,85],{"class":43404},[66,125082,89232],{"class":43408},[66,125084,376],{"class":43404},[20,125086,21237,125087,125089],{},[15,125088,50374],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125091,125092,125093,94],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125094,2599],{},[57,125096,125098],{"className":59,"code":125097,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125099,125100,125112,125121,125125,125139],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125101,125102,125104,125106,125108,125110],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125103,34756],{"class":72},[66,125105,77],{"class":76},[66,125107,97],{"class":84},[66,125109,50324],{"class":88},[66,125111,376],{"class":84},[66,125113,125114,125116,125118],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125115,2515],{"class":72},[66,125117,77],{"class":76},[66,125119,125120],{"class":117}," 123\n",[66,125122,125123],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,125124,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,125126,125127,125129,125131,125133,125135,125137],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,125128,155],{"class":154},[66,125130,158],{"class":80},[66,125132,912],{"class":173},[66,125134,158],{"class":80},[66,125136,34777],{"class":137},[66,125138,181],{"class":80},[66,125140,125141,125143,125145,125147,125149,125151],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,125142,155],{"class":154},[66,125144,158],{"class":80},[66,125146,912],{"class":173},[66,125148,158],{"class":80},[66,125150,2537],{"class":137},[66,125152,181],{"class":80},[20,125154,187],{},[57,125156,125158],{"className":59,"code":125157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125159,125160,125174],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125161,125162,125164,125166,125168,125170,125172],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125163,954],{"class":76},[66,125165,958],{"class":957},[66,125167,211],{"class":84},[66,125169,3737],{"class":88},[66,125171,202],{"class":84},[66,125173,967],{"class":76},[66,125175,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125177,954],{"class":76},[66,125179,958],{"class":957},[66,125181,211],{"class":84},[66,125183,2486],{"class":88},[66,125185,202],{"class":84},[66,125187,967],{"class":76},[20,125189,125190,125191,50],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[652,125192,125193],{"href":51054},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[52,125195,125197],{"id":125196},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125199,125200],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125202,125203],{},"You can use single quotes:",[57,125205,125207],{"className":59,"code":125206,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125208,125209,125222],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125210,125211,125214,125216,125218,125220],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125212,125213],{"class":72},"greeting ",[66,125215,77],{"class":76},[66,125217,211],{"class":84},[66,125219,4139],{"class":88},[66,125221,29765],{"class":84},[66,125223,125224,125226,125228,125231],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125225,155],{"class":154},[66,125227,158],{"class":80},[66,125229,125230],{"class":137},"greeting",[66,125232,163],{"class":80},[20,125234,125235],{},"Or double quotes:",[57,125237,125239],{"className":59,"code":125238,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125240,125241,125253],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125242,125243,125245,125247,125249,125251],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125244,125213],{"class":72},[66,125246,77],{"class":76},[66,125248,97],{"class":84},[66,125250,4139],{"class":88},[66,125252,376],{"class":84},[66,125254,125255,125257,125259,125261],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125256,155],{"class":154},[66,125258,158],{"class":80},[66,125260,125230],{"class":137},[66,125262,163],{"class":80},[20,125264,125265],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125267,125268],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[52,125270,125272],{"id":125271},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125274,125275],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125277,125278,125279,3176,125281,94],{},"Use either ",[15,125280,6565],{},[15,125282,4066],{},[57,125284,125286],{"className":59,"code":125285,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125287,125288,125297,125306,125310,125321,125332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125289,125290,125293,125295],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125291,125292],{"class":72},"empty1 ",[66,125294,77],{"class":76},[66,125296,8175],{"class":84},[66,125298,125299,125302,125304],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125300,125301],{"class":72},"empty2 ",[66,125303,77],{"class":76},[66,125305,47573],{"class":84},[66,125307,125308],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,125309,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,125311,125312,125314,125316,125319],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,125313,155],{"class":154},[66,125315,158],{"class":80},[66,125317,125318],{"class":137},"empty1",[66,125320,163],{"class":80},[66,125322,125323,125325,125327,125330],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,125324,155],{"class":154},[66,125326,158],{"class":80},[66,125328,125329],{"class":137},"empty2",[66,125331,163],{"class":80},[66,125333,125334,125336,125338,125340,125342,125344],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,125335,155],{"class":154},[66,125337,158],{"class":80},[66,125339,912],{"class":173},[66,125341,158],{"class":80},[66,125343,125318],{"class":137},[66,125345,181],{"class":80},[20,125347,187],{},[57,125349,125350],{"className":59,"code":45847,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,125351,125352],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125353,125354,125356,125358,125360,125362,125364],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125355,954],{"class":76},[66,125357,958],{"class":957},[66,125359,211],{"class":84},[66,125361,3737],{"class":88},[66,125363,202],{"class":84},[66,125365,967],{"class":76},[20,125367,125368],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[52,125370,125372],{"id":125371},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125374,125375],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125377,125378],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[57,125380,125382],{"className":59,"code":125381,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125383,125384,125395,125400,125407,125411],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125385,125386,125388,125390,125393],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125387,90090],{"class":72},[66,125389,77],{"class":76},[66,125391,125392],{"class":84}," \"\"\"",[66,125394,89032],{"class":88},[66,125396,125397],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125398,125399],{"class":88},"Welcome to Python\n",[66,125401,125402,125405],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,125403,125404],{"class":88},"Have a nice day",[66,125406,43412],{"class":84},[66,125408,125409],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,125410,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,125412,125413,125415,125417,125419],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,125414,155],{"class":154},[66,125416,158],{"class":80},[66,125418,90107],{"class":137},[66,125420,163],{"class":80},[20,125422,125423],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[57,125425,125427],{"className":59,"code":125426,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125428,125429,125441,125446,125454,125458],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125430,125431,125433,125435,125438],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125432,90090],{"class":72},[66,125434,77],{"class":76},[66,125436,125437],{"class":84}," '''",[66,125439,125440],{"class":88},"Line 1\n",[66,125442,125443],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125444,125445],{"class":88},"Line 2\n",[66,125447,125448,125451],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,125449,125450],{"class":88},"Line 3",[66,125452,125453],{"class":84},"'''\n",[66,125455,125456],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,125457,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,125459,125460,125462,125464,125466],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,125461,155],{"class":154},[66,125463,158],{"class":80},[66,125465,90107],{"class":137},[66,125467,163],{"class":80},[20,125469,125470],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125472,125473],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[52,125475,125477],{"id":125476},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125479,2277,125480,125482],{},[15,125481,47761],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125484,125485],{},"Example with a number:",[57,125487,125489],{"className":59,"code":125488,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125490,125491,125505,125515],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125492,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501,125503],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125494,34756],{"class":72},[66,125496,77],{"class":76},[66,125498,48982],{"class":173},[66,125500,158],{"class":80},[66,125502,46603],{"class":117},[66,125504,163],{"class":80},[66,125506,125507,125509,125511,125513],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125508,155],{"class":154},[66,125510,158],{"class":80},[66,125512,34777],{"class":137},[66,125514,163],{"class":80},[66,125516,125517,125519,125521,125523,125525,125527],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,125518,155],{"class":154},[66,125520,158],{"class":80},[66,125522,912],{"class":173},[66,125524,158],{"class":80},[66,125526,34777],{"class":137},[66,125528,181],{"class":80},[20,125530,187],{},[57,125532,125534],{"className":59,"code":125533,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125535,125536,125540],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125537,125538],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125539,46689],{"class":117},[66,125541,125542,125544,125546,125548,125550,125552],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125543,954],{"class":76},[66,125545,958],{"class":957},[66,125547,211],{"class":84},[66,125549,3737],{"class":88},[66,125551,202],{"class":84},[66,125553,967],{"class":76},[20,125555,125556],{},"You can also convert other values:",[57,125558,125560],{"className":59,"code":125559,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125561,125562,125576],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125563,125564,125566,125568,125570,125572,125574],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125565,155],{"class":154},[66,125567,158],{"class":80},[66,125569,3737],{"class":173},[66,125571,158],{"class":80},[66,125573,1386],{"class":4146},[66,125575,181],{"class":80},[66,125577,125578,125580,125582,125584,125586,125588],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125579,155],{"class":154},[66,125581,158],{"class":80},[66,125583,3737],{"class":173},[66,125585,158],{"class":80},[66,125587,40217],{"class":117},[66,125589,181],{"class":80},[20,125591,125592],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[57,125594,125596],{"className":59,"code":125595,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125597,125598,125606,125628,125632],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125599,125600,125602,125604],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125601,21885],{"class":72},[66,125603,77],{"class":76},[66,125605,45302],{"class":117},[66,125607,125608,125610,125612,125614,125616,125618,125620,125622,125624,125626],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125609,90090],{"class":72},[66,125611,77],{"class":76},[66,125613,97],{"class":84},[66,125615,89508],{"class":88},[66,125617,85],{"class":84},[66,125619,2752],{"class":76},[66,125621,48982],{"class":173},[66,125623,158],{"class":80},[66,125625,110],{"class":137},[66,125627,163],{"class":80},[66,125629,125630],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,125631,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,125633,125634,125636,125638,125640],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,125635,155],{"class":154},[66,125637,158],{"class":80},[66,125639,90107],{"class":137},[66,125641,163],{"class":80},[20,125643,125644,125645,3176,125649,50],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[652,125646,3870,125647,3803],{"href":42250},[15,125648,47761],{},[652,125650,125651],{"href":123363},"how to convert int to string in Python",[52,125653,125655],{"id":125654},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125657,125658],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125660,125661],{},"Both of these are valid:",[57,125663,125665],{"className":59,"code":125664,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125666,125667,125679],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125668,125669,125671,125673,125675,125677],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125670,2853],{"class":72},[66,125672,77],{"class":76},[66,125674,211],{"class":84},[66,125676,7590],{"class":88},[66,125678,29765],{"class":84},[66,125680,125681,125683,125685,125687,125689],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125682,2881],{"class":72},[66,125684,77],{"class":76},[66,125686,97],{"class":84},[66,125688,7590],{"class":88},[66,125690,376],{"class":84},[20,125692,125693],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125695,125696,125699,125702],{},[33,125697,125698],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125700,125701],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125703,125704],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125706,281],{},[57,125708,125710],{"className":59,"code":125709,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125711,125712,125726,125740,125744,125755],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125713,125714,125717,125719,125721,125724],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125715,125716],{"class":72},"text1 ",[66,125718,77],{"class":76},[66,125720,97],{"class":84},[66,125722,125723],{"class":88},"It's working",[66,125725,376],{"class":84},[66,125727,125728,125731,125733,125735,125738],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125729,125730],{"class":72},"text2 ",[66,125732,77],{"class":76},[66,125734,211],{"class":84},[66,125736,125737],{"class":88},"She said \"hello\"",[66,125739,29765],{"class":84},[66,125741,125742],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,125743,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,125745,125746,125748,125750,125753],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,125747,155],{"class":154},[66,125749,158],{"class":80},[66,125751,125752],{"class":137},"text1",[66,125754,163],{"class":80},[66,125756,125757,125759,125761,125764],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,125758,155],{"class":154},[66,125760,158],{"class":80},[66,125762,125763],{"class":137},"text2",[66,125765,163],{"class":80},[20,125767,125768],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[52,125770,125772],{"id":125771},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125774,125775],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125777,125778],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[57,125780,125782],{"className":59,"code":125781,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125783,125784,125789],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125785,125786],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125787,125788],{"class":1945},"# This will cause an error\n",[66,125790,125791],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125792,125793],{"class":1945},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125795,125796,125797,35399,125799,125802],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125798,202],{},[15,125800,125801],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125804,125805],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[57,125807,125809],{"className":59,"code":125808,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125810,125811,125830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125812,125813,125815,125817,125819,125822,125825,125828],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125814,34756],{"class":72},[66,125816,77],{"class":76},[66,125818,211],{"class":84},[66,125820,125821],{"class":88},"It",[66,125823,125824],{"class":34521},"\\'",[66,125826,125827],{"class":88},"s working",[66,125829,29765],{"class":84},[66,125831,125832,125834,125836,125838],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125833,155],{"class":154},[66,125835,158],{"class":80},[66,125837,34777],{"class":137},[66,125839,163],{"class":80},[20,125841,125842],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[57,125844,125846],{"className":59,"code":125845,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125847,125848,125860],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125849,125850,125852,125854,125856,125858],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125851,34756],{"class":72},[66,125853,77],{"class":76},[66,125855,97],{"class":84},[66,125857,125723],{"class":88},[66,125859,376],{"class":84},[66,125861,125862,125864,125866,125868],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125863,155],{"class":154},[66,125865,158],{"class":80},[66,125867,34777],{"class":137},[66,125869,163],{"class":80},[20,125871,125872],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125874,125875,125876,50],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[652,125877,125879],{"href":125878},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[52,125881,1838],{"id":1837},[20,125883,125884],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1430,125886,90297],{"id":90296},[20,125888,125889],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[57,125891,125893],{"className":59,"code":125892,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125894,125895,125899],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125896,125897],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125898,125788],{"class":1945},[66,125900,125901],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125902,125903],{"class":1945},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125905,125906,125907,8894,125910,125912],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125908,125909],{},"NameError",[15,125911,5299],{}," is not defined.",[20,125914,11091],{},[57,125916,125918],{"className":59,"code":125917,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125919,125920,125932],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125921,125922,125924,125926,125928,125930],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125923,8170],{"class":72},[66,125925,77],{"class":76},[66,125927,97],{"class":84},[66,125929,5299],{"class":88},[66,125931,376],{"class":84},[66,125933,125934,125936,125938,125940],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125935,155],{"class":154},[66,125937,158],{"class":80},[66,125939,89],{"class":137},[66,125941,163],{"class":80},[1430,125943,125945],{"id":125944},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125947,125948],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[57,125950,125952],{"className":59,"code":125951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125953,125954,125958],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125955,125956],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125957,125788],{"class":1945},[66,125959,125960],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125961,125962],{"class":1945},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125964,125965],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[57,125967,125969],{"className":59,"code":125968,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125970,125971,125988,126001,126005,126015],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,125972,125973,125975,125977,125979,125981,125983,125986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,125974,125716],{"class":72},[66,125976,77],{"class":76},[66,125978,211],{"class":84},[66,125980,125821],{"class":88},[66,125982,125824],{"class":34521},[66,125984,125985],{"class":88},"s good",[66,125987,29765],{"class":84},[66,125989,125990,125992,125994,125996,125999],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,125991,125730],{"class":72},[66,125993,77],{"class":76},[66,125995,97],{"class":84},[66,125997,125998],{"class":88},"It's good",[66,126000,376],{"class":84},[66,126002,126003],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,126004,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,126006,126007,126009,126011,126013],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,126008,155],{"class":154},[66,126010,158],{"class":80},[66,126012,125752],{"class":137},[66,126014,163],{"class":80},[66,126016,126017,126019,126021,126023],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,126018,155],{"class":154},[66,126020,158],{"class":80},[66,126022,125763],{"class":137},[66,126024,163],{"class":80},[1430,126026,126028],{"id":126027},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126030,126031],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[57,126033,126035],{"className":59,"code":126034,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126036,126037,126049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126038,126039,126041,126043,126045,126047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126040,34756],{"class":72},[66,126042,77],{"class":76},[66,126044,125392],{"class":84},[66,126046,4139],{"class":88},[66,126048,43412],{"class":84},[66,126050,126051,126053,126055,126057],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126052,155],{"class":154},[66,126054,158],{"class":80},[66,126056,34777],{"class":137},[66,126058,163],{"class":80},[20,126060,126061],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[57,126063,126065],{"className":59,"code":126064,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126066,126067,126079],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126068,126069,126071,126073,126075,126077],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126070,34756],{"class":72},[66,126072,77],{"class":76},[66,126074,97],{"class":84},[66,126076,4139],{"class":88},[66,126078,376],{"class":84},[66,126080,126081,126083,126085,126087],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126082,155],{"class":154},[66,126084,158],{"class":80},[66,126086,34777],{"class":137},[66,126088,163],{"class":80},[1430,126090,4875,126092,4688,126094,126096],{"id":126091},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126093,50324],{},[15,126095,50374],{}," are the same type",[20,126098,126099],{},"They are different:",[57,126101,126103],{"className":59,"code":126102,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126104,126105,126114,126127,126131,126145],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126106,126107,126110,126112],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126108,126109],{"class":72},"value1 ",[66,126111,77],{"class":76},[66,126113,125120],{"class":117},[66,126115,126116,126119,126121,126123,126125],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126117,126118],{"class":72},"value2 ",[66,126120,77],{"class":76},[66,126122,97],{"class":84},[66,126124,50324],{"class":88},[66,126126,376],{"class":84},[66,126128,126129],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,126130,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,126132,126133,126135,126137,126139,126141,126143],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,126134,155],{"class":154},[66,126136,158],{"class":80},[66,126138,912],{"class":173},[66,126140,158],{"class":80},[66,126142,84853],{"class":137},[66,126144,181],{"class":80},[66,126146,126147,126149,126151,126153,126155,126158],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,126148,155],{"class":154},[66,126150,158],{"class":80},[66,126152,912],{"class":173},[66,126154,158],{"class":80},[66,126156,126157],{"class":137},"value2",[66,126159,181],{"class":80},[20,126161,187],{},[57,126163,126165],{"className":59,"code":126164,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126166,126167,126181],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126168,126169,126171,126173,126175,126177,126179],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126170,954],{"class":76},[66,126172,958],{"class":957},[66,126174,211],{"class":84},[66,126176,2486],{"class":88},[66,126178,202],{"class":84},[66,126180,967],{"class":76},[66,126182,126183,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126184,954],{"class":76},[66,126186,958],{"class":957},[66,126188,211],{"class":84},[66,126190,3737],{"class":88},[66,126192,202],{"class":84},[66,126194,967],{"class":76},[1430,126196,126198],{"id":126197},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126200,126201],{},"This causes a type error:",[57,126203,126205],{"className":59,"code":126204,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126206,126207,126211,126216],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126208,126209],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126210,125788],{"class":1945},[66,126212,126213],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126214,126215],{"class":1945},"# age = 10\n",[66,126217,126218],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,126219,126220],{"class":1945},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126222,126223,126224,94],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126225,47761],{},[57,126227,126229],{"className":59,"code":126228,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126230,126231,126239,126261,126265],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126232,126233,126235,126237],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126234,21885],{"class":72},[66,126236,77],{"class":76},[66,126238,2886],{"class":117},[66,126240,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249,126251,126253,126255,126257,126259],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126242,90090],{"class":72},[66,126244,77],{"class":76},[66,126246,97],{"class":84},[66,126248,89508],{"class":88},[66,126250,85],{"class":84},[66,126252,2752],{"class":76},[66,126254,48982],{"class":173},[66,126256,158],{"class":80},[66,126258,110],{"class":137},[66,126260,163],{"class":80},[66,126262,126263],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,126264,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,126266,126267,126269,126271,126273],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,126268,155],{"class":154},[66,126270,158],{"class":80},[66,126272,90107],{"class":137},[66,126274,163],{"class":80},[20,126276,126277,126278,50],{},"For this specific error, see ",[652,126279,90489],{"href":90488},[1430,126281,60792],{"id":60791},[20,126283,126284],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[57,126286,126288],{"className":59,"code":126287,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126289,126290,126302,126306,126316,126330],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126291,126292,126294,126296,126298,126300],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126293,34756],{"class":72},[66,126295,77],{"class":76},[66,126297,97],{"class":84},[66,126299,4139],{"class":88},[66,126301,376],{"class":84},[66,126303,126304],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126305,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,126307,126308,126310,126312,126314],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,126309,155],{"class":154},[66,126311,158],{"class":80},[66,126313,34777],{"class":137},[66,126315,163],{"class":80},[66,126317,126318,126320,126322,126324,126326,126328],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,126319,155],{"class":154},[66,126321,158],{"class":80},[66,126323,912],{"class":173},[66,126325,158],{"class":80},[66,126327,34777],{"class":137},[66,126329,181],{"class":80},[66,126331,126332,126334,126336,126338,126340,126342],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,126333,155],{"class":154},[66,126335,158],{"class":80},[66,126337,41854],{"class":154},[66,126339,158],{"class":80},[66,126341,34777],{"class":137},[66,126343,181],{"class":80},[30,126345,126346,126351,126356],{},[33,126347,126348,46355],{},[15,126349,126350],{},"print(text)",[33,126352,126353,46360],{},[15,126354,126355],{},"print(type(text))",[33,126357,126358,126361],{},[15,126359,126360],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[52,126363,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,126365,126367],{"id":126366},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126369,126370,126371,3176,126374,50],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126372,126373],{},"'hello'",[15,126375,64617],{},[1430,126377,126379],{"id":126378},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126381,126382],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1430,126384,126386],{"id":126385},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126388,243,126389,3176,126391,50],{},[15,126390,6565],{},[15,126392,4066],{},[1430,126394,126396],{"id":126395},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126398,243,126399,126401,126402,126404,126405,50],{},[15,126400,47761],{},", like ",[15,126403,80463],{},", which returns ",[15,126406,42201],{},[1430,126408,126410],{"id":126409},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126412,126413],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[52,126415,2183],{"id":2182},[30,126417,126418,126422,126428,126433,126442,126446],{},[33,126419,126420],{},[652,126421,125193],{"href":51054},[33,126423,126424],{},[652,126425,3870,126426,3803],{"href":42250},[15,126427,47761],{},[33,126429,126430],{},[652,126431,126432],{"href":123363},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,126434,126435],{},[652,126436,126438,126439,978],{"href":126437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126440,126441],{},"format()",[33,126443,126444],{},[652,126445,125879],{"href":125878},[33,126447,126448],{},[652,126449,90489],{"href":90488},[2222,126451,126452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":126454},[126455,126456,126457,126458,126459,126460,126461,126462,126463,126472,126479],{"id":15436,"depth":124,"text":15437},{"id":125032,"depth":124,"text":125033},{"id":125196,"depth":124,"text":125197},{"id":125271,"depth":124,"text":125272},{"id":125371,"depth":124,"text":125372},{"id":125476,"depth":124,"text":125477},{"id":125654,"depth":124,"text":125655},{"id":125771,"depth":124,"text":125772},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":126464},[126465,126466,126467,126468,126470,126471],{"id":90296,"depth":144,"text":90297},{"id":125944,"depth":144,"text":125945},{"id":126027,"depth":144,"text":126028},{"id":126091,"depth":144,"text":126469},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126197,"depth":144,"text":126198},{"id":60791,"depth":144,"text":60792},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":126473},[126474,126475,126476,126477,126478],{"id":126366,"depth":144,"text":126367},{"id":126378,"depth":144,"text":126379},{"id":126385,"depth":144,"text":126386},{"id":126395,"depth":144,"text":126396},{"id":126409,"depth":144,"text":126410},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124894,"description":126480},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126487,"title":126488,"body":126489,"description":128403,"extension":2260,"meta":128404,"navigation":147,"path":128405,"seo":128406,"stem":128407,"__hash__":128408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126490,"toc":128364},[126491,126497,126502,126510,126512,126579,126581,126593,126602,126607,126611,126628,126630,126695,126697,126709,126714,126716,126744,126765,126768,126807,126809,126817,126821,126825,126829,126837,126840,126881,126883,126891,126894,126951,126953,126961,126965,126970,127014,127016,127024,127033,127037,127042,127090,127092,127100,127106,127108,127112,127124,127129,127208,127210,127230,127234,127238,127278,127280,127288,127292,127335,127337,127345,127349,127389,127391,127399,127403,127459,127461,127469,127475,127477,127481,127491,127558,127560,127573,127580,127623,127625,127633,127637,127640,127696,127698,127706,127709,127711,127788,127790,127798,127807,127809,127813,127817,127819,127841,127844,127891,127895,127934,127936,127944,127946,127988,127995,128000,128062,128064,128076,128082,128087,128136,128138,128157,128163,128165,128184,128186,128277,128279,128285,128292,128298,128304,128309,128318,128325,128333,128335,128361],[10,126492,123438,126494,18],{"id":126493},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126495,126496],{},"endswith()",[20,126498,123443,126499,126501],{},[15,126500,126496],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126503,126504,126505,3176,126507,126509],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126506,1386],{},[15,126508,3967],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[52,126511,55],{"id":54},[57,126513,126515],{"className":59,"code":126514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126516,126517,126531,126556],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126518,126519,126522,126524,126526,126529],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126520,126521],{"class":72},"filename ",[66,126523,77],{"class":76},[66,126525,97],{"class":84},[66,126527,126528],{"class":88},"report.csv",[66,126530,376],{"class":84},[66,126532,126533,126535,126537,126540,126542,126545,126547,126549,126552,126554],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126534,155],{"class":154},[66,126536,158],{"class":80},[66,126538,126539],{"class":137},"filename",[66,126541,50],{"class":80},[66,126543,126544],{"class":137},"endswith",[66,126546,158],{"class":80},[66,126548,85],{"class":84},[66,126550,126551],{"class":88},".csv",[66,126553,85],{"class":84},[66,126555,181],{"class":80},[66,126557,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126575,126577],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,126559,155],{"class":154},[66,126561,158],{"class":80},[66,126563,126539],{"class":137},[66,126565,50],{"class":80},[66,126567,126544],{"class":137},[66,126569,158],{"class":80},[66,126571,85],{"class":84},[66,126573,126574],{"class":88},".txt",[66,126576,85],{"class":84},[66,126578,181],{"class":80},[20,126580,187],{},[57,126582,126583],{"className":59,"code":44250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126584,126585,126589],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126586,126587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126588,4272],{"class":4146},[66,126590,126591],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126592,4333],{"class":4146},[20,126594,243,126595,5666,126597,3176,126599,126601],{},[15,126596,126496],{},[15,126598,1386],{},[15,126600,3967],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[52,126603,250,126605,253],{"id":126604},"what-endswith-does",[15,126606,126496],{},[20,126608,126609,94],{},[15,126610,126496],{},[30,126612,126613,126616,126622,126625],{},[33,126614,126615],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126617,11706,126618,3176,126620],{},[15,126619,1386],{},[15,126621,3967],{},[33,126623,126624],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126626,126627],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126629,281],{},[57,126631,126633],{"className":59,"code":126632,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126634,126635,126647,126651,126673],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126636,126637,126639,126641,126643,126645],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126638,34756],{"class":72},[66,126640,77],{"class":76},[66,126642,97],{"class":84},[66,126644,60488],{"class":88},[66,126646,376],{"class":84},[66,126648,126649],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126650,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,126652,126653,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663,126665,126667,126669,126671],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,126654,155],{"class":154},[66,126656,158],{"class":80},[66,126658,34777],{"class":137},[66,126660,50],{"class":80},[66,126662,126544],{"class":137},[66,126664,158],{"class":80},[66,126666,85],{"class":84},[66,126668,60673],{"class":88},[66,126670,85],{"class":84},[66,126672,181],{"class":80},[66,126674,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689,126691,126693],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,126676,155],{"class":154},[66,126678,158],{"class":80},[66,126680,34777],{"class":137},[66,126682,50],{"class":80},[66,126684,126544],{"class":137},[66,126686,158],{"class":80},[66,126688,85],{"class":84},[66,126690,4139],{"class":88},[66,126692,85],{"class":84},[66,126694,181],{"class":80},[20,126696,187],{},[57,126698,126699],{"className":59,"code":44250,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126700,126701,126705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126702,126703],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126704,4272],{"class":4146},[66,126706,126707],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126708,4333],{"class":4146},[20,126710,126711,126712,50],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[652,126713,125193],{"href":51054},[52,126715,2455],{"id":2454},[57,126717,126719],{"className":59,"code":126718,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126720,126721],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126722,126723,126725,126727,126729,126731,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126724,61256],{"class":72},[66,126726,50],{"class":80},[66,126728,126544],{"class":137},[66,126730,158],{"class":80},[66,126732,126733],{"class":137},"suffix",[66,126735,105],{"class":80},[66,126737,36122],{"class":137},[66,126739,105],{"class":80},[66,126741,65123],{"class":137},[66,126743,163],{"class":80},[30,126745,126746,126751,126758],{},[33,126747,126748,126750],{},[15,126749,126733],{}," is required",[33,126752,126753,4688,126755,126757],{},[15,126754,36143],{},[15,126756,52740],{}," are optional",[33,126759,126760,4688,126762,126764],{},[15,126761,36143],{},[15,126763,52740],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126766,126767],{},"Basic example:",[57,126769,126771],{"className":59,"code":126770,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126772,126773,126785],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126774,126775,126777,126779,126781,126783],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126776,126521],{"class":72},[66,126778,77],{"class":76},[66,126780,97],{"class":84},[66,126782,86978],{"class":88},[66,126784,376],{"class":84},[66,126786,126787,126789,126791,126793,126795,126797,126799,126801,126803,126805],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126788,155],{"class":154},[66,126790,158],{"class":80},[66,126792,126539],{"class":137},[66,126794,50],{"class":80},[66,126796,126544],{"class":137},[66,126798,158],{"class":80},[66,126800,85],{"class":84},[66,126802,126574],{"class":88},[66,126804,85],{"class":84},[66,126806,181],{"class":80},[20,126808,187],{},[57,126810,126811],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126812,126813],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126814,126815],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126816,4272],{"class":4146},[52,126818,126820],{"id":126819},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1430,126822,126823],{"id":126733},[15,126824,126733],{},[20,126826,126827,30816],{},[15,126828,126733],{},[30,126830,126831,126834],{},[33,126832,126833],{},"A single string",[33,126835,126836],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126838,126839],{},"Single suffix:",[57,126841,126843],{"className":59,"code":126842,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126844,126845,126858],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126846,126847,126849,126851,126853,126856],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126848,8170],{"class":72},[66,126850,77],{"class":76},[66,126852,97],{"class":84},[66,126854,126855],{"class":88},"image.png",[66,126857,376],{"class":84},[66,126859,126860,126862,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126874,126877,126879],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126861,155],{"class":154},[66,126863,158],{"class":80},[66,126865,89],{"class":137},[66,126867,50],{"class":80},[66,126869,126544],{"class":137},[66,126871,158],{"class":80},[66,126873,85],{"class":84},[66,126875,126876],{"class":88},".png",[66,126878,85],{"class":84},[66,126880,181],{"class":80},[20,126882,187],{},[57,126884,126885],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126886,126887],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126888,126889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126890,4272],{"class":4146},[20,126892,126893],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[57,126895,126897],{"className":59,"code":126896,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126898,126899,126911],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126900,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126902,8170],{"class":72},[66,126904,77],{"class":76},[66,126906,97],{"class":84},[66,126908,126855],{"class":88},[66,126910,376],{"class":84},[66,126912,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923,126925,126927,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942,126944,126947,126949],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126914,155],{"class":154},[66,126916,158],{"class":80},[66,126918,89],{"class":137},[66,126920,50],{"class":80},[66,126922,126544],{"class":137},[66,126924,5805],{"class":80},[66,126926,85],{"class":84},[66,126928,126929],{"class":88},".jpg",[66,126931,85],{"class":84},[66,126933,105],{"class":80},[66,126935,97],{"class":84},[66,126937,126876],{"class":88},[66,126939,85],{"class":84},[66,126941,105],{"class":80},[66,126943,97],{"class":84},[66,126945,126946],{"class":88},".gif",[66,126948,85],{"class":84},[66,126950,3210],{"class":80},[20,126952,187],{},[57,126954,126955],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,126956,126957],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126958,126959],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126960,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,126962,126963],{"id":36143},[15,126964,36143],{},[20,126966,126967,126969],{},[15,126968,36143],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[57,126971,126973],{"className":59,"code":126972,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126974,126975,126988],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,126976,126977,126979,126981,126983,126986],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,126978,34756],{"class":72},[66,126980,77],{"class":76},[66,126982,97],{"class":84},[66,126984,126985],{"class":88},"my_report.csv",[66,126987,376],{"class":84},[66,126989,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,126991,155],{"class":154},[66,126993,158],{"class":80},[66,126995,34777],{"class":137},[66,126997,50],{"class":80},[66,126999,126544],{"class":137},[66,127001,158],{"class":80},[66,127003,85],{"class":84},[66,127005,126551],{"class":88},[66,127007,85],{"class":84},[66,127009,105],{"class":80},[66,127011,1724],{"class":117},[66,127013,181],{"class":80},[20,127015,187],{},[57,127017,127018],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127019,127020],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127021,127022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127023,4272],{"class":4146},[20,127025,127026,127027,127029,127030,50],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127028,2360],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127031,127032],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1430,127034,127035],{"id":52740},[15,127036,52740],{},[20,127038,127039,127041],{},[15,127040,52740],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[57,127043,127045],{"className":59,"code":127044,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127046,127047,127060],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127048,127049,127051,127053,127055,127058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127050,34756],{"class":72},[66,127052,77],{"class":76},[66,127054,97],{"class":84},[66,127056,127057],{"class":88},"report.csv backup",[66,127059,376],{"class":84},[66,127061,127062,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127063,155],{"class":154},[66,127065,158],{"class":80},[66,127067,34777],{"class":137},[66,127069,50],{"class":80},[66,127071,126544],{"class":137},[66,127073,158],{"class":80},[66,127075,85],{"class":84},[66,127077,126551],{"class":88},[66,127079,85],{"class":84},[66,127081,105],{"class":80},[66,127083,4127],{"class":117},[66,127085,105],{"class":80},[66,127087,6297],{"class":117},[66,127089,181],{"class":80},[20,127091,187],{},[57,127093,127094],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127095,127096],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127097,127098],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127099,4272],{"class":4146},[20,127101,127102,127103,127105],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127104,127032],{}," and ignores the rest.",[52,127107,793],{"id":792},[20,127109,127110,1576],{},[15,127111,126496],{},[30,127113,127114,127119],{},[33,127115,127116,127118],{},[15,127117,1386],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,127120,127121,127123],{},[15,127122,3967],{}," if it does not",[20,127125,127126,127127,7466],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127128,7291],{},[57,127130,127132],{"className":59,"code":127131,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127133,127134,127147,127151,127172,127187,127193],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127135,127136,127138,127140,127142,127145],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127137,126521],{"class":72},[66,127139,77],{"class":76},[66,127141,97],{"class":84},[66,127143,127144],{"class":88},"data.csv",[66,127146,376],{"class":84},[66,127148,127149],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127150,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,127152,127153,127155,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,127154,7291],{"class":1060},[66,127156,127157],{"class":72}," filename",[66,127159,50],{"class":80},[66,127161,126544],{"class":137},[66,127163,158],{"class":80},[66,127165,85],{"class":84},[66,127167,126551],{"class":88},[66,127169,85],{"class":84},[66,127171,8635],{"class":80},[66,127173,127174,127176,127178,127180,127183,127185],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,127175,1081],{"class":154},[66,127177,158],{"class":80},[66,127179,85],{"class":84},[66,127181,127182],{"class":88},"This is a CSV file.",[66,127184,85],{"class":84},[66,127186,163],{"class":80},[66,127188,127189,127191],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,127190,27498],{"class":1060},[66,127192,1133],{"class":80},[66,127194,127195,127197,127199,127201,127204,127206],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,127196,1081],{"class":154},[66,127198,158],{"class":80},[66,127200,85],{"class":84},[66,127202,127203],{"class":88},"This is not a CSV file.",[66,127205,85],{"class":84},[66,127207,163],{"class":80},[20,127209,187],{},[57,127211,127213],{"className":59,"code":127212,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127214,127215],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127216,127217,127219,127221,127223,127226,127228],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127218,49957],{"class":72},[66,127220,12475],{"class":76},[66,127222,44621],{"class":72},[66,127224,127225],{"class":34521},"CSV",[66,127227,86719],{"class":86718},[66,127229,122470],{"class":80},[52,127231,127233],{"id":127232},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1430,127235,127237],{"id":127236},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[57,127239,127241],{"className":59,"code":127240,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127242,127243,127256],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127244,127245,127247,127249,127251,127254],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127246,126521],{"class":72},[66,127248,77],{"class":76},[66,127250,97],{"class":84},[66,127252,127253],{"class":88},"sales.csv",[66,127255,376],{"class":84},[66,127257,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127259,155],{"class":154},[66,127261,158],{"class":80},[66,127263,126539],{"class":137},[66,127265,50],{"class":80},[66,127267,126544],{"class":137},[66,127269,158],{"class":80},[66,127271,85],{"class":84},[66,127273,126551],{"class":88},[66,127275,85],{"class":84},[66,127277,181],{"class":80},[20,127279,187],{},[57,127281,127282],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127283,127284],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127285,127286],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127287,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,127289,127291],{"id":127290},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[57,127293,127295],{"className":59,"code":127294,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127296,127297,127311],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127298,127299,127302,127304,127306,127309],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127300,127301],{"class":72},"url ",[66,127303,77],{"class":76},[66,127305,97],{"class":84},[66,127307,127308],{"class":88},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[66,127310,376],{"class":84},[66,127312,127313,127315,127317,127320,127322,127324,127326,127328,127331,127333],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127314,155],{"class":154},[66,127316,158],{"class":80},[66,127318,127319],{"class":137},"url",[66,127321,50],{"class":80},[66,127323,126544],{"class":137},[66,127325,158],{"class":80},[66,127327,85],{"class":84},[66,127329,127330],{"class":88},"\u002F",[66,127332,85],{"class":84},[66,127334,181],{"class":80},[20,127336,187],{},[57,127338,127339],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127340,127341],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127342,127343],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127344,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,127346,127348],{"id":127347},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[57,127350,127352],{"className":59,"code":127351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127353,127354,127367],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127355,127356,127358,127360,127362,127365],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127357,90090],{"class":72},[66,127359,77],{"class":76},[66,127361,97],{"class":84},[66,127363,127364],{"class":88},"Hello!",[66,127366,376],{"class":84},[66,127368,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127370,155],{"class":154},[66,127372,158],{"class":80},[66,127374,90107],{"class":137},[66,127376,50],{"class":80},[66,127378,126544],{"class":137},[66,127380,158],{"class":80},[66,127382,85],{"class":84},[66,127384,89931],{"class":88},[66,127386,85],{"class":84},[66,127388,181],{"class":80},[20,127390,187],{},[57,127392,127393],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127394,127395],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127396,127397],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127398,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,127400,127402],{"id":127401},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[57,127404,127406],{"className":59,"code":127405,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127407,127408,127421],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127409,127410,127412,127414,127416,127419],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127411,126521],{"class":72},[66,127413,77],{"class":76},[66,127415,97],{"class":84},[66,127417,127418],{"class":88},"photo.jpg",[66,127420,376],{"class":84},[66,127422,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127424,155],{"class":154},[66,127426,158],{"class":80},[66,127428,126539],{"class":137},[66,127430,50],{"class":80},[66,127432,126544],{"class":137},[66,127434,5805],{"class":80},[66,127436,85],{"class":84},[66,127438,126929],{"class":88},[66,127440,85],{"class":84},[66,127442,105],{"class":80},[66,127444,97],{"class":84},[66,127446,126876],{"class":88},[66,127448,85],{"class":84},[66,127450,105],{"class":80},[66,127452,97],{"class":84},[66,127454,126946],{"class":88},[66,127456,85],{"class":84},[66,127458,3210],{"class":80},[20,127460,187],{},[57,127462,127463],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127464,127465],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127466,127467],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127468,4272],{"class":4146},[20,127470,127471,127472,50],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[652,127473,127474],{"href":123693},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[52,127476,124085],{"id":124084},[20,127478,127479,123896],{},[15,127480,126496],{},[20,127482,127483,127484,4688,127487,127490],{},"That means ",[15,127485,127486],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127488,127489],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[57,127492,127494],{"className":59,"code":127493,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127495,127496,127509,127513,127535],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127497,127498,127500,127502,127504,127507],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127499,126521],{"class":72},[66,127501,77],{"class":76},[66,127503,97],{"class":84},[66,127505,127506],{"class":88},"REPORT.CSV",[66,127508,376],{"class":84},[66,127510,127511],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127512,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,127514,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,127516,155],{"class":154},[66,127518,158],{"class":80},[66,127520,126539],{"class":137},[66,127522,50],{"class":80},[66,127524,126544],{"class":137},[66,127526,158],{"class":80},[66,127528,85],{"class":84},[66,127530,126551],{"class":88},[66,127532,85],{"class":84},[66,127534,181],{"class":80},[66,127536,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551,127554,127556],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,127538,155],{"class":154},[66,127540,158],{"class":80},[66,127542,126539],{"class":137},[66,127544,50],{"class":80},[66,127546,126544],{"class":137},[66,127548,158],{"class":80},[66,127550,85],{"class":84},[66,127552,127553],{"class":88},".CSV",[66,127555,85],{"class":84},[66,127557,181],{"class":80},[20,127559,187],{},[57,127561,127563],{"className":59,"code":127562,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127564,127565,127569],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127566,127567],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127568,4333],{"class":4146},[66,127570,127571],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127572,4272],{"class":4146},[20,127574,127575,127576,50],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[652,127577,127578],{"href":124165},[15,127579,124168],{},[57,127581,127583],{"className":59,"code":127582,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127584,127585,127597],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127586,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127588,126521],{"class":72},[66,127590,77],{"class":76},[66,127592,97],{"class":84},[66,127594,127506],{"class":88},[66,127596,376],{"class":84},[66,127598,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617,127619,127621],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127600,155],{"class":154},[66,127602,158],{"class":80},[66,127604,126539],{"class":137},[66,127606,50],{"class":80},[66,127608,8933],{"class":137},[66,127610,8930],{"class":80},[66,127612,126544],{"class":137},[66,127614,158],{"class":80},[66,127616,85],{"class":84},[66,127618,126551],{"class":88},[66,127620,85],{"class":84},[66,127622,181],{"class":80},[20,127624,187],{},[57,127626,127627],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127628,127629],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127630,127631],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127632,4272],{"class":4146},[52,127634,127636],{"id":127635},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127638,127639],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[57,127641,127643],{"className":59,"code":127642,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127644,127645,127658],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127646,127647,127649,127651,127653,127656],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127648,126521],{"class":72},[66,127650,77],{"class":76},[66,127652,97],{"class":84},[66,127654,127655],{"class":88},"picture.gif",[66,127657,376],{"class":84},[66,127659,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692,127694],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127661,155],{"class":154},[66,127663,158],{"class":80},[66,127665,126539],{"class":137},[66,127667,50],{"class":80},[66,127669,126544],{"class":137},[66,127671,5805],{"class":80},[66,127673,85],{"class":84},[66,127675,126929],{"class":88},[66,127677,85],{"class":84},[66,127679,105],{"class":80},[66,127681,97],{"class":84},[66,127683,126876],{"class":88},[66,127685,85],{"class":84},[66,127687,105],{"class":80},[66,127689,97],{"class":84},[66,127691,126946],{"class":88},[66,127693,85],{"class":84},[66,127695,3210],{"class":80},[20,127697,187],{},[57,127699,127700],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127701,127702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127703,127704],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127705,4272],{"class":4146},[20,127707,127708],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127710,52159],{},[57,127712,127714],{"className":59,"code":127713,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127715,127716,127729,127764,127768],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127717,127718,127721,127723,127725,127727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127719,127720],{"class":72},"document ",[66,127722,77],{"class":76},[66,127724,97],{"class":84},[66,127726,86978],{"class":88},[66,127728,376],{"class":84},[66,127730,127731,127734,127736,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127751,127753,127755,127757,127760,127762],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127732,127733],{"class":72},"allowed ",[66,127735,77],{"class":76},[66,127737,9527],{"class":80},[66,127739,85],{"class":84},[66,127741,126574],{"class":88},[66,127743,85],{"class":84},[66,127745,105],{"class":80},[66,127747,97],{"class":84},[66,127749,127750],{"class":88},".md",[66,127752,85],{"class":84},[66,127754,105],{"class":80},[66,127756,97],{"class":84},[66,127758,127759],{"class":88},".docx",[66,127761,85],{"class":84},[66,127763,163],{"class":80},[66,127765,127766],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,127767,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,127769,127770,127772,127774,127777,127779,127781,127783,127786],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,127771,155],{"class":154},[66,127773,158],{"class":80},[66,127775,127776],{"class":137},"document",[66,127778,50],{"class":80},[66,127780,126544],{"class":137},[66,127782,158],{"class":80},[66,127784,127785],{"class":137},"allowed",[66,127787,181],{"class":80},[20,127789,187],{},[57,127791,127792],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127793,127794],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127795,127796],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127797,4272],{"class":4146},[20,127799,127800,127801,50],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[652,127802,126438,127804,978],{"href":127803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127805,127806],{},"startswith()",[52,127808,1838],{"id":1837},[20,127810,8740,127811,50],{},[15,127812,126496],{},[1430,127814,127816],{"id":127815},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127818,4821],{},[57,127820,127822],{"className":59,"code":127821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127823,127824,127836],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127825,127826,127828,127830,127832,127834],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127827,126521],{"class":72},[66,127829,77],{"class":76},[66,127831,97],{"class":84},[66,127833,127418],{"class":88},[66,127835,376],{"class":84},[66,127837,127838],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127839,127840],{"class":1945},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127842,127843],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[57,127845,127847],{"className":59,"code":127846,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127848,127849,127861],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127850,127851,127853,127855,127857,127859],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127852,126521],{"class":72},[66,127854,77],{"class":76},[66,127856,97],{"class":84},[66,127858,127418],{"class":88},[66,127860,376],{"class":84},[66,127862,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127864,155],{"class":154},[66,127866,158],{"class":80},[66,127868,126539],{"class":137},[66,127870,50],{"class":80},[66,127872,126544],{"class":137},[66,127874,5805],{"class":80},[66,127876,85],{"class":84},[66,127878,126929],{"class":88},[66,127880,85],{"class":84},[66,127882,105],{"class":80},[66,127884,97],{"class":84},[66,127886,126876],{"class":88},[66,127888,85],{"class":84},[66,127890,3210],{"class":80},[1430,127892,127894],{"id":127893},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[57,127896,127898],{"className":59,"code":127897,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127899,127900,127912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127901,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127903,126521],{"class":72},[66,127905,77],{"class":76},[66,127907,97],{"class":84},[66,127909,127506],{"class":88},[66,127911,376],{"class":84},[66,127913,127914,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127915,155],{"class":154},[66,127917,158],{"class":80},[66,127919,126539],{"class":137},[66,127921,50],{"class":80},[66,127923,126544],{"class":137},[66,127925,158],{"class":80},[66,127927,85],{"class":84},[66,127929,126551],{"class":88},[66,127931,85],{"class":84},[66,127933,181],{"class":80},[20,127935,187],{},[57,127937,127938],{"className":59,"code":4333,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127939,127940],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127941,127942],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127943,4333],{"class":4146},[20,127945,39335],{},[57,127947,127948],{"className":59,"code":127582,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,127949,127950,127962],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,127951,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,127953,126521],{"class":72},[66,127955,77],{"class":76},[66,127957,97],{"class":84},[66,127959,127506],{"class":88},[66,127961,376],{"class":84},[66,127963,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,127965,155],{"class":154},[66,127967,158],{"class":80},[66,127969,126539],{"class":137},[66,127971,50],{"class":80},[66,127973,8933],{"class":137},[66,127975,8930],{"class":80},[66,127977,126544],{"class":137},[66,127979,158],{"class":80},[66,127981,85],{"class":84},[66,127983,126551],{"class":88},[66,127985,85],{"class":84},[66,127987,181],{"class":80},[1430,127989,37276,127991,8997,127993],{"id":127990},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127992,126496],{},[15,127994,1067],{},[20,127996,127997,127999],{},[15,127998,126496],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[57,128001,128003],{"className":59,"code":128002,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128004,128005,128018,128022,128044],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128006,128007,128009,128011,128013,128016],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128008,34756],{"class":72},[66,128010,77],{"class":76},[66,128012,97],{"class":84},[66,128014,128015],{"class":88},"my_report.csv.backup",[66,128017,376],{"class":84},[66,128019,128020],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128021,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,128023,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,128025,155],{"class":154},[66,128027,158],{"class":80},[66,128029,34777],{"class":137},[66,128031,50],{"class":80},[66,128033,126544],{"class":137},[66,128035,158],{"class":80},[66,128037,85],{"class":84},[66,128039,126551],{"class":88},[66,128041,85],{"class":84},[66,128043,181],{"class":80},[66,128045,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,128047,155],{"class":154},[66,128049,158],{"class":80},[66,128051,85],{"class":84},[66,128053,126551],{"class":88},[66,128055,85],{"class":84},[66,128057,1372],{"class":1060},[66,128059,42917],{"class":137},[66,128061,163],{"class":80},[20,128063,187],{},[57,128065,128066],{"className":59,"code":127562,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,128067,128068,128072],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128069,128070],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128071,4333],{"class":4146},[66,128073,128074],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128075,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,128077,1433,128079,128081],{"id":128078},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128080,126496],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128083,128084,128086],{},[15,128085,126496],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[57,128088,128090],{"className":59,"code":128089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128091,128092,128104,128126],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128093,128094,128096,128098,128100,128102],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128095,126521],{"class":72},[66,128097,77],{"class":76},[66,128099,97],{"class":84},[66,128101,126528],{"class":88},[66,128103,376],{"class":84},[66,128105,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128107,155],{"class":154},[66,128109,158],{"class":80},[66,128111,126539],{"class":137},[66,128113,50],{"class":80},[66,128115,126544],{"class":137},[66,128117,158],{"class":80},[66,128119,85],{"class":84},[66,128121,126551],{"class":88},[66,128123,85],{"class":84},[66,128125,181],{"class":80},[66,128127,128128,128130,128132,128134],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,128129,155],{"class":154},[66,128131,158],{"class":80},[66,128133,126539],{"class":137},[66,128135,163],{"class":80},[20,128137,187],{},[57,128139,128141],{"className":59,"code":128140,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128142,128143,128147],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128144,128145],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128146,4272],{"class":4146},[66,128148,128149,128152,128154],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128150,128151],{"class":72},"report",[66,128153,50],{"class":80},[66,128155,128156],{"class":784},"csv\n",[20,128158,128159,128160,50],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[652,128161,128162],{"href":124606},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128164,66146],{},[30,128166,128167,128170,128173,128176],{},[33,128168,128169],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,128171,128172],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,128174,128175],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,128177,1848,128178,44706,128180,3176,128182,111635],{},[15,128179,126496],{},[15,128181,124609],{},[15,128183,41728],{},[20,128185,30201],{},[57,128187,128189],{"className":59,"code":128188,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128190,128191,128201,128215,128237,128263],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128192,128193,128195,128197,128199],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128194,155],{"class":154},[66,128196,158],{"class":80},[66,128198,34777],{"class":137},[66,128200,163],{"class":80},[66,128202,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128204,155],{"class":154},[66,128206,158],{"class":80},[66,128208,41854],{"class":154},[66,128210,158],{"class":80},[66,128212,34777],{"class":137},[66,128214,181],{"class":80},[66,128216,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,128218,155],{"class":154},[66,128220,158],{"class":80},[66,128222,34777],{"class":137},[66,128224,50],{"class":80},[66,128226,126544],{"class":137},[66,128228,158],{"class":80},[66,128230,202],{"class":84},[66,128232,126551],{"class":88},[66,128234,202],{"class":84},[66,128236,181],{"class":80},[66,128238,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,128240,155],{"class":154},[66,128242,158],{"class":80},[66,128244,34777],{"class":137},[66,128246,50],{"class":80},[66,128248,8933],{"class":137},[66,128250,8930],{"class":80},[66,128252,126544],{"class":137},[66,128254,158],{"class":80},[66,128256,202],{"class":84},[66,128258,126551],{"class":88},[66,128260,202],{"class":84},[66,128262,181],{"class":80},[66,128264,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,128266,155],{"class":154},[66,128268,158],{"class":80},[66,128270,912],{"class":173},[66,128272,158],{"class":80},[66,128274,34777],{"class":137},[66,128276,181],{"class":80},[52,128278,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,128280,12986,128282,128284],{"id":128281},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128283,126496],{}," change the string?",[20,128286,128287,128288,3176,128290,50],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128289,1386],{},[15,128291,3967],{},[1430,128293,5465,128295,128297],{"id":128294},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128296,126496],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128299,128300,128301,50],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128302,128303],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1430,128305,2131,128307,124774],{"id":128306},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128308,126496],{},[20,128310,128311,128312,3176,128314,128317],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128313,124168],{},[15,128315,128316],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1430,128319,5475,128321,4688,128323,2151],{"id":128320},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128322,126496],{},[15,128324,124433],{},[20,128326,128327,128329,128330,128332],{},[15,128328,126496],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128331,124433],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[52,128334,2183],{"id":2182},[30,128336,128337,128343,128349,128353,128357],{},[33,128338,128339],{},[652,128340,126438,128341,978],{"href":127803},[15,128342,127806],{},[33,128344,128345],{},[652,128346,126438,128347,978],{"href":124165},[15,128348,124168],{},[33,128350,128351],{},[652,128352,124837],{"href":123693},[33,128354,128355],{},[652,128356,124844],{"href":124606},[33,128358,128359],{},[652,128360,125193],{"href":51054},[2222,128362,128363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":128365},[128366,128367,128369,128370,128375,128376,128382,128383,128384,128392,128402],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":126604,"depth":124,"text":128368},"What endswith() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":126819,"depth":124,"text":126820,"children":128371},[128372,128373,128374],{"id":126733,"depth":144,"text":126733},{"id":36143,"depth":144,"text":36143},{"id":52740,"depth":144,"text":52740},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":127232,"depth":124,"text":127233,"children":128377},[128378,128379,128380,128381],{"id":127236,"depth":144,"text":127237},{"id":127290,"depth":144,"text":127291},{"id":127347,"depth":144,"text":127348},{"id":127401,"depth":144,"text":127402},{"id":124084,"depth":124,"text":124085},{"id":127635,"depth":124,"text":127636},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":128385},[128386,128387,128388,128390],{"id":127815,"depth":144,"text":127816},{"id":127893,"depth":144,"text":127894},{"id":127990,"depth":144,"text":128389},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128078,"depth":144,"text":128391},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":128393},[128394,128396,128398,128400],{"id":128281,"depth":144,"text":128395},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128294,"depth":144,"text":128397},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128306,"depth":144,"text":128399},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128320,"depth":144,"text":128401},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126488,"description":128403},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128410,"title":128411,"body":128412,"description":130080,"extension":2260,"meta":130081,"navigation":147,"path":130082,"seo":130083,"stem":130084,"__hash__":130085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128413,"toc":130053},[128414,128419,128424,128429,128434,128527,128537,128542,128547,128562,128564,128646,128654,128656,128658,128685,128687,128703,128710,128712,128820,128822,128827,128843,128845,128940,128948,128951,128957,128962,128967,128974,129113,129116,129129,129131,129135,129142,129212,129215,129264,129271,129278,129292,129297,129302,129348,129394,129410,129412,129417,129431,129434,129556,129561,129563,129568,129601,129604,129680,129682,129691,129705,129708,129792,129795,129906,129909,129937,129939,129946,129950,129956,129959,129965,129968,129975,129986,129992,129999,130001,130050],[10,128415,123438,128417,18],{"id":128416},"python-string-find-method",[15,128418,124433],{},[20,128420,123443,128421,128423],{},[15,128422,124433],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128425,128426,128427,50],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128428,65937],{},[20,128430,243,128431,128433],{},[15,128432,124433],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[57,128435,128437],{"className":59,"code":128436,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128438,128439,128451,128474,128487,128491,128514],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128440,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128442,34756],{"class":72},[66,128444,77],{"class":76},[66,128446,97],{"class":84},[66,128448,60488],{"class":88},[66,128450,376],{"class":84},[66,128452,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128454,65002],{"class":72},[66,128456,77],{"class":76},[66,128458,42917],{"class":72},[66,128460,50],{"class":80},[66,128462,128463],{"class":137},"find",[66,128465,158],{"class":80},[66,128467,85],{"class":84},[66,128469,60673],{"class":88},[66,128471,85],{"class":84},[66,128473,163],{"class":80},[66,128475,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,128477,155],{"class":154},[66,128479,158],{"class":80},[66,128481,65029],{"class":137},[66,128483,3954],{"class":80},[66,128485,128486],{"class":1945},"   # 6\n",[66,128488,128489],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,128490,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,128492,128493,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,128494,128495],{"class":72},"missing ",[66,128497,77],{"class":76},[66,128499,42917],{"class":72},[66,128501,50],{"class":80},[66,128503,128463],{"class":137},[66,128505,158],{"class":80},[66,128507,85],{"class":84},[66,128509,61],{"class":88},[66,128511,85],{"class":84},[66,128513,163],{"class":80},[66,128515,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,128517,155],{"class":154},[66,128519,158],{"class":80},[66,128521,26837],{"class":137},[66,128523,3954],{"class":80},[66,128525,128526],{"class":1945},"    # -1\n",[43656,128528,128529],{},[20,128530,243,128531,128533,128534,128536],{},[15,128532,124433],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128535,65937],{}," if the substring is not found.",[52,128538,250,128540,253],{"id":128539},"what-find-does",[15,128541,124433],{},[20,128543,128544,128546],{},[15,128545,124433],{}," is a string method that:",[30,128548,128549,128552,128555,128560],{},[33,128550,128551],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,128553,128554],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,128556,11706,128557,128559],{},[15,128558,65937],{}," if no match is found",[33,128561,126624],{},[20,128563,281],{},[57,128565,128567],{"className":59,"code":128566,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128568,128569,128581,128585,128609,128633],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128570,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128572,34756],{"class":72},[66,128574,77],{"class":76},[66,128576,97],{"class":84},[66,128578,4381],{"class":88},[66,128580,376],{"class":84},[66,128582,128583],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128584,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,128586,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,128588,155],{"class":154},[66,128590,158],{"class":80},[66,128592,34777],{"class":137},[66,128594,50],{"class":80},[66,128596,128463],{"class":137},[66,128598,158],{"class":80},[66,128600,85],{"class":84},[66,128602,123531],{"class":88},[66,128604,85],{"class":84},[66,128606,5658],{"class":80},[66,128608,57726],{"class":1945},[66,128610,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,128612,155],{"class":154},[66,128614,158],{"class":80},[66,128616,34777],{"class":137},[66,128618,50],{"class":80},[66,128620,128463],{"class":137},[66,128622,158],{"class":80},[66,128624,85],{"class":84},[66,128626,2471],{"class":88},[66,128628,85],{"class":84},[66,128630,5658],{"class":80},[66,128632,128526],{"class":1945},[66,128634,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,128636,155],{"class":154},[66,128638,158],{"class":80},[66,128640,34777],{"class":137},[66,128642,3954],{"class":80},[66,128644,128645],{"class":1945},"              # banana\n",[20,128647,21030,128648,128651,128652,50],{},[15,128649,128650],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128653,2354],{},[52,128655,2455],{"id":2454},[20,128657,662],{},[57,128659,128661],{"className":59,"code":128660,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128662,128663],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128664,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128666,61256],{"class":72},[66,128668,50],{"class":80},[66,128670,128463],{"class":137},[66,128672,158],{"class":80},[66,128674,2771],{"class":137},[66,128676,105],{"class":80},[66,128678,36122],{"class":137},[66,128680,105],{"class":80},[66,128682,65123],{"class":137},[66,128684,163],{"class":80},[1430,128686,17658],{"id":17657},[30,128688,128689,128693,128698],{},[33,128690,128691,123630],{},[15,128692,2771],{},[33,128694,128695,128697],{},[15,128696,36143],{},": optional starting position",[33,128699,128700,128702],{},[15,128701,52740],{},": optional ending position",[20,128704,128705,4688,128707,128709],{},[15,128706,36143],{},[15,128708,52740],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128711,126767],{},[57,128713,128715],{"className":59,"code":128714,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128716,128717,128729,128733,128758,128787],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128718,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128720,34756],{"class":72},[66,128722,77],{"class":76},[66,128724,97],{"class":84},[66,128726,60488],{"class":88},[66,128728,376],{"class":84},[66,128730,128731],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128732,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,128734,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,128736,155],{"class":154},[66,128738,158],{"class":80},[66,128740,34777],{"class":137},[66,128742,50],{"class":80},[66,128744,128463],{"class":137},[66,128746,158],{"class":80},[66,128748,85],{"class":84},[66,128750,60555],{"class":88},[66,128752,85],{"class":84},[66,128754,5658],{"class":80},[66,128756,128757],{"class":1945},"        # 4\n",[66,128759,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,128761,155],{"class":154},[66,128763,158],{"class":80},[66,128765,34777],{"class":137},[66,128767,50],{"class":80},[66,128769,128463],{"class":137},[66,128771,158],{"class":80},[66,128773,85],{"class":84},[66,128775,60555],{"class":88},[66,128777,85],{"class":84},[66,128779,105],{"class":80},[66,128781,1231],{"class":117},[66,128783,5658],{"class":80},[66,128785,128786],{"class":1945},"     # 7\n",[66,128788,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,128790,155],{"class":154},[66,128792,158],{"class":80},[66,128794,34777],{"class":137},[66,128796,50],{"class":80},[66,128798,128463],{"class":137},[66,128800,158],{"class":80},[66,128802,85],{"class":84},[66,128804,60555],{"class":88},[66,128806,85],{"class":84},[66,128808,105],{"class":80},[66,128810,1231],{"class":117},[66,128812,105],{"class":80},[66,128814,6286],{"class":117},[66,128816,5658],{"class":80},[66,128818,128819],{"class":1945},"  # -1\n",[52,128821,38093],{"id":38092},[20,128823,57625,128824,128826],{},[15,128825,124433],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128828,128829,128835,128838],{},[33,128830,128831,128832,128834],{},"A number ",[15,128833,2021],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128836,128837],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128839,128840,128842],{},[15,128841,65937],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128844,281],{},[57,128846,128848],{"className":59,"code":128847,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128849,128850,128862,128866,128891,128916],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128851,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128853,34756],{"class":72},[66,128855,77],{"class":76},[66,128857,97],{"class":84},[66,128859,61],{"class":88},[66,128861,376],{"class":84},[66,128863,128864],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128865,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,128867,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882,128885,128887,128889],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,128869,155],{"class":154},[66,128871,158],{"class":80},[66,128873,34777],{"class":137},[66,128875,50],{"class":80},[66,128877,128463],{"class":137},[66,128879,158],{"class":80},[66,128881,85],{"class":84},[66,128883,128884],{"class":88},"py",[66,128886,85],{"class":84},[66,128888,5658],{"class":80},[66,128890,21027],{"class":1945},[66,128892,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128910,128912,128914],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,128894,155],{"class":154},[66,128896,158],{"class":80},[66,128898,34777],{"class":137},[66,128900,50],{"class":80},[66,128902,128463],{"class":137},[66,128904,158],{"class":80},[66,128906,85],{"class":84},[66,128908,128909],{"class":88},"th",[66,128911,85],{"class":84},[66,128913,5658],{"class":80},[66,128915,57726],{"class":1945},[66,128917,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,128919,155],{"class":154},[66,128921,158],{"class":80},[66,128923,34777],{"class":137},[66,128925,50],{"class":80},[66,128927,128463],{"class":137},[66,128929,158],{"class":80},[66,128931,85],{"class":84},[66,128933,22332],{"class":88},[66,128935,85],{"class":84},[66,128937,5658],{"class":80},[66,128939,128526],{"class":1945},[20,128941,89993,128942,8748,128944,3176,128946,50],{},[15,128943,124433],{},[15,128945,1386],{},[15,128947,3967],{},[20,128949,128950],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[52,128952,1848,128953,4688,128955],{"id":65489},[15,128954,36143],{},[15,128956,52740],{},[20,128958,243,128959,128961],{},[15,128960,36143],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128963,243,128964,128966],{},[15,128965,52740],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128968,2277,128969,75545,128971,128973],{},[15,128970,52740],{},[185,128972,65152],{}," in the search.",[57,128975,128977],{"className":59,"code":128976,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128978,128979,128992,128996,129020,129049,129081],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,128980,128981,128983,128985,128987,128990],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,128982,34756],{"class":72},[66,128984,77],{"class":76},[66,128986,97],{"class":84},[66,128988,128989],{"class":88},"one two three two",[66,128991,376],{"class":84},[66,128993,128994],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,128995,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,128997,128998,129000,129002,129004,129006,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,128999,155],{"class":154},[66,129001,158],{"class":80},[66,129003,34777],{"class":137},[66,129005,50],{"class":80},[66,129007,128463],{"class":137},[66,129009,158],{"class":80},[66,129011,85],{"class":84},[66,129013,79354],{"class":88},[66,129015,85],{"class":84},[66,129017,5658],{"class":80},[66,129019,128757],{"class":1945},[66,129021,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,129023,155],{"class":154},[66,129025,158],{"class":80},[66,129027,34777],{"class":137},[66,129029,50],{"class":80},[66,129031,128463],{"class":137},[66,129033,158],{"class":80},[66,129035,85],{"class":84},[66,129037,79354],{"class":88},[66,129039,85],{"class":84},[66,129041,105],{"class":80},[66,129043,1231],{"class":117},[66,129045,5658],{"class":80},[66,129047,129048],{"class":1945},"     # 14\n",[66,129050,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,129052,155],{"class":154},[66,129054,158],{"class":80},[66,129056,34777],{"class":137},[66,129058,50],{"class":80},[66,129060,128463],{"class":137},[66,129062,158],{"class":80},[66,129064,85],{"class":84},[66,129066,79354],{"class":88},[66,129068,85],{"class":84},[66,129070,105],{"class":80},[66,129072,4127],{"class":117},[66,129074,105],{"class":80},[66,129076,6286],{"class":117},[66,129078,5658],{"class":80},[66,129080,51014],{"class":1945},[66,129082,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,129084,155],{"class":154},[66,129086,158],{"class":80},[66,129088,34777],{"class":137},[66,129090,50],{"class":80},[66,129092,128463],{"class":137},[66,129094,158],{"class":80},[66,129096,85],{"class":84},[66,129098,79354],{"class":88},[66,129100,85],{"class":84},[66,129102,105],{"class":80},[66,129104,4127],{"class":117},[66,129106,105],{"class":80},[66,129108,2755],{"class":117},[66,129110,5658],{"class":80},[66,129112,128819],{"class":1945},[20,129114,129115],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129117,129118,129119,55149,129123,50],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[652,129120,129122],{"href":129121},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[652,129124,129126,129128],{"href":129125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129127,60613],{}," string method",[52,129130,124085],{"id":124084},[20,129132,129133,123896],{},[15,129134,124433],{},[20,129136,127483,129137,4688,129139,129141],{},[15,129138,90501],{},[15,129140,64617],{}," are treated as different text.",[57,129143,129145],{"className":59,"code":129144,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129146,129147,129160,129164,129188],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129148,129149,129151,129153,129155,129158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129150,34756],{"class":72},[66,129152,77],{"class":76},[66,129154,97],{"class":84},[66,129156,129157],{"class":88},"Hello World",[66,129159,376],{"class":84},[66,129161,129162],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,129163,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,129165,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,129167,155],{"class":154},[66,129169,158],{"class":80},[66,129171,34777],{"class":137},[66,129173,50],{"class":80},[66,129175,128463],{"class":137},[66,129177,158],{"class":80},[66,129179,85],{"class":84},[66,129181,34936],{"class":88},[66,129183,85],{"class":84},[66,129185,5658],{"class":80},[66,129187,51326],{"class":1945},[66,129189,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,129191,155],{"class":154},[66,129193,158],{"class":80},[66,129195,34777],{"class":137},[66,129197,50],{"class":80},[66,129199,128463],{"class":137},[66,129201,158],{"class":80},[66,129203,85],{"class":84},[66,129205,4139],{"class":88},[66,129207,85],{"class":84},[66,129209,5658],{"class":80},[66,129211,128819],{"class":1945},[20,129213,129214],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[57,129216,129218],{"className":59,"code":129217,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129219,129220,129232,129236],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129221,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129223,34756],{"class":72},[66,129225,77],{"class":76},[66,129227,97],{"class":84},[66,129229,129157],{"class":88},[66,129231,376],{"class":84},[66,129233,129234],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,129235,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,129237,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,129239,155],{"class":154},[66,129241,158],{"class":80},[66,129243,34777],{"class":137},[66,129245,50],{"class":80},[66,129247,8933],{"class":137},[66,129249,8930],{"class":80},[66,129251,128463],{"class":137},[66,129253,158],{"class":80},[66,129255,85],{"class":84},[66,129257,4139],{"class":88},[66,129259,85],{"class":84},[66,129261,5658],{"class":80},[66,129263,51326],{"class":1945},[52,129265,129267,10871,129269],{"id":129266},"find-vs-index",[15,129268,124433],{},[15,129270,59049],{},[20,129272,129273,4688,129275,129277],{},[15,129274,124433],{},[15,129276,59049],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,129279,129280,129286],{},[33,129281,129282,2695,129284],{},[15,129283,124433],{},[15,129285,65937],{},[33,129287,129288,52574,129290],{},[15,129289,59049],{},[15,129291,40778],{},[20,129293,243,129294,129296],{},[15,129295,124433],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129298,243,129299,129301],{},[15,129300,59049],{}," when the value must exist.",[57,129303,129305],{"className":59,"code":129304,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129306,129307,129319,129323],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129308,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129310,34756],{"class":72},[66,129312,77],{"class":76},[66,129314,97],{"class":84},[66,129316,4139],{"class":88},[66,129318,376],{"class":84},[66,129320,129321],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,129322,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,129324,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343,129345],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,129326,155],{"class":154},[66,129328,158],{"class":80},[66,129330,34777],{"class":137},[66,129332,50],{"class":80},[66,129334,128463],{"class":137},[66,129336,158],{"class":80},[66,129338,85],{"class":84},[66,129340,2471],{"class":88},[66,129342,85],{"class":84},[66,129344,5658],{"class":80},[66,129346,129347],{"class":1945},"   # -1\n",[57,129349,129351],{"className":59,"code":129350,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129352,129353,129365,129369],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129354,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129356,34756],{"class":72},[66,129358,77],{"class":76},[66,129360,97],{"class":84},[66,129362,4139],{"class":88},[66,129364,376],{"class":84},[66,129366,129367],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,129368,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,129370,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,129372,155],{"class":154},[66,129374,158],{"class":80},[66,129376,34777],{"class":137},[66,129378,50],{"class":80},[66,129380,35916],{"class":137},[66,129382,158],{"class":80},[66,129384,85],{"class":84},[66,129386,2471],{"class":88},[66,129388,85],{"class":84},[66,129390,5658],{"class":80},[66,129392,129393],{"class":1945},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129395,129396,129397,129401,129402,129404,129405,50],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[652,129398,129399,129128],{"href":124458},[15,129400,59049],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129403,59049],{},", read ",[652,129406,1755,129407],{"href":73565},[15,129408,129409],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[52,129411,41120],{"id":41119},[20,129413,35475,129414,129416],{},[15,129415,124433],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,129418,129419,129422,129425,129428],{},[33,129420,129421],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,129423,129424],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,129426,129427],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,129429,129430],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129432,129433],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[57,129435,129437],{"className":59,"code":129436,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129438,129439,129452,129475,129479,129494,129510,129529,129543],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129440,129441,129443,129445,129447,129450],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129442,34756],{"class":72},[66,129444,77],{"class":76},[66,129446,97],{"class":84},[66,129448,129449],{"class":88},"name:Alice",[66,129451,376],{"class":84},[66,129453,129454,129457,129459,129461,129463,129465,129467,129469,129471,129473],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,129455,129456],{"class":72},"colon_pos ",[66,129458,77],{"class":76},[66,129460,42917],{"class":72},[66,129462,50],{"class":80},[66,129464,128463],{"class":137},[66,129466,158],{"class":80},[66,129468,85],{"class":84},[66,129470,94],{"class":88},[66,129472,85],{"class":84},[66,129474,163],{"class":80},[66,129476,129477],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,129478,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,129480,129481,129483,129486,129488,129490,129492],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,129482,7291],{"class":1060},[66,129484,129485],{"class":72}," colon_pos ",[66,129487,72675],{"class":76},[66,129489,2520],{"class":76},[66,129491,1714],{"class":117},[66,129493,1133],{"class":80},[66,129495,129496,129499,129501,129503,129505,129508],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,129497,129498],{"class":72},"    label ",[66,129500,77],{"class":76},[66,129502,42917],{"class":72},[66,129504,75618],{"class":80},[66,129506,129507],{"class":72},"colon_pos",[66,129509,240],{"class":80},[66,129511,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520,129522,129524,129526],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,129513,27465],{"class":72},[66,129515,77],{"class":76},[66,129517,42917],{"class":72},[66,129519,223],{"class":80},[66,129521,129456],{"class":72},[66,129523,2357],{"class":76},[66,129525,1896],{"class":117},[66,129527,129528],{"class":80},":]\n",[66,129530,129531,129533,129535,129538,129540],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,129532,1081],{"class":154},[66,129534,158],{"class":80},[66,129536,129537],{"class":137},"label",[66,129539,3954],{"class":80},[66,129541,129542],{"class":1945},"  # name\n",[66,129544,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,129546,1081],{"class":154},[66,129548,158],{"class":80},[66,129550,2771],{"class":137},[66,129552,3954],{"class":80},[66,129554,129555],{"class":1945},"  # Alice\n",[20,129557,129558,129559,50],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[652,129560,127474],{"href":123693},[52,129562,1838],{"id":1837},[20,129564,129565,129566,94],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129567,124433],{},[30,129569,129570,129579,129585,129590,129596],{},[33,129571,1433,129572,8748,129574,3176,129576,129578],{},[15,129573,124433],{},[15,129575,1386],{},[15,129577,3967],{}," instead of an index",[33,129580,129581,129582,129584],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129583,65937],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,129586,1848,129587,129589],{},[15,129588,124433],{}," without handling case differences",[33,129591,37276,129592,8997,129594],{},[15,129593,124433],{},[15,129595,59049],{},[33,129597,4875,129598,129600],{},[15,129599,124433],{}," changes the string",[20,129602,129603],{},"Example of a mistake:",[57,129605,129607],{"className":59,"code":129606,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129608,129609,129621,129625,129645,129660,129666],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129610,129611,129613,129615,129617,129619],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129612,34756],{"class":72},[66,129614,77],{"class":76},[66,129616,97],{"class":84},[66,129618,4139],{"class":88},[66,129620,376],{"class":84},[66,129622,129623],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,129624,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,129626,129627,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,129628,7291],{"class":1060},[66,129630,42917],{"class":72},[66,129632,50],{"class":80},[66,129634,128463],{"class":137},[66,129636,158],{"class":80},[66,129638,85],{"class":84},[66,129640,60520],{"class":88},[66,129642,85],{"class":84},[66,129644,8635],{"class":80},[66,129646,129647,129649,129651,129653,129656,129658],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,129648,1081],{"class":154},[66,129650,158],{"class":80},[66,129652,85],{"class":84},[66,129654,129655],{"class":88},"Found",[66,129657,85],{"class":84},[66,129659,163],{"class":80},[66,129661,129662,129664],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,129663,27498],{"class":1060},[66,129665,1133],{"class":80},[66,129667,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676,129678],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,129669,1081],{"class":154},[66,129671,158],{"class":80},[66,129673,85],{"class":84},[66,129675,26379],{"class":88},[66,129677,85],{"class":84},[66,129679,163],{"class":80},[20,129681,99999],{},[57,129683,129685],{"className":59,"code":129684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Not found\n",[15,129686,129687],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129688,129689],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129690,129684],{"class":72},[20,129692,45780,129693,129696,129697,17341,129699,129701,129702,129704],{},[15,129694,129695],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129698,2021],{},[15,129700,2021],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129703,7291],{}," statement.",[20,129706,129707],{},"A safer version is:",[57,129709,129711],{"className":59,"code":129710,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129712,129713,129725,129729,129758,129772,129778],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129714,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129716,34756],{"class":72},[66,129718,77],{"class":76},[66,129720,97],{"class":84},[66,129722,4139],{"class":88},[66,129724,376],{"class":84},[66,129726,129727],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,129728,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,129730,129731,129733,129735,129737,129739,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749,129752,129754,129756],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,129732,7291],{"class":1060},[66,129734,42917],{"class":72},[66,129736,50],{"class":80},[66,129738,128463],{"class":137},[66,129740,158],{"class":80},[66,129742,85],{"class":84},[66,129744,60520],{"class":88},[66,129746,85],{"class":84},[66,129748,3954],{"class":80},[66,129750,129751],{"class":76}," !=",[66,129753,2520],{"class":76},[66,129755,1714],{"class":117},[66,129757,1133],{"class":80},[66,129759,129760,129762,129764,129766,129768,129770],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,129761,1081],{"class":154},[66,129763,158],{"class":80},[66,129765,85],{"class":84},[66,129767,129655],{"class":88},[66,129769,85],{"class":84},[66,129771,163],{"class":80},[66,129773,129774,129776],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,129775,27498],{"class":1060},[66,129777,1133],{"class":80},[66,129779,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788,129790],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,129781,1081],{"class":154},[66,129783,158],{"class":80},[66,129785,85],{"class":84},[66,129787,26379],{"class":88},[66,129789,85],{"class":84},[66,129791,163],{"class":80},[20,129793,129794],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[57,129796,129798],{"className":59,"code":129797,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129799,129800,129822,129836,129862,129876],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,129801,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810,129812,129814,129816,129818,129820],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,129803,155],{"class":154},[66,129805,158],{"class":80},[66,129807,34777],{"class":137},[66,129809,50],{"class":80},[66,129811,128463],{"class":137},[66,129813,158],{"class":80},[66,129815,202],{"class":84},[66,129817,38464],{"class":88},[66,129819,202],{"class":84},[66,129821,181],{"class":80},[66,129823,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,129825,155],{"class":154},[66,129827,158],{"class":80},[66,129829,41854],{"class":154},[66,129831,158],{"class":80},[66,129833,34777],{"class":137},[66,129835,181],{"class":80},[66,129837,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,129839,155],{"class":154},[66,129841,158],{"class":80},[66,129843,34777],{"class":137},[66,129845,50],{"class":80},[66,129847,8933],{"class":137},[66,129849,8930],{"class":80},[66,129851,128463],{"class":137},[66,129853,158],{"class":80},[66,129855,202],{"class":84},[66,129857,38464],{"class":88},[66,129859,202],{"class":84},[66,129861,181],{"class":80},[66,129863,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,129865,155],{"class":154},[66,129867,158],{"class":80},[66,129869,11445],{"class":154},[66,129871,158],{"class":80},[66,129873,34777],{"class":137},[66,129875,181],{"class":80},[66,129877,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888,129890,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,129879,155],{"class":154},[66,129881,158],{"class":80},[66,129883,34777],{"class":137},[66,129885,50],{"class":80},[66,129887,128463],{"class":137},[66,129889,158],{"class":80},[66,129891,202],{"class":84},[66,129893,38464],{"class":88},[66,129895,202],{"class":84},[66,129897,105],{"class":80},[66,129899,36122],{"class":137},[66,129901,105],{"class":80},[66,129903,65123],{"class":137},[66,129905,181],{"class":80},[20,129907,129908],{},"These help you check:",[30,129910,129911,129916,129921,129926,129929],{},[33,129912,129913,129914],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129915,124433],{},[33,129917,129918,129919],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129920,122652],{},[33,129922,129923,129924],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129925,124168],{},[33,129927,129928],{},"The string length",[33,129930,129931,129932,4688,129934,129936],{},"Whether your ",[15,129933,36143],{},[15,129935,52740],{}," values are correct",[52,129938,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,129940,129942,129943,129945],{"id":129941},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129944,124433],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129947,5443,129948,50],{},[15,129949,65937],{},[1430,129951,12986,129953,129955],{"id":129952},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129954,124433],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129957,129958],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1430,129960,129962,129963,124774],{"id":129961},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129964,124433],{},[20,129966,129967],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1430,129969,5475,129971,4688,129973,69738],{"id":129970},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129972,124433],{},[15,129974,59049],{},[20,129976,129977,2695,129979,129981,129982,52574,129984,50],{},[15,129978,124433],{},[15,129980,65937],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129983,59049],{},[15,129985,40778],{},[1430,129987,28393,129989,129991],{"id":129988},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129990,124433],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129993,129994,129995,4688,129997,66236],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129996,36143],{},[15,129998,52740],{},[52,130000,2183],{"id":2182},[30,130002,130003,130009,130015,130022,130028,130035,130039,130044],{},[33,130004,130005],{},[652,130006,126438,130007,978],{"href":124458},[15,130008,59049],{},[33,130010,130011],{},[652,130012,126438,130013,978],{"href":129125},[15,130014,60613],{},[33,130016,130017],{},[652,130018,126438,130020,978],{"href":130019},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130021,124609],{},[33,130023,130024],{},[652,130025,126438,130026,978],{"href":127803},[15,130027,127806],{},[33,130029,130030],{},[652,130031,126438,130033,978],{"href":130032},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130034,126496],{},[33,130036,130037],{},[652,130038,124837],{"href":123693},[33,130040,130041],{},[652,130042,130043],{"href":129121},"How to split a string in Python",[33,130045,130046],{},[652,130047,2218,130048],{"href":73565},[15,130049,129409],{},[2222,130051,130052],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":130054},[130055,130057,130060,130061,130062,130063,130065,130066,130067,130079],{"id":128539,"depth":124,"text":130056},"What find() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":130058},[130059],{"id":17657,"depth":144,"text":17658},{"id":38092,"depth":124,"text":38093},{"id":65489,"depth":124,"text":66272},{"id":124084,"depth":124,"text":124085},{"id":129266,"depth":124,"text":130064},"find() vs index()",{"id":41119,"depth":124,"text":41120},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":130068},[130069,130071,130073,130075,130077],{"id":129941,"depth":144,"text":130070},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129952,"depth":144,"text":130072},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129961,"depth":144,"text":130074},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129970,"depth":144,"text":130076},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129988,"depth":144,"text":130078},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128411,"description":130080},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130087,"title":130088,"body":130089,"description":132015,"extension":2260,"meta":132016,"navigation":147,"path":132017,"seo":132018,"stem":132019,"__hash__":132020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130090,"toc":131983},[130091,130096,130101,130104,130106,130182,130186,130214,130222,130226,130231,130235,130252,130254,130321,130325,130347,130355,130357,130360,130384,130387,130401,130403,130488,130492,130504,130507,130511,130517,130567,130571,130588,130597,130600,130608,130611,130660,130664,130689,130692,130747,130751,130763,130769,130773,130779,130784,130851,130855,130881,130884,130895,130897,130964,130968,130993,131000,131004,131009,131016,131024,131026,131078,131082,131100,131102,131147,131151,131166,131169,131179,131186,131188,131192,131195,131206,131208,131268,131272,131300,131303,131309,131314,131317,131321,131365,131368,131406,131409,131417,131419,131424,131428,131431,131479,131482,131485,131541,131545,131550,131553,131602,131604,131653,131659,131664,131666,131713,131717,131730,131732,131783,131789,131792,131796,131799,131805,131810,131812,131815,131887,131890,131907,131909,131914,131917,131921,131927,131933,131940,131946,131952,131954,131980],[10,130092,123438,130094,18],{"id":130093},"python-string-format-method",[15,130095,126441],{},[20,130097,123443,130098,130100],{},[15,130099,126441],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130102,130103],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[52,130105,55],{"id":54},[57,130107,130109],{"className":59,"code":130108,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130110,130111,130123,130131,130135,130172],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130112,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130114,8170],{"class":72},[66,130116,77],{"class":76},[66,130118,97],{"class":84},[66,130120,11790],{"class":88},[66,130122,376],{"class":84},[66,130124,130125,130127,130129],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,130126,21885],{"class":72},[66,130128,77],{"class":76},[66,130130,88882],{"class":117},[66,130132,130133],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,130134,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,130136,130137,130139,130141,130143,130146,130148,130151,130153,130155,130157,130159,130162,130164,130166,130168,130170],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,130138,90090],{"class":72},[66,130140,77],{"class":76},[66,130142,97],{"class":84},[66,130144,130145],{"class":88},"My name is ",[66,130147,4085],{"class":117},[66,130149,130150],{"class":88}," and I am ",[66,130152,4085],{"class":117},[66,130154,122434],{"class":88},[66,130156,85],{"class":84},[66,130158,50],{"class":80},[66,130160,130161],{"class":137},"format",[66,130163,158],{"class":80},[66,130165,89],{"class":137},[66,130167,105],{"class":80},[66,130169,9480],{"class":137},[66,130171,163],{"class":80},[66,130173,130174,130176,130178,130180],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,130175,155],{"class":154},[66,130177,158],{"class":80},[66,130179,90107],{"class":137},[66,130181,163],{"class":80},[20,130183,130184],{},[185,130185,187],{},[57,130187,130189],{"className":59,"code":130188,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130190,130191],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130192,130193,130196,130198,130201,130204,130207,130210,130212],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130194,130195],{"class":72},"My name ",[66,130197,12475],{"class":76},[66,130199,130200],{"class":72}," Maya ",[66,130202,130203],{"class":76},"and",[66,130205,130206],{"class":72}," I am ",[66,130208,130209],{"class":117},"12",[66,130211,122467],{"class":72},[66,130213,122470],{"class":80},[20,130215,243,130216,130218,130219,130221],{},[15,130217,4085],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130220,126441],{}," in the same order.",[20,130223,125190,130224,50],{},[652,130225,125193],{"href":51054},[52,130227,13276,130229,13279],{"id":130228},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130230,126441],{},[20,130232,2277,130233,11695],{},[15,130234,126441],{},[30,130236,130237,130240,130246,130249],{},[33,130238,130239],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,130241,130242,130243,130245],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130244,4085],{}," with given values",[33,130247,130248],{},"returns a new string",[33,130250,130251],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130253,281],{},[57,130255,130257],{"className":59,"code":130256,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130258,130259,130273,130296,130300,130311],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130260,130261,130263,130265,130267,130269,130271],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130262,34756],{"class":72},[66,130264,77],{"class":76},[66,130266,97],{"class":84},[66,130268,44978],{"class":88},[66,130270,4085],{"class":117},[66,130272,376],{"class":84},[66,130274,130275,130278,130280,130282,130284,130286,130288,130290,130292,130294],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,130276,130277],{"class":72},"new_text ",[66,130279,77],{"class":76},[66,130281,42917],{"class":72},[66,130283,50],{"class":80},[66,130285,130161],{"class":137},[66,130287,158],{"class":80},[66,130289,85],{"class":84},[66,130291,7970],{"class":88},[66,130293,85],{"class":84},[66,130295,163],{"class":80},[66,130297,130298],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,130299,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,130301,130302,130304,130306,130309],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,130303,155],{"class":154},[66,130305,158],{"class":80},[66,130307,130308],{"class":137},"new_text",[66,130310,163],{"class":80},[66,130312,130313,130315,130317,130319],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,130314,155],{"class":154},[66,130316,158],{"class":80},[66,130318,34777],{"class":137},[66,130320,163],{"class":80},[20,130322,130323],{},[185,130324,187],{},[57,130326,130328],{"className":59,"code":130327,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130329,130330,130339],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130331,130332,130334,130336],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130333,34936],{"class":72},[66,130335,105],{"class":80},[66,130337,130338],{"class":72}," Sam\n",[66,130340,130341,130343,130345],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,130342,34936],{"class":72},[66,130344,105],{"class":80},[66,130346,10126],{"class":80},[20,130348,2583,130349,130351,130352,130354],{},[15,130350,34777],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130353,126441],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[52,130356,2455],{"id":2454},[20,130358,130359],{},"The general form is:",[57,130361,130363],{"className":59,"code":130362,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130364,130365],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130366,130367,130369,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130382],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130368,85],{"class":43404},[66,130370,130371],{"class":43408},"text {}",[66,130373,85],{"class":43404},[66,130375,50],{"class":80},[66,130377,130161],{"class":137},[66,130379,158],{"class":80},[66,130381,2771],{"class":137},[66,130383,163],{"class":80},[20,130385,130386],{},"Key idea:",[30,130388,130389,130395,130398],{},[33,130390,130391,130392,130394],{},"each ",[15,130393,4085],{}," is a placeholder",[33,130396,130397],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,130399,130400],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130402,281],{},[57,130404,130406],{"className":59,"code":130405,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130407,130408,130421,130435,130439,130477],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130409,130410,130413,130415,130417,130419],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130411,130412],{"class":72},"animal ",[66,130414,77],{"class":76},[66,130416,97],{"class":84},[66,130418,37119],{"class":88},[66,130420,376],{"class":84},[66,130422,130423,130426,130428,130430,130433],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,130424,130425],{"class":72},"sound ",[66,130427,77],{"class":76},[66,130429,97],{"class":84},[66,130431,130432],{"class":88},"meow",[66,130434,376],{"class":84},[66,130436,130437],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,130438,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,130440,130441,130444,130446,130448,130450,130452,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465,130467,130470,130472,130475],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,130442,130443],{"class":72},"sentence ",[66,130445,77],{"class":76},[66,130447,97],{"class":84},[66,130449,2277],{"class":88},[66,130451,4085],{"class":117},[66,130453,130454],{"class":88}," says ",[66,130456,4085],{"class":117},[66,130458,50],{"class":88},[66,130460,85],{"class":84},[66,130462,50],{"class":80},[66,130464,130161],{"class":137},[66,130466,158],{"class":80},[66,130468,130469],{"class":137},"animal",[66,130471,105],{"class":80},[66,130473,130474],{"class":137}," sound",[66,130476,163],{"class":80},[66,130478,130479,130481,130483,130486],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,130480,155],{"class":154},[66,130482,158],{"class":80},[66,130484,130485],{"class":137},"sentence",[66,130487,163],{"class":80},[20,130489,130490],{},[185,130491,187],{},[57,130493,130495],{"className":59,"code":130494,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130496,130497],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130498,130499,130502],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130500,130501],{"class":72},"The cat says meow",[66,130503,122470],{"class":80},[20,130505,130506],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[52,130508,130510],{"id":130509},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130512,130513,130514,130516],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130515,4085],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[57,130518,130520],{"className":59,"code":130519,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130521,130522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130523,130524,130526,130528,130530,130533,130535,130537,130539,130541,130543,130545,130547,130549,130551,130554,130556,130558,130560,130563,130565],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130525,155],{"class":154},[66,130527,158],{"class":80},[66,130529,85],{"class":84},[66,130531,130532],{"class":88},"I like ",[66,130534,4085],{"class":117},[66,130536,4688],{"class":88},[66,130538,4085],{"class":117},[66,130540,50],{"class":88},[66,130542,85],{"class":84},[66,130544,50],{"class":80},[66,130546,130161],{"class":137},[66,130548,158],{"class":80},[66,130550,85],{"class":84},[66,130552,130553],{"class":88},"pizza",[66,130555,85],{"class":84},[66,130557,105],{"class":80},[66,130559,97],{"class":84},[66,130561,130562],{"class":88},"pasta",[66,130564,85],{"class":84},[66,130566,181],{"class":80},[20,130568,130569],{},[185,130570,187],{},[57,130572,130574],{"className":59,"code":130573,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130575,130576],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130577,130578,130581,130583,130586],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130579,130580],{"class":72},"I like pizza ",[66,130582,130203],{"class":76},[66,130584,130585],{"class":72}," pasta",[66,130587,122470],{"class":80},[20,130589,130590,130591,4688,130594,50],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130592,130593],{},"{0}",[15,130595,130596],{},"{1}",[20,130598,130599],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,130601,130602,130605],{},[33,130603,130604],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,130606,130607],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130609,130610],{},"Example with reused values:",[57,130612,130614],{"className":59,"code":130613,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130615,130616,130650],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130617,130618,130620,130622,130624,130626,130629,130631,130634,130636,130638,130640,130642,130644,130646,130648],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130619,34756],{"class":72},[66,130621,77],{"class":76},[66,130623,97],{"class":84},[66,130625,130593],{"class":117},[66,130627,130628],{"class":88}," is learning Python. ",[66,130630,130593],{"class":117},[66,130632,130633],{"class":88}," likes coding.",[66,130635,85],{"class":84},[66,130637,50],{"class":80},[66,130639,130161],{"class":137},[66,130641,158],{"class":80},[66,130643,85],{"class":84},[66,130645,20142],{"class":88},[66,130647,85],{"class":84},[66,130649,163],{"class":80},[66,130651,130652,130654,130656,130658],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,130653,155],{"class":154},[66,130655,158],{"class":80},[66,130657,34777],{"class":137},[66,130659,163],{"class":80},[20,130661,130662],{},[185,130663,187],{},[57,130665,130667],{"className":59,"code":130666,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130668,130669],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130670,130671,130674,130676,130679,130681,130684,130687],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130672,130673],{"class":72},"Lina ",[66,130675,12475],{"class":76},[66,130677,130678],{"class":72}," learning Python",[66,130680,50],{"class":80},[66,130682,130683],{"class":784}," Lina",[66,130685,130686],{"class":72}," likes coding",[66,130688,122470],{"class":80},[20,130690,130691],{},"Example with changed order:",[57,130693,130695],{"className":59,"code":130694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130696,130697,130737],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130698,130699,130701,130703,130705,130707,130709,130711,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130700,34756],{"class":72},[66,130702,77],{"class":76},[66,130704,97],{"class":84},[66,130706,130596],{"class":117},[66,130708,83409],{"class":88},[66,130710,130593],{"class":117},[66,130712,50],{"class":88},[66,130714,85],{"class":84},[66,130716,50],{"class":80},[66,130718,130161],{"class":137},[66,130720,158],{"class":80},[66,130722,85],{"class":84},[66,130724,6878],{"class":88},[66,130726,85],{"class":84},[66,130728,105],{"class":80},[66,130730,97],{"class":84},[66,130732,79354],{"class":88},[66,130734,85],{"class":84},[66,130736,163],{"class":80},[66,130738,130739,130741,130743,130745],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,130740,155],{"class":154},[66,130742,158],{"class":80},[66,130744,34777],{"class":137},[66,130746,163],{"class":80},[20,130748,130749],{},[185,130750,187],{},[57,130752,130754],{"className":59,"code":130753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130755,130756],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130757,130758,130761],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130759,130760],{"class":72},"two comes after one",[66,130762,122470],{"class":80},[20,130764,130765,130766,130768],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130767,4085],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[52,130770,130772],{"id":130771},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130774,130775,130776,50],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130777,130778],{},"{name}",[20,130780,130781,130782,94],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130783,126441],{},[57,130785,130787],{"className":59,"code":130786,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130788,130789,130841],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130790,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799,130801,130804,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130821,130823,130825,130827,130829,130831,130833,130835,130837,130839],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130792,34756],{"class":72},[66,130794,77],{"class":76},[66,130796,97],{"class":84},[66,130798,130145],{"class":88},[66,130800,130778],{"class":117},[66,130802,130803],{"class":88}," and I live in ",[66,130805,130806],{"class":117},"{city}",[66,130808,50],{"class":88},[66,130810,85],{"class":84},[66,130812,50],{"class":80},[66,130814,130161],{"class":137},[66,130816,158],{"class":80},[66,130818,89],{"class":9467},[66,130820,77],{"class":76},[66,130822,85],{"class":84},[66,130824,100],{"class":88},[66,130826,85],{"class":84},[66,130828,105],{"class":80},[66,130830,31451],{"class":9467},[66,130832,77],{"class":76},[66,130834,85],{"class":84},[66,130836,16305],{"class":88},[66,130838,85],{"class":84},[66,130840,163],{"class":80},[66,130842,130843,130845,130847,130849],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,130844,155],{"class":154},[66,130846,158],{"class":80},[66,130848,34777],{"class":137},[66,130850,163],{"class":80},[20,130852,130853],{},[185,130854,187],{},[57,130856,130858],{"className":59,"code":130857,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130859,130860],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130861,130862,130864,130866,130869,130871,130874,130876,130879],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130863,130195],{"class":72},[66,130865,12475],{"class":76},[66,130867,130868],{"class":72}," Ana ",[66,130870,130203],{"class":76},[66,130872,130873],{"class":72}," I live ",[66,130875,1067],{"class":76},[66,130877,130878],{"class":72}," Lima",[66,130880,122470],{"class":80},[20,130882,130883],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130885,130886,130889,130892],{},[33,130887,130888],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130890,130891],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130893,130894],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130896,281],{},[57,130898,130900],{"className":59,"code":130899,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130901,130902,130954],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130903,130904,130907,130909,130911,130914,130917,130920,130923,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933,130935,130937,130940,130942,130944,130947,130949,130952],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130905,130906],{"class":72},"report ",[66,130908,77],{"class":76},[66,130910,97],{"class":84},[66,130912,130913],{"class":88},"Student: ",[66,130915,130916],{"class":117},"{student}",[66,130918,130919],{"class":88},", Score: ",[66,130921,130922],{"class":117},"{score}",[66,130924,85],{"class":84},[66,130926,50],{"class":80},[66,130928,130161],{"class":137},[66,130930,158],{"class":80},[66,130932,733],{"class":9467},[66,130934,77],{"class":76},[66,130936,85],{"class":84},[66,130938,130939],{"class":88},"Noah",[66,130941,85],{"class":84},[66,130943,105],{"class":80},[66,130945,130946],{"class":9467}," score",[66,130948,77],{"class":76},[66,130950,130951],{"class":117},"95",[66,130953,163],{"class":80},[66,130955,130956,130958,130960,130962],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,130957,155],{"class":154},[66,130959,158],{"class":80},[66,130961,128151],{"class":137},[66,130963,163],{"class":80},[20,130965,130966],{},[185,130967,187],{},[57,130969,130971],{"className":59,"code":130970,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130972,130973],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,130974,130975,130978,130980,130983,130985,130988,130990],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,130976,130977],{"class":72},"Student",[66,130979,94],{"class":80},[66,130981,130982],{"class":72}," Noah",[66,130984,105],{"class":80},[66,130986,130987],{"class":72}," Score",[66,130989,94],{"class":80},[66,130991,130992],{"class":117}," 95\n",[20,130994,130995,130996,50],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[652,130997,3870,130998,3803],{"href":42250},[15,130999,47761],{},[52,131001,131003],{"id":131002},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131005,131006,131008],{},[15,131007,126441],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131010,131011,131012,131015],{},"A common example is ",[15,131013,131014],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,131017,131018,131021],{},[33,131019,131020],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,131022,131023],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131025,281],{},[57,131027,131029],{"className":59,"code":131028,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131030,131031,131039,131068],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131032,131033,131035,131037],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131034,40461],{"class":72},[66,131036,77],{"class":76},[66,131038,49354],{"class":117},[66,131040,131041,131043,131045,131047,131050,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131042,34756],{"class":72},[66,131044,77],{"class":76},[66,131046,97],{"class":84},[66,131048,131049],{"class":88},"Price: $",[66,131051,9569],{"class":117},[66,131053,131014],{"class":957},[66,131055,22557],{"class":117},[66,131057,85],{"class":84},[66,131059,50],{"class":80},[66,131061,130161],{"class":137},[66,131063,158],{"class":80},[66,131065,1210],{"class":137},[66,131067,163],{"class":80},[66,131069,131070,131072,131074,131076],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,131071,155],{"class":154},[66,131073,158],{"class":80},[66,131075,34777],{"class":137},[66,131077,163],{"class":80},[20,131079,131080],{},[185,131081,187],{},[57,131083,131085],{"className":59,"code":131084,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131086,131087],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131088,131089,131092,131094,131097],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131090,131091],{"class":72},"Price",[66,131093,94],{"class":80},[66,131095,131096],{"class":37439}," $",[66,131098,131099],{"class":117},"3.50\n",[20,131101,52159],{},[57,131103,131105],{"className":59,"code":131104,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131106,131107,131117],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131108,131109,131112,131114],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131110,131111],{"class":72},"average ",[66,131113,77],{"class":76},[66,131115,131116],{"class":117}," 91.236\n",[66,131118,131119,131121,131123,131125,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142,131145],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131120,155],{"class":154},[66,131122,158],{"class":80},[66,131124,85],{"class":84},[66,131126,131127],{"class":88},"Average: ",[66,131129,9569],{"class":117},[66,131131,131014],{"class":957},[66,131133,22557],{"class":117},[66,131135,85],{"class":84},[66,131137,50],{"class":80},[66,131139,130161],{"class":137},[66,131141,158],{"class":80},[66,131143,131144],{"class":137},"average",[66,131146,181],{"class":80},[20,131148,131149],{},[185,131150,187],{},[57,131152,131154],{"className":59,"code":131153,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131155,131156],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131157,131158,131161,131163],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131159,131160],{"class":72},"Average",[66,131162,94],{"class":80},[66,131164,131165],{"class":117}," 91.24\n",[20,131167,131168],{},"This is useful for:",[30,131170,131171,131173,131176],{},[33,131172,83167],{},[33,131174,131175],{},"averages",[33,131177,131178],{},"percentages",[20,131180,131181,131182,50],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[652,131183,3870,131184,2600],{"href":46526},[15,131185,46529],{},[52,131187,793],{"id":792},[20,131189,131190,92604],{},[15,131191,126441],{},[20,131193,131194],{},"That means you can:",[30,131196,131197,131200,131203],{},[33,131198,131199],{},"save it in a variable",[33,131201,131202],{},"print it directly",[33,131204,131205],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131207,281],{},[57,131209,131211],{"className":59,"code":131210,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131212,131213,131244,131254],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131214,131215,131217,131219,131221,131223,131225,131227,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131240,131242],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131216,90090],{"class":72},[66,131218,77],{"class":76},[66,131220,97],{"class":84},[66,131222,44978],{"class":88},[66,131224,4085],{"class":117},[66,131226,89931],{"class":88},[66,131228,85],{"class":84},[66,131230,50],{"class":80},[66,131232,130161],{"class":137},[66,131234,158],{"class":80},[66,131236,85],{"class":84},[66,131238,131239],{"class":88},"Chris",[66,131241,85],{"class":84},[66,131243,163],{"class":80},[66,131245,131246,131248,131250,131252],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131247,155],{"class":154},[66,131249,158],{"class":80},[66,131251,90107],{"class":137},[66,131253,163],{"class":80},[66,131255,131256,131258,131260,131262,131264,131266],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,131257,155],{"class":154},[66,131259,158],{"class":80},[66,131261,912],{"class":173},[66,131263,158],{"class":80},[66,131265,90107],{"class":137},[66,131267,181],{"class":80},[20,131269,131270],{},[185,131271,187],{},[57,131273,131275],{"className":59,"code":131274,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131276,131277,131286],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131278,131279,131281,131283],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131280,34936],{"class":72},[66,131282,105],{"class":80},[66,131284,131285],{"class":72}," Chris!\n",[66,131287,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131289,954],{"class":76},[66,131291,958],{"class":957},[66,131293,211],{"class":84},[66,131295,3737],{"class":88},[66,131297,202],{"class":84},[66,131299,967],{"class":76},[20,131301,131302],{},"The original string is not changed.",[52,131304,131306,131308],{"id":131305},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131307,126441],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131310,131311,131313],{},[15,131312,126441],{}," is a string method.",[20,131315,131316],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131318,46117,131319,94],{},[15,131320,126441],{},[57,131322,131324],{"className":59,"code":131323,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131325,131326,131339],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131327,131328,131330,131332,131334,131337],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131329,8170],{"class":72},[66,131331,77],{"class":76},[66,131333,97],{"class":84},[66,131335,131336],{"class":88},"Rita",[66,131338,376],{"class":84},[66,131340,131341,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131342,155],{"class":154},[66,131344,158],{"class":80},[66,131346,85],{"class":84},[66,131348,44978],{"class":88},[66,131350,4085],{"class":117},[66,131352,89931],{"class":88},[66,131354,85],{"class":84},[66,131356,50],{"class":80},[66,131358,130161],{"class":137},[66,131360,158],{"class":80},[66,131362,89],{"class":137},[66,131364,181],{"class":80},[20,131366,131367],{},"Example with an f-string:",[57,131369,131371],{"className":59,"code":131370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131372,131373,131385],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131374,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131376,8170],{"class":72},[66,131378,77],{"class":76},[66,131380,97],{"class":84},[66,131382,131336],{"class":88},[66,131384,376],{"class":84},[66,131386,131387,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131404],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131388,155],{"class":154},[66,131390,158],{"class":80},[66,131392,22548],{"class":957},[66,131394,43422],{"class":88},[66,131396,9569],{"class":117},[66,131398,89],{"class":137},[66,131400,22557],{"class":117},[66,131402,131403],{"class":88},"!\"",[66,131405,163],{"class":80},[20,131407,131408],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131410,131411,131412,131414,131415,50],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131413,126441],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[652,131416,89776],{"href":89775},[52,131418,1838],{"id":1837},[20,131420,131421,131422,50],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131423,126441],{},[1430,131425,131427],{"id":131426},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131429,131430],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[57,131432,131434],{"className":59,"code":131433,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131435,131436,131469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131437,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131451,131453,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131439,34756],{"class":72},[66,131441,77],{"class":76},[66,131443,97],{"class":84},[66,131445,44978],{"class":88},[66,131447,4085],{"class":117},[66,131449,131450],{"class":117}," {}",[66,131452,89931],{"class":88},[66,131454,85],{"class":84},[66,131456,50],{"class":80},[66,131458,130161],{"class":137},[66,131460,158],{"class":80},[66,131462,85],{"class":84},[66,131464,7970],{"class":88},[66,131466,85],{"class":84},[66,131468,163],{"class":80},[66,131470,131471,131473,131475,131477],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131472,155],{"class":154},[66,131474,158],{"class":80},[66,131476,34777],{"class":137},[66,131478,163],{"class":80},[20,131480,131481],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131483,131484],{},"Fixed version:",[57,131486,131488],{"className":59,"code":131487,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131489,131490,131531],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131491,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131527,131529],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131493,34756],{"class":72},[66,131495,77],{"class":76},[66,131497,97],{"class":84},[66,131499,44978],{"class":88},[66,131501,4085],{"class":117},[66,131503,131450],{"class":117},[66,131505,89931],{"class":88},[66,131507,85],{"class":84},[66,131509,50],{"class":80},[66,131511,130161],{"class":137},[66,131513,158],{"class":80},[66,131515,85],{"class":84},[66,131517,7970],{"class":88},[66,131519,85],{"class":84},[66,131521,105],{"class":80},[66,131523,97],{"class":84},[66,131525,131526],{"class":88},"Lee",[66,131528,85],{"class":84},[66,131530,163],{"class":80},[66,131532,131533,131535,131537,131539],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131534,155],{"class":154},[66,131536,158],{"class":80},[66,131538,34777],{"class":137},[66,131540,163],{"class":80},[1430,131542,131544],{"id":131543},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131546,131547,131548,50],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131549,126441],{},[20,131551,131552],{},"Problem:",[57,131554,131556],{"className":59,"code":131555,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131557,131558,131592],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131559,131560,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131561,34756],{"class":72},[66,131563,77],{"class":76},[66,131565,97],{"class":84},[66,131567,44978],{"class":88},[66,131569,130778],{"class":117},[66,131571,89931],{"class":88},[66,131573,85],{"class":84},[66,131575,50],{"class":80},[66,131577,130161],{"class":137},[66,131579,158],{"class":80},[66,131581,8279],{"class":9467},[66,131583,77],{"class":76},[66,131585,85],{"class":84},[66,131587,7970],{"class":88},[66,131589,85],{"class":84},[66,131591,163],{"class":80},[66,131593,131594,131596,131598,131600],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131595,155],{"class":154},[66,131597,158],{"class":80},[66,131599,34777],{"class":137},[66,131601,163],{"class":80},[20,131603,131484],{},[57,131605,131607],{"className":59,"code":131606,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131608,131609,131643],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131610,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131612,34756],{"class":72},[66,131614,77],{"class":76},[66,131616,97],{"class":84},[66,131618,44978],{"class":88},[66,131620,130778],{"class":117},[66,131622,89931],{"class":88},[66,131624,85],{"class":84},[66,131626,50],{"class":80},[66,131628,130161],{"class":137},[66,131630,158],{"class":80},[66,131632,89],{"class":9467},[66,131634,77],{"class":76},[66,131636,85],{"class":84},[66,131638,7970],{"class":88},[66,131640,85],{"class":84},[66,131642,163],{"class":80},[66,131644,131645,131647,131649,131651],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131646,155],{"class":154},[66,131648,158],{"class":80},[66,131650,34777],{"class":137},[66,131652,163],{"class":80},[1430,131654,1433,131656,131658],{"id":131655},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131657,126441],{}," to change the original string",[20,131660,131661,131663],{},[15,131662,126441],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131665,131552],{},[57,131667,131669],{"className":59,"code":131668,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131670,131671,131685,131703],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131672,131673,131675,131677,131679,131681,131683],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131674,34756],{"class":72},[66,131676,77],{"class":76},[66,131678,97],{"class":84},[66,131680,44978],{"class":88},[66,131682,4085],{"class":117},[66,131684,376],{"class":84},[66,131686,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131688,34777],{"class":72},[66,131690,50],{"class":80},[66,131692,130161],{"class":137},[66,131694,158],{"class":80},[66,131696,85],{"class":84},[66,131698,7970],{"class":88},[66,131700,85],{"class":84},[66,131702,163],{"class":80},[66,131704,131705,131707,131709,131711],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,131706,155],{"class":154},[66,131708,158],{"class":80},[66,131710,34777],{"class":137},[66,131712,163],{"class":80},[20,131714,131715],{},[185,131716,187],{},[57,131718,131720],{"className":59,"code":131719,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131721,131722],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131723,131724,131726,131728],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131725,34936],{"class":72},[66,131727,105],{"class":80},[66,131729,10126],{"class":80},[20,131731,131484],{},[57,131733,131735],{"className":59,"code":131734,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131736,131737,131751,131773],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131738,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131740,34756],{"class":72},[66,131742,77],{"class":76},[66,131744,97],{"class":84},[66,131746,44978],{"class":88},[66,131748,4085],{"class":117},[66,131750,376],{"class":84},[66,131752,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131754,34756],{"class":72},[66,131756,77],{"class":76},[66,131758,42917],{"class":72},[66,131760,50],{"class":80},[66,131762,130161],{"class":137},[66,131764,158],{"class":80},[66,131766,85],{"class":84},[66,131768,7970],{"class":88},[66,131770,85],{"class":84},[66,131772,163],{"class":80},[66,131774,131775,131777,131779,131781],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,131776,155],{"class":154},[66,131778,158],{"class":80},[66,131780,34777],{"class":137},[66,131782,163],{"class":80},[1430,131784,5000,131786,131788],{"id":131785},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131787,126441],{}," returns a new string",[20,131790,131791],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1430,131793,131795],{"id":131794},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131797,131798],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131800,131801,131802,131804],{},"Use simple ",[15,131803,4085],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131806,131807,131808,50],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[652,131809,90489],{"href":90488},[52,131811,67978],{"id":67977},[20,131813,131814],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[57,131816,131818],{"className":59,"code":131817,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131819,131820,131830,131844,131873],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,131821,131822,131824,131826,131828],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,131823,155],{"class":154},[66,131825,158],{"class":80},[66,131827,34777],{"class":137},[66,131829,163],{"class":80},[66,131831,131832,131834,131836,131838,131840,131842],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,131833,155],{"class":154},[66,131835,158],{"class":80},[66,131837,912],{"class":173},[66,131839,158],{"class":80},[66,131841,2771],{"class":137},[66,131843,181],{"class":80},[66,131845,131846,131848,131850,131852,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131871],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,131847,155],{"class":154},[66,131849,158],{"class":80},[66,131851,85],{"class":84},[66,131853,131854],{"class":88},"Hello ",[66,131856,4085],{"class":117},[66,131858,85],{"class":84},[66,131860,50],{"class":80},[66,131862,130161],{"class":137},[66,131864,158],{"class":80},[66,131866,85],{"class":84},[66,131868,7970],{"class":88},[66,131870,85],{"class":84},[66,131872,181],{"class":80},[66,131874,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,131876,32219],{"class":154},[66,131878,158],{"class":80},[66,131880,3737],{"class":173},[66,131882,50],{"class":80},[66,131884,130161],{"class":784},[66,131886,163],{"class":80},[20,131888,131889],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131891,131892,131895,131898,131901],{},[33,131893,131894],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131896,131897],{},"what type your value has",[33,131899,131900],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131902,131903,131904],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131905,131906],{},"str.format",[52,131908,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,131910,129942,131912,12998],{"id":131911},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131913,126441],{},[20,131915,131916],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1430,131918,131920],{"id":131919},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131922,131923,131924,131926],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131925,4085],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1430,131928,131930,131931,2151],{"id":131929},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131932,126441],{},[20,131934,131935,131936,131939],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131937,131938],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1430,131941,2131,131943,131945],{"id":131942},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131944,126441],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131947,131948,131949,131951],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131950,126441],{}," is still useful and common.",[52,131953,2183],{"id":2182},[30,131955,131956,131960,131964,131970,131976],{},[33,131957,131958],{},[652,131959,125193],{"href":51054},[33,131961,131962],{},[652,131963,90766],{"href":89775},[33,131965,131966],{},[652,131967,3870,131968,3803],{"href":46526},[15,131969,46529],{},[33,131971,131972],{},[652,131973,3870,131974,3803],{"href":42250},[15,131975,47761],{},[33,131977,131978],{},[652,131979,90489],{"href":90488},[2222,131981,131982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":131984},[131985,131986,131988,131989,131990,131991,131992,131993,131995,132004,132005,132014],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":130228,"depth":124,"text":131987},"What the format() method does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":130509,"depth":124,"text":130510},{"id":130771,"depth":124,"text":130772},{"id":131002,"depth":124,"text":131003},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":131305,"depth":124,"text":131994},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":131996},[131997,131998,131999,132001,132003],{"id":131426,"depth":144,"text":131427},{"id":131543,"depth":144,"text":131544},{"id":131655,"depth":144,"text":132000},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131785,"depth":144,"text":132002},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131794,"depth":144,"text":131795},{"id":67977,"depth":124,"text":67978},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":132006},[132007,132009,132010,132012],{"id":131911,"depth":144,"text":132008},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131919,"depth":144,"text":131920},{"id":131929,"depth":144,"text":132011},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131942,"depth":144,"text":132013},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130088,"description":132015},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132022,"title":132023,"body":132024,"description":133504,"extension":2260,"meta":133505,"navigation":147,"path":133506,"seo":133507,"stem":133508,"__hash__":133509},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132025,"toc":133476},[132026,132031,132036,132041,132043,132105,132112,132118,132123,132125,132141,132143,132214,132216,132230,132233,132283,132285,132287,132314,132317,132332,132335,132376,132379,132424,132431,132480,132482,132490,132492,132510,132512,132605,132613,132654,132659,132666,132672,132679,132682,132686,132787,132789,132811,132815,132868,132871,132874,132880,132887,132889,132928,132930,132948,132958,132965,133048,133051,133058,133065,133072,133076,133084,133130,133134,133143,133208,133213,133218,133229,133231,133236,133263,133265,133368,133371,133391,133393,133398,133401,133405,133409,133416,133425,133431,133434,133440,133442,133444,133473],[10,132027,123438,132029,18],{"id":132028},"python-string-index-method",[15,132030,59049],{},[20,132032,123443,132033,132035],{},[15,132034,59049],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132037,132038,132039,50],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132040,40778],{},[52,132042,55],{"id":54},[57,132044,132046],{"className":59,"code":132045,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132047,132048,132060,132082,132092,132096,132100],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132049,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132051,34756],{"class":72},[66,132053,77],{"class":76},[66,132055,97],{"class":84},[66,132057,60488],{"class":88},[66,132059,376],{"class":84},[66,132061,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132063,65002],{"class":72},[66,132065,77],{"class":76},[66,132067,42917],{"class":72},[66,132069,50],{"class":80},[66,132071,35916],{"class":137},[66,132073,158],{"class":80},[66,132075,85],{"class":84},[66,132077,60673],{"class":88},[66,132079,85],{"class":84},[66,132081,163],{"class":80},[66,132083,132084,132086,132088,132090],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,132085,155],{"class":154},[66,132087,158],{"class":80},[66,132089,65029],{"class":137},[66,132091,163],{"class":80},[66,132093,132094],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,132095,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,132097,132098],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,132099,90907],{"class":1945},[66,132101,132102],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,132103,132104],{"class":1945},"# 6\n",[20,132106,243,132107,132109,132110,50],{},[15,132108,59049],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132111,40778],{},[52,132113,250,132115,253],{"id":132114},"what-strindex-does",[15,132116,132117],{},"str.index()",[20,132119,132120,132122],{},[15,132121,132117],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132124,13332],{},[30,132126,132127,132130,132133,132136],{},[33,132128,132129],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,132131,132132],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,132134,132135],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,132137,30359,132138,132140],{},[15,132139,40778],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132142,281],{},[57,132144,132146],{"className":59,"code":132145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132147,132148,132160,132164,132189],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132149,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132151,34756],{"class":72},[66,132153,77],{"class":76},[66,132155,97],{"class":84},[66,132157,4381],{"class":88},[66,132159,376],{"class":84},[66,132161,132162],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132163,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,132165,132166,132168,132170,132172,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182,132184,132186],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,132167,155],{"class":154},[66,132169,158],{"class":80},[66,132171,34777],{"class":137},[66,132173,50],{"class":80},[66,132175,35916],{"class":137},[66,132177,158],{"class":80},[66,132179,85],{"class":84},[66,132181,652],{"class":88},[66,132183,85],{"class":84},[66,132185,5658],{"class":80},[66,132187,132188],{"class":1945},"     # 1\n",[66,132190,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,132192,155],{"class":154},[66,132194,158],{"class":80},[66,132196,34777],{"class":137},[66,132198,50],{"class":80},[66,132200,35916],{"class":137},[66,132202,158],{"class":80},[66,132204,85],{"class":84},[66,132206,123531],{"class":88},[66,132208,85],{"class":84},[66,132210,5658],{"class":80},[66,132212,132213],{"class":1945},"    # 2\n",[20,132215,2476],{},[30,132217,132218,132224],{},[33,132219,132220,128651,132222],{},[15,132221,18357],{},[15,132223,1714],{},[33,132225,132226,128651,132228],{},[15,132227,128650],{},[15,132229,2354],{},[20,132231,132232],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[57,132234,132236],{"className":59,"code":132235,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132237,132238,132250,132254,132278],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132239,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132241,34756],{"class":72},[66,132243,77],{"class":76},[66,132245,97],{"class":84},[66,132247,34936],{"class":88},[66,132249,376],{"class":84},[66,132251,132252],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132253,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,132255,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,132257,155],{"class":154},[66,132259,158],{"class":80},[66,132261,34777],{"class":137},[66,132263,50],{"class":80},[66,132265,35916],{"class":137},[66,132267,158],{"class":80},[66,132269,85],{"class":84},[66,132271,51270],{"class":88},[66,132273,85],{"class":84},[66,132275,5658],{"class":80},[66,132277,21027],{"class":1945},[66,132279,132280],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,132281,132282],{"class":1945},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[52,132284,2455],{"id":2454},[20,132286,662],{},[57,132288,132290],{"className":59,"code":132289,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132291,132292],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132293,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132295,61256],{"class":72},[66,132297,50],{"class":80},[66,132299,35916],{"class":137},[66,132301,158],{"class":80},[66,132303,2771],{"class":137},[66,132305,105],{"class":80},[66,132307,36122],{"class":137},[66,132309,105],{"class":80},[66,132311,65123],{"class":137},[66,132313,163],{"class":80},[20,132315,132316],{},"Parameters:",[30,132318,132319,132323,132327],{},[33,132320,132321,123630],{},[15,132322,2771],{},[33,132324,132325,128697],{},[15,132326,36143],{},[33,132328,132329,132331],{},[15,132330,52740],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132333,132334],{},"You can use just the value:",[57,132336,132338],{"className":59,"code":132337,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132339,132340,132352],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132341,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132343,34756],{"class":72},[66,132345,77],{"class":76},[66,132347,97],{"class":84},[66,132349,61],{"class":88},[66,132351,376],{"class":84},[66,132353,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132355,155],{"class":154},[66,132357,158],{"class":80},[66,132359,34777],{"class":137},[66,132361,50],{"class":80},[66,132363,35916],{"class":137},[66,132365,158],{"class":80},[66,132367,85],{"class":84},[66,132369,63369],{"class":88},[66,132371,85],{"class":84},[66,132373,5658],{"class":80},[66,132375,51494],{"class":1945},[20,132377,132378],{},"Or include a start position:",[57,132380,132382],{"className":59,"code":132381,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132383,132384,132396],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132385,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132387,34756],{"class":72},[66,132389,77],{"class":76},[66,132391,97],{"class":84},[66,132393,4381],{"class":88},[66,132395,376],{"class":84},[66,132397,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132399,155],{"class":154},[66,132401,158],{"class":80},[66,132403,34777],{"class":137},[66,132405,50],{"class":80},[66,132407,35916],{"class":137},[66,132409,158],{"class":80},[66,132411,85],{"class":84},[66,132413,652],{"class":88},[66,132415,85],{"class":84},[66,132417,105],{"class":80},[66,132419,1719],{"class":117},[66,132421,5658],{"class":80},[66,132423,50849],{"class":1945},[20,132425,132426,132427,4688,132429,94],{},"Or include both ",[15,132428,36143],{},[15,132430,52740],{},[57,132432,132434],{"className":59,"code":132433,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132435,132436,132448],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132437,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132439,34756],{"class":72},[66,132441,77],{"class":76},[66,132443,97],{"class":84},[66,132445,4381],{"class":88},[66,132447,376],{"class":84},[66,132449,132450,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132451,155],{"class":154},[66,132453,158],{"class":80},[66,132455,34777],{"class":137},[66,132457,50],{"class":80},[66,132459,35916],{"class":137},[66,132461,158],{"class":80},[66,132463,85],{"class":84},[66,132465,652],{"class":88},[66,132467,85],{"class":84},[66,132469,105],{"class":80},[66,132471,1719],{"class":117},[66,132473,105],{"class":80},[66,132475,1231],{"class":117},[66,132477,5658],{"class":80},[66,132479,50849],{"class":1945},[52,132481,38093],{"id":38092},[20,132483,28773,132484,132486,132487,50],{},[15,132485,59049],{}," is a ",[185,132488,132489],{},"zero-based index",[20,132491,2404],{},[30,132493,132494,132500,132505],{},[33,132495,132496,132497,132499],{},"Index ",[15,132498,2021],{}," is the first character",[33,132501,132496,132502,132504],{},[15,132503,1714],{}," is the second character",[33,132506,132496,132507,132509],{},[15,132508,2354],{}," is the third character",[20,132511,281],{},[57,132513,132515],{"className":59,"code":132514,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132516,132517,132529,132533,132557,132581],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132518,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132520,34756],{"class":72},[66,132522,77],{"class":76},[66,132524,97],{"class":84},[66,132526,37119],{"class":88},[66,132528,376],{"class":84},[66,132530,132531],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132532,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,132534,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553,132555],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,132536,155],{"class":154},[66,132538,158],{"class":80},[66,132540,34777],{"class":137},[66,132542,50],{"class":80},[66,132544,35916],{"class":137},[66,132546,158],{"class":80},[66,132548,85],{"class":84},[66,132550,10027],{"class":88},[66,132552,85],{"class":84},[66,132554,5658],{"class":80},[66,132556,51326],{"class":1945},[66,132558,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,132560,155],{"class":154},[66,132562,158],{"class":80},[66,132564,34777],{"class":137},[66,132566,50],{"class":80},[66,132568,35916],{"class":137},[66,132570,158],{"class":80},[66,132572,85],{"class":84},[66,132574,652],{"class":88},[66,132576,85],{"class":84},[66,132578,5658],{"class":80},[66,132580,27844],{"class":1945},[66,132582,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,132584,155],{"class":154},[66,132586,158],{"class":80},[66,132588,34777],{"class":137},[66,132590,50],{"class":80},[66,132592,35916],{"class":137},[66,132594,158],{"class":80},[66,132596,85],{"class":84},[66,132598,63369],{"class":88},[66,132600,85],{"class":84},[66,132602,5658],{"class":80},[66,132604,51494],{"class":1945},[20,132606,132607,132609,132610,132612],{},[15,132608,59049],{}," returns only the ",[185,132611,29974],{}," matching position.",[57,132614,132616],{"className":59,"code":132615,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132617,132618,132630],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132619,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132621,34756],{"class":72},[66,132623,77],{"class":76},[66,132625,97],{"class":84},[66,132627,4381],{"class":88},[66,132629,376],{"class":84},[66,132631,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132633,155],{"class":154},[66,132635,158],{"class":80},[66,132637,34777],{"class":137},[66,132639,50],{"class":80},[66,132641,35916],{"class":137},[66,132643,158],{"class":80},[66,132645,85],{"class":84},[66,132647,652],{"class":88},[66,132649,85],{"class":84},[66,132651,5658],{"class":80},[66,132653,27844],{"class":1945},[20,132655,21237,132656,132658],{},[15,132657,18357],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132660,132661,132662,50],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[652,132663,132664,978],{"href":124888},[15,132665,58671],{},[52,132667,1848,132668,4688,132670],{"id":65489},[15,132669,36143],{},[15,132671,52740],{},[20,132673,2277,132674,4688,132676,132678],{},[15,132675,36143],{},[15,132677,52740],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132680,132681],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132683,46117,132684,94],{},[15,132685,36143],{},[57,132687,132689],{"className":59,"code":132688,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132690,132691,132703,132707,132731,132759],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132692,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132694,34756],{"class":72},[66,132696,77],{"class":76},[66,132698,97],{"class":84},[66,132700,4381],{"class":88},[66,132702,376],{"class":84},[66,132704,132705],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132706,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,132708,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,132710,155],{"class":154},[66,132712,158],{"class":80},[66,132714,34777],{"class":137},[66,132716,50],{"class":80},[66,132718,35916],{"class":137},[66,132720,158],{"class":80},[66,132722,85],{"class":84},[66,132724,652],{"class":88},[66,132726,85],{"class":84},[66,132728,5658],{"class":80},[66,132730,51199],{"class":1945},[66,132732,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,132734,155],{"class":154},[66,132736,158],{"class":80},[66,132738,34777],{"class":137},[66,132740,50],{"class":80},[66,132742,35916],{"class":137},[66,132744,158],{"class":80},[66,132746,85],{"class":84},[66,132748,652],{"class":88},[66,132750,85],{"class":84},[66,132752,105],{"class":80},[66,132754,1719],{"class":117},[66,132756,5658],{"class":80},[66,132758,51048],{"class":1945},[66,132760,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,132762,155],{"class":154},[66,132764,158],{"class":80},[66,132766,34777],{"class":137},[66,132768,50],{"class":80},[66,132770,35916],{"class":137},[66,132772,158],{"class":80},[66,132774,85],{"class":84},[66,132776,652],{"class":88},[66,132778,85],{"class":84},[66,132780,105],{"class":80},[66,132782,2755],{"class":117},[66,132784,5658],{"class":80},[66,132786,50832],{"class":1945},[20,132788,20216],{},[30,132790,132791,132798,132804],{},[33,132792,132793,132794,65679,132796],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132795,18357],{},[15,132797,1714],{},[33,132799,132800,132801,132803],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132802,2354],{}," skips that first match",[33,132805,132800,132806,132808,132809],{},[15,132807,2803],{}," finds the last ",[15,132810,18357],{},[20,132812,46117,132813,94],{},[15,132814,52740],{},[57,132816,132818],{"className":59,"code":132817,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132819,132820,132832,132836],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132821,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132823,34756],{"class":72},[66,132825,77],{"class":76},[66,132827,97],{"class":84},[66,132829,4381],{"class":88},[66,132831,376],{"class":84},[66,132833,132834],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132835,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,132837,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,132839,155],{"class":154},[66,132841,158],{"class":80},[66,132843,34777],{"class":137},[66,132845,50],{"class":80},[66,132847,35916],{"class":137},[66,132849,158],{"class":80},[66,132851,85],{"class":84},[66,132853,76113],{"class":88},[66,132855,85],{"class":84},[66,132857,105],{"class":80},[66,132859,4127],{"class":117},[66,132861,105],{"class":80},[66,132863,2755],{"class":117},[66,132865,5658],{"class":80},[66,132867,51494],{"class":1945},[20,132869,132870],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132872,132873],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[52,132875,44289,132877,132879],{"id":132876},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132878,59049],{}," causes an error",[20,132881,132882,132883,52574,132885,50],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132884,59049],{},[15,132886,40778],{},[20,132888,281],{},[57,132890,132892],{"className":59,"code":132891,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132893,132894,132906],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132895,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132897,34756],{"class":72},[66,132899,77],{"class":76},[66,132901,97],{"class":84},[66,132903,4139],{"class":88},[66,132905,376],{"class":84},[66,132907,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922,132924,132926],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132909,155],{"class":154},[66,132911,158],{"class":80},[66,132913,34777],{"class":137},[66,132915,50],{"class":80},[66,132917,35916],{"class":137},[66,132919,158],{"class":80},[66,132921,85],{"class":84},[66,132923,22332],{"class":88},[66,132925,85],{"class":84},[66,132927,181],{"class":80},[20,132929,187],{},[57,132931,132933],{"className":59,"code":132932,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132934,132935],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132936,132937,132939,132941,132944,132946],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132938,40778],{"class":173},[66,132940,94],{"class":80},[66,132942,132943],{"class":72}," substring ",[66,132945,4926],{"class":76},[66,132947,65912],{"class":72},[20,132949,53421,132950,126404,132955,132957],{},[652,132951,132952],{"href":130082},[15,132953,132954],{},"str.find()",[15,132956,65937],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132959,132960,132961,4688,132963,94],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132962,29869],{},[15,132964,29900],{},[57,132966,132968],{"className":59,"code":132967,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132969,132970,132982,132986,132992,133015,133025,133033],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,132971,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,132973,34756],{"class":72},[66,132975,77],{"class":76},[66,132977,97],{"class":84},[66,132979,4139],{"class":88},[66,132981,376],{"class":84},[66,132983,132984],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,132985,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,132987,132988,132990],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,132989,29869],{"class":1060},[66,132991,1133],{"class":80},[66,132993,132994,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,132995,132996],{"class":72},"    position ",[66,132998,77],{"class":76},[66,133000,42917],{"class":72},[66,133002,50],{"class":80},[66,133004,35916],{"class":137},[66,133006,158],{"class":80},[66,133008,85],{"class":84},[66,133010,22332],{"class":88},[66,133012,85],{"class":84},[66,133014,163],{"class":80},[66,133016,133017,133019,133021,133023],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,133018,1081],{"class":154},[66,133020,158],{"class":80},[66,133022,65029],{"class":137},[66,133024,163],{"class":80},[66,133026,133027,133029,133031],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,133028,29900],{"class":1060},[66,133030,42001],{"class":173},[66,133032,1133],{"class":80},[66,133034,133035,133037,133039,133041,133044,133046],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,133036,1081],{"class":154},[66,133038,158],{"class":80},[66,133040,85],{"class":84},[66,133042,133043],{"class":88},"Substring not found",[66,133045,85],{"class":84},[66,133047,163],{"class":80},[20,133049,133050],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133052,42021,133053,50],{},[652,133054,1755,133056],{"href":133055},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133057,129409],{},[52,133059,133061,10871,133063],{"id":133060},"index-vs-find",[15,133062,59049],{},[15,133064,124433],{},[20,133066,133067,4688,133069,133071],{},[15,133068,59049],{},[15,133070,124433],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1430,133073,133074],{"id":35916},[15,133075,59049],{},[30,133077,133078,133081],{},[33,133079,133080],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,133082,133083],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[57,133085,133087],{"className":59,"code":133086,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133088,133089,133101,133125],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133090,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133092,34756],{"class":72},[66,133094,77],{"class":76},[66,133096,97],{"class":84},[66,133098,4139],{"class":88},[66,133100,376],{"class":84},[66,133102,133103,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117,133119,133121,133123],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,133104,155],{"class":154},[66,133106,158],{"class":80},[66,133108,34777],{"class":137},[66,133110,50],{"class":80},[66,133112,35916],{"class":137},[66,133114,158],{"class":80},[66,133116,85],{"class":84},[66,133118,60529],{"class":88},[66,133120,85],{"class":84},[66,133122,5658],{"class":80},[66,133124,27844],{"class":1945},[66,133126,133127],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,133128,133129],{"class":1945},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1430,133131,133132],{"id":128463},[15,133133,124433],{},[30,133135,133136,133138],{},[33,133137,133080],{},[33,133139,11706,133140,133142],{},[15,133141,65937],{}," if nothing is found",[57,133144,133146],{"className":59,"code":133145,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133147,133148,133160,133184],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133149,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133151,34756],{"class":72},[66,133153,77],{"class":76},[66,133155,97],{"class":84},[66,133157,4139],{"class":88},[66,133159,376],{"class":84},[66,133161,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,133163,155],{"class":154},[66,133165,158],{"class":80},[66,133167,34777],{"class":137},[66,133169,50],{"class":80},[66,133171,128463],{"class":137},[66,133173,158],{"class":80},[66,133175,85],{"class":84},[66,133177,60529],{"class":88},[66,133179,85],{"class":84},[66,133181,5658],{"class":80},[66,133183,27844],{"class":1945},[66,133185,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,133187,155],{"class":154},[66,133189,158],{"class":80},[66,133191,34777],{"class":137},[66,133193,50],{"class":80},[66,133195,128463],{"class":137},[66,133197,158],{"class":80},[66,133199,85],{"class":84},[66,133201,22332],{"class":88},[66,133203,85],{"class":84},[66,133205,5658],{"class":80},[66,133207,128819],{"class":1945},[20,133209,243,133210,133212],{},[15,133211,59049],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133214,243,133215,133217],{},[15,133216,124433],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133219,133220,133221,3176,133226,50],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[652,133222,133223,133225],{"href":130082},[15,133224,132954],{}," method reference",[652,133227,127474],{"href":133228},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[52,133230,1838],{"id":1837},[20,133232,133233,133234,94],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133235,59049],{},[30,133237,133238,133241,133248,133253,133258],{},[33,133239,133240],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,133242,1433,133243,8748,133245,133247],{},[15,133244,59049],{},[15,133246,65937],{}," when no match exists",[33,133249,1848,133250,133252],{},[15,133251,59049],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,133254,133255,133256],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133257,1714],{},[33,133259,4875,133260,133262],{},[15,133261,59049],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133264,62377],{},[57,133266,133268],{"className":59,"code":133267,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133269,133270,133280,133294,133316,133338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133271,133272,133274,133276,133278],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133273,155],{"class":154},[66,133275,158],{"class":80},[66,133277,34777],{"class":137},[66,133279,163],{"class":80},[66,133281,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290,133292],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,133283,155],{"class":154},[66,133285,158],{"class":80},[66,133287,41854],{"class":154},[66,133289,158],{"class":80},[66,133291,34777],{"class":137},[66,133293,181],{"class":80},[66,133295,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310,133312,133314],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,133297,155],{"class":154},[66,133299,158],{"class":80},[66,133301,34777],{"class":137},[66,133303,50],{"class":80},[66,133305,35916],{"class":137},[66,133307,158],{"class":80},[66,133309,85],{"class":84},[66,133311,2771],{"class":88},[66,133313,85],{"class":84},[66,133315,181],{"class":80},[66,133317,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,133319,155],{"class":154},[66,133321,158],{"class":80},[66,133323,34777],{"class":137},[66,133325,50],{"class":80},[66,133327,128463],{"class":137},[66,133329,158],{"class":80},[66,133331,85],{"class":84},[66,133333,2771],{"class":88},[66,133335,85],{"class":84},[66,133337,181],{"class":80},[66,133339,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,133341,155],{"class":154},[66,133343,158],{"class":80},[66,133345,34777],{"class":137},[66,133347,50],{"class":80},[66,133349,35916],{"class":137},[66,133351,158],{"class":80},[66,133353,85],{"class":84},[66,133355,2771],{"class":88},[66,133357,85],{"class":84},[66,133359,105],{"class":80},[66,133361,36122],{"class":137},[66,133363,105],{"class":80},[66,133365,65123],{"class":137},[66,133367,181],{"class":80},[20,133369,133370],{},"Tips:",[30,133372,133373,133378,133383,133386],{},[33,133374,243,133375,133377],{},[15,133376,126360],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,133379,243,133380,133382],{},[15,133381,124433],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,133384,133385],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,133387,133388,133389],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133390,2021],{},[52,133392,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,133394,129942,133396,12998],{"id":133395},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133397,59049],{},[20,133399,133400],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1430,133402,133404],{"id":133403},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133406,76941,133407,50],{},[15,133408,40778],{},[1430,133410,5475,133412,4688,133414,2151],{"id":133411},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133413,59049],{},[15,133415,124433],{},[20,133417,133418,133420,133421,2695,133423,6924],{},[15,133419,59049],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133422,124433],{},[15,133424,65937],{},[1430,133426,5465,133428,133430],{"id":133427},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133429,59049],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133432,133433],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1430,133435,133437,133438,124774],{"id":133436},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133439,59049],{},[20,133441,129967],{},[52,133443,2183],{"id":2182},[30,133445,133446,133452,133456,133461,133467],{},[33,133447,133448],{},[652,133449,133450,978],{"href":130082},[15,133451,132954],{},[33,133453,133454],{},[652,133455,124837],{"href":133228},[33,133457,133458],{},[652,133459,130043],{"href":133460},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133462,133463],{},[652,133464,133465,978],{"href":124888},[15,133466,58671],{},[33,133468,133469],{},[652,133470,30413,133471],{"href":133055},[15,133472,129409],{},[2222,133474,133475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":133477},[133478,133479,133481,133482,133483,133484,133486,133491,133492,133503],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":132114,"depth":124,"text":133480},"What str.index() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":38092,"depth":124,"text":38093},{"id":65489,"depth":124,"text":66272},{"id":132876,"depth":124,"text":133485},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133060,"depth":124,"text":133487,"children":133488},"index() vs find()",[133489,133490],{"id":35916,"depth":144,"text":59049},{"id":128463,"depth":144,"text":124433},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":133493},[133494,133496,133497,133499,133501],{"id":133395,"depth":144,"text":133495},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133403,"depth":144,"text":133404},{"id":133411,"depth":144,"text":133498},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133427,"depth":144,"text":133500},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133436,"depth":144,"text":133502},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132023,"description":133504},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133511,"title":133512,"body":133513,"description":136288,"extension":2260,"meta":136289,"navigation":147,"path":136290,"seo":136291,"stem":136292,"__hash__":136293},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133514,"toc":136224},[133515,133521,133526,133529,133532,133543,133545,133614,133616,133630,133635,133640,133645,133647,133690,133692,133775,133777,133823,133829,133831,133833,133853,133855,133878,133880,133954,133956,133975,133980,133982,133986,134058,134060,134074,134078,134154,134156,134175,134179,134273,134275,134284,134291,134367,134369,134387,134391,134394,134401,134450,134452,134461,134468,134527,134529,134547,134550,134557,134616,134618,134636,134643,134700,134702,134711,134715,134720,134724,134783,134785,134803,134807,134854,134859,134862,134931,134933,134950,134957,134963,135018,135023,135026,135103,135105,135123,135129,135135,135195,135197,135216,135222,135225,135232,135285,135290,135292,135353,135362,135369,135371,135428,135433,135435,135506,135510,135565,135567,135576,135581,135587,135656,135658,135690,135696,135704,135711,135717,135782,135784,135793,135799,135880,135882,135891,135896,135910,135917,135921,135926,135954,135956,136089,136092,136129,136131,136137,136146,136151,136154,136159,136164,136170,136173,136182,136185,136187,136216,136221],[10,133516,123438,133518,18],{"id":133517},"python-string-join-method",[15,133519,133520],{},"join()",[20,133522,123443,133523,133525],{},[15,133524,133520],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133527,133528],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133530,133531],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,133533,133534,133540],{},[33,133535,133536,133537,133539],{},"You call ",[15,133538,133520],{}," on the separator string",[33,133541,133542],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[52,133544,3903],{"id":3902},[57,133546,133548],{"className":59,"code":133547,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133549,133550,133583,133604],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133551,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133579,133581],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133553,4363],{"class":72},[66,133555,77],{"class":76},[66,133557,1711],{"class":80},[66,133559,85],{"class":84},[66,133561,7590],{"class":88},[66,133563,85],{"class":84},[66,133565,105],{"class":80},[66,133567,97],{"class":84},[66,133569,12475],{"class":88},[66,133571,85],{"class":84},[66,133573,105],{"class":80},[66,133575,97],{"class":84},[66,133577,133578],{"class":88},"fun",[66,133580,85],{"class":84},[66,133582,240],{"class":80},[66,133584,133585,133587,133589,133591,133593,133595,133598,133600,133602],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,133586,877],{"class":72},[66,133588,77],{"class":76},[66,133590,97],{"class":84},[66,133592,97],{"class":84},[66,133594,50],{"class":80},[66,133596,133597],{"class":137},"join",[66,133599,158],{"class":80},[66,133601,4407],{"class":137},[66,133603,163],{"class":80},[66,133605,133606,133608,133610,133612],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,133607,155],{"class":154},[66,133609,158],{"class":80},[66,133611,901],{"class":137},[66,133613,163],{"class":80},[20,133615,187],{},[57,133617,133619],{"className":59,"code":133618,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Python is fun\n",[15,133620,133621],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133622,133623,133625,133627],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133624,3870],{"class":72},[66,133626,12475],{"class":76},[66,133628,133629],{"class":72}," fun\n",[20,133631,243,133632,133634],{},[15,133633,133520],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[52,133636,250,133638,253],{"id":133637},"what-join-does",[15,133639,133520],{},[20,133641,133642,133644],{},[15,133643,133520],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133646,261],{},[30,133648,133649,133656,133684,133687],{},[33,133650,133651,133652,133655],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133653,133654],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133657,133658,133659],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133660,133661,133667,133673,133679],{},[33,133662,133663,133666],{},[15,133664,133665],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133668,133669,133672],{},[15,133670,133671],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133674,133675,133678],{},[15,133676,133677],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133680,133681,133683],{},[15,133682,6565],{}," for no separator",[33,133685,133686],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133688,133689],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133691,281],{},[57,133693,133695],{"className":59,"code":133694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133696,133697,133729,133751,133755,133765],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133698,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133700,4363],{"class":72},[66,133702,77],{"class":76},[66,133704,1711],{"class":80},[66,133706,85],{"class":84},[66,133708,13373],{"class":88},[66,133710,85],{"class":84},[66,133712,105],{"class":80},[66,133714,97],{"class":84},[66,133716,17716],{"class":88},[66,133718,85],{"class":84},[66,133720,105],{"class":80},[66,133722,97],{"class":84},[66,133724,13390],{"class":88},[66,133726,85],{"class":84},[66,133728,240],{"class":80},[66,133730,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,133732,877],{"class":72},[66,133734,77],{"class":76},[66,133736,97],{"class":84},[66,133738,2487],{"class":88},[66,133740,85],{"class":84},[66,133742,50],{"class":80},[66,133744,133597],{"class":137},[66,133746,158],{"class":80},[66,133748,4407],{"class":137},[66,133750,163],{"class":80},[66,133752,133753],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,133754,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,133756,133757,133759,133761,133763],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,133758,155],{"class":154},[66,133760,158],{"class":80},[66,133762,901],{"class":137},[66,133764,163],{"class":80},[66,133766,133767,133769,133771,133773],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,133768,155],{"class":154},[66,133770,158],{"class":80},[66,133772,4407],{"class":137},[66,133774,163],{"class":80},[20,133776,187],{},[57,133778,133780],{"className":59,"code":133779,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133781,133782,133795],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133783,133784,133786,133788,133791,133793],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133785,13373],{"class":72},[66,133787,105],{"class":80},[66,133789,133790],{"class":72}," green",[66,133792,105],{"class":80},[66,133794,35951],{"class":72},[66,133796,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,133798,223],{"class":80},[66,133800,202],{"class":84},[66,133802,13373],{"class":88},[66,133804,202],{"class":84},[66,133806,105],{"class":80},[66,133808,211],{"class":84},[66,133810,17716],{"class":88},[66,133812,202],{"class":84},[66,133814,105],{"class":80},[66,133816,211],{"class":84},[66,133818,13390],{"class":88},[66,133820,202],{"class":84},[66,133822,240],{"class":80},[20,133824,133825,133826,133828],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133827,133520],{}," creates a new string.",[52,133830,2455],{"id":2454},[20,133832,7511],{},[57,133834,133836],{"className":59,"code":133835,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133837,133838],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133839,133840,133843,133845,133847,133849,133851],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133841,133842],{"class":72},"separator",[66,133844,50],{"class":80},[66,133846,133597],{"class":137},[66,133848,158],{"class":80},[66,133850,4013],{"class":137},[66,133852,163],{"class":80},[1430,133854,49088],{"id":49087},[30,133856,133857,133870,133875],{},[33,133858,133859,133861,133862,2487,133864,2487,133866,2491,133868],{},[15,133860,133842],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133863,133665],{},[15,133865,133671],{},[15,133867,133677],{},[15,133869,6565],{},[33,133871,133872,133874],{},[15,133873,4013],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133876,133877],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133879,281],{},[57,133881,133883],{"className":59,"code":133882,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133884,133885,133917,133940,133944],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133886,133887,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133888,5290],{"class":72},[66,133890,77],{"class":76},[66,133892,1711],{"class":80},[66,133894,85],{"class":84},[66,133896,100],{"class":88},[66,133898,85],{"class":84},[66,133900,105],{"class":80},[66,133902,97],{"class":84},[66,133904,36011],{"class":88},[66,133906,85],{"class":84},[66,133908,105],{"class":80},[66,133910,97],{"class":84},[66,133912,36020],{"class":88},[66,133914,85],{"class":84},[66,133916,240],{"class":80},[66,133918,133919,133921,133923,133925,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,133920,877],{"class":72},[66,133922,77],{"class":76},[66,133924,97],{"class":84},[66,133926,133927],{"class":88}," | ",[66,133929,85],{"class":84},[66,133931,50],{"class":80},[66,133933,133597],{"class":137},[66,133935,158],{"class":80},[66,133937,5334],{"class":137},[66,133939,163],{"class":80},[66,133941,133942],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,133943,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,133945,133946,133948,133950,133952],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,133947,155],{"class":154},[66,133949,158],{"class":80},[66,133951,901],{"class":137},[66,133953,163],{"class":80},[20,133955,187],{},[57,133957,133959],{"className":59,"code":133958,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133960,133961],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133962,133963,133966,133968,133971,133973],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133964,133965],{"class":72},"Ana ",[66,133967,113945],{"class":76},[66,133969,133970],{"class":72}," Ben ",[66,133972,113945],{"class":76},[66,133974,36092],{"class":72},[20,133976,133977,133978,50],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[652,133979,125193],{"href":51054},[52,133981,121969],{"id":121968},[1430,133983,133985],{"id":133984},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[57,133987,133989],{"className":59,"code":133988,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133990,133991,134024,134044,134048],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,133992,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134020,134022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,133994,4363],{"class":72},[66,133996,77],{"class":76},[66,133998,1711],{"class":80},[66,134000,85],{"class":84},[66,134002,7590],{"class":88},[66,134004,85],{"class":84},[66,134006,105],{"class":80},[66,134008,97],{"class":84},[66,134010,12475],{"class":88},[66,134012,85],{"class":84},[66,134014,105],{"class":80},[66,134016,97],{"class":84},[66,134018,134019],{"class":88},"easy",[66,134021,85],{"class":84},[66,134023,240],{"class":80},[66,134025,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134027,877],{"class":72},[66,134029,77],{"class":76},[66,134031,97],{"class":84},[66,134033,97],{"class":84},[66,134035,50],{"class":80},[66,134037,133597],{"class":137},[66,134039,158],{"class":80},[66,134041,4407],{"class":137},[66,134043,163],{"class":80},[66,134045,134046],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,134047,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,134049,134050,134052,134054,134056],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,134051,155],{"class":154},[66,134053,158],{"class":80},[66,134055,901],{"class":137},[66,134057,163],{"class":80},[20,134059,187],{},[57,134061,134063],{"className":59,"code":134062,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Python is easy\n",[15,134064,134065],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134066,134067,134069,134071],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134068,3870],{"class":72},[66,134070,12475],{"class":76},[66,134072,134073],{"class":72}," easy\n",[1430,134075,134077],{"id":134076},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[57,134079,134081],{"className":59,"code":134080,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134082,134083,134118,134140,134144],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134084,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093,134096,134098,134100,134102,134105,134107,134109,134111,134114,134116],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134086,8073],{"class":72},[66,134088,77],{"class":76},[66,134090,1711],{"class":80},[66,134092,85],{"class":84},[66,134094,134095],{"class":88},"apples",[66,134097,85],{"class":84},[66,134099,105],{"class":80},[66,134101,97],{"class":84},[66,134103,134104],{"class":88},"bananas",[66,134106,85],{"class":84},[66,134108,105],{"class":80},[66,134110,97],{"class":84},[66,134112,134113],{"class":88},"oranges",[66,134115,85],{"class":84},[66,134117,240],{"class":80},[66,134119,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134121,877],{"class":72},[66,134123,77],{"class":76},[66,134125,97],{"class":84},[66,134127,2487],{"class":88},[66,134129,85],{"class":84},[66,134131,50],{"class":80},[66,134133,133597],{"class":137},[66,134135,158],{"class":80},[66,134137,8103],{"class":137},[66,134139,163],{"class":80},[66,134141,134142],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,134143,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,134145,134146,134148,134150,134152],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,134147,155],{"class":154},[66,134149,158],{"class":80},[66,134151,901],{"class":137},[66,134153,163],{"class":80},[20,134155,187],{},[57,134157,134159],{"className":59,"code":134158,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134160,134161],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134162,134163,134165,134167,134170,134172],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134164,134095],{"class":72},[66,134166,105],{"class":80},[66,134168,134169],{"class":72}," bananas",[66,134171,105],{"class":80},[66,134173,134174],{"class":72}," oranges\n",[1430,134176,134178],{"id":134177},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[57,134180,134182],{"className":59,"code":134181,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134183,134184,134241,134259,134263],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134185,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134187,36161],{"class":72},[66,134189,77],{"class":76},[66,134191,1711],{"class":80},[66,134193,85],{"class":84},[66,134195,134196],{"class":88},"P",[66,134198,85],{"class":84},[66,134200,105],{"class":80},[66,134202,97],{"class":84},[66,134204,12026],{"class":88},[66,134206,85],{"class":84},[66,134208,105],{"class":80},[66,134210,97],{"class":84},[66,134212,63369],{"class":88},[66,134214,85],{"class":84},[66,134216,105],{"class":80},[66,134218,97],{"class":84},[66,134220,60520],{"class":88},[66,134222,85],{"class":84},[66,134224,105],{"class":80},[66,134226,97],{"class":84},[66,134228,60555],{"class":88},[66,134230,85],{"class":84},[66,134232,105],{"class":80},[66,134234,97],{"class":84},[66,134236,76113],{"class":88},[66,134238,85],{"class":84},[66,134240,240],{"class":80},[66,134242,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134244,877],{"class":72},[66,134246,77],{"class":76},[66,134248,6419],{"class":84},[66,134250,50],{"class":80},[66,134252,133597],{"class":137},[66,134254,158],{"class":80},[66,134256,36214],{"class":137},[66,134258,163],{"class":80},[66,134260,134261],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,134262,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,134264,134265,134267,134269,134271],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,134266,155],{"class":154},[66,134268,158],{"class":80},[66,134270,901],{"class":137},[66,134272,163],{"class":80},[20,134274,187],{},[57,134276,134278],{"className":59,"code":134277,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Python\n",[15,134279,134280],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134281,134282],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134283,134277],{"class":72},[1430,134285,134287,134288,134290],{"id":134286},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134289,133520],{}," returns the result",[57,134292,134294],{"className":59,"code":134293,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134295,134296,134329,134352,134356],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134297,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134325,134327],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134299,4363],{"class":72},[66,134301,77],{"class":76},[66,134303,1711],{"class":80},[66,134305,85],{"class":84},[66,134307,6878],{"class":88},[66,134309,85],{"class":84},[66,134311,105],{"class":80},[66,134313,97],{"class":84},[66,134315,79354],{"class":88},[66,134317,85],{"class":84},[66,134319,105],{"class":80},[66,134321,97],{"class":84},[66,134323,134324],{"class":88},"three",[66,134326,85],{"class":84},[66,134328,240],{"class":80},[66,134330,134331,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134332,134333],{"class":72},"joined_text ",[66,134335,77],{"class":76},[66,134337,97],{"class":84},[66,134339,2319],{"class":88},[66,134341,85],{"class":84},[66,134343,50],{"class":80},[66,134345,133597],{"class":137},[66,134347,158],{"class":80},[66,134349,4407],{"class":137},[66,134351,163],{"class":80},[66,134353,134354],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,134355,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,134357,134358,134360,134362,134365],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,134359,155],{"class":154},[66,134361,158],{"class":80},[66,134363,134364],{"class":137},"joined_text",[66,134366,163],{"class":80},[20,134368,187],{},[57,134370,134372],{"className":59,"code":134371,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"one-two-three\n",[15,134373,134374],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134375,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134377,6878],{"class":72},[66,134379,2319],{"class":76},[66,134381,79354],{"class":72},[66,134383,2319],{"class":76},[66,134385,134386],{"class":72},"three\n",[52,134388,134390],{"id":134389},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134392,134393],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1430,134395,134397,134400],{"id":134396},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134398,134399],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[57,134402,134404],{"className":59,"code":134403,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134405,134406,134430],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134407,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134409,4363],{"class":72},[66,134411,77],{"class":76},[66,134413,1711],{"class":80},[66,134415,85],{"class":84},[66,134417,4139],{"class":88},[66,134419,85],{"class":84},[66,134421,105],{"class":80},[66,134423,97],{"class":84},[66,134425,60673],{"class":88},[66,134427,85],{"class":84},[66,134429,240],{"class":80},[66,134431,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134433,155],{"class":154},[66,134435,158],{"class":80},[66,134437,85],{"class":84},[66,134439,97],{"class":84},[66,134441,50],{"class":80},[66,134443,133597],{"class":137},[66,134445,158],{"class":80},[66,134447,4407],{"class":137},[66,134449,181],{"class":80},[20,134451,187],{},[57,134453,134455],{"className":59,"code":134454,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"hello world\n",[15,134456,134457],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134458,134459],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134460,134454],{"class":72},[1430,134462,134464,134467],{"id":134463},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134465,134466],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[57,134469,134471],{"className":59,"code":134470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134472,134473,134505],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134474,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134476,13356],{"class":72},[66,134478,77],{"class":76},[66,134480,1711],{"class":80},[66,134482,85],{"class":84},[66,134484,13373],{"class":88},[66,134486,85],{"class":84},[66,134488,105],{"class":80},[66,134490,97],{"class":84},[66,134492,13390],{"class":88},[66,134494,85],{"class":84},[66,134496,105],{"class":80},[66,134498,97],{"class":84},[66,134500,17716],{"class":88},[66,134502,85],{"class":84},[66,134504,240],{"class":80},[66,134506,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134508,155],{"class":154},[66,134510,158],{"class":80},[66,134512,85],{"class":84},[66,134514,2487],{"class":88},[66,134516,85],{"class":84},[66,134518,50],{"class":80},[66,134520,133597],{"class":137},[66,134522,158],{"class":80},[66,134524,17763],{"class":137},[66,134526,181],{"class":80},[20,134528,187],{},[57,134530,134532],{"className":59,"code":134531,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134533,134534],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134535,134536,134538,134540,134543,134545],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134537,13373],{"class":72},[66,134539,105],{"class":80},[66,134541,134542],{"class":72}," blue",[66,134544,105],{"class":80},[66,134546,35944],{"class":72},[20,134548,134549],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1430,134551,134553,134556],{"id":134552},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134554,134555],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[57,134558,134560],{"className":59,"code":134559,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134561,134562,134594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134563,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134565,42912],{"class":72},[66,134567,77],{"class":76},[66,134569,1711],{"class":80},[66,134571,85],{"class":84},[66,134573,61],{"class":88},[66,134575,85],{"class":84},[66,134577,105],{"class":80},[66,134579,97],{"class":84},[66,134581,61256],{"class":88},[66,134583,85],{"class":84},[66,134585,105],{"class":80},[66,134587,97],{"class":84},[66,134589,133597],{"class":88},[66,134591,85],{"class":84},[66,134593,240],{"class":80},[66,134595,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134597,155],{"class":154},[66,134599,158],{"class":80},[66,134601,85],{"class":84},[66,134603,2319],{"class":88},[66,134605,85],{"class":84},[66,134607,50],{"class":80},[66,134609,133597],{"class":137},[66,134611,158],{"class":80},[66,134613,42944],{"class":137},[66,134615,181],{"class":80},[20,134617,187],{},[57,134619,134621],{"className":59,"code":134620,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"python-string-join\n",[15,134622,134623],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134624,134625,134627,134629,134631,134633],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134626,61],{"class":72},[66,134628,2319],{"class":76},[66,134630,61256],{"class":72},[66,134632,2319],{"class":76},[66,134634,134635],{"class":72},"join\n",[1430,134637,134639,134642],{"id":134638},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134640,134641],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[57,134644,134646],{"className":59,"code":134645,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134647,134648,134681],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134649,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134677,134679],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134651,113017],{"class":72},[66,134653,77],{"class":76},[66,134655,1711],{"class":80},[66,134657,85],{"class":84},[66,134659,518],{"class":88},[66,134661,85],{"class":84},[66,134663,105],{"class":80},[66,134665,97],{"class":84},[66,134667,30666],{"class":88},[66,134669,85],{"class":84},[66,134671,105],{"class":80},[66,134673,97],{"class":84},[66,134675,134676],{"class":88},"C",[66,134678,85],{"class":84},[66,134680,240],{"class":80},[66,134682,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134698],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134684,155],{"class":154},[66,134686,158],{"class":80},[66,134688,6565],{"class":84},[66,134690,50],{"class":80},[66,134692,133597],{"class":137},[66,134694,158],{"class":80},[66,134696,134697],{"class":137},"chars",[66,134699,181],{"class":80},[20,134701,187],{},[57,134703,134705],{"className":59,"code":134704,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ABC\n",[15,134706,134707],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134708,134709],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134710,134704],{"class":34521},[52,134712,134714],{"id":134713},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134716,134717,134719],{},[15,134718,133520],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1430,134721,134723],{"id":134722},"this-works","This works",[57,134725,134727],{"className":59,"code":134726,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134728,134729,134761],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134730,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134732,4116],{"class":72},[66,134734,77],{"class":76},[66,134736,1711],{"class":80},[66,134738,85],{"class":84},[66,134740,2628],{"class":88},[66,134742,85],{"class":84},[66,134744,105],{"class":80},[66,134746,97],{"class":84},[66,134748,16028],{"class":88},[66,134750,85],{"class":84},[66,134752,105],{"class":80},[66,134754,97],{"class":84},[66,134756,36913],{"class":88},[66,134758,85],{"class":84},[66,134760,240],{"class":80},[66,134762,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134764,155],{"class":154},[66,134766,158],{"class":80},[66,134768,85],{"class":84},[66,134770,2487],{"class":88},[66,134772,85],{"class":84},[66,134774,50],{"class":80},[66,134776,133597],{"class":137},[66,134778,158],{"class":80},[66,134780,5655],{"class":137},[66,134782,181],{"class":80},[20,134784,187],{},[57,134786,134788],{"className":59,"code":134787,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134789,134790],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134791,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134793,2628],{"class":117},[66,134795,105],{"class":80},[66,134797,118],{"class":117},[66,134799,105],{"class":80},[66,134801,134802],{"class":117}," 30\n",[1430,134804,134806],{"id":134805},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[57,134808,134810],{"className":59,"code":134809,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134811,134812,134832],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134813,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134815,4116],{"class":72},[66,134817,77],{"class":76},[66,134819,1711],{"class":80},[66,134821,1714],{"class":117},[66,134823,105],{"class":80},[66,134825,1719],{"class":117},[66,134827,105],{"class":80},[66,134829,1724],{"class":117},[66,134831,240],{"class":80},[66,134833,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134835,155],{"class":154},[66,134837,158],{"class":80},[66,134839,85],{"class":84},[66,134841,2487],{"class":88},[66,134843,85],{"class":84},[66,134845,50],{"class":80},[66,134847,133597],{"class":137},[66,134849,158],{"class":80},[66,134851,5655],{"class":137},[66,134853,181],{"class":80},[20,134855,90394,134856,134858],{},[15,134857,3302],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134860,134861],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[57,134863,134865],{"className":59,"code":134864,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134866,134867,134887,134917,134921],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134868,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134870,4116],{"class":72},[66,134872,77],{"class":76},[66,134874,1711],{"class":80},[66,134876,1714],{"class":117},[66,134878,105],{"class":80},[66,134880,1719],{"class":117},[66,134882,105],{"class":80},[66,134884,1724],{"class":117},[66,134886,240],{"class":80},[66,134888,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134890,877],{"class":72},[66,134892,77],{"class":76},[66,134894,97],{"class":84},[66,134896,2487],{"class":88},[66,134898,85],{"class":84},[66,134900,50],{"class":80},[66,134902,133597],{"class":137},[66,134904,158],{"class":80},[66,134906,39933],{"class":154},[66,134908,158],{"class":80},[66,134910,3737],{"class":173},[66,134912,105],{"class":80},[66,134914,4179],{"class":137},[66,134916,181],{"class":80},[66,134918,134919],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,134920,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,134922,134923,134925,134927,134929],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,134924,155],{"class":154},[66,134926,158],{"class":80},[66,134928,901],{"class":137},[66,134930,163],{"class":80},[20,134932,187],{},[57,134934,134936],{"className":59,"code":134935,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134937,134938],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134939,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134941,1714],{"class":117},[66,134943,105],{"class":80},[66,134945,1719],{"class":117},[66,134947,105],{"class":80},[66,134949,2876],{"class":117},[20,134951,134952,134953,50],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[652,134954,3870,134955,3803],{"href":42250},[15,134956,47761],{},[1430,134958,134960,134962],{"id":134959},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134961,4071],{}," values do not work directly",[57,134964,134966],{"className":59,"code":134965,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134967,134968,134996],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,134969,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,134971,4116],{"class":72},[66,134973,77],{"class":76},[66,134975,1711],{"class":80},[66,134977,85],{"class":84},[66,134979,4372],{"class":88},[66,134981,85],{"class":84},[66,134983,105],{"class":80},[66,134985,4147],{"class":4146},[66,134987,105],{"class":80},[66,134989,97],{"class":84},[66,134991,4381],{"class":88},[66,134993,85],{"class":84},[66,134995,240],{"class":80},[66,134997,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,134999,155],{"class":154},[66,135001,158],{"class":80},[66,135003,85],{"class":84},[66,135005,2487],{"class":88},[66,135007,85],{"class":84},[66,135009,50],{"class":80},[66,135011,133597],{"class":137},[66,135013,158],{"class":80},[66,135015,5655],{"class":137},[66,135017,181],{"class":80},[20,135019,135020,135021,50],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135022,3302],{},[20,135024,135025],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[57,135027,135029],{"className":59,"code":135028,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135030,135031,135059,135089,135093],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135032,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135034,4116],{"class":72},[66,135036,77],{"class":76},[66,135038,1711],{"class":80},[66,135040,85],{"class":84},[66,135042,4372],{"class":88},[66,135044,85],{"class":84},[66,135046,105],{"class":80},[66,135048,4147],{"class":4146},[66,135050,105],{"class":80},[66,135052,97],{"class":84},[66,135054,4381],{"class":88},[66,135056,85],{"class":84},[66,135058,240],{"class":80},[66,135060,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135062,877],{"class":72},[66,135064,77],{"class":76},[66,135066,97],{"class":84},[66,135068,2487],{"class":88},[66,135070,85],{"class":84},[66,135072,50],{"class":80},[66,135074,133597],{"class":137},[66,135076,158],{"class":80},[66,135078,39933],{"class":154},[66,135080,158],{"class":80},[66,135082,3737],{"class":173},[66,135084,105],{"class":80},[66,135086,4179],{"class":137},[66,135088,181],{"class":80},[66,135090,135091],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,135092,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,135094,135095,135097,135099,135101],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,135096,155],{"class":154},[66,135098,158],{"class":80},[66,135100,901],{"class":137},[66,135102,163],{"class":80},[20,135104,187],{},[57,135106,135108],{"className":59,"code":135107,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135109,135110],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135111,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135113,4372],{"class":72},[66,135115,105],{"class":80},[66,135117,4147],{"class":4146},[66,135119,105],{"class":80},[66,135121,135122],{"class":72}," banana\n",[20,135124,135125,135126,135128],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135127,4071],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1430,135130,135132,135134],{"id":135131},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135133,133520],{}," also works with tuples",[57,135136,135138],{"className":59,"code":135137,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135139,135140,135172],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135141,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135143,5290],{"class":72},[66,135145,77],{"class":76},[66,135147,9527],{"class":80},[66,135149,85],{"class":84},[66,135151,7970],{"class":88},[66,135153,85],{"class":84},[66,135155,105],{"class":80},[66,135157,97],{"class":84},[66,135159,131526],{"class":88},[66,135161,85],{"class":84},[66,135163,105],{"class":80},[66,135165,97],{"class":84},[66,135167,8215],{"class":88},[66,135169,85],{"class":84},[66,135171,163],{"class":80},[66,135173,135174,135176,135178,135180,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135175,155],{"class":154},[66,135177,158],{"class":80},[66,135179,85],{"class":84},[66,135181,135182],{"class":88}," \u002F ",[66,135184,85],{"class":84},[66,135186,50],{"class":80},[66,135188,133597],{"class":137},[66,135190,158],{"class":80},[66,135192,5334],{"class":137},[66,135194,181],{"class":80},[20,135196,187],{},[57,135198,135200],{"className":59,"code":135199,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135201,135202],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135203,135204,135207,135209,135212,135214],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135205,135206],{"class":72},"Sam ",[66,135208,127330],{"class":76},[66,135210,135211],{"class":72}," Lee ",[66,135213,127330],{"class":76},[66,135215,22588],{"class":72},[52,135217,135219,135220],{"id":135218},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135221,133520],{},[20,135223,135224],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1430,135226,135228,135229,135231],{"id":135227},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135230,3302],{}," because not all items are strings",[57,135233,135235],{"className":59,"code":135234,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135236,135237,135265],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135238,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135240,8073],{"class":72},[66,135242,77],{"class":76},[66,135244,1711],{"class":80},[66,135246,85],{"class":84},[66,135248,652],{"class":88},[66,135250,85],{"class":84},[66,135252,105],{"class":80},[66,135254,1719],{"class":117},[66,135256,105],{"class":80},[66,135258,97],{"class":84},[66,135260,10027],{"class":88},[66,135262,85],{"class":84},[66,135264,240],{"class":80},[66,135266,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135268,155],{"class":154},[66,135270,158],{"class":80},[66,135272,85],{"class":84},[66,135274,97],{"class":84},[66,135276,50],{"class":80},[66,135278,133597],{"class":137},[66,135280,158],{"class":80},[66,135282,8103],{"class":137},[66,135284,181],{"class":80},[20,135286,48588,135287,135289],{},[15,135288,2354],{}," is an integer.",[20,135291,39335],{},[57,135293,135295],{"className":59,"code":135294,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135296,135297,135325],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135298,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135300,8073],{"class":72},[66,135302,77],{"class":76},[66,135304,1711],{"class":80},[66,135306,85],{"class":84},[66,135308,652],{"class":88},[66,135310,85],{"class":84},[66,135312,105],{"class":80},[66,135314,1719],{"class":117},[66,135316,105],{"class":80},[66,135318,97],{"class":84},[66,135320,10027],{"class":88},[66,135322,85],{"class":84},[66,135324,240],{"class":80},[66,135326,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135328,155],{"class":154},[66,135330,158],{"class":80},[66,135332,85],{"class":84},[66,135334,97],{"class":84},[66,135336,50],{"class":80},[66,135338,133597],{"class":137},[66,135340,158],{"class":80},[66,135342,39933],{"class":154},[66,135344,158],{"class":80},[66,135346,3737],{"class":173},[66,135348,105],{"class":80},[66,135350,6258],{"class":137},[66,135352,3210],{"class":80},[20,135354,135355,135356,50],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[652,135357,1755,135359],{"href":135358},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135360,135361],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1430,135363,135365,135366,135368],{"id":135364},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135367,133520],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135370,4821],{},[57,135372,135374],{"className":59,"code":135373,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135375,135376,135408],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135377,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135379,4363],{"class":72},[66,135381,77],{"class":76},[66,135383,1711],{"class":80},[66,135385,85],{"class":84},[66,135387,7590],{"class":88},[66,135389,85],{"class":84},[66,135391,105],{"class":80},[66,135393,97],{"class":84},[66,135395,12475],{"class":88},[66,135397,85],{"class":84},[66,135399,105],{"class":80},[66,135401,97],{"class":84},[66,135403,133578],{"class":88},[66,135405,85],{"class":84},[66,135407,240],{"class":80},[66,135409,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135411,877],{"class":72},[66,135413,77],{"class":76},[66,135415,6461],{"class":72},[66,135417,50],{"class":80},[66,135419,133597],{"class":137},[66,135421,158],{"class":80},[66,135423,85],{"class":84},[66,135425,97],{"class":84},[66,135427,163],{"class":80},[20,135429,135430,135432],{},[15,135431,133520],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135434,11091],{},[57,135436,135438],{"className":59,"code":135437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135439,135440,135472,135492,135496],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135441,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135443,4363],{"class":72},[66,135445,77],{"class":76},[66,135447,1711],{"class":80},[66,135449,85],{"class":84},[66,135451,7590],{"class":88},[66,135453,85],{"class":84},[66,135455,105],{"class":80},[66,135457,97],{"class":84},[66,135459,12475],{"class":88},[66,135461,85],{"class":84},[66,135463,105],{"class":80},[66,135465,97],{"class":84},[66,135467,133578],{"class":88},[66,135469,85],{"class":84},[66,135471,240],{"class":80},[66,135473,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488,135490],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135475,877],{"class":72},[66,135477,77],{"class":76},[66,135479,97],{"class":84},[66,135481,97],{"class":84},[66,135483,50],{"class":80},[66,135485,133597],{"class":137},[66,135487,158],{"class":80},[66,135489,4407],{"class":137},[66,135491,163],{"class":80},[66,135493,135494],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,135495,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,135497,135498,135500,135502,135504],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,135499,155],{"class":154},[66,135501,158],{"class":80},[66,135503,901],{"class":137},[66,135505,163],{"class":80},[1430,135507,135509],{"id":135508},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[57,135511,135513],{"className":59,"code":135512,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135514,135515,135547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135516,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135518,4363],{"class":72},[66,135520,77],{"class":76},[66,135522,1711],{"class":80},[66,135524,85],{"class":84},[66,135526,6878],{"class":88},[66,135528,85],{"class":84},[66,135530,105],{"class":80},[66,135532,97],{"class":84},[66,135534,79354],{"class":88},[66,135536,85],{"class":84},[66,135538,105],{"class":80},[66,135540,97],{"class":84},[66,135542,134324],{"class":88},[66,135544,85],{"class":84},[66,135546,240],{"class":80},[66,135548,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135550,155],{"class":154},[66,135552,158],{"class":80},[66,135554,6565],{"class":84},[66,135556,50],{"class":80},[66,135558,133597],{"class":137},[66,135560,158],{"class":80},[66,135562,4407],{"class":137},[66,135564,181],{"class":80},[20,135566,187],{},[57,135568,135570],{"className":59,"code":135569,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"onetwothree\n",[15,135571,135572],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135573,135574],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135575,135569],{"class":72},[20,135577,135578,135579,6924],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135580,133665],{},[1430,135582,135584,135585,131788],{"id":135583},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135586,133520],{},[57,135588,135590],{"className":59,"code":135589,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135591,135592,135624,135642,135646],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135593,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135595,4363],{"class":72},[66,135597,77],{"class":76},[66,135599,1711],{"class":80},[66,135601,85],{"class":84},[66,135603,652],{"class":88},[66,135605,85],{"class":84},[66,135607,105],{"class":80},[66,135609,97],{"class":84},[66,135611,1903],{"class":88},[66,135613,85],{"class":84},[66,135615,105],{"class":80},[66,135617,97],{"class":84},[66,135619,10027],{"class":88},[66,135621,85],{"class":84},[66,135623,240],{"class":80},[66,135625,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636,135638,135640],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135627,85],{"class":43404},[66,135629,2319],{"class":43408},[66,135631,85],{"class":43404},[66,135633,50],{"class":80},[66,135635,133597],{"class":137},[66,135637,158],{"class":80},[66,135639,4407],{"class":137},[66,135641,163],{"class":80},[66,135643,135644],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,135645,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,135647,135648,135650,135652,135654],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,135649,155],{"class":154},[66,135651,158],{"class":80},[66,135653,4407],{"class":137},[66,135655,163],{"class":80},[20,135657,187],{},[57,135659,135660],{"className":59,"code":42951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,135661,135662],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135663,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135665,223],{"class":80},[66,135667,202],{"class":84},[66,135669,652],{"class":88},[66,135671,202],{"class":84},[66,135673,105],{"class":80},[66,135675,211],{"class":84},[66,135677,1903],{"class":88},[66,135679,202],{"class":84},[66,135681,105],{"class":80},[66,135683,211],{"class":84},[66,135685,10027],{"class":88},[66,135687,202],{"class":84},[66,135689,240],{"class":80},[20,135691,135692,135693,135695],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135694,133520],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[52,135697,135699,135701,135702],{"id":135698},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135700,133520],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135703,2357],{},[20,135705,10876,135706,4688,135708,135710],{},[15,135707,133520],{},[15,135709,2357],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1430,135712,243,135714,135716],{"id":135713},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135715,2357],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[57,135718,135720],{"className":59,"code":135719,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135721,135722,135735,135748,135768,135772],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135723,135724,135727,135729,135731,135733],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135725,135726],{"class":72},"first ",[66,135728,77],{"class":76},[66,135730,97],{"class":84},[66,135732,34936],{"class":88},[66,135734,376],{"class":84},[66,135736,135737,135740,135742,135744,135746],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135738,135739],{"class":72},"second ",[66,135741,77],{"class":76},[66,135743,97],{"class":84},[66,135745,89823],{"class":88},[66,135747,376],{"class":84},[66,135749,135750,135752,135754,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,135751,877],{"class":72},[66,135753,77],{"class":76},[66,135755,135756],{"class":72}," first ",[66,135758,2357],{"class":76},[66,135760,97],{"class":84},[66,135762,97],{"class":84},[66,135764,2752],{"class":76},[66,135766,135767],{"class":72}," second\n",[66,135769,135770],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,135771,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,135773,135774,135776,135778,135780],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,135775,155],{"class":154},[66,135777,158],{"class":80},[66,135779,901],{"class":137},[66,135781,163],{"class":80},[20,135783,187],{},[57,135785,135787],{"className":59,"code":135786,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Hello World\n",[15,135788,135789],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135790,135791],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135792,135786],{"class":72},[1430,135794,243,135796,135798],{"id":135795},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135797,133520],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[57,135800,135802],{"className":59,"code":135801,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135803,135804,135846,135866,135870],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135805,135806,135808,135810,135812,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822,135825,135827,135829,135831,135834,135836,135838,135840,135842,135844],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135807,4363],{"class":72},[66,135809,77],{"class":76},[66,135811,1711],{"class":80},[66,135813,85],{"class":84},[66,135815,7590],{"class":88},[66,135817,85],{"class":84},[66,135819,105],{"class":80},[66,135821,97],{"class":84},[66,135823,135824],{"class":88},"makes",[66,135826,85],{"class":84},[66,135828,105],{"class":80},[66,135830,97],{"class":84},[66,135832,135833],{"class":88},"this",[66,135835,85],{"class":84},[66,135837,105],{"class":80},[66,135839,97],{"class":84},[66,135841,134019],{"class":88},[66,135843,85],{"class":84},[66,135845,240],{"class":80},[66,135847,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860,135862,135864],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135849,877],{"class":72},[66,135851,77],{"class":76},[66,135853,97],{"class":84},[66,135855,97],{"class":84},[66,135857,50],{"class":80},[66,135859,133597],{"class":137},[66,135861,158],{"class":80},[66,135863,4407],{"class":137},[66,135865,163],{"class":80},[66,135867,135868],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,135869,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,135871,135872,135874,135876,135878],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,135873,155],{"class":154},[66,135875,158],{"class":80},[66,135877,901],{"class":137},[66,135879,163],{"class":80},[20,135881,187],{},[57,135883,135885],{"className":59,"code":135884,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135886,135887],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135888,135889],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135890,135884],{"class":72},[20,135892,135893,135895],{},[15,135894,133520],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135897,135898,135901,135904],{},[33,135899,135900],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135902,135903],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135905,135906,135907,135909],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135908,2357],{}," operators",[20,135911,135912,135913,50],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[652,135914,135916],{"href":135915},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[52,135918,135920],{"id":135919},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135922,9168,135923,135925],{},[15,135924,133520],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135927,135928,135931,135936,135945,135951],{},[33,135929,135930],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135932,135933,135934],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135935,4071],{},[33,135937,135938,135939,11376,135942],{},"You may have written ",[15,135940,135941],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135943,135944],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135946,135947,135948,135950],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135949,133520],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135952,135953],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135955,94463],{},[57,135957,135959],{"className":59,"code":135958,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135960,135961,135975,135985,136009,136049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,135962,135963,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,135964,155],{"class":154},[66,135966,158],{"class":80},[66,135968,912],{"class":173},[66,135970,158],{"class":80},[66,135972,8103],{"class":137},[66,135974,181],{"class":80},[66,135976,135977,135979,135981,135983],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,135978,155],{"class":154},[66,135980,158],{"class":80},[66,135982,8103],{"class":137},[66,135984,163],{"class":80},[66,135986,135987,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,135988,155],{"class":154},[66,135990,199],{"class":80},[66,135992,912],{"class":173},[66,135994,158],{"class":80},[66,135996,23563],{"class":137},[66,135998,3954],{"class":80},[66,136000,4171],{"class":1060},[66,136002,6253],{"class":137},[66,136004,1067],{"class":1060},[66,136006,6258],{"class":137},[66,136008,218],{"class":80},[66,136010,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,136012,155],{"class":154},[66,136014,158],{"class":80},[66,136016,202],{"class":84},[66,136018,211],{"class":84},[66,136020,50],{"class":80},[66,136022,133597],{"class":137},[66,136024,199],{"class":80},[66,136026,202],{"class":84},[66,136028,652],{"class":88},[66,136030,202],{"class":84},[66,136032,105],{"class":80},[66,136034,211],{"class":84},[66,136036,1903],{"class":88},[66,136038,202],{"class":84},[66,136040,105],{"class":80},[66,136042,211],{"class":84},[66,136044,10027],{"class":88},[66,136046,202],{"class":84},[66,136048,3296],{"class":80},[66,136050,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063,136065,136067,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083,136085,136087],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,136052,155],{"class":154},[66,136054,158],{"class":80},[66,136056,202],{"class":84},[66,136058,2487],{"class":88},[66,136060,202],{"class":84},[66,136062,50],{"class":80},[66,136064,133597],{"class":137},[66,136066,158],{"class":80},[66,136068,39933],{"class":154},[66,136070,158],{"class":80},[66,136072,3737],{"class":173},[66,136074,105],{"class":80},[66,136076,1711],{"class":80},[66,136078,1714],{"class":117},[66,136080,105],{"class":80},[66,136082,1719],{"class":117},[66,136084,105],{"class":80},[66,136086,1724],{"class":117},[66,136088,37337],{"class":80},[20,136090,136091],{},"What these checks do:",[30,136093,136094,136102,136108,136114,136123],{},[33,136095,136096,136099,136100,8389],{},[15,136097,136098],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136101,8103],{},[33,136103,136104,136107],{},[15,136105,136106],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,136109,136110,136113],{},[15,136111,136112],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,136115,136116,136119,136120,136122],{},[15,136117,136118],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136121,133520],{}," behavior",[33,136124,136125,136128],{},[15,136126,136127],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[52,136130,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,136132,12986,136134,136136],{"id":136133},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136135,133520],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136138,136139,136140,136142,136143,50],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136141,133520],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136144,136145],{},"map(str, values)",[1430,136147,12986,136149,57244],{"id":136148},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136150,133520],{},[20,136152,136153],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1430,136155,28393,136157,62717],{"id":136156},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136158,133520],{},[20,136160,42227,136161,136163],{},[15,136162,133520],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1430,136165,5438,136167,40034],{"id":136166},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136168,136169],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136171,136172],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1430,136174,136176,136177,136179,136180,2151],{"id":136175},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136178,3302],{}," when using ",[15,136181,133520],{},[20,136183,136184],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[52,136186,2183],{"id":2182},[30,136188,136189,136194,136200,136206,136212],{},[33,136190,136191],{},[652,136192,136193],{"href":135915},"How to join strings in Python",[33,136195,136196],{},[652,136197,126438,136198,978],{"href":129125},[15,136199,60613],{},[33,136201,136202],{},[652,136203,3870,136204,3803],{"href":42250},[15,136205,47761],{},[33,136207,136208],{},[652,136209,30413,136210],{"href":135358},[15,136211,135361],{},[33,136213,136214],{},[652,136215,125193],{"href":51054},[20,136217,97433,136218,136220],{},[15,136219,133520],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2222,136222,136223],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":136225},[136226,136227,136229,136232,136239,136249,136257,136267,136274,136275,136287],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":133637,"depth":124,"text":136228},"What join() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":136230},[136231],{"id":49087,"depth":144,"text":49088},{"id":121968,"depth":124,"text":121969,"children":136233},[136234,136235,136236,136237],{"id":133984,"depth":144,"text":133985},{"id":134076,"depth":144,"text":134077},{"id":134177,"depth":144,"text":134178},{"id":134286,"depth":144,"text":136238},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134389,"depth":124,"text":134390,"children":136240},[136241,136243,136245,136247],{"id":134396,"depth":144,"text":136242},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134463,"depth":144,"text":136244},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134552,"depth":144,"text":136246},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134638,"depth":144,"text":136248},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134713,"depth":124,"text":134714,"children":136250},[136251,136252,136253,136255],{"id":134722,"depth":144,"text":134723},{"id":134805,"depth":144,"text":134806},{"id":134959,"depth":144,"text":136254},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135131,"depth":144,"text":136256},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135218,"depth":124,"text":136258,"children":136259},"Common errors with join()",[136260,136262,136264,136265],{"id":135227,"depth":144,"text":136261},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135364,"depth":144,"text":136263},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135508,"depth":144,"text":135509},{"id":135583,"depth":144,"text":136266},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135698,"depth":124,"text":136268,"children":136269},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136270,136272],{"id":135713,"depth":144,"text":136271},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135795,"depth":144,"text":136273},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135919,"depth":124,"text":135920},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":136276},[136277,136279,136281,136283,136285],{"id":136133,"depth":144,"text":136278},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136148,"depth":144,"text":136280},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136156,"depth":144,"text":136282},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136166,"depth":144,"text":136284},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136175,"depth":144,"text":136286},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133512,"description":136288},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136295,"title":136296,"body":136297,"description":137865,"extension":2260,"meta":137866,"navigation":147,"path":137867,"seo":137868,"stem":137869,"__hash__":137870},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136298,"toc":137832},[136299,136304,136309,136311,136325,136370,136377,136382,136387,136389,136405,136414,136416,136418,136433,136435,136445,136447,136509,136511,136514,136575,136577,136593,136595,136608,136611,136658,136660,136666,136669,136672,136732,136740,136826,136830,136835,136837,136851,136854,136939,136942,137000,137011,137066,137068,137075,137081,137087,137131,137134,137181,137183,137185,137192,137194,137225,137228,137230,137261,137265,137268,137270,137310,137312,137355,137361,137366,137368,137395,137400,137403,137452,137456,137459,137534,137545,137548,137605,137612,137618,137626,137631,137638,137645,137663,137665,137719,137727,137729,137734,137737,137743,137749,137754,137757,137763,137769,137776,137784,137786,137829],[10,136300,123438,136302,18],{"id":136301},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136303,124168],{},[20,136305,123443,136306,136308],{},[15,136307,124168],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136310,28],{},[30,136312,136313,136316,136319,136322],{},[33,136314,136315],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,136317,136318],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,136320,136321],{},"clean up user input",[33,136323,136324],{},"make simple text matching easier",[57,136326,136328],{"className":59,"code":136327,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136329,136330,136343,136357],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136331,136332,136334,136336,136338,136341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136333,34756],{"class":72},[66,136335,77],{"class":76},[66,136337,97],{"class":84},[66,136339,136340],{"class":88},"Hello WORLD",[66,136342,376],{"class":84},[66,136344,136345,136347,136349,136351,136353,136355],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136346,877],{"class":72},[66,136348,77],{"class":76},[66,136350,42917],{"class":72},[66,136352,50],{"class":80},[66,136354,8933],{"class":137},[66,136356,141],{"class":80},[66,136358,136359,136361,136363,136365,136367],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,136360,155],{"class":154},[66,136362,158],{"class":80},[66,136364,901],{"class":137},[66,136366,3954],{"class":80},[66,136368,136369],{"class":1945},"  # hello world\n",[20,136371,136372,89046,136374,136376],{},[185,136373,83904],{},[15,136375,124168],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[52,136378,250,136380,253],{"id":136379},"what-lower-does",[15,136381,124168],{},[20,136383,136384,136386],{},[15,136385,124168],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136388,13332],{},[30,136390,136391,136396,136399,136402],{},[33,136392,136393,136395],{},[15,136394,124168],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,136397,136398],{},"It works on string objects",[33,136400,136401],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,136403,136404],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136406,125190,136407,136411,136412,50],{},[652,136408,136410],{"href":136409},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[652,136413,51055],{"href":51054},[52,136415,2455],{"id":2454},[20,136417,662],{},[57,136419,136421],{"className":59,"code":136420,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.lower()\n",[15,136422,136423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136424,136425,136427,136429,136431],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136426,61256],{"class":72},[66,136428,50],{"class":80},[66,136430,8933],{"class":137},[66,136432,141],{"class":80},[20,136434,43726],{},[30,136436,136437,136439,136442],{},[33,136438,97611],{},[33,136440,136441],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,136443,136444],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136446,281],{},[57,136448,136450],{"className":59,"code":136449,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136451,136452,136475,136479,136492],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136453,136454,136456,136458,136460,136463,136465,136467,136469,136472],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136455,155],{"class":154},[66,136457,158],{"class":80},[66,136459,85],{"class":84},[66,136461,136462],{"class":88},"HELLO",[66,136464,85],{"class":84},[66,136466,50],{"class":80},[66,136468,8933],{"class":137},[66,136470,136471],{"class":80},"())",[66,136473,136474],{"class":1945},"  # hello\n",[66,136476,136477],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136478,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,136480,136481,136483,136485,136487,136490],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,136482,8170],{"class":72},[66,136484,77],{"class":76},[66,136486,97],{"class":84},[66,136488,136489],{"class":88},"PyThOn",[66,136491,376],{"class":84},[66,136493,136494,136496,136498,136500,136502,136504,136506],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,136495,155],{"class":154},[66,136497,158],{"class":80},[66,136499,89],{"class":137},[66,136501,50],{"class":80},[66,136503,8933],{"class":137},[66,136505,136471],{"class":80},[66,136507,136508],{"class":1945},"  # python\n",[52,136510,11756],{"id":11755},[20,136512,136513],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[57,136515,136517],{"className":59,"code":136516,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136518,136519,136531,136535,136550,136554,136565],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136520,136521,136523,136525,136527,136529],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136522,34756],{"class":72},[66,136524,77],{"class":76},[66,136526,97],{"class":84},[66,136528,136340],{"class":88},[66,136530,376],{"class":84},[66,136532,136533],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136534,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,136536,136537,136540,136542,136544,136546,136548],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,136538,136539],{"class":72},"lower_text ",[66,136541,77],{"class":76},[66,136543,42917],{"class":72},[66,136545,50],{"class":80},[66,136547,8933],{"class":137},[66,136549,141],{"class":80},[66,136551,136552],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,136553,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,136555,136556,136558,136560,136563],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,136557,155],{"class":154},[66,136559,158],{"class":80},[66,136561,136562],{"class":137},"lower_text",[66,136564,163],{"class":80},[66,136566,136567,136569,136571,136573],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,136568,155],{"class":154},[66,136570,158],{"class":80},[66,136572,34777],{"class":137},[66,136574,163],{"class":80},[20,136576,187],{},[57,136578,136580],{"className":59,"code":136579,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136581,136582,136586],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136583,136584],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136585,134454],{"class":72},[66,136587,136588,136590],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136589,131854],{"class":72},[66,136591,136592],{"class":34521},"WORLD\n",[20,136594,630],{},[30,136596,136597,136602],{},[33,136598,136599,136601],{},[15,136600,124168],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,136603,136604,136605,136607],{},"the original ",[15,136606,34777],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136609,136610],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[57,136612,136614],{"className":59,"code":136613,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136615,136616,136628,136642,136646],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136617,136618,136620,136622,136624,136626],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136619,34756],{"class":72},[66,136621,77],{"class":76},[66,136623,97],{"class":84},[66,136625,136340],{"class":88},[66,136627,376],{"class":84},[66,136629,136630,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136631,34756],{"class":72},[66,136633,77],{"class":76},[66,136635,42917],{"class":72},[66,136637,50],{"class":80},[66,136639,8933],{"class":137},[66,136641,141],{"class":80},[66,136643,136644],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,136645,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,136647,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,136649,155],{"class":154},[66,136651,158],{"class":80},[66,136653,34777],{"class":137},[66,136655,3954],{"class":80},[66,136657,136369],{"class":1945},[52,136659,793],{"id":792},[20,136661,136662,638,136664,50],{},[15,136663,124168],{},[185,136665,61256],{},[20,136667,136668],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136670,136671],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[57,136673,136675],{"className":59,"code":136674,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136676,136677,136691,136695,136718],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136678,136679,136682,136684,136686,136689],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136680,136681],{"class":72},"answer ",[66,136683,77],{"class":76},[66,136685,97],{"class":84},[66,136687,136688],{"class":88},"YES",[66,136690,376],{"class":84},[66,136692,136693],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136694,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,136696,136697,136699,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710,136712,136714,136716],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,136698,7291],{"class":1060},[66,136700,136701],{"class":72}," answer",[66,136703,50],{"class":80},[66,136705,8933],{"class":137},[66,136707,7659],{"class":80},[66,136709,6700],{"class":76},[66,136711,97],{"class":84},[66,136713,8950],{"class":88},[66,136715,85],{"class":84},[66,136717,1133],{"class":80},[66,136719,136720,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,136721,1081],{"class":154},[66,136723,158],{"class":80},[66,136725,85],{"class":84},[66,136727,96920],{"class":88},[66,136729,85],{"class":84},[66,136731,163],{"class":80},[20,136733,136734,136735,94],{},"This is especially useful with ",[652,136736,136737,136738,2600],{"href":8512},"the ",[15,136739,3256],{},[57,136741,136743],{"className":59,"code":136742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136744,136745,136764,136768,136790,136805,136811],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136746,136747,136749,136751,136753,136755,136757,136760,136762],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136748,136681],{"class":72},[66,136750,77],{"class":76},[66,136752,8535],{"class":154},[66,136754,158],{"class":80},[66,136756,85],{"class":84},[66,136758,136759],{"class":88},"Type yes or no: ",[66,136761,85],{"class":84},[66,136763,163],{"class":80},[66,136765,136766],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136767,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,136769,136770,136772,136774,136776,136778,136780,136782,136784,136786,136788],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,136771,7291],{"class":1060},[66,136773,136701],{"class":72},[66,136775,50],{"class":80},[66,136777,8933],{"class":137},[66,136779,7659],{"class":80},[66,136781,6700],{"class":76},[66,136783,97],{"class":84},[66,136785,8950],{"class":88},[66,136787,85],{"class":84},[66,136789,1133],{"class":80},[66,136791,136792,136794,136796,136798,136801,136803],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,136793,1081],{"class":154},[66,136795,158],{"class":80},[66,136797,85],{"class":84},[66,136799,136800],{"class":88},"You typed yes",[66,136802,85],{"class":84},[66,136804,163],{"class":80},[66,136806,136807,136809],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,136808,27498],{"class":1060},[66,136810,1133],{"class":80},[66,136812,136813,136815,136817,136819,136822,136824],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,136814,1081],{"class":154},[66,136816,158],{"class":80},[66,136818,85],{"class":84},[66,136820,136821],{"class":88},"You typed something else",[66,136823,85],{"class":84},[66,136825,163],{"class":80},[52,136827,136829],{"id":136828},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136831,136832,136834],{},[15,136833,124168],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136836,7636],{},[30,136838,136839,136842,136845,136848],{},[33,136840,136841],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136843,136844],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136846,136847],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136849,136850],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136852,136853],{},"Example: checking user input",[57,136855,136857],{"className":59,"code":136856,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136858,136859,136877,136881,136903,136918,136924],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136860,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136862,45035],{"class":72},[66,136864,77],{"class":76},[66,136866,8535],{"class":154},[66,136868,158],{"class":80},[66,136870,85],{"class":84},[66,136872,45046],{"class":88},[66,136874,85],{"class":84},[66,136876,163],{"class":80},[66,136878,136879],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136880,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,136882,136883,136885,136887,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,136884,7291],{"class":1060},[66,136886,35921],{"class":72},[66,136888,50],{"class":80},[66,136890,8933],{"class":137},[66,136892,7659],{"class":80},[66,136894,6700],{"class":76},[66,136896,97],{"class":84},[66,136898,13390],{"class":88},[66,136900,85],{"class":84},[66,136902,1133],{"class":80},[66,136904,136905,136907,136909,136911,136914,136916],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,136906,1081],{"class":154},[66,136908,158],{"class":80},[66,136910,85],{"class":84},[66,136912,136913],{"class":88},"Nice choice!",[66,136915,85],{"class":84},[66,136917,163],{"class":80},[66,136919,136920,136922],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,136921,27498],{"class":1060},[66,136923,1133],{"class":80},[66,136925,136926,136928,136930,136932,136935,136937],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,136927,1081],{"class":154},[66,136929,158],{"class":80},[66,136931,85],{"class":84},[66,136933,136934],{"class":88},"Got it.",[66,136936,85],{"class":84},[66,136938,163],{"class":80},[20,136940,136941],{},"Example: simple search",[57,136943,136945],{"className":59,"code":136944,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136946,136947,136960,136964,136985],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,136948,136949,136951,136953,136955,136958],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,136950,90090],{"class":72},[66,136952,77],{"class":76},[66,136954,97],{"class":84},[66,136956,136957],{"class":88},"Python Is Fun",[66,136959,376],{"class":84},[66,136961,136962],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,136963,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,136965,136966,136968,136970,136972,136974,136976,136979,136981,136983],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,136967,7291],{"class":1060},[66,136969,97],{"class":84},[66,136971,61],{"class":88},[66,136973,85],{"class":84},[66,136975,1372],{"class":76},[66,136977,136978],{"class":72}," message",[66,136980,50],{"class":80},[66,136982,8933],{"class":137},[66,136984,1076],{"class":80},[66,136986,136987,136989,136991,136993,136996,136998],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,136988,1081],{"class":154},[66,136990,158],{"class":80},[66,136992,85],{"class":84},[66,136994,136995],{"class":88},"Found it",[66,136997,85],{"class":84},[66,136999,163],{"class":80},[20,137001,137002,137003,137005,137006,94],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137004,124168],{}," is often used with ",[652,137007,137009],{"href":137008},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137010,41728],{},[57,137012,137014],{"className":59,"code":137013,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137015,137016,137029,137048,137052],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137017,137018,137020,137022,137024,137027],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137019,8170],{"class":72},[66,137021,77],{"class":76},[66,137023,97],{"class":84},[66,137025,137026],{"class":88},"  ALICE  ",[66,137028,376],{"class":84},[66,137030,137031,137034,137036,137038,137040,137042,137044,137046],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137032,137033],{"class":72},"clean_name ",[66,137035,77],{"class":76},[66,137037,36062],{"class":72},[66,137039,50],{"class":80},[66,137041,8927],{"class":137},[66,137043,8930],{"class":80},[66,137045,8933],{"class":137},[66,137047,141],{"class":80},[66,137049,137050],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137051,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,137053,137054,137056,137058,137061,137063],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,137055,155],{"class":154},[66,137057,158],{"class":80},[66,137059,137060],{"class":137},"clean_name",[66,137062,3954],{"class":80},[66,137064,137065],{"class":1945},"  # alice\n",[52,137067,15870],{"id":15869},[20,137069,137070,137071,137074],{},"Strings are ",[185,137072,137073],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137076,137077,137078,137080],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137079,124168],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137082,137083,137084,137086],{},"So this does ",[185,137085,4926],{}," update the original variable:",[57,137088,137090],{"className":59,"code":137089,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137091,137092,137104,137114,137118],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137093,137094,137096,137098,137100,137102],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137095,34756],{"class":72},[66,137097,77],{"class":76},[66,137099,97],{"class":84},[66,137101,136462],{"class":88},[66,137103,376],{"class":84},[66,137105,137106,137108,137110,137112],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137107,34777],{"class":72},[66,137109,50],{"class":80},[66,137111,8933],{"class":137},[66,137113,141],{"class":80},[66,137115,137116],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137117,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,137119,137120,137122,137124,137126,137128],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,137121,155],{"class":154},[66,137123,158],{"class":80},[66,137125,34777],{"class":137},[66,137127,3954],{"class":80},[66,137129,137130],{"class":1945},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137132,137133],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[57,137135,137137],{"className":59,"code":137136,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137138,137139,137151,137165,137169],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137140,137141,137143,137145,137147,137149],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137142,34756],{"class":72},[66,137144,77],{"class":76},[66,137146,97],{"class":84},[66,137148,136462],{"class":88},[66,137150,376],{"class":84},[66,137152,137153,137155,137157,137159,137161,137163],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137154,34756],{"class":72},[66,137156,77],{"class":76},[66,137158,42917],{"class":72},[66,137160,50],{"class":80},[66,137162,8933],{"class":137},[66,137164,141],{"class":80},[66,137166,137167],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137168,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,137170,137171,137173,137175,137177,137179],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,137172,155],{"class":154},[66,137174,158],{"class":80},[66,137176,34777],{"class":137},[66,137178,3954],{"class":80},[66,137180,136474],{"class":1945},[52,137182,1838],{"id":1837},[1430,137184,1763],{"id":1762},[20,137186,137187,137188,11376,137190,50],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137189,8933],{},[15,137191,124168],{},[20,137193,16918],{},[57,137195,137197],{"className":59,"code":137196,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137198,137199,137211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137200,137201,137203,137205,137207,137209],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137202,34756],{"class":72},[66,137204,77],{"class":76},[66,137206,97],{"class":84},[66,137208,136462],{"class":88},[66,137210,376],{"class":84},[66,137212,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137214,155],{"class":154},[66,137216,158],{"class":80},[66,137218,34777],{"class":137},[66,137220,50],{"class":80},[66,137222,8933],{"class":784},[66,137224,163],{"class":80},[20,137226,137227],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137229,695],{},[57,137231,137233],{"className":59,"code":137232,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137234,137235,137247],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137236,137237,137239,137241,137243,137245],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137238,34756],{"class":72},[66,137240,77],{"class":76},[66,137242,97],{"class":84},[66,137244,136462],{"class":88},[66,137246,376],{"class":84},[66,137248,137249,137251,137253,137255,137257,137259],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137250,155],{"class":154},[66,137252,158],{"class":80},[66,137254,34777],{"class":137},[66,137256,50],{"class":80},[66,137258,8933],{"class":137},[66,137260,345],{"class":80},[1430,137262,137264],{"id":137263},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137266,137267],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137269,16918],{},[57,137271,137273],{"className":59,"code":137272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137274,137275,137287,137297],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137276,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137278,34756],{"class":72},[66,137280,77],{"class":76},[66,137282,97],{"class":84},[66,137284,136462],{"class":88},[66,137286,376],{"class":84},[66,137288,137289,137291,137293,137295],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137290,34777],{"class":72},[66,137292,50],{"class":80},[66,137294,8933],{"class":137},[66,137296,141],{"class":80},[66,137298,137299,137301,137303,137305,137307],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137300,155],{"class":154},[66,137302,158],{"class":80},[66,137304,34777],{"class":137},[66,137306,3954],{"class":80},[66,137308,137309],{"class":1945},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137311,695],{},[57,137313,137315],{"className":59,"code":137314,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137316,137317,137329,137343],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137318,137319,137321,137323,137325,137327],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137320,34756],{"class":72},[66,137322,77],{"class":76},[66,137324,97],{"class":84},[66,137326,136462],{"class":88},[66,137328,376],{"class":84},[66,137330,137331,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137332,34756],{"class":72},[66,137334,77],{"class":76},[66,137336,42917],{"class":72},[66,137338,50],{"class":80},[66,137340,8933],{"class":137},[66,137342,141],{"class":80},[66,137344,137345,137347,137349,137351,137353],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137346,155],{"class":154},[66,137348,158],{"class":80},[66,137350,34777],{"class":137},[66,137352,3954],{"class":80},[66,137354,136474],{"class":1945},[1430,137356,1848,137358,137360],{"id":137357},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137359,124168],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137362,137363,137365],{},[15,137364,124168],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137367,16918],{},[57,137369,137371],{"className":59,"code":137370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137372,137373,137381],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137374,137375,137377,137379],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137376,2515],{"class":72},[66,137378,77],{"class":76},[66,137380,125120],{"class":117},[66,137382,137383,137385,137387,137389,137391,137393],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137384,155],{"class":154},[66,137386,158],{"class":80},[66,137388,2537],{"class":137},[66,137390,50],{"class":80},[66,137392,8933],{"class":137},[66,137394,345],{"class":80},[20,137396,137397,137398,33668],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137399,124168],{},[20,137401,137402],{},"You can check the type first:",[57,137404,137406],{"className":59,"code":137405,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137407,137408,137420,137424,137438],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137409,137410,137412,137414,137416,137418],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137411,34756],{"class":72},[66,137413,77],{"class":76},[66,137415,97],{"class":84},[66,137417,136462],{"class":88},[66,137419,376],{"class":84},[66,137421,137422],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137423,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,137425,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137427,155],{"class":154},[66,137429,158],{"class":80},[66,137431,912],{"class":173},[66,137433,158],{"class":80},[66,137435,34777],{"class":137},[66,137437,181],{"class":80},[66,137439,137440,137442,137444,137446,137448,137450],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,137441,155],{"class":154},[66,137443,158],{"class":80},[66,137445,34777],{"class":137},[66,137447,50],{"class":80},[66,137449,8933],{"class":137},[66,137451,345],{"class":80},[1430,137453,137455],{"id":137454},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137457,137458],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[57,137460,137462],{"className":59,"code":137461,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137463,137464,137477,137481,137498,137513,137519],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137465,137466,137468,137470,137472,137475],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137467,136681],{"class":72},[66,137469,77],{"class":76},[66,137471,97],{"class":84},[66,137473,137474],{"class":88},"Yes",[66,137476,376],{"class":84},[66,137478,137479],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137480,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,137482,137483,137485,137488,137490,137492,137494,137496],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137484,7291],{"class":1060},[66,137486,137487],{"class":72}," answer ",[66,137489,4984],{"class":76},[66,137491,97],{"class":84},[66,137493,8950],{"class":88},[66,137495,85],{"class":84},[66,137497,1133],{"class":80},[66,137499,137500,137502,137504,137506,137509,137511],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,137501,1081],{"class":154},[66,137503,158],{"class":80},[66,137505,85],{"class":84},[66,137507,137508],{"class":88},"Match",[66,137510,85],{"class":84},[66,137512,163],{"class":80},[66,137514,137515,137517],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,137516,27498],{"class":1060},[66,137518,1133],{"class":80},[66,137520,137521,137523,137525,137527,137530,137532],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,137522,1081],{"class":154},[66,137524,158],{"class":80},[66,137526,85],{"class":84},[66,137528,137529],{"class":88},"No match",[66,137531,85],{"class":84},[66,137533,163],{"class":80},[20,137535,29126,137536,4688,137539,137542,137543,50],{},[15,137537,137538],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137540,137541],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137544,137529],{},[20,137546,137547],{},"Better:",[57,137549,137551],{"className":59,"code":137550,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137552,137553,137565,137569,137591],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137554,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137556,136681],{"class":72},[66,137558,77],{"class":76},[66,137560,97],{"class":84},[66,137562,137474],{"class":88},[66,137564,376],{"class":84},[66,137566,137567],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137568,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,137570,137571,137573,137575,137577,137579,137581,137583,137585,137587,137589],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137572,7291],{"class":1060},[66,137574,136701],{"class":72},[66,137576,50],{"class":80},[66,137578,8933],{"class":137},[66,137580,7659],{"class":80},[66,137582,6700],{"class":76},[66,137584,97],{"class":84},[66,137586,8950],{"class":88},[66,137588,85],{"class":84},[66,137590,1133],{"class":80},[66,137592,137593,137595,137597,137599,137601,137603],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,137594,1081],{"class":154},[66,137596,158],{"class":80},[66,137598,85],{"class":84},[66,137600,137508],{"class":88},[66,137602,85],{"class":84},[66,137604,163],{"class":80},[1430,137606,44289,137608,137611],{"id":137607},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137609,137610],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137613,137614,137615,137617],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137616,124168],{}," is enough.",[20,137619,137620,137621,137623,137624,50],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137622,137610],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137625,124168],{},[20,137627,137628,137629,122680],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137630,124168],{},[52,137632,137634,10871,137636],{"id":137633},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137635,124168],{},[15,137637,128316],{},[20,137639,137640,4688,137642,137644],{},[15,137641,124168],{},[15,137643,128316],{}," are very similar.",[30,137646,137647,137652,137657,137660],{},[33,137648,137649,137651],{},[15,137650,124168],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137653,137654,137656],{},[15,137655,128316],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137658,137659],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137661,137662],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137664,281],{},[57,137666,137668],{"className":59,"code":137667,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137669,137670,137682,137686,137702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137671,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137673,34756],{"class":72},[66,137675,77],{"class":76},[66,137677,97],{"class":84},[66,137679,129157],{"class":88},[66,137681,376],{"class":84},[66,137683,137684],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137685,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,137687,137688,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698,137700],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137689,155],{"class":154},[66,137691,158],{"class":80},[66,137693,34777],{"class":137},[66,137695,50],{"class":80},[66,137697,8933],{"class":137},[66,137699,136471],{"class":80},[66,137701,136369],{"class":1945},[66,137703,137704,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,137705,155],{"class":154},[66,137707,158],{"class":80},[66,137709,34777],{"class":137},[66,137711,50],{"class":80},[66,137713,34546],{"class":137},[66,137715,136471],{"class":80},[66,137717,137718],{"class":1945},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137720,137721,137722,50],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[652,137723,126438,137725,978],{"href":137724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137726,128316],{},[52,137728,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,137730,12986,137732,124765],{"id":137731},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137733,124168],{},[20,137735,137736],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1430,137738,12986,137740,137742],{"id":137739},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137741,124168],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137744,137745,137746,50],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137747,137748],{},"string.lower()",[1430,137750,5438,137752,12998],{"id":137751},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137753,124168],{},[20,137755,137756],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1430,137758,28393,137760,137762],{"id":137759},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137761,124168],{}," on user input?",[20,137764,137765,137766,137768],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137767,3256],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1430,137770,5475,137772,4688,137774,2151],{"id":137771},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137773,124168],{},[15,137775,137610],{},[20,137777,137778,137780,137781,137783],{},[15,137779,124168],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137782,137610],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[52,137785,2183],{"id":2182},[30,137787,137788,137792,137798,137804,137810,137814,137818,137824],{},[33,137789,137790],{},[652,137791,51055],{"href":51054},[33,137793,137794],{},[652,137795,126438,137796,978],{"href":137724},[15,137797,128316],{},[33,137799,137800],{},[652,137801,126438,137802,978],{"href":137008},[15,137803,41728],{},[33,137805,137806],{},[652,137807,126438,137808,978],{"href":130019},[15,137809,124609],{},[33,137811,137812],{},[652,137813,124837],{"href":123693},[33,137815,137816],{},[652,137817,90766],{"href":89775},[33,137819,137820],{},[652,137821,3870,137822,3803],{"href":8512},[15,137823,3256],{},[33,137825,137826],{},[652,137827,137828],{"href":136409},"What is a string in Python?",[2222,137830,137831],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":137833},[137834,137836,137837,137838,137839,137840,137841,137850,137852,137864],{"id":136379,"depth":124,"text":137835},"What lower() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":136828,"depth":124,"text":136829},{"id":15869,"depth":124,"text":15870},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":137842},[137843,137844,137845,137847,137848],{"id":1762,"depth":144,"text":1763},{"id":137263,"depth":144,"text":137264},{"id":137357,"depth":144,"text":137846},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137454,"depth":144,"text":137455},{"id":137607,"depth":144,"text":137849},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137633,"depth":124,"text":137851},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":137853},[137854,137856,137858,137860,137862],{"id":137731,"depth":144,"text":137855},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137739,"depth":144,"text":137857},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137751,"depth":144,"text":137859},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137759,"depth":144,"text":137861},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137771,"depth":144,"text":137863},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136296,"description":137865},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137872,"title":137873,"body":137874,"description":139424,"extension":2260,"meta":139425,"navigation":147,"path":139426,"seo":139427,"stem":139428,"__hash__":139429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137875,"toc":139385},[137876,137881,137886,137892,137907,137909,137969,137971,137980,137986,137991,137996,137998,138012,138016,138018,138065,138067,138085,138087,138090,138161,138163,138177,138180,138192,138201,138205,138210,138215,138219,138285,138287,138296,138300,138365,138367,138376,138379,138384,138388,138393,138397,138458,138460,138469,138473,138476,138532,138534,138543,138546,138559,138561,138565,138572,138634,138636,138649,138655,138658,138665,138670,138675,138678,138686,138688,138749,138751,138760,138763,138810,138813,138860,138862,138867,138884,138891,138896,138949,138951,138959,138961,139018,139020,139028,139032,139079,139081,139089,139097,139101,139149,139151,139160,139165,139216,139218,139227,139234,139237,139258,139260,139265,139268,139272,139275,139279,139282,139309,139315,139318,139345,139350,139352,139354,139382],[10,137877,123438,137879,18],{"id":137878},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137880,124609],{},[20,137882,123443,137883,137885],{},[15,137884,124609],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137887,137888,137889,137891],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137890,124609],{},". You will learn:",[30,137893,137894,137898,137901,137904],{},[33,137895,2105,137896,253],{},[15,137897,124609],{},[33,137899,137900],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137902,137903],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137905,137906],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[52,137908,55],{"id":54},[57,137910,137912],{"className":59,"code":137911,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137913,137914,137927,137959],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137915,137916,137918,137920,137922,137925],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137917,34756],{"class":72},[66,137919,77],{"class":76},[66,137921,97],{"class":84},[66,137923,137924],{"class":88},"I like cats",[66,137926,376],{"class":84},[66,137928,137929,137931,137933,137935,137937,137939,137941,137943,137946,137948,137950,137952,137955,137957],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,137930,130277],{"class":72},[66,137932,77],{"class":76},[66,137934,42917],{"class":72},[66,137936,50],{"class":80},[66,137938,35068],{"class":137},[66,137940,158],{"class":80},[66,137942,85],{"class":84},[66,137944,137945],{"class":88},"cats",[66,137947,85],{"class":84},[66,137949,105],{"class":80},[66,137951,97],{"class":84},[66,137953,137954],{"class":88},"dogs",[66,137956,85],{"class":84},[66,137958,163],{"class":80},[66,137960,137961,137963,137965,137967],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,137962,155],{"class":154},[66,137964,158],{"class":80},[66,137966,130308],{"class":137},[66,137968,163],{"class":80},[20,137970,187],{},[57,137972,137974],{"className":59,"code":137973,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"I like dogs\n",[15,137975,137976],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,137977,137978],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,137979,137973],{"class":72},[20,137981,243,137982,137985],{},[15,137983,137984],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[52,137987,250,137989,253],{"id":137988},"what-replace-does",[15,137990,124609],{},[20,137992,137993,137995],{},[15,137994,124609],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137997,13332],{},[30,137999,138000,138002,138004,138007],{},[33,138001,133686],{},[33,138003,136404],{},[33,138005,138006],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,138008,138009,138010],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138011,41334],{},[20,138013,125190,138014,50],{},[652,138015,125193],{"href":51054},[52,138017,659],{"id":658},[57,138019,138021],{"className":59,"code":138020,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138022,138023,138043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138024,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033,138036,138038,138041],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138026,61256],{"class":72},[66,138028,50],{"class":80},[66,138030,35068],{"class":137},[66,138032,158],{"class":80},[66,138034,138035],{"class":137},"old",[66,138037,105],{"class":80},[66,138039,138040],{"class":137}," new",[66,138042,163],{"class":80},[66,138044,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138046,61256],{"class":72},[66,138048,50],{"class":80},[66,138050,35068],{"class":137},[66,138052,158],{"class":80},[66,138054,138035],{"class":137},[66,138056,105],{"class":80},[66,138058,138040],{"class":137},[66,138060,105],{"class":80},[66,138062,49680],{"class":137},[66,138064,163],{"class":80},[1430,138066,17658],{"id":17657},[30,138068,138069,138074,138080],{},[33,138070,138071,138073],{},[15,138072,138035],{}," = the text to find",[33,138075,138076,138079],{},[15,138077,138078],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,138081,138082,138084],{},[15,138083,41334],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[52,138086,459],{"id":458},[20,138088,138089],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[57,138091,138093],{"className":59,"code":138092,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138094,138095,138107,138137,138141,138151],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138096,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138098,34756],{"class":72},[66,138100,77],{"class":76},[66,138102,97],{"class":84},[66,138104,137924],{"class":88},[66,138106,376],{"class":84},[66,138108,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138110,130277],{"class":72},[66,138112,77],{"class":76},[66,138114,42917],{"class":72},[66,138116,50],{"class":80},[66,138118,35068],{"class":137},[66,138120,158],{"class":80},[66,138122,85],{"class":84},[66,138124,137945],{"class":88},[66,138126,85],{"class":84},[66,138128,105],{"class":80},[66,138130,97],{"class":84},[66,138132,137954],{"class":88},[66,138134,85],{"class":84},[66,138136,163],{"class":80},[66,138138,138139],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,138140,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,138142,138143,138145,138147,138149],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,138144,155],{"class":154},[66,138146,158],{"class":80},[66,138148,34777],{"class":137},[66,138150,163],{"class":80},[66,138152,138153,138155,138157,138159],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,138154,155],{"class":154},[66,138156,158],{"class":80},[66,138158,130308],{"class":137},[66,138160,163],{"class":80},[20,138162,187],{},[57,138164,138166],{"className":59,"code":138165,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138167,138168,138173],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138169,138170],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138171,138172],{"class":72},"I like cats\n",[66,138174,138175],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138176,137973],{"class":72},[20,138178,138179],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,138181,138182,138187],{},[33,138183,138184,138186],{},[15,138185,34777],{}," did not change",[33,138188,138189,138191],{},[15,138190,130308],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138193,138194,138195,138197,138198,138200],{},"This happens because strings are ",[185,138196,137073],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138199,124609],{}," return a new string instead.",[52,138202,138204],{"id":138203},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138206,89784,138207,138209],{},[15,138208,124609],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138211,138212,138213,36693],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138214,41334],{},[1430,138216,138218],{"id":138217},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[57,138220,138222],{"className":59,"code":138221,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138223,138224,138237,138271,138275],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138225,138226,138228,138230,138232,138235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138227,34756],{"class":72},[66,138229,77],{"class":76},[66,138231,97],{"class":84},[66,138233,138234],{"class":88},"cat cat cat",[66,138236,376],{"class":84},[66,138238,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138240,877],{"class":72},[66,138242,77],{"class":76},[66,138244,42917],{"class":72},[66,138246,50],{"class":80},[66,138248,35068],{"class":137},[66,138250,158],{"class":80},[66,138252,85],{"class":84},[66,138254,37119],{"class":88},[66,138256,85],{"class":84},[66,138258,105],{"class":80},[66,138260,97],{"class":84},[66,138262,58208],{"class":88},[66,138264,85],{"class":84},[66,138266,105],{"class":80},[66,138268,1896],{"class":117},[66,138270,163],{"class":80},[66,138272,138273],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,138274,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,138276,138277,138279,138281,138283],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,138278,155],{"class":154},[66,138280,158],{"class":80},[66,138282,901],{"class":137},[66,138284,163],{"class":80},[20,138286,187],{},[57,138288,138290],{"className":59,"code":138289,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138291,138292],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138293,138294],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138295,138289],{"class":72},[1430,138297,138299],{"id":138298},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[57,138301,138303],{"className":59,"code":138302,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138304,138305,138317,138351,138355],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138306,138307,138309,138311,138313,138315],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138308,34756],{"class":72},[66,138310,77],{"class":76},[66,138312,97],{"class":84},[66,138314,138234],{"class":88},[66,138316,376],{"class":84},[66,138318,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138320,877],{"class":72},[66,138322,77],{"class":76},[66,138324,42917],{"class":72},[66,138326,50],{"class":80},[66,138328,35068],{"class":137},[66,138330,158],{"class":80},[66,138332,85],{"class":84},[66,138334,37119],{"class":88},[66,138336,85],{"class":84},[66,138338,105],{"class":80},[66,138340,97],{"class":84},[66,138342,58208],{"class":88},[66,138344,85],{"class":84},[66,138346,105],{"class":80},[66,138348,1719],{"class":117},[66,138350,163],{"class":80},[66,138352,138353],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,138354,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,138356,138357,138359,138361,138363],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,138358,155],{"class":154},[66,138360,158],{"class":80},[66,138362,901],{"class":137},[66,138364,163],{"class":80},[20,138366,187],{},[57,138368,138370],{"className":59,"code":138369,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138371,138372],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138373,138374],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138375,138369],{"class":72},[20,138377,138378],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138380,138381,138382,50],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[652,138383,128162],{"href":124606},[52,138385,138387],{"id":138386},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138389,138390,138392],{},[15,138391,124609],{}," can also change single characters.",[1430,138394,138396],{"id":138395},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[57,138398,138400],{"className":59,"code":138399,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138401,138402,138414,138444,138448],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138403,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138405,34756],{"class":72},[66,138407,77],{"class":76},[66,138409,97],{"class":84},[66,138411,4381],{"class":88},[66,138413,376],{"class":84},[66,138415,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138417,877],{"class":72},[66,138419,77],{"class":76},[66,138421,42917],{"class":72},[66,138423,50],{"class":80},[66,138425,35068],{"class":137},[66,138427,158],{"class":80},[66,138429,85],{"class":84},[66,138431,652],{"class":88},[66,138433,85],{"class":84},[66,138435,105],{"class":80},[66,138437,97],{"class":84},[66,138439,60555],{"class":88},[66,138441,85],{"class":84},[66,138443,163],{"class":80},[66,138445,138446],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,138447,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,138449,138450,138452,138454,138456],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,138451,155],{"class":154},[66,138453,158],{"class":80},[66,138455,901],{"class":137},[66,138457,163],{"class":80},[20,138459,187],{},[57,138461,138463],{"className":59,"code":138462,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"bonono\n",[15,138464,138465],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138466,138467],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138468,138462],{"class":72},[1430,138470,138472],{"id":138471},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138474,138475],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[57,138477,138479],{"className":59,"code":138478,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138480,138481,138494,138518,138522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138482,138483,138485,138487,138489,138492],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138484,34756],{"class":72},[66,138486,77],{"class":76},[66,138488,97],{"class":84},[66,138490,138491],{"class":88},"a b c",[66,138493,376],{"class":84},[66,138495,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138497,877],{"class":72},[66,138499,77],{"class":76},[66,138501,42917],{"class":72},[66,138503,50],{"class":80},[66,138505,35068],{"class":137},[66,138507,158],{"class":80},[66,138509,85],{"class":84},[66,138511,97],{"class":84},[66,138513,105],{"class":80},[66,138515,6419],{"class":84},[66,138517,163],{"class":80},[66,138519,138520],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,138521,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,138523,138524,138526,138528,138530],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,138525,155],{"class":154},[66,138527,158],{"class":80},[66,138529,901],{"class":137},[66,138531,163],{"class":80},[20,138533,187],{},[57,138535,138537],{"className":59,"code":138536,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"abc\n",[15,138538,138539],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138540,138541],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138542,138536],{"class":72},[20,138544,138545],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138547,138548,138549,138553,138554,138558],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[652,138550,126438,138551,978],{"href":129125},[15,138552,60613],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[652,138555,126438,138556,978],{"href":137008},[15,138557,41728],{}," is often a better choice.",[52,138560,124085],{"id":124084},[20,138562,138563,123896],{},[15,138564,124609],{},[20,138566,127483,138567,4688,138569,127490],{},[15,138568,113122],{},[15,138570,138571],{},"\"Cat\"",[57,138573,138575],{"className":59,"code":138574,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138576,138577,138590,138620,138624],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138578,138579,138581,138583,138585,138588],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138580,34756],{"class":72},[66,138582,77],{"class":76},[66,138584,97],{"class":84},[66,138586,138587],{"class":88},"Cat cat CAT",[66,138589,376],{"class":84},[66,138591,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138593,877],{"class":72},[66,138595,77],{"class":76},[66,138597,42917],{"class":72},[66,138599,50],{"class":80},[66,138601,35068],{"class":137},[66,138603,158],{"class":80},[66,138605,85],{"class":84},[66,138607,37119],{"class":88},[66,138609,85],{"class":84},[66,138611,105],{"class":80},[66,138613,97],{"class":84},[66,138615,58208],{"class":88},[66,138617,85],{"class":84},[66,138619,163],{"class":80},[66,138621,138622],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,138623,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,138625,138626,138628,138630,138632],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,138627,155],{"class":154},[66,138629,158],{"class":80},[66,138631,901],{"class":137},[66,138633,163],{"class":80},[20,138635,187],{},[57,138637,138639],{"className":59,"code":138638,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138640,138641],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138642,138643,138646],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138644,138645],{"class":72},"Cat dog ",[66,138647,138648],{"class":34521},"CAT\n",[20,138650,138651,138652,138654],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138653,113122],{}," was replaced.",[20,138656,138657],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138659,138660,138661,50],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[652,138662,126438,138663,978],{"href":124165},[15,138664,124168],{},[52,138666,250,138668,2108],{"id":138667},"what-replace-returns",[15,138669,124609],{},[20,138671,138672,138674],{},[15,138673,124609],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138676,138677],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138679,138680,138683],{},[33,138681,138682],{},"no error happens",[33,138684,138685],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138687,281],{},[57,138689,138691],{"className":59,"code":138690,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138692,138693,138705,138735,138739],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138694,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138696,34756],{"class":72},[66,138698,77],{"class":76},[66,138700,97],{"class":84},[66,138702,4139],{"class":88},[66,138704,376],{"class":84},[66,138706,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138708,877],{"class":72},[66,138710,77],{"class":76},[66,138712,42917],{"class":72},[66,138714,50],{"class":80},[66,138716,35068],{"class":137},[66,138718,158],{"class":80},[66,138720,85],{"class":84},[66,138722,2471],{"class":88},[66,138724,85],{"class":84},[66,138726,105],{"class":80},[66,138728,97],{"class":84},[66,138730,12026],{"class":88},[66,138732,85],{"class":84},[66,138734,163],{"class":80},[66,138736,138737],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,138738,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,138740,138741,138743,138745,138747],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,138742,155],{"class":154},[66,138744,158],{"class":80},[66,138746,901],{"class":137},[66,138748,163],{"class":80},[20,138750,187],{},[57,138752,138754],{"className":59,"code":138753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"hello\n",[15,138755,138756],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138757,138758],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138759,138753],{"class":72},[20,138761,138762],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[57,138764,138766],{"className":59,"code":138765,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138767,138768,138780],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138769,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138771,34756],{"class":72},[66,138773,77],{"class":76},[66,138775,97],{"class":84},[66,138777,60488],{"class":88},[66,138779,376],{"class":84},[66,138781,138782,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138783,130277],{"class":72},[66,138785,77],{"class":76},[66,138787,42917],{"class":72},[66,138789,50],{"class":80},[66,138791,35068],{"class":137},[66,138793,158],{"class":80},[66,138795,85],{"class":84},[66,138797,60673],{"class":88},[66,138799,85],{"class":84},[66,138801,105],{"class":80},[66,138803,97],{"class":84},[66,138805,7590],{"class":88},[66,138807,85],{"class":84},[66,138809,163],{"class":80},[20,138811,138812],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[57,138814,138816],{"className":59,"code":138815,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138817,138818,138830],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138819,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138821,34756],{"class":72},[66,138823,77],{"class":76},[66,138825,97],{"class":84},[66,138827,60488],{"class":88},[66,138829,376],{"class":84},[66,138831,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138833,34756],{"class":72},[66,138835,77],{"class":76},[66,138837,42917],{"class":72},[66,138839,50],{"class":80},[66,138841,35068],{"class":137},[66,138843,158],{"class":80},[66,138845,85],{"class":84},[66,138847,60673],{"class":88},[66,138849,85],{"class":84},[66,138851,105],{"class":80},[66,138853,97],{"class":84},[66,138855,7590],{"class":88},[66,138857,85],{"class":84},[66,138859,163],{"class":80},[52,138861,4814],{"id":4813},[20,138863,138864,138865,94],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138866,124609],{},[30,138868,138869,138872,138876,138879],{},[33,138870,138871],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138873,1433,138874,131658],{},[15,138875,124609],{},[33,138877,138878],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138880,37276,138881,138883],{},[15,138882,124609],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1430,138885,138887,138888,138890],{"id":138886},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138889,124609],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138892,138893,138894,94],{},"This does not update ",[15,138895,34777],{},[57,138897,138899],{"className":59,"code":138898,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138900,138901,138913,138939],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138902,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138904,34756],{"class":72},[66,138906,77],{"class":76},[66,138908,97],{"class":84},[66,138910,137924],{"class":88},[66,138912,376],{"class":84},[66,138914,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138916,34777],{"class":72},[66,138918,50],{"class":80},[66,138920,35068],{"class":137},[66,138922,158],{"class":80},[66,138924,85],{"class":84},[66,138926,137945],{"class":88},[66,138928,85],{"class":84},[66,138930,105],{"class":80},[66,138932,97],{"class":84},[66,138934,137954],{"class":88},[66,138936,85],{"class":84},[66,138938,163],{"class":80},[66,138940,138941,138943,138945,138947],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,138942,155],{"class":154},[66,138944,158],{"class":80},[66,138946,34777],{"class":137},[66,138948,163],{"class":80},[20,138950,187],{},[57,138952,138953],{"className":59,"code":138172,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,138954,138955],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138956,138957],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138958,138172],{"class":72},[20,138960,11091],{},[57,138962,138964],{"className":59,"code":138963,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138965,138966,138978,139008],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,138967,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,138969,34756],{"class":72},[66,138971,77],{"class":76},[66,138973,97],{"class":84},[66,138975,137924],{"class":88},[66,138977,376],{"class":84},[66,138979,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,138981,34756],{"class":72},[66,138983,77],{"class":76},[66,138985,42917],{"class":72},[66,138987,50],{"class":80},[66,138989,35068],{"class":137},[66,138991,158],{"class":80},[66,138993,85],{"class":84},[66,138995,137945],{"class":88},[66,138997,85],{"class":84},[66,138999,105],{"class":80},[66,139001,97],{"class":84},[66,139003,137954],{"class":88},[66,139005,85],{"class":84},[66,139007,163],{"class":80},[66,139009,139010,139012,139014,139016],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,139011,155],{"class":154},[66,139013,158],{"class":80},[66,139015,34777],{"class":137},[66,139017,163],{"class":80},[20,139019,187],{},[57,139021,139022],{"className":59,"code":137973,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,139023,139024],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139025,139026],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139027,137973],{"class":72},[1430,139029,139031],{"id":139030},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[57,139033,139035],{"className":59,"code":139034,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139036,139037,139049],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139038,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139040,34756],{"class":72},[66,139042,77],{"class":76},[66,139044,97],{"class":84},[66,139046,34936],{"class":88},[66,139048,376],{"class":84},[66,139050,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139052,155],{"class":154},[66,139054,158],{"class":80},[66,139056,34777],{"class":137},[66,139058,50],{"class":80},[66,139060,35068],{"class":137},[66,139062,158],{"class":80},[66,139064,85],{"class":84},[66,139066,4139],{"class":88},[66,139068,85],{"class":84},[66,139070,105],{"class":80},[66,139072,97],{"class":84},[66,139074,90019],{"class":88},[66,139076,85],{"class":84},[66,139078,181],{"class":80},[20,139080,187],{},[57,139082,139083],{"className":59,"code":89032,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,139084,139085],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139086,139087],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139088,89032],{"class":72},[20,139090,139091,139092,4688,139094,139096],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139093,64617],{},[15,139095,90501],{}," are not the same.",[1430,139098,139100],{"id":139099},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[57,139102,139104],{"className":59,"code":139103,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139105,139106,139119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139107,139108,139110,139112,139114,139117],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139109,34756],{"class":72},[66,139111,77],{"class":76},[66,139113,97],{"class":84},[66,139115,139116],{"class":88},"red red red",[66,139118,376],{"class":84},[66,139120,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139122,155],{"class":154},[66,139124,158],{"class":80},[66,139126,34777],{"class":137},[66,139128,50],{"class":80},[66,139130,35068],{"class":137},[66,139132,158],{"class":80},[66,139134,85],{"class":84},[66,139136,13373],{"class":88},[66,139138,85],{"class":84},[66,139140,105],{"class":80},[66,139142,97],{"class":84},[66,139144,13390],{"class":88},[66,139146,85],{"class":84},[66,139148,181],{"class":80},[20,139150,187],{},[57,139152,139154],{"className":59,"code":139153,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139155,139156],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139157,139158],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139159,139153],{"class":72},[20,139161,139162,139163,94],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139164,41334],{},[57,139166,139168],{"className":59,"code":139167,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139169,139170,139182],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139171,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139173,34756],{"class":72},[66,139175,77],{"class":76},[66,139177,97],{"class":84},[66,139179,139116],{"class":88},[66,139181,376],{"class":84},[66,139183,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139185,155],{"class":154},[66,139187,158],{"class":80},[66,139189,34777],{"class":137},[66,139191,50],{"class":80},[66,139193,35068],{"class":137},[66,139195,158],{"class":80},[66,139197,85],{"class":84},[66,139199,13373],{"class":88},[66,139201,85],{"class":84},[66,139203,105],{"class":80},[66,139205,97],{"class":84},[66,139207,13390],{"class":88},[66,139209,85],{"class":84},[66,139211,105],{"class":80},[66,139213,1896],{"class":117},[66,139215,181],{"class":80},[20,139217,187],{},[57,139219,139221],{"className":59,"code":139220,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"blue red red\n",[15,139222,139223],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139224,139225],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139226,139220],{"class":72},[1430,139228,139230,139231,139233],{"id":139229},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139232,124609],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139235,139236],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,139238,139239,139246,139253],{},[33,139240,243,139241,139245],{},[652,139242,139243],{"href":129125},[15,139244,60613],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,139247,243,139248,139252],{},[652,139249,139250],{"href":137008},[15,139251,41728],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,139254,243,139255,139257],{},[15,139256,124609],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[52,139259,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,139261,12986,139263,124765],{"id":139262},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139264,124609],{},[20,139266,139267],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1430,139269,139271],{"id":139270},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139273,139274],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1430,139276,139278],{"id":139277},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139280,139281],{},"Use the third argument:",[57,139283,139285],{"className":59,"code":139284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139286,139287],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139288,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297,139299,139301,139303,139305,139307],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139290,34777],{"class":72},[66,139292,50],{"class":80},[66,139294,35068],{"class":137},[66,139296,158],{"class":80},[66,139298,138035],{"class":137},[66,139300,105],{"class":80},[66,139302,138040],{"class":137},[66,139304,105],{"class":80},[66,139306,1896],{"class":117},[66,139308,163],{"class":80},[1430,139310,5465,139312,139314],{"id":139311},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139313,124609],{}," remove text?",[20,139316,139317],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[57,139319,139321],{"className":59,"code":139320,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139322,139323],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139324,139325,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339,139341,139343],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139326,34777],{"class":72},[66,139328,50],{"class":80},[66,139330,35068],{"class":137},[66,139332,158],{"class":80},[66,139334,85],{"class":84},[66,139336,2471],{"class":88},[66,139338,85],{"class":84},[66,139340,105],{"class":80},[66,139342,6419],{"class":84},[66,139344,163],{"class":80},[1430,139346,2131,139348,124774],{"id":139347},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139349,124609],{},[20,139351,129967],{},[52,139353,2183],{"id":2182},[30,139355,139356,139360,139366,139372,139378],{},[33,139357,139358],{},[652,139359,124844],{"href":124606},[33,139361,139362],{},[652,139363,126438,139364,978],{"href":129125},[15,139365,60613],{},[33,139367,139368],{},[652,139369,126438,139370,978],{"href":137008},[15,139371,41728],{},[33,139373,139374],{},[652,139375,126438,139376,978],{"href":124165},[15,139377,124168],{},[33,139379,139380],{},[652,139381,125193],{"href":51054},[2222,139383,139384],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":139386},[139387,139388,139390,139393,139394,139398,139402,139403,139405,139413,139423],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":137988,"depth":124,"text":139389},"What replace() does",{"id":658,"depth":124,"text":659,"children":139391},[139392],{"id":17657,"depth":144,"text":17658},{"id":458,"depth":124,"text":459},{"id":138203,"depth":124,"text":138204,"children":139395},[139396,139397],{"id":138217,"depth":144,"text":138218},{"id":138298,"depth":144,"text":138299},{"id":138386,"depth":124,"text":138387,"children":139399},[139400,139401],{"id":138395,"depth":144,"text":138396},{"id":138471,"depth":144,"text":138472},{"id":124084,"depth":124,"text":124085},{"id":138667,"depth":124,"text":139404},"What replace() returns",{"id":4813,"depth":124,"text":4814,"children":139406},[139407,139409,139410,139411],{"id":138886,"depth":144,"text":139408},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139030,"depth":144,"text":139031},{"id":139099,"depth":144,"text":139100},{"id":139229,"depth":144,"text":139412},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":139414},[139415,139417,139418,139419,139421],{"id":139262,"depth":144,"text":139416},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139270,"depth":144,"text":139271},{"id":139277,"depth":144,"text":139278},{"id":139311,"depth":144,"text":139420},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139347,"depth":144,"text":139422},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137873,"description":139424},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139431,"title":139432,"body":139433,"description":141452,"extension":2260,"meta":141453,"navigation":147,"path":141454,"seo":141455,"stem":141456,"__hash__":141457},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139434,"toc":141416},[139435,139440,139445,139448,139459,139461,139516,139521,139526,139533,139535,139550,139552,139608,139610,139648,139653,139655,139679,139682,139695,139700,139702,139734,139736,139769,139775,139780,139783,139793,139796,139798,139854,139856,139906,139909,139917,139920,139976,139978,140051,140064,140072,140076,140087,140090,140093,140146,140148,140180,140183,140237,140239,140274,140277,140282,140287,140292,140295,140297,140355,140357,140391,140393,140408,140411,140413,140455,140457,140483,140488,140496,140499,140501,140583,140585,140636,140639,140650,140658,140660,140733,140735,140753,140757,140760,140764,140791,140793,140801,140805,140840,140842,140855,140859,140862,140901,140903,140920,140925,140930,140941,140944,140955,140957,140959,140985,140988,141037,141039,141056,141059,141061,141113,141115,141147,141150,141208,141213,141215,141220,141323,141325,141339,141341,141348,141353,141358,141363,141368,141373,141376,141380,141385,141387,141413],[10,139436,123438,139438,18],{"id":139437},"python-string-split-method",[15,139439,60613],{},[20,139441,123443,139442,139444],{},[15,139443,60613],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139446,139447],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,139449,139450,139453,139456],{},[33,139451,139452],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,139454,139455],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,139457,139458],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[52,139460,55],{"id":54},[57,139462,139464],{"className":59,"code":139463,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139465,139466,139479,139501,139511],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139467,139468,139470,139472,139474,139477],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139469,34756],{"class":72},[66,139471,77],{"class":76},[66,139473,97],{"class":84},[66,139475,139476],{"class":88},"apple,banana,cherry",[66,139478,376],{"class":84},[66,139480,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139482,42912],{"class":72},[66,139484,77],{"class":76},[66,139486,42917],{"class":72},[66,139488,50],{"class":80},[66,139490,34537],{"class":137},[66,139492,158],{"class":80},[66,139494,85],{"class":84},[66,139496,105],{"class":88},[66,139498,85],{"class":84},[66,139500,163],{"class":80},[66,139502,139503,139505,139507,139509],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,139504,155],{"class":154},[66,139506,158],{"class":80},[66,139508,42944],{"class":137},[66,139510,163],{"class":80},[66,139512,139513],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,139514,139515],{"class":1945},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139517,243,139518,139520],{},[15,139519,60613],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[52,139522,250,139524,253],{"id":139523},"what-split-does",[15,139525,60613],{},[20,139527,139528,132486,139530,50],{},[15,139529,60613],{},[185,139531,139532],{},"string method",[20,139534,49005],{},[30,139536,139537,139540,139545],{},[33,139538,139539],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,139541,119740,139542],{},[185,139543,139544],{},"new list of strings",[33,139546,119746,139547,139549],{},[185,139548,4926],{}," change the original string",[20,139551,281],{},[57,139553,139555],{"className":59,"code":139554,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139556,139557,139570,139584,139588,139598],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139558,139559,139561,139563,139565,139568],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139560,34756],{"class":72},[66,139562,77],{"class":76},[66,139564,97],{"class":84},[66,139566,139567],{"class":88},"red blue green",[66,139569,376],{"class":84},[66,139571,139572,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139573,42912],{"class":72},[66,139575,77],{"class":76},[66,139577,42917],{"class":72},[66,139579,50],{"class":80},[66,139581,34537],{"class":137},[66,139583,141],{"class":80},[66,139585,139586],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,139587,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,139589,139590,139592,139594,139596],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,139591,155],{"class":154},[66,139593,158],{"class":80},[66,139595,34777],{"class":137},[66,139597,163],{"class":80},[66,139599,139600,139602,139604,139606],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,139601,155],{"class":154},[66,139603,158],{"class":80},[66,139605,42944],{"class":137},[66,139607,163],{"class":80},[20,139609,187],{},[57,139611,139613],{"className":59,"code":139612,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139614,139615,139620],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139616,139617],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139618,139619],{"class":72},"red blue green\n",[66,139621,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139623,223],{"class":80},[66,139625,202],{"class":84},[66,139627,13373],{"class":88},[66,139629,202],{"class":84},[66,139631,105],{"class":80},[66,139633,211],{"class":84},[66,139635,13390],{"class":88},[66,139637,202],{"class":84},[66,139639,105],{"class":80},[66,139641,211],{"class":84},[66,139643,17716],{"class":88},[66,139645,202],{"class":84},[66,139647,240],{"class":80},[20,139649,139650,139651,50],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[652,139652,125193],{"href":51054},[52,139654,2455],{"id":2454},[57,139656,139658],{"className":59,"code":139657,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139659,139660],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139661,139662,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674,139677],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139663,61256],{"class":72},[66,139665,50],{"class":80},[66,139667,34537],{"class":137},[66,139669,158],{"class":80},[66,139671,133842],{"class":137},[66,139673,105],{"class":80},[66,139675,139676],{"class":137}," maxsplit",[66,139678,163],{"class":80},[20,139680,139681],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139683,139684,139689],{},[33,139685,139686,139688],{},[15,139687,133842],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139690,139691,139694],{},[15,139692,139693],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139696,9168,139697,139699],{},[15,139698,133842],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139701,281],{},[57,139703,139705],{"className":59,"code":139704,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139706,139707,139720],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139708,139709,139711,139713,139715,139718],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139710,34756],{"class":72},[66,139712,77],{"class":76},[66,139714,97],{"class":84},[66,139716,139717],{"class":88},"one two three",[66,139719,376],{"class":84},[66,139721,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139723,155],{"class":154},[66,139725,158],{"class":80},[66,139727,34777],{"class":137},[66,139729,50],{"class":80},[66,139731,34537],{"class":137},[66,139733,345],{"class":80},[20,139735,187],{},[57,139737,139739],{"className":59,"code":139738,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139740,139741],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139742,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139744,223],{"class":80},[66,139746,202],{"class":84},[66,139748,6878],{"class":88},[66,139750,202],{"class":84},[66,139752,105],{"class":80},[66,139754,211],{"class":84},[66,139756,79354],{"class":88},[66,139758,202],{"class":84},[66,139760,105],{"class":80},[66,139762,211],{"class":84},[66,139764,134324],{"class":88},[66,139766,202],{"class":84},[66,139768,240],{"class":80},[52,139770,1848,139772,139774],{"id":139771},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139773,60613],{}," with no separator",[20,139776,70257,139777,139779],{},[15,139778,60613],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139781,139782],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139784,139785,139787,139790],{},[33,139786,10738],{},[33,139788,139789],{},"tabs",[33,139791,139792],{},"new lines",[20,139794,139795],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139797,281],{},[57,139799,139801],{"className":59,"code":139800,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139802,139803,139826,139840,139844],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139804,139805,139807,139809,139811,139814,139817,139819,139821,139824],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139806,34756],{"class":72},[66,139808,77],{"class":76},[66,139810,97],{"class":84},[66,139812,139813],{"class":88},"Python   is",[66,139815,139816],{"class":34521},"\\t",[66,139818,133578],{"class":88},[66,139820,87236],{"class":34521},[66,139822,139823],{"class":88},"and useful",[66,139825,376],{"class":84},[66,139827,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139829,42912],{"class":72},[66,139831,77],{"class":76},[66,139833,42917],{"class":72},[66,139835,50],{"class":80},[66,139837,34537],{"class":137},[66,139839,141],{"class":80},[66,139841,139842],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,139843,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,139845,139846,139848,139850,139852],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,139847,155],{"class":154},[66,139849,158],{"class":80},[66,139851,42944],{"class":137},[66,139853,163],{"class":80},[20,139855,187],{},[57,139857,139859],{"className":59,"code":139858,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139860,139861],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139862,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139902,139904],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139864,223],{"class":80},[66,139866,202],{"class":84},[66,139868,7590],{"class":88},[66,139870,202],{"class":84},[66,139872,105],{"class":80},[66,139874,211],{"class":84},[66,139876,12475],{"class":88},[66,139878,202],{"class":84},[66,139880,105],{"class":80},[66,139882,211],{"class":84},[66,139884,133578],{"class":88},[66,139886,202],{"class":84},[66,139888,105],{"class":80},[66,139890,211],{"class":84},[66,139892,130203],{"class":88},[66,139894,202],{"class":84},[66,139896,105],{"class":80},[66,139898,211],{"class":84},[66,139900,139901],{"class":88},"useful",[66,139903,202],{"class":84},[66,139905,240],{"class":80},[20,139907,139908],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1430,139910,139912,10871,139914],{"id":139911},"split-vs-split",[15,139913,60613],{},[15,139915,139916],{},"split(' ')",[20,139918,139919],{},"These are not the same.",[57,139921,139923],{"className":59,"code":139922,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139924,139925,139938,139942,139956],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139926,139927,139929,139931,139933,139936],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139928,34756],{"class":72},[66,139930,77],{"class":76},[66,139932,97],{"class":84},[66,139934,139935],{"class":88},"a  b   c",[66,139937,376],{"class":84},[66,139939,139940],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,139941,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,139943,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,139945,155],{"class":154},[66,139947,158],{"class":80},[66,139949,34777],{"class":137},[66,139951,50],{"class":80},[66,139953,34537],{"class":137},[66,139955,345],{"class":80},[66,139957,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,139959,155],{"class":154},[66,139961,158],{"class":80},[66,139963,34777],{"class":137},[66,139965,50],{"class":80},[66,139967,34537],{"class":137},[66,139969,158],{"class":80},[66,139971,85],{"class":84},[66,139973,97],{"class":84},[66,139975,181],{"class":80},[20,139977,187],{},[57,139979,139981],{"className":59,"code":139980,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139982,139983,140011],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,139984,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,139986,223],{"class":80},[66,139988,202],{"class":84},[66,139990,652],{"class":88},[66,139992,202],{"class":84},[66,139994,105],{"class":80},[66,139996,211],{"class":84},[66,139998,1903],{"class":88},[66,140000,202],{"class":84},[66,140002,105],{"class":80},[66,140004,211],{"class":84},[66,140006,10027],{"class":88},[66,140008,202],{"class":84},[66,140010,240],{"class":80},[66,140012,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140014,223],{"class":80},[66,140016,202],{"class":84},[66,140018,652],{"class":88},[66,140020,202],{"class":84},[66,140022,105],{"class":80},[66,140024,4132],{"class":84},[66,140026,105],{"class":80},[66,140028,211],{"class":84},[66,140030,1903],{"class":88},[66,140032,202],{"class":84},[66,140034,105],{"class":80},[66,140036,4132],{"class":84},[66,140038,105],{"class":80},[66,140040,4132],{"class":84},[66,140042,105],{"class":80},[66,140044,211],{"class":84},[66,140046,10027],{"class":88},[66,140048,202],{"class":84},[66,140050,240],{"class":80},[30,140052,140053,140058],{},[33,140054,140055,140057],{},[15,140056,60613],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,140059,140060,140063],{},[15,140061,140062],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140065,140066,140067,140071],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[652,140068,126438,140069,978],{"href":137008},[15,140070,41728],{}," is often useful.",[52,140073,140075],{"id":140074},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140077,140078,140079,2487,140082,2491,140084,50],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140080,140081],{},"\",\"",[15,140083,133677],{},[15,140085,140086],{},"\"::\"",[20,140088,140089],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140091,140092],{},"Example with commas:",[57,140094,140096],{"className":59,"code":140095,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140097,140098,140110,140132,140136],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140099,140100,140102,140104,140106,140108],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140101,34756],{"class":72},[66,140103,77],{"class":76},[66,140105,97],{"class":84},[66,140107,139476],{"class":88},[66,140109,376],{"class":84},[66,140111,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140113,42912],{"class":72},[66,140115,77],{"class":76},[66,140117,42917],{"class":72},[66,140119,50],{"class":80},[66,140121,34537],{"class":137},[66,140123,158],{"class":80},[66,140125,85],{"class":84},[66,140127,105],{"class":88},[66,140129,85],{"class":84},[66,140131,163],{"class":80},[66,140133,140134],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,140135,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,140137,140138,140140,140142,140144],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,140139,155],{"class":154},[66,140141,158],{"class":80},[66,140143,42944],{"class":137},[66,140145,163],{"class":80},[20,140147,187],{},[57,140149,140150],{"className":59,"code":78533,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,140151,140152],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140153,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140155,223],{"class":80},[66,140157,202],{"class":84},[66,140159,4372],{"class":88},[66,140161,202],{"class":84},[66,140163,105],{"class":80},[66,140165,211],{"class":84},[66,140167,4381],{"class":88},[66,140169,202],{"class":84},[66,140171,105],{"class":80},[66,140173,211],{"class":84},[66,140175,4390],{"class":88},[66,140177,202],{"class":84},[66,140179,240],{"class":80},[20,140181,140182],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[57,140184,140186],{"className":59,"code":140185,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140187,140188,140201,140223,140227],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140189,140190,140192,140194,140196,140199],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140191,34756],{"class":72},[66,140193,77],{"class":76},[66,140195,97],{"class":84},[66,140197,140198],{"class":88},"2024::10::31",[66,140200,376],{"class":84},[66,140202,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140204,42912],{"class":72},[66,140206,77],{"class":76},[66,140208,42917],{"class":72},[66,140210,50],{"class":80},[66,140212,34537],{"class":137},[66,140214,158],{"class":80},[66,140216,85],{"class":84},[66,140218,76750],{"class":88},[66,140220,85],{"class":84},[66,140222,163],{"class":80},[66,140224,140225],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,140226,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,140228,140229,140231,140233,140235],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,140230,155],{"class":154},[66,140232,158],{"class":80},[66,140234,42944],{"class":137},[66,140236,163],{"class":80},[20,140238,187],{},[57,140240,140242],{"className":59,"code":140241,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140243,140244],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140245,140246,140248,140250,140253,140255,140257,140259,140261,140263,140265,140267,140270,140272],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140247,223],{"class":80},[66,140249,202],{"class":84},[66,140251,140252],{"class":88},"2024",[66,140254,202],{"class":84},[66,140256,105],{"class":80},[66,140258,211],{"class":84},[66,140260,2628],{"class":88},[66,140262,202],{"class":84},[66,140264,105],{"class":80},[66,140266,211],{"class":84},[66,140268,140269],{"class":88},"31",[66,140271,202],{"class":84},[66,140273,240],{"class":80},[20,140275,140276],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140278,140279,140280,50],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[652,140281,129122],{"href":129121},[52,140283,1848,140285],{"id":140284},"using-maxsplit",[15,140286,139693],{},[20,140288,140289,140291],{},[15,140290,139693],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140293,140294],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140296,281],{},[57,140298,140300],{"className":59,"code":140299,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140301,140302,140315,140341,140345],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140303,140304,140306,140308,140310,140313],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140305,34756],{"class":72},[66,140307,77],{"class":76},[66,140309,97],{"class":84},[66,140311,140312],{"class":88},"name:age:city:country",[66,140314,376],{"class":84},[66,140316,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140318,42912],{"class":72},[66,140320,77],{"class":76},[66,140322,42917],{"class":72},[66,140324,50],{"class":80},[66,140326,34537],{"class":137},[66,140328,158],{"class":80},[66,140330,85],{"class":84},[66,140332,94],{"class":88},[66,140334,85],{"class":84},[66,140336,105],{"class":80},[66,140338,1719],{"class":117},[66,140340,163],{"class":80},[66,140342,140343],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,140344,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,140346,140347,140349,140351,140353],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,140348,155],{"class":154},[66,140350,158],{"class":80},[66,140352,42944],{"class":137},[66,140354,163],{"class":80},[20,140356,187],{},[57,140358,140360],{"className":59,"code":140359,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140361,140362],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140363,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140387,140389],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140365,223],{"class":80},[66,140367,202],{"class":84},[66,140369,89],{"class":88},[66,140371,202],{"class":84},[66,140373,105],{"class":80},[66,140375,211],{"class":84},[66,140377,110],{"class":88},[66,140379,202],{"class":84},[66,140381,105],{"class":80},[66,140383,211],{"class":84},[66,140385,140386],{"class":88},"city:country",[66,140388,202],{"class":84},[66,140390,240],{"class":80},[20,140392,2476],{},[30,140394,140395,140400,140405],{},[33,140396,140397,140398],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140399,94],{},[33,140401,140402,140403],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140404,94],{},[33,140406,140407],{},"then stops",[20,140409,140410],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140412,52159],{},[57,140414,140416],{"className":59,"code":140415,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140417,140418,140431],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140419,140420,140422,140424,140426,140429],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140421,34756],{"class":72},[66,140423,77],{"class":76},[66,140425,97],{"class":84},[66,140427,140428],{"class":88},"apple banana cherry grape",[66,140430,376],{"class":84},[66,140432,140433,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140434,155],{"class":154},[66,140436,158],{"class":80},[66,140438,34777],{"class":137},[66,140440,50],{"class":80},[66,140442,34537],{"class":137},[66,140444,158],{"class":80},[66,140446,85],{"class":84},[66,140448,97],{"class":84},[66,140450,105],{"class":80},[66,140452,1896],{"class":117},[66,140454,181],{"class":80},[20,140456,187],{},[57,140458,140460],{"className":59,"code":140459,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140461,140462],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140463,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476,140479,140481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140465,223],{"class":80},[66,140467,202],{"class":84},[66,140469,4372],{"class":88},[66,140471,202],{"class":84},[66,140473,105],{"class":80},[66,140475,211],{"class":84},[66,140477,140478],{"class":88},"banana cherry grape",[66,140480,202],{"class":84},[66,140482,240],{"class":80},[52,140484,250,140486,2108],{"id":140485},"what-split-returns",[15,140487,60613],{},[20,140489,140490,140491,140493,140494,50],{},"The result of ",[15,140492,60613],{}," is always a ",[185,140495,174],{},[20,140497,140498],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140500,281],{},[57,140502,140504],{"className":59,"code":140503,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140505,140506,140519,140541,140545,140555,140569],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140507,140508,140510,140512,140514,140517],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140509,34756],{"class":72},[66,140511,77],{"class":76},[66,140513,97],{"class":84},[66,140515,140516],{"class":88},"cat,dog,bird",[66,140518,376],{"class":84},[66,140520,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140522,42912],{"class":72},[66,140524,77],{"class":76},[66,140526,42917],{"class":72},[66,140528,50],{"class":80},[66,140530,34537],{"class":137},[66,140532,158],{"class":80},[66,140534,85],{"class":84},[66,140536,105],{"class":88},[66,140538,85],{"class":84},[66,140540,163],{"class":80},[66,140542,140543],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,140544,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,140546,140547,140549,140551,140553],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,140548,155],{"class":154},[66,140550,158],{"class":80},[66,140552,42944],{"class":137},[66,140554,163],{"class":80},[66,140556,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,140558,155],{"class":154},[66,140560,158],{"class":80},[66,140562,912],{"class":173},[66,140564,158],{"class":80},[66,140566,42944],{"class":137},[66,140568,181],{"class":80},[66,140570,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,140572,155],{"class":154},[66,140574,158],{"class":80},[66,140576,42944],{"class":137},[66,140578,223],{"class":80},[66,140580,2021],{"class":117},[66,140582,218],{"class":80},[20,140584,187],{},[57,140586,140588],{"className":59,"code":140587,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140589,140590,140618,140632],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140591,140592,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140593,223],{"class":80},[66,140595,202],{"class":84},[66,140597,37119],{"class":88},[66,140599,202],{"class":84},[66,140601,105],{"class":80},[66,140603,211],{"class":84},[66,140605,58208],{"class":88},[66,140607,202],{"class":84},[66,140609,105],{"class":80},[66,140611,211],{"class":84},[66,140613,58225],{"class":88},[66,140615,202],{"class":84},[66,140617,240],{"class":80},[66,140619,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140621,954],{"class":76},[66,140623,958],{"class":957},[66,140625,211],{"class":84},[66,140627,174],{"class":88},[66,140629,202],{"class":84},[66,140631,967],{"class":76},[66,140633,140634],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,140635,85552],{"class":72},[20,140637,140638],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140640,140641,140644,140647],{},[33,140642,140643],{},"loop over it",[33,140645,140646],{},"access items by index",[33,140648,140649],{},"combine items again later",[20,140651,140652,140653,50],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[652,140654,126438,140656,978],{"href":140655},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140657,133520],{},[20,140659,281],{},[57,140661,140663],{"className":59,"code":140662,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140664,140665,140697,140719,140723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140666,140667,140669,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693,140695],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140668,42912],{"class":72},[66,140670,77],{"class":76},[66,140672,1711],{"class":80},[66,140674,202],{"class":84},[66,140676,37119],{"class":88},[66,140678,202],{"class":84},[66,140680,105],{"class":80},[66,140682,211],{"class":84},[66,140684,58208],{"class":88},[66,140686,202],{"class":84},[66,140688,105],{"class":80},[66,140690,211],{"class":84},[66,140692,58225],{"class":88},[66,140694,202],{"class":84},[66,140696,240],{"class":80},[66,140698,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713,140715,140717],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140700,34756],{"class":72},[66,140702,77],{"class":76},[66,140704,97],{"class":84},[66,140706,2319],{"class":88},[66,140708,85],{"class":84},[66,140710,50],{"class":80},[66,140712,133597],{"class":137},[66,140714,158],{"class":80},[66,140716,42944],{"class":137},[66,140718,163],{"class":80},[66,140720,140721],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,140722,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,140724,140725,140727,140729,140731],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,140726,155],{"class":154},[66,140728,158],{"class":80},[66,140730,34777],{"class":137},[66,140732,163],{"class":80},[20,140734,187],{},[57,140736,140738],{"className":59,"code":140737,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140739,140740],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140741,140742,140744,140746,140748,140750],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140743,37119],{"class":72},[66,140745,2319],{"class":76},[66,140747,58208],{"class":72},[66,140749,2319],{"class":76},[66,140751,140752],{"class":72},"bird\n",[52,140754,140756],{"id":140755},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140758,140759],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1430,140761,140763],{"id":140762},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[57,140765,140767],{"className":59,"code":140766,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140768,140769,140777],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140770,140771,140773,140775],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140772,34756],{"class":72},[66,140774,77],{"class":76},[66,140776,8175],{"class":84},[66,140778,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140780,155],{"class":154},[66,140782,158],{"class":80},[66,140784,34777],{"class":137},[66,140786,50],{"class":80},[66,140788,34537],{"class":137},[66,140790,345],{"class":80},[20,140792,187],{},[57,140794,140795],{"className":59,"code":38370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,140796,140797],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140798,140799],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140800,38370],{"class":80},[1430,140802,140804],{"id":140803},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[57,140806,140808],{"className":59,"code":140807,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140809,140810,140818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140811,140812,140814,140816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140813,34756],{"class":72},[66,140815,77],{"class":76},[66,140817,8175],{"class":84},[66,140819,140820,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140821,155],{"class":154},[66,140823,158],{"class":80},[66,140825,34777],{"class":137},[66,140827,50],{"class":80},[66,140829,34537],{"class":137},[66,140831,158],{"class":80},[66,140833,85],{"class":84},[66,140835,105],{"class":88},[66,140837,85],{"class":84},[66,140839,181],{"class":80},[20,140841,187],{},[57,140843,140845],{"className":59,"code":140844,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['']\n",[15,140846,140847],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140848,140849,140851,140853],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140850,223],{"class":80},[66,140852,4066],{"class":84},[66,140854,240],{"class":80},[1430,140856,140858],{"id":140857},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140860,140861],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[57,140863,140865],{"className":59,"code":140864,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140866,140867,140879],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140868,140869,140871,140873,140875,140877],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140870,34756],{"class":72},[66,140872,77],{"class":76},[66,140874,97],{"class":84},[66,140876,4139],{"class":88},[66,140878,376],{"class":84},[66,140880,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895,140897,140899],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,140882,155],{"class":154},[66,140884,158],{"class":80},[66,140886,34777],{"class":137},[66,140888,50],{"class":80},[66,140890,34537],{"class":137},[66,140892,158],{"class":80},[66,140894,85],{"class":84},[66,140896,105],{"class":88},[66,140898,85],{"class":84},[66,140900,181],{"class":80},[20,140902,187],{},[57,140904,140906],{"className":59,"code":140905,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"['hello']\n",[15,140907,140908],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140909,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140911,223],{"class":80},[66,140913,202],{"class":84},[66,140915,4139],{"class":88},[66,140917,202],{"class":84},[66,140919,240],{"class":80},[52,140921,1154,140923],{"id":140922},"when-to-use-split",[15,140924,60613],{},[20,140926,243,140927,140929],{},[15,140928,60613],{}," when you need to:",[30,140931,140932,140935,140938],{},[33,140933,140934],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140936,140937],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140939,140940],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140942,140943],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140945,140946,140949,140952],{},[33,140947,140948],{},"cleaning text",[33,140950,140951],{},"parsing user input",[33,140953,140954],{},"processing simple file content",[52,140956,1838],{"id":1837},[20,140958,84323],{},[30,140960,140961,140965,140971,140974,140982],{},[33,140962,50584,140963,131658],{},[15,140964,60613],{},[33,140966,140967,140968,140970],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140969,60613],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140972,140973],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140975,140976,140977,140979,140980],{},"assuming ",[15,140978,139916],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140981,60613],{},[33,140983,140984],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140986,140987],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[57,140989,140991],{"className":59,"code":140990,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140992,140993,141005,141023,141027],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,140994,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,140996,34756],{"class":72},[66,140998,77],{"class":76},[66,141000,97],{"class":84},[66,141002,42905],{"class":88},[66,141004,376],{"class":84},[66,141006,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141008,34777],{"class":72},[66,141010,50],{"class":80},[66,141012,34537],{"class":137},[66,141014,158],{"class":80},[66,141016,85],{"class":84},[66,141018,105],{"class":88},[66,141020,85],{"class":84},[66,141022,163],{"class":80},[66,141024,141025],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,141026,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,141028,141029,141031,141033,141035],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,141030,155],{"class":154},[66,141032,158],{"class":80},[66,141034,34777],{"class":137},[66,141036,163],{"class":80},[20,141038,187],{},[57,141040,141042],{"className":59,"code":141041,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a,b,c\n",[15,141043,141044],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141045,141046,141048,141050,141052,141054],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141047,652],{"class":72},[66,141049,105],{"class":80},[66,141051,1903],{"class":72},[66,141053,105],{"class":80},[66,141055,69329],{"class":72},[20,141057,141058],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141060,11091],{},[57,141062,141063],{"className":59,"code":42892,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,141064,141065,141077,141099,141103],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141066,141067,141069,141071,141073,141075],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141068,34756],{"class":72},[66,141070,77],{"class":76},[66,141072,97],{"class":84},[66,141074,42905],{"class":88},[66,141076,376],{"class":84},[66,141078,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141080,42912],{"class":72},[66,141082,77],{"class":76},[66,141084,42917],{"class":72},[66,141086,50],{"class":80},[66,141088,34537],{"class":137},[66,141090,158],{"class":80},[66,141092,85],{"class":84},[66,141094,105],{"class":88},[66,141096,85],{"class":84},[66,141098,163],{"class":80},[66,141100,141101],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,141102,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,141104,141105,141107,141109,141111],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,141106,155],{"class":154},[66,141108,158],{"class":80},[66,141110,42944],{"class":137},[66,141112,163],{"class":80},[20,141114,187],{},[57,141116,141117],{"className":59,"code":42951,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,141118,141119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141120,141121,141123,141125,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141122,223],{"class":80},[66,141124,202],{"class":84},[66,141126,652],{"class":88},[66,141128,202],{"class":84},[66,141130,105],{"class":80},[66,141132,211],{"class":84},[66,141134,1903],{"class":88},[66,141136,202],{"class":84},[66,141138,105],{"class":80},[66,141140,211],{"class":84},[66,141142,10027],{"class":88},[66,141144,202],{"class":84},[66,141146,240],{"class":80},[20,141148,141149],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[57,141151,141153],{"className":59,"code":141152,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141154,141155,141168,141190,141194],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141156,141157,141159,141161,141163,141166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141158,34756],{"class":72},[66,141160,77],{"class":76},[66,141162,97],{"class":84},[66,141164,141165],{"class":88},"apple,banana",[66,141167,376],{"class":84},[66,141169,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141171,42912],{"class":72},[66,141173,77],{"class":76},[66,141175,42917],{"class":72},[66,141177,50],{"class":80},[66,141179,34537],{"class":137},[66,141181,158],{"class":80},[66,141183,85],{"class":84},[66,141185,105],{"class":88},[66,141187,85],{"class":84},[66,141189,163],{"class":80},[66,141191,141192],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,141193,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,141195,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,141197,155],{"class":154},[66,141199,158],{"class":80},[66,141201,42944],{"class":137},[66,141203,223],{"class":80},[66,141205,2354],{"class":117},[66,141207,218],{"class":80},[20,141209,141210,141211,50],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[652,141212,69342],{"href":69341},[1430,141214,60792],{"id":60791},[20,141216,9168,141217,141219],{},[15,141218,60613],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[57,141221,141223],{"className":59,"code":141222,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141224,141225,141235,141249,141271,141297],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141226,141227,141229,141231,141233],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141228,155],{"class":154},[66,141230,158],{"class":80},[66,141232,34777],{"class":137},[66,141234,163],{"class":80},[66,141236,141237,141239,141241,141243,141245,141247],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141238,155],{"class":154},[66,141240,158],{"class":80},[66,141242,34777],{"class":137},[66,141244,50],{"class":80},[66,141246,34537],{"class":137},[66,141248,345],{"class":80},[66,141250,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,141252,155],{"class":154},[66,141254,158],{"class":80},[66,141256,34777],{"class":137},[66,141258,50],{"class":80},[66,141260,34537],{"class":137},[66,141262,158],{"class":80},[66,141264,202],{"class":84},[66,141266,105],{"class":88},[66,141268,202],{"class":84},[66,141270,181],{"class":80},[66,141272,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,141274,155],{"class":154},[66,141276,158],{"class":80},[66,141278,11445],{"class":154},[66,141280,158],{"class":80},[66,141282,34777],{"class":137},[66,141284,50],{"class":80},[66,141286,34537],{"class":137},[66,141288,158],{"class":80},[66,141290,202],{"class":84},[66,141292,105],{"class":88},[66,141294,202],{"class":84},[66,141296,3210],{"class":80},[66,141298,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,141300,155],{"class":154},[66,141302,158],{"class":80},[66,141304,912],{"class":173},[66,141306,158],{"class":80},[66,141308,34777],{"class":137},[66,141310,50],{"class":80},[66,141312,34537],{"class":137},[66,141314,158],{"class":80},[66,141316,202],{"class":84},[66,141318,105],{"class":88},[66,141320,202],{"class":84},[66,141322,3210],{"class":80},[20,141324,11454],{},[30,141326,141327,141330,141333,141336],{},[33,141328,141329],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,141331,141332],{},"which separator works",[33,141334,141335],{},"how many items were created",[33,141337,141338],{},"that the result is a list",[52,141340,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,141342,5475,141344,4688,141346,2151],{"id":141343},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141345,60613],{},[15,141347,139916],{},[20,141349,141350,141352],{},[15,141351,60613],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141354,141355,141357],{},[15,141356,139916],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1430,141359,12986,141361,124765],{"id":141360},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141362,60613],{},[20,141364,141365,141366,56559],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141367,60613],{},[1430,141369,5438,141371,40034],{"id":141370},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141372,139693],{},[20,141374,141375],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1430,141377,141379],{"id":141378},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141381,29126,141382,141384],{},[15,141383,60613],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[52,141386,2183],{"id":2182},[30,141388,141389,141393,141399,141405,141409],{},[33,141390,141391],{},[652,141392,130043],{"href":129121},[33,141394,141395],{},[652,141396,126438,141397,978],{"href":140655},[15,141398,133520],{},[33,141400,141401],{},[652,141402,126438,141403,978],{"href":137008},[15,141404,41728],{},[33,141406,141407],{},[652,141408,125193],{"href":51054},[33,141410,141411],{},[652,141412,69342],{"href":69341},[2222,141414,141415],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":141417},[141418,141419,141421,141422,141427,141428,141430,141432,141437,141439,141442,141451],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":139523,"depth":124,"text":141420},"What split() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":139771,"depth":124,"text":141423,"children":141424},"Using split() with no separator",[141425],{"id":139911,"depth":144,"text":141426},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140074,"depth":124,"text":140075},{"id":140284,"depth":124,"text":141429},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140485,"depth":124,"text":141431},"What split() returns",{"id":140755,"depth":124,"text":140756,"children":141433},[141434,141435,141436],{"id":140762,"depth":144,"text":140763},{"id":140803,"depth":144,"text":140804},{"id":140857,"depth":144,"text":140858},{"id":140922,"depth":124,"text":141438},"When to use split()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":141440},[141441],{"id":60791,"depth":144,"text":60792},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":141443},[141444,141446,141448,141450],{"id":141343,"depth":144,"text":141445},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141360,"depth":144,"text":141447},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141370,"depth":144,"text":141449},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141378,"depth":144,"text":141379},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139432,"description":141452},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141459,"title":141460,"body":141461,"description":143404,"extension":2260,"meta":143405,"navigation":147,"path":143406,"seo":143407,"stem":143408,"__hash__":143409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141462,"toc":143363},[141463,141468,141473,141480,141553,141558,141563,141568,141584,141586,141656,141658,141660,141680,141682,141727,141732,141734,141832,141837,141841,141846,141850,141853,141895,141899,141902,141947,141951,141954,142004,142008,142013,142065,142067,142072,142083,142088,142168,142170,142182,142191,142198,142213,142215,142330,142336,142340,142343,142348,142490,142493,142500,142502,142506,142514,142583,142589,142638,142643,142648,142650,142670,142672,142738,142740,142744,142747,142751,142792,142794,142827,142832,142835,142862,142864,142907,142914,142919,142929,142995,142999,143007,143012,143063,143067,143070,143072,143081,143083,143133,143135,143242,143244,143249,143256,143262,143265,143296,143301,143303,143310,143318,143327,143330,143332,143360],[10,141464,123438,141466,18],{"id":141465},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141467,127806],{},[20,141469,123443,141470,141472],{},[15,141471,127806],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141474,126504,141475,3176,141477,141479],{},[15,141476,1386],{},[15,141478,3967],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[57,141481,141483],{"className":59,"code":141482,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141484,141485,141498,141502,141527],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141486,141487,141489,141491,141493,141496],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141488,34756],{"class":72},[66,141490,77],{"class":76},[66,141492,97],{"class":84},[66,141494,141495],{"class":88},"Python Beginner Help",[66,141497,376],{"class":84},[66,141499,141500],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141501,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,141503,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512,141515,141517,141519,141521,141523,141525],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,141505,155],{"class":154},[66,141507,158],{"class":80},[66,141509,34777],{"class":137},[66,141511,50],{"class":80},[66,141513,141514],{"class":137},"startswith",[66,141516,158],{"class":80},[66,141518,85],{"class":84},[66,141520,7590],{"class":88},[66,141522,85],{"class":84},[66,141524,5658],{"class":80},[66,141526,43931],{"class":1945},[66,141528,141529,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141546,141548,141550],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,141530,155],{"class":154},[66,141532,158],{"class":80},[66,141534,34777],{"class":137},[66,141536,50],{"class":80},[66,141538,141514],{"class":137},[66,141540,158],{"class":80},[66,141542,85],{"class":84},[66,141544,141545],{"class":88},"Beginner",[66,141547,85],{"class":84},[66,141549,5658],{"class":80},[66,141551,141552],{"class":1945}," # False\n",[20,141554,243,141555,141557],{},[15,141556,127806],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[52,141559,250,141561,253],{"id":141560},"what-startswith-does",[15,141562,127806],{},[20,141564,141565,141567],{},[15,141566,127806],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,141569,141570,141573,141579,141581],{},[33,141571,141572],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,141574,5443,141575,3176,141577],{},[15,141576,1386],{},[15,141578,3967],{},[33,141580,123581],{},[33,141582,141583],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141585,281],{},[57,141587,141589],{"className":59,"code":141588,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141590,141591,141603,141607,141632],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141592,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141594,8170],{"class":72},[66,141596,77],{"class":76},[66,141598,97],{"class":84},[66,141600,7590],{"class":88},[66,141602,376],{"class":84},[66,141604,141605],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141606,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,141608,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141626,141628,141630],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,141610,155],{"class":154},[66,141612,158],{"class":80},[66,141614,89],{"class":137},[66,141616,50],{"class":80},[66,141618,141514],{"class":137},[66,141620,158],{"class":80},[66,141622,85],{"class":84},[66,141624,141625],{"class":88},"Py",[66,141627,85],{"class":84},[66,141629,5658],{"class":80},[66,141631,43931],{"class":1945},[66,141633,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,141635,155],{"class":154},[66,141637,158],{"class":80},[66,141639,89],{"class":137},[66,141641,50],{"class":80},[66,141643,141514],{"class":137},[66,141645,158],{"class":80},[66,141647,85],{"class":84},[66,141649,128884],{"class":88},[66,141651,85],{"class":84},[66,141653,5658],{"class":80},[66,141655,43948],{"class":1945},[52,141657,2455],{"id":2454},[20,141659,42460],{},[57,141661,141663],{"className":59,"code":141662,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141664,141665],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141666,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141678],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141668,61256],{"class":72},[66,141670,50],{"class":80},[66,141672,141514],{"class":137},[66,141674,158],{"class":80},[66,141676,141677],{"class":137},"prefix",[66,141679,163],{"class":80},[20,141681,30830],{},[57,141683,141685],{"className":59,"code":141684,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141686,141687,141705],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141688,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141690,61256],{"class":72},[66,141692,50],{"class":80},[66,141694,141514],{"class":137},[66,141696,158],{"class":80},[66,141698,141677],{"class":137},[66,141700,105],{"class":80},[66,141702,36122],{"class":137},[66,141704,163],{"class":80},[66,141706,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141708,61256],{"class":72},[66,141710,50],{"class":80},[66,141712,141514],{"class":137},[66,141714,158],{"class":80},[66,141716,141677],{"class":137},[66,141718,105],{"class":80},[66,141720,36122],{"class":137},[66,141722,105],{"class":80},[66,141724,65123],{"class":137},[66,141726,163],{"class":80},[20,141728,21030,141729,141731],{},[15,141730,141677],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141733,281],{},[57,141735,141737],{"className":59,"code":141736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141738,141739,141751,141755,141780,141804],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141740,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141742,34756],{"class":72},[66,141744,77],{"class":76},[66,141746,97],{"class":84},[66,141748,60488],{"class":88},[66,141750,376],{"class":84},[66,141752,141753],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141754,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,141756,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,141758,155],{"class":154},[66,141760,158],{"class":80},[66,141762,34777],{"class":137},[66,141764,50],{"class":80},[66,141766,141514],{"class":137},[66,141768,158],{"class":80},[66,141770,85],{"class":84},[66,141772,4139],{"class":88},[66,141774,85],{"class":84},[66,141776,5658],{"class":80},[66,141778,141779],{"class":1945},"      # True\n",[66,141781,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,141783,155],{"class":154},[66,141785,158],{"class":80},[66,141787,34777],{"class":137},[66,141789,50],{"class":80},[66,141791,141514],{"class":137},[66,141793,158],{"class":80},[66,141795,85],{"class":84},[66,141797,60673],{"class":88},[66,141799,85],{"class":84},[66,141801,5658],{"class":80},[66,141803,21459],{"class":1945},[66,141805,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,141807,155],{"class":154},[66,141809,158],{"class":80},[66,141811,34777],{"class":137},[66,141813,50],{"class":80},[66,141815,141514],{"class":137},[66,141817,158],{"class":80},[66,141819,85],{"class":84},[66,141821,60673],{"class":88},[66,141823,85],{"class":84},[66,141825,105],{"class":80},[66,141827,37716],{"class":117},[66,141829,5658],{"class":80},[66,141831,43931],{"class":1945},[20,141833,141834,141835,50],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[652,141836,125193],{"href":51054},[52,141838,141840],{"id":141839},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141842,141843,141845],{},[15,141844,127806],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1430,141847,141848],{"id":141677},[15,141849,141677],{},[20,141851,141852],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[57,141854,141856],{"className":59,"code":141855,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141857,141858,141870],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141859,141860,141862,141864,141866,141868],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141861,34756],{"class":72},[66,141863,77],{"class":76},[66,141865,97],{"class":84},[66,141867,4381],{"class":88},[66,141869,376],{"class":84},[66,141871,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886,141889,141891,141893],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141873,155],{"class":154},[66,141875,158],{"class":80},[66,141877,34777],{"class":137},[66,141879,50],{"class":80},[66,141881,141514],{"class":137},[66,141883,158],{"class":80},[66,141885,85],{"class":84},[66,141887,141888],{"class":88},"ban",[66,141890,85],{"class":84},[66,141892,5658],{"class":80},[66,141894,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,141896,141897],{"id":36143},[15,141898,36143],{},[20,141900,141901],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[57,141903,141905],{"className":59,"code":141904,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141906,141907,141919],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141908,141909,141911,141913,141915,141917],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141910,34756],{"class":72},[66,141912,77],{"class":76},[66,141914,97],{"class":84},[66,141916,60488],{"class":88},[66,141918,376],{"class":84},[66,141920,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141922,155],{"class":154},[66,141924,158],{"class":80},[66,141926,34777],{"class":137},[66,141928,50],{"class":80},[66,141930,141514],{"class":137},[66,141932,158],{"class":80},[66,141934,85],{"class":84},[66,141936,60673],{"class":88},[66,141938,85],{"class":84},[66,141940,105],{"class":80},[66,141942,37716],{"class":117},[66,141944,5658],{"class":80},[66,141946,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,141948,141949],{"id":52740},[15,141950,52740],{},[20,141952,141953],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[57,141955,141957],{"className":59,"code":141956,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141958,141959,141971],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,141960,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,141962,34756],{"class":72},[66,141964,77],{"class":76},[66,141966,97],{"class":84},[66,141968,60488],{"class":88},[66,141970,376],{"class":84},[66,141972,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141990,141992,141994,141996,141998,142000,142002],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,141974,155],{"class":154},[66,141976,158],{"class":80},[66,141978,34777],{"class":137},[66,141980,50],{"class":80},[66,141982,141514],{"class":137},[66,141984,158],{"class":80},[66,141986,85],{"class":84},[66,141988,141989],{"class":88},"wor",[66,141991,85],{"class":84},[66,141993,105],{"class":80},[66,141995,37716],{"class":117},[66,141997,105],{"class":80},[66,141999,54216],{"class":117},[66,142001,5658],{"class":80},[66,142003,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,142005,142007],{"id":142006},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142009,142010,142012],{},[15,142011,141677],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[57,142014,142016],{"className":59,"code":142015,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142017,142018,142031],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142019,142020,142022,142024,142026,142029],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142021,126521],{"class":72},[66,142023,77],{"class":76},[66,142025,97],{"class":84},[66,142027,142028],{"class":88},"img_001.png",[66,142030,376],{"class":84},[66,142032,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045,142047,142050,142052,142054,142056,142059,142061,142063],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142034,155],{"class":154},[66,142036,158],{"class":80},[66,142038,126539],{"class":137},[66,142040,50],{"class":80},[66,142042,141514],{"class":137},[66,142044,5805],{"class":80},[66,142046,85],{"class":84},[66,142048,142049],{"class":88},"img_",[66,142051,85],{"class":84},[66,142053,105],{"class":80},[66,142055,97],{"class":84},[66,142057,142058],{"class":88},"photo_",[66,142060,85],{"class":84},[66,142062,51170],{"class":80},[66,142064,3957],{"class":1945},[52,142066,793],{"id":792},[20,142068,142069,142071],{},[15,142070,127806],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,142073,142074,142079],{},[33,142075,142076,142078],{},[15,142077,1386],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,142080,142081,127123],{},[15,142082,3967],{},[20,142084,142085,142086,7466],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142087,7291],{},[57,142089,142091],{"className":59,"code":142090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142092,142093,142107,142111,142132,142147,142153],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142094,142095,142098,142100,142102,142105],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142096,142097],{"class":72},"command ",[66,142099,77],{"class":76},[66,142101,97],{"class":84},[66,142103,142104],{"class":88},"\u002Fhelp",[66,142106,376],{"class":84},[66,142108,142109],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142110,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142112,142113,142115,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,142114,7291],{"class":1060},[66,142116,142117],{"class":72}," command",[66,142119,50],{"class":80},[66,142121,141514],{"class":137},[66,142123,158],{"class":80},[66,142125,85],{"class":84},[66,142127,127330],{"class":88},[66,142129,85],{"class":84},[66,142131,8635],{"class":80},[66,142133,142134,142136,142138,142140,142143,142145],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,142135,1081],{"class":154},[66,142137,158],{"class":80},[66,142139,85],{"class":84},[66,142141,142142],{"class":88},"This looks like a command.",[66,142144,85],{"class":84},[66,142146,163],{"class":80},[66,142148,142149,142151],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,142150,27498],{"class":1060},[66,142152,1133],{"class":80},[66,142154,142155,142157,142159,142161,142164,142166],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,142156,1081],{"class":154},[66,142158,158],{"class":80},[66,142160,85],{"class":84},[66,142162,142163],{"class":88},"This is normal text.",[66,142165,85],{"class":84},[66,142167,163],{"class":80},[20,142169,187],{},[57,142171,142173],{"className":59,"code":142172,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142174,142175],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142176,142177,142180],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142178,142179],{"class":72},"This looks like a command",[66,142181,122470],{"class":80},[52,142183,1848,142185,8997,142187,4688,142189],{"id":142184},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142186,127806],{},[15,142188,36143],{},[15,142190,52740],{},[20,142192,2277,142193,4688,142195,142197],{},[15,142194,36143],{},[15,142196,52740],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,142199,142200,142205,142210],{},[33,142201,142202,142204],{},[15,142203,36143],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,142206,142207,142209],{},[15,142208,52740],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,142211,142212],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142214,281],{},[57,142216,142218],{"className":59,"code":142217,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142219,142220,142232,142236,142265,142298],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142221,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142223,34756],{"class":72},[66,142225,77],{"class":76},[66,142227,97],{"class":84},[66,142229,139717],{"class":88},[66,142231,376],{"class":84},[66,142233,142234],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142235,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142237,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,142239,155],{"class":154},[66,142241,158],{"class":80},[66,142243,34777],{"class":137},[66,142245,50],{"class":80},[66,142247,141514],{"class":137},[66,142249,158],{"class":80},[66,142251,85],{"class":84},[66,142253,79354],{"class":88},[66,142255,85],{"class":84},[66,142257,105],{"class":80},[66,142259,2755],{"class":117},[66,142261,5658],{"class":80},[66,142263,142264],{"class":1945},"        # True\n",[66,142266,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291,142294,142296],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,142268,155],{"class":154},[66,142270,158],{"class":80},[66,142272,34777],{"class":137},[66,142274,50],{"class":80},[66,142276,141514],{"class":137},[66,142278,158],{"class":80},[66,142280,85],{"class":84},[66,142282,134324],{"class":88},[66,142284,85],{"class":84},[66,142286,105],{"class":80},[66,142288,6652],{"class":117},[66,142290,105],{"class":80},[66,142292,142293],{"class":117}," 13",[66,142295,5658],{"class":80},[66,142297,3957],{"class":1945},[66,142299,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,142301,155],{"class":154},[66,142303,158],{"class":80},[66,142305,34777],{"class":137},[66,142307,50],{"class":80},[66,142309,141514],{"class":137},[66,142311,158],{"class":80},[66,142313,85],{"class":84},[66,142315,134324],{"class":88},[66,142317,85],{"class":84},[66,142319,105],{"class":80},[66,142321,6652],{"class":117},[66,142323,105],{"class":80},[66,142325,31009],{"class":117},[66,142327,5658],{"class":80},[66,142329,5067],{"class":1945},[20,142331,142332,142333,142335],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142334,52740],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[52,142337,142339],{"id":142338},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142341,142342],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142344,142345,142346,49426],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142347,40911],{},[57,142349,142351],{"className":59,"code":142350,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142352,142353,142367,142381,142395,142399,142423,142427,142448,142469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142354,142355,142358,142360,142362,142365],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142356,142357],{"class":72},"filename1 ",[66,142359,77],{"class":76},[66,142361,97],{"class":84},[66,142363,142364],{"class":88},"img_101.jpg",[66,142366,376],{"class":84},[66,142368,142369,142372,142374,142376,142379],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142370,142371],{"class":72},"filename2 ",[66,142373,77],{"class":76},[66,142375,97],{"class":84},[66,142377,142378],{"class":88},"photo_202.jpg",[66,142380,376],{"class":84},[66,142382,142383,142386,142388,142390,142393],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,142384,142385],{"class":72},"filename3 ",[66,142387,77],{"class":76},[66,142389,97],{"class":84},[66,142391,142392],{"class":88},"doc_303.jpg",[66,142394,376],{"class":84},[66,142396,142397],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,142398,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142400,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,142402,127733],{"class":72},[66,142404,77],{"class":76},[66,142406,9527],{"class":80},[66,142408,85],{"class":84},[66,142410,142049],{"class":88},[66,142412,85],{"class":84},[66,142414,105],{"class":80},[66,142416,97],{"class":84},[66,142418,142058],{"class":88},[66,142420,85],{"class":84},[66,142422,163],{"class":80},[66,142424,142425],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,142426,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142428,142429,142431,142433,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,142430,155],{"class":154},[66,142432,158],{"class":80},[66,142434,142435],{"class":137},"filename1",[66,142437,50],{"class":80},[66,142439,141514],{"class":137},[66,142441,158],{"class":80},[66,142443,127785],{"class":137},[66,142445,5658],{"class":80},[66,142447,3957],{"class":1945},[66,142449,142450,142452,142454,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,142451,155],{"class":154},[66,142453,158],{"class":80},[66,142455,142456],{"class":137},"filename2",[66,142458,50],{"class":80},[66,142460,141514],{"class":137},[66,142462,158],{"class":80},[66,142464,127785],{"class":137},[66,142466,5658],{"class":80},[66,142468,3957],{"class":1945},[66,142470,142471,142473,142475,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,142472,155],{"class":154},[66,142474,158],{"class":80},[66,142476,142477],{"class":137},"filename3",[66,142479,50],{"class":80},[66,142481,141514],{"class":137},[66,142483,158],{"class":80},[66,142485,127785],{"class":137},[66,142487,5658],{"class":80},[66,142489,5067],{"class":1945},[20,142491,142492],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142494,74855,142495,142499],{},[652,142496,126438,142497,978],{"href":130032},[15,142498,126496],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[52,142501,124085],{"id":124084},[20,142503,142504,123896],{},[15,142505,127806],{},[20,142507,127483,142508,4688,142511,127490],{},[15,142509,142510],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142512,142513],{},"\"python\"",[57,142515,142517],{"className":59,"code":142516,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142518,142519,142531,142535,142559],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142520,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142522,34756],{"class":72},[66,142524,77],{"class":76},[66,142526,97],{"class":84},[66,142528,7590],{"class":88},[66,142530,376],{"class":84},[66,142532,142533],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142534,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142536,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,142538,155],{"class":154},[66,142540,158],{"class":80},[66,142542,34777],{"class":137},[66,142544,50],{"class":80},[66,142546,141514],{"class":137},[66,142548,158],{"class":80},[66,142550,85],{"class":84},[66,142552,141625],{"class":88},[66,142554,85],{"class":84},[66,142556,5658],{"class":80},[66,142558,3957],{"class":1945},[66,142560,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573,142575,142577,142579,142581],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,142562,155],{"class":154},[66,142564,158],{"class":80},[66,142566,34777],{"class":137},[66,142568,50],{"class":80},[66,142570,141514],{"class":137},[66,142572,158],{"class":80},[66,142574,85],{"class":84},[66,142576,128884],{"class":88},[66,142578,85],{"class":84},[66,142580,5658],{"class":80},[66,142582,5067],{"class":1945},[20,142584,127575,142585,50],{},[652,142586,142587],{"href":124165},[15,142588,124168],{},[57,142590,142592],{"className":59,"code":142591,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142593,142594,142606,142610],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142595,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142597,34756],{"class":72},[66,142599,77],{"class":76},[66,142601,97],{"class":84},[66,142603,7590],{"class":88},[66,142605,376],{"class":84},[66,142607,142608],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142609,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142611,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,142613,155],{"class":154},[66,142615,158],{"class":80},[66,142617,34777],{"class":137},[66,142619,50],{"class":80},[66,142621,8933],{"class":137},[66,142623,8930],{"class":80},[66,142625,141514],{"class":137},[66,142627,158],{"class":80},[66,142629,85],{"class":84},[66,142631,128884],{"class":88},[66,142633,85],{"class":84},[66,142635,5658],{"class":80},[66,142637,3957],{"class":1945},[52,142639,1154,142641],{"id":142640},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142642,127806],{},[20,142644,142645,142647],{},[15,142646,127806],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142649,9662],{},[30,142651,142652,142655,142658,142667],{},[33,142653,142654],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142656,142657],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142659,142660,142661,3176,142664],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142662,142663],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142665,142666],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142668,142669],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142671,281],{},[57,142673,142675],{"className":59,"code":142674,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142676,142677,142690,142694,142723],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142678,142679,142681,142683,142685,142688],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142680,127301],{"class":72},[66,142682,77],{"class":76},[66,142684,97],{"class":84},[66,142686,142687],{"class":88},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[66,142689,376],{"class":84},[66,142691,142692],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142693,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142695,142696,142698,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,142697,7291],{"class":1060},[66,142699,142700],{"class":72}," url",[66,142702,50],{"class":80},[66,142704,141514],{"class":137},[66,142706,5805],{"class":80},[66,142708,85],{"class":84},[66,142710,142663],{"class":88},[66,142712,85],{"class":84},[66,142714,105],{"class":80},[66,142716,97],{"class":84},[66,142718,142666],{"class":88},[66,142720,85],{"class":84},[66,142722,69646],{"class":80},[66,142724,142725,142727,142729,142731,142734,142736],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,142726,1081],{"class":154},[66,142728,158],{"class":80},[66,142730,85],{"class":84},[66,142732,142733],{"class":88},"This looks like a web URL.",[66,142735,85],{"class":84},[66,142737,163],{"class":80},[52,142739,1838],{"id":1837},[20,142741,23347,142742,50],{},[15,142743,127806],{},[1430,142745,138878],{"id":142746},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142748,142749,123896],{},[15,142750,127806],{},[57,142752,142754],{"className":59,"code":142753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142755,142756,142768],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142757,142758,142760,142762,142764,142766],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142759,34756],{"class":72},[66,142761,77],{"class":76},[66,142763,97],{"class":84},[66,142765,7590],{"class":88},[66,142767,376],{"class":84},[66,142769,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142771,155],{"class":154},[66,142773,158],{"class":80},[66,142775,34777],{"class":137},[66,142777,50],{"class":80},[66,142779,141514],{"class":137},[66,142781,158],{"class":80},[66,142783,85],{"class":84},[66,142785,61],{"class":88},[66,142787,85],{"class":84},[66,142789,5658],{"class":80},[66,142791,5067],{"class":1945},[20,142793,39335],{},[57,142795,142797],{"className":59,"code":142796,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142798,142799],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142800,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142802,155],{"class":154},[66,142804,158],{"class":80},[66,142806,34777],{"class":137},[66,142808,50],{"class":80},[66,142810,8933],{"class":137},[66,142812,8930],{"class":80},[66,142814,141514],{"class":137},[66,142816,158],{"class":80},[66,142818,85],{"class":84},[66,142820,61],{"class":88},[66,142822,85],{"class":84},[66,142824,5658],{"class":80},[66,142826,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,142828,29715,142830,137360],{"id":142829},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142831,127806],{},[20,142833,142834],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[57,142836,142838],{"className":59,"code":142837,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142839,142840,142848,142852,142857],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142841,142842,142844,142846],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142843,2745],{"class":72},[66,142845,77],{"class":76},[66,142847,125120],{"class":117},[66,142849,142850],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142851,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142853,142854],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,142855,142856],{"class":1945},"# This will cause an error:\n",[66,142858,142859],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,142860,142861],{"class":1945},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142863,39335],{},[57,142865,142867],{"className":59,"code":142866,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142868,142869,142883],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142870,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142872,2745],{"class":72},[66,142874,77],{"class":76},[66,142876,48982],{"class":173},[66,142878,158],{"class":80},[66,142880,50324],{"class":117},[66,142882,163],{"class":80},[66,142884,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899,142901,142903,142905],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142886,155],{"class":154},[66,142888,158],{"class":80},[66,142890,2771],{"class":137},[66,142892,50],{"class":80},[66,142894,141514],{"class":137},[66,142896,158],{"class":80},[66,142898,85],{"class":84},[66,142900,1714],{"class":88},[66,142902,85],{"class":84},[66,142904,5658],{"class":80},[66,142906,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,142908,37276,142910,8997,142912],{"id":142909},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142911,127806],{},[15,142913,1067],{},[20,142915,142916,142918],{},[15,142917,127806],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142920,142921,142922,142924,142925,50],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142923,1067],{}," or methods like ",[652,142926,142927],{"href":124448},[15,142928,124433],{},[57,142930,142932],{"className":59,"code":142931,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142933,142934,142946,142950,142974],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,142935,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,142937,34756],{"class":72},[66,142939,77],{"class":76},[66,142941,97],{"class":84},[66,142943,60488],{"class":88},[66,142945,376],{"class":84},[66,142947,142948],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,142949,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,142951,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,142953,155],{"class":154},[66,142955,158],{"class":80},[66,142957,34777],{"class":137},[66,142959,50],{"class":80},[66,142961,141514],{"class":137},[66,142963,158],{"class":80},[66,142965,85],{"class":84},[66,142967,60673],{"class":88},[66,142969,85],{"class":84},[66,142971,5658],{"class":80},[66,142973,5067],{"class":1945},[66,142975,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986,142988,142990,142992],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,142977,155],{"class":154},[66,142979,158],{"class":80},[66,142981,85],{"class":84},[66,142983,60673],{"class":88},[66,142985,85],{"class":84},[66,142987,1372],{"class":1060},[66,142989,42917],{"class":137},[66,142991,3954],{"class":80},[66,142993,142994],{"class":1945},"           # True\n",[20,142996,135912,142997,50],{},[652,142998,127474],{"href":123693},[1430,143000,5000,143002,4688,143004,143006],{"id":143001},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143003,36143],{},[15,143005,52740],{}," use index positions",[20,143008,143009,143010,50],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143011,2021],{},[57,143013,143015],{"className":59,"code":143014,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143016,143017,143030,143034],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143018,143019,143021,143023,143025,143028],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143020,34756],{"class":72},[66,143022,77],{"class":76},[66,143024,97],{"class":84},[66,143026,143027],{"class":88},"abcdef",[66,143029,376],{"class":84},[66,143031,143032],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143033,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,143035,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048,143050,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,143037,155],{"class":154},[66,143039,158],{"class":80},[66,143041,34777],{"class":137},[66,143043,50],{"class":80},[66,143045,141514],{"class":137},[66,143047,158],{"class":80},[66,143049,85],{"class":84},[66,143051,143052],{"class":88},"cd",[66,143054,85],{"class":84},[66,143056,105],{"class":80},[66,143058,1719],{"class":117},[66,143060,5658],{"class":80},[66,143062,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,143064,143066],{"id":143065},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143068,143069],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143071,16918],{},[57,143073,143075],{"className":59,"code":143074,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143076,143077],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143078,143079],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143080,143074],{"class":1945},[20,143082,695],{},[57,143084,143086],{"className":59,"code":143085,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143087,143088,143100],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143089,143090,143092,143094,143096,143098],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143091,34756],{"class":72},[66,143093,77],{"class":76},[66,143095,97],{"class":84},[66,143097,7590],{"class":88},[66,143099,376],{"class":84},[66,143101,143102,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143127,143129,143131],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143103,155],{"class":154},[66,143105,158],{"class":80},[66,143107,34777],{"class":137},[66,143109,50],{"class":80},[66,143111,141514],{"class":137},[66,143113,5805],{"class":80},[66,143115,85],{"class":84},[66,143117,141625],{"class":88},[66,143119,85],{"class":84},[66,143121,105],{"class":80},[66,143123,97],{"class":84},[66,143125,143126],{"class":88},"Ja",[66,143128,85],{"class":84},[66,143130,51170],{"class":80},[66,143132,3957],{"class":1945},[20,143134,32149],{},[57,143136,143138],{"className":59,"code":143137,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143139,143140,143150,143164,143186,143212],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143141,143142,143144,143146,143148],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143143,155],{"class":154},[66,143145,158],{"class":80},[66,143147,34777],{"class":137},[66,143149,163],{"class":80},[66,143151,143152,143154,143156,143158,143160,143162],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143153,155],{"class":154},[66,143155,158],{"class":80},[66,143157,912],{"class":173},[66,143159,158],{"class":80},[66,143161,34777],{"class":137},[66,143163,181],{"class":80},[66,143165,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182,143184],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,143167,155],{"class":154},[66,143169,158],{"class":80},[66,143171,34777],{"class":137},[66,143173,50],{"class":80},[66,143175,141514],{"class":137},[66,143177,158],{"class":80},[66,143179,85],{"class":84},[66,143181,141625],{"class":88},[66,143183,85],{"class":84},[66,143185,181],{"class":80},[66,143187,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,143189,155],{"class":154},[66,143191,158],{"class":80},[66,143193,34777],{"class":137},[66,143195,50],{"class":80},[66,143197,8933],{"class":137},[66,143199,8930],{"class":80},[66,143201,141514],{"class":137},[66,143203,158],{"class":80},[66,143205,85],{"class":84},[66,143207,128884],{"class":88},[66,143209,85],{"class":84},[66,143211,181],{"class":80},[66,143213,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,143215,155],{"class":154},[66,143217,158],{"class":80},[66,143219,34777],{"class":137},[66,143221,50],{"class":80},[66,143223,141514],{"class":137},[66,143225,5805],{"class":80},[66,143227,85],{"class":84},[66,143229,141625],{"class":88},[66,143231,85],{"class":84},[66,143233,105],{"class":80},[66,143235,97],{"class":84},[66,143237,143126],{"class":88},[66,143239,85],{"class":84},[66,143241,3210],{"class":80},[52,143243,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,143245,12986,143247,128284],{"id":143246},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143248,127806],{},[20,143250,143251,143252,3176,143254,50],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143253,1386],{},[15,143255,3967],{},[1430,143257,5465,143259,143261],{"id":143258},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143260,127806],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143263,143264],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[57,143266,143268],{"className":59,"code":143267,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143269,143270],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143271,143272,143274,143276,143278,143280,143282,143284,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143273,34777],{"class":72},[66,143275,50],{"class":80},[66,143277,141514],{"class":137},[66,143279,5805],{"class":80},[66,143281,85],{"class":84},[66,143283,652],{"class":88},[66,143285,85],{"class":84},[66,143287,105],{"class":80},[66,143289,97],{"class":84},[66,143291,1903],{"class":88},[66,143293,85],{"class":84},[66,143295,181],{"class":80},[1430,143297,2131,143299,124774],{"id":143298},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143300,127806],{},[20,143302,129967],{},[1430,143304,5475,143306,4688,143308,2151],{"id":143305},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143307,127806],{},[15,143309,1067],{},[20,143311,143312,143314,143315,143317],{},[15,143313,127806],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143316,1067],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1430,143319,28393,143321,4688,143323,8997,143325,2151],{"id":143320},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143322,36143],{},[15,143324,52740],{},[15,143326,127806],{},[20,143328,143329],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[52,143331,2183],{"id":2182},[30,143333,143334,143340,143346,143352,143356],{},[33,143335,143336],{},[652,143337,126438,143338,978],{"href":130032},[15,143339,126496],{},[33,143341,143342],{},[652,143343,126438,143344,978],{"href":124448},[15,143345,124433],{},[33,143347,143348],{},[652,143349,126438,143350,978],{"href":124165},[15,143351,124168],{},[33,143353,143354],{},[652,143355,124837],{"href":123693},[33,143357,143358],{},[652,143359,125193],{"href":51054},[2222,143361,143362],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":143364},[143365,143367,143368,143374,143375,143377,143378,143379,143381,143391,143403],{"id":141560,"depth":124,"text":143366},"What startswith() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":141839,"depth":124,"text":141840,"children":143369},[143370,143371,143372,143373],{"id":141677,"depth":144,"text":141677},{"id":36143,"depth":144,"text":36143},{"id":52740,"depth":144,"text":52740},{"id":142006,"depth":144,"text":142007},{"id":792,"depth":124,"text":793},{"id":142184,"depth":124,"text":143376},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142338,"depth":124,"text":142339},{"id":124084,"depth":124,"text":124085},{"id":142640,"depth":124,"text":143380},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":143382},[143383,143384,143386,143388,143390],{"id":142746,"depth":144,"text":138878},{"id":142829,"depth":144,"text":143385},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142909,"depth":144,"text":143387},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143001,"depth":144,"text":143389},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143065,"depth":144,"text":143066},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":143392},[143393,143395,143397,143399,143401],{"id":143246,"depth":144,"text":143394},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143258,"depth":144,"text":143396},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143298,"depth":144,"text":143398},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143305,"depth":144,"text":143400},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143320,"depth":144,"text":143402},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141460,"description":143404},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143411,"title":143412,"body":143413,"description":144867,"extension":2260,"meta":144868,"navigation":147,"path":144869,"seo":144870,"stem":144871,"__hash__":144872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143414,"toc":144837},[143415,143420,143425,143428,143430,143474,143476,143484,143489,143494,143499,143501,143519,143521,143567,143569,143583,143592,143596,143598,143600,143612,143617,143620,143652,143654,143663,143668,143671,143712,143714,143722,143724,143737,143743,143747,143750,143766,143768,143817,143819,143828,143831,143890,143892,143901,143908,143911,143964,143966,143990,143997,144003,144007,144013,144016,144027,144029,144069,144071,144079,144081,144121,144123,144132,144134,144152,144155,144162,144173,144176,144193,144195,144272,144274,144305,144308,144310,144313,144339,144341,144381,144383,144392,144402,144410,144418,144423,144428,144430,144444,144446,144497,144499,144508,144518,144520,144522,144544,144547,144626,144628,144664,144667,144742,144747,144749,144755,144760,144765,144768,144774,144777,144784,144792,144796,144804,144806,144834],[10,143416,123438,143418,18],{"id":143417},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143419,41728],{},[20,143421,32384,143422,143424],{},[15,143423,41728],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143426,143427],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[52,143429,3903],{"id":3902},[57,143431,143433],{"className":59,"code":143432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143434,143435,143448,143463],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143436,143437,143439,143441,143443,143446],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143438,34756],{"class":72},[66,143440,77],{"class":76},[66,143442,97],{"class":84},[66,143444,143445],{"class":88},"  hello  ",[66,143447,376],{"class":84},[66,143449,143450,143453,143455,143457,143459,143461],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143451,143452],{"class":72},"clean_text ",[66,143454,77],{"class":76},[66,143456,42917],{"class":72},[66,143458,50],{"class":80},[66,143460,8927],{"class":137},[66,143462,141],{"class":80},[66,143464,143465,143467,143469,143472],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,143466,155],{"class":154},[66,143468,158],{"class":80},[66,143470,143471],{"class":137},"clean_text",[66,143473,163],{"class":80},[20,143475,187],{},[57,143477,143478],{"className":59,"code":138753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,143479,143480],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143481,143482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143483,138753],{"class":72},[20,143485,243,143486,143488],{},[15,143487,41728],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[52,143490,250,143492,253],{"id":143491},"what-strip-does",[15,143493,41728],{},[20,143495,143496,143498],{},[15,143497,41728],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143500,13332],{},[30,143502,143503,143507,143510,143513,143516],{},[33,143504,143505,131788],{},[15,143506,41728],{},[33,143508,143509],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,143511,143512],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,143514,143515],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,143517,143518],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143520,281],{},[57,143522,143524],{"className":59,"code":143523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143525,143526,143539,143543,143557],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143527,143528,143530,143532,143534,143537],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143529,34756],{"class":72},[66,143531,77],{"class":76},[66,143533,97],{"class":84},[66,143535,143536],{"class":88},"  hello world  ",[66,143538,376],{"class":84},[66,143540,143541],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143542,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,143544,143545,143547,143549,143551,143553,143555],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,143546,155],{"class":154},[66,143548,158],{"class":80},[66,143550,34777],{"class":137},[66,143552,50],{"class":80},[66,143554,8927],{"class":137},[66,143556,345],{"class":80},[66,143558,143559,143561,143563,143565],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,143560,155],{"class":154},[66,143562,158],{"class":80},[66,143564,34777],{"class":137},[66,143566,163],{"class":80},[20,143568,187],{},[57,143570,143572],{"className":59,"code":143571,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143573,143574,143578],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143575,143576],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143577,134454],{"class":72},[66,143579,143580],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143581,143582],{"class":72},"  hello world\n",[20,143584,143585,143586,143588,143589,143591],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143587,41728],{},", but the original ",[15,143590,34777],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143593,125190,143594,50],{},[652,143595,125193],{"href":51054},[52,143597,2455],{"id":2454},[20,143599,26551],{},[30,143601,143602,143607],{},[33,143603,143604],{},[15,143605,143606],{},"string.strip()",[33,143608,143609],{},[15,143610,143611],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1430,143613,143615],{"id":143614},"stringstrip",[15,143616,143606],{},[20,143618,143619],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[57,143621,143623],{"className":59,"code":143622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143624,143625,143638],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143626,143627,143629,143631,143633,143636],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143628,8170],{"class":72},[66,143630,77],{"class":76},[66,143632,97],{"class":84},[66,143634,143635],{"class":88},"  Alice  ",[66,143637,376],{"class":84},[66,143639,143640,143642,143644,143646,143648,143650],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143641,155],{"class":154},[66,143643,158],{"class":80},[66,143645,89],{"class":137},[66,143647,50],{"class":80},[66,143649,8927],{"class":137},[66,143651,345],{"class":80},[20,143653,187],{},[57,143655,143657],{"className":59,"code":143656,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Alice\n",[15,143658,143659],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143660,143661],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143662,143656],{"class":72},[1430,143664,143666],{"id":143665},"stringstripchars",[15,143667,143611],{},[20,143669,143670],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[57,143672,143674],{"className":59,"code":143673,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143675,143676,143689],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143677,143678,143680,143682,143684,143687],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143679,34756],{"class":72},[66,143681,77],{"class":76},[66,143683,97],{"class":84},[66,143685,143686],{"class":88},"!!hello??",[66,143688,376],{"class":84},[66,143690,143691,143693,143695,143697,143699,143701,143703,143705,143708,143710],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143692,155],{"class":154},[66,143694,158],{"class":80},[66,143696,34777],{"class":137},[66,143698,50],{"class":80},[66,143700,8927],{"class":137},[66,143702,158],{"class":80},[66,143704,85],{"class":84},[66,143706,143707],{"class":88},"!?",[66,143709,85],{"class":84},[66,143711,181],{"class":80},[20,143713,187],{},[57,143715,143716],{"className":59,"code":138753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,143717,143718],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143719,143720],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143721,138753],{"class":72},[20,143723,83904],{},[30,143725,143726,143731],{},[33,143727,143728,143730],{},[15,143729,134697],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143732,143733,143734,143736],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143735,134697],{}," does not matter",[52,143738,143740,143741],{"id":143739},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143742,41728],{},[20,143744,30951,143745,50],{},[15,143746,41728],{},[20,143748,143749],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143751,143752,143757,143760,143763],{},[33,143753,143754,143755,4179],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143756,3256],{},[33,143758,143759],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143761,143762],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143764,143765],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143767,48439],{},[57,143769,143771],{"className":59,"code":143770,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143772,143773,143786,143802,143806],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143774,143775,143777,143779,143781,143784],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143776,8255],{"class":72},[66,143778,77],{"class":76},[66,143780,97],{"class":84},[66,143782,143783],{"class":88},"  sam  ",[66,143785,376],{"class":84},[66,143787,143788,143791,143793,143796,143798,143800],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143789,143790],{"class":72},"clean_username ",[66,143792,77],{"class":76},[66,143794,143795],{"class":72}," username",[66,143797,50],{"class":80},[66,143799,8927],{"class":137},[66,143801,141],{"class":80},[66,143803,143804],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,143805,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,143807,143808,143810,143812,143815],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,143809,155],{"class":154},[66,143811,158],{"class":80},[66,143813,143814],{"class":137},"clean_username",[66,143816,163],{"class":80},[20,143818,187],{},[57,143820,143822],{"className":59,"code":143821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"sam\n",[15,143823,143824],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143825,143826],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143827,143821],{"class":72},[20,143829,143830],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[57,143832,143834],{"className":59,"code":143833,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143835,143836,143849,143853,143875],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143837,143838,143840,143842,143844,143847],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143839,136681],{"class":72},[66,143841,77],{"class":76},[66,143843,97],{"class":84},[66,143845,143846],{"class":88}," yes  ",[66,143848,376],{"class":84},[66,143850,143851],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143852,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,143854,143855,143857,143859,143861,143863,143865,143867,143869,143871,143873],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,143856,7291],{"class":1060},[66,143858,136701],{"class":72},[66,143860,50],{"class":80},[66,143862,8927],{"class":137},[66,143864,7659],{"class":80},[66,143866,6700],{"class":76},[66,143868,97],{"class":84},[66,143870,8950],{"class":88},[66,143872,85],{"class":84},[66,143874,1133],{"class":80},[66,143876,143877,143879,143881,143883,143886,143888],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,143878,1081],{"class":154},[66,143880,158],{"class":80},[66,143882,85],{"class":84},[66,143884,143885],{"class":88},"Matched",[66,143887,85],{"class":84},[66,143889,163],{"class":80},[20,143891,187],{},[57,143893,143895],{"className":59,"code":143894,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Matched\n",[15,143896,143897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143898,143899],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143900,143894],{"class":72},[20,143902,143903,143904,50],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[652,143905,143907],{"href":143906},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143909,143910],{},"Example with file-style text:",[57,143912,143914],{"className":59,"code":143913,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143915,143916,143932,143946],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143917,143918,143921,143923,143925,143928,143930],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143919,143920],{"class":72},"line ",[66,143922,77],{"class":76},[66,143924,97],{"class":84},[66,143926,143927],{"class":88},"Python basics",[66,143929,87236],{"class":34521},[66,143931,376],{"class":84},[66,143933,143934,143936,143938,143940,143942,143944],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143935,155],{"class":154},[66,143937,158],{"class":80},[66,143939,41854],{"class":154},[66,143941,158],{"class":80},[66,143943,68],{"class":137},[66,143945,181],{"class":80},[66,143947,143948,143950,143952,143954,143956,143958,143960,143962],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,143949,155],{"class":154},[66,143951,158],{"class":80},[66,143953,41854],{"class":154},[66,143955,158],{"class":80},[66,143957,68],{"class":137},[66,143959,50],{"class":80},[66,143961,8927],{"class":137},[66,143963,560],{"class":80},[20,143965,187],{},[57,143967,143969],{"className":59,"code":143968,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143970,143971,143982],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,143972,143973,143975,143977,143980],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,143974,202],{"class":43404},[66,143976,143927],{"class":43408},[66,143978,87236],{"class":143979},"sfi6f",[66,143981,29765],{"class":43404},[66,143983,143984,143986,143988],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,143985,202],{"class":43404},[66,143987,143927],{"class":43408},[66,143989,29765],{"class":43404},[20,143991,1848,143992,143994,143995,50],{},[15,143993,122652],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143996,87236],{},[20,143998,143999,144000,50],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[652,144001,144002],{"href":87889},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[52,144004,144006],{"id":144005},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144008,144009,144010,50],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144011,144012],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144014,144015],{},"Python will:",[30,144017,144018,144021,144024],{},[33,144019,144020],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,144022,144023],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,144025,144026],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144028,281],{},[57,144030,144032],{"className":59,"code":144031,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144033,144034,144047],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144035,144036,144038,144040,144042,144045],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144037,34756],{"class":72},[66,144039,77],{"class":76},[66,144041,97],{"class":84},[66,144043,144044],{"class":88},"??hello!!",[66,144046,376],{"class":84},[66,144048,144049,144051,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065,144067],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144050,155],{"class":154},[66,144052,158],{"class":80},[66,144054,34777],{"class":137},[66,144056,50],{"class":80},[66,144058,8927],{"class":137},[66,144060,158],{"class":80},[66,144062,85],{"class":84},[66,144064,143707],{"class":88},[66,144066,85],{"class":84},[66,144068,181],{"class":80},[20,144070,187],{},[57,144072,144073],{"className":59,"code":138753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,144074,144075],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144076,144077],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144078,138753],{"class":72},[20,144080,52159],{},[57,144082,144084],{"className":59,"code":144083,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144085,144086,144099],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144087,144088,144090,144092,144094,144097],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144089,34756],{"class":72},[66,144091,77],{"class":76},[66,144093,97],{"class":84},[66,144095,144096],{"class":88},"abcHelloCba",[66,144098,376],{"class":84},[66,144100,144101,144103,144105,144107,144109,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144102,155],{"class":154},[66,144104,158],{"class":80},[66,144106,34777],{"class":137},[66,144108,50],{"class":80},[66,144110,8927],{"class":137},[66,144112,158],{"class":80},[66,144114,85],{"class":84},[66,144116,41635],{"class":88},[66,144118,85],{"class":84},[66,144120,181],{"class":80},[20,144122,187],{},[57,144124,144126],{"className":59,"code":144125,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"HelloC\n",[15,144127,144128],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144129,144130],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144131,144125],{"class":72},[20,144133,6528],{},[20,144135,144136,14330,144139,144141,144142,144144,144145,2487,144147,2491,144149,144151],{},[15,144137,144138],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[185,144140,4926],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144143,41635],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144146,652],{},[15,144148,1903],{},[15,144150,10027],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144153,144154],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144156,144157,144158,6924],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[652,144159,144160],{"href":130019},[15,144161,124609],{},[52,144163,144165,10871,144167,10871,144170],{"id":144164},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144166,41728],{},[15,144168,144169],{},"lstrip()",[15,144171,144172],{},"rstrip()",[20,144174,144175],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,144177,144178,144183,144188],{},[33,144179,144180,144182],{},[15,144181,41728],{}," removes from both ends",[33,144184,144185,144187],{},[15,144186,144169],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,144189,144190,144192],{},[15,144191,144172],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144194,281],{},[57,144196,144198],{"className":59,"code":144197,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144199,144200,144212,144216,144234,144253],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144201,144202,144204,144206,144208,144210],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144203,34756],{"class":72},[66,144205,77],{"class":76},[66,144207,97],{"class":84},[66,144209,143445],{"class":88},[66,144211,376],{"class":84},[66,144213,144214],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144215,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,144217,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228,144230,144232],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,144219,155],{"class":154},[66,144221,158],{"class":80},[66,144223,41854],{"class":154},[66,144225,158],{"class":80},[66,144227,34777],{"class":137},[66,144229,50],{"class":80},[66,144231,8927],{"class":137},[66,144233,560],{"class":80},[66,144235,144236,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246,144248,144251],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,144237,155],{"class":154},[66,144239,158],{"class":80},[66,144241,41854],{"class":154},[66,144243,158],{"class":80},[66,144245,34777],{"class":137},[66,144247,50],{"class":80},[66,144249,144250],{"class":137},"lstrip",[66,144252,560],{"class":80},[66,144254,144255,144257,144259,144261,144263,144265,144267,144270],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,144256,155],{"class":154},[66,144258,158],{"class":80},[66,144260,41854],{"class":154},[66,144262,158],{"class":80},[66,144264,34777],{"class":137},[66,144266,50],{"class":80},[66,144268,144269],{"class":137},"rstrip",[66,144271,560],{"class":80},[20,144273,187],{},[57,144275,144277],{"className":59,"code":144276,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144278,144279,144287,144296],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144280,144281,144283,144285],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144282,202],{"class":43404},[66,144284,4139],{"class":43408},[66,144286,29765],{"class":43404},[66,144288,144289,144291,144294],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144290,202],{"class":43404},[66,144292,144293],{"class":43408},"hello  ",[66,144295,29765],{"class":43404},[66,144297,144298,144300,144303],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,144299,202],{"class":43404},[66,144301,144302],{"class":43408},"  hello",[66,144304,29765],{"class":43404},[20,144306,144307],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[52,144309,108446],{"id":108445},[20,144311,144312],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,144314,144315,144323,144333,144336],{},[33,144316,144317,144319,144320,144322],{},[15,144318,144138],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144321,41604],{}," once",[33,144324,144325,144326,2487,144328,2491,144330,144332],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144327,652],{},[15,144329,1903],{},[15,144331,10027],{}," from both ends",[33,144334,144335],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,144337,144338],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144340,281],{},[57,144342,144344],{"className":59,"code":144343,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144345,144346,144359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144347,144348,144350,144352,144354,144357],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144349,126521],{"class":72},[66,144351,77],{"class":76},[66,144353,97],{"class":84},[66,144355,144356],{"class":88},"txt_report.txt",[66,144358,376],{"class":84},[66,144360,144361,144363,144365,144367,144369,144371,144373,144375,144377,144379],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144362,155],{"class":154},[66,144364,158],{"class":80},[66,144366,126539],{"class":137},[66,144368,50],{"class":80},[66,144370,8927],{"class":137},[66,144372,158],{"class":80},[66,144374,85],{"class":84},[66,144376,126574],{"class":88},[66,144378,85],{"class":84},[66,144380,181],{"class":80},[20,144382,187],{},[57,144384,144386],{"className":59,"code":144385,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"_report\n",[15,144387,144388],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144389,144390],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144391,144385],{"class":72},[20,144393,144394,144395,2487,144397,2491,144399,144401],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144396,50],{},[15,144398,63369],{},[15,144400,2471],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144403,53733,144404,5079,144407,144409],{},[15,144405,144406],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[185,144408,4926],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144411,144412,144413,144417],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[652,144414,144415],{"href":130019},[15,144416,124609],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[52,144419,1154,144421],{"id":144420},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144422,41728],{},[20,144424,243,144425,144427],{},[15,144426,41728],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144429,36497],{},[30,144431,144432,144436,144438,144441],{},[33,144433,143754,144434,4179],{},[15,144435,3256],{},[33,144437,143759],{},[33,144439,144440],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,144442,144443],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144445,281],{},[57,144447,144449],{"className":59,"code":144448,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144450,144451,144465,144469,144482],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144452,144453,144456,144458,144460,144463],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144454,144455],{"class":72},"email ",[66,144457,77],{"class":76},[66,144459,97],{"class":84},[66,144461,144462],{"class":88},"  user@example.com  ",[66,144464,376],{"class":84},[66,144466,144467],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144468,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,144470,144471,144473,144476,144478,144480],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,144472,7291],{"class":1060},[66,144474,144475],{"class":72}," email",[66,144477,50],{"class":80},[66,144479,8927],{"class":137},[66,144481,1076],{"class":80},[66,144483,144484,144486,144488,144490,144493,144495],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,144485,1081],{"class":154},[66,144487,158],{"class":80},[66,144489,85],{"class":84},[66,144491,144492],{"class":88},"Email was entered",[66,144494,85],{"class":84},[66,144496,163],{"class":80},[20,144498,187],{},[57,144500,144502],{"className":59,"code":144501,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Email was entered\n",[15,144503,144504],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144505,144506],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144507,144501],{"class":72},[20,144509,144510,144511,144513,144514,50],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144512,41728],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[652,144515,144516],{"href":124165},[15,144517,124168],{},[52,144519,1838],{"id":1837},[20,144521,84323],{},[30,144523,144524,144528,144533,144538],{},[33,144525,1433,144526,131658],{},[15,144527,41728],{},[33,144529,1433,144530,144532],{},[15,144531,41728],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,144534,1848,144535,144537],{},[15,144536,144406],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,144539,5000,144540,144543],{},[15,144541,144542],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144545,144546],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[57,144548,144550],{"className":59,"code":144549,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144551,144552,144566,144570,144580,144594,144608],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144553,144554,144556,144558,144560,144562,144564],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144555,34756],{"class":72},[66,144557,77],{"class":76},[66,144559,97],{"class":84},[66,144561,144302],{"class":88},[66,144563,87236],{"class":34521},[66,144565,376],{"class":84},[66,144567,144568],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144569,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,144573,155],{"class":154},[66,144575,158],{"class":80},[66,144577,34777],{"class":137},[66,144579,163],{"class":80},[66,144581,144582,144584,144586,144588,144590,144592],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,144583,155],{"class":154},[66,144585,158],{"class":80},[66,144587,41854],{"class":154},[66,144589,158],{"class":80},[66,144591,34777],{"class":137},[66,144593,181],{"class":80},[66,144595,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,144597,155],{"class":154},[66,144599,158],{"class":80},[66,144601,34777],{"class":137},[66,144603,50],{"class":80},[66,144605,8927],{"class":137},[66,144607,345],{"class":80},[66,144609,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618,144620,144622,144624],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,144611,155],{"class":154},[66,144613,158],{"class":80},[66,144615,41854],{"class":154},[66,144617,158],{"class":80},[66,144619,34777],{"class":137},[66,144621,50],{"class":80},[66,144623,8927],{"class":137},[66,144625,560],{"class":80},[20,144627,187],{},[57,144629,144631],{"className":59,"code":144630,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144632,144633,144638,144642,144652,144656],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144634,144635],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144636,144637],{"class":72},"  hello\n",[66,144639,144640],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144641,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,144643,144644,144646,144648,144650],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,144645,202],{"class":43404},[66,144647,144302],{"class":43408},[66,144649,87236],{"class":143979},[66,144651,29765],{"class":43404},[66,144653,144654],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,144655,138753],{"class":72},[66,144657,144658,144660,144662],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,144659,202],{"class":43404},[66,144661,4139],{"class":43408},[66,144663,29765],{"class":43404},[20,144665,144666],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[57,144668,144670],{"className":59,"code":144669,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144671,144672,144682,144696,144710,144728],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144673,144674,144676,144678,144680],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144675,155],{"class":154},[66,144677,158],{"class":80},[66,144679,34777],{"class":137},[66,144681,163],{"class":80},[66,144683,144684,144686,144688,144690,144692,144694],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144685,155],{"class":154},[66,144687,158],{"class":80},[66,144689,41854],{"class":154},[66,144691,158],{"class":80},[66,144693,34777],{"class":137},[66,144695,181],{"class":80},[66,144697,144698,144700,144702,144704,144706,144708],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,144699,155],{"class":154},[66,144701,158],{"class":80},[66,144703,34777],{"class":137},[66,144705,50],{"class":80},[66,144707,8927],{"class":137},[66,144709,345],{"class":80},[66,144711,144712,144714,144716,144718,144720,144722,144724,144726],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,144713,155],{"class":154},[66,144715,158],{"class":80},[66,144717,41854],{"class":154},[66,144719,158],{"class":80},[66,144721,34777],{"class":137},[66,144723,50],{"class":80},[66,144725,8927],{"class":137},[66,144727,560],{"class":80},[66,144729,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,144731,32219],{"class":154},[66,144733,158],{"class":80},[66,144735,3737],{"class":173},[66,144737,50],{"class":80},[66,144739,8927],{"class":784},[66,144741,163],{"class":80},[20,144743,144744,144746],{},[15,144745,122652],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[52,144748,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,144750,12986,144752,144754],{"id":144751},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144753,41728],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144756,46442,144757,144759],{},[15,144758,41728],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1430,144761,12986,144763,124765],{"id":144762},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144764,41728],{},[20,144766,144767],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1430,144769,5438,144771,144773],{"id":144770},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144772,41728],{}," remove by default?",[20,144775,144776],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1430,144778,34273,144780,34276,144782,2151],{"id":144779},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144781,41728],{},[15,144783,124609],{},[20,144785,144786,144788,144789,144791],{},[15,144787,41728],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144790,124609],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1430,144793,144795],{"id":144794},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144797,128311,144798,144800,144801,144803],{},[15,144799,144169],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144802,144172],{}," for the right side.",[52,144805,2183],{"id":2182},[30,144807,144808,144814,144820,144825,144830],{},[33,144809,144810],{},[652,144811,126438,144812,978],{"href":124165},[15,144813,124168],{},[33,144815,144816],{},[652,144817,126438,144818,978],{"href":130019},[15,144819,124609],{},[33,144821,144822],{},[652,144823,144824],{"href":143906},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144826,144827],{},[652,144828,144829],{"href":87889},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144831,144832],{},[652,144833,125193],{"href":51054},[2222,144835,144836],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":144838},[144839,144840,144842,144846,144848,144849,144851,144852,144854,144855,144866],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":143491,"depth":124,"text":144841},"What strip() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":144843},[144844,144845],{"id":143614,"depth":144,"text":143606},{"id":143665,"depth":144,"text":143611},{"id":143739,"depth":124,"text":144847},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144005,"depth":124,"text":144006},{"id":144164,"depth":124,"text":144850},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108445,"depth":124,"text":108446},{"id":144420,"depth":124,"text":144853},"When to use strip()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":144856},[144857,144859,144861,144863,144865],{"id":144751,"depth":144,"text":144858},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144762,"depth":144,"text":144860},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144770,"depth":144,"text":144862},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144779,"depth":144,"text":144864},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144794,"depth":144,"text":144795},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143412,"description":144867},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144874,"title":144875,"body":144876,"description":146056,"extension":2260,"meta":146057,"navigation":147,"path":146058,"seo":146059,"stem":146060,"__hash__":146061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144877,"toc":146026},[144878,144883,144888,144893,144895,144941,144949,144954,144968,144974,144976,144978,144993,144995,145005,145008,145039,145042,145065,145067,145070,145127,145129,145143,145145,145159,145165,145170,145173,145214,145216,145225,145233,145236,145281,145283,145292,145295,145299,145304,145318,145320,145352,145354,145374,145377,145382,145387,145389,145400,145403,145460,145462,145470,145479,145481,145483,145489,145491,145528,145530,145538,145540,145581,145583,145592,145597,145602,145604,145631,145638,145641,145672,145674,145683,145689,145698,145729,145731,145743,145756,145760,145765,145795,145797,145864,145866,145876,145878,145883,145886,145891,145896,145900,145906,145912,145915,145917,145975,145977,145985,145987,146023],[10,144879,123438,144881,18],{"id":144880},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144882,128316],{},[20,144884,123443,144885,144887],{},[15,144886,128316],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144889,84700,144890,144892],{},[15,144891,128316],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[52,144894,55],{"id":54},[57,144896,144898],{"className":59,"code":144897,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144899,144900,144912,144926,144936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144901,144902,144904,144906,144908,144910],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144903,34756],{"class":72},[66,144905,77],{"class":76},[66,144907,97],{"class":84},[66,144909,129157],{"class":88},[66,144911,376],{"class":84},[66,144913,144914,144916,144918,144920,144922,144924],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,144915,877],{"class":72},[66,144917,77],{"class":76},[66,144919,42917],{"class":72},[66,144921,50],{"class":80},[66,144923,34546],{"class":137},[66,144925,141],{"class":80},[66,144927,144928,144930,144932,144934],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,144929,155],{"class":154},[66,144931,158],{"class":80},[66,144933,901],{"class":137},[66,144935,163],{"class":80},[66,144937,144938],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,144939,144940],{"class":1945},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144942,144943,144945,144946,144948],{},[15,144944,128316],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[185,144947,4926],{}," change the original string in place.",[52,144950,250,144952,253],{"id":144951},"what-upper-does",[15,144953,128316],{},[30,144955,144956,144961,144964,144966],{},[33,144957,144958,144960],{},[15,144959,128316],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144962,144963],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144965,133686],{},[33,144967,136404],{},[20,144969,125190,144970,3176,144972,50],{},[652,144971,136410],{"href":136409},[652,144973,125193],{"href":51054},[52,144975,2455],{"id":2454},[20,144977,662],{},[57,144979,144981],{"className":59,"code":144980,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"string.upper()\n",[15,144982,144983],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,144984,144985,144987,144989,144991],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,144986,61256],{"class":72},[66,144988,50],{"class":80},[66,144990,34546],{"class":137},[66,144992,141],{"class":80},[20,144994,261],{},[30,144996,144997,144999,145002],{},[33,144998,97611],{},[33,145000,145001],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,145003,145004],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145006,145007],{},"Example with a variable:",[57,145009,145011],{"className":59,"code":145010,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145012,145013,145025],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145014,145015,145017,145019,145021,145023],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145016,8170],{"class":72},[66,145018,77],{"class":76},[66,145020,97],{"class":84},[66,145022,61],{"class":88},[66,145024,376],{"class":84},[66,145026,145027,145029,145031,145033,145035,145037],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145028,155],{"class":154},[66,145030,158],{"class":80},[66,145032,89],{"class":137},[66,145034,50],{"class":80},[66,145036,34546],{"class":137},[66,145038,345],{"class":80},[20,145040,145041],{},"Example with a string literal:",[57,145043,145045],{"className":59,"code":145044,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145046,145047],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145048,145049,145051,145053,145055,145057,145059,145061,145063],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145050,155],{"class":154},[66,145052,158],{"class":80},[66,145054,85],{"class":84},[66,145056,4139],{"class":88},[66,145058,85],{"class":84},[66,145060,50],{"class":80},[66,145062,34546],{"class":137},[66,145064,345],{"class":80},[52,145066,11756],{"id":11755},[20,145068,145069],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[57,145071,145073],{"className":59,"code":145072,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145074,145075,145087,145102,145106,145116],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145076,145077,145079,145081,145083,145085],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145078,6447],{"class":72},[66,145080,77],{"class":76},[66,145082,97],{"class":84},[66,145084,4381],{"class":88},[66,145086,376],{"class":84},[66,145088,145089,145092,145094,145096,145098,145100],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145090,145091],{"class":72},"uppercase_word ",[66,145093,77],{"class":76},[66,145095,38454],{"class":72},[66,145097,50],{"class":80},[66,145099,34546],{"class":137},[66,145101,141],{"class":80},[66,145103,145104],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,145105,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,145107,145108,145110,145112,145114],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,145109,155],{"class":154},[66,145111,158],{"class":80},[66,145113,38464],{"class":137},[66,145115,163],{"class":80},[66,145117,145118,145120,145122,145125],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,145119,155],{"class":154},[66,145121,158],{"class":80},[66,145123,145124],{"class":137},"uppercase_word",[66,145126,163],{"class":80},[20,145128,187],{},[57,145130,145132],{"className":59,"code":145131,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145133,145134,145138],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145135,145136],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145137,70489],{"class":72},[66,145139,145140],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145141,145142],{"class":34521},"BANANA\n",[20,145144,112552],{},[30,145146,145147,145152],{},[33,145148,145149,145151],{},[15,145150,38464],{}," keeps its original value",[33,145153,145154,145156,145157],{},[15,145155,145124],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145158,128316],{},[52,145160,145162,145164],{"id":145161},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145163,128316],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145166,137070,145167,145169],{},[185,145168,137073],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145171,145172],{},"So this method:",[57,145174,145176],{"className":59,"code":145175,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145177,145178,145190,145200,145204],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145179,145180,145182,145184,145186,145188],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145181,8170],{"class":72},[66,145183,77],{"class":76},[66,145185,97],{"class":84},[66,145187,18064],{"class":88},[66,145189,376],{"class":84},[66,145191,145192,145194,145196,145198],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145193,89],{"class":72},[66,145195,50],{"class":80},[66,145197,34546],{"class":137},[66,145199,141],{"class":80},[66,145201,145202],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,145203,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,145205,145206,145208,145210,145212],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,145207,155],{"class":154},[66,145209,158],{"class":80},[66,145211,89],{"class":137},[66,145213,163],{"class":80},[20,145215,187],{},[57,145217,145219],{"className":59,"code":145218,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"alice\n",[15,145220,145221],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145222,145223],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145224,145218],{"class":72},[20,145226,21237,145227,145229,145230,145232],{},[15,145228,128316],{}," was called, ",[15,145231,89],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145234,145235],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[57,145237,145239],{"className":59,"code":145238,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145240,145241,145253,145267,145271],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145242,145243,145245,145247,145249,145251],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145244,8170],{"class":72},[66,145246,77],{"class":76},[66,145248,97],{"class":84},[66,145250,18064],{"class":88},[66,145252,376],{"class":84},[66,145254,145255,145257,145259,145261,145263,145265],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145256,8170],{"class":72},[66,145258,77],{"class":76},[66,145260,36062],{"class":72},[66,145262,50],{"class":80},[66,145264,34546],{"class":137},[66,145266,141],{"class":80},[66,145268,145269],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,145270,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,145272,145273,145275,145277,145279],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,145274,155],{"class":154},[66,145276,158],{"class":80},[66,145278,89],{"class":137},[66,145280,163],{"class":80},[20,145282,187],{},[57,145284,145286],{"className":59,"code":145285,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ALICE\n",[15,145287,145288],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145289,145290],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145291,145285],{"class":34521},[20,145293,145294],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[52,145296,145298],{"id":145297},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145300,145301,145303],{},[15,145302,128316],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,145305,145306,145309,145312,145315],{},[33,145307,145308],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,145310,145311],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,145313,145314],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,145316,145317],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145319,281],{},[57,145321,145323],{"className":59,"code":145322,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145324,145325,145338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145326,145327,145329,145331,145333,145336],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145328,34756],{"class":72},[66,145330,77],{"class":76},[66,145332,97],{"class":84},[66,145334,145335],{"class":88},"Room 7, table #3!",[66,145337,376],{"class":84},[66,145339,145340,145342,145344,145346,145348,145350],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145341,155],{"class":154},[66,145343,158],{"class":80},[66,145345,34777],{"class":137},[66,145347,50],{"class":80},[66,145349,34546],{"class":137},[66,145351,345],{"class":80},[20,145353,187],{},[57,145355,145357],{"className":59,"code":145356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145358,145359],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145360,145361,145364,145366,145368,145371],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145362,145363],{"class":34521},"ROOM",[66,145365,6286],{"class":117},[66,145367,105],{"class":80},[66,145369,145370],{"class":34521}," TABLE",[66,145372,145373],{"class":1945}," #3!\n",[20,145375,145376],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[52,145378,1154,145380],{"id":145379},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145381,128316],{},[20,145383,145384,145386],{},[15,145385,128316],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145388,48417],{},[30,145390,145391,145394,145397],{},[33,145392,145393],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,145395,145396],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,145398,145399],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145401,145402],{},"Example: simple comparison",[57,145404,145406],{"className":59,"code":145405,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145407,145408,145420,145424,145446],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145409,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145411,136681],{"class":72},[66,145413,77],{"class":76},[66,145415,97],{"class":84},[66,145417,8950],{"class":88},[66,145419,376],{"class":84},[66,145421,145422],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145423,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,145425,145426,145428,145430,145432,145434,145436,145438,145440,145442,145444],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,145427,7291],{"class":1060},[66,145429,136701],{"class":72},[66,145431,50],{"class":80},[66,145433,34546],{"class":137},[66,145435,7659],{"class":80},[66,145437,6700],{"class":76},[66,145439,97],{"class":84},[66,145441,136688],{"class":88},[66,145443,85],{"class":84},[66,145445,1133],{"class":80},[66,145447,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,145449,1081],{"class":154},[66,145451,158],{"class":80},[66,145453,85],{"class":84},[66,145455,143885],{"class":88},[66,145457,85],{"class":84},[66,145459,163],{"class":80},[20,145461,187],{},[57,145463,145464],{"className":59,"code":143894,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145465,145466],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145467,145468],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145469,143894],{"class":72},[20,145471,145472,145473,2487,145475,2491,145477,50],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145474,8950],{},[15,145476,137474],{},[15,145478,136688],{},[52,145480,1838],{"id":1837},[1430,145482,95972],{"id":95971},[20,145484,8409,145485,145488],{},[15,145486,145487],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145490,16918],{},[57,145492,145494],{"className":59,"code":145493,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145495,145496,145508,145518],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145497,145498,145500,145502,145504,145506],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145499,34756],{"class":72},[66,145501,77],{"class":76},[66,145503,97],{"class":84},[66,145505,4139],{"class":88},[66,145507,376],{"class":84},[66,145509,145510,145512,145514,145516],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145511,34777],{"class":72},[66,145513,50],{"class":80},[66,145515,34546],{"class":137},[66,145517,141],{"class":80},[66,145519,145520,145522,145524,145526],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,145521,155],{"class":154},[66,145523,158],{"class":80},[66,145525,34777],{"class":137},[66,145527,163],{"class":80},[20,145529,187],{},[57,145531,145532],{"className":59,"code":138753,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145533,145534],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145535,145536],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145537,138753],{"class":72},[20,145539,695],{},[57,145541,145543],{"className":59,"code":145542,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145544,145545,145557,145571],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145546,145547,145549,145551,145553,145555],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145548,34756],{"class":72},[66,145550,77],{"class":76},[66,145552,97],{"class":84},[66,145554,4139],{"class":88},[66,145556,376],{"class":84},[66,145558,145559,145561,145563,145565,145567,145569],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145560,34756],{"class":72},[66,145562,77],{"class":76},[66,145564,42917],{"class":72},[66,145566,50],{"class":80},[66,145568,34546],{"class":137},[66,145570,141],{"class":80},[66,145572,145573,145575,145577,145579],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,145574,155],{"class":154},[66,145576,158],{"class":80},[66,145578,34777],{"class":137},[66,145580,163],{"class":80},[20,145582,187],{},[57,145584,145586],{"className":59,"code":145585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"HELLO\n",[15,145587,145588],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145589,145590],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145591,145585],{"class":34521},[1430,145593,19167,145595,137360],{"id":145594},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145596,128316],{},[20,145598,145599,145601],{},[15,145600,128316],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145603,281],{},[57,145605,145607],{"className":59,"code":145606,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145608,145609,145617],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145610,145611,145613,145615],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145612,2515],{"class":72},[66,145614,77],{"class":76},[66,145616,125120],{"class":117},[66,145618,145619,145621,145623,145625,145627,145629],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145620,155],{"class":154},[66,145622,158],{"class":80},[66,145624,2537],{"class":137},[66,145626,50],{"class":80},[66,145628,34546],{"class":137},[66,145630,345],{"class":80},[20,145632,39727,145633,145635,145636,33668],{},[15,145634,2486],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145637,128316],{},[20,145639,145640],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[57,145642,145644],{"className":59,"code":145643,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145645,145646,145654],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145647,145648,145650,145652],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145649,2515],{"class":72},[66,145651,77],{"class":76},[66,145653,125120],{"class":117},[66,145655,145656,145658,145660,145662,145664,145666,145668,145670],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145657,155],{"class":154},[66,145659,158],{"class":80},[66,145661,3737],{"class":173},[66,145663,158],{"class":80},[66,145665,2537],{"class":137},[66,145667,8924],{"class":80},[66,145669,34546],{"class":137},[66,145671,345],{"class":80},[20,145673,187],{},[57,145675,145677],{"className":59,"code":145676,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"123\n",[15,145678,145679],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145680,145681],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145682,145676],{"class":117},[1430,145684,37276,145686,145688],{"id":145685},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145687,128316],{}," with title case",[20,145690,145691,145693,145694,145697],{},[15,145692,128316],{}," makes ",[185,145695,145696],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[57,145699,145701],{"className":59,"code":145700,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145702,145703,145715],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145704,145705,145707,145709,145711,145713],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145706,34756],{"class":72},[66,145708,77],{"class":76},[66,145710,97],{"class":84},[66,145712,60488],{"class":88},[66,145714,376],{"class":84},[66,145716,145717,145719,145721,145723,145725,145727],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145718,155],{"class":154},[66,145720,158],{"class":80},[66,145722,34777],{"class":137},[66,145724,50],{"class":80},[66,145726,34546],{"class":137},[66,145728,345],{"class":80},[20,145730,187],{},[57,145732,145734],{"className":59,"code":145733,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145735,145736],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145737,145738,145740],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145739,136462],{"class":34521},[66,145741,145742],{"class":34521}," WORLD\n",[20,145744,145745,145746,145750,145751,145755],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[652,145747,145748],{"href":124165},[15,145749,124168],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[652,145752,145753],{"href":130019},[15,145754,124609],{}," changes parts of a string.",[52,145757,145759],{"id":145758},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145761,145762,145763,94],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145764,128316],{},[30,145766,145767,145774,145781,145788],{},[33,145768,145769,145773],{},[652,145770,145771],{"href":124165},[15,145772,124168],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145775,145776,145780],{},[652,145777,145778],{"href":137008},[15,145779,41728],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145782,145783,145787],{},[652,145784,145785],{"href":130019},[15,145786,124609],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145789,145790,4688,145792,145794],{},[15,145791,127806],{},[15,145793,126496],{}," for checks",[20,145796,281],{},[57,145798,145800],{"className":59,"code":145799,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145801,145802,145814,145818,145833,145849,145853],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145803,145804,145806,145808,145810,145812],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145805,34756],{"class":72},[66,145807,77],{"class":76},[66,145809,97],{"class":84},[66,145811,143536],{"class":88},[66,145813,376],{"class":84},[66,145815,145816],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145817,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,145819,145820,145823,145825,145827,145829,145831],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,145821,145822],{"class":72},"cleaned ",[66,145824,77],{"class":76},[66,145826,42917],{"class":72},[66,145828,50],{"class":80},[66,145830,8927],{"class":137},[66,145832,141],{"class":80},[66,145834,145835,145838,145840,145843,145845,145847],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,145836,145837],{"class":72},"loud ",[66,145839,77],{"class":76},[66,145841,145842],{"class":72}," cleaned",[66,145844,50],{"class":80},[66,145846,34546],{"class":137},[66,145848,141],{"class":80},[66,145850,145851],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,145852,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,145854,145855,145857,145859,145862],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,145856,155],{"class":154},[66,145858,158],{"class":80},[66,145860,145861],{"class":137},"loud",[66,145863,163],{"class":80},[20,145865,187],{},[57,145867,145868],{"className":59,"code":145733,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145869,145870],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145871,145872,145874],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145873,136462],{"class":34521},[66,145875,145742],{"class":34521},[52,145877,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,145879,12986,145881,124765],{"id":145880},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145882,128316],{},[20,145884,145885],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1430,145887,12986,145889,137742],{"id":145888},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145890,128316],{},[20,145892,145893,145894,50],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145895,145487],{},[1430,145897,145899],{"id":145898},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145901,145902,145903,145905],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145904,128316],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1430,145907,28393,145909,145911],{"id":145908},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145910,128316],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145913,145914],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145916,281],{},[57,145918,145920],{"className":59,"code":145919,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145921,145922,145934,145947,145951],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145923,145924,145926,145928,145930,145932],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145925,2853],{"class":72},[66,145927,77],{"class":76},[66,145929,97],{"class":84},[66,145931,61],{"class":88},[66,145933,376],{"class":84},[66,145935,145936,145938,145940,145942,145945],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,145937,2881],{"class":72},[66,145939,77],{"class":76},[66,145941,97],{"class":84},[66,145943,145944],{"class":88},"PYTHON",[66,145946,376],{"class":84},[66,145948,145949],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,145950,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,145952,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961,145963,145965,145967,145969,145971,145973],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,145954,155],{"class":154},[66,145956,158],{"class":80},[66,145958,652],{"class":137},[66,145960,50],{"class":80},[66,145962,34546],{"class":137},[66,145964,7659],{"class":80},[66,145966,6700],{"class":76},[66,145968,2858],{"class":137},[66,145970,50],{"class":80},[66,145972,34546],{"class":137},[66,145974,345],{"class":80},[20,145976,187],{},[57,145978,145979],{"className":59,"code":4272,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,145980,145981],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,145982,145983],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,145984,4272],{"class":4146},[52,145986,2183],{"id":2182},[30,145988,145989,145993,145999,146005,146011,146015,146019],{},[33,145990,145991],{},[652,145992,125193],{"href":51054},[33,145994,145995],{},[652,145996,126438,145997,978],{"href":124165},[15,145998,124168],{},[33,146000,146001],{},[652,146002,126438,146003,978],{"href":137008},[15,146004,41728],{},[33,146006,146007],{},[652,146008,126438,146009,978],{"href":130019},[15,146010,124609],{},[33,146012,146013],{},[652,146014,90766],{"href":89775},[33,146016,146017],{},[652,146018,124837],{"href":123693},[33,146020,146021],{},[652,146022,137828],{"href":136409},[2222,146024,146025],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":146027},[146028,146029,146031,146032,146033,146035,146036,146038,146045,146046,146055],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":144951,"depth":124,"text":146030},"What upper() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":145161,"depth":124,"text":146034},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145297,"depth":124,"text":145298},{"id":145379,"depth":124,"text":146037},"When to use upper()",{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":146039},[146040,146041,146043],{"id":95971,"depth":144,"text":95972},{"id":145594,"depth":144,"text":146042},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145685,"depth":144,"text":146044},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145758,"depth":124,"text":145759},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":146047},[146048,146050,146052,146053],{"id":145880,"depth":144,"text":146049},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145888,"depth":144,"text":146051},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145898,"depth":144,"text":145899},{"id":145908,"depth":144,"text":146054},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144875,"description":146056},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146063,"title":146064,"body":146065,"description":147942,"extension":2260,"meta":147943,"navigation":147,"path":147944,"seo":147945,"stem":147946,"__hash__":147947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146066,"toc":147892},[146067,146073,146080,146086,146088,146144,146149,146154,146159,146162,146181,146184,146186,146210,146228,146239,146241,146244,146297,146299,146307,146309,146327,146332,146335,146392,146394,146403,146406,146426,146429,146435,146440,146442,146485,146487,146495,146498,146539,146541,146550,146556,146562,146589,146591,146599,146604,146608,146620,146663,146665,146673,146678,146684,146689,146693,146695,146738,146741,146788,146790,146799,146806,146810,146813,146859,146864,146868,146870,146913,146916,146924,146926,146931,146933,146935,146954,146957,146969,146971,146990,146992,147000,147004,147006,147057,147060,147135,147137,147145,147148,147152,147154,147201,147204,147275,147277,147285,147291,147293,147368,147372,147451,147453,147461,147467,147473,147478,147483,147532,147536,147607,147610,147615,147626,147629,147640,147650,147652,147657,147682,147687,147768,147770,147795,147797,147802,147805,147811,147820,147826,147829,147835,147841,147848,147851,147853,147889],[10,146068,3870,146070,3874],{"id":146069},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146071,146072],{},"sum()",[20,146074,9416,146075,146077,146078,800],{},[15,146076,146072],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146079,60080],{},[20,146081,146082,146083,146085],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146084,36143],{}," value and a few important limits.",[52,146087,55],{"id":54},[57,146089,146091],{"className":59,"code":146090,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146092,146093,146117,146132],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146094,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113,146115],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146096,1706],{"class":72},[66,146098,77],{"class":76},[66,146100,1711],{"class":80},[66,146102,1714],{"class":117},[66,146104,105],{"class":80},[66,146106,1719],{"class":117},[66,146108,105],{"class":80},[66,146110,1724],{"class":117},[66,146112,105],{"class":80},[66,146114,2755],{"class":117},[66,146116,240],{"class":80},[66,146118,146119,146121,146123,146126,146128,146130],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146120,41257],{"class":72},[66,146122,77],{"class":76},[66,146124,146125],{"class":154}," sum",[66,146127,158],{"class":80},[66,146129,1735],{"class":137},[66,146131,163],{"class":80},[66,146133,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,146135,155],{"class":154},[66,146137,158],{"class":80},[66,146139,41286],{"class":137},[66,146141,3954],{"class":80},[66,146143,26859],{"class":1945},[20,146145,243,146146,146148],{},[15,146147,146072],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[52,146150,250,146152,253],{"id":146151},"what-sum-does",[15,146153,146072],{},[20,146155,146156,146158],{},[15,146157,146072],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146160,146161],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,146163,146164,146167,146170,146175],{},[33,146165,146166],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,146168,146169],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,146171,146172,146173],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146174,36269],{},[33,146176,146177,146178,146180],{},"Counting ",[15,146179,1386],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146182,146183],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[52,146185,2455],{"id":2454},[57,146187,146189],{"className":59,"code":146188,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146190,146191],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146192,146193,146196,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146194,146195],{"class":154},"sum",[66,146197,158],{"class":80},[66,146199,4013],{"class":137},[66,146201,105],{"class":80},[66,146203,36122],{"class":9467},[66,146205,77],{"class":76},[66,146207,2021],{"class":117},[66,146209,163],{"class":80},[30,146211,146212,146217,146222],{},[33,146213,146214,146216],{},[15,146215,4013],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,146218,146219,146221],{},[15,146220,36143],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,146223,146224,146225],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146226,146227],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146229,146230,146231,146234,146235,50],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146232,146233,4013],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[652,146236,146237,641],{"href":36266},[15,146238,36269],{},[52,146240,11756],{"id":11755},[20,146242,146243],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[57,146245,146247],{"className":59,"code":146246,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146248,146249,146269,146283,146287],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146250,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146252,1706],{"class":72},[66,146254,77],{"class":76},[66,146256,1711],{"class":80},[66,146258,2433],{"class":117},[66,146260,105],{"class":80},[66,146262,6297],{"class":117},[66,146264,105],{"class":80},[66,146266,38009],{"class":117},[66,146268,240],{"class":80},[66,146270,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146272,41257],{"class":72},[66,146274,77],{"class":76},[66,146276,146125],{"class":154},[66,146278,158],{"class":80},[66,146280,1735],{"class":137},[66,146282,163],{"class":80},[66,146284,146285],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,146286,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,146288,146289,146291,146293,146295],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,146290,155],{"class":154},[66,146292,158],{"class":80},[66,146294,41286],{"class":137},[66,146296,163],{"class":80},[20,146298,187],{},[57,146300,146301],{"className":59,"code":69923,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146302,146303],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146304,146305],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146306,69923],{"class":117},[20,146308,11965],{},[30,146310,146311,146316,146322],{},[33,146312,146313,146315],{},[15,146314,1735],{}," contains three integers",[33,146317,146318,146321],{},[15,146319,146320],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,146323,146324,146325],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146326,41286],{},[52,146328,36684,146330,8726],{"id":146329},"using-the-start-value",[15,146331,36143],{},[20,146333,146334],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[57,146336,146338],{"className":59,"code":146337,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146339,146340,146360,146378,146382],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146341,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146343,1706],{"class":72},[66,146345,77],{"class":76},[66,146347,1711],{"class":80},[66,146349,1714],{"class":117},[66,146351,105],{"class":80},[66,146353,1719],{"class":117},[66,146355,105],{"class":80},[66,146357,1724],{"class":117},[66,146359,240],{"class":80},[66,146361,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146363,41257],{"class":72},[66,146365,77],{"class":76},[66,146367,146125],{"class":154},[66,146369,158],{"class":80},[66,146371,1735],{"class":137},[66,146373,105],{"class":80},[66,146375,6297],{"class":117},[66,146377,163],{"class":80},[66,146379,146380],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,146381,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,146383,146384,146386,146388,146390],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,146385,155],{"class":154},[66,146387,158],{"class":80},[66,146389,41286],{"class":137},[66,146391,163],{"class":80},[20,146393,187],{},[57,146395,146397],{"className":59,"code":146396,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"16\n",[15,146398,146399],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146400,146401],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146402,146396],{"class":117},[20,146404,146405],{},"This works like:",[30,146407,146408,146413,146418,146422],{},[33,146409,146410,146411],{},"Start at ",[15,146412,2628],{},[33,146414,146415,146416],{},"Add ",[15,146417,1714],{},[33,146419,146415,146420],{},[15,146421,2354],{},[33,146423,146415,146424],{},[15,146425,2360],{},[20,146427,146428],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[52,146430,250,146432,146434],{"id":146431},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146433,146072],{}," can work with",[20,146436,146437,146439],{},[15,146438,146072],{}," works with numeric values.",[1430,146441,40499],{"id":40498},[57,146443,146445],{"className":59,"code":146444,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146446,146447,146471],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146448,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146450,4116],{"class":72},[66,146452,77],{"class":76},[66,146454,1711],{"class":80},[66,146456,1714],{"class":117},[66,146458,105],{"class":80},[66,146460,1719],{"class":117},[66,146462,105],{"class":80},[66,146464,1724],{"class":117},[66,146466,105],{"class":80},[66,146468,2755],{"class":117},[66,146470,240],{"class":80},[66,146472,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146474,155],{"class":154},[66,146476,158],{"class":80},[66,146478,146195],{"class":154},[66,146480,158],{"class":80},[66,146482,5655],{"class":137},[66,146484,181],{"class":80},[20,146486,187],{},[57,146488,146489],{"className":59,"code":2674,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146490,146491],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146492,146493],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146494,2674],{"class":117},[1430,146496,146497],{"id":52125},"Floats",[57,146499,146501],{"className":59,"code":146500,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146502,146503,146525],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146504,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515,146518,146520,146523],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146506,83131],{"class":72},[66,146508,77],{"class":76},[66,146510,1711],{"class":80},[66,146512,41233],{"class":117},[66,146514,105],{"class":80},[66,146516,146517],{"class":117}," 3.75",[66,146519,105],{"class":80},[66,146521,146522],{"class":117}," 1.25",[66,146524,240],{"class":80},[66,146526,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146528,155],{"class":154},[66,146530,158],{"class":80},[66,146532,146195],{"class":154},[66,146534,158],{"class":80},[66,146536,83167],{"class":137},[66,146538,181],{"class":80},[20,146540,187],{},[57,146542,146544],{"className":59,"code":146543,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"7.5\n",[15,146545,146546],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146547,146548],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146549,146543],{"class":117},[20,146551,146552,146553,50],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[652,146554,146555],{"href":2717},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1430,146557,146559,146560],{"id":146558},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146561,36269],{},[57,146563,146565],{"className":59,"code":146564,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146566,146567],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146568,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146570,155],{"class":154},[66,146572,158],{"class":80},[66,146574,146195],{"class":154},[66,146576,158],{"class":80},[66,146578,60080],{"class":154},[66,146580,158],{"class":80},[66,146582,1714],{"class":117},[66,146584,105],{"class":80},[66,146586,37716],{"class":117},[66,146588,3210],{"class":80},[20,146590,187],{},[57,146592,146593],{"className":59,"code":47118,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146594,146595],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146596,146597],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146598,47118],{"class":117},[20,146600,113642,146601,50],{},[15,146602,146603],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1430,146605,146607],{"id":146606},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146609,146610,146611,146613,146614,4688,146616,146613,146618,50],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146612,1386],{}," acts like ",[15,146615,1714],{},[15,146617,3967],{},[15,146619,2021],{},[57,146621,146623],{"className":59,"code":146622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146624,146625,146649],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146626,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146628,52045],{"class":72},[66,146630,77],{"class":76},[66,146632,1711],{"class":80},[66,146634,1386],{"class":4146},[66,146636,105],{"class":80},[66,146638,4199],{"class":4146},[66,146640,105],{"class":80},[66,146642,4208],{"class":4146},[66,146644,105],{"class":80},[66,146646,4208],{"class":4146},[66,146648,240],{"class":80},[66,146650,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146652,155],{"class":154},[66,146654,158],{"class":80},[66,146656,146195],{"class":154},[66,146658,158],{"class":80},[66,146660,52098],{"class":137},[66,146662,181],{"class":80},[20,146664,187],{},[57,146666,146667],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146668,146669],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146670,146671],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146672,46694],{"class":117},[20,146674,146675,146676,50],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146677,1386],{},[52,146679,250,146681,146683],{"id":146680},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146682,146072],{}," does not work with",[20,146685,146686,146688],{},[15,146687,146072],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1430,146690,146692],{"id":146691},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146694,1696],{},[57,146696,146698],{"className":59,"code":146697,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146699,146700,146724],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146701,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146703,4363],{"class":72},[66,146705,77],{"class":76},[66,146707,1711],{"class":80},[66,146709,85],{"class":84},[66,146711,4139],{"class":88},[66,146713,85],{"class":84},[66,146715,105],{"class":80},[66,146717,97],{"class":84},[66,146719,60673],{"class":88},[66,146721,85],{"class":84},[66,146723,240],{"class":80},[66,146725,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146727,155],{"class":154},[66,146729,158],{"class":80},[66,146731,146195],{"class":154},[66,146733,158],{"class":80},[66,146735,4407],{"class":137},[66,146737,181],{"class":80},[20,146739,146740],{},"Use string joining instead:",[57,146742,146744],{"className":59,"code":146743,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146745,146746,146770],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146747,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146749,4363],{"class":72},[66,146751,77],{"class":76},[66,146753,1711],{"class":80},[66,146755,85],{"class":84},[66,146757,4139],{"class":88},[66,146759,85],{"class":84},[66,146761,105],{"class":80},[66,146763,97],{"class":84},[66,146765,60673],{"class":88},[66,146767,85],{"class":84},[66,146769,240],{"class":80},[66,146771,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146773,155],{"class":154},[66,146775,158],{"class":80},[66,146777,6565],{"class":84},[66,146779,50],{"class":80},[66,146781,133597],{"class":137},[66,146783,158],{"class":80},[66,146785,4407],{"class":137},[66,146787,181],{"class":80},[20,146789,187],{},[57,146791,146793],{"className":59,"code":146792,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"helloworld\n",[15,146794,146795],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146796,146797],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146798,146792],{"class":72},[20,146800,146801,146802,50],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[652,146803,146804,6078],{"href":42250},[15,146805,47761],{},[1430,146807,146809],{"id":146808},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146811,146812],{},"This also causes an error:",[57,146814,146816],{"className":59,"code":146815,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146817,146818,146845],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146819,146820,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146821,146822],{"class":72},"lists ",[66,146824,77],{"class":76},[66,146826,56374],{"class":80},[66,146828,1714],{"class":117},[66,146830,105],{"class":80},[66,146832,1719],{"class":117},[66,146834,18323],{"class":80},[66,146836,1711],{"class":80},[66,146838,2360],{"class":117},[66,146840,105],{"class":80},[66,146842,2755],{"class":117},[66,146844,53322],{"class":80},[66,146846,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146848,155],{"class":154},[66,146850,158],{"class":80},[66,146852,146195],{"class":154},[66,146854,158],{"class":80},[66,146856,5596],{"class":137},[66,146858,181],{"class":80},[20,146860,146861,146863],{},[15,146862,146072],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1430,146865,146867],{"id":146866},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146869,5767],{},[57,146871,146873],{"className":59,"code":146872,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146874,146875,146899],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146876,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146878,4116],{"class":72},[66,146880,77],{"class":76},[66,146882,1711],{"class":80},[66,146884,1714],{"class":117},[66,146886,105],{"class":80},[66,146888,1719],{"class":117},[66,146890,105],{"class":80},[66,146892,97],{"class":84},[66,146894,2360],{"class":88},[66,146896,85],{"class":84},[66,146898,240],{"class":80},[66,146900,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,146902,155],{"class":154},[66,146904,158],{"class":80},[66,146906,146195],{"class":154},[66,146908,158],{"class":80},[66,146910,5655],{"class":137},[66,146912,181],{"class":80},[20,146914,146915],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146917,146918,146919,146921,146922,50],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146920,66028],{},", convert them first. See ",[652,146923,3261],{"href":3260},[52,146925,41579],{"id":41578},[20,146927,146928,146929,50],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146930,146072],{},[1430,146932,6817],{"id":6816},[20,146934,4821],{},[57,146936,146938],{"className":59,"code":146937,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146939,146940],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146941,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146943,155],{"class":154},[66,146945,158],{"class":80},[66,146947,146195],{"class":154},[66,146949,158],{"class":80},[66,146951,2433],{"class":117},[66,146953,181],{"class":80},[20,146955,146956],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146958,146959,146964],{},[33,146960,146961,146963],{},[15,146962,2433],{}," is a single integer",[33,146965,146966,146968],{},[15,146967,146072],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146970,6847],{},[57,146972,146974],{"className":59,"code":146973,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146975,146976],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146977,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146979,155],{"class":154},[66,146981,158],{"class":80},[66,146983,146195],{"class":154},[66,146985,199],{"class":80},[66,146987,2433],{"class":117},[66,146989,3296],{"class":80},[20,146991,187],{},[57,146993,146994],{"className":59,"code":3245,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,146995,146996],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,146997,146998],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,146999,3245],{"class":117},[1430,147001,147003],{"id":147002},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147005,4821],{},[57,147007,147009],{"className":59,"code":147008,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147010,147011,147043],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147012,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147014,4116],{"class":72},[66,147016,77],{"class":76},[66,147018,1711],{"class":80},[66,147020,85],{"class":84},[66,147022,1714],{"class":88},[66,147024,85],{"class":84},[66,147026,105],{"class":80},[66,147028,97],{"class":84},[66,147030,2354],{"class":88},[66,147032,85],{"class":84},[66,147034,105],{"class":80},[66,147036,97],{"class":84},[66,147038,2360],{"class":88},[66,147040,85],{"class":84},[66,147042,240],{"class":80},[66,147044,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147046,155],{"class":154},[66,147048,158],{"class":80},[66,147050,146195],{"class":154},[66,147052,158],{"class":80},[66,147054,5655],{"class":137},[66,147056,181],{"class":80},[20,147058,147059],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[57,147061,147063],{"className":59,"code":147062,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147064,147065,147097,147125],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147066,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147068,4116],{"class":72},[66,147070,77],{"class":76},[66,147072,1711],{"class":80},[66,147074,85],{"class":84},[66,147076,1714],{"class":88},[66,147078,85],{"class":84},[66,147080,105],{"class":80},[66,147082,97],{"class":84},[66,147084,2354],{"class":88},[66,147086,85],{"class":84},[66,147088,105],{"class":80},[66,147090,97],{"class":84},[66,147092,2360],{"class":88},[66,147094,85],{"class":84},[66,147096,240],{"class":80},[66,147098,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147100,41257],{"class":72},[66,147102,77],{"class":76},[66,147104,146125],{"class":154},[66,147106,158],{"class":80},[66,147108,2486],{"class":173},[66,147110,158],{"class":80},[66,147112,2471],{"class":137},[66,147114,3954],{"class":80},[66,147116,4171],{"class":1060},[66,147118,4174],{"class":137},[66,147120,1067],{"class":1060},[66,147122,4179],{"class":137},[66,147124,163],{"class":80},[66,147126,147127,147129,147131,147133],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,147128,155],{"class":154},[66,147130,158],{"class":80},[66,147132,41286],{"class":137},[66,147134,163],{"class":80},[20,147136,187],{},[57,147138,147139],{"className":59,"code":2954,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,147140,147141],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147142,147143],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147144,2954],{"class":117},[20,147146,147147],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1430,147149,147151],{"id":147150},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147153,4821],{},[57,147155,147157],{"className":59,"code":147156,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147158,147159,147187],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147160,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147162,4116],{"class":72},[66,147164,77],{"class":76},[66,147166,1711],{"class":80},[66,147168,1714],{"class":117},[66,147170,105],{"class":80},[66,147172,1719],{"class":117},[66,147174,105],{"class":80},[66,147176,97],{"class":84},[66,147178,2360],{"class":88},[66,147180,85],{"class":84},[66,147182,105],{"class":80},[66,147184,2755],{"class":117},[66,147186,240],{"class":80},[66,147188,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147190,155],{"class":154},[66,147192,158],{"class":80},[66,147194,146195],{"class":154},[66,147196,158],{"class":80},[66,147198,5655],{"class":137},[66,147200,181],{"class":80},[20,147202,147203],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[57,147205,147207],{"className":59,"code":147206,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147208,147209,147237,147265],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147210,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147212,4116],{"class":72},[66,147214,77],{"class":76},[66,147216,1711],{"class":80},[66,147218,1714],{"class":117},[66,147220,105],{"class":80},[66,147222,1719],{"class":117},[66,147224,105],{"class":80},[66,147226,97],{"class":84},[66,147228,2360],{"class":88},[66,147230,85],{"class":84},[66,147232,105],{"class":80},[66,147234,2755],{"class":117},[66,147236,240],{"class":80},[66,147238,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147240,41257],{"class":72},[66,147242,77],{"class":76},[66,147244,146125],{"class":154},[66,147246,158],{"class":80},[66,147248,2486],{"class":173},[66,147250,158],{"class":80},[66,147252,2471],{"class":137},[66,147254,3954],{"class":80},[66,147256,4171],{"class":1060},[66,147258,4174],{"class":137},[66,147260,1067],{"class":1060},[66,147262,4179],{"class":137},[66,147264,163],{"class":80},[66,147266,147267,147269,147271,147273],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,147268,155],{"class":154},[66,147270,158],{"class":80},[66,147272,41286],{"class":137},[66,147274,163],{"class":80},[20,147276,187],{},[57,147278,147279],{"className":59,"code":2674,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,147280,147281],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147282,147283],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147284,2674],{"class":117},[1430,147286,1848,147288,147290],{"id":147287},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147289,146072],{}," to join text",[20,147292,4821],{},[57,147294,147296],{"className":59,"code":147295,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147297,147298,147354],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147299,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147301,36161],{"class":72},[66,147303,77],{"class":76},[66,147305,1711],{"class":80},[66,147307,85],{"class":84},[66,147309,134196],{"class":88},[66,147311,85],{"class":84},[66,147313,105],{"class":80},[66,147315,97],{"class":84},[66,147317,12026],{"class":88},[66,147319,85],{"class":84},[66,147321,105],{"class":80},[66,147323,97],{"class":84},[66,147325,63369],{"class":88},[66,147327,85],{"class":84},[66,147329,105],{"class":80},[66,147331,97],{"class":84},[66,147333,60520],{"class":88},[66,147335,85],{"class":84},[66,147337,105],{"class":80},[66,147339,97],{"class":84},[66,147341,60555],{"class":88},[66,147343,85],{"class":84},[66,147345,105],{"class":80},[66,147347,97],{"class":84},[66,147349,76113],{"class":88},[66,147351,85],{"class":84},[66,147353,240],{"class":80},[66,147355,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147357,155],{"class":154},[66,147359,158],{"class":80},[66,147361,146195],{"class":154},[66,147363,158],{"class":80},[66,147365,36214],{"class":137},[66,147367,181],{"class":80},[20,147369,243,147370,60614],{},[15,147371,133520],{},[57,147373,147375],{"className":59,"code":147374,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147376,147377,147433],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147378,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147380,36161],{"class":72},[66,147382,77],{"class":76},[66,147384,1711],{"class":80},[66,147386,85],{"class":84},[66,147388,134196],{"class":88},[66,147390,85],{"class":84},[66,147392,105],{"class":80},[66,147394,97],{"class":84},[66,147396,12026],{"class":88},[66,147398,85],{"class":84},[66,147400,105],{"class":80},[66,147402,97],{"class":84},[66,147404,63369],{"class":88},[66,147406,85],{"class":84},[66,147408,105],{"class":80},[66,147410,97],{"class":84},[66,147412,60520],{"class":88},[66,147414,85],{"class":84},[66,147416,105],{"class":80},[66,147418,97],{"class":84},[66,147420,60555],{"class":88},[66,147422,85],{"class":84},[66,147424,105],{"class":80},[66,147426,97],{"class":84},[66,147428,76113],{"class":88},[66,147430,85],{"class":84},[66,147432,240],{"class":80},[66,147434,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147436,155],{"class":154},[66,147438,158],{"class":80},[66,147440,6565],{"class":84},[66,147442,50],{"class":80},[66,147444,133597],{"class":137},[66,147446,158],{"class":80},[66,147448,36214],{"class":137},[66,147450,181],{"class":80},[20,147452,187],{},[57,147454,147455],{"className":59,"code":134277,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,147456,147457],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147458,147459],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147460,134277],{"class":72},[20,147462,147463,147464,50],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[652,147465,147466],{"href":135358},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[52,147468,147470,147472],{"id":147469},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147471,146072],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147474,147475,147477],{},[15,147476,146072],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1430,147479,1848,147481],{"id":147480},"using-sum",[15,147482,146072],{},[57,147484,147486],{"className":59,"code":147485,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147487,147488,147508,147522],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147489,147490,147492,147494,147496,147498,147500,147502,147504,147506],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147491,1706],{"class":72},[66,147493,77],{"class":76},[66,147495,1711],{"class":80},[66,147497,2803],{"class":117},[66,147499,105],{"class":80},[66,147501,6286],{"class":117},[66,147503,105],{"class":80},[66,147505,54216],{"class":117},[66,147507,240],{"class":80},[66,147509,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518,147520],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147511,41257],{"class":72},[66,147513,77],{"class":76},[66,147515,146125],{"class":154},[66,147517,158],{"class":80},[66,147519,1735],{"class":137},[66,147521,163],{"class":80},[66,147523,147524,147526,147528,147530],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,147525,155],{"class":154},[66,147527,158],{"class":80},[66,147529,41286],{"class":137},[66,147531,163],{"class":80},[1430,147533,147535],{"id":147534},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[57,147537,147539],{"className":59,"code":147538,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147540,147541,147561,147569,147573,147585,147593,147597],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147542,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147544,1706],{"class":72},[66,147546,77],{"class":76},[66,147548,1711],{"class":80},[66,147550,2803],{"class":117},[66,147552,105],{"class":80},[66,147554,6286],{"class":117},[66,147556,105],{"class":80},[66,147558,54216],{"class":117},[66,147560,240],{"class":80},[66,147562,147563,147565,147567],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147564,41257],{"class":72},[66,147566,77],{"class":76},[66,147568,38586],{"class":117},[66,147570,147571],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,147572,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,147574,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,147576,1061],{"class":1060},[66,147578,6679],{"class":72},[66,147580,1067],{"class":1060},[66,147582,4557],{"class":72},[66,147584,1133],{"class":80},[66,147586,147587,147589,147591],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,147588,90190],{"class":72},[66,147590,90193],{"class":76},[66,147592,90196],{"class":72},[66,147594,147595],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,147596,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,147598,147599,147601,147603,147605],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,147600,155],{"class":154},[66,147602,158],{"class":80},[66,147604,41286],{"class":137},[66,147606,163],{"class":80},[20,147608,147609],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147611,2787,147612,147614],{},[15,147613,146072],{}," is often better:",[30,147616,147617,147620,147623],{},[33,147618,147619],{},"Shorter code",[33,147621,147622],{},"Easier to read",[33,147624,147625],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147627,147628],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147630,147631,147634,147637],{},[33,147632,147633],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147635,147636],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147638,147639],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147641,147642,147643,147646,147647,147649],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[652,147644,147645],{"href":40082},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147648,146072],{}," on the filtered result.",[52,147651,1838],{"id":1837},[20,147653,147654,147655,94],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147656,146072],{},[30,147658,147659,147665,147672,147679],{},[33,147660,147661,147662],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147663,147664],{},"sum(5)",[33,147666,147667,147668,147671],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147669,147670],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147673,1848,147674,147676,147677],{},[15,147675,146072],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147678,133520],{},[33,147680,147681],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147683,9168,147684,147686],{},[15,147685,146072],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[57,147688,147690],{"className":59,"code":147689,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147691,147692,147702,147716,147740],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147693,147694,147696,147698,147700],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147695,155],{"class":154},[66,147697,158],{"class":80},[66,147699,5655],{"class":137},[66,147701,163],{"class":80},[66,147703,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,147705,155],{"class":154},[66,147707,158],{"class":80},[66,147709,912],{"class":173},[66,147711,158],{"class":80},[66,147713,5655],{"class":137},[66,147715,181],{"class":80},[66,147717,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,147719,155],{"class":154},[66,147721,199],{"class":80},[66,147723,912],{"class":173},[66,147725,158],{"class":80},[66,147727,2471],{"class":137},[66,147729,3954],{"class":80},[66,147731,4171],{"class":1060},[66,147733,4174],{"class":137},[66,147735,1067],{"class":1060},[66,147737,4179],{"class":137},[66,147739,218],{"class":80},[66,147741,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,147743,155],{"class":154},[66,147745,158],{"class":80},[66,147747,146195],{"class":154},[66,147749,199],{"class":80},[66,147751,2486],{"class":173},[66,147753,158],{"class":80},[66,147755,2471],{"class":137},[66,147757,3954],{"class":80},[66,147759,4171],{"class":1060},[66,147761,4174],{"class":137},[66,147763,1067],{"class":1060},[66,147765,4179],{"class":137},[66,147767,3296],{"class":80},[20,147769,136091],{},[30,147771,147772,147778,147784,147789],{},[33,147773,147774,147777],{},[15,147775,147776],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147779,147780,147783],{},[15,147781,147782],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147785,147786,136113],{},[15,147787,147788],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147790,147791,147794],{},[15,147792,147793],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[52,147796,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,147798,5438,147800,2122],{"id":147799},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147801,146072],{},[20,147803,147804],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1430,147806,5465,147808,147810],{"id":147807},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147809,146072],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147812,30336,147813,3176,147816,147819],{},[15,147814,147815],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147817,147818],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1430,147821,5465,147823,147825],{"id":147822},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147824,146072],{}," work with floats?",[20,147827,147828],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1430,147830,147832,147833,2151],{"id":147831},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147834,146072],{},[20,147836,147837,147838,147840],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147839,36143],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1430,147842,5453,147844,119476,147846,2151],{"id":147843},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147845,146072],{},[15,147847,3302],{},[20,147849,147850],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[52,147852,2183],{"id":2182},[30,147854,147855,147859,147865,147871,147877,147881,147885],{},[33,147856,147857],{},[652,147858,146555],{"href":2717},[33,147860,147861],{},[652,147862,3870,147863,3803],{"href":36266},[15,147864,36269],{},[33,147866,147867],{},[652,147868,3870,147869,3803],{"href":42433},[15,147870,42436],{},[33,147872,147873],{},[652,147874,3870,147875,3803],{"href":42250},[15,147876,47761],{},[33,147878,147879],{},[652,147880,5517],{"href":40082},[33,147882,147883],{},[652,147884,3820],{"href":3260},[33,147886,147887],{},[652,147888,147466],{"href":135358},[2222,147890,147891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":147893},[147894,147895,147897,147898,147899,147901,147909,147915,147922,147928,147929,147941],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":146151,"depth":124,"text":147896},"What sum() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":146329,"depth":124,"text":147900},"Using the start value",{"id":146431,"depth":124,"text":147902,"children":147903},"What sum() can work with",[147904,147905,147906,147908],{"id":40498,"depth":144,"text":40499},{"id":52125,"depth":144,"text":146497},{"id":146558,"depth":144,"text":147907},"Values from range()",{"id":146606,"depth":144,"text":146607},{"id":146680,"depth":124,"text":147910,"children":147911},"What sum() does not work with",[147912,147913,147914],{"id":146691,"depth":144,"text":146692},{"id":146808,"depth":144,"text":146809},{"id":146866,"depth":144,"text":146867},{"id":41578,"depth":124,"text":41579,"children":147916},[147917,147918,147919,147920],{"id":6816,"depth":144,"text":6817},{"id":147002,"depth":144,"text":147003},{"id":147150,"depth":144,"text":147151},{"id":147287,"depth":144,"text":147921},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147469,"depth":124,"text":147923,"children":147924},"sum() vs manual loop",[147925,147927],{"id":147480,"depth":144,"text":147926},"Using sum()",{"id":147534,"depth":144,"text":147535},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":147930},[147931,147933,147935,147937,147939],{"id":147799,"depth":144,"text":147932},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147807,"depth":144,"text":147934},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147822,"depth":144,"text":147936},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147831,"depth":144,"text":147938},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147843,"depth":144,"text":147940},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146064,"description":147942},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147949,"title":147950,"body":147951,"description":149353,"extension":2260,"meta":149354,"navigation":147,"path":149355,"seo":149356,"stem":149357,"__hash__":149358},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147952,"toc":149321},[147953,147959,147965,147968,148031,148037,148042,148046,148063,148077,148081,148101,148115,148117,148210,148212,148226,148228,148231,148320,148322,148330,148339,148341,148345,148366,148368,148460,148462,148483,148485,148489,148503,148505,148579,148581,148600,148604,148607,148630,148632,148743,148750,148758,148760,148766,148769,148812,148815,148838,148846,148850,148925,148931,148956,148963,148966,148969,148973,148978,149066,149074,149078,149081,149106,149110,149171,149175,149224,149234,149236,149241,149244,149250,149253,149257,149261,149267,149270,149278,149286,149288,149318],[10,147954,147956,147957,18],{"id":147955},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147958,57371],{},[20,147960,147961,147964],{},[15,147962,147963],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147966,147967],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[57,147969,147971],{"className":59,"code":147970,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147972,147973,148001,148019],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,147974,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,147976,1706],{"class":72},[66,147978,77],{"class":76},[66,147980,9527],{"class":80},[66,147982,1714],{"class":117},[66,147984,105],{"class":80},[66,147986,1719],{"class":117},[66,147988,105],{"class":80},[66,147990,1719],{"class":117},[66,147992,105],{"class":80},[66,147994,1724],{"class":117},[66,147996,105],{"class":80},[66,147998,1719],{"class":117},[66,148000,163],{"class":80},[66,148002,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,148004,877],{"class":72},[66,148006,77],{"class":76},[66,148008,4557],{"class":72},[66,148010,50],{"class":80},[66,148012,41334],{"class":137},[66,148014,158],{"class":80},[66,148016,2354],{"class":117},[66,148018,163],{"class":80},[66,148020,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,148022,155],{"class":154},[66,148024,158],{"class":80},[66,148026,901],{"class":137},[66,148028,3954],{"class":80},[66,148030,50849],{"class":1945},[20,148032,243,148033,148036],{},[15,148034,148035],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[52,148038,250,148040,253],{"id":148039},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148041,147963],{},[20,148043,148044,94],{},[15,148045,148035],{},[30,148047,148048,148054,148057,148060],{},[33,148049,148050,148051,148053],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148052,2771],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,148055,148056],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,148058,148059],{},"Returns an integer",[33,148061,148062],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148064,148065,148066,148068,148069,3176,148073,50],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148067,57371],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[652,148070,148072],{"href":148071},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[652,148074,148076],{"href":148075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[52,148078,148080],{"id":148079},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[57,148082,148084],{"className":59,"code":148083,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148085,148086],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148087,148088,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148089,148090],{"class":72},"my_tuple",[66,148092,50],{"class":80},[66,148094,41334],{"class":137},[66,148096,158],{"class":80},[66,148098,2771],{"class":137},[66,148100,163],{"class":80},[30,148102,148103,148107,148110],{},[33,148104,148105,57536],{},[15,148106,2771],{},[33,148108,148109],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,148111,148112,148113],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148114,2021],{},[1430,148116,103191],{"id":103190},[57,148118,148120],{"className":59,"code":148119,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148121,148122,148162,148186],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148123,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148125,13356],{"class":72},[66,148127,77],{"class":76},[66,148129,9527],{"class":80},[66,148131,85],{"class":84},[66,148133,13373],{"class":88},[66,148135,85],{"class":84},[66,148137,105],{"class":80},[66,148139,97],{"class":84},[66,148141,13390],{"class":88},[66,148143,85],{"class":84},[66,148145,105],{"class":80},[66,148147,97],{"class":84},[66,148149,13373],{"class":88},[66,148151,85],{"class":84},[66,148153,105],{"class":80},[66,148155,97],{"class":84},[66,148157,17716],{"class":88},[66,148159,85],{"class":84},[66,148161,163],{"class":80},[66,148163,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,148165,155],{"class":154},[66,148167,158],{"class":80},[66,148169,17763],{"class":137},[66,148171,50],{"class":80},[66,148173,41334],{"class":137},[66,148175,158],{"class":80},[66,148177,85],{"class":84},[66,148179,13373],{"class":88},[66,148181,85],{"class":84},[66,148183,5658],{"class":80},[66,148185,57726],{"class":1945},[66,148187,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,148189,155],{"class":154},[66,148191,158],{"class":80},[66,148193,17763],{"class":137},[66,148195,50],{"class":80},[66,148197,41334],{"class":137},[66,148199,158],{"class":80},[66,148201,85],{"class":84},[66,148203,22778],{"class":88},[66,148205,85],{"class":84},[66,148207,5658],{"class":80},[66,148209,51326],{"class":1945},[20,148211,20216],{},[30,148213,148214,148219],{},[33,148215,148216,148218],{},[15,148217,65475],{}," appears 2 times",[33,148220,148221,148223,148224],{},[15,148222,109887],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148225,2021],{},[52,148227,11756],{"id":11755},[20,148229,148230],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[57,148232,148234],{"className":59,"code":148233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148235,148236,148284,148288,148310],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148237,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148239,36310],{"class":72},[66,148241,77],{"class":76},[66,148243,9527],{"class":80},[66,148245,85],{"class":84},[66,148247,4372],{"class":88},[66,148249,85],{"class":84},[66,148251,105],{"class":80},[66,148253,97],{"class":84},[66,148255,4381],{"class":88},[66,148257,85],{"class":84},[66,148259,105],{"class":80},[66,148261,97],{"class":84},[66,148263,4372],{"class":88},[66,148265,85],{"class":84},[66,148267,105],{"class":80},[66,148269,97],{"class":84},[66,148271,33288],{"class":88},[66,148273,85],{"class":84},[66,148275,105],{"class":80},[66,148277,97],{"class":84},[66,148279,4372],{"class":88},[66,148281,85],{"class":84},[66,148283,163],{"class":80},[66,148285,148286],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,148287,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,148289,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,148291,877],{"class":72},[66,148293,77],{"class":76},[66,148295,52931],{"class":72},[66,148297,50],{"class":80},[66,148299,41334],{"class":137},[66,148301,158],{"class":80},[66,148303,85],{"class":84},[66,148305,4372],{"class":88},[66,148307,85],{"class":84},[66,148309,163],{"class":80},[66,148311,148312,148314,148316,148318],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,148313,155],{"class":154},[66,148315,158],{"class":80},[66,148317,901],{"class":137},[66,148319,163],{"class":80},[20,148321,187],{},[57,148323,148324],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,148325,148326],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148327,148328],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148329,46694],{"class":117},[20,148331,148332,148334,148335,2695,148337,50],{},[15,148333,57914],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148336,57371],{},[15,148338,2360],{},[52,148340,38093],{"id":38092},[20,148342,57625,148343,128826],{},[15,148344,57371],{},[30,148346,148347,148352,148357,148360],{},[33,148348,11706,148349,148351],{},[15,148350,2021],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,148353,11706,148354,148356],{},[15,148355,1714],{}," when the value appears once",[33,148358,148359],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,148361,148362,148363,148365],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148364,7291],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148367,281],{},[57,148369,148371],{"className":59,"code":148370,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148372,148373,148414,148418,148445],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148374,148375,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148376,148377],{"class":72},"answers ",[66,148379,77],{"class":76},[66,148381,9527],{"class":80},[66,148383,85],{"class":84},[66,148385,8950],{"class":88},[66,148387,85],{"class":84},[66,148389,105],{"class":80},[66,148391,97],{"class":84},[66,148393,8890],{"class":88},[66,148395,85],{"class":84},[66,148397,105],{"class":80},[66,148399,97],{"class":84},[66,148401,8950],{"class":88},[66,148403,85],{"class":84},[66,148405,105],{"class":80},[66,148407,97],{"class":84},[66,148409,8950],{"class":88},[66,148411,85],{"class":84},[66,148413,163],{"class":80},[66,148415,148416],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,148417,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,148419,148420,148422,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435,148437,148439,148441,148443],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,148421,7291],{"class":1060},[66,148423,148424],{"class":72}," answers",[66,148426,50],{"class":80},[66,148428,41334],{"class":137},[66,148430,158],{"class":80},[66,148432,85],{"class":84},[66,148434,8950],{"class":88},[66,148436,85],{"class":84},[66,148438,3954],{"class":80},[66,148440,38469],{"class":76},[66,148442,1896],{"class":117},[66,148444,1133],{"class":80},[66,148446,148447,148449,148451,148453,148456,148458],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,148448,1081],{"class":154},[66,148450,158],{"class":80},[66,148452,85],{"class":84},[66,148454,148455],{"class":88},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[66,148457,85],{"class":84},[66,148459,163],{"class":80},[20,148461,187],{},[57,148463,148465],{"className":59,"code":148464,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148466,148467],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148468,148469,148472,148474,148476,148478,148481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148470,148471],{"class":72},"The answer ",[66,148473,202],{"class":84},[66,148475,8950],{"class":88},[66,148477,202],{"class":84},[66,148479,148480],{"class":72}," appears more than once",[66,148482,122470],{"class":80},[52,148484,41120],{"id":41119},[20,148486,35475,148487,104654],{},[15,148488,147963],{},[30,148490,148491,148494,148497,148500],{},[33,148492,148493],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,148495,148496],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,148498,148499],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,148501,148502],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148504,281],{},[57,148506,148508],{"className":59,"code":148507,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148509,148510,148538,148542,148564],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148511,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148513,5359],{"class":72},[66,148515,77],{"class":76},[66,148517,9527],{"class":80},[66,148519,2628],{"class":117},[66,148521,105],{"class":80},[66,148523,118],{"class":117},[66,148525,105],{"class":80},[66,148527,6297],{"class":117},[66,148529,105],{"class":80},[66,148531,8088],{"class":117},[66,148533,105],{"class":80},[66,148535,6297],{"class":117},[66,148537,163],{"class":80},[66,148539,148540],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,148541,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,148543,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,148545,7291],{"class":1060},[66,148547,5406],{"class":72},[66,148549,50],{"class":80},[66,148551,41334],{"class":137},[66,148553,158],{"class":80},[66,148555,2628],{"class":117},[66,148557,3954],{"class":80},[66,148559,51367],{"class":76},[66,148561,1719],{"class":117},[66,148563,1133],{"class":80},[66,148565,148566,148568,148570,148572,148575,148577],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,148567,1081],{"class":154},[66,148569,158],{"class":80},[66,148571,85],{"class":84},[66,148573,148574],{"class":88},"The score 10 is repeated.",[66,148576,85],{"class":84},[66,148578,163],{"class":80},[20,148580,187],{},[57,148582,148584],{"className":59,"code":148583,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148585,148586],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148587,148588,148591,148593,148595,148598],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148589,148590],{"class":72},"The score ",[66,148592,2628],{"class":117},[66,148594,8389],{"class":76},[66,148596,148597],{"class":72}," repeated",[66,148599,122470],{"class":80},[52,148601,148603],{"id":148602},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148605,148606],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,148608,148609,148615,148620,148623],{},[33,148610,148611,148612,148614],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148613,57371],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,148616,148617,148619],{},[15,148618,57371],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148621,148622],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148624,148625,4688,148627,148629],{},[15,148626,1714],{},[15,148628,42233],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148631,281],{},[57,148633,148635],{"className":59,"code":148634,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148636,148637,148671,148675,148695,148719],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148638,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148652,148654,148656,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148640,4116],{"class":72},[66,148642,77],{"class":76},[66,148644,9527],{"class":80},[66,148646,1714],{"class":117},[66,148648,105],{"class":80},[66,148650,148651],{"class":117}," 1.0",[66,148653,105],{"class":80},[66,148655,97],{"class":84},[66,148657,148658],{"class":88},"Cat",[66,148660,85],{"class":84},[66,148662,105],{"class":80},[66,148664,97],{"class":84},[66,148666,37119],{"class":88},[66,148668,85],{"class":84},[66,148670,163],{"class":80},[66,148672,148673],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,148674,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,148676,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,148678,155],{"class":154},[66,148680,158],{"class":80},[66,148682,5655],{"class":137},[66,148684,50],{"class":80},[66,148686,41334],{"class":137},[66,148688,158],{"class":80},[66,148690,1714],{"class":117},[66,148692,5658],{"class":80},[66,148694,51173],{"class":1945},[66,148696,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,148698,155],{"class":154},[66,148700,158],{"class":80},[66,148702,5655],{"class":137},[66,148704,50],{"class":80},[66,148706,41334],{"class":137},[66,148708,158],{"class":80},[66,148710,85],{"class":84},[66,148712,148658],{"class":88},[66,148714,85],{"class":84},[66,148716,5658],{"class":80},[66,148718,27844],{"class":1945},[66,148720,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,148722,155],{"class":154},[66,148724,158],{"class":80},[66,148726,5655],{"class":137},[66,148728,50],{"class":80},[66,148730,41334],{"class":137},[66,148732,158],{"class":80},[66,148734,85],{"class":84},[66,148736,37119],{"class":88},[66,148738,85],{"class":84},[66,148740,5658],{"class":80},[66,148742,27844],{"class":1945},[20,148744,5453,148745,5456,148748,2151],{},[15,148746,148747],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148749,2354],{},[20,148751,9078,148752,5079,148755,148757],{},[15,148753,148754],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148756,1386],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[52,148759,1838],{"id":1837},[1430,148761,1848,148763,148765],{"id":148762},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148764,41334],{}," without parentheses",[20,148767,148768],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[57,148770,148772],{"className":59,"code":148771,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148773,148774,148798],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148775,148776,148778,148780,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148777,1706],{"class":72},[66,148779,77],{"class":76},[66,148781,9527],{"class":80},[66,148783,1714],{"class":117},[66,148785,105],{"class":80},[66,148787,1719],{"class":117},[66,148789,105],{"class":80},[66,148791,1719],{"class":117},[66,148793,105],{"class":80},[66,148795,1724],{"class":117},[66,148797,163],{"class":80},[66,148799,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,148801,155],{"class":154},[66,148803,158],{"class":80},[66,148805,1735],{"class":137},[66,148807,50],{"class":80},[66,148809,41334],{"class":784},[66,148811,163],{"class":80},[20,148813,148814],{},"To call the method correctly:",[57,148816,148818],{"className":59,"code":148817,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148819,148820],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148821,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148823,155],{"class":154},[66,148825,158],{"class":80},[66,148827,1735],{"class":137},[66,148829,50],{"class":80},[66,148831,41334],{"class":137},[66,148833,158],{"class":80},[66,148835,2354],{"class":117},[66,148837,181],{"class":80},[1430,148839,1433,148840,8748,148842,3176,148844],{"id":58674},[15,148841,57371],{},[15,148843,1386],{},[15,148845,3967],{},[20,148847,148848,58685],{},[15,148849,57371],{},[57,148851,148853],{"className":59,"code":148852,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148854,148855,148887,148909,148913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148856,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148858,36161],{"class":72},[66,148860,77],{"class":76},[66,148862,9527],{"class":80},[66,148864,85],{"class":84},[66,148866,652],{"class":88},[66,148868,85],{"class":84},[66,148870,105],{"class":80},[66,148872,97],{"class":84},[66,148874,1903],{"class":88},[66,148876,85],{"class":84},[66,148878,105],{"class":80},[66,148880,97],{"class":84},[66,148882,652],{"class":88},[66,148884,85],{"class":84},[66,148886,163],{"class":80},[66,148888,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,148890,877],{"class":72},[66,148892,77],{"class":76},[66,148894,70179],{"class":72},[66,148896,50],{"class":80},[66,148898,41334],{"class":137},[66,148900,158],{"class":80},[66,148902,85],{"class":84},[66,148904,652],{"class":88},[66,148906,85],{"class":84},[66,148908,163],{"class":80},[66,148910,148911],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,148912,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,148914,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,148916,155],{"class":154},[66,148918,158],{"class":80},[66,148920,901],{"class":137},[66,148922,3954],{"class":80},[66,148924,51494],{"class":1945},[20,148926,148927,148928,148930],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148929,1067],{}," is often simpler:",[57,148932,148934],{"className":59,"code":148933,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148935,148936],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148937,148938,148940,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148939,155],{"class":154},[66,148941,158],{"class":80},[66,148943,85],{"class":84},[66,148945,652],{"class":88},[66,148947,85],{"class":84},[66,148949,1372],{"class":1060},[66,148951,70179],{"class":137},[66,148953,3954],{"class":80},[66,148955,3957],{"class":1945},[1430,148957,37276,148959,8997,148961],{"id":148958},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148960,147963],{},[15,148962,57376],{},[20,148964,148965],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148967,148968],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1430,148970,148972],{"id":148971},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148974,148975,148977],{},[15,148976,57371],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[57,148979,148981],{"className":59,"code":148980,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148982,148983,149016,149042],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,148984,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993,148995,148997,148999,149001,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,148986,4363],{"class":72},[66,148988,77],{"class":76},[66,148990,9527],{"class":80},[66,148992,85],{"class":84},[66,148994,4372],{"class":88},[66,148996,85],{"class":84},[66,148998,105],{"class":80},[66,149000,97],{"class":84},[66,149002,149003],{"class":88},"pineapple",[66,149005,85],{"class":84},[66,149007,105],{"class":80},[66,149009,97],{"class":84},[66,149011,4372],{"class":88},[66,149013,85],{"class":84},[66,149015,163],{"class":80},[66,149017,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149035,149037,149039],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149019,155],{"class":154},[66,149021,158],{"class":80},[66,149023,4407],{"class":137},[66,149025,50],{"class":80},[66,149027,41334],{"class":137},[66,149029,158],{"class":80},[66,149031,85],{"class":84},[66,149033,149034],{"class":88},"app",[66,149036,85],{"class":84},[66,149038,5658],{"class":80},[66,149040,149041],{"class":1945},"    # 0\n",[66,149043,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,149045,155],{"class":154},[66,149047,158],{"class":80},[66,149049,4407],{"class":137},[66,149051,50],{"class":80},[66,149053,41334],{"class":137},[66,149055,158],{"class":80},[66,149057,85],{"class":84},[66,149059,4372],{"class":88},[66,149061,85],{"class":84},[66,149063,5658],{"class":80},[66,149065,51494],{"class":1945},[20,149067,149068,149071,149072,50],{},[15,149069,149070],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149073,2021],{},[52,149075,149077],{"id":149076},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149079,149080],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,149082,149083,149088,149097,149103],{},[33,149084,243,149085,149087],{},[15,149086,1067],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,149089,243,149090,149096],{},[652,149091,149093,149094],{"href":149092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149095,59049],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,149098,243,149099,149102],{},[15,149100,149101],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,149104,149105],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149107,46117,149108,94],{},[15,149109,1067],{},[57,149111,149113],{"className":59,"code":149112,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149114,149115,149135,149139,149155],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149116,149117,149119,149121,149123,149125,149127,149129,149131,149133],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149118,1706],{"class":72},[66,149120,77],{"class":76},[66,149122,9527],{"class":80},[66,149124,2803],{"class":117},[66,149126,105],{"class":80},[66,149128,6286],{"class":117},[66,149130,105],{"class":80},[66,149132,54216],{"class":117},[66,149134,163],{"class":80},[66,149136,149137],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149138,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,149140,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,149142,155],{"class":154},[66,149144,158],{"class":80},[66,149146,2322],{"class":117},[66,149148,1372],{"class":1060},[66,149150,4557],{"class":137},[66,149152,3954],{"class":80},[66,149154,43931],{"class":1945},[66,149156,149157,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,149158,155],{"class":154},[66,149160,158],{"class":80},[66,149162,2433],{"class":117},[66,149164,1372],{"class":1060},[66,149166,4557],{"class":137},[66,149168,3954],{"class":80},[66,149170,43948],{"class":1945},[20,149172,46117,149173,94],{},[15,149174,59049],{},[57,149176,149178],{"className":59,"code":149177,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149179,149180,149204],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149181,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198,149200,149202],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149183,1706],{"class":72},[66,149185,77],{"class":76},[66,149187,9527],{"class":80},[66,149189,2803],{"class":117},[66,149191,105],{"class":80},[66,149193,6286],{"class":117},[66,149195,105],{"class":80},[66,149197,54216],{"class":117},[66,149199,105],{"class":80},[66,149201,6286],{"class":117},[66,149203,163],{"class":80},[66,149205,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149207,155],{"class":154},[66,149209,158],{"class":80},[66,149211,1735],{"class":137},[66,149213,50],{"class":80},[66,149215,35916],{"class":137},[66,149217,158],{"class":80},[66,149219,2322],{"class":117},[66,149221,5658],{"class":80},[66,149223,27844],{"class":1945},[20,149225,149226,149228,149229,149231,149233],{},[15,149227,57371],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10134,149230],{},[15,149232,59049],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[52,149235,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,149237,5438,149239,2122],{"id":149238},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149240,147963],{},[20,149242,149243],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1430,149245,12986,149247,149249],{"id":149246},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149248,147963],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149251,149252],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1430,149254,149256],{"id":149255},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149258,12192,149259,50],{},[15,149260,2021],{},[1430,149262,5465,149264,149266],{"id":149263},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149265,147963],{}," count strings?",[20,149268,149269],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1430,149271,5475,149273,4688,149275,2151],{"id":149272},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149274,147963],{},[15,149276,149277],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149279,149280,149282,149283,149285],{},[15,149281,57371],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149284,59049],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[52,149287,2183],{"id":2182},[30,149289,149290,149294,149299,149306,149314],{},[33,149291,149292],{},[652,149293,148072],{"href":148071},[33,149295,149296],{},[652,149297,149298],{"href":148075},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,149300,149301],{},[652,149302,149303,149304,978],{"href":149092},"Python tuple ",[15,149305,59049],{},[33,149307,149308],{},[652,149309,149311,149312],{"href":149310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149313,42436],{},[33,149315,149316],{},[652,149317,59037],{"href":59036},[2222,149319,149320],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":149322},[149323,149325,149328,149329,149330,149331,149332,149340,149341,149352],{"id":148039,"depth":124,"text":149324},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148079,"depth":124,"text":148080,"children":149326},[149327],{"id":103190,"depth":144,"text":103191},{"id":11755,"depth":124,"text":11756},{"id":38092,"depth":124,"text":38093},{"id":41119,"depth":124,"text":41120},{"id":148602,"depth":124,"text":148603},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":149333},[149334,149336,149337,149339],{"id":148762,"depth":144,"text":149335},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58674,"depth":144,"text":59090},{"id":148958,"depth":144,"text":149338},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148971,"depth":144,"text":148972},{"id":149076,"depth":124,"text":149077},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":149342},[149343,149345,149347,149348,149350],{"id":149238,"depth":144,"text":149344},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149246,"depth":144,"text":149346},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149255,"depth":144,"text":149256},{"id":149263,"depth":144,"text":149349},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149272,"depth":144,"text":149351},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147950,"description":149353},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149360,"title":149361,"body":149362,"description":151049,"extension":2260,"meta":151050,"navigation":147,"path":151051,"seo":151052,"stem":151053,"__hash__":151054},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149363,"toc":151012},[149364,149367,149370,149379,149381,149511,149513,149574,149580,149582,149602,149606,149609,149612,149647,149649,149670,149673,149712,149714,149739,149746,149750,149753,149790,149792,149815,149818,149821,149833,149839,149843,149846,149852,149893,149895,149918,149921,149962,149964,149991,149993,150010,150012,150029,150032,150036,150039,150041,150075,150077,150124,150128,150167,150171,150174,150231,150233,150274,150280,150286,150291,150293,150330,150332,150352,150354,150387,150389,150422,150425,150429,150462,150464,150489,150492,150494,150508,150515,150517,150520,150524,150527,150562,150565,150600,150604,150607,150646,150649,150688,150692,150694,150724,150727,150734,150736,150768,150771,150803,150806,150837,150839,150856,150860,150863,150927,150929,150933,150940,150944,150947,150951,150954,150958,150961,150966,150972,150974,151009],[10,149365,149361],{"id":149366},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149368,149369],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149371,149372,149373,3176,149377,50],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[652,149374,149376],{"href":149375},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[652,149378,148072],{"href":148071},[52,149380,55],{"id":54},[57,149382,149384],{"className":59,"code":149383,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149385,149386,149406,149415,149429,149465,149469,149479,149489,149500],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149387,149388,149390,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149389,1706],{"class":72},[66,149391,77],{"class":76},[66,149393,9527],{"class":80},[66,149395,1714],{"class":117},[66,149397,105],{"class":80},[66,149399,1719],{"class":117},[66,149401,105],{"class":80},[66,149403,1724],{"class":117},[66,149405,163],{"class":80},[66,149407,149408,149410,149412],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149409,124936],{"class":72},[66,149411,77],{"class":76},[66,149413,149414],{"class":80}," ()\n",[66,149416,149417,149420,149422,149424,149426],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,149418,149419],{"class":72},"one_item ",[66,149421,77],{"class":76},[66,149423,9527],{"class":80},[66,149425,2433],{"class":117},[66,149427,149428],{"class":80},",)\n",[66,149430,149431,149434,149436,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,149432,149433],{"class":72},"from_list ",[66,149435,77],{"class":76},[66,149437,149438],{"class":173}," tuple",[66,149440,199],{"class":80},[66,149442,85],{"class":84},[66,149444,652],{"class":88},[66,149446,85],{"class":84},[66,149448,105],{"class":80},[66,149450,97],{"class":84},[66,149452,1903],{"class":88},[66,149454,85],{"class":84},[66,149456,105],{"class":80},[66,149458,97],{"class":84},[66,149460,10027],{"class":88},[66,149462,85],{"class":84},[66,149464,218],{"class":80},[66,149466,149467],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,149468,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,149470,149471,149473,149475,149477],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,149472,155],{"class":154},[66,149474,158],{"class":80},[66,149476,1735],{"class":137},[66,149478,163],{"class":80},[66,149480,149481,149483,149485,149487],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,149482,155],{"class":154},[66,149484,158],{"class":80},[66,149486,124987],{"class":137},[66,149488,163],{"class":80},[66,149490,149491,149493,149495,149498],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,149492,155],{"class":154},[66,149494,158],{"class":80},[66,149496,149497],{"class":137},"one_item",[66,149499,163],{"class":80},[66,149501,149502,149504,149506,149509],{"class":68,"line":6724},[66,149503,155],{"class":154},[66,149505,158],{"class":80},[66,149507,149508],{"class":137},"from_list",[66,149510,163],{"class":80},[20,149512,187],{},[57,149514,149516],{"className":59,"code":149515,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149517,149518,149534,149538,149546],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149519,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149521,158],{"class":80},[66,149523,1714],{"class":117},[66,149525,105],{"class":80},[66,149527,1719],{"class":117},[66,149529,105],{"class":80},[66,149531,1724],{"class":117},[66,149533,163],{"class":80},[66,149535,149536],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149537,141],{"class":80},[66,149539,149540,149542,149544],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,149541,158],{"class":80},[66,149543,2433],{"class":117},[66,149545,149428],{"class":80},[66,149547,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,149549,158],{"class":80},[66,149551,202],{"class":84},[66,149553,652],{"class":88},[66,149555,202],{"class":84},[66,149557,105],{"class":80},[66,149559,211],{"class":84},[66,149561,1903],{"class":88},[66,149563,202],{"class":84},[66,149565,105],{"class":80},[66,149567,211],{"class":84},[66,149569,10027],{"class":88},[66,149571,202],{"class":84},[66,149573,163],{"class":80},[20,149575,149576,149577,50],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149578,149579],{},"(5,)",[52,149581,15437],{"id":15436},[30,149583,149584,149587,149590,149593,149596,149599],{},[33,149585,149586],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,149588,149589],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,149591,149592],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,149594,149595],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,149597,149598],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,149600,149601],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[52,149603,149605],{"id":149604},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149607,149608],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149610,149611],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[57,149613,149615],{"className":59,"code":149614,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149616,149617,149637],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149618,149619,149621,149623,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149620,1706],{"class":72},[66,149622,77],{"class":76},[66,149624,9527],{"class":80},[66,149626,1714],{"class":117},[66,149628,105],{"class":80},[66,149630,1719],{"class":117},[66,149632,105],{"class":80},[66,149634,1724],{"class":117},[66,149636,163],{"class":80},[66,149638,149639,149641,149643,149645],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149640,155],{"class":154},[66,149642,158],{"class":80},[66,149644,1735],{"class":137},[66,149646,163],{"class":80},[20,149648,187],{},[57,149650,149652],{"className":59,"code":149651,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149653,149654],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149655,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664,149666,149668],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149657,158],{"class":80},[66,149659,1714],{"class":117},[66,149661,105],{"class":80},[66,149663,1719],{"class":117},[66,149665,105],{"class":80},[66,149667,1724],{"class":117},[66,149669,163],{"class":80},[20,149671,149672],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[57,149674,149676],{"className":59,"code":149675,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149677,149678,149702],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149679,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149681,472],{"class":72},[66,149683,77],{"class":76},[66,149685,9527],{"class":80},[66,149687,1714],{"class":117},[66,149689,105],{"class":80},[66,149691,97],{"class":84},[66,149693,4372],{"class":88},[66,149695,85],{"class":84},[66,149697,105],{"class":80},[66,149699,4208],{"class":4146},[66,149701,163],{"class":80},[66,149703,149704,149706,149708,149710],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149705,155],{"class":154},[66,149707,158],{"class":80},[66,149709,535],{"class":137},[66,149711,163],{"class":80},[20,149713,187],{},[57,149715,149717],{"className":59,"code":149716,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149718,149719],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149720,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733,149735,149737],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149722,158],{"class":80},[66,149724,1714],{"class":117},[66,149726,105],{"class":80},[66,149728,211],{"class":84},[66,149730,4372],{"class":88},[66,149732,202],{"class":84},[66,149734,105],{"class":80},[66,149736,4208],{"class":4146},[66,149738,163],{"class":80},[20,149740,149741,149742,50],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[652,149743,149745],{"href":149744},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[52,149747,149749],{"id":149748},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149751,149752],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[57,149754,149756],{"className":59,"code":149755,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149757,149758,149766,149776],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149759,149760,149762,149764],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149761,124936],{"class":72},[66,149763,77],{"class":76},[66,149765,149414],{"class":80},[66,149767,149768,149770,149772,149774],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149769,155],{"class":154},[66,149771,158],{"class":80},[66,149773,124987],{"class":137},[66,149775,163],{"class":80},[66,149777,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,149779,155],{"class":154},[66,149781,158],{"class":80},[66,149783,912],{"class":173},[66,149785,158],{"class":80},[66,149787,124987],{"class":137},[66,149789,181],{"class":80},[20,149791,187],{},[57,149793,149795],{"className":59,"code":149794,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149796,149797,149801],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149798,149799],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149800,141],{"class":80},[66,149802,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149804,954],{"class":76},[66,149806,958],{"class":957},[66,149808,211],{"class":84},[66,149810,49031],{"class":88},[66,149812,202],{"class":84},[66,149814,967],{"class":76},[20,149816,149817],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149819,149820],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149822,149823,149828],{},[33,149824,149825,149826],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149827,7659],{},[33,149829,149830,149831],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149832,4080],{},[20,149834,149835,149836,50],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[652,149837,149838],{"href":57234},"Python list: creating a list",[52,149840,149842],{"id":149841},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149844,149845],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149847,149848,149849,149851],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[185,149850,4926],{}," automatically a tuple:",[57,149853,149855],{"className":59,"code":149854,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149856,149857,149869,149879],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149858,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149860,2745],{"class":72},[66,149862,77],{"class":76},[66,149864,9527],{"class":80},[66,149866,2433],{"class":117},[66,149868,163],{"class":80},[66,149870,149871,149873,149875,149877],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149872,155],{"class":154},[66,149874,158],{"class":80},[66,149876,2771],{"class":137},[66,149878,163],{"class":80},[66,149880,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,149882,155],{"class":154},[66,149884,158],{"class":80},[66,149886,912],{"class":173},[66,149888,158],{"class":80},[66,149890,2771],{"class":137},[66,149892,181],{"class":80},[20,149894,187],{},[57,149896,149898],{"className":59,"code":149897,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149899,149900,149904],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149901,149902],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149903,3245],{"class":117},[66,149905,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149907,954],{"class":76},[66,149909,958],{"class":957},[66,149911,211],{"class":84},[66,149913,2486],{"class":88},[66,149915,202],{"class":84},[66,149917,967],{"class":76},[20,149919,149920],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[57,149922,149924],{"className":59,"code":149923,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149925,149926,149938,149948],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149927,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149929,149419],{"class":72},[66,149931,77],{"class":76},[66,149933,9527],{"class":80},[66,149935,2433],{"class":117},[66,149937,149428],{"class":80},[66,149939,149940,149942,149944,149946],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149941,155],{"class":154},[66,149943,158],{"class":80},[66,149945,149497],{"class":137},[66,149947,163],{"class":80},[66,149949,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,149951,155],{"class":154},[66,149953,158],{"class":80},[66,149955,912],{"class":173},[66,149957,158],{"class":80},[66,149959,149497],{"class":137},[66,149961,181],{"class":80},[20,149963,187],{},[57,149965,149967],{"className":59,"code":149966,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149968,149969,149977],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149970,149971,149973,149975],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,149972,158],{"class":80},[66,149974,2433],{"class":117},[66,149976,149428],{"class":80},[66,149978,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,149980,954],{"class":76},[66,149982,958],{"class":957},[66,149984,211],{"class":84},[66,149986,49031],{"class":88},[66,149988,202],{"class":84},[66,149990,967],{"class":76},[20,149992,695],{},[57,149994,149996],{"className":59,"code":149995,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149997,149998],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,149999,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150001,158],{"class":80},[66,150003,85],{"class":84},[66,150005,4372],{"class":88},[66,150007,85],{"class":84},[66,150009,149428],{"class":80},[20,150011,16918],{},[57,150013,150015],{"className":59,"code":150014,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150016,150017],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150018,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150020,158],{"class":80},[66,150022,85],{"class":84},[66,150024,4372],{"class":88},[66,150026,85],{"class":84},[66,150028,163],{"class":80},[20,150030,150031],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[52,150033,150035],{"id":150034},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150037,150038],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1430,150040,56542],{"id":1735},[57,150042,150043],{"className":59,"code":149614,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,150044,150045,150065],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150046,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150048,1706],{"class":72},[66,150050,77],{"class":76},[66,150052,9527],{"class":80},[66,150054,1714],{"class":117},[66,150056,105],{"class":80},[66,150058,1719],{"class":117},[66,150060,105],{"class":80},[66,150062,1724],{"class":117},[66,150064,163],{"class":80},[66,150066,150067,150069,150071,150073],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150068,155],{"class":154},[66,150070,158],{"class":80},[66,150072,1735],{"class":137},[66,150074,163],{"class":80},[1430,150076,56545],{"id":5605},[57,150078,150080],{"className":59,"code":150079,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150081,150082,150114],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150083,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150085,13356],{"class":72},[66,150087,77],{"class":76},[66,150089,9527],{"class":80},[66,150091,85],{"class":84},[66,150093,13373],{"class":88},[66,150095,85],{"class":84},[66,150097,105],{"class":80},[66,150099,97],{"class":84},[66,150101,17716],{"class":88},[66,150103,85],{"class":84},[66,150105,105],{"class":80},[66,150107,97],{"class":84},[66,150109,13390],{"class":88},[66,150111,85],{"class":84},[66,150113,163],{"class":80},[66,150115,150116,150118,150120,150122],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150117,155],{"class":154},[66,150119,158],{"class":80},[66,150121,17763],{"class":137},[66,150123,163],{"class":80},[1430,150125,150127],{"id":150126},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[57,150129,150131],{"className":59,"code":150130,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150132,150133,150157],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150134,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150136,59554],{"class":72},[66,150138,77],{"class":76},[66,150140,9527],{"class":80},[66,150142,1714],{"class":117},[66,150144,105],{"class":80},[66,150146,97],{"class":84},[66,150148,4372],{"class":88},[66,150150,85],{"class":84},[66,150152,105],{"class":80},[66,150154,4208],{"class":4146},[66,150156,163],{"class":80},[66,150158,150159,150161,150163,150165],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150160,155],{"class":154},[66,150162,158],{"class":80},[66,150164,59607],{"class":137},[66,150166,163],{"class":80},[1430,150168,150170],{"id":150169},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150172,150173],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[57,150175,150177],{"className":59,"code":150176,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150178,150179,150220],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150180,150181,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150182,150183],{"class":72},"nested ",[66,150185,77],{"class":76},[66,150187,9527],{"class":80},[66,150189,1714],{"class":117},[66,150191,105],{"class":80},[66,150193,9527],{"class":80},[66,150195,85],{"class":84},[66,150197,652],{"class":88},[66,150199,85],{"class":84},[66,150201,105],{"class":80},[66,150203,97],{"class":84},[66,150205,1903],{"class":88},[66,150207,85],{"class":84},[66,150209,9524],{"class":80},[66,150211,1711],{"class":80},[66,150213,2628],{"class":117},[66,150215,105],{"class":80},[66,150217,118],{"class":117},[66,150219,218],{"class":80},[66,150221,150222,150224,150226,150229],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150223,155],{"class":154},[66,150225,158],{"class":80},[66,150227,150228],{"class":137},"nested",[66,150230,163],{"class":80},[20,150232,187],{},[57,150234,150236],{"className":59,"code":150235,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150237,150238],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150239,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150241,158],{"class":80},[66,150243,1714],{"class":117},[66,150245,105],{"class":80},[66,150247,9527],{"class":80},[66,150249,202],{"class":84},[66,150251,652],{"class":88},[66,150253,202],{"class":84},[66,150255,105],{"class":80},[66,150257,211],{"class":84},[66,150259,1903],{"class":88},[66,150261,202],{"class":84},[66,150263,9524],{"class":80},[66,150265,1711],{"class":80},[66,150267,2628],{"class":117},[66,150269,105],{"class":80},[66,150271,118],{"class":117},[66,150273,218],{"class":80},[52,150275,150277,150278],{"id":150276},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150279,38119],{},[20,150281,150282,150283,150285],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150284,38119],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150287,150288,150289,50],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[652,150290,63300],{"href":63299},[1430,150292,105331],{"id":105330},[57,150294,150296],{"className":59,"code":150295,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150297,150298,150320],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150299,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150301,1706],{"class":72},[66,150303,77],{"class":76},[66,150305,149438],{"class":173},[66,150307,199],{"class":80},[66,150309,1714],{"class":117},[66,150311,105],{"class":80},[66,150313,1719],{"class":117},[66,150315,105],{"class":80},[66,150317,1724],{"class":117},[66,150319,218],{"class":80},[66,150321,150322,150324,150326,150328],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150323,155],{"class":154},[66,150325,158],{"class":80},[66,150327,1735],{"class":137},[66,150329,163],{"class":80},[20,150331,187],{},[57,150333,150334],{"className":59,"code":149651,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,150335,150336],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150337,150338,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150339,158],{"class":80},[66,150341,1714],{"class":117},[66,150343,105],{"class":80},[66,150345,1719],{"class":117},[66,150347,105],{"class":80},[66,150349,1724],{"class":117},[66,150351,163],{"class":80},[1430,150353,105517],{"id":105516},[57,150355,150357],{"className":59,"code":150356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150358,150359,150377],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150360,150361,150363,150365,150367,150369,150371,150373,150375],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150362,36161],{"class":72},[66,150364,77],{"class":76},[66,150366,149438],{"class":173},[66,150368,158],{"class":80},[66,150370,85],{"class":84},[66,150372,41635],{"class":88},[66,150374,85],{"class":84},[66,150376,163],{"class":80},[66,150378,150379,150381,150383,150385],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150380,155],{"class":154},[66,150382,158],{"class":80},[66,150384,36214],{"class":137},[66,150386,163],{"class":80},[20,150388,187],{},[57,150390,150392],{"className":59,"code":150391,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150393,150394],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150395,150396,150398,150400,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150397,158],{"class":80},[66,150399,202],{"class":84},[66,150401,652],{"class":88},[66,150403,202],{"class":84},[66,150405,105],{"class":80},[66,150407,211],{"class":84},[66,150409,1903],{"class":88},[66,150411,202],{"class":84},[66,150413,105],{"class":80},[66,150415,211],{"class":84},[66,150417,10027],{"class":88},[66,150419,202],{"class":84},[66,150421,163],{"class":80},[20,150423,150424],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1430,150426,150428],{"id":150427},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[57,150430,150432],{"className":59,"code":150431,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150433,150434,150452],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150435,150436,150438,150440,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150437,4116],{"class":72},[66,150439,77],{"class":76},[66,150441,149438],{"class":173},[66,150443,158],{"class":80},[66,150445,60080],{"class":154},[66,150447,158],{"class":80},[66,150449,2803],{"class":117},[66,150451,181],{"class":80},[66,150453,150454,150456,150458,150460],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150455,155],{"class":154},[66,150457,158],{"class":80},[66,150459,5655],{"class":137},[66,150461,163],{"class":80},[20,150463,187],{},[57,150465,150467],{"className":59,"code":150466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150468,150469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150470,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481,150483,150485,150487],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150472,158],{"class":80},[66,150474,2021],{"class":117},[66,150476,105],{"class":80},[66,150478,1896],{"class":117},[66,150480,105],{"class":80},[66,150482,1719],{"class":117},[66,150484,105],{"class":80},[66,150486,1724],{"class":117},[66,150488,163],{"class":80},[20,150490,150491],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[52,150493,21060],{"id":21059},[30,150495,150496,150499,150502,150505],{},[33,150497,150498],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,150500,150501],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,150503,150504],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,150506,150507],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150509,150510,150511,50],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[652,150512,150514],{"href":150513},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[52,150516,1838],{"id":1837},[20,150518,150519],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1430,150521,150523],{"id":150522},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150525,150526],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[57,150528,150530],{"className":59,"code":150529,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150531,150532,150548],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150533,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150535,28603],{"class":72},[66,150537,77],{"class":76},[66,150539,9527],{"class":80},[66,150541,85],{"class":84},[66,150543,4372],{"class":88},[66,150545,85],{"class":84},[66,150547,163],{"class":80},[66,150549,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150551,155],{"class":154},[66,150553,158],{"class":80},[66,150555,912],{"class":173},[66,150557,158],{"class":80},[66,150559,23563],{"class":137},[66,150561,181],{"class":80},[20,150563,150564],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[57,150566,150568],{"className":59,"code":150567,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150569,150570,150586],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150571,150572,150574,150576,150578,150580,150582,150584],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150573,28603],{"class":72},[66,150575,77],{"class":76},[66,150577,9527],{"class":80},[66,150579,85],{"class":84},[66,150581,4372],{"class":88},[66,150583,85],{"class":84},[66,150585,149428],{"class":80},[66,150587,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150589,155],{"class":154},[66,150591,158],{"class":80},[66,150593,912],{"class":173},[66,150595,158],{"class":80},[66,150597,23563],{"class":137},[66,150599,181],{"class":80},[1430,150601,150603],{"id":150602},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150605,150606],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[57,150608,150610],{"className":59,"code":150609,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150611,150612,150632],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150613,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622,150624,150626,150628,150630],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150615,4116],{"class":72},[66,150617,77],{"class":76},[66,150619,1711],{"class":80},[66,150621,1714],{"class":117},[66,150623,105],{"class":80},[66,150625,1719],{"class":117},[66,150627,105],{"class":80},[66,150629,1724],{"class":117},[66,150631,240],{"class":80},[66,150633,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150635,155],{"class":154},[66,150637,158],{"class":80},[66,150639,912],{"class":173},[66,150641,158],{"class":80},[66,150643,5655],{"class":137},[66,150645,181],{"class":80},[20,150647,150648],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[57,150650,150652],{"className":59,"code":150651,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150653,150654,150674],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150655,150656,150658,150660,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150657,4116],{"class":72},[66,150659,77],{"class":76},[66,150661,9527],{"class":80},[66,150663,1714],{"class":117},[66,150665,105],{"class":80},[66,150667,1719],{"class":117},[66,150669,105],{"class":80},[66,150671,1724],{"class":117},[66,150673,163],{"class":80},[66,150675,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150677,155],{"class":154},[66,150679,158],{"class":80},[66,150681,912],{"class":173},[66,150683,158],{"class":80},[66,150685,5655],{"class":137},[66,150687,181],{"class":80},[1430,150689,150691],{"id":150690},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150693,150504],{},[57,150695,150697],{"className":59,"code":150696,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150698,150699,150719],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150700,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150702,1706],{"class":72},[66,150704,77],{"class":76},[66,150706,9527],{"class":80},[66,150708,1714],{"class":117},[66,150710,105],{"class":80},[66,150712,1719],{"class":117},[66,150714,105],{"class":80},[66,150716,1724],{"class":117},[66,150718,163],{"class":80},[66,150720,150721],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150722,150723],{"class":1945},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150725,150726],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1430,150728,37276,150730,150733],{"id":150729},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150731,150732],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150735,64726],{},[57,150737,150738],{"className":59,"code":150356,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,150739,150740,150758],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150741,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754,150756],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150743,36161],{"class":72},[66,150745,77],{"class":76},[66,150747,149438],{"class":173},[66,150749,158],{"class":80},[66,150751,85],{"class":84},[66,150753,41635],{"class":88},[66,150755,85],{"class":84},[66,150757,163],{"class":80},[66,150759,150760,150762,150764,150766],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150761,155],{"class":154},[66,150763,158],{"class":80},[66,150765,36214],{"class":137},[66,150767,163],{"class":80},[20,150769,150770],{},"gives:",[57,150772,150773],{"className":59,"code":150391,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,150774,150775],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150776,150777,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793,150795,150797,150799,150801],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150778,158],{"class":80},[66,150780,202],{"class":84},[66,150782,652],{"class":88},[66,150784,202],{"class":84},[66,150786,105],{"class":80},[66,150788,211],{"class":84},[66,150790,1903],{"class":88},[66,150792,202],{"class":84},[66,150794,105],{"class":80},[66,150796,211],{"class":84},[66,150798,10027],{"class":88},[66,150800,202],{"class":84},[66,150802,163],{"class":80},[20,150804,150805],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[57,150807,150809],{"className":59,"code":150808,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150810,150811,150827],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150812,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150814,6447],{"class":72},[66,150816,77],{"class":76},[66,150818,9527],{"class":80},[66,150820,85],{"class":84},[66,150822,41635],{"class":88},[66,150824,85],{"class":84},[66,150826,149428],{"class":80},[66,150828,150829,150831,150833,150835],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150830,155],{"class":154},[66,150832,158],{"class":80},[66,150834,38464],{"class":137},[66,150836,163],{"class":80},[20,150838,187],{},[57,150840,150842],{"className":59,"code":150841,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('abc',)\n",[15,150843,150844],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150845,150846,150848,150850,150852,150854],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150847,158],{"class":80},[66,150849,202],{"class":84},[66,150851,41635],{"class":88},[66,150853,202],{"class":84},[66,150855,149428],{"class":80},[1430,150857,150859],{"id":150858},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150861,150862],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[57,150864,150866],{"className":59,"code":150865,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150867,150868,150885,150889,150899,150913],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,150869,150870,150873,150875,150877,150879,150881,150883],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,150871,150872],{"class":72},"my_tuple ",[66,150874,77],{"class":76},[66,150876,9527],{"class":80},[66,150878,85],{"class":84},[66,150880,4372],{"class":88},[66,150882,85],{"class":84},[66,150884,149428],{"class":80},[66,150886,150887],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,150888,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,150890,150891,150893,150895,150897],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,150892,155],{"class":154},[66,150894,158],{"class":80},[66,150896,148090],{"class":137},[66,150898,163],{"class":80},[66,150900,150901,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,150902,155],{"class":154},[66,150904,158],{"class":80},[66,150906,912],{"class":173},[66,150908,158],{"class":80},[66,150910,148090],{"class":137},[66,150912,181],{"class":80},[66,150914,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,150916,155],{"class":154},[66,150918,158],{"class":80},[66,150920,11445],{"class":154},[66,150922,158],{"class":80},[66,150924,148090],{"class":137},[66,150926,181],{"class":80},[52,150928,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,150930,150932],{"id":150931},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150934,150935,150936,150939],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150937,150938],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1430,150941,150943],{"id":150942},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150945,150946],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1430,150948,150950],{"id":150949},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150952,150953],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1430,150955,150957],{"id":150956},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150959,150960],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1430,150962,5438,150964,12998],{"id":150963},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150965,150732],{},[20,150967,5443,150968,150971],{},[15,150969,150970],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[52,150973,2183],{"id":2182},[30,150975,150976,150980,150984,150990,150995,151000,151004],{},[33,150977,150978],{},[652,150979,148072],{"href":148071},[33,150981,150982],{},[652,150983,149745],{"href":149744},[33,150985,150986],{},[652,150987,150989],{"href":150988},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150991,150992],{},[652,150993,150994],{"href":149310},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150996,150997],{},[652,150998,150999],{"href":149375},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,151001,151002],{},[652,151003,63300],{"href":63299},[33,151005,151006],{},[652,151007,151008],{"href":150513},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2222,151010,151011],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":151013},[151014,151015,151016,151017,151018,151019,151025,151031,151032,151040,151048],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":15436,"depth":124,"text":15437},{"id":149604,"depth":124,"text":149605},{"id":149748,"depth":124,"text":149749},{"id":149841,"depth":124,"text":149842},{"id":150034,"depth":124,"text":150035,"children":151020},[151021,151022,151023,151024],{"id":1735,"depth":144,"text":56542},{"id":5605,"depth":144,"text":56545},{"id":150126,"depth":144,"text":150127},{"id":150169,"depth":144,"text":150170},{"id":150276,"depth":124,"text":151026,"children":151027},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151028,151029,151030],{"id":105330,"depth":144,"text":105331},{"id":105516,"depth":144,"text":105517},{"id":150427,"depth":144,"text":150428},{"id":21059,"depth":124,"text":21060},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":151033},[151034,151035,151036,151037,151039],{"id":150522,"depth":144,"text":150523},{"id":150602,"depth":144,"text":150603},{"id":150690,"depth":144,"text":150691},{"id":150729,"depth":144,"text":151038},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150858,"depth":144,"text":150859},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":151041},[151042,151043,151044,151045,151046],{"id":150931,"depth":144,"text":150932},{"id":150942,"depth":144,"text":150943},{"id":150949,"depth":144,"text":150950},{"id":150956,"depth":144,"text":150957},{"id":150963,"depth":144,"text":151047},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149361,"description":151049},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151056,"title":151057,"body":151058,"description":152603,"extension":2260,"meta":152604,"navigation":147,"path":152605,"seo":152606,"stem":152607,"__hash__":152608},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151059,"toc":152573},[151060,151063,151068,151070,151083,151089,151091,151158,151160,151195,151200,151204,151208,151210,151221,151229,151231,151233,151254,151256,151276,151279,151281,151286,151329,151331,151353,151356,151369,151373,151377,151380,151433,151435,151456,151461,151465,151468,151513,151515,151548,151560,151564,151572,151609,151611,151640,151644,151647,151700,151702,151722,151729,151733,151738,151807,151809,151834,151838,151841,151847,151924,151926,151985,151987,151999,152004,152008,152012,152026,152028,152063,152065,152082,152085,152098,152102,152106,152117,152122,152137,152140,152143,152145,152148,152152,152154,152168,152170,152194,152199,152203,152206,152225,152228,152277,152282,152299,152302,152335,152339,152341,152392,152395,152420,152423,152446,152450,152456,152458,152493,152496,152501,152503,152507,152510,152514,152519,152523,152526,152530,152533,152537,152542,152544,152570],[10,151061,151057],{"id":151062},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151064,9416,151065,151067],{},[15,151066,38119],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151069,82672],{},[30,151071,151072,151077],{},[33,151073,151074,151076],{},[15,151075,38119],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,151078,151079,151082],{},[15,151080,151081],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151084,151085,151086,151088],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151087,38119],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[52,151090,55],{"id":54},[57,151092,151094],{"className":59,"code":151093,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151095,151096,151116,151130,151134,151144],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151097,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110,151112,151114],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151099,1706],{"class":72},[66,151101,77],{"class":76},[66,151103,1711],{"class":80},[66,151105,1714],{"class":117},[66,151107,105],{"class":80},[66,151109,1719],{"class":117},[66,151111,105],{"class":80},[66,151113,1724],{"class":117},[66,151115,240],{"class":80},[66,151117,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151119,877],{"class":72},[66,151121,77],{"class":76},[66,151123,149438],{"class":173},[66,151125,158],{"class":80},[66,151127,1735],{"class":137},[66,151129,163],{"class":80},[66,151131,151132],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,151133,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,151135,151136,151138,151140,151142],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,151137,155],{"class":154},[66,151139,158],{"class":80},[66,151141,901],{"class":137},[66,151143,163],{"class":80},[66,151145,151146,151148,151150,151152,151154,151156],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,151147,155],{"class":154},[66,151149,158],{"class":80},[66,151151,912],{"class":173},[66,151153,158],{"class":80},[66,151155,901],{"class":137},[66,151157,181],{"class":80},[20,151159,187],{},[57,151161,151163],{"className":59,"code":151162,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151164,151165,151181],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151166,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151168,158],{"class":80},[66,151170,1714],{"class":117},[66,151172,105],{"class":80},[66,151174,1719],{"class":117},[66,151176,105],{"class":80},[66,151178,1724],{"class":117},[66,151180,163],{"class":80},[66,151182,151183,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151184,954],{"class":76},[66,151186,958],{"class":957},[66,151188,211],{"class":84},[66,151190,49031],{"class":88},[66,151192,202],{"class":84},[66,151194,967],{"class":76},[20,151196,243,151197,151199],{},[15,151198,151081],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[52,151201,151203],{"id":151202},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151205,151206,63008],{},[15,151207,38119],{},[20,151209,49005],{},[30,151211,151212,151215,151218],{},[33,151213,151214],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,151216,151217],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,151219,151220],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151222,151223,151224,151226,151227,50],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[652,151225,149376],{"href":149375}," or the full guide to ",[652,151228,148072],{"href":148071},[52,151230,2455],{"id":2454},[20,151232,26551],{},[57,151234,151236],{"className":59,"code":151235,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151237,151238,151244],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151239,151240,151242],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151241,49031],{"class":173},[66,151243,141],{"class":80},[66,151245,151246,151248,151250,151252],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151247,49031],{"class":173},[66,151249,158],{"class":80},[66,151251,4013],{"class":137},[66,151253,163],{"class":80},[20,151255,261],{},[30,151257,151258,151261],{},[33,151259,151260],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,151262,151263,151264],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,151265,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274],{},[33,151267,5596],{},[33,151269,5605],{},[33,151271,63079],{},[33,151273,5602],{},[33,151275,7544],{},[20,151277,151278],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[52,151280,149749],{"id":149748},[20,151282,29715,151283,151285],{},[15,151284,38119],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[57,151287,151289],{"className":59,"code":151288,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151290,151291,151301,151305,151315],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151292,151293,151295,151297,151299],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151294,124936],{"class":72},[66,151296,77],{"class":76},[66,151298,149438],{"class":173},[66,151300,141],{"class":80},[66,151302,151303],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151304,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,151306,151307,151309,151311,151313],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,151308,155],{"class":154},[66,151310,158],{"class":80},[66,151312,124987],{"class":137},[66,151314,163],{"class":80},[66,151316,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,151318,155],{"class":154},[66,151320,158],{"class":80},[66,151322,912],{"class":173},[66,151324,158],{"class":80},[66,151326,124987],{"class":137},[66,151328,181],{"class":80},[20,151330,187],{},[57,151332,151333],{"className":59,"code":149794,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,151334,151335,151339],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151336,151337],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151338,141],{"class":80},[66,151340,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349,151351],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151342,954],{"class":76},[66,151344,958],{"class":957},[66,151346,211],{"class":84},[66,151348,49031],{"class":88},[66,151350,202],{"class":84},[66,151352,967],{"class":76},[20,151354,151355],{},"This is equivalent to:",[57,151357,151359],{"className":59,"code":151358,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty = ()\n",[15,151360,151361],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151362,151363,151365,151367],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151364,124936],{"class":72},[66,151366,77],{"class":76},[66,151368,149414],{"class":80},[52,151370,151372],{"id":151371},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1430,151374,151376],{"id":151375},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151378,151379],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[57,151381,151383],{"className":59,"code":151382,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151384,151385,151405,151419,151423],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151386,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151388,1706],{"class":72},[66,151390,77],{"class":76},[66,151392,1711],{"class":80},[66,151394,2628],{"class":117},[66,151396,105],{"class":80},[66,151398,118],{"class":117},[66,151400,105],{"class":80},[66,151402,8088],{"class":117},[66,151404,240],{"class":80},[66,151406,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151408,877],{"class":72},[66,151410,77],{"class":76},[66,151412,149438],{"class":173},[66,151414,158],{"class":80},[66,151416,1735],{"class":137},[66,151418,163],{"class":80},[66,151420,151421],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,151422,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,151424,151425,151427,151429,151431],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,151426,155],{"class":154},[66,151428,158],{"class":80},[66,151430,901],{"class":137},[66,151432,163],{"class":80},[20,151434,187],{},[57,151436,151438],{"className":59,"code":151437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151439,151440],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151441,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151443,158],{"class":80},[66,151445,2628],{"class":117},[66,151447,105],{"class":80},[66,151449,118],{"class":117},[66,151451,105],{"class":80},[66,151453,8088],{"class":117},[66,151455,163],{"class":80},[20,151457,151458,151459,50],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[652,151460,105136],{"href":60137},[1430,151462,151464],{"id":151463},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151466,151467],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[57,151469,151471],{"className":59,"code":151470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151472,151473,151485,151499,151503],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151474,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151476,34756],{"class":72},[66,151478,77],{"class":76},[66,151480,97],{"class":84},[66,151482,37119],{"class":88},[66,151484,376],{"class":84},[66,151486,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151488,877],{"class":72},[66,151490,77],{"class":76},[66,151492,149438],{"class":173},[66,151494,158],{"class":80},[66,151496,34777],{"class":137},[66,151498,163],{"class":80},[66,151500,151501],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,151502,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,151504,151505,151507,151509,151511],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,151506,155],{"class":154},[66,151508,158],{"class":80},[66,151510,901],{"class":137},[66,151512,163],{"class":80},[20,151514,187],{},[57,151516,151518],{"className":59,"code":151517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151519,151520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151521,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151523,158],{"class":80},[66,151525,202],{"class":84},[66,151527,10027],{"class":88},[66,151529,202],{"class":84},[66,151531,105],{"class":80},[66,151533,211],{"class":84},[66,151535,652],{"class":88},[66,151537,202],{"class":84},[66,151539,105],{"class":80},[66,151541,211],{"class":84},[66,151543,63369],{"class":88},[66,151545,202],{"class":84},[66,151547,163],{"class":80},[20,151549,151550,151551,14330,151554,151556,151557,50],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151552,151553],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[185,151555,4926],{}," create ",[15,151558,151559],{},"('cat',)",[1430,151561,151563],{"id":151562},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151565,151566,151568,151569,151571],{},[15,151567,36269],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151570,38119],{}," collects them all.",[57,151573,151575],{"className":59,"code":151574,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151576,151577,151595,151599],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151578,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151580,877],{"class":72},[66,151582,77],{"class":76},[66,151584,149438],{"class":173},[66,151586,158],{"class":80},[66,151588,60080],{"class":154},[66,151590,158],{"class":80},[66,151592,2433],{"class":117},[66,151594,181],{"class":80},[66,151596,151597],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151598,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,151600,151601,151603,151605,151607],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,151602,155],{"class":154},[66,151604,158],{"class":80},[66,151606,901],{"class":137},[66,151608,163],{"class":80},[20,151610,187],{},[57,151612,151614],{"className":59,"code":151613,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151615,151616],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151617,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151619,158],{"class":80},[66,151621,2021],{"class":117},[66,151623,105],{"class":80},[66,151625,1896],{"class":117},[66,151627,105],{"class":80},[66,151629,1719],{"class":117},[66,151631,105],{"class":80},[66,151633,1724],{"class":117},[66,151635,105],{"class":80},[66,151637,2755],{"class":117},[66,151639,163],{"class":80},[1430,151641,151643],{"id":151642},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151645,151646],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[57,151648,151650],{"className":59,"code":151649,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151651,151652,151672,151686,151690],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151653,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151655,4116],{"class":72},[66,151657,77],{"class":76},[66,151659,81],{"class":80},[66,151661,1714],{"class":117},[66,151663,105],{"class":80},[66,151665,1719],{"class":117},[66,151667,105],{"class":80},[66,151669,1724],{"class":117},[66,151671,121],{"class":80},[66,151673,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151675,877],{"class":72},[66,151677,77],{"class":76},[66,151679,149438],{"class":173},[66,151681,158],{"class":80},[66,151683,5655],{"class":137},[66,151685,163],{"class":80},[66,151687,151688],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,151689,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,151691,151692,151694,151696,151698],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,151693,155],{"class":154},[66,151695,158],{"class":80},[66,151697,901],{"class":137},[66,151699,163],{"class":80},[20,151701,187],{},[57,151703,151704],{"className":59,"code":149651,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,151705,151706],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151707,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151709,158],{"class":80},[66,151711,1714],{"class":117},[66,151713,105],{"class":80},[66,151715,1719],{"class":117},[66,151717,105],{"class":80},[66,151719,1724],{"class":117},[66,151721,163],{"class":80},[20,151723,151724,151725,50],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[652,151726,151728],{"href":151727},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1430,151730,151732],{"id":151731},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151734,63622,151735,151737],{},[15,151736,38119],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[57,151739,151741],{"className":59,"code":151740,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151742,151743,151779,151793,151797],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151744,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151746,291],{"class":72},[66,151748,77],{"class":76},[66,151750,81],{"class":80},[66,151752,85],{"class":84},[66,151754,89],{"class":88},[66,151756,85],{"class":84},[66,151758,94],{"class":80},[66,151760,97],{"class":84},[66,151762,100],{"class":88},[66,151764,85],{"class":84},[66,151766,105],{"class":80},[66,151768,97],{"class":84},[66,151770,110],{"class":88},[66,151772,85],{"class":84},[66,151774,94],{"class":80},[66,151776,323],{"class":117},[66,151778,121],{"class":80},[66,151780,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151782,877],{"class":72},[66,151784,77],{"class":76},[66,151786,149438],{"class":173},[66,151788,158],{"class":80},[66,151790,338],{"class":137},[66,151792,163],{"class":80},[66,151794,151795],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,151796,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,151798,151799,151801,151803,151805],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,151800,155],{"class":154},[66,151802,158],{"class":80},[66,151804,901],{"class":137},[66,151806,163],{"class":80},[20,151808,30095],{},[57,151810,151812],{"className":59,"code":151811,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151813,151814],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151815,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151817,158],{"class":80},[66,151819,202],{"class":84},[66,151821,89],{"class":88},[66,151823,202],{"class":84},[66,151825,105],{"class":80},[66,151827,211],{"class":84},[66,151829,110],{"class":88},[66,151831,202],{"class":84},[66,151833,163],{"class":80},[52,151835,151837],{"id":151836},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151839,151840],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151842,151843,151846],{},[15,151844,151845],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[57,151848,151850],{"className":59,"code":151849,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151851,151852,151888,151892,151906],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151853,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151855,291],{"class":72},[66,151857,77],{"class":76},[66,151859,81],{"class":80},[66,151861,85],{"class":84},[66,151863,89],{"class":88},[66,151865,85],{"class":84},[66,151867,94],{"class":80},[66,151869,97],{"class":84},[66,151871,100],{"class":88},[66,151873,85],{"class":84},[66,151875,105],{"class":80},[66,151877,97],{"class":84},[66,151879,110],{"class":88},[66,151881,85],{"class":84},[66,151883,94],{"class":80},[66,151885,323],{"class":117},[66,151887,121],{"class":80},[66,151889,151890],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151891,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,151893,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,151895,155],{"class":154},[66,151897,158],{"class":80},[66,151899,49031],{"class":173},[66,151901,158],{"class":80},[66,151903,338],{"class":137},[66,151905,181],{"class":80},[66,151907,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,151909,155],{"class":154},[66,151911,158],{"class":80},[66,151913,49031],{"class":173},[66,151915,158],{"class":80},[66,151917,338],{"class":137},[66,151919,50],{"class":80},[66,151921,8103],{"class":137},[66,151923,560],{"class":80},[20,151925,187],{},[57,151927,151929],{"className":59,"code":151928,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151930,151931,151951],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,151932,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,151934,158],{"class":80},[66,151936,202],{"class":84},[66,151938,89],{"class":88},[66,151940,202],{"class":84},[66,151942,105],{"class":80},[66,151944,211],{"class":84},[66,151946,110],{"class":88},[66,151948,202],{"class":84},[66,151950,163],{"class":80},[66,151952,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965,151967,151969,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,151954,5805],{"class":80},[66,151956,202],{"class":84},[66,151958,89],{"class":88},[66,151960,202],{"class":84},[66,151962,105],{"class":80},[66,151964,211],{"class":84},[66,151966,100],{"class":88},[66,151968,202],{"class":84},[66,151970,9524],{"class":80},[66,151972,9527],{"class":80},[66,151974,202],{"class":84},[66,151976,110],{"class":88},[66,151978,202],{"class":84},[66,151980,105],{"class":80},[66,151982,323],{"class":117},[66,151984,181],{"class":80},[20,151986,1815],{},[30,151988,151989,151994],{},[33,151990,151991,151993],{},[15,151992,151845],{}," for keys",[33,151995,151996,32624],{},[15,151997,151998],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152000,152001,152002,50],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[652,152003,63632],{"href":63631},[52,152005,152007],{"id":152006},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152009,152010,18579],{},[15,152011,38119],{},[30,152013,152014,152017,152020,152023],{},[33,152015,152016],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,152018,152019],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,152021,152022],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,152024,152025],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152027,281],{},[57,152029,152031],{"className":59,"code":152030,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152032,152033,152052],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152034,152035,152038,152040,152042,152044,152046,152048,152050],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152036,152037],{"class":72},"coordinates ",[66,152039,77],{"class":76},[66,152041,149438],{"class":173},[66,152043,199],{"class":80},[66,152045,2803],{"class":117},[66,152047,105],{"class":80},[66,152049,6286],{"class":117},[66,152051,218],{"class":80},[66,152053,152054,152056,152058,152061],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,152055,155],{"class":154},[66,152057,158],{"class":80},[66,152059,152060],{"class":137},"coordinates",[66,152062,163],{"class":80},[20,152064,187],{},[57,152066,152068],{"className":59,"code":152067,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152069,152070],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152071,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152073,158],{"class":80},[66,152075,2803],{"class":117},[66,152077,105],{"class":80},[66,152079,6286],{"class":117},[66,152081,163],{"class":80},[20,152083,152084],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,152086,152087,152089,152092,152095],{},[33,152088,152060],{},[33,152090,152091],{},"RGB colors",[33,152093,152094],{},"dates",[33,152096,152097],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[52,152099,152101],{"id":152100},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152103,44505,152104,1161],{},[15,152105,38119],{},[30,152107,152108,152111,152114],{},[33,152109,152110],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,152112,152113],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,152115,152116],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152118,116563,152119,152121],{},[185,152120,4926],{}," work:",[57,152123,152125],{"className":59,"code":152124,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152126,152127],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152128,152129,152131,152133,152135],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152130,49031],{"class":173},[66,152132,158],{"class":80},[66,152134,2433],{"class":117},[66,152136,163],{"class":80},[20,152138,152139],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152141,152142],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[52,152144,115401],{"id":115400},[20,152146,152147],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1430,152149,152151],{"id":152150},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152153,1696],{},[57,152155,152156],{"className":59,"code":152124,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,152157,152158],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152159,152160,152162,152164,152166],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152161,49031],{"class":173},[66,152163,158],{"class":80},[66,152165,2433],{"class":117},[66,152167,163],{"class":80},[20,152169,29746],{},[57,152171,152172],{"className":59,"code":63736,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,152173,152174],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152175,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188,152190,152192],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152177,3302],{"class":173},[66,152179,94],{"class":80},[66,152181,211],{"class":84},[66,152183,2486],{"class":88},[66,152185,202],{"class":84},[66,152187,641],{"class":173},[66,152189,8389],{"class":76},[66,152191,8392],{"class":76},[66,152193,63759],{"class":72},[20,152195,152196,152197,50],{},"If you see this, read ",[652,152198,62373],{"href":52679},[1430,152200,152202],{"id":152201},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152204,152205],{},"This code:",[57,152207,152209],{"className":59,"code":152208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152210,152211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152212,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152214,49031],{"class":173},[66,152216,158],{"class":80},[66,152218,85],{"class":84},[66,152220,4139],{"class":88},[66,152222,85],{"class":84},[66,152224,163],{"class":80},[20,152226,152227],{},"returns:",[57,152229,152231],{"className":59,"code":152230,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152232,152233],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152234,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152236,158],{"class":80},[66,152238,202],{"class":84},[66,152240,60520],{"class":88},[66,152242,202],{"class":84},[66,152244,105],{"class":80},[66,152246,211],{"class":84},[66,152248,60529],{"class":88},[66,152250,202],{"class":84},[66,152252,105],{"class":80},[66,152254,211],{"class":84},[66,152256,60538],{"class":88},[66,152258,202],{"class":84},[66,152260,105],{"class":80},[66,152262,211],{"class":84},[66,152264,60538],{"class":88},[66,152266,202],{"class":84},[66,152268,105],{"class":80},[66,152270,211],{"class":84},[66,152272,60555],{"class":88},[66,152274,202],{"class":84},[66,152276,163],{"class":80},[20,152278,40980,152279,152281],{},[185,152280,4926],{}," return:",[57,152283,152285],{"className":59,"code":152284,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('hello',)\n",[15,152286,152287],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152288,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152290,158],{"class":80},[66,152292,202],{"class":84},[66,152294,4139],{"class":88},[66,152296,202],{"class":84},[66,152298,149428],{"class":80},[20,152300,152301],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[57,152303,152305],{"className":59,"code":152304,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152306,152307,152324],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152308,152309,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152310,152311],{"class":72},"single ",[66,152313,77],{"class":76},[66,152315,9527],{"class":80},[66,152317,85],{"class":84},[66,152319,4139],{"class":88},[66,152321,85],{"class":84},[66,152323,149428],{"class":80},[66,152325,152326,152328,152330,152333],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,152327,155],{"class":154},[66,152329,158],{"class":80},[66,152331,152332],{"class":137},"single",[66,152334,163],{"class":80},[1430,152336,152338],{"id":152337},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152340,152205],{},[57,152342,152344],{"className":59,"code":152343,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152345,152346,152378],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152347,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152349,472],{"class":72},[66,152351,77],{"class":76},[66,152353,81],{"class":80},[66,152355,85],{"class":84},[66,152357,652],{"class":88},[66,152359,85],{"class":84},[66,152361,94],{"class":80},[66,152363,1896],{"class":117},[66,152365,105],{"class":80},[66,152367,97],{"class":84},[66,152369,1903],{"class":88},[66,152371,85],{"class":84},[66,152373,94],{"class":80},[66,152375,1719],{"class":117},[66,152377,121],{"class":80},[66,152379,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,152381,155],{"class":154},[66,152383,158],{"class":80},[66,152385,49031],{"class":173},[66,152387,158],{"class":80},[66,152389,535],{"class":137},[66,152391,181],{"class":80},[20,152393,152394],{},"returns only the keys:",[57,152396,152398],{"className":59,"code":152397,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152399,152400],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152401,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152403,158],{"class":80},[66,152405,202],{"class":84},[66,152407,652],{"class":88},[66,152409,202],{"class":84},[66,152411,105],{"class":80},[66,152413,211],{"class":84},[66,152415,1903],{"class":88},[66,152417,202],{"class":84},[66,152419,163],{"class":80},[20,152421,152422],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[57,152424,152426],{"className":59,"code":152425,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152427,152428],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152429,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152431,155],{"class":154},[66,152433,158],{"class":80},[66,152435,49031],{"class":173},[66,152437,158],{"class":80},[66,152439,535],{"class":137},[66,152441,50],{"class":80},[66,152443,8103],{"class":137},[66,152445,560],{"class":80},[1430,152447,152449],{"id":152448},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152451,152452,152453,152455],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152454,38119],{}," conversion.",[20,152457,5767],{},[57,152459,152461],{"className":59,"code":152460,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152462,152463,152483],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152464,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152466,2745],{"class":72},[66,152468,77],{"class":76},[66,152470,9527],{"class":80},[66,152472,1714],{"class":117},[66,152474,105],{"class":80},[66,152476,1719],{"class":117},[66,152478,105],{"class":80},[66,152480,1724],{"class":117},[66,152482,163],{"class":80},[66,152484,152485,152487,152489,152491],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,152486,155],{"class":154},[66,152488,158],{"class":80},[66,152490,2771],{"class":137},[66,152492,163],{"class":80},[20,152494,152495],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152497,1573,152498,152500],{},[15,152499,38119],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[52,152502,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,152504,152506],{"id":152505},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152508,152509],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1430,152511,152513],{"id":152512},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152515,152516,152517,50],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152518,7659],{},[1430,152520,152522],{"id":152521},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152524,152525],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1430,152527,152529],{"id":152528},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152531,152532],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1430,152534,152536],{"id":152535},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152538,152539,152540,50],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152541,3302],{},[52,152543,2183],{"id":2182},[30,152545,152546,152550,152554,152558,152562,152566],{},[33,152547,152548],{},[652,152549,148072],{"href":148071},[33,152551,152552],{},[652,152553,150999],{"href":149375},[33,152555,152556],{},[652,152557,105136],{"href":60137},[33,152559,152560],{},[652,152561,151728],{"href":151727},[33,152563,152564],{},[652,152565,63632],{"href":63631},[33,152567,152568],{},[652,152569,62373],{"href":52679},[2222,152571,152572],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":152574},[152575,152576,152577,152578,152579,152586,152587,152588,152589,152595,152602],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":151202,"depth":124,"text":151203},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":149748,"depth":124,"text":149749},{"id":151371,"depth":124,"text":151372,"children":152580},[152581,152582,152583,152584,152585],{"id":151375,"depth":144,"text":151376},{"id":151463,"depth":144,"text":151464},{"id":151562,"depth":144,"text":151563},{"id":151642,"depth":144,"text":151643},{"id":151731,"depth":144,"text":151732},{"id":151836,"depth":124,"text":151837},{"id":152006,"depth":124,"text":152007},{"id":152100,"depth":124,"text":152101},{"id":115400,"depth":124,"text":115401,"children":152590},[152591,152592,152593,152594],{"id":152150,"depth":144,"text":152151},{"id":152201,"depth":144,"text":152202},{"id":152337,"depth":144,"text":152338},{"id":152448,"depth":144,"text":152449},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":152596},[152597,152598,152599,152600,152601],{"id":152505,"depth":144,"text":152506},{"id":152512,"depth":144,"text":152513},{"id":152521,"depth":144,"text":152522},{"id":152528,"depth":144,"text":152529},{"id":152535,"depth":144,"text":152536},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151057,"description":152603},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152610,"title":152611,"body":152612,"description":154025,"extension":2260,"meta":154026,"navigation":147,"path":154027,"seo":154028,"stem":154029,"__hash__":154030},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152613,"toc":153997},[152614,152619,152624,152627,152629,152708,152714,152719,152723,152738,152740,152787,152789,152797,152805,152811,152813,152818,152838,152841,152868,152870,152894,152896,153038,153040,153044,153052,153055,153057,153134,153136,153144,153148,153152,153162,153172,153174,153179,153181,153240,153245,153247,153347,153349,153363,153368,153374,153381,153384,153386,153496,153500,153517,153519,153582,153584,153592,153604,153608,153613,153641,153644,153726,153728,153739,153741,153745,153772,153774,153776,153856,153864,153866,153921,153923,153928,153931,153935,153939,153941,153945,153949,153957,153964,153967,153969,153994],[10,152615,147956,152617,18],{"id":152616},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152618,59049],{},[20,152620,152621,152623],{},[15,152622,149277],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152625,152626],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[52,152628,55],{"id":54},[57,152630,152632],{"className":59,"code":152631,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152633,152634,152674,152696],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152635,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152637,13356],{"class":72},[66,152639,77],{"class":76},[66,152641,9527],{"class":80},[66,152643,85],{"class":84},[66,152645,13373],{"class":88},[66,152647,85],{"class":84},[66,152649,105],{"class":80},[66,152651,97],{"class":84},[66,152653,13390],{"class":88},[66,152655,85],{"class":84},[66,152657,105],{"class":80},[66,152659,97],{"class":84},[66,152661,17716],{"class":88},[66,152663,85],{"class":84},[66,152665,105],{"class":80},[66,152667,97],{"class":84},[66,152669,13390],{"class":88},[66,152671,85],{"class":84},[66,152673,163],{"class":80},[66,152675,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,152677,65002],{"class":72},[66,152679,77],{"class":76},[66,152681,13404],{"class":72},[66,152683,50],{"class":80},[66,152685,35916],{"class":137},[66,152687,158],{"class":80},[66,152689,85],{"class":84},[66,152691,13390],{"class":88},[66,152693,85],{"class":84},[66,152695,163],{"class":80},[66,152697,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,152699,155],{"class":154},[66,152701,158],{"class":80},[66,152703,65029],{"class":137},[66,152705,3954],{"class":80},[66,152707,27844],{"class":1945},[20,152709,152710,152713],{},[15,152711,152712],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[52,152715,250,152717,253],{"id":152716},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152718,149277],{},[20,152720,2277,152721,11695],{},[15,152722,59049],{},[30,152724,152725,152728,152730,152733],{},[33,152726,152727],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152729,128554],{},[33,152731,152732],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152734,152735,152736],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152737,2021],{},[20,152739,281],{},[57,152741,152743],{"className":59,"code":152742,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152744,152745,152769],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152748,1706],{"class":72},[66,152750,77],{"class":76},[66,152752,9527],{"class":80},[66,152754,2628],{"class":117},[66,152756,105],{"class":80},[66,152758,118],{"class":117},[66,152760,105],{"class":80},[66,152762,8088],{"class":117},[66,152764,105],{"class":80},[66,152766,118],{"class":117},[66,152768,163],{"class":80},[66,152770,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,152772,155],{"class":154},[66,152774,158],{"class":80},[66,152776,1735],{"class":137},[66,152778,50],{"class":80},[66,152780,35916],{"class":137},[66,152782,158],{"class":80},[66,152784,16028],{"class":117},[66,152786,181],{"class":80},[20,152788,187],{},[57,152790,152791],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,152792,152793],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152794,152795],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152796,46994],{"class":117},[20,152798,21237,152799,152801,152802,152804],{},[15,152800,16028],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152803,59049],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152806,151223,152807,50],{},[652,152808,152810],{"href":152809},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[52,152812,2455],{"id":2454},[20,152814,8056,152815,152817],{},[15,152816,59049],{}," in two ways:",[57,152819,152821],{"className":59,"code":152820,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152822,152823],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152824,152825,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152826,152827],{"class":72},"tuple_name",[66,152829,50],{"class":80},[66,152831,35916],{"class":137},[66,152833,158],{"class":80},[66,152835,2771],{"class":137},[66,152837,163],{"class":80},[20,152839,152840],{},"or:",[57,152842,152844],{"className":59,"code":152843,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152845,152846],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152847,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152849,152827],{"class":72},[66,152851,50],{"class":80},[66,152853,35916],{"class":137},[66,152855,158],{"class":80},[66,152857,2771],{"class":137},[66,152859,105],{"class":80},[66,152861,36122],{"class":137},[66,152863,105],{"class":80},[66,152865,65123],{"class":137},[66,152867,163],{"class":80},[1430,152869,17658],{"id":17657},[30,152871,152872,152877,152882,152887],{},[33,152873,152874,152876],{},[15,152875,2771],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152878,152879,152881],{},[15,152880,36143],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152883,152884,152886],{},[15,152885,52740],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152888,152889,5079,152891,152893],{},[15,152890,52740],{},[185,152892,65152],{}," in the search",[20,152895,281],{},[57,152897,152899],{"className":59,"code":152898,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152900,152901,152949,152953,152978,153006],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,152902,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,152904,36161],{"class":72},[66,152906,77],{"class":76},[66,152908,9527],{"class":80},[66,152910,85],{"class":84},[66,152912,652],{"class":88},[66,152914,85],{"class":84},[66,152916,105],{"class":80},[66,152918,97],{"class":84},[66,152920,1903],{"class":88},[66,152922,85],{"class":84},[66,152924,105],{"class":80},[66,152926,97],{"class":84},[66,152928,10027],{"class":88},[66,152930,85],{"class":84},[66,152932,105],{"class":80},[66,152934,97],{"class":84},[66,152936,1903],{"class":88},[66,152938,85],{"class":84},[66,152940,105],{"class":80},[66,152942,97],{"class":84},[66,152944,19027],{"class":88},[66,152946,85],{"class":84},[66,152948,163],{"class":80},[66,152950,152951],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,152952,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,152954,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,152956,155],{"class":154},[66,152958,158],{"class":80},[66,152960,36214],{"class":137},[66,152962,50],{"class":80},[66,152964,35916],{"class":137},[66,152966,158],{"class":80},[66,152968,85],{"class":84},[66,152970,1903],{"class":88},[66,152972,85],{"class":84},[66,152974,5658],{"class":80},[66,152976,152977],{"class":1945},"        # 1\n",[66,152979,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,152981,155],{"class":154},[66,152983,158],{"class":80},[66,152985,36214],{"class":137},[66,152987,50],{"class":80},[66,152989,35916],{"class":137},[66,152991,158],{"class":80},[66,152993,85],{"class":84},[66,152995,1903],{"class":88},[66,152997,85],{"class":84},[66,152999,105],{"class":80},[66,153001,1719],{"class":117},[66,153003,5658],{"class":80},[66,153005,50997],{"class":1945},[66,153007,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,153009,155],{"class":154},[66,153011,158],{"class":80},[66,153013,36214],{"class":137},[66,153015,50],{"class":80},[66,153017,35916],{"class":137},[66,153019,158],{"class":80},[66,153021,85],{"class":84},[66,153023,1903],{"class":88},[66,153025,85],{"class":84},[66,153027,105],{"class":80},[66,153029,1896],{"class":117},[66,153031,105],{"class":80},[66,153033,1724],{"class":117},[66,153035,5658],{"class":80},[66,153037,27844],{"class":1945},[52,153039,103463],{"id":103462},[20,153041,153042,1576],{},[15,153043,149277],{},[30,153045,153046,153049],{},[33,153047,153048],{},"An integer",[33,153050,153051],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153053,153054],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153056,281],{},[57,153058,153060],{"className":59,"code":153059,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153061,153062,153102,153124],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153063,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153065,108562],{"class":72},[66,153067,77],{"class":76},[66,153069,9527],{"class":80},[66,153071,85],{"class":84},[66,153073,37119],{"class":88},[66,153075,85],{"class":84},[66,153077,105],{"class":80},[66,153079,97],{"class":84},[66,153081,58208],{"class":88},[66,153083,85],{"class":84},[66,153085,105],{"class":80},[66,153087,97],{"class":84},[66,153089,58225],{"class":88},[66,153091,85],{"class":84},[66,153093,105],{"class":80},[66,153095,97],{"class":84},[66,153097,58208],{"class":88},[66,153099,85],{"class":84},[66,153101,163],{"class":80},[66,153103,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,153105,877],{"class":72},[66,153107,77],{"class":76},[66,153109,108605],{"class":72},[66,153111,50],{"class":80},[66,153113,35916],{"class":137},[66,153115,158],{"class":80},[66,153117,85],{"class":84},[66,153119,58208],{"class":88},[66,153121,85],{"class":84},[66,153123,163],{"class":80},[66,153125,153126,153128,153130,153132],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,153127,155],{"class":154},[66,153129,158],{"class":80},[66,153131,901],{"class":137},[66,153133,163],{"class":80},[20,153135,187],{},[57,153137,153138],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,153139,153140],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153141,153142],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153143,46994],{"class":117},[52,153145,153147],{"id":153146},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153149,243,153150,1161],{},[15,153151,149277],{},[30,153153,153154,153156,153159],{},[33,153155,66181],{},[33,153157,153158],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,153160,153161],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153163,153164,153165,153168,153169,50],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153166,153167],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[652,153170,149745],{"href":153171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[52,153173,65713],{"id":65712},[20,153175,153176,153177,50],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153178,40778],{},[20,153180,281],{},[57,153182,153184],{"className":59,"code":153183,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153185,153186,153218],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153187,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153189,13356],{"class":72},[66,153191,77],{"class":76},[66,153193,9527],{"class":80},[66,153195,85],{"class":84},[66,153197,13373],{"class":88},[66,153199,85],{"class":84},[66,153201,105],{"class":80},[66,153203,97],{"class":84},[66,153205,13390],{"class":88},[66,153207,85],{"class":84},[66,153209,105],{"class":80},[66,153211,97],{"class":84},[66,153213,17716],{"class":88},[66,153215,85],{"class":84},[66,153217,163],{"class":80},[66,153219,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,153221,155],{"class":154},[66,153223,158],{"class":80},[66,153225,17763],{"class":137},[66,153227,50],{"class":80},[66,153229,35916],{"class":137},[66,153231,158],{"class":80},[66,153233,85],{"class":84},[66,153235,22778],{"class":88},[66,153237,85],{"class":84},[66,153239,181],{"class":80},[20,153241,39727,153242,153244],{},[15,153243,109887],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153246,65788],{},[57,153248,153250],{"className":59,"code":153249,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153251,153252,153284,153288,153304,153326,153332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153253,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153255,13356],{"class":72},[66,153257,77],{"class":76},[66,153259,9527],{"class":80},[66,153261,85],{"class":84},[66,153263,13373],{"class":88},[66,153265,85],{"class":84},[66,153267,105],{"class":80},[66,153269,97],{"class":84},[66,153271,13390],{"class":88},[66,153273,85],{"class":84},[66,153275,105],{"class":80},[66,153277,97],{"class":84},[66,153279,17716],{"class":88},[66,153281,85],{"class":84},[66,153283,163],{"class":80},[66,153285,153286],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,153287,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,153289,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,153291,7291],{"class":1060},[66,153293,97],{"class":84},[66,153295,22778],{"class":88},[66,153297,85],{"class":84},[66,153299,1372],{"class":76},[66,153301,13404],{"class":72},[66,153303,1133],{"class":80},[66,153305,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,153307,1081],{"class":154},[66,153309,158],{"class":80},[66,153311,17763],{"class":137},[66,153313,50],{"class":80},[66,153315,35916],{"class":137},[66,153317,158],{"class":80},[66,153319,85],{"class":84},[66,153321,22778],{"class":88},[66,153323,85],{"class":84},[66,153325,181],{"class":80},[66,153327,153328,153330],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,153329,27498],{"class":1060},[66,153331,1133],{"class":80},[66,153333,153334,153336,153338,153340,153343,153345],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,153335,1081],{"class":154},[66,153337,158],{"class":80},[66,153339,85],{"class":84},[66,153341,153342],{"class":88},"Value not found",[66,153344,85],{"class":84},[66,153346,163],{"class":80},[20,153348,187],{},[57,153350,153352],{"className":59,"code":153351,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Value not found\n",[15,153353,153354],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153355,153356,153359,153361],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153357,153358],{"class":72},"Value ",[66,153360,4926],{"class":76},[66,153362,65912],{"class":72},[20,153364,153365,153366,50],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[652,153367,65922],{"href":65921},[52,153369,1848,153370,4688,153372],{"id":65489},[15,153371,36143],{},[15,153373,52740],{},[20,153375,2277,153376,4688,153378,153380],{},[15,153377,36143],{},[15,153379,52740],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153382,153383],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153385,281],{},[57,153387,153389],{"className":59,"code":153388,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153390,153391,153419,153423,153444,153468],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153392,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153394,4116],{"class":72},[66,153396,77],{"class":76},[66,153398,9527],{"class":80},[66,153400,2433],{"class":117},[66,153402,105],{"class":80},[66,153404,6297],{"class":117},[66,153406,105],{"class":80},[66,153408,1231],{"class":117},[66,153410,105],{"class":80},[66,153412,118],{"class":117},[66,153414,105],{"class":80},[66,153416,1231],{"class":117},[66,153418,163],{"class":80},[66,153420,153421],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,153422,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,153424,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,153426,155],{"class":154},[66,153428,158],{"class":80},[66,153430,5655],{"class":137},[66,153432,50],{"class":80},[66,153434,35916],{"class":137},[66,153436,158],{"class":80},[66,153438,2433],{"class":117},[66,153440,5658],{"class":80},[66,153442,153443],{"class":1945},"        # 0\n",[66,153445,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,153447,155],{"class":154},[66,153449,158],{"class":80},[66,153451,5655],{"class":137},[66,153453,50],{"class":80},[66,153455,35916],{"class":137},[66,153457,158],{"class":80},[66,153459,2433],{"class":117},[66,153461,105],{"class":80},[66,153463,1896],{"class":117},[66,153465,5658],{"class":80},[66,153467,51031],{"class":1945},[66,153469,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,153471,155],{"class":154},[66,153473,158],{"class":80},[66,153475,5655],{"class":137},[66,153477,50],{"class":80},[66,153479,35916],{"class":137},[66,153481,158],{"class":80},[66,153483,2433],{"class":117},[66,153485,105],{"class":80},[66,153487,1724],{"class":117},[66,153489,105],{"class":80},[66,153491,1231],{"class":117},[66,153493,5658],{"class":80},[66,153495,51014],{"class":1945},[1430,153497,153499],{"id":153498},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,153501,153502,153507,153512],{},[33,153503,153504,153506],{},[15,153505,36143],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,153508,153509,153511],{},[15,153510,52740],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,153513,2277,153514,153516],{},[15,153515,52740],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153518,281],{},[57,153520,153522],{"className":59,"code":153521,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153523,153524,153552,153556],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153525,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153527,4116],{"class":72},[66,153529,77],{"class":76},[66,153531,9527],{"class":80},[66,153533,2433],{"class":117},[66,153535,105],{"class":80},[66,153537,6297],{"class":117},[66,153539,105],{"class":80},[66,153541,1231],{"class":117},[66,153543,105],{"class":80},[66,153545,118],{"class":117},[66,153547,105],{"class":80},[66,153549,1231],{"class":117},[66,153551,163],{"class":80},[66,153553,153554],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,153555,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,153557,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,153559,155],{"class":154},[66,153561,158],{"class":80},[66,153563,5655],{"class":137},[66,153565,50],{"class":80},[66,153567,35916],{"class":137},[66,153569,158],{"class":80},[66,153571,2433],{"class":117},[66,153573,105],{"class":80},[66,153575,1896],{"class":117},[66,153577,105],{"class":80},[66,153579,2755],{"class":117},[66,153581,181],{"class":80},[20,153583,187],{},[57,153585,153586],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,153587,153588],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153589,153590],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153591,17328],{"class":117},[20,153593,153594,153595,2487,153597,17341,153599,153601,153602,50],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153596,1714],{},[15,153598,2354],{},[15,153600,2360],{},", but not ",[15,153603,2803],{},[52,153605,153607],{"id":153606},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153609,153610,153611,94],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153612,149277],{},[30,153614,153615,153623,153628,153635],{},[33,153616,153617,153618,153620,153621],{},"Do not confuse the ",[185,153619,2771],{}," with the ",[185,153622,35916],{},[33,153624,153625,153626],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153627,2021],{},[33,153629,243,153630,153634],{},[652,153631,149303,153632,978],{"href":149355},[15,153633,57371],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153636,153637,153638,153640],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153639,153167],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153642,153643],{},"Example of value vs index:",[57,153645,153647],{"className":59,"code":153646,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153648,153649,153681,153685,153709],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153650,153651,153653,153655,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153652,36310],{"class":72},[66,153654,77],{"class":76},[66,153656,9527],{"class":80},[66,153658,85],{"class":84},[66,153660,4372],{"class":88},[66,153662,85],{"class":84},[66,153664,105],{"class":80},[66,153666,97],{"class":84},[66,153668,4381],{"class":88},[66,153670,85],{"class":84},[66,153672,105],{"class":80},[66,153674,97],{"class":84},[66,153676,33288],{"class":88},[66,153678,85],{"class":84},[66,153680,163],{"class":80},[66,153682,153683],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,153684,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,153686,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705,153707],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,153688,155],{"class":154},[66,153690,158],{"class":80},[66,153692,36362],{"class":137},[66,153694,50],{"class":80},[66,153696,35916],{"class":137},[66,153698,158],{"class":80},[66,153700,85],{"class":84},[66,153702,4381],{"class":88},[66,153704,85],{"class":84},[66,153706,5658],{"class":80},[66,153708,27844],{"class":1945},[66,153710,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,153712,155],{"class":154},[66,153714,158],{"class":80},[66,153716,36362],{"class":137},[66,153718,223],{"class":80},[66,153720,1714],{"class":117},[66,153722,20705],{"class":80},[66,153724,153725],{"class":1945},"               # banana\n",[20,153727,2476],{},[30,153729,153730,153734],{},[33,153731,153732,15521],{},[15,153733,65357],{},[33,153735,153736,153738],{},[15,153737,1714],{}," is the index",[52,153740,1838],{"id":1837},[20,153742,106201,153743,94],{},[15,153744,149277],{},[30,153746,153747,153750,153755,153760,153767],{},[33,153748,153749],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153751,1433,153752,153754],{},[15,153753,59049],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153756,153757,153758],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153759,2021],{},[33,153761,153762,153763,4688,153765],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153764,36143],{},[15,153766,52740],{},[33,153768,37276,153769,153771],{},[15,153770,149277],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1430,153773,60792],{"id":60791},[20,153775,94463],{},[57,153777,153779],{"className":59,"code":153778,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153780,153781,153791,153805,153820,153838],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153782,153783,153785,153787,153789],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153784,155],{"class":154},[66,153786,158],{"class":80},[66,153788,148090],{"class":137},[66,153790,163],{"class":80},[66,153792,153793,153795,153797,153799,153801,153803],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,153794,155],{"class":154},[66,153796,158],{"class":80},[66,153798,11445],{"class":154},[66,153800,158],{"class":80},[66,153802,148090],{"class":137},[66,153804,181],{"class":80},[66,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153818],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,153808,155],{"class":154},[66,153810,158],{"class":80},[66,153812,2745],{"class":137},[66,153814,1067],{"class":1060},[66,153816,153817],{"class":137}," my_tuple",[66,153819,163],{"class":80},[66,153821,153822,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,153823,155],{"class":154},[66,153825,158],{"class":80},[66,153827,148090],{"class":137},[66,153829,50],{"class":80},[66,153831,41334],{"class":137},[66,153833,158],{"class":80},[66,153835,2771],{"class":137},[66,153837,181],{"class":80},[66,153839,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,153841,155],{"class":154},[66,153843,158],{"class":80},[66,153845,148090],{"class":137},[66,153847,50],{"class":80},[66,153849,35916],{"class":137},[66,153851,158],{"class":80},[66,153853,2771],{"class":137},[66,153855,181],{"class":80},[20,153857,153858,153859,84480,153861,153863],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153860,40778],{},[15,153862,2771],{}," is missing.",[20,153865,129707],{},[57,153867,153869],{"className":59,"code":153868,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153870,153871,153883,153901,153907],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,153872,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,153874,7291],{"class":1060},[66,153876,21842],{"class":72},[66,153878,1067],{"class":76},[66,153880,153817],{"class":72},[66,153882,1133],{"class":80},[66,153884,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,153886,1081],{"class":154},[66,153888,158],{"class":80},[66,153890,148090],{"class":137},[66,153892,50],{"class":80},[66,153894,35916],{"class":137},[66,153896,158],{"class":80},[66,153898,2771],{"class":137},[66,153900,181],{"class":80},[66,153902,153903,153905],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,153904,27498],{"class":1060},[66,153906,1133],{"class":80},[66,153908,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,153910,1081],{"class":154},[66,153912,158],{"class":80},[66,153914,85],{"class":84},[66,153916,153342],{"class":88},[66,153918,85],{"class":84},[66,153920,163],{"class":80},[52,153922,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,153924,5438,153926,12998],{"id":153925},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153927,149277],{},[20,153929,153930],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1430,153932,153934],{"id":153933},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153936,153937,152804],{},[15,153938,149277],{},[1430,153940,149256],{"id":149255},[20,153942,76941,153943,50],{},[15,153944,40778],{},[1430,153946,153948],{"id":153947},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153950,153951,153952,4688,153954,153956],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153953,36143],{},[15,153955,52740],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1430,153958,2131,153960,57286,153962,2151],{"id":153959},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153961,149277],{},[15,153963,64948],{},[20,153965,153966],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[52,153968,2183],{"id":2182},[30,153970,153971,153977,153981,153986,153990],{},[33,153972,153973],{},[652,153974,149303,153975,978],{"href":149355},[15,153976,57371],{},[33,153978,153979],{},[652,153980,149745],{"href":153171},[33,153982,153983],{},[652,153984,153985],{"href":151051},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153987,153988],{},[652,153989,65922],{"href":65921},[33,153991,153992],{},[652,153993,150999],{"href":152809},[2222,153995,153996],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":153998},[153999,154000,154002,154005,154006,154007,154008,154011,154012,154015,154024],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":152716,"depth":124,"text":154001},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455,"children":154003},[154004],{"id":17657,"depth":144,"text":17658},{"id":103462,"depth":124,"text":103463},{"id":153146,"depth":124,"text":153147},{"id":65712,"depth":124,"text":65713},{"id":65489,"depth":124,"text":66272,"children":154009},[154010],{"id":153498,"depth":144,"text":153499},{"id":153606,"depth":124,"text":153607},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838,"children":154013},[154014],{"id":60791,"depth":144,"text":60792},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":154016},[154017,154019,154020,154021,154022],{"id":153925,"depth":144,"text":154018},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153933,"depth":144,"text":153934},{"id":149255,"depth":144,"text":149256},{"id":153947,"depth":144,"text":153948},{"id":153959,"depth":144,"text":154023},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152611,"description":154025},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154032,"title":154033,"body":154034,"description":155429,"extension":2260,"meta":155430,"navigation":147,"path":153171,"seo":155431,"stem":155432,"__hash__":155433},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154035,"toc":155411},[154036,154039,154042,154045,154059,154061,154064,154158,154168,154174,154178,154181,154184,154186,154204,154206,154277,154279,154296,154300,154304,154307,154324,154327,154342,154344,154435,154438,154442,154445,154462,154464,154559,154562,154565,154569,154572,154666,154668,154687,154690,154694,154697,154699,154754,154756,154791,154794,154808,154816,154909,154918,154922,154925,154932,154935,154982,154984,154992,154995,155046,155048,155065,155070,155074,155077,155080,155082,155133,155136,155191,155194,155197,155199,155202,155222,155224,155297,155300,155313,155315,155319,155324,155328,155333,155350,155354,155357,155374,155378,155381,155383,155408],[10,154037,154033],{"id":154038},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154040,154041],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154043,154044],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,154046,154047,154050,154053,154056],{},[33,154048,154049],{},"positive indexes",[33,154051,154052],{},"negative indexes",[33,154054,154055],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,154057,154058],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[52,154060,3903],{"id":3902},[20,154062,154063],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[57,154065,154067],{"className":59,"code":154066,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154068,154069,154101,154105,154122,154139],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154070,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154072,13356],{"class":72},[66,154074,77],{"class":76},[66,154076,9527],{"class":80},[66,154078,85],{"class":84},[66,154080,13373],{"class":88},[66,154082,85],{"class":84},[66,154084,105],{"class":80},[66,154086,97],{"class":84},[66,154088,17716],{"class":88},[66,154090,85],{"class":84},[66,154092,105],{"class":80},[66,154094,97],{"class":84},[66,154096,13390],{"class":88},[66,154098,85],{"class":84},[66,154100,163],{"class":80},[66,154102,154103],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154104,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154106,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154108,155],{"class":154},[66,154110,158],{"class":80},[66,154112,17763],{"class":137},[66,154114,223],{"class":80},[66,154116,2021],{"class":117},[66,154118,20705],{"class":80},[66,154120,154121],{"class":1945},"   # red\n",[66,154123,154124,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,154125,155],{"class":154},[66,154127,158],{"class":80},[66,154129,17763],{"class":137},[66,154131,223],{"class":80},[66,154133,1714],{"class":117},[66,154135,20705],{"class":80},[66,154137,154138],{"class":1945},"   # green\n",[66,154140,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,154142,155],{"class":154},[66,154144,158],{"class":80},[66,154146,17763],{"class":137},[66,154148,223],{"class":80},[66,154150,2319],{"class":76},[66,154152,1714],{"class":117},[66,154154,20705],{"class":80},[66,154156,154157],{"class":1945},"  # blue\n",[30,154159,154160,154165],{},[33,154161,132496,154162,154164],{},[15,154163,2021],{}," is the first item.",[33,154166,154167],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154169,154170,154171,50],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[652,154172,154173],{"href":148075},"how to create a tuple in Python",[52,154175,154177],{"id":154176},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154179,154180],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154182,154183],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154185,261],{},[30,154187,154188,154191,154198,154201],{},[33,154189,154190],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,154192,154193,154194,19223,154196],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154195,2021],{},[15,154197,1714],{},[33,154199,154200],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,154202,154203],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154205,281],{},[57,154207,154209],{"className":59,"code":154208,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154210,154211,154231,154235,154249,154263],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154212,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154214,1706],{"class":72},[66,154216,77],{"class":76},[66,154218,9527],{"class":80},[66,154220,2628],{"class":117},[66,154222,105],{"class":80},[66,154224,118],{"class":117},[66,154226,105],{"class":80},[66,154228,8088],{"class":117},[66,154230,163],{"class":80},[66,154232,154233],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154234,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154236,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154238,155],{"class":154},[66,154240,158],{"class":80},[66,154242,1735],{"class":137},[66,154244,223],{"class":80},[66,154246,2021],{"class":117},[66,154248,218],{"class":80},[66,154250,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,154252,155],{"class":154},[66,154254,158],{"class":80},[66,154256,1735],{"class":137},[66,154258,223],{"class":80},[66,154260,1714],{"class":117},[66,154262,218],{"class":80},[66,154264,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,154266,155],{"class":154},[66,154268,158],{"class":80},[66,154270,1735],{"class":137},[66,154272,223],{"class":80},[66,154274,2354],{"class":117},[66,154276,218],{"class":80},[20,154278,187],{},[57,154280,154282],{"className":59,"code":154281,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154283,154284,154288,154292],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154285,154286],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154287,2674],{"class":117},[66,154289,154290],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154291,71307],{"class":117},[66,154293,154294],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154295,69923],{"class":117},[20,154297,59474,154298,50],{},[652,154299,148072],{"href":148071},[52,154301,154303],{"id":154302},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154305,154306],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,154308,154309,154314,154319],{},[33,154310,154311,154313],{},[15,154312,2021],{}," = first item",[33,154315,154316,154318],{},[15,154317,1714],{}," = second item",[33,154320,154321,154323],{},[15,154322,2354],{}," = third item",[20,154325,154326],{},"Pattern:",[57,154328,154330],{"className":59,"code":154329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154331,154332],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154333,154334,154336,154338,154340],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154335,152827],{"class":72},[66,154337,223],{"class":80},[66,154339,35916],{"class":72},[66,154341,240],{"class":80},[20,154343,281],{},[57,154345,154347],{"className":59,"code":154346,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154348,154349,154381,154385,154402,154418],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154350,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154352,36310],{"class":72},[66,154354,77],{"class":76},[66,154356,9527],{"class":80},[66,154358,85],{"class":84},[66,154360,4372],{"class":88},[66,154362,85],{"class":84},[66,154364,105],{"class":80},[66,154366,97],{"class":84},[66,154368,4381],{"class":88},[66,154370,85],{"class":84},[66,154372,105],{"class":80},[66,154374,97],{"class":84},[66,154376,4390],{"class":88},[66,154378,85],{"class":84},[66,154380,163],{"class":80},[66,154382,154383],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154384,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154386,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154388,155],{"class":154},[66,154390,158],{"class":80},[66,154392,36362],{"class":137},[66,154394,223],{"class":80},[66,154396,2021],{"class":117},[66,154398,20705],{"class":80},[66,154400,154401],{"class":1945},"  # apple\n",[66,154403,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,154405,155],{"class":154},[66,154407,158],{"class":80},[66,154409,36362],{"class":137},[66,154411,223],{"class":80},[66,154413,1714],{"class":117},[66,154415,20705],{"class":80},[66,154417,51565],{"class":1945},[66,154419,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,154421,155],{"class":154},[66,154423,158],{"class":80},[66,154425,36362],{"class":137},[66,154427,223],{"class":80},[66,154429,2354],{"class":117},[66,154431,20705],{"class":80},[66,154433,154434],{"class":1945},"  # cherry\n",[20,154436,154437],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[52,154439,154441],{"id":154440},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154443,154444],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,154446,154447,154452,154457],{},[33,154448,154449,154451],{},[15,154450,65937],{}," = last item",[33,154453,154454,154456],{},[15,154455,95493],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,154458,154459,154461],{},[15,154460,47748],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154463,281],{},[57,154465,154467],{"className":59,"code":154466,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154468,154469,154501,154505,154523,154541],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154470,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154472,36310],{"class":72},[66,154474,77],{"class":76},[66,154476,9527],{"class":80},[66,154478,85],{"class":84},[66,154480,4372],{"class":88},[66,154482,85],{"class":84},[66,154484,105],{"class":80},[66,154486,97],{"class":84},[66,154488,4381],{"class":88},[66,154490,85],{"class":84},[66,154492,105],{"class":80},[66,154494,97],{"class":84},[66,154496,4390],{"class":88},[66,154498,85],{"class":84},[66,154500,163],{"class":80},[66,154502,154503],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154504,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154506,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154508,155],{"class":154},[66,154510,158],{"class":80},[66,154512,36362],{"class":137},[66,154514,223],{"class":80},[66,154516,2319],{"class":76},[66,154518,1714],{"class":117},[66,154520,20705],{"class":80},[66,154522,154434],{"class":1945},[66,154524,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,154526,155],{"class":154},[66,154528,158],{"class":80},[66,154530,36362],{"class":137},[66,154532,223],{"class":80},[66,154534,2319],{"class":76},[66,154536,2354],{"class":117},[66,154538,20705],{"class":80},[66,154540,51565],{"class":1945},[66,154542,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,154544,155],{"class":154},[66,154546,158],{"class":80},[66,154548,36362],{"class":137},[66,154550,223],{"class":80},[66,154552,2319],{"class":76},[66,154554,2360],{"class":117},[66,154556,20705],{"class":80},[66,154558,154401],{"class":1945},[20,154560,154561],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154563,154564],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[52,154566,154568],{"id":154567},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154570,154571],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[57,154573,154575],{"className":59,"code":154574,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154576,154577,154609,154613,154630,154647],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154578,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154580,5290],{"class":72},[66,154582,77],{"class":76},[66,154584,9527],{"class":80},[66,154586,85],{"class":84},[66,154588,100],{"class":88},[66,154590,85],{"class":84},[66,154592,105],{"class":80},[66,154594,97],{"class":84},[66,154596,36011],{"class":88},[66,154598,85],{"class":84},[66,154600,105],{"class":80},[66,154602,97],{"class":84},[66,154604,36020],{"class":88},[66,154606,85],{"class":84},[66,154608,163],{"class":80},[66,154610,154611],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154612,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154614,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154616,155],{"class":154},[66,154618,158],{"class":80},[66,154620,5334],{"class":137},[66,154622,223],{"class":80},[66,154624,2021],{"class":117},[66,154626,20705],{"class":80},[66,154628,154629],{"class":1945},"   # first item\n",[66,154631,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,154633,155],{"class":154},[66,154635,158],{"class":80},[66,154637,5334],{"class":137},[66,154639,223],{"class":80},[66,154641,1714],{"class":117},[66,154643,20705],{"class":80},[66,154645,154646],{"class":1945},"   # middle item\n",[66,154648,154649,154651,154653,154655,154657,154659,154661,154663],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,154650,155],{"class":154},[66,154652,158],{"class":80},[66,154654,5334],{"class":137},[66,154656,223],{"class":80},[66,154658,2319],{"class":76},[66,154660,1714],{"class":117},[66,154662,20705],{"class":80},[66,154664,154665],{"class":1945},"  # last item\n",[20,154667,187],{},[57,154669,154671],{"className":59,"code":154670,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154672,154673,154677,154682],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154674,154675],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154676,50118],{"class":72},[66,154678,154679],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154680,154681],{"class":72},"Ben\n",[66,154683,154684],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154685,154686],{"class":72},"Cara\n",[20,154688,154689],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[52,154691,154693],{"id":154692},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154695,154696],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154698,281],{},[57,154700,154702],{"className":59,"code":154701,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154703,154704,154736,154740],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154705,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154707,36161],{"class":72},[66,154709,77],{"class":76},[66,154711,9527],{"class":80},[66,154713,85],{"class":84},[66,154715,652],{"class":88},[66,154717,85],{"class":84},[66,154719,105],{"class":80},[66,154721,97],{"class":84},[66,154723,1903],{"class":88},[66,154725,85],{"class":84},[66,154727,105],{"class":80},[66,154729,97],{"class":84},[66,154731,10027],{"class":88},[66,154733,85],{"class":84},[66,154735,163],{"class":80},[66,154737,154738],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154739,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154741,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154743,155],{"class":154},[66,154745,158],{"class":80},[66,154747,36214],{"class":137},[66,154749,223],{"class":80},[66,154751,2433],{"class":117},[66,154753,218],{"class":80},[20,154755,187],{},[57,154757,154759],{"className":59,"code":154758,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154760,154761,154773,154778],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154762,154763,154766,154768,154771],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154764,154765],{"class":137},"Traceback ",[66,154767,158],{"class":80},[66,154769,154770],{"class":137},"most recent call last",[66,154772,8635],{"class":80},[66,154774,154775],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154776,154777],{"class":34521},"  ...\n",[66,154779,154780,154782,154784,154786,154789],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154781,70814],{"class":173},[66,154783,94],{"class":80},[66,154785,149438],{"class":173},[66,154787,154788],{"class":72}," index out of ",[66,154790,71006],{"class":154},[20,154792,154793],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154795,154796,154800,154804],{},[33,154797,154798],{},[15,154799,2021],{},[33,154801,154802],{},[15,154803,1714],{},[33,154805,154806],{},[15,154807,2354],{},[20,154809,154810,154811,50],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[652,154812,154813,154815],{"href":149310},[15,154814,42436],{}," on a tuple",[57,154817,154819],{"className":59,"code":154818,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154820,154821,154853,154857,154873,154877,154895],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154822,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154824,36161],{"class":72},[66,154826,77],{"class":76},[66,154828,9527],{"class":80},[66,154830,85],{"class":84},[66,154832,652],{"class":88},[66,154834,85],{"class":84},[66,154836,105],{"class":80},[66,154838,97],{"class":84},[66,154840,1903],{"class":88},[66,154842,85],{"class":84},[66,154844,105],{"class":80},[66,154846,97],{"class":84},[66,154848,10027],{"class":88},[66,154850,85],{"class":84},[66,154852,163],{"class":80},[66,154854,154855],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154856,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154858,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869,154871],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154860,155],{"class":154},[66,154862,158],{"class":80},[66,154864,11445],{"class":154},[66,154866,158],{"class":80},[66,154868,36214],{"class":137},[66,154870,5658],{"class":80},[66,154872,50849],{"class":1945},[66,154874,154875],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,154876,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154878,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,154880,7291],{"class":1060},[66,154882,38459],{"class":154},[66,154884,158],{"class":80},[66,154886,36214],{"class":137},[66,154888,3954],{"class":80},[66,154890,38469],{"class":76},[66,154892,1719],{"class":117},[66,154894,1133],{"class":80},[66,154896,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,154898,1081],{"class":154},[66,154900,158],{"class":80},[66,154902,36214],{"class":137},[66,154904,223],{"class":80},[66,154906,2354],{"class":117},[66,154908,218],{"class":80},[20,154910,154911,154912,50],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[652,154913,1755,154915],{"href":154914},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154916,154917],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[52,154919,154921],{"id":154920},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154923,154924],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154926,154927,154929],{},[33,154928,76958],{},[33,154930,154931],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154933,154934],{},"Indexing example:",[57,154936,154938],{"className":59,"code":154937,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154939,154940,154964,154968],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154941,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154943,1706],{"class":72},[66,154945,77],{"class":76},[66,154947,9527],{"class":80},[66,154949,2628],{"class":117},[66,154951,105],{"class":80},[66,154953,118],{"class":117},[66,154955,105],{"class":80},[66,154957,8088],{"class":117},[66,154959,105],{"class":80},[66,154961,50922],{"class":117},[66,154963,163],{"class":80},[66,154965,154966],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,154967,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,154969,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,154971,155],{"class":154},[66,154973,158],{"class":80},[66,154975,1735],{"class":137},[66,154977,223],{"class":80},[66,154979,1714],{"class":117},[66,154981,218],{"class":80},[20,154983,187],{},[57,154985,154986],{"className":59,"code":71307,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,154987,154988],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,154989,154990],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,154991,71307],{"class":117},[20,154993,154994],{},"Slicing example:",[57,154996,154998],{"className":59,"code":154997,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154999,155000,155024,155028],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155001,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155003,1706],{"class":72},[66,155005,77],{"class":76},[66,155007,9527],{"class":80},[66,155009,2628],{"class":117},[66,155011,105],{"class":80},[66,155013,118],{"class":117},[66,155015,105],{"class":80},[66,155017,8088],{"class":117},[66,155019,105],{"class":80},[66,155021,50922],{"class":117},[66,155023,163],{"class":80},[66,155025,155026],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155027,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,155029,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,155031,155],{"class":154},[66,155033,158],{"class":80},[66,155035,1735],{"class":137},[66,155037,223],{"class":80},[66,155039,1714],{"class":117},[66,155041,94],{"class":80},[66,155043,2360],{"class":117},[66,155045,218],{"class":80},[20,155047,187],{},[57,155049,155051],{"className":59,"code":155050,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155052,155053],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155054,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155056,158],{"class":80},[66,155058,16028],{"class":117},[66,155060,105],{"class":80},[66,155062,8088],{"class":117},[66,155064,163],{"class":80},[20,155066,155067,155068,50],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[652,155069,150989],{"href":150988},[52,155071,155073],{"id":155072},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155075,155076],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155078,155079],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155081,6981],{},[57,155083,155085],{"className":59,"code":155084,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155086,155087,155119],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155088,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155090,13356],{"class":72},[66,155092,77],{"class":76},[66,155094,9527],{"class":80},[66,155096,85],{"class":84},[66,155098,13373],{"class":88},[66,155100,85],{"class":84},[66,155102,105],{"class":80},[66,155104,97],{"class":84},[66,155106,17716],{"class":88},[66,155108,85],{"class":84},[66,155110,105],{"class":80},[66,155112,97],{"class":84},[66,155114,13390],{"class":88},[66,155116,85],{"class":84},[66,155118,163],{"class":80},[66,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155122,155],{"class":154},[66,155124,158],{"class":80},[66,155126,17763],{"class":137},[66,155128,223],{"class":80},[66,155130,1714],{"class":117},[66,155132,218],{"class":80},[20,155134,155135],{},"But this does not work:",[57,155137,155139],{"className":59,"code":155138,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155140,155141,155173],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155142,155143,155145,155147,155149,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155144,13356],{"class":72},[66,155146,77],{"class":76},[66,155148,9527],{"class":80},[66,155150,85],{"class":84},[66,155152,13373],{"class":88},[66,155154,85],{"class":84},[66,155156,105],{"class":80},[66,155158,97],{"class":84},[66,155160,17716],{"class":88},[66,155162,85],{"class":84},[66,155164,105],{"class":80},[66,155166,97],{"class":84},[66,155168,13390],{"class":88},[66,155170,85],{"class":84},[66,155172,163],{"class":80},[66,155174,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155176,17763],{"class":72},[66,155178,223],{"class":80},[66,155180,1714],{"class":117},[66,155182,365],{"class":80},[66,155184,368],{"class":76},[66,155186,97],{"class":84},[66,155188,22778],{"class":88},[66,155190,376],{"class":84},[20,155192,155193],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155195,155196],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[52,155198,1838],{"id":1837},[20,155200,155201],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,155203,155204,155210,155213,155216],{},[33,155205,132800,155206,11376,155208],{},[15,155207,1714],{},[15,155209,2021],{},[33,155211,155212],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,155214,155215],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,155217,155218,155219],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155220,155221],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155223,62377],{},[57,155225,155227],{"className":59,"code":155226,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155228,155229,155239,155253,155267,155283],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155230,155231,155233,155235,155237],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155232,155],{"class":154},[66,155234,158],{"class":80},[66,155236,148090],{"class":137},[66,155238,163],{"class":80},[66,155240,155241,155243,155245,155247,155249,155251],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155242,155],{"class":154},[66,155244,158],{"class":80},[66,155246,11445],{"class":154},[66,155248,158],{"class":80},[66,155250,148090],{"class":137},[66,155252,181],{"class":80},[66,155254,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,155256,155],{"class":154},[66,155258,158],{"class":80},[66,155260,148090],{"class":137},[66,155262,223],{"class":80},[66,155264,2021],{"class":117},[66,155266,218],{"class":80},[66,155268,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277,155279,155281],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,155270,155],{"class":154},[66,155272,158],{"class":80},[66,155274,148090],{"class":137},[66,155276,223],{"class":80},[66,155278,2319],{"class":76},[66,155280,1714],{"class":117},[66,155282,218],{"class":80},[66,155284,155285,155287,155289,155291,155293,155295],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,155286,155],{"class":154},[66,155288,158],{"class":80},[66,155290,912],{"class":173},[66,155292,158],{"class":80},[66,155294,148090],{"class":137},[66,155296,181],{"class":80},[20,155298,155299],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,155301,155302,155305,155307,155310],{},[33,155303,155304],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,155306,60866],{},[33,155308,155309],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,155311,155312],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[52,155314,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,155316,155318],{"id":155317},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155320,155321,155322,50],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155323,2021],{},[1430,155325,155327],{"id":155326},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155329,243,155330,155332],{},[15,155331,65937],{}," as the index:",[57,155334,155336],{"className":59,"code":155335,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155337,155338],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155339,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155341,148090],{"class":72},[66,155343,223],{"class":80},[66,155345,2319],{"class":76},[66,155347,1714],{"class":117},[66,155349,240],{"class":80},[1430,155351,155353],{"id":155352},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155355,155356],{},"Python raises:",[57,155358,155360],{"className":59,"code":155359,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155361,155362],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155363,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155365,70814],{"class":173},[66,155367,94],{"class":80},[66,155369,149438],{"class":173},[66,155371,154788],{"class":72},[66,155373,71006],{"class":154},[1430,155375,155377],{"id":155376},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155379,155380],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[52,155382,2183],{"id":2182},[30,155384,155385,155390,155394,155398,155404],{},[33,155386,155387],{},[652,155388,155389],{"href":148075},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,155391,155392],{},[652,155393,150989],{"href":150988},[33,155395,155396],{},[652,155397,150994],{"href":149310},[33,155399,155400],{},[652,155401,2218,155402],{"href":154914},[15,155403,154917],{},[33,155405,155406],{},[652,155407,148072],{"href":148071},[2222,155409,155410],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":155412},[155413,155414,155415,155416,155417,155418,155419,155420,155421,155422,155428],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":154176,"depth":124,"text":154177},{"id":154302,"depth":124,"text":154303},{"id":154440,"depth":124,"text":154441},{"id":154567,"depth":124,"text":154568},{"id":154692,"depth":124,"text":154693},{"id":154920,"depth":124,"text":154921},{"id":155072,"depth":124,"text":155073},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":155423},[155424,155425,155426,155427],{"id":155317,"depth":144,"text":155318},{"id":155326,"depth":144,"text":155327},{"id":155352,"depth":144,"text":155353},{"id":155376,"depth":144,"text":155377},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154033,"description":155429},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155435,"title":155436,"body":155437,"description":157326,"extension":2260,"meta":157327,"navigation":147,"path":157328,"seo":157329,"stem":157330,"__hash__":157331},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155438,"toc":157283},[155439,155445,155450,155501,155505,155513,155519,155521,155537,155539,155542,155557,155559,155572,155574,155631,155635,155643,155650,155656,155662,155666,155717,155721,155729,155733,155762,155766,155774,155778,155811,155815,155823,155827,155830,155881,155885,155893,155895,155912,155916,155920,155979,155983,155991,155994,156021,156025,156033,156037,156043,156118,156122,156159,156167,156171,156234,156238,156246,156251,156255,156261,156304,156308,156316,156322,156325,156372,156376,156384,156393,156399,156454,156458,156466,156469,156473,156475,156506,156510,156529,156532,156577,156581,156604,156610,156615,156617,156664,156669,156672,156720,156724,156732,156736,156741,156745,156795,156799,156814,156818,156876,156880,156895,156899,156970,156974,156983,156987,157066,157070,157092,157100,157102,157105,157130,157132,157185,157187,157204,157206,157210,157216,157221,157226,157230,157235,157239,157244,157250,157253,157255,157280],[10,155440,155442,155443,3954],{"id":155441},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155444,11445],{},[20,155446,243,155447,155449],{},[15,155448,42436],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[57,155451,155453],{"className":59,"code":155452,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155454,155455,155487],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155456,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155458,13356],{"class":72},[66,155460,77],{"class":76},[66,155462,9527],{"class":80},[66,155464,85],{"class":84},[66,155466,13373],{"class":88},[66,155468,85],{"class":84},[66,155470,105],{"class":80},[66,155472,97],{"class":84},[66,155474,17716],{"class":88},[66,155476,85],{"class":84},[66,155478,105],{"class":80},[66,155480,97],{"class":84},[66,155482,13390],{"class":88},[66,155484,85],{"class":84},[66,155486,163],{"class":80},[66,155488,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155490,155],{"class":154},[66,155492,158],{"class":80},[66,155494,11445],{"class":154},[66,155496,158],{"class":80},[66,155498,17763],{"class":137},[66,155500,181],{"class":80},[20,155502,155503],{},[185,155504,187],{},[57,155506,155507],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155508,155509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155510,155511],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155512,46694],{"class":117},[20,155514,243,155515,155518],{},[15,155516,155517],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[52,155520,15437],{"id":15436},[30,155522,155523,155528,155532,155535],{},[33,155524,4492,155525,155527],{},[15,155526,42436],{}," works with tuples",[33,155529,68341,155530,2108],{},[15,155531,42436],{},[33,155533,155534],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,155536,4814],{},[52,155538,2455],{"id":2454},[20,155540,155541],{},"Use this pattern:",[57,155543,155545],{"className":59,"code":155544,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155546,155547],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155548,155549,155551,155553,155555],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155550,11445],{"class":154},[66,155552,158],{"class":80},[66,155554,148090],{"class":137},[66,155556,163],{"class":80},[20,155558,261],{},[30,155560,155561,155564,155567],{},[33,155562,155563],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,155565,155566],{},"The result is an integer",[33,155568,155569,155571],{},[15,155570,42436],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155573,281],{},[57,155575,155577],{"className":59,"code":155576,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155578,155579,155603,155617,155621],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155580,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155582,1706],{"class":72},[66,155584,77],{"class":76},[66,155586,9527],{"class":80},[66,155588,2628],{"class":117},[66,155590,105],{"class":80},[66,155592,118],{"class":117},[66,155594,105],{"class":80},[66,155596,8088],{"class":117},[66,155598,105],{"class":80},[66,155600,50922],{"class":117},[66,155602,163],{"class":80},[66,155604,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155606,41316],{"class":72},[66,155608,77],{"class":76},[66,155610,38459],{"class":154},[66,155612,158],{"class":80},[66,155614,1735],{"class":137},[66,155616,163],{"class":80},[66,155618,155619],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,155620,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,155622,155623,155625,155627,155629],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,155624,155],{"class":154},[66,155626,158],{"class":80},[66,155628,41334],{"class":137},[66,155630,163],{"class":80},[20,155632,155633],{},[185,155634,187],{},[57,155636,155637],{"className":59,"code":48728,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155638,155639],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155640,155641],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155642,48728],{"class":117},[20,155644,155645,155646,50],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[652,155647,3870,155648,3803],{"href":42433},[15,155649,42436],{},[52,155651,250,155653,155655],{"id":155652},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155654,42436],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155657,155658,155659,155661],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155660,42436],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1430,155663,155665],{"id":155664},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[57,155667,155669],{"className":59,"code":155668,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155670,155671,155703],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155672,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155674,36310],{"class":72},[66,155676,77],{"class":76},[66,155678,9527],{"class":80},[66,155680,85],{"class":84},[66,155682,4372],{"class":88},[66,155684,85],{"class":84},[66,155686,105],{"class":80},[66,155688,97],{"class":84},[66,155690,4381],{"class":88},[66,155692,85],{"class":84},[66,155694,105],{"class":80},[66,155696,97],{"class":84},[66,155698,33288],{"class":88},[66,155700,85],{"class":84},[66,155702,163],{"class":80},[66,155704,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155706,155],{"class":154},[66,155708,158],{"class":80},[66,155710,11445],{"class":154},[66,155712,158],{"class":80},[66,155714,36362],{"class":137},[66,155716,181],{"class":80},[20,155718,155719],{},[185,155720,187],{},[57,155722,155723],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155724,155725],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155726,155727],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155728,46694],{"class":117},[1430,155730,155732],{"id":155731},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[57,155734,155736],{"className":59,"code":155735,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155737,155738,155747],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155739,155740,155743,155745],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155741,155742],{"class":72},"empty_tuple ",[66,155744,77],{"class":76},[66,155746,149414],{"class":80},[66,155748,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155760],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155750,155],{"class":154},[66,155752,158],{"class":80},[66,155754,11445],{"class":154},[66,155756,158],{"class":80},[66,155758,155759],{"class":137},"empty_tuple",[66,155761,181],{"class":80},[20,155763,155764],{},[185,155765,187],{},[57,155767,155768],{"className":59,"code":47329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155769,155770],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155771,155772],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155773,47329],{"class":117},[1430,155775,155777],{"id":155776},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[57,155779,155781],{"className":59,"code":155780,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155782,155783,155796],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155784,155785,155788,155790,155792,155794],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155786,155787],{"class":72},"single_value ",[66,155789,77],{"class":76},[66,155791,9527],{"class":80},[66,155793,2433],{"class":117},[66,155795,149428],{"class":80},[66,155797,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806,155809],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155799,155],{"class":154},[66,155801,158],{"class":80},[66,155803,11445],{"class":154},[66,155805,158],{"class":80},[66,155807,155808],{"class":137},"single_value",[66,155810,181],{"class":80},[20,155812,155813],{},[185,155814,187],{},[57,155816,155817],{"className":59,"code":46994,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155818,155819],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155820,155821],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155822,46994],{"class":117},[1430,155824,155826],{"id":155825},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155828,155829],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[57,155831,155833],{"className":59,"code":155832,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155834,155835,155867],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155836,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155838,472],{"class":72},[66,155840,77],{"class":76},[66,155842,9527],{"class":80},[66,155844,1714],{"class":117},[66,155846,105],{"class":80},[66,155848,9527],{"class":80},[66,155850,2354],{"class":117},[66,155852,105],{"class":80},[66,155854,1724],{"class":117},[66,155856,9524],{"class":80},[66,155858,1711],{"class":80},[66,155860,2803],{"class":117},[66,155862,105],{"class":80},[66,155864,1231],{"class":117},[66,155866,218],{"class":80},[66,155868,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155870,155],{"class":154},[66,155872,158],{"class":80},[66,155874,11445],{"class":154},[66,155876,158],{"class":80},[66,155878,535],{"class":137},[66,155880,181],{"class":80},[20,155882,155883],{},[185,155884,187],{},[57,155886,155887],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155888,155889],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155890,155891],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155892,46694],{"class":117},[20,155894,20216],{},[30,155896,155897,155902,155907],{},[33,155898,155899,155901],{},[15,155900,1714],{}," is one item",[33,155903,155904,155901],{},[15,155905,155906],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155908,155909,155901],{},[15,155910,155911],{},"[4, 5]",[52,155913,155915],{"id":155914},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1430,155917,155919],{"id":155918},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[57,155921,155923],{"className":59,"code":155922,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155924,155925,155965],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155926,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155928,13356],{"class":72},[66,155930,77],{"class":76},[66,155932,9527],{"class":80},[66,155934,85],{"class":84},[66,155936,13373],{"class":88},[66,155938,85],{"class":84},[66,155940,105],{"class":80},[66,155942,97],{"class":84},[66,155944,17716],{"class":88},[66,155946,85],{"class":84},[66,155948,105],{"class":80},[66,155950,97],{"class":84},[66,155952,13390],{"class":88},[66,155954,85],{"class":84},[66,155956,105],{"class":80},[66,155958,97],{"class":84},[66,155960,22778],{"class":88},[66,155962,85],{"class":84},[66,155964,163],{"class":80},[66,155966,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,155968,155],{"class":154},[66,155970,158],{"class":80},[66,155972,11445],{"class":154},[66,155974,158],{"class":80},[66,155976,17763],{"class":137},[66,155978,181],{"class":80},[20,155980,155981],{},[185,155982,187],{},[57,155984,155985],{"className":59,"code":48728,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,155986,155987],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,155988,155989],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,155990,48728],{"class":117},[1430,155992,155732],{"id":155993},"empty-tuple-1",[57,155995,155997],{"className":59,"code":155996,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155998,155999,156007],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156000,156001,156003,156005],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156002,8073],{"class":72},[66,156004,77],{"class":76},[66,156006,149414],{"class":80},[66,156008,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156010,155],{"class":154},[66,156012,158],{"class":80},[66,156014,11445],{"class":154},[66,156016,158],{"class":80},[66,156018,8103],{"class":137},[66,156020,181],{"class":80},[20,156022,156023],{},[185,156024,187],{},[57,156026,156027],{"className":59,"code":47329,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,156028,156029],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156030,156031],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156032,47329],{"class":117},[1430,156034,156036],{"id":156035},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156038,156039,156040,156042],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[185,156041,4926],{}," always a tuple.",[57,156044,156046],{"className":59,"code":156045,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156047,156048,156060,156072,156076,156090,156104],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156049,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156051,2853],{"class":72},[66,156053,77],{"class":76},[66,156055,9527],{"class":80},[66,156057,2433],{"class":117},[66,156059,163],{"class":80},[66,156061,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156063,2881],{"class":72},[66,156065,77],{"class":76},[66,156067,9527],{"class":80},[66,156069,2433],{"class":117},[66,156071,149428],{"class":80},[66,156073,156074],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,156075,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,156077,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,156079,155],{"class":154},[66,156081,158],{"class":80},[66,156083,912],{"class":173},[66,156085,158],{"class":80},[66,156087,652],{"class":137},[66,156089,181],{"class":80},[66,156091,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,156093,155],{"class":154},[66,156095,158],{"class":80},[66,156097,912],{"class":173},[66,156099,158],{"class":80},[66,156101,1903],{"class":137},[66,156103,181],{"class":80},[66,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,156107,155],{"class":154},[66,156109,158],{"class":80},[66,156111,11445],{"class":154},[66,156113,158],{"class":80},[66,156115,1903],{"class":137},[66,156117,181],{"class":80},[20,156119,156120],{},[185,156121,187],{},[57,156123,156125],{"className":59,"code":156124,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156126,156127,156141,156155],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156128,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156130,954],{"class":76},[66,156132,958],{"class":957},[66,156134,211],{"class":84},[66,156136,2486],{"class":88},[66,156138,202],{"class":84},[66,156140,967],{"class":76},[66,156142,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156144,954],{"class":76},[66,156146,958],{"class":957},[66,156148,211],{"class":84},[66,156150,49031],{"class":88},[66,156152,202],{"class":84},[66,156154,967],{"class":76},[66,156156,156157],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,156158,46994],{"class":117},[20,156160,156161,156162,4688,156165,50],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[652,156163,156164],{"href":148075},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[652,156166,149376],{"href":149375},[1430,156168,156170],{"id":156169},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[57,156172,156174],{"className":59,"code":156173,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156175,156176,156220],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156177,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156179,59554],{"class":72},[66,156181,77],{"class":76},[66,156183,9527],{"class":80},[66,156185,85],{"class":84},[66,156187,4372],{"class":88},[66,156189,85],{"class":84},[66,156191,105],{"class":80},[66,156193,1711],{"class":80},[66,156195,1714],{"class":117},[66,156197,105],{"class":80},[66,156199,1719],{"class":117},[66,156201,18323],{"class":80},[66,156203,9527],{"class":80},[66,156205,85],{"class":84},[66,156207,2471],{"class":88},[66,156209,85],{"class":84},[66,156211,105],{"class":80},[66,156213,97],{"class":84},[66,156215,12026],{"class":88},[66,156217,85],{"class":84},[66,156219,181],{"class":80},[66,156221,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156223,155],{"class":154},[66,156225,158],{"class":80},[66,156227,11445],{"class":154},[66,156229,158],{"class":80},[66,156231,59607],{"class":137},[66,156233,181],{"class":80},[20,156235,156236],{},[185,156237,187],{},[57,156239,156240],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,156241,156242],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156243,156244],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156245,46694],{"class":117},[20,156247,156248,156250],{},[15,156249,42436],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[52,156252,156254],{"id":156253},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1430,156256,156258,156260],{"id":156257},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156259,42436],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[57,156262,156264],{"className":59,"code":156263,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156265,156266,156290],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156267,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156269,4363],{"class":72},[66,156271,77],{"class":76},[66,156273,9527],{"class":80},[66,156275,85],{"class":84},[66,156277,63678],{"class":88},[66,156279,85],{"class":84},[66,156281,105],{"class":80},[66,156283,97],{"class":84},[66,156285,61],{"class":88},[66,156287,85],{"class":84},[66,156289,163],{"class":80},[66,156291,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156293,155],{"class":154},[66,156295,158],{"class":80},[66,156297,11445],{"class":154},[66,156299,158],{"class":80},[66,156301,4407],{"class":137},[66,156303,181],{"class":80},[20,156305,156306],{},[185,156307,187],{},[57,156309,156310],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,156311,156312],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156313,156314],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156315,17328],{"class":117},[20,156317,156318,156319,156321],{},"This result is ",[15,156320,2354],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156323,156324],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[57,156326,156328],{"className":59,"code":156327,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156329,156330,156354],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156331,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156333,4363],{"class":72},[66,156335,77],{"class":76},[66,156337,9527],{"class":80},[66,156339,85],{"class":84},[66,156341,63678],{"class":88},[66,156343,85],{"class":84},[66,156345,105],{"class":80},[66,156347,97],{"class":84},[66,156349,61],{"class":88},[66,156351,85],{"class":84},[66,156353,163],{"class":80},[66,156355,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368,156370],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156357,155],{"class":154},[66,156359,158],{"class":80},[66,156361,11445],{"class":154},[66,156363,158],{"class":80},[66,156365,4407],{"class":137},[66,156367,223],{"class":80},[66,156369,2021],{"class":117},[66,156371,3296],{"class":80},[20,156373,156374],{},[185,156375,187],{},[57,156377,156378],{"className":59,"code":17328,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,156379,156380],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156381,156382],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156383,17328],{"class":117},[20,156385,21030,156386,156389,156390,50],{},[15,156387,156388],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156391,156392],{},"\"hi\"",[1430,156394,156396,156398],{"id":156395},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156397,42436],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[57,156400,156402],{"className":59,"code":156401,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156403,156404,156440],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156405,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156407,4116],{"class":72},[66,156409,77],{"class":76},[66,156411,10283],{"class":80},[66,156413,1714],{"class":117},[66,156415,105],{"class":80},[66,156417,1719],{"class":117},[66,156419,9524],{"class":80},[66,156421,9527],{"class":80},[66,156423,2360],{"class":117},[66,156425,105],{"class":80},[66,156427,2755],{"class":117},[66,156429,9524],{"class":80},[66,156431,9527],{"class":80},[66,156433,2433],{"class":117},[66,156435,105],{"class":80},[66,156437,37716],{"class":117},[66,156439,181],{"class":80},[66,156441,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156443,155],{"class":154},[66,156445,158],{"class":80},[66,156447,11445],{"class":154},[66,156449,158],{"class":80},[66,156451,5655],{"class":137},[66,156453,181],{"class":80},[20,156455,156456],{},[185,156457,187],{},[57,156459,156460],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,156461,156462],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156463,156464],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156465,46694],{"class":117},[20,156467,156468],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1430,156470,156472],{"id":156471},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156474,1766],{},[57,156476,156478],{"className":59,"code":156477,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156479,156480,156492],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156481,156482,156484,156486,156488,156490],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156483,2745],{"class":72},[66,156485,77],{"class":76},[66,156487,9527],{"class":80},[66,156489,2628],{"class":117},[66,156491,163],{"class":80},[66,156493,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156495,155],{"class":154},[66,156497,158],{"class":80},[66,156499,912],{"class":173},[66,156501,158],{"class":80},[66,156503,2771],{"class":137},[66,156505,181],{"class":80},[20,156507,156508],{},[185,156509,187],{},[57,156511,156513],{"className":59,"code":156512,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156514,156515],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156516,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525,156527],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156518,954],{"class":76},[66,156520,958],{"class":957},[66,156522,211],{"class":84},[66,156524,2486],{"class":88},[66,156526,202],{"class":84},[66,156528,967],{"class":76},[20,156530,156531],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[57,156533,156535],{"className":59,"code":156534,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156536,156537,156549,156563],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156538,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156540,2745],{"class":72},[66,156542,77],{"class":76},[66,156544,9527],{"class":80},[66,156546,2628],{"class":117},[66,156548,149428],{"class":80},[66,156550,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156552,155],{"class":154},[66,156554,158],{"class":80},[66,156556,912],{"class":173},[66,156558,158],{"class":80},[66,156560,2771],{"class":137},[66,156562,181],{"class":80},[66,156564,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,156566,155],{"class":154},[66,156568,158],{"class":80},[66,156570,11445],{"class":154},[66,156572,158],{"class":80},[66,156574,2771],{"class":137},[66,156576,181],{"class":80},[20,156578,156579],{},[185,156580,187],{},[57,156582,156584],{"className":59,"code":156583,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156585,156586,156600],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156587,156588,156590,156592,156594,156596,156598],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156589,954],{"class":76},[66,156591,958],{"class":957},[66,156593,211],{"class":84},[66,156595,49031],{"class":88},[66,156597,202],{"class":84},[66,156599,967],{"class":76},[66,156601,156602],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156603,46994],{"class":117},[1430,156605,156607,156609],{"id":156606},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156608,11445],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156611,44505,156612,156614],{},[15,156613,11445],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156616,44536],{},[57,156618,156620],{"className":59,"code":156619,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156621,156622,156630,156650],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156623,156624,156626,156628],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156625,11445],{"class":154},[66,156627,368],{"class":76},[66,156629,2886],{"class":117},[66,156631,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646,156648],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156633,1706],{"class":72},[66,156635,77],{"class":76},[66,156637,9527],{"class":80},[66,156639,1714],{"class":117},[66,156641,105],{"class":80},[66,156643,1719],{"class":117},[66,156645,105],{"class":80},[66,156647,1724],{"class":117},[66,156649,163],{"class":80},[66,156651,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,156653,155],{"class":154},[66,156655,158],{"class":80},[66,156657,11445],{"class":154},[66,156659,158],{"class":80},[66,156661,1735],{"class":137},[66,156663,181],{"class":80},[20,156665,39727,156666,156668],{},[15,156667,11445],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156670,156671],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[57,156673,156675],{"className":59,"code":156674,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156676,156677,156686,156706],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156678,156679,156682,156684],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156680,156681],{"class":72},"length_value ",[66,156683,77],{"class":76},[66,156685,2886],{"class":117},[66,156687,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156689,1706],{"class":72},[66,156691,77],{"class":76},[66,156693,9527],{"class":80},[66,156695,1714],{"class":117},[66,156697,105],{"class":80},[66,156699,1719],{"class":117},[66,156701,105],{"class":80},[66,156703,1724],{"class":117},[66,156705,163],{"class":80},[66,156707,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,156709,155],{"class":154},[66,156711,158],{"class":80},[66,156713,11445],{"class":154},[66,156715,158],{"class":80},[66,156717,1735],{"class":137},[66,156719,181],{"class":80},[20,156721,156722],{},[185,156723,187],{},[57,156725,156726],{"className":59,"code":46694,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,156727,156728],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156729,156730],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156731,46694],{"class":117},[52,156733,156735],{"id":156734},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156737,156738,156740],{},[15,156739,42436],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1430,156742,156744],{"id":156743},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[57,156746,156748],{"className":59,"code":156747,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156749,156750,156758,156762,156780],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156751,156752,156754,156756],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156753,8073],{"class":72},[66,156755,77],{"class":76},[66,156757,149414],{"class":80},[66,156759,156760],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156761,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,156763,156764,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,156765,7291],{"class":1060},[66,156767,38459],{"class":154},[66,156769,158],{"class":80},[66,156771,8103],{"class":137},[66,156773,3954],{"class":80},[66,156775,6700],{"class":76},[66,156777,4127],{"class":117},[66,156779,1133],{"class":80},[66,156781,156782,156784,156786,156788,156791,156793],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,156783,1081],{"class":154},[66,156785,158],{"class":80},[66,156787,85],{"class":84},[66,156789,156790],{"class":88},"The tuple is empty",[66,156792,85],{"class":84},[66,156794,163],{"class":80},[20,156796,156797],{},[185,156798,187],{},[57,156800,156802],{"className":59,"code":156801,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156803,156804],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156805,156806,156808,156810,156812],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156807,2277],{"class":72},[66,156809,49031],{"class":173},[66,156811,8389],{"class":76},[66,156813,8395],{"class":72},[1430,156815,156817],{"id":156816},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[57,156819,156821],{"className":59,"code":156820,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156822,156823,156839,156843,156861],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156824,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156826,51464],{"class":72},[66,156828,77],{"class":76},[66,156830,9527],{"class":80},[66,156832,2803],{"class":117},[66,156834,105],{"class":80},[66,156836,6286],{"class":117},[66,156838,163],{"class":80},[66,156840,156841],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156842,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,156844,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,156846,7291],{"class":1060},[66,156848,38459],{"class":154},[66,156850,158],{"class":80},[66,156852,51489],{"class":137},[66,156854,3954],{"class":80},[66,156856,6700],{"class":76},[66,156858,1719],{"class":117},[66,156860,1133],{"class":80},[66,156862,156863,156865,156867,156869,156872,156874],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,156864,1081],{"class":154},[66,156866,158],{"class":80},[66,156868,85],{"class":84},[66,156870,156871],{"class":88},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[66,156873,85],{"class":84},[66,156875,163],{"class":80},[20,156877,156878],{},[185,156879,187],{},[57,156881,156883],{"className":59,"code":156882,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156884,156885],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156886,156887,156890,156892],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156888,156889],{"class":72},"This looks like an x",[66,156891,105],{"class":80},[66,156893,156894],{"class":72}," y coordinate\n",[1430,156896,156898],{"id":156897},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[57,156900,156902],{"className":59,"code":156901,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156903,156904,156933,156937,156955],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156905,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156929,156931],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156907,11769],{"class":72},[66,156909,77],{"class":76},[66,156911,9527],{"class":80},[66,156913,85],{"class":84},[66,156915,100],{"class":88},[66,156917,85],{"class":84},[66,156919,105],{"class":80},[66,156921,323],{"class":117},[66,156923,105],{"class":80},[66,156925,97],{"class":84},[66,156927,156928],{"class":88},"Canada",[66,156930,85],{"class":84},[66,156932,163],{"class":80},[66,156934,156935],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,156936,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,156938,156939,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,156940,7291],{"class":1060},[66,156942,38459],{"class":154},[66,156944,158],{"class":80},[66,156946,11863],{"class":137},[66,156948,3954],{"class":80},[66,156950,6700],{"class":76},[66,156952,1724],{"class":117},[66,156954,1133],{"class":80},[66,156956,156957,156959,156961,156963,156966,156968],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,156958,1081],{"class":154},[66,156960,158],{"class":80},[66,156962,85],{"class":84},[66,156964,156965],{"class":88},"User record has the expected number of values",[66,156967,85],{"class":84},[66,156969,163],{"class":80},[20,156971,156972],{},[185,156973,187],{},[57,156975,156977],{"className":59,"code":156976,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156978,156979],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156980,156981],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156982,156976],{"class":72},[1430,156984,156986],{"id":156985},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[57,156988,156990],{"className":59,"code":156989,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156991,156992,157024,157028,157048],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,156993,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,156995,36161],{"class":72},[66,156997,77],{"class":76},[66,156999,9527],{"class":80},[66,157001,85],{"class":84},[66,157003,652],{"class":88},[66,157005,85],{"class":84},[66,157007,105],{"class":80},[66,157009,97],{"class":84},[66,157011,1903],{"class":88},[66,157013,85],{"class":84},[66,157015,105],{"class":80},[66,157017,97],{"class":84},[66,157019,10027],{"class":88},[66,157021,85],{"class":84},[66,157023,163],{"class":80},[66,157025,157026],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157027,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,157029,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,157031,1061],{"class":1060},[66,157033,69631],{"class":72},[66,157035,1067],{"class":1060},[66,157037,54150],{"class":154},[66,157039,158],{"class":80},[66,157041,11445],{"class":154},[66,157043,158],{"class":80},[66,157045,36214],{"class":137},[66,157047,69646],{"class":80},[66,157049,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,157051,1081],{"class":154},[66,157053,158],{"class":80},[66,157055,36225],{"class":137},[66,157057,105],{"class":80},[66,157059,70179],{"class":137},[66,157061,223],{"class":80},[66,157063,36225],{"class":137},[66,157065,218],{"class":80},[20,157067,157068],{},[185,157069,187],{},[57,157071,157072],{"className":59,"code":36237,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,157073,157074,157080,157086],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157075,157076,157078],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157077,2021],{"class":117},[66,157079,36246],{"class":72},[66,157081,157082,157084],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157083,1714],{"class":117},[66,157085,36253],{"class":72},[66,157087,157088,157090],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,157089,2354],{"class":117},[66,157091,36260],{"class":72},[20,157093,157094,157095,157097,157098,50],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[652,157096,149745],{"href":149744},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[652,157099,150989],{"href":150988},[52,157101,1838],{"id":1837},[20,157103,157104],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,157106,157107,157115,157122,157127],{},[33,157108,157109,157110,11376,157113],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157111,157112],{},"(5)",[15,157114,149579],{},[33,157116,1848,157117,157119,157120],{},[15,157118,11445],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157121,42436],{},[33,157123,1433,157124,157126],{},[15,157125,42436],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,157128,157129],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157131,32149],{},[57,157133,157135],{"className":59,"code":157134,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157136,157137,157147,157161,157175],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157138,157139,157141,157143,157145],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157140,155],{"class":154},[66,157142,158],{"class":80},[66,157144,148090],{"class":137},[66,157146,163],{"class":80},[66,157148,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157150,155],{"class":154},[66,157152,158],{"class":80},[66,157154,912],{"class":173},[66,157156,158],{"class":80},[66,157158,148090],{"class":137},[66,157160,181],{"class":80},[66,157162,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,157164,155],{"class":154},[66,157166,158],{"class":80},[66,157168,11445],{"class":154},[66,157170,158],{"class":80},[66,157172,148090],{"class":137},[66,157174,181],{"class":80},[66,157176,157177,157179,157181,157183],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,157178,32219],{"class":154},[66,157180,158],{"class":80},[66,157182,11445],{"class":154},[66,157184,163],{"class":80},[20,157186,155299],{},[30,157188,157189,157192,157195,157199],{},[33,157190,157191],{},"what value you are using",[33,157193,157194],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,157196,2105,157197,2108],{},[15,157198,42436],{},[33,157200,123463,157201,157203],{},[15,157202,42436],{}," is documented in Python",[52,157205,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,157207,157209],{"id":157208},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157211,243,157212,157215],{},[15,157213,157214],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1430,157217,12986,157219,149249],{"id":157218},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157220,42436],{},[20,157222,46442,157223,157225],{},[15,157224,42436],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1430,157227,157229],{"id":157228},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157231,157232,157233,50],{},"The length is ",[15,157234,2021],{},[1430,157236,157238],{"id":157237},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157240,150935,157241,157243],{},[15,157242,150938],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1430,157245,12986,157247,157249],{"id":157246},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157248,42436],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157251,157252],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[52,157254,2183],{"id":2182},[30,157256,157257,157263,157267,157271,157275],{},[33,157258,157259],{},[652,157260,3870,157261,3803],{"href":42433},[15,157262,42436],{},[33,157264,157265],{},[652,157266,156164],{"href":148075},[33,157268,157269],{},[652,157270,149745],{"href":149744},[33,157272,157273],{},[652,157274,150989],{"href":150988},[33,157276,157277],{},[652,157278,157279],{"href":149375},"What is a tuple in Python",[2222,157281,157282],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":157284},[157285,157286,157287,157294,157300,157309,157315,157316,157325],{"id":15436,"depth":124,"text":15437},{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":155652,"depth":124,"text":157288,"children":157289},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157290,157291,157292,157293],{"id":155664,"depth":144,"text":155665},{"id":155731,"depth":144,"text":155732},{"id":155776,"depth":144,"text":155777},{"id":155825,"depth":144,"text":155826},{"id":155914,"depth":124,"text":155915,"children":157295},[157296,157297,157298,157299],{"id":155918,"depth":144,"text":155919},{"id":155993,"depth":144,"text":155732},{"id":156035,"depth":144,"text":156036},{"id":156169,"depth":144,"text":156170},{"id":156253,"depth":124,"text":156254,"children":157301},[157302,157304,157306,157307],{"id":156257,"depth":144,"text":157303},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156395,"depth":144,"text":157305},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156471,"depth":144,"text":156472},{"id":156606,"depth":144,"text":157308},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156734,"depth":124,"text":156735,"children":157310},[157311,157312,157313,157314],{"id":156743,"depth":144,"text":156744},{"id":156816,"depth":144,"text":156817},{"id":156897,"depth":144,"text":156898},{"id":156985,"depth":144,"text":156986},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":157317},[157318,157319,157321,157322,157323],{"id":157208,"depth":144,"text":157209},{"id":157218,"depth":144,"text":157320},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157228,"depth":144,"text":157229},{"id":157237,"depth":144,"text":157238},{"id":157246,"depth":144,"text":157324},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155436,"description":157326},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157333,"title":157334,"body":157335,"description":159720,"extension":2260,"meta":159721,"navigation":147,"path":159722,"seo":159723,"stem":159724,"__hash__":159725},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157336,"toc":159681},[157337,157340,157343,157346,157369,157375,157377,157488,157492,157495,157505,157507,157606,157608,157685,157691,157695,157698,157721,157724,157741,157744,157746,157809,157811,157828,157839,157844,157846,157849,157855,157906,157908,157928,157932,157983,157985,158006,158010,158065,158067,158088,158092,158147,158149,158170,158174,158227,158229,158258,158260,158262,158265,158269,158326,158328,158349,158353,158406,158408,158433,158438,158442,158447,158465,158468,158531,158533,158554,158557,158618,158620,158641,158644,158687,158690,158694,158699,158703,158782,158784,158815,158819,158894,158896,158923,158927,158974,158976,158984,158989,158993,158996,159011,159013,159101,159103,159128,159131,159174,159183,159185,159188,159203,159206,159210,159264,159266,159286,159291,159295,159297,159335,159338,159388,159392,159465,159467,159504,159507,159509,159512,159532,159535,159604,159606,159619,159621,159625,159628,159632,159635,159640,159643,159649,159654,159656,159678],[10,157338,157334],{"id":157339},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157341,157342],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157344,157345],{},"Use this format:",[57,157347,157349],{"className":59,"code":157348,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157350,157351],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157352,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157354,49031],{"class":72},[66,157356,223],{"class":80},[66,157358,36143],{"class":72},[66,157360,94],{"class":80},[66,157362,75509],{"class":72},[66,157364,94],{"class":80},[66,157366,75512],{"class":72},[66,157368,240],{"class":80},[20,157370,2277,157371,75545,157373,50],{},[15,157372,75509],{},[185,157374,65152],{},[52,157376,55],{"id":54},[57,157378,157380],{"className":59,"code":157379,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157381,157382,157410,157414,157435,157452,157469],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157383,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157385,1706],{"class":72},[66,157387,77],{"class":76},[66,157389,9527],{"class":80},[66,157391,2628],{"class":117},[66,157393,105],{"class":80},[66,157395,118],{"class":117},[66,157397,105],{"class":80},[66,157399,8088],{"class":117},[66,157401,105],{"class":80},[66,157403,50922],{"class":117},[66,157405,105],{"class":80},[66,157407,5376],{"class":117},[66,157409,163],{"class":80},[66,157411,157412],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157413,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,157415,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,157417,155],{"class":154},[66,157419,158],{"class":80},[66,157421,1735],{"class":137},[66,157423,223],{"class":80},[66,157425,1714],{"class":117},[66,157427,94],{"class":80},[66,157429,2803],{"class":117},[66,157431,20705],{"class":80},[66,157433,157434],{"class":1945},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[66,157436,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,157438,155],{"class":154},[66,157440,158],{"class":80},[66,157442,1735],{"class":137},[66,157444,75618],{"class":80},[66,157446,2360],{"class":117},[66,157448,20705],{"class":80},[66,157450,157451],{"class":1945},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[66,157453,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,157455,155],{"class":154},[66,157457,158],{"class":80},[66,157459,1735],{"class":137},[66,157461,74205],{"class":80},[66,157463,2354],{"class":117},[66,157465,20705],{"class":80},[66,157467,157468],{"class":1945},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[66,157470,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,157472,155],{"class":154},[66,157474,158],{"class":80},[66,157476,1735],{"class":137},[66,157478,74205],{"class":80},[66,157480,2319],{"class":76},[66,157482,1714],{"class":117},[66,157484,20705],{"class":80},[66,157486,157487],{"class":1945},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[52,157489,157491],{"id":157490},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157493,157494],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,157496,157497,157499,157502],{},[33,157498,75812],{},[33,157500,157501],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,157503,157504],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157506,281],{},[57,157508,157510],{"className":59,"code":157509,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157511,157512,157560,157564,157582,157586,157596],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157513,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157515,36161],{"class":72},[66,157517,77],{"class":76},[66,157519,9527],{"class":80},[66,157521,85],{"class":84},[66,157523,652],{"class":88},[66,157525,85],{"class":84},[66,157527,105],{"class":80},[66,157529,97],{"class":84},[66,157531,1903],{"class":88},[66,157533,85],{"class":84},[66,157535,105],{"class":80},[66,157537,97],{"class":84},[66,157539,10027],{"class":88},[66,157541,85],{"class":84},[66,157543,105],{"class":80},[66,157545,97],{"class":84},[66,157547,19027],{"class":88},[66,157549,85],{"class":84},[66,157551,105],{"class":80},[66,157553,97],{"class":84},[66,157555,60529],{"class":88},[66,157557,85],{"class":84},[66,157559,163],{"class":80},[66,157561,157562],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157563,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,157565,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,157567,75742],{"class":72},[66,157569,77],{"class":76},[66,157571,70179],{"class":72},[66,157573,223],{"class":80},[66,157575,1714],{"class":117},[66,157577,94],{"class":80},[66,157579,2803],{"class":117},[66,157581,240],{"class":80},[66,157583,157584],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,157585,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,157587,157588,157590,157592,157594],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,157589,155],{"class":154},[66,157591,158],{"class":80},[66,157593,75765],{"class":137},[66,157595,163],{"class":80},[66,157597,157598,157600,157602,157604],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,157599,155],{"class":154},[66,157601,158],{"class":80},[66,157603,36214],{"class":137},[66,157605,163],{"class":80},[20,157607,187],{},[57,157609,157611],{"className":59,"code":157610,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157612,157613,157641],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157614,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157616,158],{"class":80},[66,157618,202],{"class":84},[66,157620,1903],{"class":88},[66,157622,202],{"class":84},[66,157624,105],{"class":80},[66,157626,211],{"class":84},[66,157628,10027],{"class":88},[66,157630,202],{"class":84},[66,157632,105],{"class":80},[66,157634,211],{"class":84},[66,157636,19027],{"class":88},[66,157638,202],{"class":84},[66,157640,163],{"class":80},[66,157642,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157644,158],{"class":80},[66,157646,202],{"class":84},[66,157648,652],{"class":88},[66,157650,202],{"class":84},[66,157652,105],{"class":80},[66,157654,211],{"class":84},[66,157656,1903],{"class":88},[66,157658,202],{"class":84},[66,157660,105],{"class":80},[66,157662,211],{"class":84},[66,157664,10027],{"class":88},[66,157666,202],{"class":84},[66,157668,105],{"class":80},[66,157670,211],{"class":84},[66,157672,19027],{"class":88},[66,157674,202],{"class":84},[66,157676,105],{"class":80},[66,157678,211],{"class":84},[66,157680,60529],{"class":88},[66,157682,202],{"class":84},[66,157684,163],{"class":80},[20,157686,157687,157688,50],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[652,157689,148072],{"href":157690},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[52,157692,157694],{"id":157693},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157696,157697],{},"The full syntax is:",[57,157699,157701],{"className":59,"code":157700,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157702,157703],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157704,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157706,148090],{"class":72},[66,157708,223],{"class":80},[66,157710,36143],{"class":72},[66,157712,94],{"class":80},[66,157714,75509],{"class":72},[66,157716,94],{"class":80},[66,157718,75512],{"class":72},[66,157720,240],{"class":80},[20,157722,157723],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157725,157726,157731,157736],{},[33,157727,157728,157730],{},[15,157729,36143],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157732,157733,157735],{},[15,157734,75509],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157737,157738,157740],{},[15,157739,75512],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157742,157743],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157745,281],{},[57,157747,157749],{"className":59,"code":157748,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157750,157751,157783,157787],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157752,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157754,1706],{"class":72},[66,157756,77],{"class":76},[66,157758,9527],{"class":80},[66,157760,2628],{"class":117},[66,157762,105],{"class":80},[66,157764,118],{"class":117},[66,157766,105],{"class":80},[66,157768,8088],{"class":117},[66,157770,105],{"class":80},[66,157772,50922],{"class":117},[66,157774,105],{"class":80},[66,157776,5376],{"class":117},[66,157778,105],{"class":80},[66,157780,76183],{"class":117},[66,157782,163],{"class":80},[66,157784,157785],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157786,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,157788,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,157790,155],{"class":154},[66,157792,158],{"class":80},[66,157794,1735],{"class":137},[66,157796,223],{"class":80},[66,157798,1714],{"class":117},[66,157800,94],{"class":80},[66,157802,2433],{"class":117},[66,157804,94],{"class":80},[66,157806,2354],{"class":117},[66,157808,218],{"class":80},[20,157810,187],{},[57,157812,157814],{"className":59,"code":157813,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157815,157816],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157817,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157819,158],{"class":80},[66,157821,16028],{"class":117},[66,157823,105],{"class":80},[66,157825,50922],{"class":117},[66,157827,163],{"class":80},[20,157829,157830,157831,157833,157834,157836,157837,50],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157832,1714],{},", stops before index ",[15,157835,2433],{},", and moves by ",[15,157838,2354],{},[20,157840,157841,157842,50],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[652,157843,149745],{"href":153171},[52,157845,76099],{"id":76098},[20,157847,157848],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1430,157850,157852,157853,6258],{"id":157851},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157854,76113],{},[57,157856,157858],{"className":59,"code":157857,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157859,157860,157888,157892],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157861,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157863,1706],{"class":72},[66,157865,77],{"class":76},[66,157867,9527],{"class":80},[66,157869,2628],{"class":117},[66,157871,105],{"class":80},[66,157873,118],{"class":117},[66,157875,105],{"class":80},[66,157877,8088],{"class":117},[66,157879,105],{"class":80},[66,157881,50922],{"class":117},[66,157883,105],{"class":80},[66,157885,5376],{"class":117},[66,157887,163],{"class":80},[66,157889,157890],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157891,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,157893,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,157895,155],{"class":154},[66,157897,158],{"class":80},[66,157899,1735],{"class":137},[66,157901,75618],{"class":80},[66,157903,2360],{"class":117},[66,157905,218],{"class":80},[20,157907,187],{},[57,157909,157910],{"className":59,"code":151437,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,157911,157912],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157913,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157915,158],{"class":80},[66,157917,2628],{"class":117},[66,157919,105],{"class":80},[66,157921,118],{"class":117},[66,157923,105],{"class":80},[66,157925,8088],{"class":117},[66,157927,163],{"class":80},[1430,157929,157931],{"id":157930},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[57,157933,157935],{"className":59,"code":157934,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157936,157937,157965,157969],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157938,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157940,1706],{"class":72},[66,157942,77],{"class":76},[66,157944,9527],{"class":80},[66,157946,2628],{"class":117},[66,157948,105],{"class":80},[66,157950,118],{"class":117},[66,157952,105],{"class":80},[66,157954,8088],{"class":117},[66,157956,105],{"class":80},[66,157958,50922],{"class":117},[66,157960,105],{"class":80},[66,157962,5376],{"class":117},[66,157964,163],{"class":80},[66,157966,157967],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,157968,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,157970,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,157972,155],{"class":154},[66,157974,158],{"class":80},[66,157976,1735],{"class":137},[66,157978,223],{"class":80},[66,157980,2354],{"class":117},[66,157982,77799],{"class":80},[20,157984,187],{},[57,157986,157988],{"className":59,"code":157987,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157989,157990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,157991,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,157993,158],{"class":80},[66,157995,36913],{"class":117},[66,157997,105],{"class":80},[66,157999,50922],{"class":117},[66,158001,105],{"class":80},[66,158003,5376],{"class":117},[66,158005,163],{"class":80},[1430,158007,158009],{"id":158008},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[57,158011,158013],{"className":59,"code":158012,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158014,158015,158043,158047],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158016,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158018,1706],{"class":72},[66,158020,77],{"class":76},[66,158022,9527],{"class":80},[66,158024,2628],{"class":117},[66,158026,105],{"class":80},[66,158028,118],{"class":117},[66,158030,105],{"class":80},[66,158032,8088],{"class":117},[66,158034,105],{"class":80},[66,158036,50922],{"class":117},[66,158038,105],{"class":80},[66,158040,5376],{"class":117},[66,158042,163],{"class":80},[66,158044,158045],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158046,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158048,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158050,155],{"class":154},[66,158052,158],{"class":80},[66,158054,1735],{"class":137},[66,158056,223],{"class":80},[66,158058,1714],{"class":117},[66,158060,94],{"class":80},[66,158062,2803],{"class":117},[66,158064,218],{"class":80},[20,158066,187],{},[57,158068,158070],{"className":59,"code":158069,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158071,158072],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158073,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158075,158],{"class":80},[66,158077,16028],{"class":117},[66,158079,105],{"class":80},[66,158081,8088],{"class":117},[66,158083,105],{"class":80},[66,158085,50922],{"class":117},[66,158087,163],{"class":80},[1430,158089,158091],{"id":158090},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[57,158093,158095],{"className":59,"code":158094,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158096,158097,158129,158133],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158098,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158100,1706],{"class":72},[66,158102,77],{"class":76},[66,158104,9527],{"class":80},[66,158106,2628],{"class":117},[66,158108,105],{"class":80},[66,158110,118],{"class":117},[66,158112,105],{"class":80},[66,158114,8088],{"class":117},[66,158116,105],{"class":80},[66,158118,50922],{"class":117},[66,158120,105],{"class":80},[66,158122,5376],{"class":117},[66,158124,105],{"class":80},[66,158126,76183],{"class":117},[66,158128,163],{"class":80},[66,158130,158131],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158132,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158134,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158136,155],{"class":154},[66,158138,158],{"class":80},[66,158140,1735],{"class":137},[66,158142,74205],{"class":80},[66,158144,2354],{"class":117},[66,158146,218],{"class":80},[20,158148,187],{},[57,158150,158152],{"className":59,"code":158151,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158153,158154],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158155,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158157,158],{"class":80},[66,158159,2628],{"class":117},[66,158161,105],{"class":80},[66,158163,8088],{"class":117},[66,158165,105],{"class":80},[66,158167,5376],{"class":117},[66,158169,163],{"class":80},[1430,158171,158173],{"id":158172},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[57,158175,158177],{"className":59,"code":158176,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158178,158179,158207,158211],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158180,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158182,1706],{"class":72},[66,158184,77],{"class":76},[66,158186,9527],{"class":80},[66,158188,2628],{"class":117},[66,158190,105],{"class":80},[66,158192,118],{"class":117},[66,158194,105],{"class":80},[66,158196,8088],{"class":117},[66,158198,105],{"class":80},[66,158200,50922],{"class":117},[66,158202,105],{"class":80},[66,158204,5376],{"class":117},[66,158206,163],{"class":80},[66,158208,158209],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158210,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158212,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158214,155],{"class":154},[66,158216,158],{"class":80},[66,158218,1735],{"class":137},[66,158220,74205],{"class":80},[66,158222,2319],{"class":76},[66,158224,1714],{"class":117},[66,158226,218],{"class":80},[20,158228,187],{},[57,158230,158232],{"className":59,"code":158231,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158233,158234],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158235,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158237,158],{"class":80},[66,158239,76877],{"class":117},[66,158241,105],{"class":80},[66,158243,50922],{"class":117},[66,158245,105],{"class":80},[66,158247,8088],{"class":117},[66,158249,105],{"class":80},[66,158251,118],{"class":117},[66,158253,105],{"class":80},[66,158255,6297],{"class":117},[66,158257,163],{"class":80},[52,158259,76393],{"id":76392},[20,158261,154444],{},[20,158263,158264],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1430,158266,158268],{"id":158267},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[57,158270,158272],{"className":59,"code":158271,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158273,158274,158306,158310],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158275,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158277,1706],{"class":72},[66,158279,77],{"class":76},[66,158281,9527],{"class":80},[66,158283,2628],{"class":117},[66,158285,105],{"class":80},[66,158287,118],{"class":117},[66,158289,105],{"class":80},[66,158291,8088],{"class":117},[66,158293,105],{"class":80},[66,158295,50922],{"class":117},[66,158297,105],{"class":80},[66,158299,5376],{"class":117},[66,158301,105],{"class":80},[66,158303,76183],{"class":117},[66,158305,163],{"class":80},[66,158307,158308],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158309,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158311,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158313,155],{"class":154},[66,158315,158],{"class":80},[66,158317,1735],{"class":137},[66,158319,223],{"class":80},[66,158321,2319],{"class":76},[66,158323,2360],{"class":117},[66,158325,77799],{"class":80},[20,158327,187],{},[57,158329,158331],{"className":59,"code":158330,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158332,158333],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158334,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158336,158],{"class":80},[66,158338,56773],{"class":117},[66,158340,105],{"class":80},[66,158342,5376],{"class":117},[66,158344,105],{"class":80},[66,158346,76183],{"class":117},[66,158348,163],{"class":80},[1430,158350,158352],{"id":158351},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[57,158354,158356],{"className":59,"code":158355,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158357,158358,158386,158390],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158359,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158361,1706],{"class":72},[66,158363,77],{"class":76},[66,158365,9527],{"class":80},[66,158367,2628],{"class":117},[66,158369,105],{"class":80},[66,158371,118],{"class":117},[66,158373,105],{"class":80},[66,158375,8088],{"class":117},[66,158377,105],{"class":80},[66,158379,50922],{"class":117},[66,158381,105],{"class":80},[66,158383,5376],{"class":117},[66,158385,163],{"class":80},[66,158387,158388],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158389,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158391,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158393,155],{"class":154},[66,158395,158],{"class":80},[66,158397,1735],{"class":137},[66,158399,75618],{"class":80},[66,158401,2319],{"class":76},[66,158403,1714],{"class":117},[66,158405,218],{"class":80},[20,158407,187],{},[57,158409,158411],{"className":59,"code":158410,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158412,158413],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158416,158],{"class":80},[66,158418,2628],{"class":117},[66,158420,105],{"class":80},[66,158422,118],{"class":117},[66,158424,105],{"class":80},[66,158426,8088],{"class":117},[66,158428,105],{"class":80},[66,158430,50922],{"class":117},[66,158432,163],{"class":80},[20,158434,158435,158436,50],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[652,158437,150994],{"href":157328},[52,158439,158441],{"id":158440},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158443,2277,158444,158446],{},[15,158445,75512],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,158448,158449,158451,158453,158459],{},[33,158450,76649],{},[33,158452,76652],{},[33,158454,158455,158458],{},[15,158456,158457],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,158460,158461,158462,158464],{},"A step of ",[15,158463,2021],{}," is not allowed",[20,158466,158467],{},"Example with a positive step:",[57,158469,158471],{"className":59,"code":158470,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158472,158473,158505,158509],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158474,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158476,1706],{"class":72},[66,158478,77],{"class":76},[66,158480,9527],{"class":80},[66,158482,2628],{"class":117},[66,158484,105],{"class":80},[66,158486,118],{"class":117},[66,158488,105],{"class":80},[66,158490,8088],{"class":117},[66,158492,105],{"class":80},[66,158494,50922],{"class":117},[66,158496,105],{"class":80},[66,158498,5376],{"class":117},[66,158500,105],{"class":80},[66,158502,76183],{"class":117},[66,158504,163],{"class":80},[66,158506,158507],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158508,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158510,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158512,155],{"class":154},[66,158514,158],{"class":80},[66,158516,1735],{"class":137},[66,158518,223],{"class":80},[66,158520,1714],{"class":117},[66,158522,94],{"class":80},[66,158524,80677],{"class":117},[66,158526,94],{"class":80},[66,158528,2354],{"class":117},[66,158530,218],{"class":80},[20,158532,187],{},[57,158534,158536],{"className":59,"code":158535,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158537,158538],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158539,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158541,158],{"class":80},[66,158543,16028],{"class":117},[66,158545,105],{"class":80},[66,158547,50922],{"class":117},[66,158549,105],{"class":80},[66,158551,76183],{"class":117},[66,158553,163],{"class":80},[20,158555,158556],{},"Example with a negative step:",[57,158558,158560],{"className":59,"code":158559,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158561,158562,158590,158594],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158563,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158565,1706],{"class":72},[66,158567,77],{"class":76},[66,158569,9527],{"class":80},[66,158571,2628],{"class":117},[66,158573,105],{"class":80},[66,158575,118],{"class":117},[66,158577,105],{"class":80},[66,158579,8088],{"class":117},[66,158581,105],{"class":80},[66,158583,50922],{"class":117},[66,158585,105],{"class":80},[66,158587,5376],{"class":117},[66,158589,163],{"class":80},[66,158591,158592],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158593,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158595,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158597,155],{"class":154},[66,158599,158],{"class":80},[66,158601,1735],{"class":137},[66,158603,223],{"class":80},[66,158605,2803],{"class":117},[66,158607,94],{"class":80},[66,158609,1714],{"class":117},[66,158611,94],{"class":80},[66,158613,2319],{"class":76},[66,158615,1714],{"class":117},[66,158617,218],{"class":80},[20,158619,187],{},[57,158621,158623],{"className":59,"code":158622,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158624,158625],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158626,158627,158629,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158628,158],{"class":80},[66,158630,76877],{"class":117},[66,158632,105],{"class":80},[66,158634,50922],{"class":117},[66,158636,105],{"class":80},[66,158638,8088],{"class":117},[66,158640,163],{"class":80},[20,158642,158643],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[57,158645,158647],{"className":59,"code":158646,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158648,158649,158669,158673],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158650,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158652,1706],{"class":72},[66,158654,77],{"class":76},[66,158656,9527],{"class":80},[66,158658,2628],{"class":117},[66,158660,105],{"class":80},[66,158662,118],{"class":117},[66,158664,105],{"class":80},[66,158666,8088],{"class":117},[66,158668,163],{"class":80},[66,158670,158671],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158672,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158674,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158676,155],{"class":154},[66,158678,158],{"class":80},[66,158680,1735],{"class":137},[66,158682,74205],{"class":80},[66,158684,2021],{"class":117},[66,158686,218],{"class":80},[20,158688,158689],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[52,158691,158693],{"id":158692},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158695,158696,158697,33809],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[185,158698,49031],{},[1430,158700,158702],{"id":158701},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[57,158704,158706],{"className":59,"code":158705,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158707,158708,158732,158736,158754,158758,158768],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158709,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728,158730],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158711,1706],{"class":72},[66,158713,77],{"class":76},[66,158715,9527],{"class":80},[66,158717,2628],{"class":117},[66,158719,105],{"class":80},[66,158721,118],{"class":117},[66,158723,105],{"class":80},[66,158725,8088],{"class":117},[66,158727,105],{"class":80},[66,158729,50922],{"class":117},[66,158731,163],{"class":80},[66,158733,158734],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158735,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158737,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158739,877],{"class":72},[66,158741,77],{"class":76},[66,158743,4557],{"class":72},[66,158745,223],{"class":80},[66,158747,1714],{"class":117},[66,158749,94],{"class":80},[66,158751,2360],{"class":117},[66,158753,240],{"class":80},[66,158755,158756],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,158757,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158759,158760,158762,158764,158766],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,158761,155],{"class":154},[66,158763,158],{"class":80},[66,158765,901],{"class":137},[66,158767,163],{"class":80},[66,158769,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,158771,155],{"class":154},[66,158773,158],{"class":80},[66,158775,912],{"class":173},[66,158777,158],{"class":80},[66,158779,901],{"class":137},[66,158781,181],{"class":80},[20,158783,187],{},[57,158785,158787],{"className":59,"code":158786,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158788,158789,158801],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158790,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158792,158],{"class":80},[66,158794,16028],{"class":117},[66,158796,105],{"class":80},[66,158798,8088],{"class":117},[66,158800,163],{"class":80},[66,158802,158803,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158804,954],{"class":76},[66,158806,958],{"class":957},[66,158808,211],{"class":84},[66,158810,49031],{"class":88},[66,158812,202],{"class":84},[66,158814,967],{"class":76},[1430,158816,158818],{"id":158817},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[57,158820,158822],{"className":59,"code":158821,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158823,158824,158844,158848,158866,158870,158880],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158825,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158827,1706],{"class":72},[66,158829,77],{"class":76},[66,158831,9527],{"class":80},[66,158833,2628],{"class":117},[66,158835,105],{"class":80},[66,158837,118],{"class":117},[66,158839,105],{"class":80},[66,158841,8088],{"class":117},[66,158843,163],{"class":80},[66,158845,158846],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158847,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158849,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158851,877],{"class":72},[66,158853,77],{"class":76},[66,158855,4557],{"class":72},[66,158857,223],{"class":80},[66,158859,1714],{"class":117},[66,158861,94],{"class":80},[66,158863,2354],{"class":117},[66,158865,240],{"class":80},[66,158867,158868],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,158869,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158871,158872,158874,158876,158878],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,158873,155],{"class":154},[66,158875,158],{"class":80},[66,158877,901],{"class":137},[66,158879,163],{"class":80},[66,158881,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,158883,155],{"class":154},[66,158885,158],{"class":80},[66,158887,912],{"class":173},[66,158889,158],{"class":80},[66,158891,901],{"class":137},[66,158893,181],{"class":80},[20,158895,187],{},[57,158897,158899],{"className":59,"code":158898,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158900,158901,158909],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158902,158903,158905,158907],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158904,158],{"class":80},[66,158906,16028],{"class":117},[66,158908,149428],{"class":80},[66,158910,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158912,954],{"class":76},[66,158914,958],{"class":957},[66,158916,211],{"class":84},[66,158918,49031],{"class":88},[66,158920,202],{"class":84},[66,158922,967],{"class":76},[1430,158924,158926],{"id":158925},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[57,158928,158930],{"className":59,"code":158929,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158931,158932,158952,158956],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158933,158934,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158935,1706],{"class":72},[66,158937,77],{"class":76},[66,158939,9527],{"class":80},[66,158941,2628],{"class":117},[66,158943,105],{"class":80},[66,158945,118],{"class":117},[66,158947,105],{"class":80},[66,158949,8088],{"class":117},[66,158951,163],{"class":80},[66,158953,158954],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,158955,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,158959,155],{"class":154},[66,158961,158],{"class":80},[66,158963,1735],{"class":137},[66,158965,223],{"class":80},[66,158967,2433],{"class":117},[66,158969,94],{"class":80},[66,158971,2643],{"class":117},[66,158973,218],{"class":80},[20,158975,187],{},[57,158977,158978],{"className":59,"code":141,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,158979,158980],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,158981,158982],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,158983,141],{"class":80},[20,158985,158986,158987,50],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[652,158988,156164],{"href":151051},[52,158990,158992],{"id":158991},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158994,158995],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158997,158998,159000,159003,159008],{},[33,158999,76958],{},[33,159001,159002],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,159004,159005,159006],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159007,70814],{},[33,159009,159010],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159012,281],{},[57,159014,159016],{"className":59,"code":159015,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159017,159018,159038,159042,159059,159080],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159019,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159021,1706],{"class":72},[66,159023,77],{"class":76},[66,159025,9527],{"class":80},[66,159027,2628],{"class":117},[66,159029,105],{"class":80},[66,159031,118],{"class":117},[66,159033,105],{"class":80},[66,159035,8088],{"class":117},[66,159037,163],{"class":80},[66,159039,159040],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159041,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,159043,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159045,155],{"class":154},[66,159047,158],{"class":80},[66,159049,1735],{"class":137},[66,159051,223],{"class":80},[66,159053,1714],{"class":117},[66,159055,20705],{"class":80},[66,159057,159058],{"class":1945},"    # one item\n",[66,159060,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,159062,155],{"class":154},[66,159064,158],{"class":80},[66,159066,1735],{"class":137},[66,159068,223],{"class":80},[66,159070,1714],{"class":117},[66,159072,94],{"class":80},[66,159074,2433],{"class":117},[66,159076,20705],{"class":80},[66,159078,159079],{"class":1945},"  # slice\n",[66,159081,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,159083,155],{"class":154},[66,159085,158],{"class":80},[66,159087,1735],{"class":137},[66,159089,223],{"class":80},[66,159091,2433],{"class":117},[66,159093,94],{"class":80},[66,159095,2643],{"class":117},[66,159097,20705],{"class":80},[66,159099,159100],{"class":1945},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159102,187],{},[57,159104,159106],{"className":59,"code":159105,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159107,159108,159112,159124],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159109,159110],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159111,71307],{"class":117},[66,159113,159114,159116,159118,159120,159122],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159115,158],{"class":80},[66,159117,16028],{"class":117},[66,159119,105],{"class":80},[66,159121,8088],{"class":117},[66,159123,163],{"class":80},[66,159125,159126],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159127,141],{"class":80},[20,159129,159130],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[57,159132,159134],{"className":59,"code":159133,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159135,159136,159156,159160],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159137,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159139,1706],{"class":72},[66,159141,77],{"class":76},[66,159143,9527],{"class":80},[66,159145,2628],{"class":117},[66,159147,105],{"class":80},[66,159149,118],{"class":117},[66,159151,105],{"class":80},[66,159153,8088],{"class":117},[66,159155,163],{"class":80},[66,159157,159158],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159159,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,159161,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159163,155],{"class":154},[66,159165,158],{"class":80},[66,159167,1735],{"class":137},[66,159169,223],{"class":80},[66,159171,2433],{"class":117},[66,159173,218],{"class":80},[20,159175,159176,159177,159179,159180,50],{},"This raises an ",[15,159178,70814],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[652,159181,154917],{"href":159182},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[52,159184,15451],{"id":77225},[20,159186,159187],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,159189,159190,159193,159195,159198],{},[33,159191,159192],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,159194,60774],{},[33,159196,159197],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,159199,159200,159201],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159202,2021],{},[20,159204,159205],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1430,159207,159209],{"id":159208},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[57,159211,159212],{"className":59,"code":158012,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159213,159214,159242,159246],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159215,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238,159240],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159217,1706],{"class":72},[66,159219,77],{"class":76},[66,159221,9527],{"class":80},[66,159223,2628],{"class":117},[66,159225,105],{"class":80},[66,159227,118],{"class":117},[66,159229,105],{"class":80},[66,159231,8088],{"class":117},[66,159233,105],{"class":80},[66,159235,50922],{"class":117},[66,159237,105],{"class":80},[66,159239,5376],{"class":117},[66,159241,163],{"class":80},[66,159243,159244],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159245,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,159247,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260,159262],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159249,155],{"class":154},[66,159251,158],{"class":80},[66,159253,1735],{"class":137},[66,159255,223],{"class":80},[66,159257,1714],{"class":117},[66,159259,94],{"class":80},[66,159261,2803],{"class":117},[66,159263,218],{"class":80},[20,159265,187],{},[57,159267,159268],{"className":59,"code":158069,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159269,159270],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159271,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159273,158],{"class":80},[66,159275,16028],{"class":117},[66,159277,105],{"class":80},[66,159279,8088],{"class":117},[66,159281,105],{"class":80},[66,159283,50922],{"class":117},[66,159285,163],{"class":80},[20,159287,132496,159288,159290],{},[15,159289,2803],{}," is not included.",[1430,159292,159294],{"id":159293},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159296,4821],{},[57,159298,159300],{"className":59,"code":159299,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159301,159302,159326,159330],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159303,159304,159306,159308,159310,159312,159314,159316,159318,159320,159322,159324],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159305,1706],{"class":72},[66,159307,77],{"class":76},[66,159309,9527],{"class":80},[66,159311,2628],{"class":117},[66,159313,105],{"class":80},[66,159315,118],{"class":117},[66,159317,105],{"class":80},[66,159319,8088],{"class":117},[66,159321,105],{"class":80},[66,159323,50922],{"class":117},[66,159325,163],{"class":80},[66,159327,159328],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159329,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,159331,159332],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159333,159334],{"class":1945},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159336,159337],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[57,159339,159340],{"className":59,"code":154997,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159341,159342,159366,159370],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159343,159344,159346,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360,159362,159364],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159345,1706],{"class":72},[66,159347,77],{"class":76},[66,159349,9527],{"class":80},[66,159351,2628],{"class":117},[66,159353,105],{"class":80},[66,159355,118],{"class":117},[66,159357,105],{"class":80},[66,159359,8088],{"class":117},[66,159361,105],{"class":80},[66,159363,50922],{"class":117},[66,159365,163],{"class":80},[66,159367,159368],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159369,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,159371,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380,159382,159384,159386],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159373,155],{"class":154},[66,159375,158],{"class":80},[66,159377,1735],{"class":137},[66,159379,223],{"class":80},[66,159381,1714],{"class":117},[66,159383,94],{"class":80},[66,159385,2360],{"class":117},[66,159387,218],{"class":80},[1430,159389,159391],{"id":159390},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[57,159393,159395],{"className":59,"code":159394,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159396,159397,159421,159425,159440,159444,159455],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159398,159399,159401,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159400,1706],{"class":72},[66,159402,77],{"class":76},[66,159404,9527],{"class":80},[66,159406,2628],{"class":117},[66,159408,105],{"class":80},[66,159410,118],{"class":117},[66,159412,105],{"class":80},[66,159414,8088],{"class":117},[66,159416,105],{"class":80},[66,159418,50922],{"class":117},[66,159420,163],{"class":80},[66,159422,159423],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159424,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,159426,159427,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159428,159429],{"class":72},"slice_result ",[66,159431,77],{"class":76},[66,159433,4557],{"class":72},[66,159435,75618],{"class":80},[66,159437,2354],{"class":117},[66,159439,240],{"class":80},[66,159441,159442],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,159443,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,159445,159446,159448,159450,159453],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,159447,155],{"class":154},[66,159449,158],{"class":80},[66,159451,159452],{"class":137},"slice_result",[66,159454,163],{"class":80},[66,159456,159457,159459,159461,159463],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,159458,155],{"class":154},[66,159460,158],{"class":80},[66,159462,1735],{"class":137},[66,159464,163],{"class":80},[20,159466,187],{},[57,159468,159470],{"className":59,"code":159469,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159471,159472,159484],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159473,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159475,158],{"class":80},[66,159477,2628],{"class":117},[66,159479,105],{"class":80},[66,159481,118],{"class":117},[66,159483,163],{"class":80},[66,159485,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500,159502],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159487,158],{"class":80},[66,159489,2628],{"class":117},[66,159491,105],{"class":80},[66,159493,118],{"class":117},[66,159495,105],{"class":80},[66,159497,8088],{"class":117},[66,159499,105],{"class":80},[66,159501,50922],{"class":117},[66,159503,163],{"class":80},[20,159505,159506],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[52,159508,113810],{"id":113809},[20,159510,159511],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,159513,159514,159517,159520,159526,159529],{},[33,159515,159516],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,159518,159519],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,159521,159522,159523],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159524,159525],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,159527,159528],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,159530,159531],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159533,159534],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[57,159536,159538],{"className":59,"code":159537,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159539,159540,159550,159568,159590],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159541,159542,159544,159546,159548],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159543,155],{"class":154},[66,159545,158],{"class":80},[66,159547,148090],{"class":137},[66,159549,163],{"class":80},[66,159551,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159553,155],{"class":154},[66,159555,158],{"class":80},[66,159557,148090],{"class":137},[66,159559,223],{"class":80},[66,159561,1714],{"class":117},[66,159563,94],{"class":80},[66,159565,2803],{"class":117},[66,159567,218],{"class":80},[66,159569,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159571,155],{"class":154},[66,159573,158],{"class":80},[66,159575,912],{"class":173},[66,159577,158],{"class":80},[66,159579,148090],{"class":137},[66,159581,223],{"class":80},[66,159583,1714],{"class":117},[66,159585,94],{"class":80},[66,159587,2803],{"class":117},[66,159589,3296],{"class":80},[66,159591,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,159593,155],{"class":154},[66,159595,158],{"class":80},[66,159597,11445],{"class":154},[66,159599,158],{"class":80},[66,159601,148090],{"class":137},[66,159603,181],{"class":80},[20,159605,11454],{},[30,159607,159608,159610,159613,159616],{},[33,159609,155304],{},[33,159611,159612],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,159614,159615],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159617,159618],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[52,159620,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,159622,159624],{"id":159623},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159626,159627],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1430,159629,159631],{"id":159630},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159633,159634],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1430,159636,5438,159638,40034],{"id":159637},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159639,158457],{},[20,159641,159642],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1430,159644,159646,159647,2151],{"id":159645},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159648,70814],{},[20,159650,159651,159652,50],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159653,70814],{},[52,159655,2183],{"id":2182},[30,159657,159658,159662,159666,159670,159674],{},[33,159659,159660],{},[652,159661,156164],{"href":151051},[33,159663,159664],{},[652,159665,149745],{"href":153171},[33,159667,159668],{},[652,159669,150994],{"href":157328},[33,159671,159672],{},[652,159673,148072],{"href":157690},[33,159675,159676],{},[652,159677,154917],{"href":159182},[2222,159679,159680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":159682},[159683,159684,159685,159686,159694,159698,159699,159704,159705,159710,159711,159719],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":157490,"depth":124,"text":157491},{"id":157693,"depth":124,"text":157694},{"id":76098,"depth":124,"text":76099,"children":159687},[159688,159690,159691,159692,159693],{"id":157851,"depth":144,"text":159689},"Get the first n items",{"id":157930,"depth":144,"text":157931},{"id":158008,"depth":144,"text":158009},{"id":158090,"depth":144,"text":158091},{"id":158172,"depth":144,"text":158173},{"id":76392,"depth":124,"text":76393,"children":159695},[159696,159697],{"id":158267,"depth":144,"text":158268},{"id":158351,"depth":144,"text":158352},{"id":158440,"depth":124,"text":158441},{"id":158692,"depth":124,"text":158693,"children":159700},[159701,159702,159703],{"id":158701,"depth":144,"text":158702},{"id":158817,"depth":144,"text":158818},{"id":158925,"depth":144,"text":158926},{"id":158991,"depth":124,"text":158992},{"id":77225,"depth":124,"text":15451,"children":159706},[159707,159708,159709],{"id":159208,"depth":144,"text":159209},{"id":159293,"depth":144,"text":159294},{"id":159390,"depth":144,"text":159391},{"id":113809,"depth":124,"text":113810},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":159712},[159713,159714,159715,159717],{"id":159623,"depth":144,"text":159624},{"id":159630,"depth":144,"text":159631},{"id":159637,"depth":144,"text":159716},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159645,"depth":144,"text":159718},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157334,"description":159720},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159727,"title":159728,"body":159729,"description":161552,"extension":2260,"meta":161553,"navigation":147,"path":34877,"seo":161554,"stem":161555,"__hash__":161556},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159730,"toc":161518},[159731,159736,159741,159745,159763,159766,159781,159787,159789,159846,159848,159880,159892,159898,159903,159906,159941,159947,159949,159952,159966,159969,159971,159994,159996,160014,160017,160033,160035,160038,160151,160153,160242,160245,160250,160256,160259,160262,160361,160363,160422,160427,160430,160499,160503,160535,160551,160556,160563,160570,160582,160584,160633,160635,160658,160664,160712,160717,160724,160732,160738,160741,160765,160768,160770,160846,160848,160873,160879,160882,160887,160891,160905,160907,160970,160972,161004,161007,161023,161025,161031,161038,161040,161059,161061,161079,161086,161091,161098,161100,161137,161140,161147,161151,161154,161212,161215,161218,161273,161275,161287,161293,161295,161299,161332,161339,161341,161404,161407,161409,161414,161428,161435,161443,161452,161461,161467,161473,161475,161515],[10,159732,3870,159734,3874],{"id":159733},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159735,2599],{},[20,159737,32384,159738,159740],{},[15,159739,2599],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159742,62849,159743,104654],{},[15,159744,2599],{},[30,159746,159747,159750,159753,159756],{},[33,159748,159749],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159751,159752],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159754,159755],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159757,159758,159759],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[652,159760,159761],{"href":8512},[15,159762,3256],{},[20,159764,159765],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[57,159767,159769],{"className":59,"code":159768,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"type(object)\n",[15,159770,159771],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159772,159773,159775,159777,159779],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159774,912],{"class":173},[66,159776,158],{"class":80},[66,159778,42474],{"class":173},[66,159780,163],{"class":80},[20,159782,159783,159784,159786],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159785,2599],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[52,159788,3903],{"id":3902},[57,159790,159792],{"className":59,"code":159791,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159793,159794,159806,159820,159824,159832],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159795,159796,159798,159800,159802,159804],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159797,8170],{"class":72},[66,159799,77],{"class":76},[66,159801,97],{"class":84},[66,159803,5299],{"class":88},[66,159805,376],{"class":84},[66,159807,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159809,155],{"class":154},[66,159811,158],{"class":80},[66,159813,912],{"class":173},[66,159815,158],{"class":80},[66,159817,89],{"class":137},[66,159819,181],{"class":80},[66,159821,159822],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,159823,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,159825,159826,159828,159830],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,159827,2515],{"class":72},[66,159829,77],{"class":76},[66,159831,2886],{"class":117},[66,159833,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842,159844],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,159835,155],{"class":154},[66,159837,158],{"class":80},[66,159839,912],{"class":173},[66,159841,158],{"class":80},[66,159843,2537],{"class":137},[66,159845,181],{"class":80},[20,159847,187],{},[57,159849,159850],{"className":59,"code":125157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159851,159852,159866],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159853,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159855,954],{"class":76},[66,159857,958],{"class":957},[66,159859,211],{"class":84},[66,159861,3737],{"class":88},[66,159863,202],{"class":84},[66,159865,967],{"class":76},[66,159867,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,159869,954],{"class":76},[66,159871,958],{"class":957},[66,159873,211],{"class":84},[66,159875,2486],{"class":88},[66,159877,202],{"class":84},[66,159879,967],{"class":76},[20,159881,243,159882,159885,159886,4688,159889,50],{},[15,159883,159884],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159887,159888],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159890,159891],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[52,159893,13276,159895,159897],{"id":159894},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159896,2599],{}," function does",[20,159899,159900,159902],{},[15,159901,2599],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159904,159905],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159907,159908,159913,159918,159923,159928,159933],{},[33,159909,159910,159912],{},[15,159911,3737],{}," for text",[33,159914,159915,159917],{},[15,159916,2486],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159919,159920,159922],{},[15,159921,2490],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159924,159925,159927],{},[15,159926,174],{}," for lists",[33,159929,159930,159932],{},[15,159931,9114],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159934,159935,69178,159937,4688,159939],{},[15,159936,4162],{},[15,159938,1386],{},[15,159940,3967],{},[20,159942,159943,159944,159946],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159945,2599],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[52,159948,2455],{"id":2454},[20,159950,159951],{},"The main beginner form is:",[57,159953,159954],{"className":59,"code":159768,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159955,159956],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159957,159958,159960,159962,159964],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159959,912],{"class":173},[66,159961,158],{"class":80},[66,159963,42474],{"class":173},[66,159965,163],{"class":80},[20,159967,159968],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159970,281],{},[57,159972,159974],{"className":59,"code":159973,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159975,159976],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,159977,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986,159988,159990,159992],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,159979,155],{"class":154},[66,159981,158],{"class":80},[66,159983,912],{"class":173},[66,159985,158],{"class":80},[66,159987,85],{"class":84},[66,159989,4139],{"class":88},[66,159991,85],{"class":84},[66,159993,181],{"class":80},[20,159995,187],{},[57,159997,159998],{"className":59,"code":45847,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,159999,160000],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160001,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010,160012],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160003,954],{"class":76},[66,160005,958],{"class":957},[66,160007,211],{"class":84},[66,160009,3737],{"class":88},[66,160011,202],{"class":84},[66,160013,967],{"class":76},[20,160015,160016],{},"You can pass either:",[30,160018,160019,160026],{},[33,160020,160021,160022,3176,160024],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160023,64617],{},[15,160025,46603],{},[33,160027,160028,160029,3176,160031],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160030,89],{},[15,160032,110],{},[52,160034,121969],{"id":121968},[20,160036,160037],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[57,160039,160041],{"className":59,"code":160040,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160042,160043,160061,160075,160089,160111,160137],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160044,160045,160047,160049,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160046,155],{"class":154},[66,160048,158],{"class":80},[66,160050,912],{"class":173},[66,160052,158],{"class":80},[66,160054,85],{"class":84},[66,160056,4139],{"class":88},[66,160058,85],{"class":84},[66,160060,181],{"class":80},[66,160062,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160064,155],{"class":154},[66,160066,158],{"class":80},[66,160068,912],{"class":173},[66,160070,158],{"class":80},[66,160072,2628],{"class":117},[66,160074,181],{"class":80},[66,160076,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085,160087],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160078,155],{"class":154},[66,160080,158],{"class":80},[66,160082,912],{"class":173},[66,160084,158],{"class":80},[66,160086,40217],{"class":117},[66,160088,181],{"class":80},[66,160090,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103,160105,160107,160109],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,160092,155],{"class":154},[66,160094,158],{"class":80},[66,160096,912],{"class":173},[66,160098,199],{"class":80},[66,160100,1714],{"class":117},[66,160102,105],{"class":80},[66,160104,1719],{"class":117},[66,160106,105],{"class":80},[66,160108,1724],{"class":117},[66,160110,3296],{"class":80},[66,160112,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129,160131,160133,160135],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,160114,155],{"class":154},[66,160116,158],{"class":80},[66,160118,912],{"class":173},[66,160120,5824],{"class":80},[66,160122,85],{"class":84},[66,160124,89],{"class":88},[66,160126,85],{"class":84},[66,160128,94],{"class":80},[66,160130,97],{"class":84},[66,160132,5299],{"class":88},[66,160134,85],{"class":84},[66,160136,5833],{"class":80},[66,160138,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,160140,155],{"class":154},[66,160142,158],{"class":80},[66,160144,912],{"class":173},[66,160146,158],{"class":80},[66,160148,1386],{"class":4146},[66,160150,181],{"class":80},[20,160152,187],{},[57,160154,160156],{"className":59,"code":160155,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160157,160158,160172,160186,160200,160214,160228],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160159,160160,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160161,954],{"class":76},[66,160163,958],{"class":957},[66,160165,211],{"class":84},[66,160167,3737],{"class":88},[66,160169,202],{"class":84},[66,160171,967],{"class":76},[66,160173,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160175,954],{"class":76},[66,160177,958],{"class":957},[66,160179,211],{"class":84},[66,160181,2486],{"class":88},[66,160183,202],{"class":84},[66,160185,967],{"class":76},[66,160187,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160189,954],{"class":76},[66,160191,958],{"class":957},[66,160193,211],{"class":84},[66,160195,2490],{"class":88},[66,160197,202],{"class":84},[66,160199,967],{"class":76},[66,160201,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,160203,954],{"class":76},[66,160205,958],{"class":957},[66,160207,211],{"class":84},[66,160209,174],{"class":88},[66,160211,202],{"class":84},[66,160213,967],{"class":76},[66,160215,160216,160218,160220,160222,160224,160226],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,160217,954],{"class":76},[66,160219,958],{"class":957},[66,160221,211],{"class":84},[66,160223,9114],{"class":88},[66,160225,202],{"class":84},[66,160227,967],{"class":76},[66,160229,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,160231,954],{"class":76},[66,160233,958],{"class":957},[66,160235,211],{"class":84},[66,160237,4162],{"class":88},[66,160239,202],{"class":84},[66,160241,967],{"class":76},[20,160243,160244],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160246,160247,160248,50],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[652,160249,44874],{"href":49056},[52,160251,1848,160253,160255],{"id":160252},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160254,2599],{}," with variables",[20,160257,160258],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160260,160261],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[57,160263,160265],{"className":59,"code":160264,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160266,160267,160275,160293,160297,160309,160327,160331,160343],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160268,160269,160271,160273],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160270,2745],{"class":72},[66,160272,77],{"class":76},[66,160274,2886],{"class":117},[66,160276,160277,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160278,155],{"class":154},[66,160280,158],{"class":80},[66,160282,2771],{"class":137},[66,160284,105],{"class":80},[66,160286,49468],{"class":173},[66,160288,158],{"class":80},[66,160290,2771],{"class":137},[66,160292,181],{"class":80},[66,160294,160295],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160296,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,160298,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,160300,2745],{"class":72},[66,160302,77],{"class":76},[66,160304,97],{"class":84},[66,160306,45984],{"class":88},[66,160308,376],{"class":84},[66,160310,160311,160313,160315,160317,160319,160321,160323,160325],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,160312,155],{"class":154},[66,160314,158],{"class":80},[66,160316,2771],{"class":137},[66,160318,105],{"class":80},[66,160320,49468],{"class":173},[66,160322,158],{"class":80},[66,160324,2771],{"class":137},[66,160326,181],{"class":80},[66,160328,160329],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,160330,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,160332,160333,160335,160337,160339,160341],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,160334,2745],{"class":72},[66,160336,77],{"class":76},[66,160338,1711],{"class":80},[66,160340,2628],{"class":117},[66,160342,240],{"class":80},[66,160344,160345,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":68,"line":6718},[66,160346,155],{"class":154},[66,160348,158],{"class":80},[66,160350,2771],{"class":137},[66,160352,105],{"class":80},[66,160354,49468],{"class":173},[66,160356,158],{"class":80},[66,160358,2771],{"class":137},[66,160360,181],{"class":80},[20,160362,187],{},[57,160364,160366],{"className":59,"code":160365,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160367,160368,160385,160402],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160369,160370,160372,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160371,2628],{"class":117},[66,160373,160374],{"class":76}," \u003C",[66,160376,958],{"class":957},[66,160378,211],{"class":84},[66,160380,2486],{"class":88},[66,160382,202],{"class":84},[66,160384,967],{"class":76},[66,160386,160387,160390,160392,160394,160396,160398,160400],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160388,160389],{"class":72},"ten ",[66,160391,954],{"class":76},[66,160393,958],{"class":957},[66,160395,211],{"class":84},[66,160397,3737],{"class":88},[66,160399,202],{"class":84},[66,160401,967],{"class":76},[66,160403,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418,160420],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160405,223],{"class":80},[66,160407,2628],{"class":117},[66,160409,365],{"class":80},[66,160411,160374],{"class":76},[66,160413,958],{"class":957},[66,160415,211],{"class":84},[66,160417,174],{"class":88},[66,160419,202],{"class":84},[66,160421,967],{"class":76},[20,160423,160424,160426],{},[15,160425,2599],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160428,160429],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[57,160431,160433],{"className":59,"code":160432,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160434,160435,160453,160467,160471,160485],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160436,160437,160439,160441,160443,160445,160447,160449,160451],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160438,3685],{"class":72},[66,160440,77],{"class":76},[66,160442,8535],{"class":154},[66,160444,158],{"class":80},[66,160446,85],{"class":84},[66,160448,41946],{"class":88},[66,160450,85],{"class":84},[66,160452,163],{"class":80},[66,160454,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160456,155],{"class":154},[66,160458,158],{"class":80},[66,160460,912],{"class":173},[66,160462,158],{"class":80},[66,160464,3711],{"class":137},[66,160466,181],{"class":80},[66,160468,160469],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160470,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,160474,123081],{"class":72},[66,160476,77],{"class":76},[66,160478,45353],{"class":173},[66,160480,158],{"class":80},[66,160482,3711],{"class":137},[66,160484,163],{"class":80},[66,160486,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495,160497],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,160488,155],{"class":154},[66,160490,158],{"class":80},[66,160492,912],{"class":173},[66,160494,158],{"class":80},[66,160496,123104],{"class":137},[66,160498,181],{"class":80},[20,160500,41195,160501,41199],{},[15,160502,9485],{},[57,160504,160505],{"className":59,"code":125157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,160506,160507,160521],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160508,160509,160511,160513,160515,160517,160519],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160510,954],{"class":76},[66,160512,958],{"class":957},[66,160514,211],{"class":84},[66,160516,3737],{"class":88},[66,160518,202],{"class":84},[66,160520,967],{"class":76},[66,160522,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531,160533],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160524,954],{"class":76},[66,160526,958],{"class":957},[66,160528,211],{"class":84},[66,160530,2486],{"class":88},[66,160532,202],{"class":84},[66,160534,967],{"class":76},[20,160536,45780,160537,160541,160542,3176,160546,160550],{},[652,160538,160539],{"href":8512},[15,160540,3256],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[652,160543,160544],{"href":3172},[15,160545,3175],{},[652,160547,160548],{"href":3179},[15,160549,3182],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160552,160553,160554,50],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[652,160555,9274],{"href":9273},[52,160557,160559,10871,160561],{"id":160558},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160560,2599],{},[15,160562,44882],{},[20,160564,160565,4688,160567,160569],{},[15,160566,2599],{},[15,160568,44882],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,160571,160572,160577],{},[33,160573,160574,160576],{},[15,160575,2599],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,160578,160579,160581],{},[15,160580,44882],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160583,281],{},[57,160585,160587],{"className":59,"code":160586,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160588,160589,160597,160601,160615],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160590,160591,160593,160595],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160592,2745],{"class":72},[66,160594,77],{"class":76},[66,160596,34911],{"class":117},[66,160598,160599],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160600,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,160602,160603,160605,160607,160609,160611,160613],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160604,155],{"class":154},[66,160606,158],{"class":80},[66,160608,912],{"class":173},[66,160610,158],{"class":80},[66,160612,2771],{"class":137},[66,160614,181],{"class":80},[66,160616,160617,160619,160621,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,160618,155],{"class":154},[66,160620,158],{"class":80},[66,160622,48953],{"class":154},[66,160624,158],{"class":80},[66,160626,2771],{"class":137},[66,160628,105],{"class":80},[66,160630,45353],{"class":173},[66,160632,181],{"class":80},[20,160634,187],{},[57,160636,160638],{"className":59,"code":160637,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160639,160640,160654],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160641,160642,160644,160646,160648,160650,160652],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160643,954],{"class":76},[66,160645,958],{"class":957},[66,160647,211],{"class":84},[66,160649,2486],{"class":88},[66,160651,202],{"class":84},[66,160653,967],{"class":76},[66,160655,160656],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160657,4272],{"class":4146},[20,160659,160660,160661,160663],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160662,44882],{}," is more practical.",[57,160665,160667],{"className":59,"code":160666,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160668,160669,160677,160681,160697],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160670,160671,160673,160675],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160672,2745],{"class":72},[66,160674,77],{"class":76},[66,160676,34911],{"class":117},[66,160678,160679],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160680,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,160682,160683,160685,160687,160689,160691,160693,160695],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160684,7291],{"class":1060},[66,160686,49691],{"class":154},[66,160688,158],{"class":80},[66,160690,2771],{"class":137},[66,160692,105],{"class":80},[66,160694,45353],{"class":173},[66,160696,8635],{"class":80},[66,160698,160699,160701,160703,160705,160708,160710],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,160700,1081],{"class":154},[66,160702,158],{"class":80},[66,160704,85],{"class":84},[66,160706,160707],{"class":88},"This is an integer",[66,160709,85],{"class":84},[66,160711,163],{"class":80},[20,160713,243,160714,160716],{},[15,160715,2599],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160718,243,160719,160721,160722,7466],{},[15,160720,44882],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160723,7291],{},[20,160725,160726,160727,50],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[652,160728,3870,160730,3803],{"href":160729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160731,44882],{},[52,160733,160735,160736],{"id":160734},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160737,2599],{},[20,160739,160740],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[57,160742,160744],{"className":59,"code":160743,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160745,160746],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160747,160748,160750,160752,160754,160756,160759,160761,160763],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160749,912],{"class":173},[66,160751,158],{"class":80},[66,160753,89],{"class":137},[66,160755,105],{"class":80},[66,160757,160758],{"class":137}," bases",[66,160760,105],{"class":80},[66,160762,9462],{"class":173},[66,160764,163],{"class":80},[20,160766,160767],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160769,281],{},[57,160771,160773],{"className":59,"code":160772,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160774,160775,160818,160822,160832],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160776,160777,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788,160791,160793,160795,160798,160800,160802,160805,160807,160809,160811,160814,160816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160778,160779],{"class":72},"Person ",[66,160781,77],{"class":76},[66,160783,49468],{"class":173},[66,160785,158],{"class":80},[66,160787,85],{"class":84},[66,160789,160790],{"class":88},"Person",[66,160792,85],{"class":84},[66,160794,105],{"class":80},[66,160796,160797],{"class":80}," (),",[66,160799,81],{"class":80},[66,160801,85],{"class":84},[66,160803,160804],{"class":88},"species",[66,160806,85],{"class":84},[66,160808,94],{"class":80},[66,160810,97],{"class":84},[66,160812,160813],{"class":88},"human",[66,160815,85],{"class":84},[66,160817,30562],{"class":80},[66,160819,160820],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160821,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,160823,160824,160826,160828,160830],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160825,155],{"class":154},[66,160827,158],{"class":80},[66,160829,160790],{"class":137},[66,160831,163],{"class":80},[66,160833,160834,160836,160838,160840,160842,160844],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,160835,155],{"class":154},[66,160837,158],{"class":80},[66,160839,160790],{"class":137},[66,160841,50],{"class":80},[66,160843,160804],{"class":784},[66,160845,163],{"class":80},[20,160847,187],{},[57,160849,160851],{"className":59,"code":160850,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160852,160853,160868],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160854,160855,160857,160859,160861,160864,160866],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160856,954],{"class":76},[66,160858,958],{"class":957},[66,160860,211],{"class":84},[66,160862,160863],{"class":88},"__main__.Person",[66,160865,202],{"class":84},[66,160867,967],{"class":76},[66,160869,160870],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160871,160872],{"class":72},"human\n",[20,160874,160875,160876,160878],{},"Most beginners do ",[185,160877,4926],{}," need this form.",[20,160880,160881],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[52,160883,1154,160885],{"id":160884},"when-to-use-type",[15,160886,2599],{},[20,160888,160889,12726],{},[15,160890,2599],{},[30,160892,160893,160896,160899,160902],{},[33,160894,160895],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160897,160898],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160900,160901],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160903,160904],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160906,5767],{},[57,160908,160910],{"className":59,"code":160909,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160911,160912,160924,160938,160942,160956],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160913,160914,160916,160918,160920,160922],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160915,34756],{"class":72},[66,160917,77],{"class":76},[66,160919,97],{"class":84},[66,160921,50324],{"class":88},[66,160923,376],{"class":84},[66,160925,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160927,2515],{"class":72},[66,160929,77],{"class":76},[66,160931,45353],{"class":173},[66,160933,158],{"class":80},[66,160935,34777],{"class":137},[66,160937,163],{"class":80},[66,160939,160940],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,160941,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,160943,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,160945,155],{"class":154},[66,160947,158],{"class":80},[66,160949,912],{"class":173},[66,160951,158],{"class":80},[66,160953,34777],{"class":137},[66,160955,181],{"class":80},[66,160957,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,160959,155],{"class":154},[66,160961,158],{"class":80},[66,160963,912],{"class":173},[66,160965,158],{"class":80},[66,160967,2537],{"class":137},[66,160969,181],{"class":80},[20,160971,187],{},[57,160973,160974],{"className":59,"code":125157,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,160975,160976,160990],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,160977,160978,160980,160982,160984,160986,160988],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,160979,954],{"class":76},[66,160981,958],{"class":957},[66,160983,211],{"class":84},[66,160985,3737],{"class":88},[66,160987,202],{"class":84},[66,160989,967],{"class":76},[66,160991,160992,160994,160996,160998,161000,161002],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,160993,954],{"class":76},[66,160995,958],{"class":957},[66,160997,211],{"class":84},[66,160999,2486],{"class":88},[66,161001,202],{"class":84},[66,161003,967],{"class":76},[20,161005,161006],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161008,161009,161010,2487,161014,17341,161018,161022],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[652,161011,161012],{"href":42250},[15,161013,47761],{},[652,161015,161016],{"href":3172},[15,161017,3175],{},[652,161019,161020],{"href":3179},[15,161021,3182],{}," are often the next step.",[52,161024,1423],{"id":1422},[20,161026,161027,161028,161030],{},"A few things about ",[15,161029,2599],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1430,161032,161034,161037],{"id":161033},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161035,161036],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161039,64726],{},[57,161041,161043],{"className":59,"code":161042,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161044,161045],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161046,161047,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161048,155],{"class":154},[66,161050,158],{"class":80},[66,161052,912],{"class":173},[66,161054,158],{"class":80},[66,161056,2433],{"class":117},[66,161058,181],{"class":80},[20,161060,123000],{},[57,161062,161063],{"className":59,"code":156512,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,161064,161065],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161066,161067,161069,161071,161073,161075,161077],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161068,954],{"class":76},[66,161070,958],{"class":957},[66,161072,211],{"class":84},[66,161074,2486],{"class":88},[66,161076,202],{"class":84},[66,161078,967],{"class":76},[20,161080,40980,161081,161083,161084,50],{},[185,161082,4926],{}," print just ",[15,161085,2486],{},[20,161087,6970,161088,161090],{},[15,161089,2599],{}," returns a class object.",[1430,161092,161094,2695,161096],{"id":161093},"input-returns-str",[15,161095,3256],{},[15,161097,3737],{},[20,161099,79625],{},[57,161101,161103],{"className":59,"code":161102,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161104,161105,161123],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161106,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119,161121],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161108,2745],{"class":72},[66,161110,77],{"class":76},[66,161112,8535],{"class":154},[66,161114,158],{"class":80},[66,161116,85],{"class":84},[66,161118,46387],{"class":88},[66,161120,85],{"class":84},[66,161122,163],{"class":80},[66,161124,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161126,155],{"class":154},[66,161128,158],{"class":80},[66,161130,912],{"class":173},[66,161132,158],{"class":80},[66,161134,2771],{"class":137},[66,161136,181],{"class":80},[20,161138,161139],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161141,161142,161143,3176,161145,50],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161144,3175],{},[15,161146,3182],{},[1430,161148,161150],{"id":161149},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161152,161153],{},"Avoid code like this:",[57,161155,161157],{"className":59,"code":161156,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161158,161159,161167,161171,161197],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161160,161161,161163,161165],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161162,2745],{"class":72},[66,161164,77],{"class":76},[66,161166,34911],{"class":117},[66,161168,161169],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161170,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,161172,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,161174,7291],{"class":1060},[66,161176,48982],{"class":173},[66,161178,158],{"class":80},[66,161180,912],{"class":173},[66,161182,158],{"class":80},[66,161184,2771],{"class":137},[66,161186,5658],{"class":80},[66,161188,6700],{"class":76},[66,161190,97],{"class":84},[66,161192,159891],{"class":88},[66,161194,85],{"class":84},[66,161196,1133],{"class":80},[66,161198,161199,161201,161203,161205,161208,161210],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,161200,1081],{"class":154},[66,161202,158],{"class":80},[66,161204,85],{"class":84},[66,161206,161207],{"class":88},"It is an int",[66,161209,85],{"class":84},[66,161211,163],{"class":80},[20,161213,161214],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161216,161217],{},"Better options:",[57,161219,161221],{"className":59,"code":161220,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161222,161223,161231,161235,161255],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161224,161225,161227,161229],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161226,2745],{"class":72},[66,161228,77],{"class":76},[66,161230,34911],{"class":117},[66,161232,161233],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161234,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,161236,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,161238,155],{"class":154},[66,161240,158],{"class":80},[66,161242,912],{"class":173},[66,161244,158],{"class":80},[66,161246,2771],{"class":137},[66,161248,3954],{"class":80},[66,161250,6700],{"class":76},[66,161252,45353],{"class":173},[66,161254,163],{"class":80},[66,161256,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,161258,155],{"class":154},[66,161260,158],{"class":80},[66,161262,48953],{"class":154},[66,161264,158],{"class":80},[66,161266,2771],{"class":137},[66,161268,105],{"class":80},[66,161270,45353],{"class":173},[66,161272,181],{"class":80},[20,161274,187],{},[57,161276,161277],{"className":59,"code":4800,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,161278,161279,161283],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161280,161281],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161282,4272],{"class":4146},[66,161284,161285],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161286,4272],{"class":4146},[20,161288,161289,161290,161292],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161291,44882],{}," is the more useful check.",[52,161294,1838],{"id":1837},[20,161296,15009,161297,94],{},[15,161298,2599],{},[30,161300,161301,161311,161320,161329],{},[33,161302,1848,161303,161305,161306,161310],{},[15,161304,2599],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[652,161307,161308],{"href":8512},[15,161309,3256],{}," always returns a string",[33,161312,1433,161313,161315,161316,11376,161318],{},[15,161314,2599],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161317,2486],{},[15,161319,159891],{},[33,161321,1848,161322,44706,161325,161328],{},[15,161323,161324],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161326,161327],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,161330,161331],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161333,161334,161335,50],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[652,161336,161338],{"href":161337},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161340,144666],{},[57,161342,161344],{"className":59,"code":161343,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161345,161346,161360,161370,161384,161394],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161347,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161349,155],{"class":154},[66,161351,158],{"class":80},[66,161353,912],{"class":173},[66,161355,158],{"class":80},[66,161357,2771],{"class":137},[66,161359,181],{"class":80},[66,161361,161362,161364,161366,161368],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161363,155],{"class":154},[66,161365,158],{"class":80},[66,161367,2771],{"class":137},[66,161369,163],{"class":80},[66,161371,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,161373,155],{"class":154},[66,161375,158],{"class":80},[66,161377,41854],{"class":154},[66,161379,158],{"class":80},[66,161381,2771],{"class":137},[66,161383,181],{"class":80},[66,161385,161386,161388,161390,161392],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,161387,32219],{"class":154},[66,161389,158],{"class":80},[66,161391,912],{"class":173},[66,161393,163],{"class":80},[66,161395,161396,161398,161400,161402],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,161397,34440],{"class":154},[66,161399,158],{"class":80},[66,161401,2771],{"class":137},[66,161403,163],{"class":80},[20,161405,161406],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[52,161408,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,161410,5438,161412,2122],{"id":161411},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161413,2599],{},[20,161415,161416,161417,2487,161419,2487,161421,2491,161423,161425,161426,50],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161418,3737],{},[15,161420,2486],{},[15,161422,174],{},[15,161424,9114],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161427,159888],{},[1430,161429,2131,161431,57286,161433,2151],{"id":161430},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161432,2599],{},[15,161434,44882],{},[20,161436,46442,161437,161439,161440,161442],{},[15,161438,2599],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161441,44882],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1430,161444,5453,161446,161449,161450,2151],{"id":161445},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161447,161448],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161451,3737],{},[20,161453,29126,161454,161456,161457,3176,161459,160550],{},[15,161455,3256],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161458,3175],{},[15,161460,3182],{},[1430,161462,5465,161464,161466],{"id":161463},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161465,2599],{}," create classes?",[20,161468,161469,161470,50],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161471,161472],{},"type(object)",[52,161474,2183],{"id":2182},[30,161476,161477,161481,161487,161493,161497,161503,161509],{},[33,161478,161479],{},[652,161480,44874],{"href":49056},[33,161482,161483],{},[652,161484,3870,161485,3803],{"href":160729},[15,161486,44882],{},[33,161488,161489],{},[652,161490,3870,161491,3803],{"href":8512},[15,161492,3256],{},[33,161494,161495],{},[652,161496,9351],{"href":9273},[33,161498,161499],{},[652,161500,3870,161501,3803],{"href":3172},[15,161502,3175],{},[33,161504,161505],{},[652,161506,3870,161507,3803],{"href":3179},[15,161508,3182],{},[33,161510,161511],{},[652,161512,3870,161513,3803],{"href":42250},[15,161514,47761],{},[2222,161516,161517],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":161519},[161520,161521,161523,161524,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161540,161541,161551],{"id":3902,"depth":124,"text":3903},{"id":159894,"depth":124,"text":161522},"What the type() function does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":121968,"depth":124,"text":121969},{"id":160252,"depth":124,"text":161526},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160558,"depth":124,"text":161528},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160734,"depth":124,"text":161530},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160884,"depth":124,"text":161532},"When to use type()",{"id":1422,"depth":124,"text":1423,"children":161534},[161535,161537,161539],{"id":161033,"depth":144,"text":161536},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161093,"depth":144,"text":161538},"input() returns str",{"id":161149,"depth":144,"text":161150},{"id":1837,"depth":124,"text":1838},{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":161542},[161543,161545,161547,161549],{"id":161411,"depth":144,"text":161544},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161430,"depth":144,"text":161546},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161445,"depth":144,"text":161548},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161463,"depth":144,"text":161550},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159728,"description":161552},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161558,"title":161559,"body":161560,"description":164039,"extension":2260,"meta":164040,"navigation":147,"path":164041,"seo":164042,"stem":164043,"__hash__":164044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161561,"toc":163996},[161562,161567,161572,161581,161583,161683,161685,161710,161715,161720,161736,161739,161741,161743,161768,161771,161774,161857,161859,161908,161911,162033,162035,162108,162112,162115,162229,162231,162257,162259,162280,162285,162289,162294,162297,162401,162403,162420,162429,162432,162519,162521,162532,162537,162543,162548,162554,162557,162650,162652,162701,162707,162710,162811,162813,162866,162871,162875,162878,162977,162979,163018,163021,163026,163028,163033,163037,163150,163154,163251,163255,163343,163345,163362,163366,163489,163495,163501,163507,163512,163515,163542,163546,163548,163642,163645,163649,163652,163739,163742,163777,163779,163816,163819,163827,163832,163837,163911,163918,163920,163925,163928,163934,163937,163943,163948,163954,163959,163963,163966,163968,163993],[10,161563,3870,161565,3874],{"id":161564},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161566,64402],{},[20,161568,161569,161571],{},[15,161570,64402],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161573,161574,161575,161577,161578,161580],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161576,64402],{}," inside a ",[15,161579,1061],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[52,161582,55],{"id":54},[57,161584,161586],{"className":59,"code":161585,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161587,161588,161620,161640,161644,161669],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161589,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161591,5290],{"class":72},[66,161593,77],{"class":76},[66,161595,1711],{"class":80},[66,161597,85],{"class":84},[66,161599,100],{"class":88},[66,161601,85],{"class":84},[66,161603,105],{"class":80},[66,161605,97],{"class":84},[66,161607,36011],{"class":88},[66,161609,85],{"class":84},[66,161611,105],{"class":80},[66,161613,97],{"class":84},[66,161615,36020],{"class":88},[66,161617,85],{"class":84},[66,161619,240],{"class":80},[66,161621,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636,161638],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161623,5359],{"class":72},[66,161625,77],{"class":76},[66,161627,1711],{"class":80},[66,161629,13779],{"class":117},[66,161631,105],{"class":80},[66,161633,13784],{"class":117},[66,161635,105],{"class":80},[66,161637,28985],{"class":117},[66,161639,240],{"class":80},[66,161641,161642],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,161643,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,161645,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,161647,1061],{"class":1060},[66,161649,36062],{"class":72},[66,161651,105],{"class":80},[66,161653,5401],{"class":72},[66,161655,1067],{"class":1060},[66,161657,161658],{"class":154}," zip",[66,161660,158],{"class":80},[66,161662,5334],{"class":137},[66,161664,105],{"class":80},[66,161666,5406],{"class":137},[66,161668,8635],{"class":80},[66,161670,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,161672,1081],{"class":154},[66,161674,158],{"class":80},[66,161676,89],{"class":137},[66,161678,105],{"class":80},[66,161680,130946],{"class":137},[66,161682,163],{"class":80},[20,161684,187],{},[57,161686,161688],{"className":59,"code":161687,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161689,161690,161696,161703],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161691,161692,161694],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161693,133965],{"class":72},[66,161695,33203],{"class":117},[66,161697,161698,161701],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161699,161700],{"class":72},"Ben ",[66,161702,33208],{"class":117},[66,161704,161705,161708],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,161706,161707],{"class":72},"Cara ",[66,161709,33213],{"class":117},[20,161711,243,161712,161714],{},[15,161713,64402],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[52,161716,250,161718,253],{"id":161717},"what-zip-does",[15,161719,64402],{},[30,161721,161722,161727,161730,161733],{},[33,161723,161724,161726],{},[15,161725,64402],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161728,161729],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161731,161732],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161734,161735],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161737,161738],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[52,161740,2455],{"id":2454},[20,161742,7511],{},[57,161744,161746],{"className":59,"code":161745,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161747,161748],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161749,161750,161752,161754,161757,161759,161762,161764,161766],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161751,64472],{"class":154},[66,161753,158],{"class":80},[66,161755,161756],{"class":137},"iterable1",[66,161758,105],{"class":80},[66,161760,161761],{"class":137}," iterable2",[66,161763,105],{"class":80},[66,161765,34522],{"class":154},[66,161767,163],{"class":80},[20,161769,161770],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161772,161773],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[57,161775,161777],{"className":59,"code":161776,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161778,161779,161799,161831,161835],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161780,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161782,1706],{"class":72},[66,161784,77],{"class":76},[66,161786,1711],{"class":80},[66,161788,1714],{"class":117},[66,161790,105],{"class":80},[66,161792,1719],{"class":117},[66,161794,105],{"class":80},[66,161796,1724],{"class":117},[66,161798,240],{"class":80},[66,161800,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161802,36161],{"class":72},[66,161804,77],{"class":76},[66,161806,1711],{"class":80},[66,161808,85],{"class":84},[66,161810,652],{"class":88},[66,161812,85],{"class":84},[66,161814,105],{"class":80},[66,161816,97],{"class":84},[66,161818,1903],{"class":88},[66,161820,85],{"class":84},[66,161822,105],{"class":80},[66,161824,97],{"class":84},[66,161826,10027],{"class":88},[66,161828,85],{"class":84},[66,161830,240],{"class":80},[66,161832,161833],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,161834,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,161836,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,161838,155],{"class":154},[66,161840,158],{"class":80},[66,161842,174],{"class":173},[66,161844,158],{"class":80},[66,161846,64472],{"class":154},[66,161848,158],{"class":80},[66,161850,1735],{"class":137},[66,161852,105],{"class":80},[66,161854,70179],{"class":137},[66,161856,3210],{"class":80},[20,161858,187],{},[57,161860,161862],{"className":59,"code":161861,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161863,161864],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161865,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161867,21997],{"class":80},[66,161869,1714],{"class":117},[66,161871,105],{"class":80},[66,161873,211],{"class":84},[66,161875,652],{"class":88},[66,161877,202],{"class":84},[66,161879,9524],{"class":80},[66,161881,9527],{"class":80},[66,161883,2354],{"class":117},[66,161885,105],{"class":80},[66,161887,211],{"class":84},[66,161889,1903],{"class":88},[66,161891,202],{"class":84},[66,161893,9524],{"class":80},[66,161895,9527],{"class":80},[66,161897,2360],{"class":117},[66,161899,105],{"class":80},[66,161901,211],{"class":84},[66,161903,10027],{"class":88},[66,161905,202],{"class":84},[66,161907,9540],{"class":80},[20,161909,161910],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[57,161912,161914],{"className":59,"code":161913,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161915,161916,161948,161968,162002,162006],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,161917,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,161919,5290],{"class":72},[66,161921,77],{"class":76},[66,161923,1711],{"class":80},[66,161925,85],{"class":84},[66,161927,100],{"class":88},[66,161929,85],{"class":84},[66,161931,105],{"class":80},[66,161933,97],{"class":84},[66,161935,36011],{"class":88},[66,161937,85],{"class":84},[66,161939,105],{"class":80},[66,161941,97],{"class":84},[66,161943,36020],{"class":88},[66,161945,85],{"class":84},[66,161947,240],{"class":80},[66,161949,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,161951,5359],{"class":72},[66,161953,77],{"class":76},[66,161955,1711],{"class":80},[66,161957,13779],{"class":117},[66,161959,105],{"class":80},[66,161961,13784],{"class":117},[66,161963,105],{"class":80},[66,161965,28985],{"class":117},[66,161967,240],{"class":80},[66,161969,161970,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161998,162000],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,161971,161972],{"class":72},"grades ",[66,161974,77],{"class":76},[66,161976,1711],{"class":80},[66,161978,85],{"class":84},[66,161980,518],{"class":88},[66,161982,85],{"class":84},[66,161984,105],{"class":80},[66,161986,97],{"class":84},[66,161988,30666],{"class":88},[66,161990,85],{"class":84},[66,161992,105],{"class":80},[66,161994,97],{"class":84},[66,161996,161997],{"class":88},"B+",[66,161999,85],{"class":84},[66,162001,240],{"class":80},[66,162003,162004],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,162005,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,162007,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162031],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,162009,155],{"class":154},[66,162011,158],{"class":80},[66,162013,174],{"class":173},[66,162015,158],{"class":80},[66,162017,64472],{"class":154},[66,162019,158],{"class":80},[66,162021,5334],{"class":137},[66,162023,105],{"class":80},[66,162025,5406],{"class":137},[66,162027,105],{"class":80},[66,162029,162030],{"class":137}," grades",[66,162032,3210],{"class":80},[20,162034,187],{},[57,162036,162038],{"className":59,"code":162037,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162039,162040],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162041,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162043,21997],{"class":80},[66,162045,202],{"class":84},[66,162047,100],{"class":88},[66,162049,202],{"class":84},[66,162051,105],{"class":80},[66,162053,20157],{"class":117},[66,162055,105],{"class":80},[66,162057,211],{"class":84},[66,162059,518],{"class":88},[66,162061,202],{"class":84},[66,162063,9524],{"class":80},[66,162065,9527],{"class":80},[66,162067,202],{"class":84},[66,162069,36011],{"class":88},[66,162071,202],{"class":84},[66,162073,105],{"class":80},[66,162075,13784],{"class":117},[66,162077,105],{"class":80},[66,162079,211],{"class":84},[66,162081,30666],{"class":88},[66,162083,202],{"class":84},[66,162085,9524],{"class":80},[66,162087,9527],{"class":80},[66,162089,202],{"class":84},[66,162091,36020],{"class":88},[66,162093,202],{"class":84},[66,162095,105],{"class":80},[66,162097,28985],{"class":117},[66,162099,105],{"class":80},[66,162101,211],{"class":84},[66,162103,161997],{"class":88},[66,162105,202],{"class":84},[66,162107,9540],{"class":80},[52,162109,162111],{"id":162110},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162113,162114],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[57,162116,162118],{"className":59,"code":162117,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162119,162120,162152,162172,162176,162200],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162121,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162123,5290],{"class":72},[66,162125,77],{"class":76},[66,162127,1711],{"class":80},[66,162129,85],{"class":84},[66,162131,100],{"class":88},[66,162133,85],{"class":84},[66,162135,105],{"class":80},[66,162137,97],{"class":84},[66,162139,36011],{"class":88},[66,162141,85],{"class":84},[66,162143,105],{"class":80},[66,162145,97],{"class":84},[66,162147,36020],{"class":88},[66,162149,85],{"class":84},[66,162151,240],{"class":80},[66,162153,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,162155,5359],{"class":72},[66,162157,77],{"class":76},[66,162159,1711],{"class":80},[66,162161,13779],{"class":117},[66,162163,105],{"class":80},[66,162165,13784],{"class":117},[66,162167,105],{"class":80},[66,162169,28985],{"class":117},[66,162171,240],{"class":80},[66,162173,162174],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,162175,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,162177,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,162179,1061],{"class":1060},[66,162181,36062],{"class":72},[66,162183,105],{"class":80},[66,162185,5401],{"class":72},[66,162187,1067],{"class":1060},[66,162189,161658],{"class":154},[66,162191,158],{"class":80},[66,162193,5334],{"class":137},[66,162195,105],{"class":80},[66,162197,5406],{"class":137},[66,162199,8635],{"class":80},[66,162201,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,162203,1081],{"class":154},[66,162205,158],{"class":80},[66,162207,22548],{"class":957},[66,162209,85],{"class":88},[66,162211,9569],{"class":117},[66,162213,89],{"class":137},[66,162215,22557],{"class":117},[66,162217,162218],{"class":88}," scored ",[66,162220,9569],{"class":117},[66,162222,85603],{"class":137},[66,162224,22557],{"class":117},[66,162226,85],{"class":88},[66,162228,163],{"class":80},[20,162230,187],{},[57,162232,162234],{"className":59,"code":162233,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162235,162236,162243,162250],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162237,162238,162241],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162239,162240],{"class":72},"Ana scored ",[66,162242,33203],{"class":117},[66,162244,162245,162248],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,162246,162247],{"class":72},"Ben scored ",[66,162249,33208],{"class":117},[66,162251,162252,162255],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,162253,162254],{"class":72},"Cara scored ",[66,162256,33213],{"class":117},[20,162258,45007],{},[30,162260,162261,162270,162273],{},[33,162262,162263,162266,162267],{},[15,162264,162265],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162268,162269],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,162271,162272],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,162274,162275,4688,162277,162279],{},[15,162276,89],{},[15,162278,85603],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162281,162282,162283,50],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[652,162284,69696],{"href":69695},[52,162286,162288],{"id":162287},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162290,162291,162293],{},[15,162292,64402],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162295,162296],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[57,162298,162300],{"className":59,"code":162299,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162301,162302,162343,162359,162363,162387],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162303,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162339,162341],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162305,5290],{"class":72},[66,162307,77],{"class":76},[66,162309,1711],{"class":80},[66,162311,85],{"class":84},[66,162313,100],{"class":88},[66,162315,85],{"class":84},[66,162317,105],{"class":80},[66,162319,97],{"class":84},[66,162321,36011],{"class":88},[66,162323,85],{"class":84},[66,162325,105],{"class":80},[66,162327,97],{"class":84},[66,162329,36020],{"class":88},[66,162331,85],{"class":84},[66,162333,105],{"class":80},[66,162335,97],{"class":84},[66,162337,162338],{"class":88},"Dan",[66,162340,85],{"class":84},[66,162342,240],{"class":80},[66,162344,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,162346,5359],{"class":72},[66,162348,77],{"class":76},[66,162350,1711],{"class":80},[66,162352,13779],{"class":117},[66,162354,105],{"class":80},[66,162356,13784],{"class":117},[66,162358,240],{"class":80},[66,162360,162361],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,162362,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,162364,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,162366,1061],{"class":1060},[66,162368,36062],{"class":72},[66,162370,105],{"class":80},[66,162372,5401],{"class":72},[66,162374,1067],{"class":1060},[66,162376,161658],{"class":154},[66,162378,158],{"class":80},[66,162380,5334],{"class":137},[66,162382,105],{"class":80},[66,162384,5406],{"class":137},[66,162386,8635],{"class":80},[66,162388,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,162390,1081],{"class":154},[66,162392,158],{"class":80},[66,162394,89],{"class":137},[66,162396,105],{"class":80},[66,162398,130946],{"class":137},[66,162400,163],{"class":80},[20,162402,187],{},[57,162404,162406],{"className":59,"code":162405,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162407,162408,162414],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162409,162410,162412],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162411,133965],{"class":72},[66,162413,33203],{"class":117},[66,162415,162416,162418],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,162417,161700],{"class":72},[66,162419,33208],{"class":117},[20,162421,2583,162422,4688,162425,162428],{},[15,162423,162424],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162426,162427],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162430,162431],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[57,162433,162435],{"className":59,"code":162434,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162436,162437,162477,162493,162497],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162438,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162440,5290],{"class":72},[66,162442,77],{"class":76},[66,162444,1711],{"class":80},[66,162446,85],{"class":84},[66,162448,100],{"class":88},[66,162450,85],{"class":84},[66,162452,105],{"class":80},[66,162454,97],{"class":84},[66,162456,36011],{"class":88},[66,162458,85],{"class":84},[66,162460,105],{"class":80},[66,162462,97],{"class":84},[66,162464,36020],{"class":88},[66,162466,85],{"class":84},[66,162468,105],{"class":80},[66,162470,97],{"class":84},[66,162472,162338],{"class":88},[66,162474,85],{"class":84},[66,162476,240],{"class":80},[66,162478,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,162480,5359],{"class":72},[66,162482,77],{"class":76},[66,162484,1711],{"class":80},[66,162486,13779],{"class":117},[66,162488,105],{"class":80},[66,162490,13784],{"class":117},[66,162492,240],{"class":80},[66,162494,162495],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,162496,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,162498,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,162500,155],{"class":154},[66,162502,158],{"class":80},[66,162504,11445],{"class":154},[66,162506,158],{"class":80},[66,162508,5334],{"class":137},[66,162510,9524],{"class":80},[66,162512,38459],{"class":154},[66,162514,158],{"class":80},[66,162516,16663],{"class":137},[66,162518,181],{"class":80},[20,162520,187],{},[57,162522,162524],{"className":59,"code":162523,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"4 2\n",[15,162525,162526],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162527,162528,162530],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162529,2803],{"class":117},[66,162531,45666],{"class":117},[20,162533,162534,162535,50],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162536,64402],{},[52,162538,92194,162540,162542],{"id":162539},"converting-zip-output",[15,162541,64402],{}," output",[20,162544,29126,162545,162547],{},[15,162546,64402],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1430,162549,243,162551],{"id":162550},"use-listzip",[15,162552,162553],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162555,162556],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[57,162558,162560],{"className":59,"code":162559,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162561,162562,162594,162614,162618,162640],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162563,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162565,5290],{"class":72},[66,162567,77],{"class":76},[66,162569,1711],{"class":80},[66,162571,85],{"class":84},[66,162573,100],{"class":88},[66,162575,85],{"class":84},[66,162577,105],{"class":80},[66,162579,97],{"class":84},[66,162581,36011],{"class":88},[66,162583,85],{"class":84},[66,162585,105],{"class":80},[66,162587,97],{"class":84},[66,162589,36020],{"class":88},[66,162591,85],{"class":84},[66,162593,240],{"class":80},[66,162595,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,162597,5359],{"class":72},[66,162599,77],{"class":76},[66,162601,1711],{"class":80},[66,162603,13779],{"class":117},[66,162605,105],{"class":80},[66,162607,13784],{"class":117},[66,162609,105],{"class":80},[66,162611,28985],{"class":117},[66,162613,240],{"class":80},[66,162615,162616],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,162617,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,162619,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,162621,9506],{"class":72},[66,162623,77],{"class":76},[66,162625,1656],{"class":173},[66,162627,158],{"class":80},[66,162629,64472],{"class":154},[66,162631,158],{"class":80},[66,162633,5334],{"class":137},[66,162635,105],{"class":80},[66,162637,5406],{"class":137},[66,162639,181],{"class":80},[66,162641,162642,162644,162646,162648],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,162643,155],{"class":154},[66,162645,158],{"class":80},[66,162647,9553],{"class":137},[66,162649,163],{"class":80},[20,162651,187],{},[57,162653,162655],{"className":59,"code":162654,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162656,162657],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162658,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162660,21997],{"class":80},[66,162662,202],{"class":84},[66,162664,100],{"class":88},[66,162666,202],{"class":84},[66,162668,105],{"class":80},[66,162670,20157],{"class":117},[66,162672,9524],{"class":80},[66,162674,9527],{"class":80},[66,162676,202],{"class":84},[66,162678,36011],{"class":88},[66,162680,202],{"class":84},[66,162682,105],{"class":80},[66,162684,13784],{"class":117},[66,162686,9524],{"class":80},[66,162688,9527],{"class":80},[66,162690,202],{"class":84},[66,162692,36020],{"class":88},[66,162694,202],{"class":84},[66,162696,105],{"class":80},[66,162698,28985],{"class":117},[66,162700,9540],{"class":80},[1430,162702,243,162704],{"id":162703},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162705,162706],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162708,162709],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[57,162711,162713],{"className":59,"code":162712,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162714,162715,162747,162775,162779,162801],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162716,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162718,127],{"class":72},[66,162720,77],{"class":76},[66,162722,1711],{"class":80},[66,162724,85],{"class":84},[66,162726,89],{"class":88},[66,162728,85],{"class":84},[66,162730,105],{"class":80},[66,162732,97],{"class":84},[66,162734,110],{"class":88},[66,162736,85],{"class":84},[66,162738,105],{"class":80},[66,162740,97],{"class":84},[66,162742,360],{"class":88},[66,162744,85],{"class":84},[66,162746,240],{"class":80},[66,162748,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,162750,4116],{"class":72},[66,162752,77],{"class":76},[66,162754,1711],{"class":80},[66,162756,85],{"class":84},[66,162758,100],{"class":88},[66,162760,85],{"class":84},[66,162762,105],{"class":80},[66,162764,323],{"class":117},[66,162766,105],{"class":80},[66,162768,97],{"class":84},[66,162770,16305],{"class":88},[66,162772,85],{"class":84},[66,162774,240],{"class":80},[66,162776,162777],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,162778,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,162780,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,162782,291],{"class":72},[66,162784,77],{"class":76},[66,162786,9462],{"class":173},[66,162788,158],{"class":80},[66,162790,64472],{"class":154},[66,162792,158],{"class":80},[66,162794,138],{"class":137},[66,162796,105],{"class":80},[66,162798,4179],{"class":137},[66,162800,181],{"class":80},[66,162802,162803,162805,162807,162809],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,162804,155],{"class":154},[66,162806,158],{"class":80},[66,162808,338],{"class":137},[66,162810,163],{"class":80},[20,162812,187],{},[57,162814,162816],{"className":59,"code":162815,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162817,162818],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162819,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162821,9569],{"class":80},[66,162823,202],{"class":84},[66,162825,89],{"class":88},[66,162827,202],{"class":84},[66,162829,94],{"class":80},[66,162831,211],{"class":84},[66,162833,100],{"class":88},[66,162835,202],{"class":84},[66,162837,105],{"class":80},[66,162839,211],{"class":84},[66,162841,110],{"class":88},[66,162843,202],{"class":84},[66,162845,94],{"class":80},[66,162847,323],{"class":117},[66,162849,105],{"class":80},[66,162851,211],{"class":84},[66,162853,360],{"class":88},[66,162855,202],{"class":84},[66,162857,94],{"class":80},[66,162859,211],{"class":84},[66,162861,16305],{"class":88},[66,162863,202],{"class":84},[66,162865,121],{"class":80},[20,162867,162868,162869,50],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[652,162870,31153],{"href":31152},[1430,162872,162874],{"id":162873},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162876,162877],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[57,162879,162881],{"className":59,"code":162880,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162882,162883,162907,162923,162927,162945,162949,162963],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162884,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162886,5290],{"class":72},[66,162888,77],{"class":76},[66,162890,1711],{"class":80},[66,162892,85],{"class":84},[66,162894,100],{"class":88},[66,162896,85],{"class":84},[66,162898,105],{"class":80},[66,162900,97],{"class":84},[66,162902,36011],{"class":88},[66,162904,85],{"class":84},[66,162906,240],{"class":80},[66,162908,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,162910,5359],{"class":72},[66,162912,77],{"class":76},[66,162914,1711],{"class":80},[66,162916,13779],{"class":117},[66,162918,105],{"class":80},[66,162920,13784],{"class":117},[66,162922,240],{"class":80},[66,162924,162925],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,162926,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,162928,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,162930,9506],{"class":72},[66,162932,77],{"class":76},[66,162934,161658],{"class":154},[66,162936,158],{"class":80},[66,162938,5334],{"class":137},[66,162940,105],{"class":80},[66,162942,5406],{"class":137},[66,162944,163],{"class":80},[66,162946,162947],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,162948,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,162950,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,162952,155],{"class":154},[66,162954,158],{"class":80},[66,162956,174],{"class":173},[66,162958,158],{"class":80},[66,162960,9553],{"class":137},[66,162962,181],{"class":80},[66,162964,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,162966,155],{"class":154},[66,162968,158],{"class":80},[66,162970,174],{"class":173},[66,162972,158],{"class":80},[66,162974,9553],{"class":137},[66,162976,181],{"class":80},[20,162978,187],{},[57,162980,162982],{"className":59,"code":162981,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162983,162984,163014],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,162985,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,162987,21997],{"class":80},[66,162989,202],{"class":84},[66,162991,100],{"class":88},[66,162993,202],{"class":84},[66,162995,105],{"class":80},[66,162997,20157],{"class":117},[66,162999,9524],{"class":80},[66,163001,9527],{"class":80},[66,163003,202],{"class":84},[66,163005,36011],{"class":88},[66,163007,202],{"class":84},[66,163009,105],{"class":80},[66,163011,13784],{"class":117},[66,163013,9540],{"class":80},[66,163015,163016],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163017,38370],{"class":80},[20,163019,163020],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163022,163023,163024,50],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[652,163025,5432],{"href":5881},[52,163027,41120],{"id":41119},[20,163029,163030,163031,50],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163032,64402],{},[1430,163034,163036],{"id":163035},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[57,163038,163040],{"className":59,"code":163039,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163041,163042,163074,163094,163098,163122],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163045,5290],{"class":72},[66,163047,77],{"class":76},[66,163049,1711],{"class":80},[66,163051,85],{"class":84},[66,163053,100],{"class":88},[66,163055,85],{"class":84},[66,163057,105],{"class":80},[66,163059,97],{"class":84},[66,163061,36011],{"class":88},[66,163063,85],{"class":84},[66,163065,105],{"class":80},[66,163067,97],{"class":84},[66,163069,36020],{"class":88},[66,163071,85],{"class":84},[66,163073,240],{"class":80},[66,163075,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163077,5359],{"class":72},[66,163079,77],{"class":76},[66,163081,1711],{"class":80},[66,163083,13779],{"class":117},[66,163085,105],{"class":80},[66,163087,13784],{"class":117},[66,163089,105],{"class":80},[66,163091,28985],{"class":117},[66,163093,240],{"class":80},[66,163095,163096],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,163097,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,163099,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,163101,1061],{"class":1060},[66,163103,36062],{"class":72},[66,163105,105],{"class":80},[66,163107,5401],{"class":72},[66,163109,1067],{"class":1060},[66,163111,161658],{"class":154},[66,163113,158],{"class":80},[66,163115,5334],{"class":137},[66,163117,105],{"class":80},[66,163119,5406],{"class":137},[66,163121,8635],{"class":80},[66,163123,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,163125,1081],{"class":154},[66,163127,158],{"class":80},[66,163129,22548],{"class":957},[66,163131,85],{"class":88},[66,163133,9569],{"class":117},[66,163135,89],{"class":137},[66,163137,22557],{"class":117},[66,163139,22560],{"class":88},[66,163141,9569],{"class":117},[66,163143,85603],{"class":137},[66,163145,22557],{"class":117},[66,163147,85],{"class":88},[66,163149,163],{"class":80},[1430,163151,163153],{"id":163152},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[57,163155,163157],{"className":59,"code":163156,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163158,163159,163191,163215,163219,163241],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163160,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163162,127],{"class":72},[66,163164,77],{"class":76},[66,163166,1711],{"class":80},[66,163168,85],{"class":84},[66,163170,12931],{"class":88},[66,163172,85],{"class":84},[66,163174,105],{"class":80},[66,163176,97],{"class":84},[66,163178,89],{"class":88},[66,163180,85],{"class":84},[66,163182,105],{"class":80},[66,163184,97],{"class":84},[66,163186,16095],{"class":88},[66,163188,85],{"class":84},[66,163190,240],{"class":80},[66,163192,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163194,4116],{"class":72},[66,163196,77],{"class":76},[66,163198,1711],{"class":80},[66,163200,46669],{"class":117},[66,163202,105],{"class":80},[66,163204,97],{"class":84},[66,163206,100],{"class":88},[66,163208,85],{"class":84},[66,163210,105],{"class":80},[66,163212,4208],{"class":4146},[66,163214,240],{"class":80},[66,163216,163217],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,163218,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,163220,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,163222,472],{"class":72},[66,163224,77],{"class":76},[66,163226,9462],{"class":173},[66,163228,158],{"class":80},[66,163230,64472],{"class":154},[66,163232,158],{"class":80},[66,163234,138],{"class":137},[66,163236,105],{"class":80},[66,163238,4179],{"class":137},[66,163240,181],{"class":80},[66,163242,163243,163245,163247,163249],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,163244,155],{"class":154},[66,163246,158],{"class":80},[66,163248,535],{"class":137},[66,163250,163],{"class":80},[1430,163252,163254],{"id":163253},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[57,163256,163258],{"className":59,"code":163257,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163259,163260,163280,163300,163304,163329],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163261,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274,163276,163278],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163263,80741],{"class":72},[66,163265,77],{"class":76},[66,163267,1711],{"class":80},[66,163269,2628],{"class":117},[66,163271,105],{"class":80},[66,163273,118],{"class":117},[66,163275,105],{"class":80},[66,163277,8088],{"class":117},[66,163279,240],{"class":80},[66,163281,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163283,80762],{"class":72},[66,163285,77],{"class":76},[66,163287,1711],{"class":80},[66,163289,2628],{"class":117},[66,163291,105],{"class":80},[66,163293,323],{"class":117},[66,163295,105],{"class":80},[66,163297,8088],{"class":117},[66,163299,240],{"class":80},[66,163301,163302],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,163303,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,163305,163306,163308,163310,163312,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,163307,1061],{"class":1060},[66,163309,56968],{"class":72},[66,163311,105],{"class":80},[66,163313,163314],{"class":72}," b ",[66,163316,1067],{"class":1060},[66,163318,161658],{"class":154},[66,163320,158],{"class":80},[66,163322,111833],{"class":137},[66,163324,105],{"class":80},[66,163326,80805],{"class":137},[66,163328,8635],{"class":80},[66,163330,163331,163333,163335,163337,163339,163341],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,163332,1081],{"class":154},[66,163334,158],{"class":80},[66,163336,2853],{"class":137},[66,163338,4984],{"class":76},[66,163340,2858],{"class":137},[66,163342,163],{"class":80},[20,163344,187],{},[57,163346,163348],{"className":59,"code":163347,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163349,163350,163354,163358],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163351,163352],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163353,4272],{"class":4146},[66,163355,163356],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163357,4333],{"class":4146},[66,163359,163360],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,163361,4272],{"class":4146},[1430,163363,163365],{"id":163364},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[57,163367,163369],{"className":59,"code":163368,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163370,163371,163406,163429,163433,163460],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163372,163373,163376,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163393,163395,163397,163399,163402,163404],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163374,163375],{"class":72},"products ",[66,163377,77],{"class":76},[66,163379,1711],{"class":80},[66,163381,85],{"class":84},[66,163383,1201],{"class":88},[66,163385,85],{"class":84},[66,163387,105],{"class":80},[66,163389,97],{"class":84},[66,163391,163392],{"class":88},"Pen",[66,163394,85],{"class":84},[66,163396,105],{"class":80},[66,163398,97],{"class":84},[66,163400,163401],{"class":88},"Bag",[66,163403,85],{"class":84},[66,163405,240],{"class":80},[66,163407,163408,163410,163412,163414,163417,163419,163422,163424,163427],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163409,83131],{"class":72},[66,163411,77],{"class":76},[66,163413,1711],{"class":80},[66,163415,163416],{"class":117},"12.5",[66,163418,105],{"class":80},[66,163420,163421],{"class":117}," 1.2",[66,163423,105],{"class":80},[66,163425,163426],{"class":117}," 25.0",[66,163428,240],{"class":80},[66,163430,163431],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,163432,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,163434,163435,163437,163439,163441,163444,163446,163448,163450,163453,163455,163458],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,163436,1061],{"class":1060},[66,163438,1263],{"class":72},[66,163440,105],{"class":80},[66,163442,163443],{"class":72}," price ",[66,163445,1067],{"class":1060},[66,163447,161658],{"class":154},[66,163449,158],{"class":80},[66,163451,163452],{"class":137},"products",[66,163454,105],{"class":80},[66,163456,163457],{"class":137}," prices",[66,163459,8635],{"class":80},[66,163461,163462,163464,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,163463,1081],{"class":154},[66,163465,158],{"class":80},[66,163467,22548],{"class":957},[66,163469,85],{"class":88},[66,163471,9569],{"class":117},[66,163473,27073],{"class":137},[66,163475,22557],{"class":117},[66,163477,163478],{"class":88}," costs $",[66,163480,9569],{"class":117},[66,163482,1210],{"class":137},[66,163484,22557],{"class":117},[66,163486,85],{"class":88},[66,163488,163],{"class":80},[20,163490,36673,163491,50],{},[652,163492,163494],{"href":163493},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[52,163496,163498,163499],{"id":163497},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163500,64402],{},[1430,163502,1433,163504,163506],{"id":163503},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163505,64402],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163508,163509,163511],{},[15,163510,64402],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163513,163514],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[57,163516,163518],{"className":59,"code":163517,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163519,163520],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163521,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534,163536,163538,163540],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163523,155],{"class":154},[66,163525,158],{"class":80},[66,163527,11445],{"class":154},[66,163529,158],{"class":80},[66,163531,111833],{"class":137},[66,163533,9524],{"class":80},[66,163535,38459],{"class":154},[66,163537,158],{"class":80},[66,163539,81028],{"class":137},[66,163541,181],{"class":80},[1430,163543,163545],{"id":163544},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163547,68919],{},[57,163549,163551],{"className":59,"code":163550,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163552,163553,163589,163593,163606,163616,163620,163632],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163554,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163556,9506],{"class":72},[66,163558,77],{"class":76},[66,163560,161658],{"class":154},[66,163562,199],{"class":80},[66,163564,1714],{"class":117},[66,163566,105],{"class":80},[66,163568,1719],{"class":117},[66,163570,18323],{"class":80},[66,163572,1711],{"class":80},[66,163574,85],{"class":84},[66,163576,652],{"class":88},[66,163578,85],{"class":84},[66,163580,105],{"class":80},[66,163582,97],{"class":84},[66,163584,1903],{"class":88},[66,163586,85],{"class":84},[66,163588,218],{"class":80},[66,163590,163591],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163592,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,163594,163595,163597,163599,163601,163604],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,163596,1061],{"class":1060},[66,163598,6253],{"class":72},[66,163600,1067],{"class":1060},[66,163602,163603],{"class":72}," pairs",[66,163605,1133],{"class":80},[66,163607,163608,163610,163612,163614],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,163609,1081],{"class":154},[66,163611,158],{"class":80},[66,163613,23563],{"class":137},[66,163615,163],{"class":80},[66,163617,163618],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,163619,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,163621,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630],{"class":68,"line":379},[66,163623,1061],{"class":1060},[66,163625,6253],{"class":72},[66,163627,1067],{"class":1060},[66,163629,163603],{"class":72},[66,163631,1133],{"class":80},[66,163633,163634,163636,163638,163640],{"class":68,"line":6707},[66,163635,1081],{"class":154},[66,163637,158],{"class":80},[66,163639,23563],{"class":137},[66,163641,163],{"class":80},[20,163643,163644],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1430,163646,163648],{"id":163647},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163650,163651],{},"This is correct:",[57,163653,163655],{"className":59,"code":163654,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163656,163657,163681,163697,163701,163725],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163658,163659,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669,163671,163673,163675,163677,163679],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163660,5290],{"class":72},[66,163662,77],{"class":76},[66,163664,1711],{"class":80},[66,163666,85],{"class":84},[66,163668,100],{"class":88},[66,163670,85],{"class":84},[66,163672,105],{"class":80},[66,163674,97],{"class":84},[66,163676,36011],{"class":88},[66,163678,85],{"class":84},[66,163680,240],{"class":80},[66,163682,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163684,5359],{"class":72},[66,163686,77],{"class":76},[66,163688,1711],{"class":80},[66,163690,13779],{"class":117},[66,163692,105],{"class":80},[66,163694,13784],{"class":117},[66,163696,240],{"class":80},[66,163698,163699],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,163700,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,163702,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163713,163715,163717,163719,163721,163723],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,163704,1061],{"class":1060},[66,163706,36062],{"class":72},[66,163708,105],{"class":80},[66,163710,5401],{"class":72},[66,163712,1067],{"class":1060},[66,163714,161658],{"class":154},[66,163716,158],{"class":80},[66,163718,5334],{"class":137},[66,163720,105],{"class":80},[66,163722,5406],{"class":137},[66,163724,8635],{"class":80},[66,163726,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737],{"class":68,"line":166},[66,163728,1081],{"class":154},[66,163730,158],{"class":80},[66,163732,89],{"class":137},[66,163734,105],{"class":80},[66,163736,130946],{"class":137},[66,163738,163],{"class":80},[20,163740,163741],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[57,163743,163745],{"className":59,"code":163744,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163746,163747,163767],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163748,163749,163751,163753,163755,163757,163759,163761,163763,163765],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163750,1061],{"class":1060},[66,163752,6253],{"class":72},[66,163754,1067],{"class":1060},[66,163756,161658],{"class":154},[66,163758,158],{"class":80},[66,163760,5334],{"class":137},[66,163762,105],{"class":80},[66,163764,5406],{"class":137},[66,163766,8635],{"class":80},[66,163768,163769,163771,163773,163775],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163770,1081],{"class":154},[66,163772,158],{"class":80},[66,163774,23563],{"class":137},[66,163776,163],{"class":80},[20,163778,187],{},[57,163780,163782],{"className":59,"code":163781,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163783,163784,163800],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163785,163786,163788,163790,163792,163794,163796,163798],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163787,158],{"class":80},[66,163789,202],{"class":84},[66,163791,100],{"class":88},[66,163793,202],{"class":84},[66,163795,105],{"class":80},[66,163797,20157],{"class":117},[66,163799,163],{"class":80},[66,163801,163802,163804,163806,163808,163810,163812,163814],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163803,158],{"class":80},[66,163805,202],{"class":84},[66,163807,36011],{"class":88},[66,163809,202],{"class":84},[66,163811,105],{"class":80},[66,163813,13784],{"class":117},[66,163815,163],{"class":80},[20,163817,163818],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1430,163820,1848,163822,163824,163825],{"id":163821},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163823,64402],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163826,35819],{},[20,163828,243,163829,163831],{},[15,163830,64402],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163833,243,163834,163836],{},[15,163835,35819],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[57,163838,163839],{"className":59,"code":35988,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},[15,163840,163841,163873,163877,163897],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,163842,163843,163845,163847,163849,163851,163853,163855,163857,163859,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,163844,5290],{"class":72},[66,163846,77],{"class":76},[66,163848,1711],{"class":80},[66,163850,85],{"class":84},[66,163852,100],{"class":88},[66,163854,85],{"class":84},[66,163856,105],{"class":80},[66,163858,97],{"class":84},[66,163860,36011],{"class":88},[66,163862,85],{"class":84},[66,163864,105],{"class":80},[66,163866,97],{"class":84},[66,163868,36020],{"class":88},[66,163870,85],{"class":84},[66,163872,240],{"class":80},[66,163874,163875],{"class":68,"line":124},[66,163876,148],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":147},[66,163878,163879,163881,163883,163885,163887,163889,163891,163893,163895],{"class":68,"line":144},[66,163880,1061],{"class":1060},[66,163882,35891],{"class":72},[66,163884,105],{"class":80},[66,163886,36039],{"class":72},[66,163888,1067],{"class":1060},[66,163890,35901],{"class":154},[66,163892,158],{"class":80},[66,163894,5334],{"class":137},[66,163896,8635],{"class":80},[66,163898,163899,163901,163903,163905,163907,163909],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,163900,1081],{"class":154},[66,163902,158],{"class":80},[66,163904,35916],{"class":137},[66,163906,105],{"class":80},[66,163908,36062],{"class":137},[66,163910,163],{"class":80},[20,163912,163913,163914,50],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[652,163915,3870,163916,3803],{"href":92106},[15,163917,35819],{},[52,163919,2115],{"id":2114},[1430,163921,5438,163923,2122],{"id":163922},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163924,64402],{},[20,163926,163927],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1430,163929,12986,163931,163933],{"id":163930},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163932,64402],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163935,163936],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1430,163938,163940,163941,2151],{"id":163939},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163942,64402],{},[20,163944,163945,163946,50],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163947,162553],{},[1430,163949,163951,163952,2151],{"id":163950},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163953,64402],{},[20,163955,128311,163956,163958],{},[15,163957,162706],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1430,163960,163962],{"id":163961},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163964,163965],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[52,163967,2183],{"id":2182},[30,163969,163970,163975,163981,163985,163989],{},[33,163971,163972],{},[652,163973,163974],{"href":163493},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163976,163977],{},[652,163978,3870,163979,3803],{"href":92106},[15,163980,35819],{},[33,163982,163983],{},[652,163984,5512],{"href":5881},[33,163986,163987],{},[652,163988,69772],{"href":69695},[33,163990,163991],{},[652,163992,32327],{"href":31152},[2222,163994,163995],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":62,"searchDepth":124,"depth":124,"links":163997},[163998,163999,164001,164002,164003,164004,164012,164018,164027,164038],{"id":54,"depth":124,"text":55},{"id":161717,"depth":124,"text":164000},"What zip() does",{"id":2454,"depth":124,"text":2455},{"id":162110,"depth":124,"text":162111},{"id":162287,"depth":124,"text":162288},{"id":162539,"depth":124,"text":164005,"children":164006},"Converting zip() output",[164007,164009,164011],{"id":162550,"depth":144,"text":164008},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162703,"depth":144,"text":164010},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162873,"depth":144,"text":162874},{"id":41119,"depth":124,"text":41120,"children":164013},[164014,164015,164016,164017],{"id":163035,"depth":144,"text":163036},{"id":163152,"depth":144,"text":163153},{"id":163253,"depth":144,"text":163254},{"id":163364,"depth":144,"text":163365},{"id":163497,"depth":124,"text":164019,"children":164020},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164021,164023,164024,164025],{"id":163503,"depth":144,"text":164022},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163544,"depth":144,"text":163545},{"id":163647,"depth":144,"text":163648},{"id":163821,"depth":144,"text":164026},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2114,"depth":124,"text":2115,"children":164028},[164029,164031,164033,164035,164037],{"id":163922,"depth":144,"text":164030},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163930,"depth":144,"text":164032},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163939,"depth":144,"text":164034},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163950,"depth":144,"text":164036},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163961,"depth":144,"text":163962},{"id":2182,"depth":124,"text":2183},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161559,"description":164039},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945052278]